TY - JOUR T1 - Response of liver and heart trace elements in rats to the interaction between dietary zinc and iron AN - 815539434; 13855757 AB - An analysis of the interaction between dietary iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) was performed by using data from Sprague-Dawley rats in a 5 4 fully crossed factorially arranged experiment. The concentrations of 9 trace elements from the liver and 10 from the heart were determined and subjected to diverse statistical analyses and were classified by their response to the interaction between dietary Fe and Zn. The interaction was studied by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), discriminant analysis, and logistic regression to determine the direction of interaction; that is, did dietary Fe affect dietary Zn or did dietary Zn affect dietary Fe? The use of discriminant analysis allowed for using multiple parameters (rather than a single parameter) to determine possible interactions between Fe and Zn. Thus, two main levels of interaction were studied: the separate response of each tissue mineral and the response of some grouped minerals. The responses studied were the effect of dietary Zn on tissue trace element parameters, the effect of dietary Fe on the parameters, the effect of dietary Zn on combined (grouped) parameters, and the effect of dietary Fe on combined parameters. As determined by ANOVA, only three individual trace elements--liver Fe, Cu, and Mo--were significantly affected by the interaction between Fe and Zn. However, a broader interaction between Fe and Zn is revealed when groups of, rather than single, trace elements are studied. For example, an interaction between dietary Fe and Zn affects the weighted linear combination of heart Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn. This article presents the hypothesis that grouped parameters may be useful as status indicators. The complete dataset can be found at http://www.gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov/fezn. JF - Biological Trace Element Research AU - Zaslavsky, Boris AU - Uthus, Eric O AD - USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, P.O. Box 9034, 58202-9034, Grand Forks, ND Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 165 EP - 183 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Data processing KW - Zinc KW - Liver KW - Statistical analysis KW - Iron KW - Minerals KW - Manganese KW - Trace elements KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815539434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Response+of+liver+and+heart+trace+elements+in+rats+to+the+interaction+between+dietary+zinc+and+iron&rft.au=Zaslavsky%2C+Boris%3BUthus%2C+Eric+O&rft.aulast=Zaslavsky&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FBTER%3A88%3A2%3A165 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; Data processing; Zinc; Statistical analysis; Liver; Manganese; Minerals; Iron; Trace elements DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/BTER:88:2:165 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What about upwind buffer zones for aerial applications? AN - 72150654; 12363183 AB - Buffer zones are areas set adjacent to areas sprayed with pesticides in which spray drift can deposit without consequence. It has been suggested that buffer zones should totally surround areas to be sprayed. We reviewed the scientific literature and employed a recently developed mechanistic model of spray drift to assess the magnitude of upwind spray drift and the consequent need for upwind buffer zones. Neither the scientific literature nor the AgDRIFT model support the need for upwind buffer zones for typical aerial spray applications. JF - Journal of agricultural safety and health AU - Kirk, L W AU - Teske, M E AU - Thistle, H W AD - Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845-4966, USA. i-kirk@tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 333 EP - 336 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Agriculture KW - Air Movements KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72150654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=What+about+upwind+buffer+zones+for+aerial+applications%3F&rft.au=Kirk%2C+L+W%3BTeske%2C+M+E%3BThistle%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of neem seed extract on feeding, growth, survival, and reproduction of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). AN - 72068532; 12216804 AB - A commercially available neem seed extract, Neemix 4.5, containing 4.5% azadirachtin (AZA), was assessed for biological activity against the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), an important exotic insect pest of Florida citrus. Laboratory bioassays against neonatal and 3-wk-old larvae fed sliced carrot treated with Neemix produced dose-dependent larval mortality and reduced fresh weights among survivors of treatments. The weight response was greater than the mortality response for both larval age groups. Neonates treated with 45 mg/liter AZA weighed 60% less than those in the control after 4 wk. Three-week-old larvae treated with 45 mg/ liter AZA weighed 30% less than those in the control after 5 wk. When neonates were exposed to insect diet incorporated with Neemix, reductions in larval survival and weight were observed at concentrations as low as 4.8 mg/liter AZA after 6 wk. Larval growth was inhibited by >97% with 42.9 mg/liter AZA in the diet. A soil drench containing 30 mg/liter AZA reduced the survival and weight gain of neonates added to potted citrus and provided protection to the roots in a greenhouse experiment. A concentration of 90 mg/liter AZA was required to provide protection of citrus roots against 4-wk-old larvae. Reproductive effects were observed when adult weevils were fed foliage treated with Neemix. The numbers of larvae hatching per egg mass were reduced by 27% and 68% at 30 and 90 mg/liter AZA, respectively. These results suggest that Neemix should be further evaluated for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of citrus. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Weathersbee, A A AU - Tang, Y Q AD - aweathersbee@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 661 EP - 667 VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Limonins KW - Plant Extracts KW - Triterpenes KW - azadirachtin KW - O4U1SAF85H KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Seeds KW - Larva KW - Biological Assay KW - Reproduction KW - Beetles -- physiology KW - Beetles -- growth & development KW - Triterpenes -- pharmacology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Feeding Behavior -- drug effects KW - Beetles -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72068532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+neem+seed+extract+on+feeding%2C+growth%2C+survival%2C+and+reproduction+of+Diaprepes+abbreviatus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29.&rft.au=Weathersbee%2C+A+A%3BTang%2C+Y+Q&rft.aulast=Weathersbee&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of phytotoxicity and mammalian cytotoxicity of nontrichothecene mycotoxins. AN - 71994834; 12182537 AB - The phytotoxicity and mammalian cytotoxicity of four nontrichothecene mycotoxins (apicidin, sambutoxin, wortmannin, HC-toxin) were compared. Phytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of electrolyte leakage, growth inhibition, and reduction in chlorophyll content. Based on the parameters evaluated, the relative order of phytotoxicity to duckweed (Lemna pausicostata L.) was wortmannin > HC-toxin > apicidin >> sambutoxin. A 48-hr exposure to 10 microM wortmannin, HC-toxin or apicidin caused electrolyte leakage from duckweed. The IC50 values for growth inhibition and chlorophyll reduction for wortmannin, HC-toxin, and apicidin were 0.2 and 2.6 microM, 15.4 and 12.6 microM, and 27.7 and 45.3 microM, respectively. Based on the parameters measured, a 72-hr exposure to 100 microM sambutoxin was not toxic to duckweed. Kudzu (Pueraria lobata L.) leaf disc assays revealed a similar trend in relative toxicities, but higher mycotoxin concentrations were required to elicit phytotoxic effects compared to duckweed. All four mycotoxins were cytotoxic to four mammalian cell cultures. However, in contrast to plants, wortmannin was the least toxic (IC50 = 10 to 20 microM) and sambutoxin exhibited a high level of toxicity (IC50 = 0.5 to 1 microM). JF - Journal of natural toxins AU - Abbas, Hamed K AU - Shier, W T AU - Gronwald, John W AU - Lee, Y W AD - USDA-ARS, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. habbas@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 173 EP - 186 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Electrolytes KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mammals KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Cell Culture Techniques KW - Chlorophyll -- analysis KW - Araceae -- physiology KW - Pueraria -- physiology KW - Araceae -- chemistry KW - Pueraria -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71994834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+phytotoxicity+and+mammalian+cytotoxicity+of+nontrichothecene+mycotoxins.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+Hamed+K%3BShier%2C+W+T%3BGronwald%2C+John+W%3BLee%2C+Y+W&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=Hamed&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimutagenic potential of homoisoflavonoids from Muscari racemosum. AN - 71940946; 12127240 AB - The potential antimutagenic effect of the plant extract of Muscari racemosum bulbs, rich on 3-benzylidene-4-chromanones, was evaluated on three genetic model organisms. The mixture of three homoisoflavonoids was applied together with diagnostic mutagens in the Ames assay on four bacterial strains Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102, in the toxicity and mutagenicity/antimutagenicity assay on the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7, and in the simultaneous phytotoxicity and clastogenicity/anticlastogenicity assay on Vicia sativa (L.). The extract exerted antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects due to the presence of homoisoflavonoids, which may be included in the group of natural antimutagens. This genotoxicological study suggests that homoisoflavonoids from M. racemosum (L.) owing to antimutagenic and anticlastogenic properties are of great pharmacological importance, and might be beneficial for prevention of cancer. JF - Journal of ethnopharmacology AU - Miadoková, Eva AU - Masterová, Irena AU - Vlcková, Viera AU - Dúhová, Viola AU - Tóth, Jaroslav AD - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia. miadokova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 381 EP - 386 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0378-8741, 0378-8741 KW - Antimutagenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Isoflavones KW - Plant Extracts KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Molecular Structure KW - Plant Structures KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Vicia sativa -- genetics KW - Vicia sativa -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Liliaceae -- chemistry KW - Isoflavones -- pharmacology KW - Isoflavones -- chemistry KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- chemistry KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Plant Extracts -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71940946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+ethnopharmacology&rft.atitle=Antimutagenic+potential+of+homoisoflavonoids+from+Muscari+racemosum.&rft.au=Miadokov%C3%A1%2C+Eva%3BMasterov%C3%A1%2C+Irena%3BVlckov%C3%A1%2C+Viera%3BD%C3%BAhov%C3%A1%2C+Viola%3BT%C3%B3th%2C+Jaroslav&rft.aulast=Miadokov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+ethnopharmacology&rft.issn=03788741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of a cytochrome P-450 is a determinant of trichothecene diversity in Fusarium species. AN - 71923340; 12135578 AB - Species of the genus Fusarium produce a great diversity of agriculturally important trichothecene toxins that differ from each other in their pattern of oxygenation and esterification. T-2 toxin, produced by Fusarium sporotrichioides, and nivalenol (NIV), produced by some strains of F. graminearum, contain an oxygen at the C-4 position. Deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by other strains of F. graminearum, lacks a C-4 oxygen. NIV and DON are identical except for this difference, whereas T-2 differs from these trichothecenes at three other carbon positions. Sequence and Northern analyses of the F. sporotrichioides genomic region upstream of the previously described core trichothecene gene cluster have extended the cluster by two genes: TRI13 and TRI14. TRI13 shares significant similarity with the cytochrome P-450 class of enzymes, but TRI14 does not share similarity with any previously characterized proteins. Gene disruption and fermentation studies in F. sporotrichioides indicate that TRI13 is required for the addition of the C-4 oxygen of T-2 toxin, but that TRI14 is not required for trichothecene biosynthesis. PCR and sequence analyses indicate that the TRI13 homolog is functional in NIV-producing strains of F. graminearum but nonfunctional in DON-producing strains of the fungus. These genetic observations are consistent with chemical observations that biosynthesis of T-2 toxin and NIV requires a C-4 hydroxylase while biosynthesis of DON does not. JF - Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B AU - Brown, Daren W AU - McCormick, Susan P AU - Alexander, Nancy J AU - Proctor, Robert H AU - Desjardins, Anne E AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA. browndw@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 224 EP - 233 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 1087-1845, 1087-1845 KW - Codon, Initiator KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors KW - DNA, Fungal KW - DNA, Intergenic KW - Trichothecenes KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA, Fungal -- analysis KW - Phylogeny KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Genes, Fungal KW - T-2 Toxin -- biosynthesis KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - DNA, Intergenic -- genetics KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - T-2 Toxin -- genetics KW - Multigene Family -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- classification KW - Trichothecenes -- chemistry KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Trichothecenes -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71923340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+a+cytochrome+P-450+is+a+determinant+of+trichothecene+diversity+in+Fusarium+species.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Daren+W%3BMcCormick%2C+Susan+P%3BAlexander%2C+Nancy+J%3BProctor%2C+Robert+H%3BDesjardins%2C+Anne+E&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Daren&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY057843; GENBANK; AY057842; AF359360; AY057844; AY057841; AF359361 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of agricultural activities on the mineralogy of soil clays AN - 51861751; 2004-021180 JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Fialips, C I AU - Righi, D AU - Potter, K N AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 232 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 66 IS - 15A SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - clay mineralogy KW - Vertisols KW - beidellite KW - infrared spectra KW - FTIR spectra KW - mica group KW - carbon KW - spectra KW - ion exchange KW - organic carbon KW - geochemistry KW - montmorillonite KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - sequestration KW - prairies KW - agriculture KW - smectite KW - Texas KW - kaolinite KW - clay minerals KW - Temple Texas KW - Bell County Texas KW - sheet silicates KW - mixed-layer minerals KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51861751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Effect+of+agricultural+activities+on+the+mineralogy+of+soil+clays&rft.au=Fialips%2C+C+I%3BRighi%2C+D%3BPotter%2C+K+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fialips&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=15A&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual V. M. Goldschmidt conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; beidellite; Bell County Texas; carbon; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; experimental studies; FTIR spectra; geochemistry; infrared spectra; ion exchange; kaolinite; land use; mica group; mixed-layer minerals; montmorillonite; organic carbon; prairies; sequestration; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; soils; spectra; Temple Texas; Texas; United States; Vertisols; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The cost of soil erosion to downstream navigation AN - 51851559; 2004-038788 AB - The objective of this work is to estimate how changes in soil conservation affect costs to downstream navigation. Models are developed to account for the hydrology and the subsequent flow of sediment within the conterminous states. The hydrologic models, along with detailed data on the location and costs of dredged harbors and shipping channels, provide an avenue for approximating erosion's impact on navigation costs. Results indicate that a ton of eroded soil in some areas imposes no costs to navigation, while costs reach $5 per ton in other areas. Costs vary significantly across relatively small geographic areas because some watersheds affect no downstream shipping channels or harbors, while others affect major shipping areas and can have high sediment disposal costs. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Hansen, LeRoy T AU - Breneman, Vince E AU - Davison, Cecil W AU - Dicken, Chris W Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 205 EP - 212 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, [varies] VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - Chesapeake Bay KW - New Orleans Louisiana KW - Great Lakes region KW - erosion KW - impact statements KW - watersheds KW - transportation KW - environmental management KW - California KW - dredging KW - conservation KW - drainage basins KW - Mississippi River KW - Louisiana KW - soil erosion KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - sediment transport KW - human activity KW - sedimentation KW - harbors KW - agriculture KW - channels KW - rivers KW - cost KW - models KW - New York City New York KW - New York KW - Orleans Parish Louisiana KW - San Francisco Bay region KW - planning KW - regional KW - mathematical methods KW - fluvial features KW - economics KW - fluvial environment KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51851559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=The+cost+of+soil+erosion+to+downstream+navigation&rft.au=Hansen%2C+LeRoy+T%3BBreneman%2C+Vince+E%3BDavison%2C+Cecil+W%3BDicken%2C+Chris+W&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=LeRoy&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Document feature - sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; California; channels; Chesapeake Bay; conservation; cost; drainage basins; dredging; economics; environmental management; erosion; fluvial environment; fluvial features; Great Lakes region; harbors; human activity; hydrology; impact statements; land use; Louisiana; mathematical methods; Mississippi River; models; New Orleans Louisiana; New York; New York City New York; North America; Orleans Parish Louisiana; planning; regional; rivers; San Francisco Bay region; sediment transport; sedimentation; soil erosion; soils; transportation; United States; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stormwater Runoff Treatment Systems Utilizing Wet Ponds and Created Wetlands AN - 19807859; 5469805 AB - Cities and towns that have surface water as the source for their water supply systems typically have a greater potential for pollution of these supplies then if they had ground water sources. Generally surface water pollution can be categorized to either come from a point source or a nonpoint source. The origin of point sources typically can be identified. Significant point sources are often eliminated from a water supply or are treated before reaching the water supply. Nonpoint sources can be much more difficult to identify and eliminate from a water supply. The concentrations of nonpoint sources can be relatively low compared to point sources. However, the volume of runoff associated with nonpoint sources can be large resulting in significant mass loading. The larger volumes associated with nonpoint sources make it difficult to treat with conventional point source treatment systems. JF - Land and Water AU - Baumert, D J AD - USDA-NRCS Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 54 EP - 59 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0192-9453, 0192-9453 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Surface water KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Water supplies KW - Ponds KW - Water pollution control KW - Water quality control KW - Water treatment KW - Stormwater runoff KW - towns KW - Stormwater management KW - Wetlands KW - Groundwater KW - Urban areas KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19807859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Land+and+Water&rft.atitle=Stormwater+Runoff+Treatment+Systems+Utilizing+Wet+Ponds+and+Created+Wetlands&rft.au=Baumert%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Baumert&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Land+and+Water&rft.issn=01929453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stormwater runoff; Surface water; towns; Wetlands; Groundwater; Nonpoint pollution; Water supplies; Ponds; Urban areas; Water quality control; Water pollution control; Water treatment; Stormwater management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DIETARY OVERLAP BETWEEN WOLVES AND COYOTES IN NORTHWESTERN MONTANA AN - 19338520; 8696889 AB - We studied effects of recolonizing wolves (Canis lupus) in the North Fork of the Flathead area of northwestern Montana on the diets of coyotes (C. latrans) from 1994 to 1997. Wolf and coyote diets differed in frequency of occurrence of prey species during 3 of the 4 summers and winters (P 45 kg) prey species and coyotes, small (<2 kg) prey (P < 0.001). Wolves selected a larger proportion of adults (P < 0.001), whereas coyotes selected a larger proportion of juveniles (P < 0.001) during summer. We believe that differential use of food resources facilitates coexistence of wolves and coyotes in the North Fork of the Flathead area. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Arjo, Wendy M AU - Pletscher, Daniel H AU - Ream, Robert R AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 9730-B Lathrop Industrial Drive, Olympia, WA 98512 (WMA), wendy.m.arjo@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 754 EP - 766 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 83 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - food habits KW - coexistence KW - coyote KW - Montana KW - partitioning KW - recolonization KW - wolf KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Diets KW - Cervus elaphus KW - Coexistence KW - Canis lupus KW - Prey KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19338520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Dissipation+of+the+defoliant+tribufos+in+cotton-producing+soils.&rft.au=Potter%2C+Thomas+L%3BReddy%2C+Krishna+N%3BMillhollen%2C+Eddie+P%3BBednarz%2C+Craig+W%3BBosch%2C+David+D%3BTruman%2C+Clint+C%3BStrickland%2C+Timothy&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-06-19&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=3795&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Coexistence; Prey; Odocoileus virginianus; Cervus elaphus; Canis lupus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0754:DOBWAC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of a landslide-induced sediment wave in the Navarro River, California AN - 18926160; 5567161 AB - A streamside landslide delivered 60 000 m super(3) of mixed-size sediment to the Navarro River, a sinuous gravel-bed channel (drainage area = 535 km super(2)), at the end of the annual high-runoff period in spring 1995. The deposit formed a 9-m-high dam that partially breached within several hours, but recessional flows entrained little material until the following high-runoff season. The landslide afforded the opportunity to measure the evolution of a sediment wave from its inception to near-obliteration and, particularly, to test relative tendencies for translation and dispersion of a sediment wave in a natural gravel-bed channel. This study represents a simple case: The wave originated from a single input, the preexisting channel was relatively uniform, and resistant banks prevented adjustments in width. We surveyed channel topography over a 1.5-4.5 km reach centered on the landslide dam each year from 1995 to 1999, and we sampled bed material downstream of the dam in 1995 and 1997. Landslide material was coarser than ambient bed material, but all sizes were mobilized by subsequent peak flows. Abrasion of weathered and fractured graywacke sandstone landslide material was roughly an order of magnitude greater than the ambient river gravel. The sediment wave dispersed and mostly disappeared within a few years with no measurable translation. Sediment filled the reservoir created by the eroding landslide dam until throughput of bed load was restored in 1998. The stationary wave crest eroded until in 1999 it was <1 m higher than the preslide elevation. As the wave profile flattened, its detectable leading edge extended downstream from 620 m in 1995 to similar to 1600 m in 1997. Downstream advance of the wave was associated with coarsening of bed material. The sediment wave created a longitudinal disturbance in sediment transport. By using the dam as a reference datum of zero bed-load transport, we computed longitudinal variations in annual bed-load and suspended-sediment transport rates in 100 m increments downstream of the dam. These longitudinal variations were controlled by scour and fill of the bed and by abrasion of bed-load particles. Bed-load transport rates in the first and second years after the landslide increased in the landslide vicinity and then decreased downstream as sediment deposited behind the advancing leading edge of the wave. The location of peak bed-load transport rate advanced from the first year (400 m) to the second (800 m). We used a physically based, one-dimensional model (Cui et al., 2002b) to hindcast annual changes in transversely averaged bed elevation over the study reach. Agreement between measured and predicted bed elevations was very good. This result supports our conclusion that, once emplaced, sediment waves in gravel-bed rivers tend to disperse, with little or no translation. JF - Bulletin of the Geological Society of America AU - Sutherland, D G AU - Ball, M H AU - Hilton, S J AU - Lisle, TE AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, California 95521, USA, dsutherl@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 1036 EP - 1048 VL - 114 IS - 8 SN - 0016-7606, 0016-7606 KW - Sediment waves KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Rivers KW - Gravel KW - Gravel waves KW - Sandstone KW - Freshwater KW - USA, California, Navarro R. KW - Mass movement KW - Sediment movement KW - Landslides KW - Wave crests KW - Bed load KW - Sedimentary structures KW - Sediment transport KW - Sediment load KW - Scour and fill KW - Runoff KW - River beds KW - Q2 09283:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18926160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+a+landslide-induced+sediment+wave+in+the+Navarro+River%2C+California&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+D+G%3BBall%2C+M+H%3BHilton%2C+S+J%3BLisle%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1036&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Gravel waves; Gravel; Sandstone; Mass movement; Sediment movement; Landslides; Wave crests; Bed load; Sedimentary structures; Sediment transport; Sediment load; Scour and fill; Runoff; River beds; USA, California, Navarro R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defining phases of bedload transport using piecewise regression AN - 18916602; 5456500 AB - Differences in the transport rate and size of bedload exist for varying levels of flow in coarse-grained channels. For gravel-bed rivers, at least two phases of bedload transport, with notably differing qualities, have been described in the literature. Phase I consists primarily of sand and small gravel moving at relatively low rates over a stable channel surface. Transport rates during Phase II are considerably greater than Phase I and more coarse grains are moved, including material from both the channel surface and subsurface. Transition from Phase I to Phase II indicates initiation and transport of grains comprising the coarse surface layer common in steep mountain channels. While the existence of different phases of transport is generally acknowledged, the threshold between them is often poorly defined. We present the results of the application of a piecewise regression analysis to data on bedload transport collected at 12 gravel-bed channels in Colorado and Wyoming, USA. The piecewise regression recognizes the existence of different linear relationships over different ranges of discharge. The inflection, where the fitted functions intersect, is interpreted as the point of transition from Phase I to Phase II transport; this is termed breakpoint. A comparison of grain sizes moved during the two phases shows that coarse gravel is rarely trapped in the samplers during Phase I transport, indicating negligible movement of grains in this size range. Gravel larger than about D sub(16) of the channel surface is more consistently trapped during Phase II transport. The persistence of coarse gravel in bedload samples provides good evidence that conditions suitable for coarse grain transport have been reached, even though the size of the sediment approaches the size limits of the sampler (76 mm in all cases). A relative breakpoint (R sub(br)) was defined by the ratio between the discharge at the breakpoint and the 1.5-year flow (a surrogate for bankfull discharge) expressed as a percentage. The median value of R sub(br) was about 80 percent, suggesting that Phase II begins at about 80 percent of the bankfull discharge, though the observed values of R sub(br) ranged from about 60 to 100 percent. Variation in this value appears to be independent of drainage area, median grain size, sorting of bed materials, and channel gradient, at least for the range of parameters measured in 12 gravel-bed channels. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Ryan, SE AU - Porth, L S AU - Troendle, CA AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 222 S. 22nd St., Laramie, WY 82070, USA, sryanburkett@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 971 EP - 990 VL - 27 IS - 9 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Alluvial Rivers KW - Regression Analysis KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Bed Load KW - Particle Size KW - Catchment Areas KW - Freshwater KW - Channels KW - USA, Colorado KW - Bed load KW - Grain size KW - Regression analysis KW - Sediment Sorting KW - Sediment sorting KW - River Flow KW - Sediment transport KW - Sedimentation KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18916602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Defining+phases+of+bedload+transport+using+piecewise+regression&rft.au=Ryan%2C+SE%3BPorth%2C+L+S%3BTroendle%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.387 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Channels; Bed load; Grain size; Regression analysis; Sediment sorting; Sediment transport; Alluvial Rivers; Sediment Transport; Regression Analysis; Particle Size; Bed Load; Catchment Areas; Sediment Sorting; River Flow; Sedimentation; USA, Colorado; USA, Wyoming; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.387 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A riffle stability index to evaluate sediment loading to streams AN - 18909057; 5467476 AB - Riffles in moderately entrenched stream reaches with gradients of 2 percent to 4 percent that have received excessive sediment from upstream have a distinctly different and higher proportion of smaller mobile particles than riffles in systems that are in dynamic equilibrium. The mobile fraction on the riffle can be estimated by comparing the relative abundance of various particle sizes present on the riffle with the dominant large particles on an adjacent bar. Riffle particles smaller than the dominant large particles on the bar are interpreted as mobile. The mobile percentile of particles on the riffle is termed "Riffle Stability Index" (RSI) and provides a useful estimate of the degree of increased sediment supply to riffles in mountain streams. The RSI addresses situations in which increases in gravel bedload from headwaters activities is depositing material on riffles and filling pools, and it reflects qualitative differences between reference and managed watersheds. The RSI correlates well with other measures of stream channel physical condition, such as V* and the results of fish habitat surveys. Thus, it can be used as an indicator of stream reach and watershed condition and also of aquatic habitat quality. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Kappesser, G B AD - USDA Forest Service, George Washington and Jefferson National Forests, 5162 Valley Pointe Parkway, Roanoke, VA 24019, USA, gkappesser@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1069 EP - 1082 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q2 02264:Sediments and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18909057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=A+riffle+stability+index+to+evaluate+sediment+loading+to+streams&rft.au=Kappesser%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Kappesser&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interspecific competition and coexistence between ants and land hermit crabs on small Bahamian islands AN - 18655671; 5542869 AB - Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of intra- and interspecific competition among ants, but few have investigated direct competitive interactions between ants and other taxa. In this paper, I present the first evidence of direct competitive interactions between ants and crabs. Evidence of competition for food between ants and the land hermit crab, Coenobita clypeatus (Herbst), was derived from observations and experiments in an archipelago of small islands in the central Exumas, Bahamas. Correlational evidence of competition for food based on occurrences at baits was found between ants and hermit crabs in multiple years. Observations at baits over time revealed species turnover occurred due to aggressive interactions. C. clypeatus discovered food items rapidly, but lost control of food over time, particularly to the ant Brachymyrmex obscurior Forel, which took longer to find food items but recruited large numbers of workers that drove off hermit crabs. A second ant species, Dorymyrmex pyramicus Roger, discovered baits quickly but did not recruit to baits in large numbers, and was not a superior competitor to either C. clypeatus or B. obscurior. Competition between ants and land hermit crabs was not intense enough to cause complementary distributions, and mechanisms of coexistence apparently include temporal variation in foraging activity and complementary foraging strategies when ants and crabs are active at the same time. Because of the widespread distributions and generalist scavenger diets of many ants and crabs, such competitive interactions are likely to be a common facet of many tropical and subtropical insular and coastal communities. JF - Acta Oecologica AU - Morrison, L W AD - Section of Evolution and Ecology, Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 223 EP - 229 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1146-609X, 1146-609X KW - Ants KW - Land hermit KW - Land hermit crab KW - ant KW - semi-terrestrial hermit crab KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Oceanic islands KW - Coenobita clypeatus KW - Formicidae KW - Food availability KW - Dorymyrmex pyramicus KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Bahamas, Exuma Cays KW - Bahamas KW - Coastal zone KW - Islands KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Aggressive behaviour KW - Tropical environment KW - Brachymyrmex obscurior KW - Competition KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04665:Crustaceans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18655671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Oecologica&rft.atitle=Interspecific+competition+and+coexistence+between+ants+and+land+hermit+crabs+on+small+Bahamian+islands&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Oecologica&rft.issn=1146609X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1146-609X%2802%2901136-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oceanic islands; Coastal zone; Interspecific relationships; Aggressive behaviour; Food availability; Competition; Islands; Tropical environment; Dorymyrmex pyramicus; Coenobita clypeatus; Formicidae; Brachymyrmex obscurior; Bahamas; ASW, Caribbean Sea, Bahamas, Exuma Cays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1146-609X(02)01136-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the USDA Poa pratensis collection using RAPD markers and agronomic descriptors AN - 18625807; 5531344 AB - Characterization of germplasm collections is critical to assess collection diversity and enhance utilization. A Poa pratensis L. germplasm collection of 228 accessions representing 26 countries, along with 17 commercial check cultivars, was characterized using 86 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and 17 agronomic descriptors. The Dice similarity coefficient used for RAPD data ranged from 0.56 to 0.95 and average Euclidean distance used for agronomic data ranged from 0.28 to 2.52. No two accessions had a similarity of one or a distance of zero, showing there were no duplicate entries. Cluster analysis of RAPD data using the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) revealed 11 accessions with particularly low similarity values. These were subsequently found to be misidentified Poa species (one each of P. alpina, P. compressa, P. glauca, P. urssulensis and seven P. trivialis). For RAPD data, 62% of the entries were in one large cluster with 46 additional clusters containing one to 13 accessions. For agronomic data, 89% of the entries were in four main clusters. This clustering pattern for RAPD and agronomic data suggested unique genotypes were generally under represented in the collection. The agronomic-based clusters showed some broad separation by accession origin, but in general, origin did not correspond closely with the clustering pattern. The correlation between the RAPD and agronomic-based distance matrices, excluding misidentified accessions, was highly significant (P<0.01) (n = 234, r = -0.14). However, the correlation represented a relatively small fraction of the total variation, indicating that both molecular and agronomic characterizations were needed to assess overall diversity. JF - Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution AU - Johnson, R C AU - Johnston, W J AU - Golob, C T AU - Nelson, M C AU - Soreng, R J AD - USDA, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA, rcjohnson@wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 349 EP - 361 VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0925-9864, 0925-9864 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18625807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetic+Resources+and+Crop+Evolution&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+USDA+Poa+pratensis+collection+using+RAPD+markers+and+agronomic+descriptors&rft.au=Johnson%2C+R+C%3BJohnston%2C+W+J%3BGolob%2C+C+T%3BNelson%2C+M+C%3BSoreng%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=417&rft.issue=6892&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purine metabolizing capability of Enterobacter agglomerans affects volatiles production and attractiveness to Mexican fruit fly AN - 18621776; 5525785 AB - We investigated two strains of Enterobacter agglomerans that differ in their ability to metabolize uric acid for (1) attractiveness to sugar-fed Mexican fruit flies, and (2) production of volatile chemicals that may be responsible for the attractiveness. The two strains were cultured on a medium that contained uric acid as the primary nitrogen source to simulate bird feces, a natural substrate for this bacterium. Active cultures of both strains were more attractive than uninoculated uric acid medium to both sexes of sugar-fed flies in wind-tunnel bioassays. The uricase(+) strain was more attractive than the uricase(-) strain to males and to females <9 days old, but not to older females. Volatiles found by solid-phase microextraction in greater amounts in headspace above active cultures of both strains than above uninoculated medium were ammonia, dimethyldisulfide, 3-methylbutanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and trimethylpyrazine. The uricase(+) strain produced more ammonia, dimethyldisulfide, and trimethylpyrazine than the uricase(-) strain. An additional chemical, 3-hydroxybutanone, appears to be produced exclusively by the uricase(+) strain. The uricase(-) strain produced more 2-phenylethanol than the uricase(+) strain. Differences in volatiles are consistent with the generally greater attractiveness of the uricase(+) strain compared with the uricase(-) strain as ammonia, 3-hydroxybutanone, and trimethylpyrazine have been demonstrated attractive to sugar-fed Mexican fruit flies. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Lauzon, C R AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Research, ARS, USDA 2413 E. Highway 83, Building 200, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, drobacker@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1549 EP - 1563 VL - 28 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - Tephritidae KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02910:Miscellaneous topics KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18621776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Purine+metabolizing+capability+of+Enterobacter+agglomerans+affects+volatiles+production+and+attractiveness+to+Mexican+fruit+fly&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BLauzon%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence, aggressiveness and In Planta interactions of Botrytis cinerea and other filamentous fungi quiescent in grape berries and dormant buds in Central Washington State AN - 18619477; 5513429 AB - Recovery of quiescent filamentous fungi from non-symptomatic grape berries and dormant buds demonstrated dominance of Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Ulocladium and other dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Up to 78% of berries contained fungi prior to harvest. Botrytis cinerea was recovered from 0.2 to 0.5% of surface-disinfested berries just subsequent to fruit set, and 1.6-4.8% of surface-disinfested, over-wintered dormant buds. In laboratory inoculations of mature grape berries with strains of Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Ulocladium and Botrytis, only the latter was aggressive in rotting berry fruits. Inoculations with B. cinerea alone and in combination with strains of Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium and Ulocladium recovered from grape demonstrated that prior occupation of wound sites by the latter fungi resulted in reduced lesion size compared to inoculation with B. cinerea alone. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Dugan, F M AU - Lupien, S L AU - Grove, G G AD - USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA, fdugan@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 375 EP - 381 VL - 150 IS - 7 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - aggressiveness KW - filamentous fungi KW - grapes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18619477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Incidence%2C+aggressiveness+and+In+Planta+interactions+of+Botrytis+cinerea+and+other+filamentous+fungi+quiescent+in+grape+berries+and+dormant+buds+in+Central+Washington+State&rft.au=Dugan%2C+F+M%3BLupien%2C+S+L%3BGrove%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kairomone strains of Euclytia flava (Townsend), a parasitoid of stink bugs AN - 18619114; 5525786 AB - Tachinid flies commonly use the pheromones and allomones of stink bugs (Pentatomidae) as host-finding kairomones. Pheromone-baited traps for predaceous (Podisus spp.) and phytophagous (Euschistus spp.) pentatomids were used to obtain tachinid parasitoids in order to study the semiochemical relationships between these parasitic flies and their stink bug hosts. Gas chromatography-electroantennogram detector (GC-EAD) experiments and field tests were conducted to determine if pheromone strains of the tachinids, Euclytia flava and Hemyda aurata, occur in nature and to determine if the EAD-active compound, (E)-2-octenal (a common allomone compound of Heteroptera), affects attraction of tachinid parasitoids to synthetic Podisus pheromones. Addition of (E)-2-octenal to Podisus spp. synthetic pheromones in field traps tended to suppress attraction of the bugs, whereas (E)-2-octenal decreased, did not affect, or increased pheromonal attraction of tachinid parasitoids depending on the host species pheromone being tested and the habitat type in which the traps were deployed. Evidence from GC-EAD experiments of E. flava associated with different stink bug hosts suggested that kairomone-strains of this tachinid parasitoid coexist naturally. The significance of cryptic kairomone strains of parasitoids for classical biological control is discussed, and the mechanisms whereby parasitoids evolve kairomonally mediated host-shifts is considered. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Aldrich, J R AU - Zhang, A AD - USDA-ARS Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, aldrichj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1565 EP - 1582 VL - 28 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 2-Octenal KW - Diptera KW - Stink bugs KW - Tachinid flies KW - True bugs KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18008:Pheromones & other infochemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18619114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Kairomone+strains+of+Euclytia+flava+%28Townsend%29%2C+a+parasitoid+of+stink+bugs&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+J+R%3BZhang%2C+A&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw additions on selected properties of petroleum-contaminated soils AN - 18609303; 5513457 AB - Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contaminants as quickly and efficiently as possible, but not necessarily with postremediation soil biological quality as a primary objective. To test a simple postbioremediation technique, we added earthworms (Eisenia fetida) or wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw to petroleum land-farm soil and measured biological quality of the soil as responses in plant growth, soil respiration, and oil and grease (O&G) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations. Results indicated that plant growth was greater in earthworm-treated land-farm soil. Furthermore, addition of wheat straw resulted in greater total respiration in all soils tested (land-farm soil, noncontaminated reference soil, and a 1:1 mixture of land-farm and reference soils). We observed a 30% increase in soil respiration in straw-amended oily soil, whereas respiration increased by 246% in straw-amended reference soil. Much of the difference between oily and reference soils was attributable to higher basal respiration rates of nonamended oily soil compared to nonamended reference soil. Addition of earthworms resulted in greater total respiration of all soil and straw treatments except two (the land-farm and the 1:1 mixture soil treatments without straw). Straw and earthworm treatments did not affect O&G or TPH concentrations. Nevertheless, our findings that earthworm additions improved plant growth and that straw additions enhanced microbial activity in land-farm soil suggest that these treatments may be compatible with plant-based remediation techniques currently under evaluation in field trials, and could reduce the time required to restore soil ecosystem function. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Callaham, MA Jr AU - Stewart, A J AU - Alarcon, C AU - McMillen, S J AD - USDA Forest Service, 233 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA, mcallaham@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1658 EP - 1663 VL - 21 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Wheat KW - microbial activity KW - remediation KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18609303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+earthworm+%28Eisenia+fetida%29+and+wheat+%28Triticum+aestivum%29+straw+additions+on+selected+properties+of+petroleum-contaminated+soils&rft.au=Callaham%2C+MA+Jr%3BStewart%2C+A+J%3BAlarcon%2C+C%3BMcMillen%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Callaham&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1658&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Contribution of fitness and activity to childhood obesity among hispanic siblings AN - 18508823; 5474492 AB - To determine the relative contribution of the environment and genetics to childhood obesity, obese Hispanic children and their biological siblings are being phenotyped in the Viva La Familia study. Herewithin, the contribution of activity and fitness to childhood obesity is tested in 351 Hispanic children. Families are ascertained on an obese child with BMI>95 super(th) percentile and percent fat mass>85 super(th) percentile. Body composition is measured by DXA. Fitness is assessed by a VO sub(2)peak test on a treadmill. Activity is monitored for 3-d using a Mini-Mitter Actiwatch. Adjusted for age, sex, and FFM, VO sub(2)peak was significantly lower in obese than nonobese boys. Activity counts did not differ by obesity status. Obese children spent slightly more time in sedentary activities and less time in light activities than their nonobese siblings, while the time spent in moderate and vigorous activities did not differ by obesity status. Conclusion: Physical activity and fitness were not necessarily lower in obese children compared with their nonobese siblings. JF - International Journal of Obesity AU - Butte, N AU - Ellis, K AU - Bacino, C AU - Puyau, M AU - Adolph, A AU - Vohra, F AU - Cole, S AU - Martin, L AU - Comuzzie, A Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1 PB - Nature Publishing Group, Brunel Road Houndmills Basingstoke Hampshire RG21 6XS UK, [URL:http://www.naturesj.com/ijo/] VL - 26 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18508823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+fitness+and+activity+to+childhood+obesity+among+hispanic+siblings&rft.au=Butte%2C+N%3BEllis%2C+K%3BBacino%2C+C%3BPuyau%2C+M%3BAdolph%2C+A%3BVohra%2C+F%3BCole%2C+S%3BMartin%2C+L%3BComuzzie%2C+A&rft.aulast=Butte&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.issn=03070565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pear Transformed with a Lytic Peptide Gene for Disease Control Affects Nontarget Organism, Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) AN - 18491104; 5459969 AB - The biology and behavior of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, on a transgenic clone of 'Bartlett' pear, Pyrus communis L., containing a synthetic antimicrobial gene, D5C1 , was compared with that of a nontransgenic parental clone to determine whether there were any nontarget effects. The gene construct also contained the marker gene nptII (aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase II) that encodes for antibiotic resistance to identify transformed plants. The purpose of the original transformation was to enhance pear resistance to the bacterial disease fireblight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al. The biology and behavior of pear psylla on a transgenic clone were compared with a nontransgenic parental pear clone in short- (~,7-d) and long-term (32-d) studies. Short-term studies indicated pear psylla adults preferred to settle and oviposit, and nymphs fed more and developed slightly faster, on transgenic pear compared with nontransgenic pear. In contrast, a long-term study on psylla colony development showed considerably fewer eggs, nymphs, and adults were produced on transgenic pear. Although adults reared on transgenic pear did not have weight affected, females produced fewer eggs and nymphal hatch was significantly reduced on the transgenic pear clone. Our results suggest that pear psylla biology and behavior are initially enhanced on this transgenic pear clone. However, chronic exposure of psylla populations to transformed pear plants that express the nptII marker and lytic peptide genes had detrimental effects on pear psylla reproductive biology. Field studies would be required to determine the specific effects of each gene on pear psylla biology and behavior and whether these effects would be expressed under natural conditions. The four-fold reduction in psylla population levels that resulted on this disease resistant transgenic pear line would be an added benefit to a pear integrated pest management (IPM) program. Overall, this study demonstrates that genetically altering plants to control one particular organism can have unintentional yet beneficial effects against other nontarget pest organisms in agricultural crops. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Puterka, G J AU - Bocchetti, C AU - Dang, P AU - Bell, R L AU - Scorza, R Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 797 EP - 802 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Homoptera KW - Jumping plantlice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18491104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Pear+Transformed+with+a+Lytic+Peptide+Gene+for+Disease+Control+Affects+Nontarget+Organism%2C+Pear+Psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29&rft.au=Puterka%2C+G+J%3BBocchetti%2C+C%3BDang%2C+P%3BBell%2C+R+L%3BScorza%2C+R&rft.aulast=Puterka&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=797&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282002%29095%280797%3APTWALP%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=95&page=797 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2002)095(0797:PTWALP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation of Predatory Arthropods in Cotton: Role of Action Thresholds for Bemisia Tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) AN - 18490412; 5459953 AB - Studies were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to examine the effects of a range of action thresholds for managing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Biotype B (=B. argentifolii Bellows & Perring) with insecticides in cotton on populations of arthropod predators in Imperial Valley, CA, and Maricopa, AZ. Application of insecticides significantly reduced population densities of spiders, Geocoris punctipes (Say), G. pallens (Staal), Orius tristicolor (White), Nabis alternatus Parshley, Zelus renardii Kolenati, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, Spanogonicus albofasciatus (Reuter), Drapetis sp., and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens in one or both years and sites compared with untreated controls. Use of higher B. tabaci thresholds conserved some species and groups relative to lower thresholds. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that reductions in predator populations were generally influenced more strongly by the timing of the first insecticide application than by the total number of sprays necessary to maintain suppression of the pest below any given action threshold. A predation index, which weights the importance of each predator species based on their known frequency of predation on B. tabaci and another key pest, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), was developed and analyzed. Patterns were similar to results based on changes in abundance alone, but the index generally revealed less severe effects of insecticides on overall predator function. The current action threshold for conventional insecticidal control of B. tabaci in Arizona and southern California is five adults per leaf. Results here suggest that predator conservation may be enhanced by raising the initial threshold to delay the first application or initially using more selective materials such as insect growth regulators. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Naranjo, SE AU - Ellsworth, P C AU - Chu, C C AU - Henneberry, T J AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 East Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, snaranjo@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 682 EP - 691 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Treehoppers KW - Whiteflies KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18490412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Conservation+of+Predatory+Arthropods+in+Cotton%3A+Role+of+Action+Thresholds+for+Bemisia+Tabaci+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE%3BEllsworth%2C+P+C%3BChu%2C+C+C%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=682&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282002%29095%280682%3ACOPAIC%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=95&page=682 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2002)095(0682:COPAIC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutation of rpiA in Enterobacter cloacae Decreases Seed and Root Colonization and Biocontrol of Damping-Off Caused by Pythium ultimum on Cucumber AN - 18477911; 5451912 AB - Strains of Enterobacter cloacae show promise as biocontrol agents for Pythium ultimum-induced damping-off on cucumber and other crops. E. cloacae A145 is a mini-Tn5 Km transposon mutant of strain 501R3 that was significantly reduced in suppression of damping-off on cucumber caused by P. ultimum. Strain A145 was deficient in colonization of cucumber, sunflower, and wheat seeds and significantly reduced in colonization of corn and cowpea seeds relative to strain 501R3. Populations of strain A145 were also significantly lower than those of strain 501R3 at all sampling times in cucumber, wheat, and sunflower rhizosphere. Populations of strain A145 were not detectable in any rhizosphere after 42 days, while populations of strain 501R3 remained at substantial levels throughout all experiments. Molecular characterization of strain A145 indicated mini-Tn5 Km was inserted in a region of the E. cloacae genome with a high degree of DNA and amino acid sequence similarity to rpiA, which encodes ribose-5-phosphate isomerase. In Escherichia coli, RpiA catalyzes the interconversion of ribose-5-phosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate and is a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity in cell lysates from strain A145 was approximately 3.5% of that from strain 501R3. In addition, strain A145 was a ribose auxotroph, as expected for an rpiA mutant. Introduction of a 1.0-kb DNA fragment containing only the rpiA homologue into strain A145 restored ribose phosphate isomerase activity, prototrophy, seedling colonization, and disease suppression to levels similar to those associated with strain 501R3. Experiments reported here indicate a key role for rpiA and possibly the pentose phosphate pathway in suppression of damping-off and colonization of subterranean portions of plants by E. cloacae. JF - Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions AU - Lohrke, S M AU - Dery, P D AU - Li, Wei AU - Reedy, R AU - Kobayashi, D Y AU - Roberts, D P AD - Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Building 001, Room 140, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, robertsd@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 817 EP - 825 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - ribose-5-phosphate KW - rpiA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18477911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.atitle=Mutation+of+rpiA+in+Enterobacter+cloacae+Decreases+Seed+and+Root+Colonization+and+Biocontrol+of+Damping-Off+Caused+by+Pythium+ultimum+on+Cucumber&rft.au=Lohrke%2C+S+M%3BDery%2C+P+D%3BLi%2C+Wei%3BReedy%2C+R%3BKobayashi%2C+D+Y%3BRoberts%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Lohrke&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a coupled enzyme assay for the measurement of alternanase activity AN - 18476372; 5445530 AB - Alternanase, an endoglucanase that hydrolyzes the bacterial exopolysaccharide alternan, will also hydrolyze the trisaccharide, panose, to produce glucose and a disaccharide that can be formed into a novel, cyclic tetrasaccharide. The glucose can then be selectively and quantitatively measured by enzyme-based reaction which forms the basis of a coupled enzyme assay to quantitate alternanase activity. By this method a preparation of alternanase purified by affinity chromatography on immobilized isomaltose had a maximum reaction rate (V sub(max)) of 0.75 mu mol glucose min super(-1) and a K sub(m) of 34 mM for panose. Two competitive inhibitors of alternanase activity were also evaluated using this coupled enzyme assay: isomaltose had a K sub(i) of 94 mM while the cyclic tetrasaccharide had a K sub(i) of 66 mM. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Ahlgren, JA AU - Cote, G L AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA, cotegl@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 01 SP - 1277 EP - 1280 VL - 24 IS - 15 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - alternanase KW - isomaltose KW - panose KW - trisaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18476372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+coupled+enzyme+assay+for+the+measurement+of+alternanase+activity&rft.au=Ahlgren%2C+JA%3BCote%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Ahlgren&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Leaf Chemistry and Reproduction by Twospotted Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on White Clover AN - 18462526; 5439341 AB - Plant growth and yield responses to carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment are well established. Much less is known of the response of arthropod pests to CO2 enrichment. Reproductive response of twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to a range of CO2 concentrations was measured. The CO2 treatments were applied for 24 h d-1 at -395, 484, 570, 657, and 748 kLL-1 on the 14 d before and 26-27 d after infestation with mites. Eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adult mites were removed from leaves and counted 27-29 d after infestation. Leaf area and weight were measured, and leaves were analyzed to measure structural and nonstructural carbohydrates, N, amino acids and digestibility. Carbon dioxide enrichment caused linear increases in plant growth and foliar nonstructural carbohydrates, but caused linear decreases in foliar N. Carbon dioxide enrichment significantly increased the rate of mite reproduction on both clover clones. Correlations between mite population increase were significantly positive for foliar nonstructural carbohydrates and significantly negative for foliar N. Concentrations of ambient CO2 expected in the 21st century may increase the risk of mite population damage on some plant species. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Heagle, A S AU - Burns, J C AU - Fisher, D S AU - Miller, JE AD - Air Quality-Plant Growth and Development Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3908 Inwood Road, Raleigh, NC 27603, asheagle@unity.ncsu.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 594 EP - 601 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Acari KW - Spider mites KW - White clover KW - elevated carbon dioxide KW - Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - Y 25422:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - D 04660:Arachnids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18462526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Carbon+Dioxide+Enrichment+on+Leaf+Chemistry+and+Reproduction+by+Twospotted+Spider+Mites+%28Acari%3A+Tetranychidae%29+on+White+Clover&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BBurns%2C+J+C%3BFisher%2C+D+S%3BMiller%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%280469%3ADAPOPA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031(0594:EOCDEO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive model for growth of Clostridium perfringens during cooling of cooked cured chicken AN - 18455713; 5429992 AB - Estimates of the growth kinetics of Clostridium perfringens from spores at temperatures applicable to the cooling of cooked cured chicken products are presented. A model for predicting relative growth of C. perfringens from spores during cooling of cured chicken is derived using a nonlinear mixed effects analysis of the data. This statistical procedure has not been used in the predictive microbiology literature that has been written for microbiologists. However, recently software systems have been including this statistical procedure. The primary growth curves, based on the stages of cell development, identify two parameters: (1) germination, outgrowth, and lag (GOL) time, or lag phase time; and (2) exponential growth rate, egr. The mixed effects model does not consider GOL and egr as constants, but as random variables that would, in all likelihood, differ for different cooling events with the same temperature. As such, it is estimated that the egr, for a given temperature, has a CV of approximately 19%. The model obtained by the mixed effects model is compared to the one obtained by the more traditional two-stage approach. The estimated parameters from the derived models are virtually the same. The model predicts, for example, a geometric mean relative growth of about 9.4 with an upper 95% confidence limit of 21.3 when cooling the product from 51 degree C to 12 degree C in 8 h, assuming log linear decline in temperature with time. C. perfringens growth from spores was not observed at a temperature of 12 degree C for up to 3 weeks. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Juneja, V K AU - Marks, H M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 313 EP - 327 PB - Academic Press VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18455713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Predictive+model+for+growth+of+Clostridium+perfringens+during+cooling+of+cooked+cured+chicken&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BMarks%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ffmic.2002.0486 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.2002.0486 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nesting Biology Of Tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae) In Fragmented South-temperate Rainforests Of Chile AN - 18451361; 5419291 AB - We studied the effect of forest fragmentation on the nesting biology and reproductive success of three species of tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae) in relation to forest size, edge effects, and disturbance from livestock or logging over a 6-year period (1993-1999) in Chilean temperate rainforest. Overall, Mayfield nest success (n = 360) among the three species ranged from 64% to 85%, and predation accounted for 64% of nest losses. Considering all types of losses, nest mortality was similar in fragmented and unfragmented forest, but predation was higher in fragmented forest. Successful nest sites of the Chucao Tapaculo (Sclerochilus rubecula; the species with the largest sample size) were nearer forest edges, better concealed, closer to the ground, and had longer entrance tunnels, on average, than depredated nests. Reuse of nest sites by chucaos was more common in forest fragments with livestock or logging than in undisturbed forests, but reuse was independent of forest size. Success of second broods was lower in reused nest sites than in new nest sites. Nestling growth in fragmented forest and forest with livestock or logging activity was similar to that in unfragmented and undisturbed forest. Clutch size was typically two, but birds nesting at low densities in forest fragments often laid three-egg clutches following a nest failure. In addition to negative effects of forest fragmentation during nesting (greater use of less-successful nest sites, higher nest predation), there was an indication that early juvenile survival was lower in forest fragments.Original Abstract: Durante seis anos (1993-1999) estudiamos los efectos de la fragmentacion de bosques templados del sur de Chile sobre la biologia y exito reproductivo de tres especies de tapaculos (Rhynocriptidae) en relacion al tamano del fragmento boscoso, efectos de borde, y perturbacion por ganado domestico y tala de arboles. En general, el exito de nidificacion (n = 360) estimado por el metodo Mayfield para las tres especies vario entre 64% y 85%. La depredacion explico un 64% de las perdidas de nidos. Tomando en cuenta todas las causas de mortalidad, la perdida de nidos fue equivalente en bosques fragmentados y continuos, pero la depredacion fue mayor en bosques fragmentados. Los sitios de nidificacion exitosa de Sclerochilus rubecula (chucao; la especie con el mayor numero de muestras) se encontraron, en promedio, mas cerca de los bordes, mejor ocultos, mas cerca del suelo y con tuneles de entrada mas largos que los nidos depredados. La reutilizacion de nidos por parte de los chucaos fue mas comun en los fragmentos perturbados por tala de arboles o pisoteo de ganado que en bosques no perturbados, pero fue independiente del tamano del fragmento. El exito de la segunda nidada fue menor en nidos re-utilizados que en nidos nuevos. El crecimiento de los juveniles en los nidos ubicados en bosques fragmentados y perturbados fue similar al del observado en los bosques continuos no perturbados. El numero de crias de los chucaos fue tipicamente dos, pero las aves que anidaron en fragmentos boscosos, donde la densidad local era baja, frecuentemente pusieron tres huevos por nido luego de un intento de nidificacion fallido. Ademas de los efectos negativos de la fragmentacion del bosque durante el periodo de nidificacion (i.e., mayor uso de sitios de nidificacion inseguros, mayor depredacion de nidos), la sobrevivencia temprana de los juveniles seria menor en fragmentos boscosos. JF - Condor AU - De Santo, TL AU - Willson, M F AU - Sieving, KE AU - Armesto, J J AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A, Juneau AK 99801-8545, damore@gci.net Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 482 EP - 495 PB - Cooper Ornithological Society VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18451361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Nesting+Biology+Of+Tapaculos+%28Rhinocryptidae%29+In+Fragmented+South-temperate+Rainforests+Of+Chile&rft.au=De+Santo%2C+TL%3BWillson%2C+M+F%3BSieving%2C+KE%3BArmesto%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=De+Santo&rft.aufirst=TL&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0010-5422%282002%29104%280482%3ANBOTRI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0010-5422(2002)104(0482:NBOTRI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - American White Pelican Soaring Flight Times And Altitudes Relative To Changes In Thermal Depth And Intensity AN - 18447973; 5419313 AB - We compared American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) soaring flight times and altitudes to model-produced estimates of thermal depth and intensity. These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily.Original Abstract: Comparamos el tiempo y la intensidad del vuelo planeado del pelicano Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con estimaciones modeladas de la profundidad e intensidad de las corrientes termicas. Estos datos mostraron que el planeo de los pelicanos estuvo confinado a la capa termica y que la extension vertical del area de planeo incremento con incrementos en la profundidad de la corriente termica. Los pelicanos que planearon a campo traviesa entre los sitios de alimentacion y cria volaron principalmente en el medio de la capa termica, independientemente de su profundidad. En contraste, los pelicanos que vagaron cerca de los sitios de alimentacion tipicamente restringieron sus vuelos a la parte inferior de la capa termica. Los pelicanos que planearon a campo traviesa probablemente volaron mas alto en la capa termica para maximizar el desempeno del planeo, mientras que los que planearon a nivel local presumiblemente volaron mas bajo porque no necesitaron mayor altitud para planear por distancias cortas. Un analisis del tiempo de vuelo de los pelicanos con relacion a las estimaciones modeladas de intensidad de las corrientes termicas sugirio que los pelicanos comenzaron a planear diariamente tan pronto como aparecieron corrientes termicas suficientemente fuertes. JF - Condor AU - Shannon, H D AU - Young, G S AU - Yates, MA AU - Fuller, M R AU - Seegar, W S AD - Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, hshannon@oce.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 679 EP - 683 PB - Cooper Ornithological Society VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - American white pelican KW - thermals KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 01423:Behaviour KW - Q1 01361:General KW - Y 25656:Birds KW - Q1 01421:Migrations and rhythms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18447973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=American+White+Pelican+Soaring+Flight+Times+And+Altitudes+Relative+To+Changes+In+Thermal+Depth+And+Intensity&rft.au=Shannon%2C+H+D%3BYoung%2C+G+S%3BYates%2C+MA%3BFuller%2C+M+R%3BSeegar%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Shannon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0010-5422%282002%29104%280679%3AAWPSFT%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater; Brackish; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0010-5422(2002)104(0679:AWPSFT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microsatellite variation in the reintroduced Pennsylvania elk herd AN - 18446157; 5423440 AB - Relocation programs have restored elk (Cervus elaphus ) to portions of its vast historical range. We examine the consequences of these relocation programs by assessing variation at 10 microsatellite loci in three elk herds, a source herd (Yellowstone National Park), a large herd reintroduced from Yellowstone (Custer State Park) and a bottlenecked herd reintroduced from both Yellowstone and Custer (the Pennsylvania herd). Observed single locus heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.739. Multi-locus heterozygosities ranged from 0.222 to 0.589. Although significant differences were detected among all three herds, the Yellowstone National Park and Custer State Park herds possessed similar levels of variation and heterozygosity, and the genetic distance between these two herds was small. The Pennsylvania herd, on the other hand, experienced a 61.5% decrease in heterozygosity relative to its source herds, possessed no unique and few rare alleles, and the genetic distances between the Pennsylvania herd and its sources were large. Simulations were performed to identify bottleneck scenarios in agreement with levels of variation in the Pennsylvania herd. Our data confirm that the rate of population growth post-relocation may have important genetic consequences and indicate that theoretical predictions regarding the maintenance of genetic variation during relocation events must be viewed with caution when small numbers of a polygynous species are released. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Williams, CL AU - Serfass, T L AU - Cogan, R AU - Rhodes, O E AD - Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Christen.L.Williams@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1299 EP - 1310 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 11 IS - 8 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - Red Deer KW - Wapiti KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07409:Ruminantia (nondomestic and camelids) KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18446157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fitness+of+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+Thompson+in+the+Cilantro+Phyllosphere&rft.au=Brandl%2C+M+T%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Brandl&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.7.3588-3596.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01546.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infectivity of beetle spiroplasmas for new host species AN - 18446138; 5428533 AB - Five beetle spiroplasmas, the Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma (CPBS, strain LD-1), the Cantharis carolinus spiroplasma (CCBS, strain CC-1), the Ellychnia corrusca firefly spiroplasma (FS, strain EC-1), the Diabrotica undecimpunctata corn rootworm spiroplasma (CRS, strain DU-1), and the Spiroplasma floricola fall flower spiroplasma (FFS), all associated with beetles, were fed to beetles (Maladera matrida and Carpophilus humeralis) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens). CPBS and CCBS were also injected into M. matrida. Attempts to recover spiroplasmas from regurgitates and hemolymph were conducted 1-10 days after their introduction. After day 1, orally administered spiroplasmas could not be recovered from M. matrida beetles; however, at 2-5 days, four out of five spiroplasmas were recovered from adult C. humeralis. Injected spiroplasmas survived in the hemolymph of M. matrida beetles for a relatively long period (at least 22 days). All five spiroplasmas were recovered from mosquitoes 1 day post feeding, but only two (CCBS and CRS) survived for five or more days. The results show short and variable persistence in orally challenged non-host insects, with general failure to pass the gut barrier. Such evidence should be considered when attempting to use these microbes in biocontrol programs. JF - BioControl AU - Klein, M AU - Braverman, Y AU - Chizov-Ginzburg, A AU - Gol'berg, A AU - Blumberg, D AU - Khanbegyan, Y AU - Hackett, K J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, kjh@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 427 EP - 433 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 1386-6141, 1386-6141 KW - Coleoptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - Northern house mosquito KW - Yellow fever mosquito KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18446138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Metabolic+engineering+of+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+for+production+of+novel+lipid+compounds&rft.au=Dyer%2C+J%3BChapital%2C+D%3BKuan%2C+J%3BMullen%2C+R%3BPepperman%2C+A&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-002-0997-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Value of Coarse-Scale Soil Moisture Observations for Regional Surface Energy Balance Modeling AN - 18442182; 5419773 AB - Using high-resolution (1 km) hydrologic modeling of the 575 000-km2 Red-Arkansas River basin, the impact of spatially aggregating soil moisture imagery up to the footprint scale (32-64 km) of spaceborne microwave radiometers on regional-scale prediction of surface energy fluxes is examined. While errors in surface energy fluxes associated with the aggregation of soil moisture are potentially large (>50 W m-2), relatively simple representations of subfootprint-scale variability are capable of substantially reducing the impact of soil moisture aggregation on land surface model energy flux predictions. This suggests that even crude representations of subgrid soil moisture statistics obtained from statistical downscaling procedures can aid regional-scale surface energy flux prediction. One possible soil moisture downscaling procedure, based on an assumption of spatial scaling (i.e., a power-law relationship between statistical moments and scale), is demonstrated to improve TOPmodel-based Land-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (TOPLATS) prediction of grid-scale surface energy fluxes derived from coarse-resolution soil moisture imagery. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Crow, W T AU - Wood, E F AD - Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 467 EP - 482 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - USA, Arkansas R. KW - USA, Red R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0810:General KW - M2 551.579:Hydrometeorology (551.579) KW - M2 556.14:Infiltration/Soil Moisture (556.14) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18442182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=The+Value+of+Coarse-Scale+Soil+Moisture+Observations+for+Regional+Surface+Energy+Balance+Modeling&rft.au=Crow%2C+W+T%3BWood%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Crow&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F1525-7541%282002%29003%280467%3ATVOCSS%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/1525-7541(2002)003(0467:TVOCSS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating landscape assessment and hydrologic modeling for land cover change analysis AN - 1665491102; 5467463 AB - Significant land cover changes have occurred in the watersheds that contribute runoff to the upper San Pedro River in Sonora, Mexico, and southeast Arizona. These changes, observed using a series of remotely sensed images taken in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, have been implicated in the alteration of the basin hydrologic response. The Cannonsville subwatershed, located in the Catskill/Delaware watershed complex that delivers water to New York City, provides a contrast in land cover change. In this region, the Cannonsville watershed condition has improved over a comparable time period. A landscape assessment tool using a geographic information system (GIS) has been developed that automates the parameterization of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and KINEmatic Runoff and EROSion (KINEROS) hydrologic models. The Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA) tool was used to prepare parameter input files for the Upper San Pedro Basin, a subwatershed within the San Pedro undergoing significant changes, and the Cannonsville watershed using historical land cover data. Runoff and sediment yield were simulated using these models. In the Cannonsville watershed, land cover change had a beneficial impact on modeled watershed response due to the transition from agriculture to forest land cover. Simulation results for the San Pedro indicate that increasing urban and agricultural areas and the simultaneous invasion of woody plants and decline of grasslands resulted in increased annual and event runoff volumes, flashier flood response, and decreased water quality due to sediment loading. These results demonstrate the usefulness of integrating remote sensing and distributed hydrologic models through the use of GIS for assessing watershed condition and the relative impacts of land cover transitions on hydrologic response. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Miller, S N AU - Kepner, W G AU - Mehaffey, M H AU - Hernandez, M AU - Miller, R C AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Devonald, K K AU - Heggem, D T AU - Miller, W P AD - USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA, smiller@tucson.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 915 EP - 930 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Mexico, Sonora, San Pedro R. KW - USA, Arizona, San Pedro R. KW - USA, New York KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Remote Sensing KW - Case study KW - Case Studies KW - Catchment Areas KW - Remote sensing KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Land use KW - Time dependent KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Sediment Yield KW - Catchment areas KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Modelling (Hydrological) KW - Runoff KW - Sediment/water system KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Geographical Information Systems KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1665491102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Integrating+landscape+assessment+and+hydrologic+modeling+for+land+cover+change+analysis&rft.au=Miller%2C+S+N%3BKepner%2C+W+G%3BMehaffey%2C+M+H%3BHernandez%2C+M%3BMiller%2C+R+C%3BGoodrich%2C+D+C%3BDevonald%2C+K+K%3BHeggem%2C+D+T%3BMiller%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Time dependent; Case study; Catchment areas; Distribution (Mathematical); Remote sensing; Modelling (Hydrological); Sediment/water system; Runoff; Land use; Geographical Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Land Use; Hydrologic Models; Sediment Yield; Case Studies; Catchment Areas; Spatial Distribution; Temporal Distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of Streamwater Acidity in Lye Brook Wilderness, Vermont, USA AN - 16169266; 5854052 AB - Under the United States Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, a class I designation safeguards wilderness areas from the negative effects of new sources of air pollution. We monitored streamwater chemistry in the class I Lye Brook Wilderness in southwestern Vermont from May 1994 through August 1995. Stream samples were collected biweekly at nine sampling locations throughout the wilderness and were analyzed for major cations and anions, dissolved organic carbon, pH, and acid-neutralizing capacity. Eight of nine sites sampled had mean annual acid neutralizing capacity values below zero. During the study period, decreases in streamwater acid neutralizing capacity values were caused primarily by SO sub(4) super(2m). At some sites, however, NO sub(3) super(m) and naturally occurring, weak organic acids were seasonally important. During high discharge, the low pH and high concentrations of inorganic monomeric Al were at levels that are toxic to acid-sensitive aquatic species. Watershed mass balances were calculated to determine annual gains or losses for measured ions. These budgets indicate that S inputs and outputs were nearly equal, there was a net loss of base cations, and a net gain in N. How long these watersheds can continue to assimilate additional N inputs is unknown. JF - Environmental Management AU - Campbell, J L AU - Eagar, C AU - McDowell, W H AD - Northeastern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 234 EP - 248 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Sulfates KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Anions KW - Water sampling KW - Organic acids KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Environmental factors KW - Sulphur compounds KW - Environmental Policy KW - Sampling KW - Dissolved organic carbon KW - Acidity KW - Air Pollution KW - Clean Air Act Amendments KW - Organic Acids KW - Nitrates KW - Organic Carbon KW - USA, Vermont, Lye Brook Wilderness KW - Hydrogen Ion Concentration KW - Air pollution KW - Cations KW - River water KW - Acids KW - Aluminium KW - Wilderness KW - Capacity KW - Nitrogen compounds KW - USA, Vermont KW - Wilderness Areas KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16169266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+Streamwater+Acidity+in+Lye+Brook+Wilderness%2C+Vermont%2C+USA&rft.au=Campbell%2C+J+L%3BEagar%2C+C%3BMcDowell%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-001-0067-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Anions; Organic acids; Pollution dispersion; Pollution effects; Watersheds; Environmental factors; Sulphur compounds; Air pollution; River water; Cations; Aluminium; Dissolved organic carbon; Nitrogen compounds; Acidity; Sulfates; Clean Air Act Amendments; Nitrates; Water sampling; Wilderness; Streams; Air Pollution; Organic Acids; Organic Carbon; Hydrogen Ion Concentration; Acids; Environmental Policy; Capacity; Sampling; Wilderness Areas; USA, Vermont, Lye Brook Wilderness; USA, Vermont; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-001-0067-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campylobacter coli Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis Genotypic Diversity Among Sows and Piglets in a Farrowing Barn AN - 1448224801; 18620183 AB - Genotypes of Campylobacter coli isolates from feces of three sows and rectal swabs of 17 piglets were examined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). All of the animals originated from a single farrowing barn of a farrow-to-finish swine operation. Five Campylobacter colonies were picked from a single agar plate for each sample after broth enrichment and growth on Campy-Cefex agar. Genotypes were examined by PFGE after genomic DNA digestion with SmaI and SacII restriction endonucleases. Twenty SmaI genotypes and 12 SacII genotypes were detected among 99 Campylobacter coli isolates. There was no pattern of shared genotypes between sows and their respective piglets, nor between littermates. Results indicate that a high number of Campylobacter genotypes may coexist in related pigs from a single housing facility. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Hume, Michael E AU - Droleskey, Robert E AU - Sheffield, Cynthia L AU - Harvey, Roger B AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station,, TX 77845, USA, US Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 128 EP - 132 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Agar KW - Campylobacter coli KW - Genotypes KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448224801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+coli+Pulsed+Field+Gel+Electrophoresis+Genotypic+Diversity+Among+Sows+and+Piglets+in+a+Farrowing+Barn&rft.au=Hume%2C+Michael+E%3BDroleskey%2C+Robert+E%3BSheffield%2C+Cynthia+L%3BHarvey%2C+Roger+B&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-001-0096-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genotypes; Campylobacter coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-001-0096-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing a Policy Grab Bag: Federal Water Policy Reform AN - 1038614171; 17020573 AB - This article examines the economic impacts of policy alternatives for addressing allocative inefficiencies among agricultural, urban, and environmental uses of federal water. The Central Valley Project Improvement Act, composed of multiple incentive-based and command-and-control policies, forms the context for this analysis. Estimated multi-output agricultural revenue functions and urban water demand functions are incorporated into a nonlinear programming model designed to predict changes in water use, returns to agriculture, and urban consumer surplus. Results suggest that analysis that does not explicitly model policy instruments implemented at sub-optimal levels and, as part of a package of reforms, could over- or underestimate the costs, benefits, and effectiveness of each policy instrument. JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Weinberg, Marca AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 541 EP - 556 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Economics KW - ENA 05:ENAironmental Design & Urban Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038614171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Assessing+a+Policy+Grab+Bag%3A+Federal+Water+Policy+Reform&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+Marca&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=Marca&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00029092&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F1467-8276.00318 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8276.00318 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Health of forests and grasslands could be slipping away under your feet! AN - 39661173; 3695326 AU - Keely, J Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39661173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Health+of+forests+and+grasslands+could+be+slipping+away+under+your+feet%21&rft.au=Keely%2C+J&rft.aulast=Keely&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Multidisciplinary weed management on the middle fork and main salmon wild and scenic rivers: Gardening for wilderness values AN - 39661123; 3695319 AU - Hagedorn, L AU - Bernhardt, B AU - Carlson, J Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39661123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Multidisciplinary+weed+management+on+the+middle+fork+and+main+salmon+wild+and+scenic+rivers%3A+Gardening+for+wilderness+values&rft.au=Hagedorn%2C+L%3BBernhardt%2C+B%3BCarlson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hagedorn&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Grand canyon to grand station: A history of grand canyon recreation AN - 39661054; 3695313 AU - Brown, M Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39661054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Grand+canyon+to+grand+station%3A+A+history+of+grand+canyon+recreation&rft.au=Brown%2C+M&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - River patrol programs: A field perspective from river rangers AN - 39594811; 3695320 AU - Miller, B Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39594811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=River+patrol+programs%3A+A+field+perspective+from+river+rangers&rft.au=Miller%2C+B&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - River protection strategies of the U.S. forest service AN - 39594777; 3695318 AU - Glasser, S Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39594777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=River+protection+strategies+of+the+U.S.+forest+service&rft.au=Glasser%2C+S&rft.aulast=Glasser&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Applications of a human thermal comfort model AN - 39587661; 3684434 AU - Heisler, G M AU - Wang, Y Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39587661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Applications+of+a+human+thermal+comfort+model&rft.au=Heisler%2C+G+M%3BWang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Heisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ams.org. Paper No. 7.2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Conundrum of securing water quantities on federal lands AN - 39554028; 3695341 AU - Collette, M Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39554028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Processes+and+forms+of+an+unstable+alluvial+system+with+resistant%2C+cohesive+streambeds&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BThomas%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.347 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Protecting wild and scenic rivers from the harmful effects of water resources projects under section 7 of the act AN - 39540234; 3695349 AU - Horning, P AU - Diedrich, J Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39540234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Protecting+wild+and+scenic+rivers+from+the+harmful+effects+of+water+resources+projects+under+section+7+of+the+act&rft.au=Horning%2C+P%3BDiedrich%2C+J&rft.aulast=Horning&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ecological impacts from whitewater releases - Beneficial, adverse, or non-detectable? AN - 39526095; 3695355 AU - Norman, S Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ecological+impacts+from+whitewater+releases+-+Beneficial%2C+adverse%2C+or+non-detectable%3F&rft.au=Norman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Space-time measurement of soil water and simulation of coupled overland/subsurface flow in undulating terrain AN - 39522089; 3682640 AU - Green, T R AU - Salas, J D AU - Ruan, H Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Space-time+measurement+of+soil+water+and+simulation+of+coupled+overland%2Fsubsurface+flow+in+undulating+terrain&rft.au=Green%2C+T+R%3BSalas%2C+J+D%3BRuan%2C+H&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Civil Engineering Dept., Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372, USA; URL: hydrologydays.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism of N-terminal autoinhibition in the Arabidopsis Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter CAX1. AN - 71901854; 12006570 AB - Regulation of Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters may be an important function in determining the duration and amplitude of cytosolic Ca(2+) oscillations. Previously the Arabidopsis Ca(2+)/H(+) transporter, CAX1 (cation exchanger 1), was identified by its ability to suppress yeast mutants defective in vacuolar Ca(2+) transport. Recently, a 36-amino acid N-terminal regulatory region on CAX1 has been identified that inhibits CAX1-mediated Ca(2+)/H(+) antiport. Here we show that a synthetic peptide designed against the CAX1 36 amino acids inhibited Ca(2+)/H(+) transport mediated by an N-terminal-truncated CAX1 but did not inhibit Ca(2+) transport by other Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters. Ca(2+)/H(+) antiport activity measured from vacuolar-enriched membranes of Arabidopsis root was also inhibited by the CAX1 peptide. Through analyzing CAX chimeric constructs the region of interaction of the N-terminal regulatory region was mapped to include 7 amino acids (residues 56-62) within CAX1. The CAX1 N-terminal regulatory region was shown to physically interact with this 7-amino acid region by yeast two-hybrid analysis. Mutagenesis of amino acids within the N-terminal regulatory region implicated several residues as being essential for regulation. These findings describe a unique mode of antiporter autoinhibition and demonstrate the first detailed mechanisms for the regulation of a Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter from any organism. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Pittman, Jon K AU - Shigaki, Toshiro AU - Cheng, Ning-Hui AU - Hirschi, Kendal D AD - Plant Physiology Group, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Y1 - 2002/07/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 19 SP - 26452 EP - 26459 VL - 277 IS - 29 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Antiporters KW - 0 KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins KW - Cation Transport Proteins KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - calcium-hydrogen antiporters KW - Threonine KW - 2ZD004190S KW - Serine KW - 452VLY9402 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Protein Structure, Secondary KW - Threonine -- metabolism KW - Peptide Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Arabidopsis KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Serine -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Antiporters -- metabolism KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- physiology KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71901854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+N-terminal+autoinhibition+in+the+Arabidopsis+Ca%282%2B%29%2FH%28%2B%29+antiporter+CAX1.&rft.au=Pittman%2C+Jon+K%3BShigaki%2C+Toshiro%3BCheng%2C+Ning-Hui%3BHirschi%2C+Kendal+D&rft.aulast=Pittman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=2002-07-19&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=29&rft.spage=26452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular and functional characterization of a second copy of the aflatoxin regulatory gene, aflR-2, from Aspergillus parasiticus. AN - 71850544; 12084578 AB - The genes required for the synthesis of aflatoxin (AF) in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus have been shown to be clustered on a chromosome in these fungi. Transcription of most of these genes is dependent upon the activity of the aflR gene, also present on the gene cluster, which encodes a zinc binuclear cluster DNA-binding protein. While many strains of A. parasiticus have only one copy of aflR (aflR-1), many others contain a second copy of this gene (aflR-2) which resides on a duplicated region of the aflatoxin gene cluster. Targeted disruption of aflR-1 generated a number of non-aflatoxin producing transformants of A. parasiticus SU-1 which still harbored a wild-type aflR-2 gene. Southern and Northern hybridization analyses and ELISA assays demonstrated that aflR-1 had been successfully inactivated in strain AFS10. DNA sequence analysis showed that aflR-2 was capable of encoding a deduced 47 kDa protein. Northern and RT-PCR analysis of RNA from a toxin producing strain indicated that aflR-2 was transcribed at extremely low levels compared to aflR-1. RT-PCR analysis of RNA from AFS10 demonstrated that mRNAs of aflatoxin pathway genes were not processed to their mature forms. Functional analysis of aflr-2 protein in a yeast system showed that it was not activating transcription. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Cary, Jeffrey W AU - Dyer, John M AU - Ehrlich, Kenneth C AU - Wright, Maureen S AU - Liang, Shun-Hsin AU - Linz, John E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. jcary@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 19 SP - 316 EP - 323 VL - 1576 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - AFLR-2 protein, Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Genes, Regulator KW - Fungal Proteins -- chemistry KW - Genes, Fungal -- genetics KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71850544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Molecular+and+functional+characterization+of+a+second+copy+of+the+aflatoxin+regulatory+gene%2C+aflR-2%2C+from+Aspergillus+parasiticus.&rft.au=Cary%2C+Jeffrey+W%3BDyer%2C+John+M%3BEhrlich%2C+Kenneth+C%3BWright%2C+Maureen+S%3BLiang%2C+Shun-Hsin%3BLinz%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Cary&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2002-07-19&rft.volume=1576&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF110766; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of a riparian wetland on nitrate and herbicides exported from an agricultural field. AN - 71888519; 12105980 AB - Agrochemicals are a major source of nonpoint pollution. Forested corridors along stream channels (riparian zones) are thought to be potential sites for removal of agricultural contaminants from ground and surface waters. First-order riparian wetlands are reputed to be especially effective at groundwater remediation. The study site is a fairly typical (for eastern Maryland) small, first-order stream in an agricultural watershed. Preferential flow supplies most of the stream water within the riparian headwater wetland. This upstream area also contains the highest average stream N and pesticide loads in the entire first-order riparian system. Zones of active groundwater emergence onto the surface display high concentrations of nitrate throughout the soil profile and in the exfiltrating water, whereas inactive areas (where there is no visible upwelling) show rapid attenuation of nitrate with decreasing depths. Atrazine degradation products appear to penetrate more readily through the most active upwelling zones, and there is a correlation between zones of high nitrate and high atrazine metabolite levels. Deethylatrazine/atrazine ratios (DAR) seem to indicate that stream flow is dominated by ground water and that much of the ground water may have reached the stream via preferential flow. Remediative processes appear to be very complex, heterogeneous, and variable in these systems, so additional research is needed before effective formulation and application of riparian zone initiatives and guidelines can be accomplished. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Angier, Jonathan T AU - McCarty, Gregory W AU - Rice, Clifford P AU - Bialek, Krystyna AD - Environmental Quality Laboratory, Building 007, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. angierj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/17/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 17 SP - 4424 EP - 4429 VL - 50 IS - 15 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Agrochemicals KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Nitrates KW - Water Pollutants KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Maryland KW - Agriculture KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Agrochemicals -- analysis KW - Nitrates -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71888519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+riparian+wetland+on+nitrate+and+herbicides+exported+from+an+agricultural+field.&rft.au=Angier%2C+Jonathan+T%3BMcCarty%2C+Gregory+W%3BRice%2C+Clifford+P%3BBialek%2C+Krystyna&rft.aulast=Angier&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2002-07-17&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=4424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agrochemical and nutrient impacts on estuaries and other aquatic systems. AN - 71888408; 12105974 AB - This paper summarizes the "Agrochemical and Nutrient Impacts on Estuaries" symposium held at the 220th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. The focus of the symposium was to highlight ongoing research efforts to understand estuarine function and pollutant fate in these important ecosystems. Expanding urbanization and agricultural activity can result in increased particulate and chemical loads, resulting in decreased light penetration and degraded aquatic habitats. Legislative and regulatory protections, such as the Clean Water Act and Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), are considered here. Measurement of nutrient and pesticide loads and their ecotoxicological impacts are explored, as well as potential mitigation practices. The complexity and high visibility of estuarine ecosystem health will require continued examination to develop more effective agricultural and land management strategies and sound science-based regulations. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Hapeman, Cathleen J AU - Dionigi, Christopher P AU - Zimba, Paul V AU - McConnell, Laura L AD - Environmental Quality Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. hapemanc@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/17/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 17 SP - 4382 EP - 4384 VL - 50 IS - 15 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Agrochemicals KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Water Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Fishes KW - Pesticides -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Ecosystem KW - Agrochemicals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71888408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Response+of+white-footed+mice+%28Peromyscus+leucopus%29+to+coarse+woody+debris+and+microsite+use+in+southern+Appalachian+treefall+gaps&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ancestral polymorphism and adaptive evolution in the trichothecene mycotoxin gene cluster of phytopathogenic Fusarium. AN - 71893479; 12080147 AB - Filamentous fungi within the Fusarium graminearum species complex (Fg complex) are the primary etiological agents of Fusarium head blight (scab) of wheat and barley. Scab is an economically devastating plant disease that greatly limits grain yield and quality. In addition, scabby grain is often contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins that act as virulence factors on some hosts, and pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. Strain-specific differences in trichothecene metabolite profiles (chemotypes) are not well correlated with the Fg complex phylogeny based on genealogical concordance at six single-copy nuclear genes. To examine the basis for this discord between species and toxin evolution, a 19-kb region of the trichothecene gene cluster was sequenced in 39 strains chosen to represent the global genetic diversity of species in the Fg complex and four related species of Fusarium. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that polymorphism within these virulence-associated genes is transspecific and appears to have been maintained by balancing selection acting on chemotype differences that originated in the ancestor of this important group of plant pathogens. Chemotype-specific differences in selective constraint and evidence of adaptive evolution within trichothecene genes are also reported. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Ward, Todd J AU - Bielawski, Joseph P AU - Kistler, H Corby AU - Sullivan, Eileen AU - O'Donnell, Kerry AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. wardtj@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/09/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 09 SP - 9278 EP - 9283 VL - 99 IS - 14 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Gene Silencing KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Multigene Family KW - Trichothecenes -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- genetics KW - Evolution, Molecular UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71893479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Ancestral+polymorphism+and+adaptive+evolution+in+the+trichothecene+mycotoxin+gene+cluster+of+phytopathogenic+Fusarium.&rft.au=Ward%2C+Todd+J%3BBielawski%2C+Joseph+P%3BKistler%2C+H+Corby%3BSullivan%2C+Eileen%3BO%27Donnell%2C+Kerry&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.date=2002-07-09&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=9278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY102605; GENBANK; AY102598; AY102597; AY102579; AY102599; AY102576; AY102575; AY102578; AY102577; AY102572; AY102590; AY102571; AY102592; AY102574; AY102573; AY102591; AY102594; AY102593; AY102596; AY102570; AY102595; AY102589; AY102588; AY102569; AY102587; AY102568; AY102586; AY102567; AY102602; AY102581; AY102601; AY102580; AY102604; AY102603; AY102585; AY102584; AY102600; AY102583; AY102582 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Genetics. 2000 May;155(1):431-49 [10790415] J Theor Biol. 2000 May 7;204(1):83-101 [10772850] Bioinformatics. 2000 Jun;16(6):562-3 [10980155] Fungal Genet Biol. 2001 Mar;32(2):121-33 [11352533] Mol Biol Evol. 2001 Aug;18(8):1425-34 [11470833] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Nov;67(11):5294-302 [11679358] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 4;98(25):14512-7 [11734650] Genetics. 2002 Apr;160(4):1451-60 [11973300] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 May;68(5):2148-54 [11976083] Mol Biol Evol. 2002 Jun;19(6):908-17 [12032247] J Biochem. 1973 Aug;74(2):285-96 [4586675] Nature. 1988 Sep 8;335(6186):167-70 [3412472] Genetics. 1990 Apr;124(4):967-78 [2323559] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(24):9732-5 [2263623] Mol Biol Evol. 1995 Sep;12(5):823-33 [7476128] Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1995 Jul-Aug;8(4):593-601 [8589414] Comput Appl Biosci. 1997 Oct;13(5):555-6 [9367129] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jan;64(1):221-5 [9435078] J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 16;273(3):1654-61 [9430709] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Oct 13;95(21):12398-403 [9770498] Proc Biol Sci. 2000 Feb 22;267(1441):379-84 [10722220] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jul 5;97(14):7905-10 [10869425] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of storage on some volatile aroma compounds in fresh-cut cantaloupe melon. AN - 71852215; 12083880 AB - Changes in volatile aroma constituents of fresh-cut cantaloupe melon with storage were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compounds isolated from the fruit immediately after cutting were predominantly aliphatic and aromatic esters. Storage of fruit at 4 degrees C caused a considerable decrease in concentration of esters and synthesis of the terpenoid compounds beta-ionone and geranylacetone over a period of 24 h. This change in the volatile profile with storage is consistent with that of a stress-induced defense response in the cut fruit as an adaptation process to tissue exposure and cell disruption. The same effect occurred in fruit stored at 22 degrees C and in those treated with sodium azide and ascorbic acid prior to storage. Fruit treated with ascorbic acid and sodium azide had higher concentrations of beta-ionone and geranylacetone and retained these compounds better with storage time. The reduction of esters appears to be an important early reaction step in the loss of freshness during storage of fresh-cut cantaloupe. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Lamikanra, Olusola AU - Richard, Olga A AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA. sola@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 03 SP - 4043 EP - 4047 VL - 50 IS - 14 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Esters KW - 0 KW - Norisoprenoids KW - Terpenes KW - Sodium Azide KW - 968JJ8C9DV KW - geranylacetone KW - 9B7RY79U9Z KW - beta-ionone KW - A7NRR1HLH6 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Sodium Azide -- pharmacology KW - Esters -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Terpenes -- analysis KW - Food Handling KW - Volatilization KW - Cold Temperature KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Cucumis -- chemistry KW - Odorants KW - Fruit -- chemistry KW - Food Preservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71852215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Effect+of+storage+on+some+volatile+aroma+compounds+in+fresh-cut+cantaloupe+melon.&rft.au=Lamikanra%2C+Olusola%3BRichard%2C+Olga+A&rft.aulast=Lamikanra&rft.aufirst=Olusola&rft.date=2002-07-03&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=4043&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatilization of trifluralin, atrazine, metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, alpha-endosulfan, and beta-endosulfan from freshly tilled soil. AN - 71848831; 12083875 AB - The volatile and soil loss profiles of six agricultural pesticides were measured for 20 days following treatment to freshly tilled soil at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. The volatile fluxes were determined using the Theoretical Profile Shape (TPS) method. Polyurethane foam plugs were used to collect the gas-phase levels of the pesticides at the TPS-defined critical height above a treated field. Surface-soil (0-8 cm) samples were collected on each day of air sampling. The order of the volatile flux losses was trifluralin > alpha-endosulfan > chlorpyrifos > metolachlor > atrazine > beta-endosulfan. The magnitude of the losses ranged from 14.1% of nominal applied amounts of trifluralin to 2.5% of beta-endosulfan. The daily loss profiles were typical of those observed by others for volatile flux of pesticides from moist soil. Even though heavy rains occurred from the first to third day after treatment, the majority of the losses took place within 4 days of treatment, that is, 59% of the total applied atrazine and metolachlor and >78% of the other pesticides. Soil losses generally followed pseudo-first-order kinetics; however, leaching due to heavy rainfall caused significant errors in these results. The portion of soil losses that were accounted for by the volatile fluxes was ordered as follows: alpha-endosulfan, 34.5%; trifluralin, 26.5%; chlorpyrifos, 23.3%; beta-endosulfan, 14.5%; metolachlor, 12.4%; and atrazine, 7.5%. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Rice, Clifford P AU - Nochetto, Cristina B AU - Zara, Pedro AD - Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 03 SP - 4009 EP - 4017 VL - 50 IS - 14 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Agrochemicals KW - Herbicides KW - Insecticides KW - Soil KW - Trifluralin KW - C8BX46QL7K KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Endosulfan KW - OKA6A6ZD4K KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - metolachlor KW - X0I01K05X2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Atrazine -- chemistry KW - Trifluralin -- chemistry KW - Chlorpyrifos -- chemistry KW - Endosulfan -- chemistry KW - Acetamides -- chemistry KW - Volatilization KW - Insecticides -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- chemistry KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Agrochemicals -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71848831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Volatilization+of+trifluralin%2C+atrazine%2C+metolachlor%2C+chlorpyrifos%2C+alpha-endosulfan%2C+and+beta-endosulfan+from+freshly+tilled+soil.&rft.au=Rice%2C+Clifford+P%3BNochetto%2C+Cristina+B%3BZara%2C+Pedro&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft.date=2002-07-03&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=4009&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phyllosilicate sol-gel immobilized lipases for the formation of partial acylglycerides AN - 18482777; 5447219 AB - Lipase PS-30 (Pseudomonas cepacia) and Lipase F (Rhizopus oryzae), immobilized within a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix, catalyzed the esterification of glycerol with short, medium and long-chain fatty acids to produce mono (MAG), di (DAG) and tri (TAG) acylglycerols. The results from the above esterification reactions were compared to reactions using a commercially available immobilized lipase, Lipozyme IM-60. Time course studies showed that free Lipase PS-30 or Lipase F enhanced esterification reactions with the use of silica-supported glycerol. In contrast, immobilized Lipase PS-30-catalyzed reactions occurred at the same conversion rate when using either free or silica-supported glycerol. For immobilized Lipase F and Lipozyme IM-60 reactions, the use of silica-supported glycerol favored the production of DAG and TAG over MAG. All three immobilized lipases could be reused for acylglycerol production. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Hsu, An-Fei AU - Jones, K AU - Foglia, T A AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, ahsu@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/07/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 02 SP - 1161 EP - 1165 VL - 24 IS - 14 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - acylglycerides KW - acylglycerols KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W2 32350:Carbohydrates KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18482777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Phyllosilicate+sol-gel+immobilized+lipases+for+the+formation+of+partial+acylglycerides&rft.au=Hsu%2C+An-Fei%3BJones%2C+K%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=An-Fei&rft.date=2002-07-02&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of novel lipid compounds AN - 899160666; 15667664 AB - The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been modified successfully for production of numerous metabolites and therapeutic proteins through metabolic engineering, but has not been utilized to date for the production of lipid-derived compounds. We developed a lipid metabolic engineering strategy in S. cerevisiae based upon culturing techniques that are typically employed for studies of peroxisomal biogenesis; cells were grown in media containing fatty acids as a sole carbon source, which promotes peroxisomal proliferation and induction of enzymes associated with fatty acid beta -oxidation. Our results indicate that growth of yeast on fatty acids such as oleate results in extensive uptake of these fatty acids from the media and a subsequent increase in total cellular lipid content from 2% to 15% dry cell weight. We also show that co-expression of plant fatty acid desaturases 2 and 3 (FAD2 and FAD3), using a fatty acid-inducible peroxisomal gene promoter, coupled the processes of fatty acid uptake with the induction of a new metabolic pathway leading from oleic acid (18:1) to linolenic acid (18:3). Finally, we show that cultivation of yeast cells in the presence of triacylglycerols and exogenously supplied lipase promotes extensive incorporation of triglyceride fatty acids into yeast cells. Collectively, these results provide a framework for bioconversion of low-cost oils into value-added lipid products. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Dyer, J AU - Chapital, D AU - Kuan, J AU - Mullen, R AU - Pepperman, A AD - USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, jdyer@nola.srrc.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 224 EP - 230 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 59 IS - 2-3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Linolenic acid KW - Oils KW - Enzymes KW - metabolic engineering KW - Metabolites KW - Carbon sources KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Lipid metabolism KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Promoters KW - Triglycerides KW - bioconversion KW - Fatty acids KW - Metabolic pathways KW - Cell proliferation KW - desaturase KW - Oleic acid KW - Media (culture) KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899160666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Metabolic+engineering+of+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+for+production+of+novel+lipid+compounds&rft.au=Dyer%2C+J%3BChapital%2C+D%3BKuan%2C+J%3BMullen%2C+R%3BPepperman%2C+A&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-002-0997-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Linolenic acid; Oils; metabolic engineering; Enzymes; Metabolites; Carbon sources; Lipid metabolism; Promoters; Triacylglycerol lipase; Triglycerides; bioconversion; Metabolic pathways; Fatty acids; desaturase; Cell proliferation; Oleic acid; Media (culture); Saccharomyces cerevisiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-0997-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stunted growth and mortality associated with sodium deficiency. AN - 72112000; 12243544 AB - We investigated reports of stunted growth and high mortality occurring among young poultry in 38 small privately owned flocks in Vermont and New Hampshire. Tests for infectious agents including avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses were negative, as were toxicologic tests for mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticides, and monensin in feed samples. Analysis of 6 samples of implicated feed revealed 330-870 ppm of sodium (median level 350 ppm), whereas the recommended minimum level for chick feed is 1200-2000 ppm. A case-control study included 38 affected and 23 unaffected flocks. Statistical analysis showed that affected flocks were 29 times more likely to have consumed a particular brand of poultry feed (odds ratio = 29.2, 95% confidence interval = 3.2-675.8) but did not show any association between clinical signs and hatchery, location of chick purchase, chick purchase date, or years of producer experience. JF - Avian diseases AU - Brady, Robert C AU - Trock, Susan C AU - Jones, Carroll J AU - Ross, P Frank AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Sutton, MA 01590, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 740 EP - 744 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Animals KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Odds Ratio KW - New Hampshire -- epidemiology KW - Food Analysis KW - Vermont -- epidemiology KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Growth Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Growth Disorders -- veterinary KW - Animal Feed -- adverse effects KW - Sodium -- deficiency KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Nutrition Disorders -- mortality KW - Chickens KW - Nutrition Disorders -- etiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- mortality KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Growth Disorders -- mortality KW - Poultry Diseases -- etiology KW - Growth Disorders -- etiology KW - Nutrition Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Nutrition Disorders -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72112000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Stunted+growth+and+mortality+associated+with+sodium+deficiency.&rft.au=Brady%2C+Robert+C%3BTrock%2C+Susan+C%3BJones%2C+Carroll+J%3BRoss%2C+P+Frank&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=740&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioactivation of the fungal phytotoxin 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol by glycolytic enzymes is an essential component of its mechanism of action. AN - 72106772; 12240991 AB - An isolate of Fusarium solani, NRRL 18883, produces the natural phytotoxin 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (AhG). This fungal metabolite inhibited the growth of roots (150 of 1.6 mM), but it did not have any in vitro inhibitory activity. The mechanism of action of AhG requires enzymatic phosphorylation by plant glycolytic kinases to yield AhG-1,6-bisphosphate (AhG-1,6-bisP), an inhibitor of Fru-1,6-bisP aldolase. AhG-1,6-bisP had an I50 value of 570 microM on aldolase activity, and it competed with Fru-1,6-bisP for the catalytic site on the enzyme, with a Ki value of 103 microm. The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon of Fru-1,6-bisP is required for the formation of an essential covalent bond to zeta amino functionality of lysine 225. The absence of this hydroxyl group on AhG-1,6-bisP prevents the normal catalytic function of aldolase. Nonetheless, modeling of the binding of AhG-1,6-bisP to the catalytic pocket shows that the inhibitor interacts with the amino acid residues of the binding site in a manner similar to that of Fru-1,6-bisP. The ability of F. solani to produce a fructose analog that is bioactivated by enzymes of the host plant in order to inhibit a major metabolic pathway illustrates the intricate biochemical processes involved in plant-pathogen interactions. JF - Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences AU - Dayan, Franck E AU - Rimando, Agnes M AU - Tellez, Mario R AU - Scheffler, Brian E AU - Roy, Thibaut AU - Abbas, Hamed K AU - Duke, Stephen O AD - USDA-ARS Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS 38677, USA. fdayan@ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 645 EP - 653 VL - 57 IS - 7-8 SN - 0939-5075, 0939-5075 KW - 2,5-anhydroglucitol KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Deoxyglucose KW - 9G2MP84A8W KW - Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase KW - EC 4.1.2.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spinacia oleracea -- enzymology KW - Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Plant Roots -- drug effects KW - Phosphorylation KW - Biotransformation KW - Kinetics KW - Plant Roots -- growth & development KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Plants -- enzymology KW - Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase -- chemistry KW - Protein Conformation KW - Binding Sites KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Deoxyglucose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Glycolysis KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Deoxyglucose -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72106772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+fur+Naturforschung.+C%2C+Journal+of+biosciences&rft.atitle=Bioactivation+of+the+fungal+phytotoxin+2%2C5-anhydro-D-glucitol+by+glycolytic+enzymes+is+an+essential+component+of+its+mechanism+of+action.&rft.au=Dayan%2C+Franck+E%3BRimando%2C+Agnes+M%3BTellez%2C+Mario+R%3BScheffler%2C+Brian+E%3BRoy%2C+Thibaut%3BAbbas%2C+Hamed+K%3BDuke%2C+Stephen+O&rft.aulast=Dayan&rft.aufirst=Franck&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zeitschrift+fur+Naturforschung.+C%2C+Journal+of+biosciences&rft.issn=09395075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineral deficiency and the use of the FETAX bioassay to study environmental teratogens. AN - 72057762; 12210540 AB - The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX) bioassay has been employed extensively to screen compounds for teratogenic activity. Recent laboratory studies have indicated that low potassium concentrations retard Xenopus laevis development. The effects of varying concentrations of minerals on Xenopus laevis embryo length and development were examined to determine the utility of the FETAX bioassay in the study of environmental teratogens. Water samples collected from 18 wetlands in Minnesota and North Dakota correlated with low mineral levels, causing delayed embryonic development in the FETAX bioassay. When the concentration of sodium or potassium was or =2 ppm, extension of the FETAX bioassay to 120 h allowed organogenesis to proceed through stage 46, as required for scoring in accordance with ASTM guidelines for the FETAX bioassay. In those cases in which the concentration of sodium and/or potassium were <2 ppm, the embryos could not develop to stage 46 within 120 h and the FETAX bioassay was not suitable for detecting teratogenic activity. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT AU - Garber, Eric A E AD - USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58105, USA. garbere@hotmail.com PY - 2002 SP - 237 EP - 240 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - Minerals KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Index Medicus KW - Embryonic Development KW - Animals KW - Minnesota KW - Drug Interactions KW - Endpoint Determination KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Sodium -- deficiency KW - Sodium -- pharmacology KW - Xenopus laevis KW - North Dakota KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - Potassium Deficiency KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Potassium -- pharmacology KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian -- abnormalities KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Minerals -- pharmacology KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian -- drug effects KW - Minerals -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72057762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.atitle=Mineral+deficiency+and+the+use+of+the+FETAX+bioassay+to+study+environmental+teratogens.&rft.au=Garber%2C+Eric+A+E&rft.aulast=Garber&rft.aufirst=Eric+A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous quantitation of Aspergillus flavus/A. parasiticus and aflatoxins in peanuts. AN - 71990242; 12180687 AB - A method was developed for simultaneous quantitation of Aspergillus flavus/A. parasiticus and aflatoxins in peanuts. Peanut samples were ground with an equal weight of water in a vertical cutter mixer to produce a slurry. Separate subsamples were taken for dilution-plating to determine total colony forming units (CFU)/g of A. flavus/A. parasiticus and for liquid chromatographic analysis to determine aflatoxin concentrations. Dry-grinding peanuts for homogenization of aflatoxins produced high temperatures that killed most of the A. flavus/A. parasiticus propagules. Addition of water to produce a slurry kept the temperature from rising above levels that killed the fungi. A 7 min grind time provided optimal homogenization for both the fungi and aflatoxins, so long as the temperature of the slurry did not exceed 45 degrees C. In the analysis of 60 shelled peanut samples, total aflatoxin concentrations ranged from 0 to 10,000 ng/g and total A. flavus/A. parasiticus ranged from 1.4 x 10(3) to 3.2 x 10(6) CFU/g. Regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.0001) between the quantities of A. flavus/A. parasiticus and aflatoxin (R2 = 0.82). JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Dorner, Joe W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 31742, USA. jdorner@nprl.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 911 EP - 916 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- methods KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical KW - Temperature KW - Aspergillus flavus -- isolation & purification KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Arachis -- chemistry KW - Food Microbiology KW - Arachis -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus -- isolation & purification KW - Food Contamination -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71990242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+quantitation+of+Aspergillus+flavus%2FA.+parasiticus+and+aflatoxins+in+peanuts.&rft.au=Dorner%2C+Joe+W&rft.aulast=Dorner&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin D metabolites in an experimental model of turkey osteomyelitis complex. AN - 71989228; 12162356 AB - Supplementation with vitamin D3 was previously shown to protect Escherichia coli challenged birds that underwent two dexamethasone (DEX) treatments at 5 and 12 wk of age in an experimental model of turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with 10 microg of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D)/ kg feed or 99 microg of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D)/kg feed on disease resistance in the same model. Birds were fed the supplemented diets continuously and ad libitum. Seven hundred twenty turkey poults were placed into 24 floor pens in a 3 x 2 x 2 design (three vitamin D treatments, two DEX treatments, two E. coli treatments, with two replicate pens per treatment). At 5 wk of age, half of the birds were treated with DEX, and half of the DEX-treated birds and half of the nontreated birds were challenged with E. coli. All mortalities and lame birds were necropsied. At 9 wk, all of the DEX- or E. coli-treated birds were given another series of DEX injections; 2 wk later 10 birds per pen were necropsied. At 12 wk, survivors of the previous challenges were given a third DEX treatment, and all birds were necropsied 2 wk later. After the first series of DEX injections, mortality was increased in the 25D-supplemented birds that were given the DEX treatment and the E. coli challenge. After the second series of DEX injections, the main effect mean BW was significantly lower in birds given 1,25D as compared to controls and 25D-supplemented birds. Mortality was higher in 1,25D-supplemented birds that were challenged with E. coli at 5 wk and treated with DEX at 9 wk as compared to 25D-supplemented birds. The 1,25D-treated birds that were treated with DEX at 5 and 9 wk and challenged with E. coli at 5 wk had higher mortality and air sacculitis scores as compared to controls and 25D-treated birds. The main effect mean mortality was significantly higher in birds given 1,25D as compared to controls and 25D-treated birds. The percentage of birds with TOC lesions was decreased from 27% to 0 by 25D and 1,25D in the groups given two DEX treatments and E. coli challenge. After the third DEX treatment, BW of 1,25D-suppplemented birds was decreased, and mortality and air sacculitis scores were increased. Bone strength was generally increased by supplementation with 1,25D, whereas 25D supplementation increased bone strength only in birds challenged at 5 wk and treated with DEX at Weeks 9 and 12. In this study, supplementation with vitamin D metabolites decreased TOC incidence in E. coli-challenged birds given two DEX treatments. However, toxic effects were observed in most supplemented DEX-treated birds and may be attributed to an additive effect of DEX treatment, E. coli septicemia, and vitamin D supplementation. JF - Poultry science AU - Huff, G R AU - Huff, W E AU - Balog, J M AU - Rath, N C AU - Xie, H AU - Horst, R L AD - Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA. grhuff@uark.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 958 EP - 965 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Glucocorticoids KW - 0 KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Calcitriol KW - FXC9231JVH KW - Calcifediol KW - P6YZ13C99Q KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Escherichia coli Infections KW - Glucocorticoids -- administration & dosage KW - Dexamethasone -- administration & dosage KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Male KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Osteomyelitis -- prevention & control KW - Osteomyelitis -- etiology KW - Turkeys KW - Osteomyelitis -- veterinary KW - Poultry Diseases -- etiology KW - Calcitriol -- administration & dosage KW - Calcifediol -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71989228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+supplementation+with+vitamin+D+metabolites+in+an+experimental+model+of+turkey+osteomyelitis+complex.&rft.au=Huff%2C+G+R%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BBalog%2C+J+M%3BRath%2C+N+C%3BXie%2C+H%3BHorst%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=958&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of soil test phosphorus and sampling depth to runoff phosphorus in calcareous and noncalcareous soils. AN - 71985192; 12175059 AB - A study was initiated to investigate the relationship between soil test P and depth of soil sampling with runoff losses of dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorus (DMRP). Rainfall simulations were conducted on two noncalcareous soils, a Windthorst sandy loam (fine, mixed, thermic Udic Paleustalf) and a Blanket clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Pachic Argiustoll), and two calcareous soils, a Purves clay (clayey, smectitic, thermic Lithic Calciustoll) and a Houston Black clay (fine, smectitic, thermic Udic Haplustert). Soil (0- to 2.5-, 0- to 5-, and 0- to 15-cm depths) and runoff samples were collected from each of the four soils in permanent pasture exhibiting a wide range in soil test P levels (as determined by Mehlich III and distilled water extraction) due to prior manure applications. Simulated rain was used to produce runoff, which was collected for 30 min. Good regression equations were derived relating soil test P level to runoff DMRP for all four soil types, as indicated by relatively high r2 values (0.715 to 0.961, 0- to 5-cm depth). Differences were observed for the depth of sampling, with the most consistent results observed with the 0- to 5-cm sampling depth. Runoff DMRP losses as a function of the concentration of P in soil were lower in calcareous soils (maximum of 0.74 mg L(-1)) compared with noncalcareous soils (maximum of 1.73 mg L(-1)). The results indicate that a soil test for environmental P could be developed, but it would require establishing different soil test P level criteria for different soils or classes of soils. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Torbert, H A AU - Daniel, T C AU - Lemunyon, J L AU - Jones, R M AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Auburn, AL 36832-5806, USA. atorbert@ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1380 EP - 1387 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Soil KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Regression Analysis KW - Rain KW - Calcium -- chemistry KW - Water Movements KW - Phosphorus -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71985192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+soil+test+phosphorus+and+sampling+depth+to+runoff+phosphorus+in+calcareous+and+noncalcareous+soils.&rft.au=Torbert%2C+H+A%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BLemunyon%2C+J+L%3BJones%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Torbert&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A case report of sporadic ovine listerial menigoencephalitis in Iowa with an overview of livestock and human cases. AN - 71970882; 12152811 AB - A case of ovine listeriosis was examined in a flock of sheep. The index case was a male lamb, which was part of a flock of 85 sheep located in central Iowa. Because the sheep were raised on a premise where soybean sprouts were also cultivated for the organic foods market, the potential of a public health concern was addressed. To identify the source of contaminations, clinical and environmental samples were cultured for Listeria monocytogenes. Isolates were serotyped and analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Listeria monocytogenes (serotype 1) was recovered from the brain of a male lamb with clinical signs of listerial encephalitis. Isolates of serotypes 1 and 4 were also cultured from feces of clinically healthy lambs, compost piles, and soybean cleanings. By PFGE, the clinical isolate was distinctly different from the other isolates. Environmental isolates were identified as L. monocytogenes serotypes 1 and 4. However, by PFGE, none matched the profile of the single clinical isolate. Thus, the ultimate source of contamination is unknown. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Wesley, Irene V AU - Larson, David J AU - Harmon, Karen M AU - Luchansky, John B AU - Schwartz, Ann Ramos AD - Pre-Harvest Food Safety and Enteric Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 314 EP - 321 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Sheep KW - Humans KW - Feces -- virology KW - Serotyping KW - Brain -- virology KW - Iowa KW - Male KW - Meningitis, Listeria -- veterinary KW - Meningitis, Listeria -- pathology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Meningitis, Listeria -- transmission KW - Sheep Diseases -- transmission KW - Sheep Diseases -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71970882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=A+case+report+of+sporadic+ovine+listerial+menigoencephalitis+in+Iowa+with+an+overview+of+livestock+and+human+cases.&rft.au=Wesley%2C+Irene+V%3BLarson%2C+David+J%3BHarmon%2C+Karen+M%3BLuchansky%2C+John+B%3BSchwartz%2C+Ann+Ramos&rft.aulast=Wesley&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of the food and agriculture organization larval packet test to measure amitraz-susceptibility against ixodidae. AN - 71957720; 12144297 AB - Modifications of exposure time, substrate, and formulation were made to the Food and Agriculture Organization Larval Packet Test (LPT) to determine a combination suitable for measuring the susceptibility of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) to amitraz. Exposure time influenced the slope of the dose-response when paper was used as a substrate for amitraz. However, time did not influence the dose-response slope when nylon fabric was used as an amitraz substrate. Formulated amitraz produced results with less deviation from the log-probit model than technical amitraz. The combination of formulated amitraz and nylon fabric as a substrate for amitraz produced results that best fit the log-probit model. The modified FAO procedure (formulated amitraz/nylon substrate combination) was used to assay a Brazilian strain of B. microplus and a Panamanian strain of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille). Resistance ratios (95% CI) of 26.3 (25.7-26.9) and 7.3 (5.5-9.9) were calculated for the B. microplus and R. sanguineus strains, respectively. A discriminating dose of 0.03% amitraz was determined for B. microplus. This technique will help to locate amitraz resistant tick populations, provide data for improved control practices, and aid in the discovery of resistance mechanisms through synergist studies and verification of molecular techniques. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Miller, Robert J AU - Davey, Ronald B AU - George, John E AD - USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. robert.miller@ndvecc.navy.mil Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 645 EP - 651 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Toluidines KW - amitraz KW - 33IAH5017S KW - Index Medicus KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Animals KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Larva KW - United Nations KW - Toluidines -- pharmacology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Ixodidae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71957720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Modification+of+the+food+and+agriculture+organization+larval+packet+test+to+measure+amitraz-susceptibility+against+ixodidae.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Robert+J%3BDavey%2C+Ronald+B%3BGeorge%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calcium oxalate crystal morphology mutants from Medicago truncatula. AN - 71889896; 12111218 AB - Plants accumulate crystals of calcium oxalate in a variety of shapes and sizes. The mechanism(s) through which a plant defines the morphology of its crystals remains unknown. To gain insight into the mechanisms regulating crystal shapes, we conducted a mutant screen to identify the genetic determinants. This is the first reported mutant screen dedicated to the identification of crystal morphology mutants. A single leaf was harvested from individual Medicago truncatula L. plants that had been chemically mutagenized. Each leaf was visually inspected, using crossed-polarized light microscopy, for alterations in crystal shape and size. Seven different crystal morphology defective ( cmd) mutants were identified. Six cmd mutants were recessive and one dominant. Genetic analysis of the six recessive mutants suggested that each mutant was affected at a different locus. Each cmd mutant represents a new locus different than any previously identified. The plant phenotype of the cmd mutants appeared similar to that of the wild type in overall growth and development. This observation, coupled with the finding that several of the mutants had drastically altered the amount of calcium they partition into the oxalate crystal, questions current hypotheses regarding crystal function. Comparisons between the mutant crystals and those present in other legumes indicated the likelihood that simple point mutations contributed to the evolution of the variations in prismatic crystal shapes commonly observed in these plants today. The availability of cmd mutants provides the opportunity to investigate aspects of crystal shape and size that have been recalcitrant to previous approaches. JF - Planta AU - McConn, Michele M AU - Nakata, Paul A AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 380 EP - 386 VL - 215 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0935, 0032-0935 KW - Calcium Oxalate KW - 2612HC57YE KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Leaves -- ultrastructure KW - Plant Leaves -- physiology KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Mutagenesis KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Calcium Oxalate -- chemistry KW - Calcium Oxalate -- metabolism KW - Medicago -- genetics KW - Medicago -- chemistry KW - Medicago -- ultrastructure KW - Calcium Oxalate -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71889896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Planta&rft.atitle=Calcium+oxalate+crystal+morphology+mutants+from+Medicago+truncatula.&rft.au=McConn%2C+Michele+M%3BNakata%2C+Paul+A&rft.aulast=McConn&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=215&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Planta&rft.issn=00320935&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Security: Metaphor for the Millennium AN - 60676044; 200505455 AB - Examines environmental security & human security & their roles during the 20th century & into the 21st. Issues of environmental security, wars, & uneasy peace are interwoven, & the case of forest ecosystem health & composition illuminates the relationship between environment & human security. Conclusions are drawn concerning the potential of contemporary regional environmental efforts. L. Collins Leigh JF - Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations AU - Klubnikin, Kheryn AU - Causey, Douglas AD - USDA Forest Service Research & Development, Washington, DC Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 104 EP - 133 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1538-6589, 1538-6589 KW - Security KW - War KW - Environmental Degradation KW - Environmental Protection KW - Peace KW - Twentieth Century KW - Forestry KW - article KW - 9063: international relations; international relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60676044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seton+Hall+Journal+of+Diplomacy+and+International+Relations&rft.atitle=Environmental+Security%3A+Metaphor+for+the+Millennium&rft.au=Klubnikin%2C+Kheryn%3BCausey%2C+Douglas&rft.aulast=Klubnikin&rft.aufirst=Kheryn&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Seton+Hall+Journal+of+Diplomacy+and+International+Relations&rft.issn=15386589&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Twentieth Century; Environmental Degradation; Forestry; Environmental Protection; Security; War; Peace ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering AN - 52038402; 2003-004984 JF - Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering AU - Hanson, Gregory J AU - Simon, Andrew AU - Briaud, J L AU - Ting, F C K AU - Chen, H C AU - Cao, Y AU - Han, S W AU - Kwak, K W Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 627 EP - 628 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY VL - 128 IS - 7 SN - 1090-0241, 1090-0241 KW - soils KW - scour KW - methods KW - critical review KW - soil mechanics KW - physical properties KW - erosion KW - jet tests KW - mechanical properties KW - instruments KW - measurement KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52038402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geotechnical+and+Geoenvironmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Journal+of+Geotechnical+and+Geoenvironmental+Engineering&rft.au=Hanson%2C+Gregory+J%3BSimon%2C+Andrew%3BBriaud%2C+J+L%3BTing%2C+F+C+K%3BChen%2C+H+C%3BCao%2C+Y%3BHan%2C+S+W%3BKwak%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://scitation.aip.org/gto LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to original see Briaud, J. L., et al., Jour. Geotech. Geoenvir. Engin., Vol. 127, p. 105-113, 2001 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGENDZ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - critical review; erosion; instruments; jet tests; measurement; mechanical properties; methods; physical properties; scour; soil mechanics; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small Commercial Banks and the Federal Home Loan Bank System AN - 21097922; 11224618 AB - Increased competition within the financial services industry has raised concerns about the ability of small banks to adequately fund local rural development. To address these concerns, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 broadened small-bank access to Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) financing. Statistical analyses indicate that the following factors were significantly associated with the decisions of small banks headquartered in nonmetropolitan counties to obtain FHLB membership: bank size, affiliation with a bank holding company, exposure to interest rate risk, loan portfolio quality, liquidity pressure, dividend rates on FHLB stock, and binding membership requirements related to residential real estate-related assets. Many, but not all, of these factors were also significantly associated with the membership decisions of small banks headquartered in metropolitan counties. The decisions of both nonmetropolitan and metropolitan banks to use FHLB funding is significantly related to interest rate risk exposure, liquidity pressure, and net interest margins. Neither population trend nor rural county type variables are consistently significant in explaining either which small banks join FHLBs or which member banks borrow from FHLBs. JF - International Regional Science Review AU - Collender, Robert N AU - Frizell, Julie A AD - Rural Business and Development Policy Branch, Food and Rural Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 279 EP - 303 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0160-0176, 0160-0176 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - loans KW - financing KW - funds KW - rural development KW - Reviews KW - portfolios KW - service industries KW - interest rates KW - competition KW - Rural areas KW - R2 23070:Economics, organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21097922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Regional+Science+Review&rft.atitle=Small+Commercial+Banks+and+the+Federal+Home+Loan+Bank+System&rft.au=Collender%2C+Robert+N%3BFrizell%2C+Julie+A&rft.aulast=Collender&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Regional+Science+Review&rft.issn=01600176&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F016176025003004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - loans; financing; rural development; funds; Reviews; portfolios; service industries; Rural areas; competition; interest rates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016176025003004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicide effects of essential oils AN - 20218399; 5974346 AB - Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the herbicidal effect of plant-derived oils and to identify the active ingredient in an oil with herbicide activity. Twenty-five different oils were applied to detached leaves of dandelion in the laboratory. Essential oils (1%, v/v) from red thyme, summer savory, cinnamon, and clove were the most phytotoxic and caused electrolyte leakage resulting in cell death. Each of these essential oils in aqueous concentrations from 5 to 10% (v/v) plus two adjuvants (nonionic surfactant and paraffinic oil blend at 0.2% [v/v]) were applied to shoots of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and johnsongrass in the greenhouse; shoot death occurred within 1 h to 1 d after application. Essential oil of cinnamon had high herbicidal activity, and eugenol (2-methoxy-4-[2-propenyl]phenol) was determined to be this oil's major component (84%, v/v). Dandelion leaf disk and whole-plant assays verified that eugenol was the active ingredient in the essential oil of cinnamon. Essential oils are extracted from plants and thus may be useful as 'natural product herbicidesa for organic farming systems. Nomenclature: Cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum; clove, Syzgium aromaticum; red thyme, Thymus vulgaris; summer savory, Satureja hortensis; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEAL; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. AMBEL; dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers TAROF; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. SORHA. JF - Weed Science AU - Tworkoski, T AD - Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA, ARS, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, ttworkos@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 425 EP - 431 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Satureja hortensis KW - Ambrosia artemisiifolia KW - Sustainable development KW - Taraxacum officinale KW - Oil KW - Eugenia KW - greenhouses KW - shoots KW - essential oils KW - Thymus vulgaris KW - Chenopodium album KW - Cinnamomum zeylanicum KW - Mortality KW - Leakage KW - Laboratory testing KW - Sorghum halepense KW - Thymus KW - electrolytes KW - Herbicides KW - Organic farming KW - summer KW - Phytotoxicity KW - weeds KW - Surfactants KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20218399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Herbicide+effects+of+essential+oils&rft.au=Tworkoski%2C+T&rft.aulast=Tworkoski&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282002%290502.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-1745&volume=50&page=425 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thymus; Eugenia; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Taraxacum officinale; Sorghum halepense; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Chenopodium album; Satureja hortensis; Thymus vulgaris; Oil; essential oils; shoots; summer; Mortality; Herbicides; greenhouses; Organic farming; weeds; electrolytes; Surfactants; Leakage; Laboratory testing; Phytotoxicity; Sustainable development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2002)050<0425:HEOEO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Population Projections in Environmental Management AN - 19937074; 5854033 AB - California and other regions in the United States are becoming more populated and ethnically diverse, and thus, ecological impacts on the wildland-urban interface are a significant policy concern. In a socioeconomic assessment focused on the geographic regions surrounding four national forests in southern California, population projections are being formulated to assist in the update of forest plans. In southern California, the projected trend of explosive population growth combined with increased ethnic and racial diversity indicates four challenges for environmental management. First, patterns of recreation use on wildlands are likely to change, and management of these areas will have to address new needs. Second, as land-management agencies face changing constituencies, new methods of soliciting public involvement from ethnic and racial groups will be necessary. Third, growth in the region is likely to encroach upon wildland areas, affecting water, air, open space, and endangered species. Fourth, in order to address all these concerns in a climate of declining budgets, resource management agencies need to strengthen collaborative relationships with other agencies in the region. How environmental managers approach these changes has widespread implications for the ecological sustainability of forests in southern California. JF - Environmental Management AU - Struglia, R AU - Winter, P L AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, California 92507, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 13 EP - 23 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Population estimates KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Human Population KW - Resource management KW - Recreation sites KW - Population growth KW - Socioeconomics KW - Forests KW - Government policy KW - Sustainable development KW - Population dynamics KW - Environmental policy KW - environmental policy KW - Land use KW - Human impact KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - Recreation KW - Regional planning KW - USA, California KW - Environment management KW - USA, California, South KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M1 130:Population Research and Methodology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19937074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Population+Projections+in+Environmental+Management&rft.au=Struglia%2C+R%3BWinter%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Struglia&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-001-0068-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Recreation sites; Population growth; Sustainable development; Government policy; Forests; Population dynamics; Environmental policy; Land use; Human impact; Socio-economic aspects; Recreation; Environment management; Socioeconomics; Regional planning; environmental policy; USA, California; USA, California, South DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-001-0068-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental challenges associated with needed increases in global nitrogen fixation AN - 19645168; 5541243 AB - Human-induced input of fixed nitrogen (N) into the earth biosphere, primarily through combustion of fossil fuels, crop biological N-fixation and N-fertilizer use, has provided many human benefits. These benefits have not come, however, without significant cost. According to data compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, synthetic N fertilizer input into global agricultural systems increased from by approximately 430% ( similar to 19 to similar to 82 Tg N) from 1965 to 1998. During this period, global grain production, human population and global fossil fuel consumption increased about 250%, 190% and 240%, respectively. Although fuel consumption increased faster than population growth globally, land used to produce grain decreased from 0.2 to 0.12 ha/person over this 30-yr period. Grain production, however, increased 16%/person. Agricultural production increase has come through the use of new crop varieties which respond to increased N-fertilization, pesticide use, irrigation and mechanization. Even though agricultural production has increased dramatically, fertilizer N use efficiency remains relatively low. Globally fertilizer N use efficiency was approximately 50% in 1996. Since fertilizer N is not used efficiently in most parts of the world, N use in excess of crop potential utilization leads to losses to the environment through volatilization and leaching. These N losses result in N fertilization of pristine terrestrial and aquatic systems through NH sub(x) and NO sub(y)deposition and contribute to global greenhouse gases through N sub(2)O production and local elevated ozone concentrations due to NO sub(x) emission. Inefficient use of N and energy is exacerbated by the global inequity of use distribution. Some areas don't have enough while others use too much. Additionally, dietary patterns of food consumption which tend to be more inefficient, i.e. cereal-based diets compared to animal-based diets, are changing in global terms. The resulting increasing inefficiencies in N utilization in food production and in energy use lead to large-scale input of N into down wind and down stream terrestrial and aquatic systems. Increasing N-use-efficiency remains a clear goal by which to maintain food production while decreasing excessive N use and unwanted distribution in the environment. JF - Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems AU - Mosier, A R AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, amosier@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 101 EP - 116 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 63 IS - 2-3 SN - 1385-1314, 1385-1314 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Leaching KW - Fossil fuels KW - Agricultural production KW - Irrigation KW - agriculture KW - Energy consumption KW - Agrochemicals KW - Aquatic environment KW - Crops KW - Combustion KW - Fertilizers KW - fertilization KW - Wind energy KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - population growth KW - Pesticides KW - mechanization KW - United Nations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19645168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrient+Cycling+in+Agroecosystems&rft.atitle=Environmental+challenges+associated+with+needed+increases+in+global+nitrogen+fixation&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrient+Cycling+in+Agroecosystems&rft.issn=13851314&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Leaching; Fossil fuels; Agricultural production; Irrigation; agriculture; Energy consumption; Agrochemicals; Crops; Aquatic environment; Combustion; Fertilizers; fertilization; Nitrogen fixation; Wind energy; population growth; Pesticides; mechanization; United Nations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GROWING RICE GRAIN WITH CONTROLLED CADMIUM CONCENTRATIONS AN - 19307616; 8502228 AB - Two solution studies were conducted a) to investigate the uptake of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) by rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) and interaction between these elements, and b) to determine experimental conditions for growing rice grain with desired Cd concentration for an animal feeding study. In both studies, free metal activities of cadmium and cationic microelements were buffered by an excess of chelating agents. The first study was a factorial design with two Zn levels (1.0 and 3.89 A is a subset of M) and four Cd levels (0.81, 1.44, 2.56 and 4.55 A is a subset of M) in the solution. In the second study, rice was grown in two solutions of different micro- and macro-element compositions and three Cd levels (0.,0.5, and 2.0 A is a subset of M). In the first study, solution Zn concentration of 3.89 A is a subset of M and corresponding free metal activity (pZn2+) of 6.00 was toxic to young rice plants. With time, Zn concentrations in rice plants decreased while Cd concentrations increased. Toxic concentration of Cd in roots (about 100 mg kg-1) associated with a 20% reduction in the root dry matter occurred at the free Cd2+ activities in the solution (pCd2+) in the range of 10.25-9.75. Sufficient Zn level in plants slightly stimulated Cd transfer from roots to shoots as opposed to barely sufficient or slightly deficient Zn concentration in shoots. However, the better Zn status in plants clearly diminished severity of Cd toxicity symptoms in shoots. The use of nutrient solutions adapted for rice growth allowed the rice grown in the second experiment to produce grain under controlled conditions. Cadmium in the brown rice grain was 0.1 to 0.8 mg kg-1, covering the range needed for feeding experiments relevant to rice Cd risk to humans. Composition of the nutrient solutions, in addition to solution Cd level, had a significant effect on Cd concentration in grain. Correlation of grain Cd concentration with solution Cd2+ activity was much stronger than with total solution Cd. Results of both experiments supported hypothesis that Cd uptake and transport within rice plants is an active process. JF - Journal of Plant Nutrition AU - Kukier, Urszula AU - Chaney, Rufus L AD - USDA-ARS, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 1793 EP - 1820 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk] VL - 25 IS - 8 SN - 0190-4167, 0190-4167 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Metals KW - Symptoms KW - Heavy metals KW - Oryza sativa KW - dry matter KW - Pollution effects KW - Roots KW - Toxicity KW - Cations KW - Zinc KW - shoots KW - Uptake KW - Feeding experiments KW - Cadmium KW - plant nutrition KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19307616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.atitle=GROWING+RICE+GRAIN+WITH+CONTROLLED+CADMIUM+CONCENTRATIONS&rft.au=Kukier%2C+Urszula%3BChaney%2C+Rufus+L&rft.aulast=Kukier&rft.aufirst=Urszula&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1793&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.issn=01904167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FPLN-120006058 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Symptoms; Cations; Heavy metals; Roots; Feeding experiments; Uptake; Pollution effects; Cadmium; Toxicity; Metals; Zinc; shoots; dry matter; plant nutrition; Oryza sativa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120006058 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Semen Samples of Commercial Broiler Breeder Roosters AN - 19288236; 5655822 AB - Pooled semen samples from 12 groups of mature commercial broiler breeder roosters were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter. Each of the 12 groups was comprised of eight individuals and was sampled weekly for five consecutive weeks. Once a day, roosters were allowed to have a restricted amount of feed after the semen samples were collected by abdominal massage. This feeding schedule reduced the amount of fecal contamination in and around the vent as well as in the semen sample. For replications 1, 2, and 3, the numbers of Campylobacter-positive groups were 8, 5, and 5, respectively, out of 12. For replications 4 and 5, 6 of 8 and 6 of 11 groups were positive, respectively. Only two groups were positive for Campylobacter at all sampling times, two groups were negative each time, and eight groups produced variable results. Also, fecal droppings, external swabs of the genitalia, and semen samples were taken from individual roosters between 49 to 65 wk of age. Of the total 275 semen samples collected, 9.47% contained naturally occurring Campylobacter, whereas 9.6% of 114 fecal droppings and 7.9% of the 114 genital swabs were positive. Levels of the organism present in the fecal samples ranged from 1.0 to 4.2 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g with an average of 2.9 log CFU/g feces. For semen, the levels ranged from as low as enrichment recovery only to as high as 3.1 log CFU/ml of semen with an average of 1.2 log CFU/ml. For swabs of genitalia, the levels of Campylobacter were so low that recovery was achieved only through enrichment. These data suggest that rooster semen may serve as a vehicle for transmission of Campylobacter to the reproductive tract of the hen and subsequently to the fertile egg.Original Abstract: Nota de investigacion -Aislamiento de Campylobacter spp a partir de muestras de semen de machos reproductores de engorde comerciales. capital sigma e analizaron muestras de semen combinadas obtenidas de 12 grupos de machos reproductores de engorde adultos para la presencia de Campylobacter. Cada uno de los 12 grupos tenia 8 aves, de las cuales se tomaron muestras semanales durante un periodo de 5 semanas. Las aves fueron alimentadas una vez por dia con cantidades restringidas de alimento, despues de haberse tomado la muestra de semen mediante masaje abdominal. Este regimen alimenticio disminuyo la contaminacion fecal alrededor de la cloaca y en las muestras de semen obtenidas. En las replicas experimentales 1, 2 y 3, el numero de muestras positivas a la presencia de Campylobacter fue 8, 5 y 5 de 12, respectivamente. En las replicas experimentales 4 y 5, el numero de muestras positivas fue 8 y 6 de 11, respectivamente. Solo dos de los grupos fueron positivos a la presencia de Campylobacter en todas las muestras tomadas en el periodo de 5 semanas, dos de los grupos fueron resultaron en todas las muestras tomadas, mientras que los ocho grupos restantes produjeron negativos variados. Tambien se tomaron muestras de heces, hisopos de genitales externos y semen, a partir de gallos entre las 49 y 65 semanas de edad. De un total de 275 muestras de semen tomadas, 9.47% fueron positivas a la presencia de Campylobacter, mientras que un 9.6% de las 144 muestras de heces y 7.9% de 114 hisopos de genitales externos fueron positivos a la presencia del microorganismo. Los niveles de la bacteria en las muestras de heces variaron de un 1.0 a 4.2 logaritmos de unidades formadoras de colonia (UFC) por gramo de muestra, para un promedio de 2.9 logaritmos de UFC por gramo. En las muestras de semen lo niveles variaron desde recuperacion del microorganismo mediante cultivo de enriquecimiento solamente hasta 3.1 logaritmos de UFC por mililitro de muestra, para un promedio de 1.2 logaritmos de UFC por mililitro. En los hisopos de genitales los niveles de Campylobacter fueron tan bajos que el aislamiento del microorganismo solo fue posible mediante enriquecimiento del cultivo. Estos datos sugieren que el semen de los gallos puede servir como vehiculo para la transmision del Campylobacter al tracto reproductor de las gallinas y, subsecuentemente, a los huevos fertiles. double prime bbreviation: CFU = colony-forming units JF - Avian Diseases AU - Cox, NA AU - Stern, N J AU - Wilson, J L AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Buhr, R J AU - Hiett, K L AD - Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 717 EP - 720 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Feeding KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Contamination KW - Replication KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Campylobacter KW - Semen KW - Genitalia KW - Sampling KW - Feces KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Campylobacter+spp.+from+Semen+Samples+of+Commercial+Broiler+Breeder+Roosters&rft.au=Cox%2C+NA%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BHiett%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280717%3AIOCSFS%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feeding; Age; Data processing; Contamination; Replication; Colony-forming cells; Genitalia; Semen; Sampling; Feces; Campylobacter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0717:IOCSFS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a New Source of Campylobacter Contamination in Poultry: Transmission from Breeder Hens to Broiler Chickens AN - 19288176; 5655798 AB - Campylobacter jejuni, a foodborne pathogen closely associated with market poultry, is considered to be the most frequent agent of human gastroenteritis in the United States. The pathways involved in the contamination of poultry flocks, vertical transmission and /or horizontal transmission, are unclear. In this study, Campylobacter isolates from two independent commercial broiler breeder flocks, as well as from their respective progeny, were characterized and compared by Pst I ribotype analysis and by DNA sequence analysis of the short variable region (SVR) of the fla A gene (fla A SVR). Campylobacter isolates originating from one set of breeder hens and the feces from their respective progeny demonstrated identical ribotype patterns as well as identical fla A SVR DNA sequences, thereby suggesting that these isolates were clonal in origin. Ribotype analysis of Campylobacter isolates from the second set of breeder hens and processed carcasses from their offspring resulted in two patterns. Sequence analysis placed these isolates into two closely related groups and one distant group, similar to the ribotype analysis. These results demonstrate that Campylobacter isolates from commercial broiler breeder flocks and from the respective broiler progeny may be of clonal origin and that breeder hens can serve as a source for Campylobacter contamination in poultry flocks.Original Abstract: Identificacion de una nueva fuente de contaminacion por Campylobacter en avicultura: Transmision de las gallinas reproductoras a los pollos de engorde. eta l Campylobacter jejuni es un patogeno contaminante de los alimentos muy relacionado con la avicultura comercial y es considerado como la causa mas frecuente de gastroenteritis en humanos dentro de los Estados Unidos. Los mecanismos involucrados en la contaminacion de parvadas avicolas, sea por transmision vertical u horizontal, no han sido completamente aclarados. En este estudio, aislamientos de Campylobacter de dos parvadas de reproductoras pesadas indenpendientes entre si, asi como de sus progenies, se caracterizaron y comparararon por analisis de ribotipos PstI y por analisis de las secuencias de DNA de una region variable corta del gen flaA (flaA SVR). Los aislamientos de Campylobacter originados de un grupo de gallinas reproductoras y las excretas de su respectiva progenie demostraron patrones de ribotipos y secuencias de flaA SVR identicos, sugiriendo por lo tanto, que estos aislamientos comparten el mismo origen clonal. El analisis de ribotipos de los aislamientos de Campylobacter de un segundo grupo de reproductoras y las canales procesadas de su progenie mostraron dos patrones. Mediante analisis de secuencias estos aislamientos fueron clasificados en dos grupos cercanamente relacionados y otro mas distante pero similar por analisis de ribotipos. Estos resultados demuestran que los aislamientos de Campylobacter de reproductoras comerciales y de su respectiva progenie pueden compartir el mismo origen clonal y que las gallinas reproductoras pueden servir como fuente de contaminacion por Campylobacter en parvadas avicolas. double prime bbreviation: SVR = short variable region JF - Avian Diseases AU - Cox, NA AU - Stern, N J AU - Hiett, K L AU - Berrang, ME AD - Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 535 EP - 541 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Poultry KW - poultry KW - Contamination KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Food KW - Pathogens KW - Disease transmission KW - USA KW - Carcasses KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - gastroenteritis KW - DNA KW - Progeny KW - Feces KW - Gastroenteritis KW - offspring KW - Variable region KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+New+Source+of+Campylobacter+Contamination+in+Poultry%3A+Transmission+from+Breeder+Hens+to+Broiler+Chickens&rft.au=Cox%2C+NA%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BHiett%2C+K+L%3BBerrang%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280535%3AIOANSO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poultry; Carcasses; Contamination; Food; Nucleotide sequence; Progeny; Pathogens; Gastroenteritis; Feces; Disease transmission; Variable region; Fecal coliforms; poultry; gastroenteritis; DNA; offspring; Campylobacter jejuni; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0535:IOANSO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of Salmonella enteritidis Contamination in Eggs After Oral, Aerosol, and Intravenous Inoculation of Laying Hens AN - 19285593; 5655810 AB - Experimental infection models are useful tools for understanding how Salmonella enteritidis is deposited in eggs and for testing potential strategies to control eggborne transmission of disease to humans. Oral inoculation of laying hens is presumed to provide the closest simulation of naturally occurring infections, but alternatives such as intravenous or aerosol inoculation have sometimes been recommended as options to induce higher incidences of egg contamination. The present study compared the frequency, level, and location of S. enteritidis deposition in egg contents after experimental inoculation by three different routes. In two replicate trials, specific-pathogen-free laying hens were infected with an S. enteritidis culture mixture prepared to optimize invasive behavior. Groups of hens received either an oral dose of 109 S. enteritidis, an aerosol dose of 109 S. enteritidis, or an intravenous dose of 105-107 S. enteritidis. Oral inoculation led to the highest incidence of fecal shedding of S. enteritidis, whereas intravenous inoculation produced the highest specific antibody titers. Eggs laid during the first 21 days postinoculation were cultured to detect and enumerate S. enteritidis in the yolk and albumen. No significant differences were observed among the three inoculation routes in the frequencies of isolation of S. enteritidis from either yolk or albumen. For all three routes of administration, S. enteritidis was recovered more often from yolk (at frequencies ranging from 4% to 7%) than from albumen (0 to 2%). Over 73% of contaminated eggs harbored fewer than 1 colony-forming unit (CFU) of S. enteritidis per milliliter, and only 3% of such eggs contained more than 100 CFUs/ml. Significantly higher levels of S. enteritidis contaminants were associated with intravenous inoculation than with the other routes. No advantage of using aerosol or intravenous administration of S. enteritidis as an alternative to oral inoculation for inducing the production of contaminated eggs was evident in this study.Original Abstract: Caracteristicas de la contaminacion por Salmonela enteriditis en huevos, despues de la inoculacion de gallinas ponedoras por las vias oral, intravenosa y aerosol. Lambda os modelos de infecciones experimentales son herramientas utiles para entender como la Salmonela enteriditis es transmitida a los huevos y para ensayar estrategias potenciales de control de la transmision del patogeno a humanos a traves de los alimentos. Se presume que la inoculacion por via oral en gallinas ponedoras proporciona el sistema mas cercano a la infeccion natural, pero otras vias de inoculacion, tales como la intravenosa o respiratoria mediante la aplicacion de aerosoles, han sido recomendadas como rutas opcionales con el fin de inducir una mayor incidencia de contaminacion en los huevos. En este trabajo se compararon la frecuencia, niveles y localizacion de la infeccion por S. enteriditis en huevos despues de la inoculacion experimental del microorganismo por tres vias diferentes. En dos experimentos repetidos se inocularon gallinas ponedoras libres de patogenos especificos con un cultivo mixto de S. enteriditis, preparado con el fin optimizar la capacidad invasiva del microorganismo. Se inocularon diferentes grupos de gallinas con una dosis oral de 109 celulas bacterianas, o una aplicacion por aerosol de una dosis de 109 celulas bacterianas, o una dosis de 105-107 celulas bacterianas por via intravenosa. La inoculacion oral produjo la mayor incidencia de diseminacion fecal del microorganismo, mientras que la inoculacion intravenosa produjo los niveles mas altos de anticuerpos especificos. Los huevos puestos durante los primeros 21 dias despues de la inoculacion fueron examinados para detectar y enumerar los niveles de S. enteriditis en la yema y albumina de los mismos. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las frecuencias de aislamiento de la S. enteriditis en la yema y albumina de los huevos obtenidos de las aves en los grupos inoculados por las diferentes vias usadas en este estudio. En todos los grupos experimentales la incidencia de aislamiento del microorganismo fue mayor a partir de las yemas (4% a 7%), que a partir de la albumina (0 a 2%) de los huevos examinados. Mas del 73% de los huevos contaminados presentaron menos de una unidad formadora de colonias (UFC) por mililitro de material, y solo un 3% de los mismos presento mas de 100 UFC por mililitro. Niveles significativamente mas altos de contaminacion por el microorganismo se presentaron en los animales inoculados por la via intravenosa. En este estudio no se encontraron ventajas en el uso de las tecnicas de inoculacion mediante aerosoles o inoculacion intravenosa de la S. enteriditis en comparacion con la inoculacion por via oral, para la produccion de huevos contaminados por la bacteria. double prime bbreviations: BG = brilliant green; CFU = colony-forming unit; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; RV = Rappaport-Vassiliadis; TS = tryptone soya JF - Avian Diseases AU - Gast, R K AU - Guard-Petter, J AU - Holt, P S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 629 EP - 635 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Experimental infection KW - Aerosols KW - Intravenous administration KW - Contamination KW - Inoculation route KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Eggs KW - Models KW - Yolk KW - Disease transmission KW - Antibodies KW - Albumen KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Inoculation KW - Contaminants KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19285593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+Contamination+in+Eggs+After+Oral%2C+Aerosol%2C+and+Intravenous+Inoculation+of+Laying+Hens&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BGuard-Petter%2C+J%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280629%3ACOSECI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Intravenous administration; Aerosols; Experimental infection; Contamination; Inoculation route; Eggs; Disease transmission; Yolk; Models; Albumen; Antibodies; Colony-forming cells; Inoculation; Contaminants; Salmonella enteritidis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0629:COSECI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Processes and forms of an unstable alluvial system with resistant, cohesive streambeds AN - 18908673; 5444971 AB - As a response to channelization projects undertaken near the turn of the 20th century and in the late 1960s, upstream reaches and tributaries of the Yalobusha River, Mississippi, USA, have been rejuvenated by upstream-migrating knick-points. Sediment and woody vegetation delivered to the channels by mass failure of streambanks has been transported downstream to form a large sediment/debris plug where the downstream end of the channelized reach joins an unmodified sinuous reach. Classification within a model of channel evolution and analysis of thalweg elevations and channel slopes indicates that downstream reaches have equilibrated but that upstream reaches are actively degrading. The beds of degrading reaches are characterized by firm, cohesive clays of two formations of Palaeocene age. The erodibility of these clay beds was determined with a jet-test device and related to critical shear stresses and erosion rates. Repeated surveys indicated that knickpoint migration rates in these clays varied from 0 times 7 to 12 m a super(-1), and that these rates and migration processes are highly dependent upon the bed substrate. Resistant clay beds of the Porters Creek Clay formation have restricted advancement of knickpoints in certain reaches and have caused a shift in channel adjustment processes towards bank failures and channel widening. Channel bank material accounts for at least 85 per cent of the material derived from the channel boundaries of the Yalobusha River system. Strategies to reduce downstream flooding problems while preventing upstream erosion and land loss are being contemplated by action agencies. One such proposal involves removal of the sediment/debris plug. Bank stability analyses that account for pore-water and confining pressures have been conducted for a range of hydrologic conditions to aid in predicting future channel response. If the sediment/debris plug is removed to improve downstream drainage, care should be taken to provide sufficient time for drainage of groundwater from the channel banks so as not to induce accelerated bank failures. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Simon, A AU - Thomas, R E AD - c/o A. Simon, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, asimon@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 699 EP - 718 VL - 27 IS - 7 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - Bank failures KW - USA, Mississippi, Yalobusha R. KW - knick-points KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Erosion KW - Flood control KW - Fluvial morphology KW - Mass Wasting KW - Channeling KW - Freshwater KW - Drainage Patterns KW - Streams KW - River engineering KW - Clays KW - Channels KW - Erosion KW - River banks KW - Fluvial sedimentation KW - Ground water KW - Fluvial transport KW - Geology KW - Sediment transport KW - River basin management KW - Erosion control KW - Cohesive sediments KW - River beds KW - Q2 09321:General KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18908673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Processes+and+forms+of+an+unstable+alluvial+system+with+resistant%2C+cohesive+streambeds&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BThomas%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.347 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluvial morphology; Flood control; River engineering; Clays; Channels; Erosion; River banks; Fluvial sedimentation; Fluvial transport; Ground water; Sediment transport; River basin management; River beds; Cohesive sediments; Erosion control; Sediment Erosion; Mass Wasting; Channeling; Geology; Drainage Patterns; Streams; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.347 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiscale habitat relationships of stream amphibians in the Klamath-Siskiyou Region of California and Oregon AN - 18837443; 5489817 AB - Regional amphibian distribution patterns can vary greatly depending on species and the spatial scale of inquiry (e.g., landscape to microenvironment). These differences appear to be related both to habitat selection among species as well as availability of suitable habitats across scales. We sampled amphibians in 39 .second- and third-order streams in the conifer-hardwood forests of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, USA (the Klamath-Siskiyou Region) during 1984 and 1985. We concurrently measured spatial, structural, compositional, and climatic attributes of the forest and stream environment--attributes representing landscape, macroenvironment, and microenvironment scales--to determine key habitat relationships. We captured 7 species, 97% of which were larval and paedomorphic Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) and larval and adult tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei). Streams in late seral forests supported both the highest diversity of amphibians and the highest densities of A. truei. Overall, A. truei distribution was patchy in occurrence, while D. tenebrosus distribution was widespread throughout the region at all scales. The incidence of A. truei was assessable at the landscape, macroenvironment, and microenvironment scales; however, variation in density was most predictable at the microenvironment scale. Changes in density of D. tenebrosus were detected only at the microenvironment scale. Tree size class and plant species composition variables distinguishing younger from older, more structurally complex forests, and forest microclimates and in-stream attributes best determined the presence and density for both life stages of A. truei. However, only in-stream conditions were good predictors of D. tenebrosus density. A. truei occupied a narrower range of habitat conditions than D. tenebrosus, exhibiting an ecological dependence on lotic and riparian environments found more reliably in late seral forests. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Welsh, HH Jr AU - Lind, A J AD - USDA Forest Service, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95521, USA, hwelshCOfs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 581 EP - 602 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Tailed frog KW - USA, Klamath-Siskiyou Region KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Wildlife management KW - Amphibiotic species KW - Landscape KW - Abundance KW - Population density KW - Forests KW - Biodiversity KW - USA, Oregon, Siskiyou Mts. KW - Dicamptodon tenebrosus KW - Freshwater KW - Habitat selection KW - Streams KW - Distribution records KW - USA, California, Klamath Basin KW - Species diversity KW - Microenvironments KW - Wetlands KW - USA, California KW - USA, Oregon KW - Ascaphus truei KW - Scaling KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08322:Geographical distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18837443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Multiscale+habitat+relationships+of+stream+amphibians+in+the+Klamath-Siskiyou+Region+of+California+and+Oregon&rft.au=Welsh%2C+HH+Jr%3BLind%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Welsh&rft.aufirst=HH&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Distribution records; Amphibiotic species; Abundance; Biodiversity; Wetlands; Habitat selection; Wildlife management; Species diversity; Landscape; Population density; Microenvironments; Forests; Scaling; Streams; Dicamptodon tenebrosus; Ascaphus truei; USA, California, Klamath Basin; USA, Oregon, Siskiyou Mts.; USA, California; USA, Oregon; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probability of detecting marbled murrelets at sea: Effects of single versus paired observers AN - 18836962; 5490217 AB - Density estimates for marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) are obtained from at-sea surveys, but survey methods vary among regions. We compared the performance of a single observer with that of an observer operating in a paired-observer team in detecting marbled murrelets during marine surveys in the San Juan Islands, Washington, USA. Performance was measured against an independent observer (IO) who selected a sample of birds; we used this sample to determine the proportion detected by the observer(s). To represent probability of success, we used a function that was the product of a half-normal detection function modified to incorporate scale covariates and a logistic function to represent detection probability on the line, g(0). We used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to select the set of covariates (murrelet group size and behavior, observer, wave height, cloud cover, and the number of primary observers) that best explained variability in g(0) and scale (effect of distance on detection probability). Single observers detected 80% of 274 targets, and paired observers detected 84% of 343 targets selected by the IO. Detection probability was affected by observer, murrelet behavior, and group size; wave height influenced the effect of distance on detection probability. Estimates of detection probability on the line [g(0) ] ranged from 0.78 to 0.95 with a single observer; average estimates from paired observers were similarly biased (0.84 to 0.93), but less variable. Options for surveying include retaining single- or paired-observer surveys and accepting bias and variability from g(0) < 1, attempting to reduce bias by using 2 or more observers in a different configuration with a different search pattern, or using an independent observer to remove bias. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Mack, DE AU - Raphael, M G AU - Laake, J L AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd Avenue SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA, devans02@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 865 EP - 873 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Marbled murrelet KW - observer bias KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Brachyramphus marmoratus KW - Marine KW - Marine birds KW - Population characteristics KW - Abundance KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys KW - Mathematical analysis KW - USA, Washington KW - Distribution records KW - INE, USA, Washington, San Juan Archipelago KW - Monitoring KW - Observation methods KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Q1 08362:Geographical distribution KW - Q1 08182:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18836962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Probability+of+detecting+marbled+murrelets+at+sea%3A+Effects+of+single+versus+paired+observers&rft.au=Mack%2C+DE%3BRaphael%2C+M+G%3BLaake%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine birds; Distribution records; Population characteristics; Abundance; Statistical analysis; Surveys; Mathematical analysis; Monitoring; Observation methods; Brachyramphus marmoratus; USA, Washington; INE, USA, Washington, San Juan Archipelago; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cavity-nester habitat development in artificially made Douglas-fir snags AN - 18624374; 5489823 AB - Standing dead trees, or snags, are a source of foraging habitat and nesting cavities for wildlife. We evaluated the efficacy of creating Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) snags (by girdling, silvicide treatment, and topping) and their influence on deterioration rate by describing bark beetle activity, fungal colonization, and use by cavity nesters. To compare the development of artificial with natural fungal infection, we inoculated snags with Fomitopsis pinicola, Fomitopsis cajanderi, Phellinus pini, and Phlebiopsis gigantea. Silvicide-treated and fully topped trees took just over 1 year to die; girdled trees took slightly over 2 years to die. Trees topped at mid-crown that died took almost 3 years. Top breakage began 4 years after treatment. Neither snag-creation methods nor artificial inoculation directly affected bark beetle (Dendroctonus spp., Ips spp.) activity or the presence of externally visible fungal fruiting bodies 4 years after treatment. Native decay fungi, particularly Trichaptum abietinum and Cryptoporus volvatus, extensively colonized snag sapwood. Snag-creation method and artificial inoculation did not appreciably affect woodpecker activity after 4 years. Rather, length of time the snag had been dead had the most influence on bird use. All snags except the living mid-crown topped trees provided foraging habitat and may be a suitable condition for cavity-nest excavation. Pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus), hairy woodpeckers (Picoides villosus), and other species excavated and de-barked the created snags during foraging, and possibly during nesting activity. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Brandeis, T J AU - Newton, M AU - Filip, G M AU - Cole, E C AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, PO. Box 25000, San Juan, PR 00928, USA, tbrandeis@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 625 EP - 633 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Douglas spruce KW - Douglas-fir KW - Hairy woodpecker KW - Pileated woodpecker KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18624374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Cavity-nester+habitat+development+in+artificially+made+Douglas-fir+snags&rft.au=Brandeis%2C+T+J%3BNewton%2C+M%3BFilip%2C+G+M%3BCole%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Brandeis&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of Cell Surface Charge and Hydrophobicity to Strength of Attachment of Bacteria to Cantaloupe Rind AN - 18612564; 5509890 AB - The cantaloupe melon has been associated with outbreaks of Salmonella infections. It is suspected that bacterial surface charge and hydrophobicity may affect bacterial attachment and complicate bacterial detachment from cantaloupe surfaces. The surface charge and hydrophobicity of strains of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (O157:H7 and non-O157:H7), and Listeria monocytogenes were determined by electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, respectively. Initial bacterial attachment to cantaloupe surfaces and the ability of bacteria to resist removal by washing with water were compared with surface charge and hydrophobicity. Whole cantaloupes were submerged in inocula containing individual strains or in cocktails containing Salmonella, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, either as a mixture of strains containing all three genera or as a mixture of strains belonging to a single genus, for 10 min. Inoculated cantaloupes were dried for 1 h in a biosafety cabinet and then stored for up to 7 days at 4 degree C. Inoculated melons were washed with water, and bacteria still attached to the melon surface, as well as those in the wash water, were enumerated. Initial bacterial attachment was highest for individual strains of E. coli and lowest for L. monocytogenes, but Salmonella exhibited the strongest attachment on days 0, 3, and 7. When mixed-genus cocktails were used, the relative degrees of attachment of the three genera ware altered. The attachment of Salmonella strains was the strongest, but the attachment of E. coli was more extensive than that of L. monocytogenes on days 0, 3, and 7. There was a linear correlation between bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity (r super(2) = 0.767), negative charge (r super(2) = 0.738), and positive charge (r super(2) = 0.724) and the strength of bacterial attachment to cantaloupe surfaces. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Ukuku, DO AU - Fett, W F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 1093 EP - 1099 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18612564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+Cell+Surface+Charge+and+Hydrophobicity+to+Strength+of+Attachment+of+Bacteria+to+Cantaloupe+Rind&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+DO%3BFett%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1093&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using a land cover classification based on satellite imagery to improve the precision of forest inventory area estimates AN - 18582400; 5410404 AB - Estimates of forest area were obtained for the states of Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, and Missouri in the United States using stratified analyses and observations from forest inventory plots measured in federal fiscal year 1999. Strata were created by aggregating the land cover classes of the National Land Cover Data (NLCD), and strata weights were calculated as proportions of strata pixel counts. The analyses focused on improving the precision of unbiased forest area estimates and included evaluation of the correspondence between forest/nonforest aggregations of the NLCD classes and observed attributes of forest inventory plots, evaluation of the utility of the NLCD as a stratification tool, and estimation of the effects on precision of image registration and plot location errors. The results indicate that the combination of NLCD-based stratification of inventory plots and stratified analyses increases the precision of forest area estimates and that the estimates are only slightly adversely affected by image registration and plot location errors. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - McRoberts, R E AU - Wendt, D G AU - Nelson, MD AU - Hansen, M H AD - Forest Inventory and Analysis, North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, rmcroberts@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 36 EP - 44 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Forests KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Land classification KW - Inventories KW - Remote sensing KW - USA, Midwest KW - Cover KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18582400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Using+a+land+cover+classification+based+on+satellite+imagery+to+improve+the+precision+of+forest+inventory+area+estimates&rft.au=McRoberts%2C+R+E%3BWendt%2C+D+G%3BNelson%2C+MD%3BHansen%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=McRoberts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Midwest; Cover; Land classification; Inventories; Remote sensing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Group 16SrIII Phytoplasma Lineages in Lithuania Exhibit rRNA Interoperon Sequence Heterogeneity AN - 18581109; 5442958 AB - Previously undescribed phytoplasmas were detected in diseased plants of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) exhibiting virescence of flowers, thistle (Cirsium arvense) exhibiting symptoms of white leaf, and a Gaillardia sp. exhibiting symptoms of stunting and phyllody in Lithuania. On the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rDNA amplified in PCR, the dandelion virescence (DanVir), cirsium whiteleaf (CirWL), and gaillardia phyllody (GaiPh) phytoplasmas were classified in phylogenetic group 16SrIII (X-disease phytoplasma group), new subgroups III-P and III-R and subgroup III-B, respectively. RFLP and nucleotide sequence analyses revealed 16S rRNA interoperon sequence heterogeneity in the two rRNA operons, rrnA and rrnB, of both DanVir and CirWL. Results from phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of 16S rDNA were consistent with recognition of the two new subgroups as representatives of distinct new lineages within the group 16SrIII phytoplasma subclade. The branching order of rrnA and rrnB sequences in the phylogenetic tree supported this interpretation and indicated recent common ancestry of the two rRNA operons in each of the phytoplasmas exhibiting interoperon heterogeneity. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Davis, R AU - Valiunas, D AU - Alminaite, A AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 507 EP - 517 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 108 IS - 6 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - Canada thistle KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18581109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=New+Group+16SrIII+Phytoplasma+Lineages+in+Lithuania+Exhibit+rRNA+Interoperon+Sequence+Heterogeneity&rft.au=Jomantiene%2C+R%3BDavis%2C+R%3BValiunas%2C+D%3BAlminaite%2C+A&rft.aulast=Jomantiene&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of bovine mammary gland EST and functional annotation of the Bos taurus gene index AN - 18544576; 5508614 AB - Functional genomic studies of the mammary gland require an appropriate collection of cDNA sequences to assess gene expression patterns from the different developmental and operational states of underlying cell types. To better capture the range of gene expression, a normalized cDNA library was constructed from pooled bovine mammary tissues, and 23,202 expressed sequence tags (EST) were produced and deposited into GenBank. Assembly of these EST with sequences in the Bos taurus Gene Index (BtGI) helped to form 5751 of the current 23,883 tentative consensus (TC) sequences. The majority (87%) of these 5751 assemblies contained only one to three mammary-derived EST. In contrast, 18% of the mammary EST assembled with TC sequences corresponding to 12 genes. These results suggest library normalization was only partially effective, because the reduction in EST for genes abundantly transcribed during lactation could be attributed to pooling. For better assessment of novel content in the mammary library and to add to existing annotation of all bovine sequence elements, gene ontology assignments, and comparative sequence analyses against human genome sequence, human and rodent gene indices, and an index of orthologous alignments of genes across eukaryotes (TOGA) were performed, and results were added to existing BtGI annotation. Over 35,000 of the bovine elements significantly matched human genome sequence, and the positions of some alignments (3%) were unique relative to those using human expressed sequences. Because 3445 TC sequences had no significant match with any data set, mammary-derived cDNA clones representing 23 of these elements were analyzed further for expression and novelty. Only one clone met criteria suggesting the corresponding gene was a divergent ortholog or expressed sequence unique to cattle. These results demonstrate that bovine sequence expression data serve as a resource for characterizing mammalian transcriptomes and identifying those genes potentially unique to ruminants. JF - Mammalian Genome AU - Sonstegard, T S AU - Capuco, A V AU - White, J AU - Van Tassell, CP AU - Connor, EE AU - Cho, J AU - Sultana, R AU - Shade, L AU - Wray, JE AU - Wells, K D AU - Quackenbush, J AD - USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, tads@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 373 EP - 379 VL - 13 IS - 7 SN - 0938-8990, 0938-8990 KW - Domesticated cattle KW - True cattle KW - expressed sequence tags KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07413:Domestic animals (cattle) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18544576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mammalian+Genome&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+bovine+mammary+gland+EST+and+functional+annotation+of+the+Bos+taurus+gene+index&rft.au=Sonstegard%2C+T+S%3BCapuco%2C+A+V%3BWhite%2C+J%3BVan+Tassell%2C+CP%3BConnor%2C+EE%3BCho%2C+J%3BSultana%2C+R%3BShade%2C+L%3BWray%2C+JE%3BWells%2C+K+D%3BQuackenbush%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sonstegard&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mammalian+Genome&rft.issn=09388990&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00335-001-2145-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00335-001-2145-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using field topographic descriptors to estimate soil water retention AN - 18500523; 5463117 AB - In field-, watershed-, and regional-scale projects, soil water retention is often estimated from soil textural classes shown in soil maps. The textural classes are relatively broad, often only the dominating textural class is shown, cartographers routinely use error-prone field judgments of soil texture, and soil texture is known to vary along slopes and to depend on the land surface shape. We, therefore, hypothesized that including topographic information in water retention estimation would increase accuracy. To test this hypothesis, we extracted data on 216 soil pedons for soils of moderate and large extent from the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) soil characterization database. Textural classes, genetic horizon numbers, slopes, position on the slope classes, and land surface shape classes were the field descriptors that we used to estimate water retention at -33 and -1500 kPa potentials for each horizon in each pedon. Because our input variables were both categorical and continuous, regression trees were used for subdividing the samples into the smallest number of the most homogeneous groups, which we tentatively called topotextural groups (TTG). The jackknife cross-validation was used to prune the regression trees to prevent overparameterization. Ten or fewer TTGs were defined for both the -33 and the -1500 kPa retention. The TTGs were different for the two matric potential levels. Using topographic variables and soil horizon seemed to be the most accurate way to make up for errors made in field determination of texture. For the A horizon, the topotextural grouping resulted in estimates that were more accurate than those using laboratory textures only. Although most of the topographic variables in this work are categorical, those variables seemed to be useful for improving estimates of water retention. JF - Soil Science AU - Rawls, W J AU - Pachepsky, YA AD - Animal Waste Pathogen Laboratory, USDA-REE-ARS-BA-ANRI-AWPL, Bldg. 173, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 423 EP - 435 VL - 167 IS - 7 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18500523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Using+field+topographic+descriptors+to+estimate+soil+water+retention&rft.au=Rawls%2C+W+J%3BPachepsky%2C+YA&rft.aulast=Rawls&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The bacteriocins of ruminal bacteria and their potential as an alternative to antibiotics AN - 18482281; 5444353 AB - Beef cattle have been fed ionophores and other antibiotics for more than 20 years to decrease ruminal fermentation losses (e.g methane and ammonia) and increase feed efficiency, and these improvements have been explained by an inhibition of Gram-positive ruminal bacteria. Ionophores are not used to treat human disease, but there has been an increased perception that antibiotics should not be used as feed additives. Some bacteria produce small peptides (bacteriocins) that inhibit Gram-positive bacteria. In vitro experiments indicated that the bacteriocin, nisin, and the ionophore, monensin, had similar effects on ruminal fermentation. However, preliminary results indicated that mixed ruminal bacteria degraded nisin, and the ruminal bacterium, Streptococcus bovis, became highly nisin-resistant. A variety of ruminal bacteria produce bacteriocins, and bacteriocin production has, in some cases, been correlated with changes in ruminal ecology. Some ruminai bacteriocins are as potent as nisin in vitro, and resistance can be circumvented. Based on these results, ruminal bacteriocins may provide an alternative to antibiotics in cattle rations. JF - Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Russell, J B AU - Mantovani, H C AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA and Wing Hall Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA, Jbr8@cornell.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 347 EP - 355 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1464-1801, 1464-1801 KW - cattle KW - monensin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02793:Antibiotics: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18482281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+bacteriocins+of+ruminal+bacteria+and+their+potential+as+an+alternative+to+antibiotics&rft.au=Russell%2C+J+B%3BMantovani%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Molecular+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=14641801&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening Oryza Species Plants for Rice Sheath Blight Resistance AN - 18481630; 5451682 AB - Rice wild relatives, Oryza species, are one possible source of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) resistance genes. However, Oryza spp. cannot be screened in the field as is done for cultivated rice (O. sativa) because the plant canopy does not favor disease development and many plants drop mature seed. Thus, a growth chamber-greenhouse method of screening Oryza spp. and their early generation progeny is needed. Primary-secondary and ratoon tillers of rice cultivars-germplasm which ranged from moderately resistant to very susceptible were evaluated first for sheath blight susceptibility. Plants were inoculated by placing R. solani-colonized toothpicks at the leaf collar, then incubating plants in a growth chamber. After 7 days, plants were visually rated for sheath blight severity, and the lesion length of each leaf was measured. Ranking of cultivar-germplasm susceptibility by visual rating of primary-secondary tillers corresponded to the ranking from field ratings. Visual ratings correlated best with combined lesion length of the second and third leaves. For ratoon tillers, visual ratings correlated best with second-leaf lesion length. Next, this method was used with ratoon tillers to evaluate sheath blight susceptibility of 21 Oryza spp. accessions and F sub(1) progeny from crosses between 17 accessions and cultivated rice. This method proved useful on a limited scale for screening germplasm that could not be evaluated under field conditions. JF - Plant Disease AU - Eizenga, G C AU - Lee, F N AU - Rutger, J N AD - Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, USDA-ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA, geizenga@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 808 EP - 812 VL - 86 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Rice KW - plants KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Freshwater KW - Q3 01587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - Q1 01587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18481630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Screening+Oryza+Species+Plants+for+Rice+Sheath+Blight+Resistance&rft.au=Eizenga%2C+G+C%3BLee%2C+F+N%3BRutger%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Eizenga&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=808&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determinants of plant species richness on small Bahamian islands AN - 18474504; 5445158 AB - Aim I investigated the determinants of plant species richness in two archipelagos, comparing the predictive power of different explanatory variables. I evaluated both conventional variables and alternative variables not commonly used in such analyses. I also investigated the effect of island location in relation to neighbouring landmasses on plant species richness and the predictive ability of regression models. Location Archipelagos of small islands in the central Exumas and near the north-east coast of Andros, Bahamas. Methods I surveyed plant species richness and obtained measures of seven predictor variables: total island area, the ratio of perimeter to total area, vegetated area, the ratio of vegetated area to total area, distance to the nearest large island, elevation and protection from surrounding islands. All seven predictor variables were evaluated as determinants of plant species richness in simple and stepwise multiple linear regressions. Analyses were conducted for each archipelago overall, and then separately for three categories of islands in the Exumas. Total area, elevation, and distance were evaluated as predictors of vegetation incidence in simple and stepwise multiple logistic regressions for both archipelagos. Results Some expression of insular area was always the best single predictor of plant species richness in the linear regressions. Total area was a relatively poor predictor compared with other expressions of insular area. Distance, elevation, and protection explained relatively little of the overall variation in plant species number, although all variables were selected as significant in some models. A greater amount of variation in plant species richness was explained by the linear regression models in the Exumas (69.0%) compared with Andros (60.9%). Different variables were entered into the models for the three categories of islands in the Exumas, and adjusted coefficients of multiple determination ranged from 68.9% to 85.7%. In the logistic regressions, the model including total area and distance yielded almost 90% correct classification of vegetation incidence in the Exumas; no significant variables were selected for Andros. A group of exposed, outer islands supported many fewer species than more sheltered islands, on the basis of total island area or elevation. Main conclusions The three variables commonly used in studies of determinants of insular species richness - total island area, distance, and elevation - were relatively poor predictors in most analyses. Alternative expressions of insular area - indicative of disturbance or shape in combination with area - were usually better predictors than total area and may more realistically reflect habitable area. Alternative predictors explained similar amounts of variation in plant species richness compared with commonly used predictors, and combinations of all variables into a single stepwise model resulted in increased predictive power. The predictive power of the models tended to be higher for groups of islands that were more sheltered by neighbouring islands. Exposed islands, although separated by relatively small distances from nearby protected islands, may be impacted by storms much more severely and possess many fewer species. The location of small islands relative to large landmasses, as well as their geological histories, should be taken into account in such analyses. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Morrison, L W AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, PO Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA, lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 931 EP - 941 VL - 29 IS - 7 SN - 0305-0270, 0305-0270 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18474504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Determinants+of+plant+species+richness+on+small+Bahamian+islands&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zeitschrift+fur+Naturforschung.+C%2C+Journal+of+biosciences&rft.issn=09395075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity and Phenology of Predatory Arthropods Overwintering in Cardboard Bands Placed in Pear and Apple Orchards of Central Washington State AN - 18464715; 5439165 AB - Overwintering shelters composed of cardboard bands were placed on pear and apple trees located in central Washington state to monitor overwintering by predatory arthropods and by two pest taxa. A subset of bands was sampled at regular intervals between late summer and mid-December to determine when taxa began to enter bands. The remaining bands were left undisturbed until collection in mid-December to determine the numbers and types of arthropods overwintering on tree trunks in these orchards. More than 8,000 predatory arthropods were collected from bands left undisturbed until mid-December, dominated numerically by Acari (Phytoseiidae) [Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), Typhlodromus spp.], Araneae, and Neuroptera (Hemerobiidae, Chrysopidae). Predatory mite numbers were higher in bands placed in apple orchards than bands placed in pear orchards. The Araneae were particularly diverse, including >3,000 spiders representing nine families. Less abundant were Heteroptera, including a mirid [Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler)] and three species of Anthocoridae [Anthocoris spp., Orius tristicolor (White)]. Coleoptera included Coccinellidae, dominated by Stethorus picipes Casey, and unidentified Staphylinidae and Carabidae. The bands that were collected at regular intervals to monitor phenology provided >15,000 predatory arthropods, dominated numerically by spiders, Dermaptera [Forficula auricularia (F.)], lacewings, and predatory mites. Some well-defined phenological patterns were apparent for some taxa. Brown lacewing adults (Hemerobius ) began appearing in bands in late October, coinciding with leaf fall in orchards. Cocooned larvae of green lacewings (Chrysopa nigricornis Burmeister), conversely, were most abundant in bands in September, which was well before leaf fall. Predatory mites began to appear in bands in late September before onset of leaf fall. Patterns for predatory Heteroptera were less clear, but results showed that D. brevis and O. tristicolor were active in the orchards well into the period of leaf fall. Two pest taxa, spider mites (Tetranychus spp.) and pear psylla [Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster)], were also monitored. Spider mites entered bands beginning in September and finished movement at the beginning of leaf fall, similar to patterns shown by Phytoseiidae. Pear psylla moved into bands very late in the season (November and December). Our results suggest that postharvest applications of chemicals, as made by some growers, would occur before most predatory taxa have entered overwintering quarters. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Horton AU - Broers, DA AU - Hinojosa, T AU - Lewis, T M AU - Miliczky, E R AU - Lewis, R R Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 469 EP - 480 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Minute pirate bugs KW - Spiders KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18464715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Diversity+and+Phenology+of+Predatory+Arthropods+Overwintering+in+Cardboard+Bands+Placed+in+Pear+and+Apple+Orchards+of+Central+Washington+State&rft.au=Horton%3BBroers%2C+DA%3BHinojosa%2C+T%3BLewis%2C+T+M%3BMiliczky%2C+E+R%3BLewis%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%280469%3ADAPOPA%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=95&page=469 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2002)095(0469:DAPOPA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fitness of Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson in the Cilantro Phyllosphere AN - 18454747; 5430459 AB - The epiphytic fitness of Salmonella enterica was assessed on cilantro plants by using a strain of S. enterica serovar Thompson that was linked to an outbreak resulting from cilantro. Salmonella serovar Thompson had the ability to colonize the surface of cilantro leaves, where it was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at high densities on the veins and in natural lesions. The population sizes of two common colonizers of plant surfaces, Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas chlororaphis, were 10-fold higher than that of the human pathogen on cilantro incubated at 22 degree C. However, Salmonella serovar Thompson achieved significantly higher population levels and accounted for a higher proportion of the total culturable bacterial flora on cilantro leaves when the plants were incubated at warm temperatures, such as 30 degree C, after inoculation, indicating that the higher growth rates exhibited by Salmonella serovar Thompson at warm temperatures may increase the competitiveness of this organism in the phyllosphere. The tolerance of Salmonella serovar Thompson to dry conditions on plants at 60% relative humidity was at least equal to that of P. agglomerans and P. chlororaphis. Moreover, after exposure to low humidity on cilantro, Salmonella serovar Thompson recovered under high humidity to achieve its maximum population size in the cilantro phyllosphere. Visualization by CLSM of green fluorescent protein-tagged Salmonella serovar Thompson and dsRed- tagged P. agglomerans inoculated onto cilantro revealed that the human pathogen and the bacterial epiphyte formed large heterogeneous aggregates on the leaf surface. Our studies support the hypothesis that preharvest contamination of crops by S. enterica plays a role in outbreaks linked to fresh fruits and vegetables. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Brandl, M T AU - Mandrell, R E AD - USDA/ARS, WRRC, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710., mbrandl@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 3614 EP - 3621 VL - 68 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18454747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fitness+of+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+Thompson+in+the+Cilantro+Phyllosphere&rft.au=Brandl%2C+M+T%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Brandl&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.7.3588-3596.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.7.3588-3596.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential Ability of Genotypes of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains To Colonize the Roots of Pea Plants AN - 18453587; 5430451 AB - Indigenous populations of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG)-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that occur naturally in suppressive soils are an enormous resource for improving biological control of plant diseases. Over 300 isolates of 2,4-DAPG-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from the rhizosphere of pea plants grown in soils that had undergone pea or wheat monoculture and were suppressive to Fusarium wilt or take-all, respectively. Representatives of seven genotypes, A, D, E, L, O, P, and Q, were isolated from both soils and identified by whole-cell repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) with the BOXA1R primer, increasing by three (O, P, and Q) the number of genotypes identified previously among a worldwide collection of 2,4- DAPG producers. Fourteen isolates representing eight different genotypes were tested for their ability to colonize the rhizosphere of pea plants. Population densities of strains belonging to genotypes D and P were significantly greater than the densities of other genotypes and remained above log 6.0 CFU (g of root) super(-1) over the entire 15-week experiment. Genetic profiles generated by rep-PCR or restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 2,4-DAPG biosynthetic gene phlD were predictive of the rhizosphere competence of the introduced 2,4-DAPG-producing strains. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Landa, B B AU - Mavrodi, O V AU - Raaijmakers, J M AU - Gardener, BBM AU - Thomashow, L S AU - Weller, D M AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Pathology, P.O. Box 646430, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430., wellerd@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 3226 EP - 3237 VL - 68 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol KW - phlD gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18453587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Differential+Ability+of+Genotypes+of+2%2C4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+Strains+To+Colonize+the+Roots+of+Pea+Plants&rft.au=Landa%2C+B+B%3BMavrodi%2C+O+V%3BRaaijmakers%2C+J+M%3BGardener%2C+BBM%3BThomashow%2C+L+S%3BWeller%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Landa&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.7.3639-3643.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.7.3639-3643.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of habitat-selection rules using an individual-based model AN - 18445870; 5418877 AB - Despite their promise for simulating natural complexity, individual-based models (IBMs) are rarely used for ecological research or resource management. Few IBMs have been shown to reproduce realistic patterns of behavior by individual organisms. To test our IBM of stream salmonids and draw conclusions about foraging theory, we analyzed the IBM's ability to reproduce six patterns of habitat selection by real trout in simulations contrasting three alternative habitat-selection objectives: maximizing current growth rate, current survival probability, or "expected maturity" (EM). EM is the product of (1) predicted survival of starvation and other mortality risks over a future time horizon, and (2) the fraction of reproductive size attained over the time horizon. Minimizing the ratio of mortality risk to growth rate was not tested as a habitat-selection rule because it produces nonsensical results when any habitat yields negative growth rates. The IBM simulates habitat selection in response to spatial and temporal variation in mortality risks and food availability as fish compete for food. The model fish move each daily time step to maximize their habitat-selection objective with no other restrictions (e.g., territoriality) imposed. Simulations with habitat selected to maximize growth reproduced three of the six habitat-selection patterns; maximizing survival reproduced two patterns; and maximizing EM reproduced all six patterns. Two patterns (shifts in habitat with changes in temperature and food availability) were not reproduced by the objectives that consider only current growth and risk but were explained by the EM objective that considers how future starvation risk depends on current energy reserves and energy intake. In 75-d simulations, population-level survival and biomass accumulation were highest for fish moving to maximize EM. These results support the basic assumptions of state-based dynamic-modeling approaches to habitat selection. Our IBM appears successful because it avoids restrictive assumptions, incorporates competition for food, assumes salmonids make good habitat-selection decisions at a daily time step, and uses a habitat objective (EM) that provides reasonable trade-offs between growth and mortality risks. JF - Ecology AU - Railsback, S F AU - Harvey, B C AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, California 95521, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 1817 EP - 1830 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Salmonids KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Q1 01341:General KW - Q1 01423:Behaviour KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18445870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+habitat-selection+rules+using+an+individual-based+model&rft.au=Railsback%2C+S+F%3BHarvey%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Railsback&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) to coarse woody debris and microsite use in southern Appalachian treefall gaps AN - 18443931; 5422831 AB - The influence of treefall gaps and coarse woody debris (CWD) on white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) abundance was tested experimentally during 1996-1999 in a southern Appalachian hardwood forest. I compared the relative abundance and body size of P. leucopus among unsalvaged gaps that were created by wind disturbance and retained high CWD levels, salvage logged gaps where fallen and damaged tree boles had been removed, and closed-canopy controls. I also tested the relative use by mice of four microsite types: CWD, pits, woody brush, and open ground. One-hundred and forty-one P. leucopus were captured 310 times during the study. There were no differences in capture success, body size, or sex ratio among treatments before or after salvage logging, but abundance varied among years. Capture success was higher at traps set adjacent to CWD (P0.05) and in pits (P0.10) than at traps set under brush or on open ground. In the southern Appalachians, windthrow-created canopy gaps and associated microsites do not affect habitat use by P. leucopus at a landscape level (as measured by relative abundance among treatments), but CWD influences the microdistribution of P. leucopus where it is present. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Greenberg, CH AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Experimental Forest, 1577 Brevard Road, Asheville, NC 28806, USA Y1 - 2002/07/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 01 SP - 57 EP - 66 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 164 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - White-footed mouse KW - debris KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18443931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Response+of+white-footed+mice+%28Peromyscus+leucopus%29+to+coarse+woody+debris+and+microsite+use+in+southern+Appalachian+treefall+gaps&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - So the Rain Stays in the Plain: Crop Sequence CD Helps Farmers Fight Drought AN - 17411288; 6539430 AB - It snowed a little on March 5 in Minot, North Dakota, close to the Canadian border. Farmers there were glad to see the snow because they know that when it melts it will provide precious water to the Northern Plains area, which is drier than usual this year. While the situation doesn't seem as dire as it does for the eastern United States, it's still one that farmers kept in mind this past winter as they planned their spring planting. JF - Agricultural Research AU - Comis, D AD - ARS, krupinsj@mandam.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 VL - 50 IS - 7 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Farms KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Snow KW - Water Shortage KW - Rain KW - Drought KW - Crops KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17411288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=So+the+Rain+Stays+in+the+Plain%3A+Crop+Sequence+CD+Helps+Farmers+Fight+Drought&rft.au=Comis%2C+D&rft.aulast=Comis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Farms; Snow; Water Shortage; Drought; Rain; Crops; USA, North Dakota ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mushrooms, Trees, and Money: Value Estimates of Commercial Mushrooms and Timber in the Pacific Northwest AN - 17276796; 5854043 AB - Wild edible mushrooms are harvested in the forests of the Pacific Northwest, where both trees and mushrooms grow in the same landscape. Although there has been some discussion about the value of trees and mushrooms individually, little information exists about the joint production of, and value for, these two forest products. Through four case studies, the information needed to determine production and value for three wild mushroom species in different forests of the Pacific Northwest is described, and present values for several different forest management scenarios are presented. The values for timber and for mushrooms are site- and species-specific. On the Olympic Peninsula in Washington, timber is highly valued and chanterelles are a low-value product by weight; timber has a soil expectation value (SEV) 12 to 200 times higher than chanterelles. In south-central Oregon, timber and American matsutake mushrooms have the potential to have about the same SEV. In eastern Oregon, timber is worth 20 to 110 times as much as the morels that grow in the forest. Production economics is concerned with choices about how much and what to produce with what resources. The choices are influenced by changes in technical and economic circumstances. Through our description and analysis of the necessary definitions and assumptions to assess value in joint production of timber and wild mushrooms, we found that values are sensitive to assumptions about changes in forest management, yields for mushrooms and trees, and costs. JF - Environmental Management AU - Alexander, S J AU - Pilz, D AU - Weber, N S AU - Brown, E AU - Rockwell, V A AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 129 EP - 141 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - matsutake KW - timber KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Costs KW - USA, Washington KW - Forest management KW - Yield KW - Trees KW - Economics KW - Landscape KW - Forests KW - USA, Oregon KW - Basidiocarps KW - D 04700:Management KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17276796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Mushrooms%2C+Trees%2C+and+Money%3A+Value+Estimates+of+Commercial+Mushrooms+and+Timber+in+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Alexander%2C+S+J%3BPilz%2C+D%3BWeber%2C+N+S%3BBrown%2C+E%3BRockwell%2C+V+A&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-002-2610-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Costs; Forest management; Yield; Trees; Landscape; Economics; Forests; Basidiocarps; USA, Washington; USA, Oregon DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2610-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between cedar decline and hillslope stability in mountainous regions of southeast Alaska AN - 16139248; 5427269 AB - Old-growth forests experiencing widespread decline of yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) in southeast Alaska have a 3.8-fold increase in the frequency of landslides. We report here on an investigation of the cause of this increased slope instability. Time since death of cedar was assessed using surveys around landslide sites. Root decay on dead trees was used to estimate the decline in the apparent soil strength provided by roots. Changes in soil hydrology were measured with 120 piezometers located in areas of healthy cedar, healthy spruce/hemlock, and sites with cedar decline. Relative influences on slope stability by changes in soil moisture and root strength were evaluated with a simple stability model. At most sites, soil depth is <0.7 m, and the loss of root strength has an important and possibly dominant influence on slope instability. In soils deeper than 1 m, changes in pore pressure have a proportionately larger influence on slope stability. Landslides appear most likely when cedar decline reaches snag class IV (approximately 50 years after tree death), when most of the cedar root strength is lost and root strength from secondary growth has yet to develop. JF - Geomorphology AU - Johnson, A C AU - Wilcock, P AD - USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2a, 99801 Juneau, AK, USA, ajohnson03@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 01 SP - 129 EP - 142 VL - 46 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - USA, Alaska KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Landslides KW - Geomorphology KW - Trees KW - Vegetation KW - Forests KW - Hydrology KW - Slope Stability KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16139248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Association+between+cedar+decline+and+hillslope+stability+in+mountainous+regions+of+southeast+Alaska&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A+C%3BWilcock%2C+P&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landslides; Geomorphology; Trees; Hydrology; Forests; Vegetation; Slope Stability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Financial and ecological indicators of reduced impact logging performance in the eastern Amazon AN - 19923509; 5422772 AB - Reduced impact logging (RIL) systems are currently being promoted in Brazil and other tropical countries in response to domestic and international concern over the ecological and economic sustainability of harvesting natural tropical forests. RIL systems are necessary, but not sufficient, for sustainable forest management because they reduce damage to the forest ecosystem during the initial forest entry. If conditions were identified where RIL costs were clearly less than conventional logging (CL) costs, then a strong incentive for RIL adoption would exist. In this paper, a comparison of costs and revenues was made for typical RIL and CL operations in the eastern Amazon. An economic engineering approach was used to estimate standardized productivity and cost parameters. Detailed data on productivity, harvest volume, wasted wood and damage to the residual stand were collected from operational scale harvest blocks. Productivity and cost data were also collected using surveys of forest products firms. The major conclusion of the study was that RIL was less costly, and more profitable, than CL under the conditions observed at the eastern Amazon study site. Full cost accounting methods were introduced to capture the direct and indirect costs associated with wasted wood. The impact of wasted wood on effective stumpage price provided the largest gain to RIL. Large gains attributable to RIL technology were also observed in skidding and log deck productivity. In addition, investment in RIL yielded an 'environmental dividend' in terms of reduced damage to trees in the residual stand and reduction of the amount of ground area disturbed by heavy machinery. Developing institutions that can monetize the value of the environmental dividend remains a major challenge in the promotion of sustainable forest management in the tropics. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Holmes, T P AU - Blate, G M AU - Zweede, J C AU - Pereira, R Jr AU - Barreto, P AU - Boltz, F AU - Bauch, R AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 12254, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, tholmes@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 28 SP - 93 EP - 110 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 163 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Amazonia KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Human Population KW - Logging KW - Brazil KW - Brazil, Amazonia KW - Economics KW - Sustainable development KW - Forest practices KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - D 04700:Management KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19923509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Financial+and+ecological+indicators+of+reduced+impact+logging+performance+in+the+eastern+Amazon&rft.au=Holmes%2C+T+P%3BBlate%2C+G+M%3BZweede%2C+J+C%3BPereira%2C+R+Jr%3BBarreto%2C+P%3BBoltz%2C+F%3BBauch%2C+R&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-28&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Logging; Economics; Sustainable development; Forest practices; Ecosystem disturbance; Brazil; Brazil, Amazonia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cotton yield and applied water relationships under drip irrigation AN - 18370856; 5354568 AB - Different irrigation scheduling methods and amounts of water ranging from deficit to excessive amounts were used in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) irrigation studies from 1988 to 1999, at Lubbock, TX. Irrigation scheduling treatments based on canopy temperature (T sub(c)) were emphasized in each year. Surface drip irrigation and recommended production practices for the area were used. The objective was to use the 12-year database to estimate the effect of irrigation and growing season temperature on cotton yield. Yields in the irrigation studies were then compared with those for the northwest Texas production region. An irrigation input of 58 cm or total water application of 74 cm was estimated to produce maximum lint yield. Sources of the total water supply for the maximum yielding treatments for each year averaged 74% from irrigation and 26% from rain. Lint yield response to irrigation up to the point of maximum yield was approximated as 11.4 kg ha super(-1) cm super(-1) of irrigation between the limits of 5 and 54 cm with lint yields ranging from 855 to 1630 kg ha super(-1). The intra-year maximum lint yield treatments were not limited by water input, and their inter-year range of 300 kg ha super(-1) was not correlated with the quantity of irrigation. The maximum lint yields were linearly related to monthly and seasonal heat units (HU) with significant regressions for July ( P=0.15 ), August ( P=0.07 ), and from May to September ( P=0.01 ). The fluctuation of maximum yearly lint yields and the response to HU in the irrigation studies were similar to the average yields in the surrounding production region. The rate of lint yield increase with HU was slightly higher in the irrigation studies than in the surrounding production area and was attributed to minimal water stress. Managing irrigation based on real-time measurements of T sub(c) produced maximum cotton yields without applying excessive irrigation. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Wanjura, D F AU - Upchurch AU - Mahan, J R AU - Burke, J J AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Stress and Water Conservation Research Laboratory, 3810 4th Street, 79415 Lubbock, TX USA Y1 - 2002/06/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 28 SP - 217 EP - 237 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - USA, Texas KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18370856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Cotton+yield+and+applied+water+relationships+under+drip+irrigation&rft.au=Wanjura%2C+D+F%3BUpchurch%3BMahan%2C+J+R%3BBurke%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Wanjura&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-28&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caffeine as a repellent for slugs and snails. AN - 71858188; 12087394 JF - Nature AU - Hollingsworth, Robert G AU - Armstrong, John W AU - Campbell, Earl AD - US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 4459, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA. rholling@pbarc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 27 SP - 915 EP - 916 VL - 417 IS - 6892 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Leaves -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Survival Rate KW - Myocardial Contraction -- drug effects KW - Action Potentials -- drug effects KW - Plant Leaves -- parasitology KW - Pesticides -- toxicity KW - Brassica -- parasitology KW - Snails -- drug effects KW - Caffeine -- administration & dosage KW - Caffeine -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Snails -- physiology KW - Pest Control -- methods KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71858188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Caffeine+as+a+repellent+for+slugs+and+snails.&rft.au=Hollingsworth%2C+Robert+G%3BArmstrong%2C+John+W%3BCampbell%2C+Earl&rft.aulast=Hollingsworth&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-06-27&rft.volume=417&rft.issue=6892&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Nature. 2003 Aug 7;424(6949):613 [12904758] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ubiquitination capabilities in response to neocarzinostatin and H(2)O(2) stress in cell lines from patients with ataxia-telangiectasia. AN - 71849286; 12080467 AB - The human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is due to lack of functional ATM, a protein kinase which is involved in cellular responses to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and possibly other oxidative stresses, as well as in regulation of several fundamental cellular functions. Studies regarding responses in A-T cells to the induction of DSBs utilize ionizing radiation or radiomimetic chemicals, such as neocarzinostatin (NCS), which induce DNA DSBs. This critical DNA lesion activates many defense systems, such as the cell cycle checkpoints. The cell cycle is also regulated through a timed and coordinated degradation of regulatory proteins via the ubiquitin pathway. Our recent studies indicate that the ubiquitin pathway is influenced by the cellular redox status and that it is the major cellular pathway for removal of oxidized proteins. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the absence of a functional ATM protein might involve perturbations to the ubiquitin pathway as well. We show here that upon treatment with NCS, there was a transient 50-70% increase in endogenous ubiquitin conjugates in A-T and wt lymphoblastoid cells. Ubiquitin conjugation capabilities per se and levels of substrates for conjugation were also similarly enhanced in wt and A-T cells upon NCS treatment. We also compared the ubiquitination response in A-T and wt cells using H(2)O(2) as the stress, in view of preexisting evidence of the effects of H(2)O(2) on ubiquitination capabilities in other types of cells. As with NCS treatment, there was an approximately 45% increase in endogenous ubiquitin conjugates by 2-4 h after exposure to H(2)O(2). Both cell types showed a rapid 50-150% increase in de novo formed 125I-ubiquitin conjugates. As compared with wt cells, unexposed A-T cells had higher endogenous levels of conjugates and enhanced conjugation capability. However, A-T cells mounted a more muted ubiquitination response to the stress. The enhanced ubiquitin conjugation in unstressed A-T cells and attenuated ability of these cells to respond to stress are consistent with the A-T cells being under oxidative stress and with their having an 'aged' phenotype. The indication that ubiquitin conjugate levels and ubiquitin conjugation capabilities are enhanced upon oxidative stress without significant changes in GSSG/GSH ratios indicates that assays of ubiquitination provide a sensitive measure of cellular stress. The data also add support to the impression that potentiated ubiquitination response to mild oxidative stress is a generalizable phenomenon. JF - Oncogene AU - Taylor, Allen AU - Shang, Fu AU - Nowell, Thomas AU - Galanty, Yaron AU - Shiloh, Yosef AD - JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. ataylor@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2002/06/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 27 SP - 4363 EP - 4373 VL - 21 IS - 28 SN - 0950-9232, 0950-9232 KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - Cell Cycle Proteins KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Oxidants KW - Tumor Suppressor Proteins KW - Ubiquitins KW - Zinostatin KW - 9014-02-2 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases KW - EC 2.3.2.27 KW - ATM protein, human KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - Ligases KW - EC 6.- KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects KW - Ubiquitins -- metabolism KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- pharmacology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Ataxia Telangiectasia -- metabolism KW - Ligases -- metabolism KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Ataxia Telangiectasia -- pathology KW - Zinostatin -- pharmacology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71849286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+riparian+wetland+on+nitrate+and+herbicides+exported+from+an+agricultural+field.&rft.au=Angier%2C+Jonathan+T%3BMcCarty%2C+Gregory+W%3BRice%2C+Clifford+P%3BBialek%2C+Krystyna&rft.aulast=Angier&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2002-07-17&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=4424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and validation of a tertiary simulation model for predicting the potential growth of Salmonella typhimurium on cooked chicken AN - 18426741; 5402288 AB - The growth of Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028) on the surface of autoclaved ground chicken breast and thigh burgers incubated at constant temperatures from 8 to 48 degree C in 2 degree C increments was investigated and modeled. Growth curves at each temperature were fit to a two-phase linear primary model to determine lag time ( lambda ) and specific growth rate ( mu ). Growth of S. typhimurium on breast and thigh meat was not different. Consequently, secondary models that predicted lag time and specific growth rate as a function of temperature were developed with the combined data for breat and thigh meat. Five secondary models for lag time and three secondary models for specific growth rate were compared. A new version of the hyperbola model and a cardinal temperature model were selected as the best secondary models for lag time and specific groth rate, respectively. The secondary models were combined in a computer spreadsheet to create a tertiary simulation model that predicted the potential growth (log sub(10) increase) of S. typhimurium on cooked chicken as a function of time and temperature. Probability distributions and simulation were used in the tertiary model to model the secondary model parameters and the times and temperatures of abuse. The outputs of the tertiary model were validated (prediction bias of -4% for lambda and 1% for mu and prediction accuracy of 10% for lambda and 8% for mu ) and integrated with a previously developed risk assessment model for Salmonella. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Oscar, T P AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, 1124 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA, toscar@mail.umes.edu Y1 - 2002/06/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 25 SP - 177 EP - 190 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - chicken KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18426741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+and+validation+of+a+tertiary+simulation+model+for+predicting+the+potential+growth+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+on+cooked+chicken&rft.au=Oscar%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Oscar&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-25&rft.volume=1576&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of anthraquinone in technical material, formulations, and lettuce by high performance liquid chromatography. AN - 71807321; 12059136 AB - Foraging on lettuce seeds and seedlings by horned larks (Eremophila alpestris) causes millions of dollars in losses to the California lettuce crop annually. Anthraquinone (AQ; 9,10-anthracenedione) has been shown to deter pest birds from consuming the seeds and seedlings of several plant species and was evaluated as a repellent to horned larks when applied to lettuce seedlings. A set of analytical methods using simple liquid extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis were developed for the quantitation of AQ as technical material, as an active ingredient in a commercial formulation, and as a residue in lettuce plants. The methods were easy, reliable, and repeatable. AQ recoveries from control formulation fortified to concentrations of either 24 or 600 mg g(-)(1) were 99 (+/-1.2%) and 98% (+/-1.2%), respectively, with a control formulation method limit of detection (MLOD) of 0.50 mg g(-)(1). Control lettuce tissues from three growth stages were AQ-fortified to concentrations of 0.50 and 500 microg g(-)(1). The resulting AQ recoveries for the two fortification levels were 99 (+/-8.5) and 89% (+/-1.5%) for 11 day old seedlings, 95 (+/-2.6%) and 86% (2.1%) for 16 day old plants, and 92 (+/-1.4%) and 93% (+/-1.1%) for adult head lettuce cover leaves, respectively. The MLODs for the same three lettuce tissues were 0.055, 0.058, and 0.077 microg g(-)(1), respectively. These methods were used to quantify AQ residues from field-grown, treated lettuce and associated fortified quality control samples. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Mauldin, Richard E AU - Primus, Thomas M AU - Volz, Stephanie A AU - Kimball, Bruce A AU - Johnston, John J AU - Cummings, John L AU - York, Darryl L AD - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, 4101 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521-2154, USA. richard.e.mauldin@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 19 SP - 3632 EP - 3636 VL - 50 IS - 13 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Anthraquinones KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Plant Extracts KW - Solutions KW - 9,10-anthraquinone KW - 030MS0JBDO KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Linear Models KW - Quality Control KW - Plant Extracts -- analysis KW - Anthraquinones -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Lettuce -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71807321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+N-terminal+autoinhibition+in+the+Arabidopsis+Ca%282%2B%29%2FH%28%2B%29+antiporter+CAX1.&rft.au=Pittman%2C+Jon+K%3BShigaki%2C+Toshiro%3BCheng%2C+Ning-Hui%3BHirschi%2C+Kendal+D&rft.aulast=Pittman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=2002-07-19&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=29&rft.spage=26452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissipation of the defoliant tribufos in cotton-producing soils. AN - 71806668; 12059162 AB - Soil dissipation of the cotton defoliant tribufos was measured in laboratory incubations and on 0.2-ha research plots. Computed 50% dissipation time (DT(50)) using nonlinear and linear kinetic models ranged from 1 to 19 days. Data indicated that exchangeable soil aluminum inhibited tribufos-degrading soil organisms. Nevertheless, measured DT(50) values were 40 to 700 times less than the aerobic soil half-life (t(1/2)) values used in recent tribufos risk assessments. DT(50) values suggest that risk estimates were overstated. However, edge-of-field runoff concentrations measured on research plots exceeded invertebrate LOECs, thus some aquatic risk is indicated. Field data also suggested that volatilization may be a significant soil dissipation pathway. From this result, we conclude that volatilization should be included in simulation models used for pesticide registration. This will likely improve the accuracy of model outputs for products such as tribufos. Potential volatilization losses indicate a need to evaluate the atmospheric behavior of tribufos. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Potter, Thomas L AU - Reddy, Krishna N AU - Millhollen, Eddie P AU - Bednarz, Craig W AU - Bosch, David D AU - Truman, Clint C AU - Strickland, Timothy AD - Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Tifton, Georgia, USA. tpotter@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 2002/06/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 19 SP - 3795 EP - 3802 VL - 50 IS - 13 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Agrochemicals KW - 0 KW - Defoliants, Chemical KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Organothiophosphates KW - Soil KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - butyl phosphorotrithioate KW - 78-48-8 KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Index Medicus KW - Water -- analysis KW - Agrochemicals -- analysis KW - Kinetics KW - Aluminum -- pharmacology KW - Volatilization KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Agrochemicals -- chemistry KW - Agrochemicals -- metabolism KW - Defoliants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Gossypium -- growth & development KW - Defoliants, Chemical -- chemistry KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Organothiophosphates -- chemistry KW - Organothiophosphates -- metabolism KW - Organothiophosphates -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71806668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Dissipation+of+the+defoliant+tribufos+in+cotton-producing+soils.&rft.au=Potter%2C+Thomas+L%3BReddy%2C+Krishna+N%3BMillhollen%2C+Eddie+P%3BBednarz%2C+Craig+W%3BBosch%2C+David+D%3BTruman%2C+Clint+C%3BStrickland%2C+Timothy&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-06-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Operational snowmelt runoff forecasting in the Spanish Pyrenees using the snowmelt runoff model AN - 18583441; 5412128 AB - The snowmelt runoff model (SRM) is used to simulate and forecast the daily discharge of several basins of the Spanish Pyrenees. We describe a method for snow mapping using NOAA-AVHRR data and a procedure to estimate retrospectively the accumulated snow water equivalent volume with the SRM. A linear combination of NOAA channels 1 and 2 is used to obtain a snow cover image in which the product is the percentage of the snow-covered area in each pixel. Real-time snowmelt forecasts are generated with the SRM using area snow cover as an input variable. Even in basins with a total absence of historical discharge and meteorological data, the SRM provides an estimation of the daily snowmelt discharge. By integrating the forecasted streamflow over the recession streamflow, snowmelt volume is obtained as a function of time. This function converges asymptotically to the net stored volume of water equivalent of the snowpack. Plotting this integral as a function of time, it is possible to estimate for each basin both the melted snow water equivalent (SWE) and the SWE remaining in storage at any point in the snowmelt season Spanish hydropower companies are using results from the SRM to improve water resource management. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Gomez-Landesa, E AU - Rango, A AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA, elandesa@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2002/06/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 15 SP - 1583 EP - 1591 VL - 16 IS - 8 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Spain, Pyrenees Mts. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Q2 02171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18583441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Health+of+forests+and+grasslands+could+be+slipping+away+under+your+feet%21&rft.au=Keely%2C+J&rft.aulast=Keely&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant species dominance at a grassland-shrubland ecotone: an individual-based gap dynamics model of herbaceous and woody species AN - 18444824; 5418397 AB - Transition zones or ecotones between biomes are predicted to be particularly sensitive areas to directional changes in climate. However, for many ecotones, there is little understanding of the key processes that allow dominant species from adjacent biomes to coexist at transition zones and how differences in these processes affect species responses to changes in environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between plant life history traits and patterns in dominance and composition at a grassland-shrubland transition zone in order to predict shifts in dominance with directional changes in climate. It was hypothesized that differences in life history traits allow species from adjacent biomes to coexist at this transition zone, and that these dominance patterns are dynamic through time as a result of species-specific responses to changes in climate. A mixed lifeform individual plant-based gap dynamics model (ECOTONE) was developed to examine consequences of differences in recruitment, resource acquisition, and mortality to patterns in species dominance and composition under a variety of soils and climatic conditions. This model is unique because it represents interactions among multiple potential dominant species that include congeneric species of one lifeform as well as herbaceous and woody lifeforms across multiple spatial scales. Similar to other gap models, ECOTONE simulates the recruitment, growth, and mortality of individual plants on a small plot through time at an annual timestep. ECOTONE differs from other gap models in the degree of detail involved in determining successful recruitment by each species and in the simulation of belowground resources. Individual plant root distributions and resource availability by depth are dynamic. Soil water content is simulated on a daily timestep and nitrogen is simulated monthly. Multiple spatial scales can be simulated using a grid of plots connected by seed dispersal. ECOTONE was parameterized for two soil types at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (SEV), a site located within the transition zone between two major biomes in North America. Shortgrass steppe communities are dominated by the perennial grass Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama) and Chihuahuan desert communities are dominated by the perennial grass Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama) or the shrub Larrea tridentata (creosotebush). Experiments were conducted to provide key parameters related to recruitment and growth that were supplemented with information from the literature for remaining parameters. Model output was verified using field estimates of cover and biomass for the three dominant species as well as other groups of species. Simulation analyses were conducted under current climate and for a directional change in climate. Nitrogen was assumed constant for all runs to allow a focus on water availability constraints as affected by climate. Under current climatic conditions, simulated biomass on sandy loam soils was dominated by B. eriopoda with smaller biomass of B. gracilis and other species groups. By contrast, simulated biomass on a loamy sand soil was codominated by B. eriopoda and L. tridentata with very small biomass attributed to other species groups. Under a GFDL climate change scenario of increased year-round temperatures and increased summer precipitation, vegetation patterns shifted to a clear dominance of biomass by B. eriopoda on both soil types. These results show that temporal partitioning of soil water is important to codominance by the two Bouteloua species, and that spatial and temporal partitioning of soil water is important for grass-shrub interactions. The results also suggest that global climate change may provide a mechanism for the recovery of B. eriopoda following shrub invasion in the Southwestern U.S. Thus, an individual-based modeling approach is capable of representing complex interactions among herbaceous and woody species as well as between congeneric species with different life history traits at a biome transition zone. This modeling approach is useful in improving our understanding of key processes driving these vegetation dynamics as well in predicting shifts in dominance as environmental conditions change in the future. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Peters, DPC AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range, Box 30003, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0003, USA, debpeter@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2002/06/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 15 SP - 5 EP - 32 VL - 152 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18444824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Plant+species+dominance+at+a+grassland-shrubland+ecotone%3A+an+individual-based+gap+dynamics+model+of+herbaceous+and+woody+species&rft.au=Peters%2C+DPC&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=DPC&rft.date=2002-06-15&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic method development for determination of fungicide epoxiconazole enantiomers by achiral and chiral column switching technique in water and soil. AN - 71943262; 12141539 AB - High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in both chiral isocratic and achiral-chiral column switching mode was employed for optimization of separation conditions, separation and determination of fungicide epoxiconazole in real samples. Two enantiomers of commercially available triazole fungicide epoxiconazole (BAS 480 F), first registered in 1993, were resolved for the first time on a microcrystalline cellulose triacetate (MCTA). A low-cost home-packed chiral column (150x3 mm, 15-25 microm, MCTA, Merck) enabled baseline enantiomeric resolution of two enantiomers of the fungicide epoxiconazole produced commercially. The effects of concentration of organic modifiers (methanol, ethanol) in mobile phase, flow-rate and temperature were studied. The isocratic chiral HPLC method allows determination of the enantiomers in tap and surface water within the range 1-1000 mg/l by direct injection (20 microl) of the sample. Using the achiral (C18)-chiral (MCTA) column-switching technique and 1-ml sample volume, injection of 0.050 mg/l of epoxiconazole enantiomers can be conveniently determined by UV detection at 230 nm. The same method applied to methanolic soil extracts allows determination of 0.2 mg/kg of epoxiconazole enantiomers in addition to the other 10 commonly used pesticides in fortified soils. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Hutta, M AU - Rybár, I AU - Chalányová, M AD - Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. hutta@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/06/14/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 14 SP - 143 EP - 152 VL - 959 IS - 1-2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - 0 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Triazoles KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - epoxiconazole KW - 133855-98-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Reference Standards KW - Calibration KW - Epoxy Compounds -- analysis KW - Triazoles -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71943262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+method+development+for+determination+of+fungicide+epoxiconazole+enantiomers+by+achiral+and+chiral+column+switching+technique+in+water+and+soil.&rft.au=Hutta%2C+M%3BRyb%C3%A1r%2C+I%3BChal%C3%A1nyov%C3%A1%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hutta&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-06-14&rft.volume=959&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promoter elements in the aflatoxin pathway polyketide synthase gene. AN - 71715258; 12031498 AB - PksA catalyzes the formation of the polyketide backbone necessary for aflatoxin biosynthesis. Based on reporter assays and sequence comparisons of the nor1-pksA intergenic region in different aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species, cis-acting elements for the aflatoxin pathway-specific regulatory protein, AflR, and the global-acting regulatory proteins BrlA and PacC are involved in pksA promoter activity. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Ehrlich, Kenneth C AU - Montalbano, Beverly G AU - Cary, Jeffrey W AU - Cotty, Peter J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 19687, 1100 R.E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. erlich@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/07/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 07 SP - 171 EP - 175 VL - 1576 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxins KW - BRLA protein, Emericella nidulans KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - PacC protein, Aspergillus KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Nuclear Proteins -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Binding Sites KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- metabolism KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71715258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Promoter+elements+in+the+aflatoxin+pathway+polyketide+synthase+gene.&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+Kenneth+C%3BMontalbano%2C+Beverly+G%3BCary%2C+Jeffrey+W%3BCotty%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2002-06-07&rft.volume=1576&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer chemopreventive and antioxidant activities of pterostilbene, a naturally occurring analogue of resveratrol. AN - 71722067; 12033810 AB - Pterostilbene, a natural methoxylated analogue of resveratrol, was evaluated for antioxidative potential. The peroxyl-radical scavenging activity of pterostilbene was the same as that of resveratrol, having total reactive antioxidant potentials of 237 +/- 58 and 253 +/- 53 microM, respectively. Both compounds were found to be more effective than Trolox as free radical scavengers. Using a plant system, pterostilbene also was shown to be as effective as resveratrol in inhibiting electrolyte leakage caused by herbicide-induced oxidative damage, and both compounds had the same activity as alpha-tocopherol. Pterostilbene showed moderate inhibition (IC50 = 19.8 microM) of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, and was weakly active (IC50 = 83.9 microM) against COX-2, whereas resveratrol strongly inhibited both isoforms of the enzyme with IC50 values of approximately 1 microM. Using a mouse mammary organ culture model, carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions were, similarly to resveratrol, significantly inhibited by pterostilbene (ED50 = 4.8 microM), suggesting antioxidant activity plays an important role in this process. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Rimando, Agnes M AU - Cuendet, Muriel AU - Desmarchelier, Cristian AU - Mehta, Rajendra G AU - Pezzuto, John M AU - Duke, Stephen O AD - Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 8048, University, Mississippi 38677, USA. arimando@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 05 SP - 3453 EP - 3457 VL - 50 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors KW - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors KW - Isoenzymes KW - Peroxides KW - Phenols KW - Stilbenes KW - Singlet Oxygen KW - 17778-80-2 KW - pterostilbene KW - 26R60S6A5I KW - perhydroxyl radical KW - 3170-83-0 KW - Cyclooxygenase 1 KW - EC 1.14.99.1 KW - Cyclooxygenase 2 KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases KW - resveratrol KW - Q369O8926L KW - Index Medicus KW - Isoenzymes -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Cucumis -- chemistry KW - Peroxides -- chemistry KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control KW - Organ Culture Techniques KW - Singlet Oxygen -- chemistry KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Stilbenes -- pharmacology KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71722067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Cancer+chemopreventive+and+antioxidant+activities+of+pterostilbene%2C+a+naturally+occurring+analogue+of+resveratrol.&rft.au=Rimando%2C+Agnes+M%3BCuendet%2C+Muriel%3BDesmarchelier%2C+Cristian%3BMehta%2C+Rajendra+G%3BPezzuto%2C+John+M%3BDuke%2C+Stephen+O&rft.aulast=Rimando&rft.aufirst=Agnes&rft.date=2002-06-05&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymerase chain reaction detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium avium organisms in formalin-fixed tissues from culture-negative ruminants AN - 18416805; 5403804 AB - In the US eradication program for bovine tuberculosis, a definitive diagnosis depends on the isolation of Mycobacterium bovis. However, in some cases bacterial culture is unsuccessful, even though the tissue is considered suspicious by histopathology because granulomatous lesions and acid-fast organisms are present. The purpose of this study was to determine if polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests on formalin-fixed tissue would successfully identify the organisms observed in suspect lesions from culture-negative animals. Diagnostic laboratory records were used to select paraffin blocks of tissue from 102 ruminants that had suspect microscopic lesions but no bacterial isolation. Sections from these blocks were examined with PCR primers for IS6110 to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection, or with 16S ribosomal RNA and IS900 primers for detection of Mycobacterium avium. The PCR tests successfully identified a mycobacterial infection in 58 of 102 tissues, including 41 M. tuberculosis complex and 17 M. avium (11 subspecies paratuberculosis). These results demonstrate that PCR testing of formalin-fixed tissue, in combination with bacterial culture, may increase the effectiveness of laboratory diagnostic efforts to detect and identify the most common mycobacterial diseases of ruminants. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Miller, J M AU - Jenny, AL AU - Payeur, J B AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, jmiller@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 05 SP - 15 EP - 23 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - cattle KW - detection KW - formalin-fixed tissues KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18416805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Polymerase+chain+reaction+detection+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+complex+and+Mycobacterium+avium+organisms+in+formalin-fixed+tissues+from+culture-negative+ruminants&rft.au=Miller%2C+J+M%3BJenny%2C+AL%3BPayeur%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-05&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vegetation's role in catchment and riparian function AN - 39626687; 3671917 AU - Winward, A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39626687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Conundrum+of+securing+water+quantities+on+federal+lands&rft.au=Collette%2C+M&rft.aulast=Collette&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of previous grazing in pastures on livestock distribution and nutrition AN - 39624180; 3671815 AU - Ganskopp, D AU - Bohnert, D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39624180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+previous+grazing+in+pastures+on+livestock+distribution+and+nutrition&rft.au=Ganskopp%2C+D%3BBohnert%2C+D&rft.aulast=Ganskopp&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; 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Paper No. 34 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Addressing watershed impairments following natural disasters - Managing user conflicts AN - 39526295; 3671501 AU - Hinton, MJ Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Addressing+watershed+impairments+following+natural+disasters+-+Managing+user+conflicts&rft.au=Hinton%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Lake Management Society, P.O. Box 5443, 4513 Vernon Blvd., Suite 100, Madison, WI 53705-0443, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development native plants for restoration of the great basin AN - 39526245; 3671880 AU - Monsen, S AU - Shaw, N Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=American+White+Pelican+Soaring+Flight+Times+And+Altitudes+Relative+To+Changes+In+Thermal+Depth+And+Intensity&rft.au=Shannon%2C+H+D%3BYoung%2C+G+S%3BYates%2C+MA%3BFuller%2C+M+R%3BSeegar%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Shannon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0010-5422%282002%29104%280679%3AAWPSFT%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hyperspectral in situ determination of forage quality AN - 39526053; 3671784 AU - Starks, P J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hyperspectral+in+situ+determination+of+forage+quality&rft.au=Starks%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Starks&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Tiller replacement of grazed intermediate wheatgrass at different phenologies AN - 39526013; 3671777 AU - Hendrickson, J R AU - Berdahl, J D AU - Karn, J F AU - Liebig, MA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Tiller+replacement+of+grazed+intermediate+wheatgrass+at+different+phenologies&rft.au=Hendrickson%2C+J+R%3BBerdahl%2C+J+D%3BKarn%2C+J+F%3BLiebig%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Hendrickson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - 80 years of vegetation and landscape changes in the northern great plains AN - 39525793; 3671786 AU - Klement, K D AU - Heitschmidt, R K AU - Kay, CE Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39525793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Defining+phases+of+bedload+transport+using+piecewise+regression&rft.au=Ryan%2C+SE%3BPorth%2C+L+S%3BTroendle%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.387 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; 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fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biological control of big sagebrush by two aphid species AN - 39522835; 3671824 AU - Murray, JE AU - Scott, J M Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biological+control+of+big+sagebrush+by+two+aphid+species&rft.au=Murray%2C+JE%3BScott%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using handheld computers to gather and analyze rangeland inventory data AN - 39522653; 3671779 AU - Petersen, E A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+handheld+computers+to+gather+and+analyze+rangeland+inventory+data&rft.au=Petersen%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Light distribution in mesic grasslands: Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics AN - 39522598; 3671748 AU - Derner, J D AU - Wu, X B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behaviour+Change&rft.atitle=An+efficacy+trial%3A+Positive+parenting+program+for+parents+of+teenagers&rft.au=Salari%2C+Raziye%3BRalph%2C+Alan%3BSanders%2C+Matthew+R.&rft.aulast=Salari&rft.aufirst=Raziye&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behaviour+Change&rft.issn=08134839&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2Fbec.2013.31 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - GLCI and grazing lands research AN - 39522551; 3671737 AU - Mayeux, H Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=GLCI+and+grazing+lands+research&rft.au=Mayeux%2C+H&rft.aulast=Mayeux&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+for+Specialists+in+Group+Work&rft.issn=01933922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Managing Canada Geese in urban environments AN - 39521193; 3671470 AU - Schellinger, B L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39521193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behaviour+Change&rft.atitle=An+efficacy+trial%3A+Positive+parenting+program+for+parents+of+teenagers&rft.au=Salari%2C+Raziye%3BRalph%2C+Alan%3BSanders%2C+Matthew+R.&rft.aulast=Salari&rft.aufirst=Raziye&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behaviour+Change&rft.issn=08134839&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2Fbec.2013.31 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Lake Management Society, P.O. Box 5443, 4513 Vernon Blvd., Suite 100, Madison, WI 53705-0443, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Demand for forest resources and the role of hybridization in meeting pulp, fiber, and energy needs from both stand and landscape perspectives AN - 39520701; 3674184 AU - Riemenschneider, D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39520701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Demand+for+forest+resources+and+the+role+of+hybridization+in+meeting+pulp%2C+fiber%2C+and+energy+needs+from+both+stand+and+landscape+perspectives&rft.au=Riemenschneider%2C+D&rft.aulast=Riemenschneider&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association of Southeastern Biologists, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA; fax: 828-262-2127; URL: www.asb.appstate.edu/63rdmeeting.htm. Paper No. 180 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New opportunities in Vigna AN - 39512615; 3682378 AU - Fery, R L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39512615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+opportunities+in+Vigna&rft.au=Fery%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Fery&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Silva-pastoral savanna research AN - 39511306; 3671934 AU - Straight, R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39511306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Silva-pastoral+savanna+research&rft.au=Straight%2C+R&rft.aulast=Straight&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Federal and state programs to offset costs of savanna restoration AN - 39509885; 3671932 AU - Schroeppel, B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39509885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Federal+and+state+programs+to+offset+costs+of+savanna+restoration&rft.au=Schroeppel%2C+B&rft.aulast=Schroeppel&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rangeland professionals and policy development in the United States AN - 39509257; 3671857 AU - Butler, L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39509257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rangeland+professionals+and+policy+development+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Butler%2C+L&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nutritional composition of selected invasive species AN - 39509207; 3671834 AU - Prosser, C W AU - Sedivec, K K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39509207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nutritional+composition+of+selected+invasive+species&rft.au=Prosser%2C+C+W%3BSedivec%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Prosser&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Establishment of Eastern Gamagrass using primed seed AN - 39508166; 3671899 AU - Row, J M AU - Fick, W H Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39508166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetic+Resources+and+Crop+Evolution&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+USDA+Poa+pratensis+collection+using+RAPD+markers+and+agronomic+descriptors&rft.au=Johnson%2C+R+C%3BJohnston%2C+W+J%3BGolob%2C+C+T%3BNelson%2C+M+C%3BSoreng%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetic+Resources+and+Crop+Evolution&rft.issn=09259864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; 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AN - 39508129; 3671898 AU - Wolfe, RHC AU - Blake, E Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39508129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Soil%2C+vegetation+correlation%2C+what+is+it%2C+%26amp%3B+how+does+it+work%3F&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+RHC%3BBlake%2C+E&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=RHC&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Brassica elongata: A new invasive species in the great basin AN - 39508070; 3671892 AU - Young, JA AU - Clements, C D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39508070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Effect+of+agricultural+activities+on+the+mineralogy+of+soil+clays&rft.au=Fialips%2C+C+I%3BRighi%2C+D%3BPotter%2C+K+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fialips&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=15A&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Investigations of potential ways to improve leafy spurge control by livestock AN - 39508043; 3671890 AU - Kronberg, S L AU - Grove, A V AU - Faller, T C AU - Sedivec, K K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39508043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Investigations+of+potential+ways+to+improve+leafy+spurge+control+by+livestock&rft.au=Kronberg%2C+S+L%3BGrove%2C+A+V%3BFaller%2C+T+C%3BSedivec%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Kronberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Transfer of marine-derived nitrogen and phosphorus from stream to riparian forest via hyporheic flows AN - 39505847; 3677555 AU - Edwards, R T AU - O"Keefe, TC Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39505847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+marine-derived+nitrogen+and+phosphorus+from+stream+to+riparian+forest+via+hyporheic+flows&rft.au=Edwards%2C+R+T%3BO%22Keefe%2C+TC&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Initial bigfoot project assessment of MODIS-derived-surfaces related to the global carbon cycle AN - 39505569; 3675091 AU - Cohen, W Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39505569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Initial+bigfoot+project+assessment+of+MODIS-derived-surfaces+related+to+the+global+carbon+cycle&rft.au=Cohen%2C+W&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Society for Photogammetry and Remote Sensing, URL: www.isprs.org. Paper No. TS-34.1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of channel morphology on hyporheic zones in mountain streams AN - 39505388; 3677484 AU - Wondzell, S M AU - Kasahara, T Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39505388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=What+about+upwind+buffer+zones+for+aerial+applications%3F&rft.au=Kirk%2C+L+W%3BTeske%2C+M+E%3BThistle%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Carbon and nitrogen distribution along hydrologic-redox potential gradients in two riparian meadows, Northeast Oregon AN - 39503167; 3677088 AU - Dwire, KA AU - Brookshire, E J AU - Kauffman, J B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39503167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Carbon+and+nitrogen+distribution+along+hydrologic-redox+potential+gradients+in+two+riparian+meadows%2C+Northeast+Oregon&rft.au=Dwire%2C+KA%3BBrookshire%2C+E+J%3BKauffman%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Dwire&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of the timing and intensity of sheep grazing on grasshopper populations AN - 39499945; 3671828 AU - Branson, D H AU - Haferkamp, M R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+the+timing+and+intensity+of+sheep+grazing+on+grasshopper+populations&rft.au=Branson%2C+D+H%3BHaferkamp%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Branson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spatial variability in the production of herbaceous biomass by a southern tallgrass prairie in Oklahoma AN - 39499633; 3671783 AU - Northup, B K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spatial+variability+in+the+production+of+herbaceous+biomass+by+a+southern+tallgrass+prairie+in+Oklahoma&rft.au=Northup%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Northup&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Florida grazing issues working group - A public/private partnership: Highlights of the grazing leases workshop AN - 39499542; 3671758 AU - Healy, B S AU - Jolley, JA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Florida+grazing+issues+working+group+-+A+public%2Fprivate+partnership%3A+Highlights+of+the+grazing+leases+workshop&rft.au=Healy%2C+B+S%3BJolley%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; 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phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using population viability analysis (PVA) to evaluate livestock management strategies on a threatened orchid AN - 39499347; 3671995 AU - Sieg, CH AU - King, R M AU - Miller, P S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+population+viability+analysis+%28PVA%29+to+evaluate+livestock+management+strategies+on+a+threatened+orchid&rft.au=Sieg%2C+CH%3BKing%2C+R+M%3BMiller%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Sieg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; 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phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation and interpretation of soil biological data and plant communities for selected sites in Nevada AN - 39496872; 3671752 AU - Franks, C D AU - Samson-Liebig, SE AU - Goings, KA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39496872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+interpretation+of+soil+biological+data+and+plant+communities+for+selected+sites+in+Nevada&rft.au=Franks%2C+C+D%3BSamson-Liebig%2C+SE%3BGoings%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Franks&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282002%29095%280682%3ACOPAIC%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; 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Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Seasonal effects on guayule latex content and yield AN - 39493330; 3682472 AU - Nakayama, F S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39493330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Seasonal+effects+on+guayule+latex+content+and+yield&rft.au=Nakayama%2C+F+S&rft.aulast=Nakayama&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of stream size and riparian composition on terrestrial prey for rainbow trout AN - 39489939; 3677356 AU - Johnson, S L AU - Li, J L AU - Li, H W AU - Frady, CH AU - Brookshire, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39489939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+stream+size+and+riparian+composition+on+terrestrial+prey+for+rainbow+trout&rft.au=Johnson%2C+S+L%3BLi%2C+J+L%3BLi%2C+H+W%3BFrady%2C+CH%3BBrookshire%2C+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Synthesis and physical properties of cuphea oleic estolides AN - 39485068; 3682455 AU - Cermak, S C Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39485068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+physical+properties+of+cuphea+oleic+estolides&rft.au=Cermak%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Cermak&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cotton fiber/seed coat structure analyzed by mid-IR microspectroscopy AN - 39464340; 3673501 AU - Himmelsbach, D AU - Akin, DE AU - Hardin, I AU - Kim, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39464340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cotton+fiber%2Fseed+coat+structure+analyzed+by+mid-IR+microspectroscopy&rft.au=Himmelsbach%2C+D%3BAkin%2C+DE%3BHardin%2C+I%3BKim%2C+J&rft.aulast=Himmelsbach&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Georgia, Dept. of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA 30602-1619, USA; URL: guallart.dac.uga.edu/JEA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growth of eastern gamagrass at two levels of carbon dioxide and three temperatures AN - 39463386; 3674093 AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Gitz, DC III AU - Krizek, D T AU - Reddy, V R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39463386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growth+of+eastern+gamagrass+at+two+levels+of+carbon+dioxide+and+three+temperatures&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+J+C%3BGitz%2C+DC+III%3BKrizek%2C+D+T%3BReddy%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association of Southeastern Biologists, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA; fax: 828-262-2127; URL: www.asb.appstate.edu/63rdmeeting.htm. Paper No. 89 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Regrowth after harvest of one- and two-year-old guayule plants AN - 39463184; 3682470 AU - Coffelt, T A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39463184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regrowth+after+harvest+of+one-+and+two-year-old+guayule+plants&rft.au=Coffelt%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Coffelt&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growth and development responses of cuphea of temperature AN - 39463134; 3682457 AU - Gesch, R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39463134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growth+and+development+responses+of+cuphea+of+temperature&rft.au=Gesch%2C+R&rft.aulast=Gesch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparative quality testing of allergenic (Hevea brasiliensis), hypoallergenic (Parthenium argentatum, Gray) and nonallergenic (synthetic) latex materials AN - 39462117; 3682471 AU - Cornish, K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39462117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparative+quality+testing+of+allergenic+%28Hevea+brasiliensis%29%2C+hypoallergenic+%28Parthenium+argentatum%2C+Gray%29+and+nonallergenic+%28synthetic%29+latex+materials&rft.au=Cornish%2C+K&rft.aulast=Cornish&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rooting characteristics and water requirements of cuphea AN - 39461991; 3682456 AU - Sharratt, B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39461991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rooting+characteristics+and+water+requirements+of+cuphea&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Federal initiatives AN - 39461897; 3682348 AU - Buckhalt, R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39461897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Federal+initiatives&rft.au=Buckhalt%2C+R&rft.aulast=Buckhalt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of wildfire on Sonoran desert plant communities AN - 39460685; 3671897 AU - Alford, E J AU - Brock, J R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39460685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+wildfire+on+Sonoran+desert+plant+communities&rft.au=Alford%2C+E+J%3BBrock%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Alford&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rates of spread of invasive plants AN - 39460620; 3671891 AU - Skinner, K M AU - Rice, P AU - Smith, L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39460620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rates+of+spread+of+invasive+plants&rft.au=Skinner%2C+K+M%3BRice%2C+P%3BSmith%2C+L&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of wildfire on seed-eating desert animals and reciprocal effects on postfire succession AN - 39460244; 3671798 AU - Longland, W S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39460244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+wildfire+on+seed-eating+desert+animals+and+reciprocal+effects+on+postfire+succession&rft.au=Longland%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Longland&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Coordinated resource management can be a success AN - 39459962; 3671714 AU - Madril, R D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39459962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Coordinated+resource+management+can+be+a+success&rft.au=Madril%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Madril&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fruit polyphenolics and brain aging AN - 39457627; 3678705 AU - Denisova, N AU - Bielinski, D AU - Shukitt-Hale, B AU - Gordon, M AU - Morgan, D AU - Diamond, D AU - Arendash, G AU - Joseph, JA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39457627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fruit+polyphenolics+and+brain+aging&rft.au=Denisova%2C+N%3BBielinski%2C+D%3BShukitt-Hale%2C+B%3BGordon%2C+M%3BMorgan%2C+D%3BDiamond%2C+D%3BArendash%2C+G%3BJoseph%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Denisova&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; URL: www.elsevier.nl. Paper No. S6.4 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rangeland technology and equipment council (RTEC)-past, present and future AN - 39455195; 3671874 AU - Lambert, S AU - Pellant, M Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39455195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rangeland+technology+and+equipment+council+%28RTEC%29-past%2C+present+and+future&rft.au=Lambert%2C+S%3BPellant%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vegetation survey on Umnak Island, located in Alaska's Aleutian Island chain AN - 39454381; 3671780 AU - Sonnen, K L AU - Swanson, J D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39454381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vegetation+survey+on+Umnak+Island%2C+located+in+Alaska%27s+Aleutian+Island+chain&rft.au=Sonnen%2C+K+L%3BSwanson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Sonnen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New salad crop revolution AN - 39452687; 3682377 AU - Ryder, E J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39452687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+salad+crop+revolution&rft.au=Ryder%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Ryder&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evapotranspiration in northern semiarid grasslands AN - 39451513; 3671993 AU - Frank, AB AU - Karn, J F Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evapotranspiration+in+northern+semiarid+grasslands&rft.au=Frank%2C+AB%3BKarn%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Germination of seeds of squirreltail AN - 39451484; 3671992 AU - Young, JA AU - Clements, C D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Germination+of+seeds+of+squirreltail&rft.au=Young%2C+JA%3BClements%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Understanding the effects of livestock grazing on aquatic and riparian habitat: Why long-term monitoring is necessary AN - 39451448; 3671922 AU - Kershner, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+effects+of+livestock+grazing+on+aquatic+and+riparian+habitat%3A+Why+long-term+monitoring+is+necessary&rft.au=Kershner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kershner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Land degradation and desertification: Confronting the realities of the 21st century AN - 39450534; 3673837 AU - Eswaran, H AU - Vearasilp, T Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39450534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Land+degradation+and+desertification%3A+Confronting+the+realities+of+the+21st+century&rft.au=Eswaran%2C+H%3BVearasilp%2C+T&rft.aulast=Eswaran&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 17th WCSS Office, Kasetsart University, P.O. 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Paper No. 46 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Estimates of Alaska fish processing waste stream components AN - 39450304; 3676513 AU - Bechtel, P J AU - Crapo, CA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39450304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Estimates+of+Alaska+fish+processing+waste+stream+components&rft.au=Bechtel%2C+P+J%3BCrapo%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Bechtel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: PFT 2002, Food Science & Technology Department, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; phone: 530-752-2507; fax: 530-752-4759 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rangeland and steer responses to grazing in the southern plains AN - 39449414; 3671809 AU - Sims, P L AU - Gillen, R L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rangeland+and+steer+responses+to+grazing+in+the+southern+plains&rft.au=Sims%2C+P+L%3BGillen%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Environmental determination of larval odonate communities in the Western Upper Peninsula of Michigan AN - 39449346; 3677326 AU - Dunlap AU - Hellenthal, R A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Environmental+determination+of+larval+odonate+communities+in+the+Western+Upper+Peninsula+of+Michigan&rft.au=Dunlap%3BHellenthal%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Dunlap&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Gem weather simulation model AN - 39449311; 3671778 AU - Hanson, CL Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Gem+weather+simulation+model&rft.au=Hanson%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Four state collection of big bluestem AN - 39449236; 3671762 AU - Henry, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Four+state+collection+of+big+bluestem&rft.au=Henry%2C+J&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; 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phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Salmon carcasses vs. fertilizer: Stream food web responses to organic and inorganic nutrient enrichment in Alaska AN - 39445824; 3677442 AU - Hudson, J P AU - Wipfli AU - Mitchell, N L AU - Caouette, J P AU - Heintz, R A AU - Chaloner, D T AU - Graham, B S AU - Crenshaw, CL AU - Lessard, J L AU - Lamberti, G A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39445824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Salmon+carcasses+vs.+fertilizer%3A+Stream+food+web+responses+to+organic+and+inorganic+nutrient+enrichment+in+Alaska&rft.au=Hudson%2C+J+P%3BWipfli%3BMitchell%2C+N+L%3BCaouette%2C+J+P%3BHeintz%2C+R+A%3BChaloner%2C+D+T%3BGraham%2C+B+S%3BCrenshaw%2C+CL%3BLessard%2C+J+L%3BLamberti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of purified tridermi reesei cellulase on the supramolecular structure of cotton cellulose AN - 39433321; 3673492 AU - Bertoniere, N AU - Howley, P AU - Rouselle, MA AU - Pere, J AU - Burchert, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39433321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+purified+tridermi+reesei+cellulase+on+the+supramolecular+structure+of+cotton+cellulose&rft.au=Bertoniere%2C+N%3BHowley%2C+P%3BRouselle%2C+MA%3BPere%2C+J%3BBurchert%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bertoniere&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Georgia, Dept. of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA 30602-1619, USA; URL: guallart.dac.uga.edu/JEA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - From range sites to ecological sites: The process of developing ecological sites in the northern plains AN - 39428792; 3671989 AU - Boltz, S AU - Saunders, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39428792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=From+range+sites+to+ecological+sites%3A+The+process+of+developing+ecological+sites+in+the+northern+plains&rft.au=Boltz%2C+S%3BSaunders%2C+J&rft.aulast=Boltz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of clipping date, height, and distance from stream on regrowth of herbaceous riparian vegetation AN - 39427746; 3671806 AU - Boyd, C S AU - Svejcar, T J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39427746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+clipping+date%2C+height%2C+and+distance+from+stream+on+regrowth+of+herbaceous+riparian+vegetation&rft.au=Boyd%2C+C+S%3BSvejcar%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Building ecological site descriptions in the northern plains region: A team approach AN - 39427699; 3671756 AU - Saunders, J AU - Boltz, S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39427699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Building+ecological+site+descriptions+in+the+northern+plains+region%3A+A+team+approach&rft.au=Saunders%2C+J%3BBoltz%2C+S&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Annual and perennial biomass response to nitrogen and precipitation AN - 39427648; 3671755 AU - Haferkamp, M R AU - Klement, K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39427648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Annual+and+perennial+biomass+response+to+nitrogen+and+precipitation&rft.au=Haferkamp%2C+M+R%3BKlement%2C+K&rft.aulast=Haferkamp&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) by Escherichia coli expressing mutated and chimeric PHA synthase genes AN - 18569368; 5420510 AB - Pseudomonas resinovorans phaC1 sub(Pre) and phaC2 sub(Pre) genes coding for poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) synthases were cloned by PCR and expressed in E. coli LS1298 (fadB). Repeat-unit composition analysis showed that beta -hydroxydecanoate (67-75 mol%) and beta -hydroxyoctanoate (25-33 mol%) are the major monomers of the PHA produced in cells grown on decanoate. Sequence analysis showed that the gene products of phaC1 sub(Pre) and phaC2 sub(Pre) had 61% identical (75% positive) amino-acid sequence matches, and both sequences contained a conserved alpha / beta -hydrolase fold in the carboxy-terminal portion of the proteins. Switching the alpha / beta -hydrolase folds of phaC1 sub(Pre) and phaC2 sub(Pre) yielded chimeric pha7 and pha8 genes that afforded PHA synthesis in E. coli LS1298. The repeat-unit compositions of PHA in cells containing pha7 and pha8 were similar to those found in transformants containing the parental genes. Deletion mutants of phaC1 sub(Pre) and phaC2 sub(Pre) that resulted in potential translational fusions also supported PHA synthesis with similar repeat-unit compositions. Chimeric genes obtained from the switching of fragments containing the alpha / beta -hydrolase folds of phaC1 sub(Pre) and Ralstonia eutropha phbC did not direct the synthesis of PHA in transformed cells. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Ashby, R D AU - Foglia, T A AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, dsolaiman@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/06/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 02 SP - 1011 EP - 1016 VL - 24 IS - 12 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase KW - pha7 gene KW - pha8 gene KW - phaC1 gene KW - phaC2 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02729:Organic acids KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18569368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+poly%28hydroxyalkanoates%29+by+Escherichia+coli+expressing+mutated+and+chimeric+PHA+synthase+genes&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+DKY%3BAshby%2C+R+D%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=DKY&rft.date=2002-06-02&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1011&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineered polyamine accumulation in tomato enhances phytonutrient content, juice quality, and vine life AN - 877593254; 13744559 AB - Polyamines, ubiquitous organic aliphatic cations, have been implicated in a myriad of physiological and developmental processes in many organisms, but their in vivo functions remain to be determined. We expressed a yeast S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene (ySAMdc; Spe2) fused with a ripening-inducible E8 promoter to specifically increase levels of the polyamines spermidine and spermine in tomato fruit during ripening. Independent transgenic plants and their segregating lines were evaluated after cultivation in the greenhouse and in the field for five successive generations. The enhanced expression of the ySAMdc gene resulted in increased conversion of putrescine into higher polyamines and thus to ripening-specific accumulation of spermidine and spermine. This led to an increase in lycopene, prolonged vine life, and enhanced fruit juice quality. Lycopene levels in cultivated tomatoes are generally low, and increasing them in the fruit enhances its nutrient value. Furthermore, the rates of ethylene production in the transgenic tomato fruit were consistently higher than those in the nontransgenic control fruit. These data show that polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis pathways can act simultaneously in ripening tomato fruit. Taken together, these results provide the first direct evidence for a physiological role of polyamines and demonstrate an approach to improving nutritional quality, juice quality, and vine life of tomato fruit. JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Mehta, Roshni A AU - Cassol, Tatiana AU - Li, Ning AU - Ali, Nasreen AU - Handa, Avtar K AU - Mattoo, Autar K AD - [1] USDA-ARS Vegetable Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350. [2] These authors contributed equally to this work. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 613 EP - 618 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW United Kingdom VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fruits KW - Spermine KW - Data processing KW - Vines KW - Nutrients KW - Transgenic plants KW - Greenhouses KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Ripening KW - Fruit juices KW - Promoters KW - Putrescine KW - Spermidine KW - Cations KW - polyamines KW - lycopene KW - Ethylene KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - X 24320:Food Additives & Contaminants KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877593254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Engineered+polyamine+accumulation+in+tomato+enhances+phytonutrient+content%2C+juice+quality%2C+and+vine+life&rft.au=Mehta%2C+Roshni+A%3BCassol%2C+Tatiana%3BLi%2C+Ning%3BAli%2C+Nasreen%3BHanda%2C+Avtar+K%3BMattoo%2C+Autar+K&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Roshni&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10870156&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnbt0602-613 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-10-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fruits; Spermine; Data processing; Nutrients; Vines; Transgenic plants; Greenhouses; Ripening; Promoters; Fruit juices; Putrescine; Cations; Spermidine; polyamines; lycopene; Ethylene; S-Adenosylmethionine; Lycopersicon esculentum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0602-613 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective pharmacological inhibitors reveal the role of Syk tyrosine kinase, phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in Fc receptor-mediated signaling of chicken heterophil degranulation. AN - 72017882; 12188037 AB - Fc receptors of avian heterophils play a primary role in the elimination of bacterial pathogens in poultry. The cross-linking of Fc receptors with IgG-bacteria complexes results in the secretion of toxic oxygen metabolites and anti-bacterial granules. We have been investigating the upstream signaling events that precede degranulation following crosslinkage of Fc receptors on heterophils. Previously when using the non-selective pharmacological inhibitors genistein, chelerythrine, verapamil, and pertussis toxin, we found no significant inhibitory effects on Fc-mediated heterophil degranulation. In the present studies, we used more selective pharmacological inhibitors to investigate the roles of protein tyrosine kinases, phospholipase C (PLC), phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, and the family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) on Fc-mediated heterophil degranulation. Inhibitors of the receptor-linked tyrosine kinases (the tryphostins AG 1478 and AG 1296) had no attenuating effects on the Fc receptor-mediated degranulation of chicken heterophils. Likewise, PP2, a selective inhibitor of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases, had no inhibitory effects on degranulation. However, piceatannol, a selective inhibitor of Syk tyrosine kinase, significantly attenuated the effect of Fc receptor-mediated degranulation. Additionally, Fc-mediated degranulation was significantly attenuated by SB 203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, but not by PD98059, an inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). An inhibitor of phospholipase C, U73122 and LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphoinositol-3 kinase significantly decreased heterophil degranulation. These results suggest that the Fc receptors on chicken heterophils, like their counterparts on mammalian neutrophils, have no intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, but probably mediate downstream events through activation of tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM). Activation of the Syk tyrosine kinase stimulates downstream phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, phospholipase C, and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase as signaling pathways that regulate Fc-receptor-mediated degranulation of chicken heterophils. Engaging Fc receptors on chicken heterophils activates a Syk-->PLC-->PI3-K-->p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway that induces degranulation. JF - International immunopharmacology AU - Kogut, Michael AU - Lowry, Virginia K AU - Farnell, Morgan AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA. kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 963 EP - 973 VL - 2 IS - 7 SN - 1567-5769, 1567-5769 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Precursors KW - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Receptors, Fc KW - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases KW - EC 2.7.1.- KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Syk Kinase KW - EC 2.7.10.2 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - Type C Phospholipases KW - EC 3.1.4.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - MAP Kinase Signaling System -- drug effects KW - Type C Phospholipases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Enzyme Precursors -- physiology KW - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases -- physiology KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- physiology KW - Type C Phospholipases -- physiology KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Chickens KW - Enzyme Precursors -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- physiology KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Receptors, Fc -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Receptors, Fc -- physiology KW - Cell Degranulation -- physiology KW - Granulocytes -- enzymology KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Granulocytes -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cell Degranulation -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72017882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Selective+pharmacological+inhibitors+reveal+the+role+of+Syk+tyrosine+kinase%2C+phospholipase+C%2C+phosphatidylinositol-3%27-kinase%2C+and+p38+mitogen-activated+protein+kinase+in+Fc+receptor-mediated+signaling+of+chicken+heterophil+degranulation.&rft.au=Kogut%2C+Michael%3BLowry%2C+Virginia+K%3BFarnell%2C+Morgan&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=963&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+immunopharmacology&rft.issn=15675769&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of various models of propane-powered mosquito traps. AN - 71932860; 12125861 AB - Large cage and field studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of various models of propane-powered mosquito traps. These traps utilized counterflow technology in conjunction with catalytic combustion to produce attractants (carbon dioxide, water vapor, and heat) and a thermoelectric generator that converted excess heat into electricity for stand-alone operation. The cage studies showed that large numbers of Aedes aegypti and Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus were captured and that each progressive model resulted in increased trapping efficiency. In several field studies against natural populations of mosquitoes two different propane traps were compared against two other trap systems, the professional (PRO) and counterflow geometry (CFG) traps. In these studies the propane traps consistently caught more mosquitoes than the PRO trap and significantly fewer mosquitoes than the CFG traps. The difference in collection size between the CFG and propane traps was due mostly to Anopheles crucians. In spring 1997 the CFG trap captured 3.6X more An. crucians than the Portable Propane (PP) model and in spring 1998 it captured 6.3X more An. crucians than the Mosquito Magnet Beta-1 (MMB-1) trap. Both the PP and MMB-1 captured slightly more Culex spp. than the CFG trap. JF - Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology AU - Kline, Daniel L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 1081-1710, 1081-1710 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Propane KW - T75W9911L6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Equipment Design KW - Population Dynamics KW - Culicidae KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71932860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+vector+ecology+%3A+journal+of+the+Society+for+Vector+Ecology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+various+models+of+propane-powered+mosquito+traps.&rft.au=Kline%2C+Daniel+L&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+vector+ecology+%3A+journal+of+the+Society+for+Vector+Ecology&rft.issn=10811710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enumeration and identification of yeasts associated with commercial poultry processing and spoilage of refrigerated broiler carcasses. AN - 71866584; 12092734 AB - Yeasts associated with broiler carcasses taken from various stages of commercial poultry processing operations and broiler carcasses stored at refrigerated temperatures were enumerated and identified. Whole carcass rinses were performed to recover yeasts from carcasses taken from a processing facility and processed carcasses stored at 4 degrees C for up to 14 days. Yeasts in the carcass rinsates were enumerated on acidified potato dextrose agar and identified with the MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System. Dendrograms of fatty acid profiles of yeast were prepared to determine the degree of relatedness of the yeast isolates. Findings indicated that as the carcasses are moved through the processing line, significant decreases in the number of yeasts associated with broiler carcasses usually occur, and the composition of the yeast flora of the carcasses is altered. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in the yeast population of the carcasses generally occur during storage at 4 degrees C, however. Furthermore, it was determined that the same strain of yeast may be recovered from different carcasses at different points in the processing line and that the same strain of yeast may be isolated from carcasses processed on different days in the same processing facility. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Hinton, Arthur AU - Cason, J A AU - Ingram, Kimberly D AD - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. ahinton@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 993 EP - 998 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Temperature KW - Food Contamination KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Time Factors KW - Yeasts -- isolation & purification KW - Yeasts -- growth & development KW - Yeasts -- classification KW - Poultry -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71866584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Enumeration+and+identification+of+yeasts+associated+with+commercial+poultry+processing+and+spoilage+of+refrigerated+broiler+carcasses.&rft.au=Hinton%2C+Arthur%3BCason%2C+J+A%3BIngram%2C+Kimberly+D&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing for Salmonella in raw meat and poultry products collected at federally inspected establishments in the United States, 1998 through 2000. AN - 71864268; 12092726 AB - The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) issued Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Systems; Final Rule (the PR/HACCP rule) on 25 July 1996. To verify that industry PR/HACCP systems are effective in controlling the contamination of raw meat and poultry products with human disease-causing bacteria, this rule sets product-specific Salmonella performance standards that must be met by slaughter establishments and establishments producing raw ground products. These performance standards are based on the prevalence of Salmonella as determined from the FSIS's nationwide microbial baseline studies and are expressed in terms of the maximum number of Salmonella-positive samples that are allowed in a given sample set. From 26 January 1998 through 31 December 2000, federal inspectors collected 98,204 samples and 1,502 completed sample sets for Salmonella analysis from large, small, and very small establishments that produced at least one of seven raw meat and poultry products: broilers, market hogs, cows and bulls, steers and heifers, ground beef, ground chicken, and ground turkey. Salmonella prevalence in most of the product categories was lower after the implementation of PR/HACCP than in pre-PR/HACCP baseline studies and surveys conducted by the FSIS. The results of 3 years of testing at establishments of all sizes combined show that >80% of the sample sets met the following Salmonella prevalence performance standards: 20.0% for broilers, 8.7% for market hogs, 2.7% for cows and bulls, 1.0% for steers and heifers, 7.5% for ground beef, 44.6% for ground chicken, and 49.9% for ground turkey. The decreased Salmonella prevalences may partly reflect industry improvements, such as improved process control, incorporation of antimicrobial interventions, and increased microbial-process control monitoring, in conjunction with PR/HACCP implementation. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Rose, Bonnie E AU - Hill, Walter E AU - Umholtz, Robert AU - Ransom, Gerri M AU - James, William O AD - Microbiology Branch, Office of Public Health and Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250-3700, USA. bonnie.rose@fsis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 937 EP - 947 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Swine KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Turkeys KW - Male KW - Female KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Food Inspection -- methods KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71864268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Testing+for+Salmonella+in+raw+meat+and+poultry+products+collected+at+federally+inspected+establishments+in+the+United+States%2C+1998+through+2000.&rft.au=Rose%2C+Bonnie+E%3BHill%2C+Walter+E%3BUmholtz%2C+Robert%3BRansom%2C+Gerri+M%3BJames%2C+William+O&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Bonnie&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotyping and ribotyping of Salmonella using restriction enzyme PvuII. AN - 71861295; 12092713 AB - The subtyping and identification of bacterial pathogens throughout food processing and production chains is useful to the new hazard analysis critical control point-based food safety plans. Traditional manual serotyping remains the primary means of subtyping Salmonella isolates. Molecular biology techniques, however, offer the promise of more rapid and sensitive subtyping of Salmonella. This study evaluates the potential of restriction enzyme PvuII, followed by probing with the rRNA operon from Escherichia coli, to generate serotype-specific DNA fingerprints. A total of 32 identified serotypes were found with an overall agreement in 208 of the 259 (80%) isolates tested between U.S. Department of Agriculture serotype identification and riboprint serotype identification. Many of the isolates that did not correlate were serotype identified as Salmonella Montevideo, which indicates that for this serotype, there are multiple ribotypes. When Salmonella Montevideo isolates were not included, the ribotype identification agreed with serotyping in 207 of the 231 (90%) isolates. The primary outcome of any ribotyping procedure is to give distinct ribotype patterns. This extensive poultry epidemiological study demonstrates that, in addition to ribotype patterns, the identification of isolates to known serotypes provides the investigator with additional information that can be more useful than traditional epidemiology and isolate identification studies. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Bailey, J S AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Stern, N J AU - Craven, S E AU - Cox, N A AU - Cosby, D E AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. jsbailey@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1005 EP - 1007 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - RNA, Ribosomal KW - 0 KW - CAGCTG-specific type II deoxyribonucleases KW - EC 3.1.21.4 KW - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Time Factors KW - Ribotyping -- methods KW - RNA, Ribosomal -- analysis KW - Poultry -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- classification KW - Serotyping -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71861295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Serotyping+and+ribotyping+of+Salmonella+using+restriction+enzyme+PvuII.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BCraven%2C+S+E%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BCosby%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technical note: epimerization of ergopeptine alkaloids in organic and aqueous solvents. AN - 71859623; 12078743 AB - Purified ergopeptine alkaloids are often used in studies related to tall fescue toxicosis without regard to epimerization that occurs when ergopeptines are solvated. The objectives of this study were to measure the rates of alpha-ergocryptine epimerization to alpha-ergocryptinine at room temperature and at -40 degrees C, and to measure the rate of ergovaline epimerization to ergovalinine at 37 degrees C. Alpha-ergocryptine tartrate was stable (< 0.5% epimerization) in protic or aprotic solvents when stored at -40 degrees C for 20 to 52 d. At room temperature, alpha-ergocryptine epimerization in chloroform did not occur; epimerization was modest in acetone and acetonitrile (< 5%) but was substantial in methanol (78% by 38 d) and in a 70:30 water methanol mix (47% by 42 d). Ergovaline epimerization to ergovalinine occurred at 37 degrees C in 0.1 M phosphate buffers (pH 3, 7.5, and 9) in 9% aqueous solutions of fetal bovine serum (FBS), and in water, methanol, and acetonitrile. The degree of epimerization at 37 degrees C was solvent-dependent. Epimerization rates with respect to time were roughly linear in phosphate buffer (pH 3 only), water, methanol, and acetonitrile; epimerization rates resembled first-order kinetics in phosphate buffers (pH 7.5 and 9) and in the presence of FBS (pH 3, 7.5 and in Dulbecco's culture media). Epimerization equilibria (48 to 63% ergovaline) were reached within approximately 1 to 19 h. Results from this study indicate that researchers conducting studies with purified ergopeptines should carefully control the storage conditions of solvated ergopeptines and measure isomeric composition under the actual experimental conditions used in experiments. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Smith, D J AU - Shappell, N W AD - USDA ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA. smithd@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1616 EP - 1622 VL - 80 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Ergolines KW - 0 KW - Ergot Alkaloids KW - Ergotamines KW - Solvents KW - ergovaline KW - 2873-38-3 KW - ergocryptine KW - 511-09-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Temperature KW - Poaceae -- chemistry KW - Isomerism KW - Ergotamines -- chemistry KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Ergolines -- chemistry KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71859623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Technical+note%3A+epimerization+of+ergopeptine+alkaloids+in+organic+and+aqueous+solvents.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+J%3BShappell%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1616&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) history and conceptual overview. AN - 71858581; 12088233 AB - The concept of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a system that enables the production of safe meat and poultry products through the thorough analysis of production processes, identification of all hazards that are likely to occur in the production establishment, the identification of critical points in the process at which these hazards may be introduced into product and therefore should be controlled, the establishment of critical limits for control at those points, the verification of these prescribed steps, and the methods by which the processing establishment and the regulatory authority can monitor how well process control through the HACCP plan is working. The history of the development of HACCP is reviewed, and examples of practical applications of HACCP are described. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Hulebak, Karen L AU - Schlosser, Wayne AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Health and Science, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 547 EP - 552 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Meat KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Cattle KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Risk Assessment KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71858581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Hazard+analysis+and+critical+control+point+%28HACCP%29+history+and+conceptual+overview.&rft.au=Hulebak%2C+Karen+L%3BSchlosser%2C+Wayne&rft.aulast=Hulebak&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and other insect associated resistance in the maize inbred Tex6. AN - 71847307; 12076011 AB - A 2-yr field and laboratory study investigated insect resistance of the maize, Zea mays L., inbred Tex6, which has previously demonstrated resistance to Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin production, relative to susceptible inbred B73. Field studies indicated significantly greater resistance to insect feeding of V4-V8 growth stage Tex6 plants compared with B73 plants in both years, primarily to flea beetles (Chaetonema spp.). Field studies of natural (1999) and artificial (2000) infestations of corn earworms, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), indicated much lower levels of kernel damage at milk stage (approximately three-fold) and smaller surviving larvae (approximately three-fold) in Tex6 compared with B73 ears. At harvest similar trends in reduction of numbers of damaged kernels per ear, as well as incidence and numbers of kernels per ear symptomatically infected by Fusarium spp. were noted. Laboratory studies indicated little difference in mortality or survivor weight of caterpillars or sap beetle adults caged with milk stage kernels of the two inbreds. However, assays with silks indicated significantly greater mortality of H. zea in both 1999 and 2000, and European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) in 1999 (only year tested) when fed Tex6 silks compared with B73 silks. Pollinated Tex6 silks were generally darker colored and more toxic than unpollinated silks. Thus, it is possible that commercially usable inbreds with resistance to insects, which also contribute to the mycotoxin problem through vectoring and damage, could be produced using Tex6 as a source. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Dowd, Patrick F AU - White, Donald C AD - Crop BioProtection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. dowdpf@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 628 EP - 634 VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Zea mays KW - Moths UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71847307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Corn+earworm%2C+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+and+other+insect+associated+resistance+in+the+maize+inbred+Tex6.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+Patrick+F%3BWhite%2C+Donald+C&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=628&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sodium chlorate supplementation reduces E. coli O157:H7 populations in cattle. AN - 71846443; 12078750 AB - Cattle are a natural reservoir of the food-borne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7. Therefore, strategies that reduce E. coli O157:H7 prior to slaughter will reduce human exposures to this virulent pathogen. When bacteria that can anaerobically respire on nitrate (e.g., E. coli) are exposed to chlorate, they die because the intracellular enzyme nitrate reductase converts nitrate to nitrite, but also co-metabolically reduces chlorate to cytotoxic chlorite. Because chlorate is bactericidal only against nitrate reductase-positive bacteria, it has been suggested that chlorate supplementation be used as a strategy to reduce E. coli O157:H7 populations in cattle prior to harvest. Cattle (n = 8) were fed a feedlot-style high-grain diet experimentally infected with three strains of E. coli O157:H7. Cattle were given access to drinking water supplemented with 2.5 mM KNO3 and 100 mM NaCl (controls; n = 4) or 2.5 mM KNO3 and 100 mM NaClO3 (chlorate-treated; n = 4). Sodium chlorate treatment for 24 h reduced the population of all E. coli O157:H7 strains approximately two logs (10(4) to 10(2)) in the rumen and three logs (10(6) to 10(3)) in the feces. Chlorate treatment reduced total coliforms and generic E. coli from 106 to 10(4) in the rumen and by two logs throughout the rest of the gastrointestinal tract (ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum). Chlorate treatment reduced E. coli O157:H7 counts throughout the intestinal tract but did not alter total culturable anaerobic bacterial counts or the ruminal fermentation pattern. Therefore, it appears that chlorate supplementation is a viable potential strategy to reduce E. coli O157:H7 populations in cattle prior to harvest. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Callaway, T R AU - Anderson, R C AU - Genovese, K J AU - Poole, T L AU - Anderson, T J AU - Byrd, J A AU - Kubena, L F AU - Nisbet, D J AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845, USA. callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1683 EP - 1689 VL - 80 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Chlorates KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - sodium chlorate KW - T95DR77GMR KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Disease Reservoirs -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Digestive System -- microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- veterinary KW - Female KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Chlorates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71846443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Sodium+chlorate+supplementation+reduces+E.+coli+O157%3AH7+populations+in+cattle.&rft.au=Callaway%2C+T+R%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BPoole%2C+T+L%3BAnderson%2C+T+J%3BByrd%2C+J+A%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Callaway&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fusarium Tri8 encodes a trichothecene C-3 esterase. AN - 71764094; 12039755 AB - Mutant strains of Fusarium graminearum Z3639 produced by disruption of Tri8 were altered in their ability to biosynthesize 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and instead accumulated 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol, 7,8-dihydroxycalonectrin, and calonectrin. Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL3299 Tri8 mutant strains accumulated 3-acetyl T-2 toxin, 3-acetyl neosolaniol, and 3,4,15-triacetoxyscirpenol rather than T-2 toxin, neosolaniol, and 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol. The accumulation of these C-3-acetylated compounds suggests that Tri8 encodes an esterase responsible for deacetylation at C-3. This gene function was confirmed by cell-free enzyme assays and feeding experiments with yeast expressing Tri8. Previous studies have shown that Tri101 encodes a C-3 transacetylase that acts as a self-protection or resistance factor during biosynthesis and that the presence of a free C-3 hydroxyl group is a key component of Fusarium trichothecene phytotoxicity. Since Tri8 encodes the esterase that removes the C-3 protecting group, it may be considered a toxicity factor. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - McCormick, Susan P AU - Alexander, Nancy J AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604-3902, USA. mccormsp@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 2959 EP - 2964 VL - 68 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Fungal Proteins KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Esterases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cell-Free System KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Esterases -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- enzymology KW - Trichothecenes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71764094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Fusarium+Tri8+encodes+a+trichothecene+C-3+esterase.&rft.au=McCormick%2C+Susan+P%3BAlexander%2C+Nancy+J&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF359361; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Dec;65(12):5252-6 [10583973] Mol Gen Genet. 1999 Jul;261(6):977-84 [10485289] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Jul;67(7):2966-72 [11425709] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Nov;67(11):5294-302 [11679358] Nat Toxins. 1999;7(6):265-9 [11122517] Biochem Pharmacol. 1969 Jun;18(6):1473-8 [5816375] Appl Microbiol. 1975 Jan;29(1):54-8 [234156] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1986 Dec;251(2):756-61 [3800398] Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;7(9):3297-305 [2823126] Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Mar 25;20(6):1425 [1561104] Microbiol Rev. 1993 Sep;57(3):595-604 [8246841] Curr Genet. 1993 Oct;24(4):291-5 [8252637] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 May;61(5):1923-30 [7646028] Mol Gen Genet. 1995 Jul 22;248(1):95-102 [7651333] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Feb;62(2):353-9 [8593041] Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1995 Jul-Aug;8(4):593-601 [8589414] Nat Toxins. 1996;4(3):108-16 [8743931] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jan;64(1):221-5 [9435078] J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 16;273(3):1654-61 [9430709] Fungal Genet Biol. 2001 Mar;32(2):121-33 [11352533] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A potential biodegradable rubber--Viscoelastic properties of a soybean oil-based composite AN - 21320787; 12035325 AB - Scientists are more and more interested in biodegradable materials owing to their environmental advantage. We investigated viscoelastic properties of a newly developed biomaterial made from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). ESO cross-linked by triethylene glycol diamine exhibited viscoelastic solid properties. The storage modulus (G') was 2X10 Pa over four frequency decades. The phase angles were 14--18°. Stress relaxation measurements showed that there was no relaxation up to 500 s. From the plateau modulus we estimated that the M.W. of this cross-linked soybean oil was on the order of 10. The composites of cross-linked ESO with three different fibers had 50 times higher elasticity (G') than those without fiber. Phase shifts were the same as those of cross-linked oil without fibers, but the linear range of rheological properties was much narrower than that of the material without fibers. All these results indicated that this new biopolymer made from soybean oil exhibited strong viscoelastic solid properties similar to synthetic rubbers. These rheological properties implied that this biomaterial has high potential to replace some of the synthetic rubber and/or plastics. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Xu, Jingyuan AU - Liu, Zengshe AU - Erhan, Sevim Z AU - Carriere, Craig J AD - Cereal Products and Food Science Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., 60604 Peoria, IL, xuj@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 593 EP - 596 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 79 IS - 6 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Fibers KW - Biomaterials KW - Biopolymers KW - Rubber KW - Stress KW - triethylene glycol KW - Plastics KW - viscoelasticity KW - Phase shift KW - Soybeans KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21320787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=A+potential+biodegradable+rubber--Viscoelastic+properties+of+a+soybean+oil-based+composite&rft.au=Xu%2C+Jingyuan%3BLiu%2C+Zengshe%3BErhan%2C+Sevim+Z%3BCarriere%2C+Craig+J&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Jingyuan&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-002-0528-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Fibers; Biopolymers; Biomaterials; Stress; Rubber; triethylene glycol; Plastics; Phase shift; viscoelasticity; Soybeans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-002-0528-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating grass productivity on diverse range sites in Texas AN - 20671935; 5429295 AB - Simulation models addressing soil erosion and water quality issues on range sites should realistically simulate grass dry matter yields across a wide diversity of soils and climate regimes. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of the ALMANAC (Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteria) model to simulate annual range grass biomass production under diverse climatic conditions and soils in Texas. The objective was to compare range grass production at rangeland ecological sites, as reported in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service ((USDA NRCS) soil surveys, with production simulated by ALMANAC using the most common grasses for each site. The model was run with 60 years of daily weather data on 20 different soils from a diverse set of sites in Texas. The weather data was from seven sites. Model inputs included parameters for the soil series, grass species characteristics, and locally measured climate data. After allowing 10 years for the model to equilibrate, means for simulated production for the sites for the next 50 years were similar to reported means. Simulated production in high rainfall years and low rainfall years were also similar to reported values. The soils, climate, and grass parameter data sets developed here can be useful starting points for deriving data for additional range sites, giving model users examples of realistic input data. The model shows promise as a tool for realistically simulating grass production on a diverse group of soils and in diverse climatic conditions. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Kiniry, J R AU - Sanchez, H AU - Greenwade, J AU - Seidensticker, E AU - Bell, J R AU - Pringle, F AU - Peacock, G Jr AU - Rives, J AD - USDA NRCS in Temple, TX, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 144 EP - 150 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Texas KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - water quality KW - Geographical distribution KW - Resource management KW - Grasses KW - Rainfall KW - Water conservation KW - Climatic changes KW - dry matter KW - climatic conditions KW - Soil erosion KW - Water quality KW - Soil KW - Erosion Control KW - Weather KW - Mathematical models KW - Resource conservation KW - agriculture KW - Simulation KW - Vegetation Effects KW - agricultural land KW - Model Studies KW - Grasslands KW - Rangelands KW - Soil Conservation KW - Comparison Studies KW - Natural resources KW - soil surveys KW - Conservation KW - Soil Erosion KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20671935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Simulating+grass+productivity+on+diverse+range+sites+in+Texas&rft.au=Kiniry%2C+J+R%3BSanchez%2C+H%3BGreenwade%2C+J%3BSeidensticker%2C+E%3BBell%2C+J+R%3BPringle%2C+F%3BPeacock%2C+G+Jr%3BRives%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kiniry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Geographical distribution; Mathematical models; Resource conservation; Water conservation; Climatic changes; Soil erosion; Water quality; Weather; water quality; Grasses; Rainfall; agriculture; dry matter; Simulation; climatic conditions; agricultural land; Soil; Rangelands; Natural resources; soil surveys; Conservation; Meteorological Data Collection; Grasslands; Erosion Control; Comparison Studies; Soil Conservation; Vegetation Effects; Soil Erosion; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of hypericins and hyperforin in Hypericum perforatum L. in response to biotic and chemical elicitors AN - 20097040; 5465396 AB - Hypericum perforatum L. produces hyperforins, a family of antimicrobial acylphloroglucinols; and hypericins, a family of phototoxic anthraquinones exhibiting anti-microbial, anti-viral, and anti-herbivore properties in vitro. To determine whether these secondary metabolites are part of the specific plant defense systems that are mediated by methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid, we used meristem cultures to assess the effects of exposure to exogenous application of these chemical elicitors. Levels of hypericins in plant tissue increased in response to both elicitor treatments; total hypericin levels increased as much as 3.3 times control levels when treated with 200 mu methyl jasmonate for 14 days. Increased hyperforin concentrations were detected when plantlets were treated with 1 m salicylic acid or 50 mu methyl jasmonate. For assessing responses to a biotic elicitor, greenhouse-grown plant materials were inoculated with the plant pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Levels of hypericins increased twice as much as the control when inoculated with 1 x 10 super(4) spores per ml; higher doses of spores overwhelmed the plant defenses. The elevation of hypericins and hyperforin in response to chemical and biotic elicitors suggests that these secondary metabolites are components in the inducible plant defense responses of H. perforatum. Copyright Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Sirvent, T AU - Gibson, D AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Protection Research Unit, U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14583, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 311 EP - 320 PB - Academic Press VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Meristems KW - anthraquinone KW - Hypericin KW - Methyl jasmonate KW - Pathogens KW - Salicylic acid KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Hypericum perforatum KW - Plantlets KW - Colletotrichum gloeosporioides KW - Antiviral agents KW - Secondary metabolites KW - Spores KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - V 22340:Antiviral Agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20097040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+hypericins+and+hyperforin+in+Hypericum+perforatum+L.+in+response+to+biotic+and+chemical+elicitors&rft.au=Sirvent%2C+T%3BGibson%2C+D&rft.aulast=Sirvent&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fpmpp.2002.0410 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plantlets; Meristems; Antiviral agents; anthraquinone; Methyl jasmonate; Hypericin; Secondary metabolites; Pathogens; Spores; Salicylic acid; Antimicrobial agents; Hypericum perforatum; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.2002.0410 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Riparian zone impact on phosphorus movement to a Coastal Plain black water stream AN - 19936616; 5429293 AB - Riparian zones are an important conservation practice because they can decrease the entry of sediments and nutrients into sensitive aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated the effectiveness of a Coastal Plain riparian zone in decreasing the movement of phosphorus (P) into a black water stream from an overloaded swine manure spray field. Soil P concentrations (Mehlich 3 P, M3P; and total P, TP) were measured in a spray field, grass strip, mid-riparian, and stream edge continuum. Dissolved P (DP) was measured in ground water wells located in the spray field, grass strip, and stream edge and in in-stream grab samples. The spray field and grass strip areas had high soil M3P concentrations. Low M3P concentrations were detected in soils in the mid-riparian and stream edge areas, indicating effective retention of P by the grass strip area. Elevated DP concentrations were detected in the spray field and grass strip wells, while stream edge wells were low. The riparian zone contributed to decreased DP concentrations between the grass strip and stream edge wells. Furthermore, stream grab samples were consistently low in DP concentrations. We conclude that a riparian zone can effectively limit the movement of P-enriched sediments and prevent DP-enriched ground water from entering a local stream, even in a heavily loaded situation. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Novak, J M AU - Hunt, P G AU - Stone, K C AU - Watts, D W AU - Johnson, M H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Coastal Plains Research Center (CPRC) in Florence, SC, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 127 EP - 133 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Manure KW - Path of Pollutants KW - Grasses KW - Coastal Waters KW - Water conservation KW - Phosphorus KW - Streams KW - Soil KW - Riparian Land KW - Riparian environments KW - plains KW - Animal wastes KW - Riparian zone KW - Sprays KW - Grabs KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Sediments KW - nutrients KW - Coastal zone KW - Spray KW - Conservation KW - Water wells KW - Groundwater KW - aquatic ecosystems KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19936616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Riparian+zone+impact+on+phosphorus+movement+to+a+Coastal+Plain+black+water+stream&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BStone%2C+K+C%3BWatts%2C+D+W%3BJohnson%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coastal zone; Manure; Riparian zone; Water conservation; Spray; Grabs; Phosphorus; Animal wastes; Grasses; Sprays; Streams; Sediments; Soil; nutrients; Riparian environments; Water wells; Conservation; plains; aquatic ecosystems; Groundwater; Agricultural Runoff; Path of Pollutants; Coastal Waters; Riparian Land; Nonpoint Pollution Sources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A biogeochemistry-based dynamic vegetation model and its application along a moisture gradient in the continental United States AN - 19767855; 5673296 AB - We develop and evaluate a large-scale dynamic vegetation model, TEM-LPJ, which considers interactions among water, light and nitrogen in simulating ecosystem function and structure. We parameterized the model for three plant functional types (PFTs): a temperate deciduous forest, a temperate coniferous forest, and a temperate C3 grassland. Model parameters were determined using data from forest stands at the Harvard Forest in Massachusetts. Applications of the model reasonably simulated stand development over 120 yr for Populus tremuloides in Wisconsin and for Pinus elliottii in Florida. Our evaluation of tree-grass interactions simulated by the model indicated that competition for light led to dominance by the deciduous forest PFT in moist regions of eastern United States and that water competition led to dominance by the grass PFT in dry regions of the central United States. Along a moisture transect at 41.5 degree N in the eastern United States, simulations by TEM-LPJ reproduced the composition of potential temperate deciduous forest, temperate savanna, and C3 grassland located along the transect. double prime bbreviations: DGVM = Dynamic global vegetation models; LPJ = Lund-Potsdam-Jena; TEM = Terrestrial Ecosystem Model; VEMAP = Vegetation Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project; WBM = Water Balance Model. JF - Journal of Vegetation Science AU - Pan, Y AU - McGuire, AD AU - Melillo, J M AU - Kicklighter, D W AU - Sitch, S AU - Prentice, I C AD - USDA Forest Service, 11 Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA, ypan@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 369 EP - 382 PB - International Association of Vegetation Science VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1100-9233, 1100-9233 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Water balance KW - Grasslands KW - Data processing KW - Pinus elliottii KW - Structure-function relationships KW - Vegetation KW - Competition KW - Populus tremuloides KW - Nitrogen KW - Dominance KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19767855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vegetation+Science&rft.atitle=A+biogeochemistry-based+dynamic+vegetation+model+and+its+application+along+a+moisture+gradient+in+the+continental+United+States&rft.au=Pan%2C+Y%3BMcGuire%2C+AD%3BMelillo%2C+J+M%3BKicklighter%2C+D+W%3BSitch%2C+S%3BPrentice%2C+I+C&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Vegetation+Science&rft.issn=11009233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F1100-9233%282002%29013%280369%3AABBDVM%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1100-9233&volume=13&page=369 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus elliottii; Populus tremuloides; Vegetation; Dominance; Grasslands; Competition; Structure-function relationships; Nitrogen; Data processing; Water balance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/1100-9233(2002)013(0369:ABBDVM)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MODULATION OF ADIPOCYTE DETERMINATION AND DIFFERENTIATION-DEPENDENT FACTOR 1 BY SELECTED POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AN - 19335248; 8696204 AB - The transcription factor, sterol regulatory binding protein 1c (also called adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1), stimulates transcription of the messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) for lipid synthesis enzymes. Hepatic ADD1 transcripts are reduced by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The ADD1 transcripts are expressed to a considerable extent in porcine adipocytes. Consequently, it was of interest to examine the effects of several PUFAs on ADD1 in a tissue wherein several long-chain fatty acids (FAs) increase adipocyte differentiation. The effects of arachidonic acid (C20:4), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6), and cis 9, trans 11-conjugated linoleic acid (9,11-CLA) on differentiating preadipocyte ADD1 mRNA and protein and on preadipocyte differentiation were determined. Porcine stromal-vascular cells were plated in serum-containing medium and differentiated in serum-free medium containing insulin, hydrocortisone, and transferrin plus or minus an individual FA. After 24-h differentiation plus or minus FA, plates were stained with Oil Red O as an indicator of differentiation or total RNA was extracted or a nuclear fraction was isolated for protein measurement. Addition of C20:4 or 9,11-CLA increased the number of Oil Red O-stained cells or the Oil Red O-stained material, whereas C22:6 did not. Addition of C20:4, C22:6, or 9,11-CLA decreased the concentration of the mRNA and protein for ADD1. Thus, although all three FAs decreased the ADD1 mRNA and protein concentrations, C20:4 and 9,11-CLA increased differentiation, measured by Oil Red O staining, whereas C22:6 did not. The data suggest that the regulation of differentiation and mRNAs by individual FAs may involve distinct mechanisms. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Ding, Shih-Torng AU - McNeel, Ronald L AU - Mersmann, Harry J AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-2600 (S.-T. D., R. L. M., H. J. M.) and Department of Animal Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (S.-T. D.), mersmann@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 352 EP - 357 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - adipocyte differentiation KW - conjugated linoleic acid KW - polyunsaturated fatty acids KW - lipoprotein lipase KW - porcine KW - ADD1 KW - PPARγ C/EBP alpha KW - Hydrocortisone KW - Data processing KW - Lipids KW - Preadipocytes KW - Arachidonic acid KW - Enzymes KW - Transcription KW - Insulin KW - Oil KW - Differentiation KW - Docosahexaenoic acid KW - serum-free medium KW - Transferrin KW - Fas antigen KW - Sterols KW - Adipocytes KW - Transcription factors KW - Fatty acids KW - Liver KW - CD95 antigen KW - Polyunsaturated fatty acids KW - Linoleic acid KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19335248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=MODULATION+OF+ADIPOCYTE+DETERMINATION+AND+DIFFERENTIATION-DEPENDENT+FACTOR+1+BY+SELECTED+POLYUNSATURATED+FATTY+ACIDS&rft.au=Ding%2C+Shih-Torng%3BMcNeel%2C+Ronald+L%3BMersmann%2C+Harry+J&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Shih-Torng&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1071-2690%282002%290382.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Hydrocortisone; Lipids; Preadipocytes; Transcription; Enzymes; Arachidonic acid; Insulin; Oil; Differentiation; Transferrin; serum-free medium; Docosahexaenoic acid; Sterols; Fas antigen; Transcription factors; Adipocytes; Liver; Fatty acids; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; CD95 antigen; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1071-2690(2002)038<0352:MOADAD>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - O sub(3) uptake and drought stress effects on carbon acquisition of ponderosa pine in natural stands AN - 18927357; 5523860 AB - The effect of O sub(3) exposure or uptake on carbon acquisition (net assimilation (A) or gross photosynthesis (P sub(g))), with and without drought stress, is reported here in 40-yr-old-ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees. Maximum daily gas exchange was measured monthly for 12 trees at four sites differing in pollutant exposure over two growing seasons with above- and below-average annual precipitation. Gas exchange measures were estimated between sampling periods using a generalized additive regression model. Both A and P sub(g) generally declined with cumulative O sub(3) exposure or uptake at all sites. As a response variable, P sub(g) was slightly more sensitive than A to cumulative O sub(3) exposure. As a metric, O sub(3) uptake vs exposure permitted slightly better statistical resolution of seasonal response between sites. The effect of late summer drought stress was statistically significant only at the moderate pollution site, and combined synergistically with O sub(3) exposure or uptake to reduce P sub(g). The general additive model allows the user to define a deleterious level of cumulative O sub(3) exposure or uptake, and to quantitatively assess biological response. JF - New Phytologist AU - Grulke, N E AU - Preisler, H K AU - Rose, C AU - Kirsch, J AU - Balduman, L AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, ngrulke@deltanet.com Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 621 EP - 631 VL - 154 IS - 3 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - ozone KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Gas exchange KW - Photosynthesis KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Carbon cycle KW - Assimilation KW - Droughts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18927357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=O+sub%283%29+uptake+and+drought+stress+effects+on+carbon+acquisition+of+ponderosa+pine+in+natural+stands&rft.au=Grulke%2C+N+E%3BPreisler%2C+H+K%3BRose%2C+C%3BKirsch%2C+J%3BBalduman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Grulke&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1469-8137.2002.00403.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gas exchange; Photosynthesis; Assimilation; Carbon cycle; Droughts; Pinus ponderosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00403.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Escherichia coli serogroups and human virulence factors in faeces of urban Canada geese (Branta canadensis) AN - 18924501; 5534999 AB - This was the first study to exhaustively characterize the prevalence of Escherichia coli sero-groups in any wildlife species. Faecal samples from Canada geese (Branta canadensis) were collected over a single year in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The overall prevalence for E. coli ranged from 2% during the coldest time of the year to 94% during the warmest months of the year. During the time of year when nonmigratory geese dominated the local goose population (March-July) the prevalence of enterotoxogenic (ETEC) forms of E. coli was 13.0%. The prevalence of enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) forms was 6.0%, while prevalence for enteroinvasive (EIEC) and enteroagglomerative (EAEC) forms was 4.6 and 1.3%, respectively, during the same period. We also examined all samples positive for E. coli for genes coding for virulence factors, including: SLT-I, SLT-II, eae, hly-A, K1, LT, STa, STb, CNF1, and CNF2. Three isolates were positive for human virulence factors, representing a 2% prevalence for faeces containing potential human toxins. Genes for STa were isolated from ETEC strains O-8 and O-167, while the gene for K1 was isolated from an O-8 (ETEC) serogroup. These data will prove useful in focusing attention on the risks that increasing populations of urban Canada geese pose to public health. JF - International Journal of Environmental Health Research AU - Kullas, H AU - Coles, M AU - Rhyan, J AU - Clark, L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Centre, 4101 La Porte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 153 EP - 162 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0960-3123, 0960-3123 KW - Canada goose KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Human diseases KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Abundance KW - Toxicity KW - Strains KW - Public health KW - Faecal pellets KW - Virulence KW - Serological studies KW - USA, Colorado, Fort Collins KW - Genes KW - Branta canadensis KW - Escherichia coli KW - Aquatic birds KW - Q1 08205:Genetics and evolution KW - Q1 08361:General KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18924501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Health+Research&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Escherichia+coli+serogroups+and+human+virulence+factors+in+faeces+of+urban+Canada+geese+%28Branta+canadensis%29&rft.au=Kullas%2C+H%3BColes%2C+M%3BRhyan%2C+J%3BClark%2C+L&rft.aulast=Kullas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Health+Research&rft.issn=09603123&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09603120220129319 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virulence; Faecal pellets; Human diseases; Serological studies; Genes; Pathogenic bacteria; Abundance; Toxicity; Strains; Aquatic birds; Public health; Branta canadensis; Escherichia coli; USA, Colorado, Fort Collins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603120220129319 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic redistribution of soil water by neotropical savanna trees AN - 18913217; 5427071 AB - The magnitude and direction of water transport by the roots of eight dominant Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) woody species were determined with a heat pulse system that allowed bidirectional measurements of sap flow. The patterns of sap flow observed during the dry season in species with dimorphic root systems were consistent with the occurrence of hydraulic redistribution of soil water, the movement of water from moist to drier regions of the soil profile via plant roots. In these species, shallow roots exhibited positive sap flow (from the soil into the plant) during the day and negative sap flow (from the plant into the soil) during the night. Sap flow in the taproots was positive throughout the 24-h period. Diel fluctuations in soil water potential, with maximum values occurring at night, provided evidence for partial rewetting of upper soil layers by water released from shallow roots. In other species, shallow roots exhibited negative sap flow during both the day and night, indicating that hydraulic redistribution was occurring continuously. A third sap flow pattern was observed at the end of the dry season after a heavy rainfall event when sap flow became negative in the taproot, and positive in the small roots, indicating movement of water from upper soil layers into shallow roots, and then into taproots and deeper soil layers. Experimental manipulations employed to evaluate the response of hydraulic redistribution to changes in plant and environmental conditions included watering the soil surface above shallow roots, decreasing transpiration by covering the plant and cutting roots where probes were inserted. Natural and manipulated patterns of sap flow in roots and stems were consistent with passive movement of water toward competing sinks in the soil and plant. Because dry shallow soil layers were often a stronger sink than the shoot, we suggest that the presence of a dimorphic root system in deciduous species may play a role in facilitating leaf expansion near the end of the dry season when the soil surrounding shallow lateral roots is still dry. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Scholz, F G AU - Bucci, S J AU - Goldstein, G AU - Meinzer, F C AU - Franco, A C AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, fmeinzer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 603 EP - 612 VL - 22 IS - 9 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Transport KW - Soil Water Potential KW - Sinks KW - Soil Properties KW - Soil Water KW - Transpiration KW - Flow Pattern KW - Hydraulic Properties KW - Soil Surfaces KW - Soil Profile KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18913217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+redistribution+of+soil+water+by+neotropical+savanna+trees&rft.au=Scholz%2C+F+G%3BBucci%2C+S+J%3BGoldstein%2C+G%3BMeinzer%2C+F+C%3BFranco%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Scholz&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil Water Potential; Water Transport; Sinks; Soil Water; Soil Properties; Transpiration; Flow Pattern; Soil Profile; Soil Surfaces; Hydraulic Properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Foraging Behavior In Relation To Midstory Vegetation AN - 18625062; 5536573 AB - Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) nest and forage in pine-dominated forests. Research indicates that substantial hardwood midstory encroachment is detrimental to Red-cockaded Woodpecker populations, although the exact mechanisms are unknown. We examined foraging behavior in relation to midstory between August 1989 and February 1990. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers foraged at greater heights in areas of taller and denser midstory in the loblolly-shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda and P. echinata, respectively) habitat, but not in longleaf pine (P. palustris) habitat with less-developed midstory vegetation than typical of loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat. In addition, Red-cockaded Woodpeckers concentrated foraging activities in or adjacent to forest stands or openings with reduced midstory vegetation. Overall, Red-cockaded Woodpeckers foraged disproportionately at heights and sites that minimized their exposure to dense midstory conditions. These results suggest that ecosystem management, preferably using prescribed fire, that reduces midstory vegetation will improve foraging habitat for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Conner, R N AU - Schaefer, R R AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Lab. and the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA, crudolph01@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 235 EP - 242 PB - The Wilson Ornithological Society VL - 114 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18625062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Red-Cockaded+Woodpecker+Foraging+Behavior+In+Relation+To+Midstory+Vegetation&rft.au=Rudolph%2C+D+C%3BConner%2C+R+N%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-5643%282002%29114%280235%3ARCWFBI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-5643(2002)114(0235:RCWFBI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The study of detachment and deposition on a hillslope using a magnetic tracer AN - 18611586; 5492063 AB - Soil erosion by water involves the processes of detachment, transport and deposition of soil materials by the erosive forces of raindrops and surface flow of water. The redistribution of sediment within a field-sized area is important in estimating the effect of erosion and deposition on productivity, in helping the conservation planner to target efforts to reduce erosion, and to evaluate erosion models. The objective of this study was to use a magnetic tracer, with size and density similar to soil aggregates, to study detachment and deposition on a hillslope. Two interconnected plots were established on a hillslope. Two rainfall intensities (35 and 70 mm h super(-1)) combined with two different inflow rates (4 and 10 1 min super(-1)) were applied to the upper of the two plots. No rain or water was applied to the lower plot, which was used to study the deposition of eroded sediments from the upper plot. A 5% concentration of magnetic tracer was placed in the upper plot and mixed to depth of 3 cm. From this initial condition, areas of tracer detachment and deposition were identified using a magnetic sensor. Areas of detachment were associated with a decrease in magnetic signal, while areas of deposition were associated with an increase in the magnetic signal. In the lower plot, deposition of tracer correlated well with the magnetic susceptibility readings. Results indicated that the tracer was effective for identifying areas of net detachment and deposition, however, the tracer to soil ratio did not remain constant for all treatments. For this reason, a wider range of sizes and densities of the tracer should be tested if the method is to be useful to quantify erosion rates. JF - Catena AU - Ventura, E AU - Nearing, MA AU - Amore, E AU - Norton, L D AD - USDA-ARS-National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 1196 Soil Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 149 EP - 161 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Tracers KW - Erosion KW - Slopes KW - Rainfall Intensity KW - Sediments KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18611586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=The+study+of+detachment+and+deposition+on+a+hillslope+using+a+magnetic+tracer&rft.au=Ventura%2C+E%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BAmore%2C+E%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Ventura&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0341-8162%2802%2900003-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment Transport; Tracers; Erosion; Slopes; Rainfall Intensity; Sediments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00003-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated on Cantaloupe Surfaces and Efficacy of Washing Treatments To Reduce Transfer from Rind to Fresh-Cut Pieces AN - 18606736; 5509866 AB - Attachment and survival of Listeria monocytogenes on external surfaces (rind) of inoculated cantaloupe, resistance of the surviving bacteria to chlorine or hydrogen peroxide treatments, transfer of the pathogen from unsanitized and sanitized rinds to fresh-cut tissues during cutting and growth, and survival of L. monocytogenes on fresh-cut pieces of cantaloupe were investigated. Surface treatment with 70% ethanol to reduce the native microflora on treated melon, followed by immersion in a four-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (10 super(8) CFU/ml) for 10 min, deposited 4.2 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2) and 3.5 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2) of L. monocytogenes on treated and untreated cantaloupe rinds, respectively. L. monocytogenes survived on the treated or untreated cantaloupe rinds for up to 15 days during storage at 4 and 20 degree C, but populations declined by approximately 1 to 2 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2). Fresh-cut pieces prepared from inoculated whole cantaloupes stored at 4 degree C for 24 h after inoculation were positive for L. monocytogenes. Washing inoculated whole cantaloupes in solutions containing 1,000 ppm of chlorine or 5% hydrogen peroxide for 2 min at 1 to 15 days of storage at 4 degree C after inoculation resulted in a 2.0- to 3.5-log reduction in L. monocytogenes on the melon surface. Fresh-cut pieces prepared from the sanitized melons were negative for L. monocytogenes. After direct inoculation onto fresh-cut pieces, L. monocytogenes survived, but did not grow, during 15 days of storage at 4 degree C. Growth was evident by 4 h of storage at 8 and 20 degree C. It is concluded that sanitizing with chlorine or hydrogen peroxide has the potential to reduce or eliminate the transfer of L. monocytogenes on melon surfaces to fresh-cut pieces during cutting. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Ukuku, DO AU - Fett, W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 924 EP - 930 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - ethanol KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18606736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Behavior+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+Inoculated+on+Cantaloupe+Surfaces+and+Efficacy+of+Washing+Treatments+To+Reduce+Transfer+from+Rind+to+Fresh-Cut+Pieces&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+DO%3BFett%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=924&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production, purification and properties of xylanase from a newly isolated Fusarium proliferatum AN - 18602145; 5459258 AB - Fusarium proliferatum (NRRL 26517), was isolated by screening soil samples surrounding decaying corn and wood using corn fibre xylan as carbon source. The extracellular xylanase from this fungal strain was purified 975-fold to homogeneity from the culture supernatant by ammonium sulphate treatment, DEAE Bio-Gel A column chromatography, octyl-Sepharose column chromatography and Bio-gel A-0.5 m gel filtration. The purified xylanase (specific activity 591 U mg super(-1) protein) was a monomeric glycoprotein with a molecular weight (MW) of 22 400 as determined by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for the action of the enzyme were at 5.0-5.5 and 55 degree C, respectively. The purified xylanase was fully stable at pH 5.0-7.5 and temperature up to 55 degree C. It hydrolyzed a variety of xylan substrates mainly to xylobiose and higher short-chain xylooligosaccharides. No xylose was formed. The enzyme did not require metal ions for activity and stability. JF - Process Biochemistry AU - Saha, B C AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 1279 EP - 1284 VL - 37 IS - 11 SN - 0032-9592, 0032-9592 KW - ammonium sulfate KW - characterization KW - production KW - purification KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18602145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Process+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Production%2C+purification+and+properties+of+xylanase+from+a+newly+isolated+Fusarium+proliferatum&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Process+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00329592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and abundance of the Rio Grande sucker in the Carson and Santa Fe National Forests, New Mexico AN - 18468880; 5435263 AB - Rio Grande sucker (Catostomus plebeius) was once common in the Rio Grande basin; however, its current status in New Mexico is unknown. We surveyed 20 streams for Rio Grande sucker in the Carson and Santa Fe National Forests in northern New Mexico. Rio Grande sucker were found in 3 streams on the Carson National Forest. In 2 of these streams Rio Grande sucker co-occurred with white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). On the Santa Fe National Forest, Rio Grande sucker occupied 11 streams in the Jemez River drainage and 2 streams in the Chama River drainage. Rio Grande sucker co-occurred with white sucker in 1 of the 2 streams draining into the Chama River drainage. The abundance of Rio Grande sucker was inversely proportional to stream gradient. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Calamusso, B AU - Rinne, J N AU - Turner, PR AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, The Southwest Forest Science Complex, Flagstaff, AZ 86701, USA, RCalamus@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 182 EP - 186 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Rio grande sucker KW - White sucker KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Q1 01604:Stock assessment and management KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18468880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+abundance+of+the+Rio+Grande+sucker+in+the+Carson+and+Santa+Fe+National+Forests%2C+New+Mexico&rft.au=Calamusso%2C+B%3BRinne%2C+J+N%3BTurner%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Calamusso&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An NADH:Quinone Oxidoreductase Active during Biodegradation by the Brown-Rot Basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum AN - 18456064; 5430286 AB - The brown-rot basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum uses a quinone redox cycle to generate extracellular Fenton reagent, a key component of the biodegradative system expressed by this highly destructive wood decay fungus. The hitherto uncharacterized quinone reductase that drives this cycle is a potential target for inhibitors of wood decay. We have identified the major quinone reductase expressed by G. trabeum under conditions that elicit high levels of quinone redox cycling. The enzyme comprises two identical 22-kDa subunits, each with one molecule of flavin mononucleotide. It is specific for NADH as the reductant and uses the quinones produced by G. trabeum (2,5- dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and 4,5-dimethoxy-1,2-benzoquinone) as electron acceptors. The affinity of the reductase for these quinones is so high that precise kinetic parameters were not obtainable, but it is clear that k sub(cat)/K sub(m) for the quinones is greater than 10 M super(-1) s super(-1). The reductase is encoded by a gene with substantial similarity to NAD(P)H:quinone reductase genes from other fungi. The G. trabeum quinone reductase may function in quinone detoxification, a role often proposed for these enzymes, but we hypothesize that the fungus has recruited it to drive extracellular oxyradical production. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jensen Jr, KA AU - Ryan, Z C AU - Wymelenberg, A V AU - Cullen, D AU - Hammel, KE AD - Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, USDA Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705., kehammel@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 2699 EP - 2703 VL - 68 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - NADH KW - oxidoreductase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18456064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=An+NADH%3AQuinone+Oxidoreductase+Active+during+Biodegradation+by+the+Brown-Rot+Basidiomycete+Gloeophyllum+trabeum&rft.au=Jensen+Jr%2C+KA%3BRyan%2C+Z+C%3BWymelenberg%2C+A+V%3BCullen%2C+D%3BHammel%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Jensen+Jr&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.6.2699-2703.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.6.2699-2703.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sedimentation disrupts natural regeneration of Zannichellia palustris in Fall River, California AN - 18442567; 5420521 AB - Aquatic plants growing in flowing waters frequently inhabit dynamic substrates, subject to erosion or sediment deposition. Rooted macrophytes have disappeared from the upper portions of Fall River, CA where from 0.6 to 1.2 m of sandy sediments have accumulated. We assessed the abundance of Zannichellia palustris L. seeds in the seed bank, and performed experiments to determine the effect of sediment accumulation on germination and emergence of Z. palustris seedlings. In 1996 and 1997, sediment cores were collected from the upper 15 km of Fall River. Cores were placed in a greenhouse and germination monitored for the next 30-40 days. Viable germinating Z. palustris seeds were present in 67% of the cores collected in 1996. Z. palustris seed density was 1219 seeds m super(-2) on average and ranged from 0 to 5920 seeds m super(-2). Seed abundance did not differ between the upper (11 cm) of cores collected in 1996 or 1997. We conducted four experiments in which Z. palustris seeds and natural sediments containing Z. palustris seeds were buried at various depths under sand. Burial by more than 2 cm of sand inhibited germination and emergence. The implication is that significant sediment accumulation may disrupt natural annual regeneration of Z. palustris from seeds, although a viable seed bank is maintained for several years. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS, Exotic & Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Robbins Hall, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, dfspencer@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 137 EP - 147 VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - USA, California, Fall R. KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18442567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Sedimentation+disrupts+natural+regeneration+of+Zannichellia+palustris+in+Fall+River%2C+California&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence and Reversibility of the Elevation in Free Sphingoid Bases Induced by Fumonisin Inhibition of Ceramide Synthase AN - 18440857; 5419959 AB - These studies determined (1) the time course for sphingoid base elevation in the small intestines, liver, and kidney of mice following a single 25 mg/kg body weight (bw) oral dose (high dose) of fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)), (2) the minimum threshold dose of FB sub(1) that would prolong the elevated sphingoid base concentration in kidney following the single high dose, and (3) the importance of the balance between the rate of sphingoid base biosynthesis and degradation in the persistence of sphingoid base accumulation. Following the high dose of FB sub(1), there was an increase in sphinganine in intestinal cells and liver that peaked at 4 to 12 h and declined to near the control level by 48 h. In kidney, sphinganine peaked at 6-12 h but remained elevated until 72 h, approaching control levels at 96-120 h. Oral administration of 0.03 mg FB sub(1)/kg bw (low dose) for 5 days had no effect on the sphingoid bases in kidney. However, following an initial high dose, daily administration of the low dose prolonged the elevation in kidney sphinganine compared to mice receiving a single high dose. Thus, a single exposure to a high dose of FB sub(1) followed by daily exposure at low levels will prolong the elevation of sphinganine in kidney. In cultured renal cells FB sub(1) was rapidly eliminated, but elevated sphinganine was persistent. This persistence in renal cells was rapidly reversed in the presence of the serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor (ISP-1), indicating that the persistence was due to differences in the rates of sphinganine biosynthesis and degradation. The in vivo persistence in kidney may be due to similar differences. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - Enongene, EN AU - Sharma, R P AU - Bhandari, N AU - Miller, J D AU - Meredith, F I AU - Voss, KA AU - Riley, R T AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R. B. Russell Research Center, USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 173 EP - 181 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - ceramide synthase KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18440857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Persistence+and+Reversibility+of+the+Elevation+in+Free+Sphingoid+Bases+Induced+by+Fumonisin+Inhibition+of+Ceramide+Synthase&rft.au=Enongene%2C+EN%3BSharma%2C+R+P%3BBhandari%2C+N%3BMiller%2C+J+D%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BVoss%2C+KA%3BRiley%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Enongene&rft.aufirst=EN&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Use of Soil Solarization for the Management of Soilborne Plant Pathogens in Strawberry and Red Raspberry Production AN - 18427720; 5409811 AB - Root rot caused by Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae and P. fragariae var. rubi are major concerns in strawberry and raspberry production in the Pacific Northwest. Of lesser importance is black root rot of strawberry, caused by a complex of fungi and nematodes. Soil solarization was evaluated in 1997 in a strawberry planting and in 1998 in a raspberry planting for: (i) enhancing plant health and growth, and (ii) reducing population densities of root-destroying pathogens. Plots were solarized from mid-July to mid-September. Maximum and mean soil temperatures in solarized plots recorded at 10 cm depth were 48 and 33 degree C in the strawberry plots and 46 and 29 degree C in the raspberry plots. These temperatures were 7 to 17 degree C higher than temperatures recorded in nonsolarized plots. Soil collected after solarization was assayed by growing bait plants, cv. Totem strawberry or cv. Qualicum raspberry, at 15 degree C for 6 weeks in saturated soil to promote infections. Root health and plant growth were evaluated after 6 weeks. Solarization significantly reduced (P < 0.05) root necrosis and increased root weight of bait plants compared to plants grown in soil from nonsolarized plots. Infection of strawberry roots by P. fragariae, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Cylindrocarpon spp. was reduced (P < 0.05) by solarization in sampled soil. Disease was reduced in cv. Hood strawberries and Qualicum and Skeena red raspberries planted in solarized field plots. In the second growing season, total number and number of healthy primocanes of Qualicum plants were greater (P < 0.05) in solarized plots compared to nonsolarized plots. Solarization combined with applications of mefenoxam was no more effective in controlling diseases than solarization alone, but better than mefenoxam alone. Skeena plants responded similarly, but the differences were not significant. Red raspberry plants growing in solarized soil yielded more fruit than plants growing in nonsolarized soil in the third year after solarization. Solarization has potential as a component in an integrated pest management program of root diseases in raspberry and strawberry production, particularly within the first 2 years following planting. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pinkerton, J N AU - Ivors, K L AU - Reeser, P W AU - Bristow, PR AU - Windom, GE AD - USDA-ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA, pinkertj@bcc.orst.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 645 EP - 651 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - raspberries KW - solarization KW - strawberries KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18427720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=The+Use+of+Soil+Solarization+for+the+Management+of+Soilborne+Plant+Pathogens+in+Strawberry+and+Red+Raspberry+Production&rft.au=Pinkerton%2C+J+N%3BIvors%2C+K+L%3BReeser%2C+P+W%3BBristow%2C+PR%3BWindom%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Pinkerton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Control Agents for Fire Blight of Apple Compared Under Conditions Limiting Natural Dispersal AN - 18425796; 5409810 AB - The efficacy of Pantoea agglomerans strain E325 for control of fire blight of apple was determined in comparative field trials involving other bacterial antagonists. Concurrently, the importance of the natural dispersal of bacteria as a complicating factor was assessed. Tests were performed under two sets of conditions, those that allowed for the dispersal of bacteria via honeybee activity and those that minimized it through the use of translucent polyethylene enclosures around single trees. The enclosures also raised daytime temperatures and allowed for controlled wetting, two factors important to the development of blossom blight. Single-antagonist treatments with strain E325, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506, and P. agglomerans strain C9-1 were applied to open blossoms on each of 10 enclosed trees and 10 nonenclosed trees. During bloom, suspensions of antagonists (10 super(8) CFU/ml) were applied twice with a brush, and a suspension of Erwinia amylovora (10 super(7) CFU/ml) was subsequently applied once using the same method. Two days after inoculation with the pathogen, trees were misted to simulate precipitation. Flower-to-flower spread of antagonistic bacteria was less frequent on trees surrounded by plastic enclosures than on nonenclosed trees. The range and statistical separation of means for population size of E. amylovora and disease incidence among treatments were greater for enclosed trees than for nonenclosed trees. Based on these results, the natural spread of antagonists being compared may mask differences in their efficacy as biocontrol agents. Such distortions and resulting misinterpretations could be lessened by separating treatments widely in large orchard blocks and by monitoring microbial populations. Strain E325 from fresh or lyophilized cultures was consistently more effective than standard antagonists in suppressing E. amylovora and reducing disease incidence. To fully assess its potential use for fire blight, larger-scale trials under various conditions will be necessary. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pusey, P L AD - USDA-ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, pusey@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 639 EP - 644 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18425796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Biological+Control+Agents+for+Fire+Blight+of+Apple+Compared+Under+Conditions+Limiting+Natural+Dispersal&rft.au=Pusey%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Pusey&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Weed Hosts and Tobacco Thrips, Frankliniella fusca, in the Epidemiology of Tomato spotted wilt virus AN - 18425744; 5409798 AB - Wild plant species were systematically sampled to characterize reproduction of thrips, the vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and natural sources TSWV infection. Thrips populations were monitored on 28 common perennial, biennial, and annual plant species over two noncrop seasons at six field locations across North Carolina. Sonchus asper, Stellaria media, and Taraxacum officianale consistently supported the largest populations of immature TSWV vector species. The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, was the most abundant TSWV vector species collected, comprising over 95% of vector species in each survey season. Perennial plant species (i.e., Plantago rugelii and Taraxacum officianale) were often only locally abundant, and many annual species (Cerastium vulgatum, Sonchus asper, and Stellaria media) were more widely distributed. Perennial species, including P. rugelii and Rumex crispus, remained TSWV infected for 2 years in a small-plot field test. Where these perennial species are locally abundant, they may serve as important and long-lasting TSWV inoculum sources. In random surveys across 12 locations in North Carolina, TSWV infection was documented by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 of 72 (49%) common perennial (N = 10), biennial (N = 4), and annual (N = 21) plant species across 18 plant families. Estimated rates of TSWV infection were highest in Cerastium vulgatum (4.2%), Lactuca scariola (1.3%), Molluga verticillata (4.3%), Plantago rugelii (3.4%), Ranunculus sardous (3.6%), Sonchus asper (5.1%), Stellaria media (1.4%), and Taraxacum officianale (5.8%). Nine plant species were determined to be new host recordings for TSWV infection, including Cardamine hirsuta, Eupatorium capillifolium, Geranium carolinianum, Gnaphalium purpureum, Linaria canadense, Molluga verticillata, Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Raphanus raphanistrum, and Triodanis perfoliata. Our findings document the relative potential of a number of common annual, biennial, and perennial plant species to act as important reproductive sites for F. fusca and as acquisition sources of TSWV for spread to susceptible crops. JF - Plant Disease AU - Groves, R L AU - Walgenbach, J F AU - Moyer, J W AU - Kennedy, G G AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Protection Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, Russell.Groves@maine.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 573 EP - 582 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Common thrips KW - Thysanoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01028:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18425744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Weed+Hosts+and+Tobacco+Thrips%2C+Frankliniella+fusca%2C+in+the+Epidemiology+of+Tomato+spotted+wilt+virus&rft.au=Groves%2C+R+L%3BWalgenbach%2C+J+F%3BMoyer%2C+J+W%3BKennedy%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae) on Polygyne Colonies of Red Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) AN - 18413944; 5400531 AB - Three studies were conducted to assess the effects of the entomopathogen Thelohania solenopsae on polygynous, red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, colonies. A total of 57 of 122 queens (46.7%) from nine, field-collected, polygyne, S. invicta colonies, was infected with T. solenopsae. Infection rate of queens for each colony ranged from 25 to 75%. Laboratory colonies of polygyne S. invicta , with three to 12 queens, were inoculated and infected with T. solenopsae. Brood levels in all infected colonies declined to 0 after 26-52 wk. Brood did not reappear in any of the colonies after 3-11 wk, even though in two of the eight infected colonies, five fertile queens that were uninfected were recovered. Thus, polygyne, S. invicta colonies infected with T. solenopsae , which were confined and isolated under laboratory conditions, did not recover. Field plots that contained polygynous S. invicta colonies, which were infected with T. solenopsae , were monitored over a 2-yr period. Infection rates increased during the study and reached a maximum of 93%. Fire ant nest density and colony sizes fluctuated over time, with maximum reduction of 63% per plot. In general, fire ant reductions were attributed to smaller colony sizes. T. solenopsae infections in polygynous S. invicta can result in a slow colony decline and death. Under field conditions, the prolonged colony death may mask the impact of T. solenopsae by allowing for concurrent reinfestations. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Oi, D H AU - Williams, D F Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 558 EP - 562 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ants KW - Hymenoptera KW - Red imported fire ant KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18413944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Thelohania+solenopsae+%28Microsporidia%3A+Thelohaniidae%29+on+Polygyne+Colonies+of+Red+Imported+Fire+Ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29&rft.au=Oi%2C+D+H%3BWilliams%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Oi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282002%29095%280558%3AIOTSMT%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=95&page=558 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2002)095(0558:IOTSMT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Temperature on the Life Cycle of Lydella jalisco (Diptera: Tachinidae), a Parasitoid of Eoreuma loftini (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 18412461; 5400860 AB - The effect of temperature on development, survival, and adult longevity of Lydella jalisco Woodley (Diptera: Tachinidae), a parasitoid of the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was studied under laboratory conditions. Development times of L. jalisco larvae and pupae decreased with temperatures in the range 15-35 'C. However, survival was greater at cooler temperatures similar to those encountered in the parasitoid's native habitat; percentage of adult emergence was 62.5% at 20 'C compared with 9.5% at 35 'C. The lower temperature threshold for development of larvae was 14.5 'C, whereas for pupae it was 13.8 'C. Adult lifespan was also affected by high temperatures. Adult parasitoids lived 20 to 25 d at temperatures in the range 15-25 'C, whereas they lived 4 to 6 d at 35-40 'C. For <10 consecutive hours, temperatures exceeding 30 'C prevail in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas during the months of May through September when populations of E. loftini reach an economic threshold. Therefore, the potential efficacy of L. jalisco as a biological control agent of E. loftini in south Texas should be examined closely because mated females of L. jalisco require 7-14 d for maximum egg fertilization and embryonic development. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Lauziere, I AU - Setamou, M AU - Legaspi, J AU - Jones, W AD - USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Plant Protection Laboratory, Moore Air Base, Bldg. S-6017, Route 3, Box 1008, Edinburg, TX, 78539 (Isabelle, Lauziere@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 432 EP - 437 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Pyralid moths KW - Tachinid flies KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18412461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Temperature+on+the+Life+Cycle+of+Lydella+jalisco+%28Diptera%3A+Tachinidae%29%2C+a+Parasitoid+of+Eoreuma+loftini+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Lauziere%2C+I%3BSetamou%2C+M%3BLegaspi%2C+J%3BJones%2C+W&rft.aulast=Lauziere&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282002%29031%280432%3AEOTOTL%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031(0432:EOTOTL)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Interact with Intraepithelial Mononuclear Cells AN - 18309450; 5370723 AB - Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are found in multiple species and play an important role in the development of mucosal immunity. The mechanism by which the bacteria interact with the immune system has not been well defined. We provide morphologic evidence of direct interaction between SFB and intraepithelial mononuclear cells. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Meyerholz, D K AU - Stabel, T J AU - Cheville, N F AD - NADC, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010., tstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 3277 EP - 3280 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Filamentous bacteria KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Mucosa KW - Immune response KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18309450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Segmented+Filamentous+Bacteria+Interact+with+Intraepithelial+Mononuclear+Cells&rft.au=Meyerholz%2C+D+K%3BStabel%2C+T+J%3BCheville%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Meyerholz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.6.3277-3280.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filamentous bacteria; Immune response; Host-pathogen interactions; Mucosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.6.3277-3280.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid Intercalibration Effort Using Replicate Samples AN - 17922536; 5866603 AB - The measurement of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) has several inherent problems, including the lack of commercial standards for identification and quantification. This symposium provided the opportunity to coordinate analyses with six laboratories actively involved in MAA research. Two samples were provided to each laboratory and included freeze-dried nori (Porphyra sp.) and a freeze-dried (filtered) sample of the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetzing. Each laboratory provided extraction methodologies, chromatograms of the identified peaks, as well as estimates of the concentration of each analyte. All laboratories were able to identify major chromatographic components of the samples (Porphyra: shinorine, porphyra, mycosporine 2-glycine, asterina, palythine; Microcystis: shinorine, porphyra). Sequential cold (4 degree C for 18 h) and hot (45 degree C for 2 h) extractions of the same sample resulted in differing analyte recovery. Several currently unidentified compounds were observed in freshwater samples. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Zimba, P V AU - Boue, S AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 41 VL - 38 IS - S1 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - Mycosporine-like amino acid KW - Mycosporine-like amino acids KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Amino acids KW - Brackish KW - Calibration KW - Separation processes KW - Microcystis aeruginosa KW - Freshwater KW - Defence mechanisms KW - Standardization KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Analytical techniques KW - Porphyra KW - Defense mechanisms KW - Chemical extraction KW - Cyanophyta KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q4 27420:Other KW - K 03024:Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17922536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Mycosporine-Like+Amino+Acid+Intercalibration+Effort+Using+Replicate+Samples&rft.au=Zimba%2C+P+V%3BBoue%2C+S&rft.aulast=Zimba&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1529-8817.38.s1.11.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Standardization; Amino acids; Analytical techniques; Ultraviolet radiation; Calibration; Separation processes; Defence mechanisms; Chemical extraction; Defense mechanisms; Porphyra; Microcystis aeruginosa; Cyanophyta; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.38.s1.11.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycosporines: Detection Methodologies and Assessment AN - 17920692; 5866595 AB - Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are found in a variety of prokaryotic and eucaryotic algae, as well as higher plants, fungi, and animals. These compounds function as a photoprotective sunscreen to prevent ultra-violet light damage. MAAs may thus be one of the competitive advantages that facilitated development of ozone (by oxytrophs), and thereby may be a competitive advantage for the proliferation of cyanobacteria and other harmful algal species. Numerous difficulties exist with assessment of MAAs, including identification of the compounds, conversion of isomers during HPLC preparation as a result of pH shifts, as well as the ecological implications of the presence, concentration, and forms of these compounds. This symposium will provide opportunities for intercalibration of laboratories involved in MAA analyses, suggestions regarding standardization of extraction protocols, as well as results from field- and laboratory-based studies. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Zimba, P V AU - Wulff, A AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 41 VL - 38 IS - S1 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - Mycosporine-like amino acids KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Amino acids KW - Extraction KW - Man-induced effects KW - Defence mechanisms KW - Concentration KW - Light effects KW - Standardization KW - U.V. radiation KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Detection KW - Analytical techniques KW - Chemical extraction KW - Cyanophyta KW - pH effects KW - Chemical analysis KW - Ozone KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - Q4 27420:Other KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - K 03024:Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17920692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Mycosporines%3A+Detection+Methodologies+and+Assessment&rft.au=Zimba%2C+P+V%3BWulff%2C+A&rft.aulast=Zimba&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1529-8817.38.s1.10.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Standardization; Amino acids; Analytical techniques; Detection; Ultraviolet radiation; Man-induced effects; Chemical extraction; Defence mechanisms; Chemical analysis; pH effects; Ozone; U.V. radiation; Extraction; Concentration; Light effects; Cyanophyta DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.38.s1.10.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphatase Expression by Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae) is Mediated by Internal Phosphorus Levels and External pH AN - 17918298; 5866522 AB - Phosphorus has been implicated as one of the causative agents of the eutrophication of lacustrine, estuarine and coastal waters. One of the major inputs of phosphorus into these waters comes from agricultural nonpoint sources in the form of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). In order to better understand how DOP may directly impact the microalgal community structure, it is necessary to understand the physiology of DOP uptake and utilization. To this end, cultures of Chlorella vulgaris were grown in custom photobioreactors in acid (pH 5.5) and alkaline (pH 7.5) media under phosphate replete and starved conditions in order to determine the types and triggers of phosphatase expression by this organism. Analysis of differential phosphatase expression during phosphate stress indicates that cultures of C. vulgaris grown under alkaline conditions derepressibly express two alkaline phosphatases, while cultures grown under acid conditions weakly express only one alkaline phosphatase. Analysis of internal and external phosphorus levels, whole-cell phosphatase activity and in-gel activity of protein extracts indicate that alkaline phosphatase expression is further mediated by internal, as opposed to external, phosphorus levels. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Evens, T J AU - Koenig, R AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 7 EP - 8 VL - 38 IS - S1 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - phosphatase KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Bioremediation KW - Chlorophyta KW - Eutrophication KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Phosphorus KW - Enzymes KW - Freshwater KW - Coastal waters KW - Environmental factors KW - Chlorella vulgaris KW - Community structure KW - Bioreactors KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Uptake KW - Expression KW - Enzymatic activity KW - pH effects KW - Dissolved organic phosphorus KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - K 03019:Algae KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17918298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Phosphatase+Expression+by+Chlorella+vulgaris+%28Chlorophyceae%29+is+Mediated+by+Internal+Phosphorus+Levels+and+External+pH&rft.au=Evens%2C+T+J%3BKoenig%2C+R&rft.aulast=Evens&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1529-8817.38.s1.20.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioremediation; Water pollution treatment; Agricultural pollution; Phosphorus; Enzymes; Uptake; Enzymatic activity; pH effects; Environmental factors; Dissolved organic phosphorus; Eutrophication; Community structure; Bioreactors; Expression; Coastal waters; Chlorophyta; Chlorella vulgaris; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.38.s1.20.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methane emissions from swine lagoons in Southeastern US AN - 16153129; 5449259 AB - Concentrated animal production can have a significant effect on the atomospheric environment. Methane (CH sub(4)) emissions from two swine waste holding lagoons were determined periodically in 1997 and 1998. Emission rates from the lagoons were measured under ambient conditions with little disturbance to the natural environment. One farm (NC10) used a periodic 'flush' to remove wastes (8 h cycle). The second farm (NC20) used a 'pull-plug' system with a 1 week cycle time. In general, flux rates followed a diurnal pattern with greater fluxes during the day when both temperature and windspeed were greatest. Methane emissions from the lagoons were related to windspeed, effluent temperature and volatile solid loading into the system. Average emissions from NC10 ranged from 20 to 115 kg CH sub(4) ha super(-1) per day. Greatest emissions were during the spring period when the sludge depth was deepest. Emissions from NC20 were much less (5.3-10.7 kg CH sub(4) ha super(-1) per day) due primarily to fewer number of animals and type of manure handling system. Emissions followed a diurnal pattern with greatest emissions during the day when effluent temperature was greatest. The average flux for the year from the two lagoons were 62 and 8 kg CH sub(4) ha super(-1) per day which corresponded to 6.0 and 1.6 kg CH sub(4) per animal per year, respectively. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Sharpe, R R AU - Harper, LA AU - Byers, F M AD - J. Phil Cambell Sr. Natural Resource Conservation Center, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA, rsharpe@arches.uga.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 17 EP - 24 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Diurnal variations KW - Methane KW - Animal wastes KW - Manure KW - Farms KW - Sludges KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Temperature KW - Wastes KW - Methane emission from animals KW - USA, Southeast KW - Effluents KW - Lagoons KW - Livestock KW - Air pollution KW - Methane trends KW - Volatiles KW - Emission measurements KW - Methane fluctuations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16153129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Methane+emissions+from+swine+lagoons+in+Southeastern+US&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+R+R%3BHarper%2C+LA%3BByers%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Methane; Farms; Volatiles; Sludges; Wastes; Effluents; Lagoons; Methane trends; Methane emission from animals; Methane fluctuations; Air pollution; Diurnal variations; Manure; Animal wastes; Pollution dispersion; Emission measurements; Temperature; Livestock; USA, Southeast ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Prescribed Fire on Shinnery Oak ( Quercus havardii) Plant Communities in Western Oklahoma AN - 16149453; 5399854 AB - Changes in structural and compositional attributes of shinnery oak (Quercus havardii Rydb.) plant communities have occurred in the twentieth century. These changes may in part relate to altered fire regimes. Our objective was to document effects of prescribed fire in fall (October), winter (February), and spring (April) on plant composition. Three study sites were located in western Oklahoma; each contained 12, 60 x 30-m plots that were designated, within site, to be seasonally burned, annually burned, or left unburned. Growing season canopy cover for herbaceous and woody species was estimated in 1997-1998 (post-treatment). At one year post-fire, burning in any season reduced shrub cover, and spring burns reduced cover most. Winter and annual fires increased cover of rhizomatous tallgrasses, whereas burning in any season decreased little bluestem cover. Perennial forbs increased with fall and winter fire. Shrub stem density increased with fire in any season. Communities returned rapidly to pre-burn composition with increasing time since fire. Fire effects on herbaceous vegetation appear to be manifested through increases in bare ground and reduction of overstory shrub dominance. Prescribed fire can be used as a tool in restoration efforts to increase or maintain within and between community plant diversity. Our data suggest that some plant species may require or benefit from fire in specific seasons. Additional research is needed to determine the long-term effects of repeated fire over time. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Boyd, C S AU - Bidwell, T G AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, HC 71, 4.51 Hwy. 205, Burns, OR 97720, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 324 EP - 333 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Quercus havardii KW - Fires KW - Vegetation changes KW - Plant communities KW - Environmental restoration KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16149453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Prescribed+Fire+on+Shinnery+Oak+%28+Quercus+havardii%29+Plant+Communities+in+Western+Oklahoma&rft.au=Boyd%2C+C+S%3BBidwell%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1526-100X.2002.01021.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Vegetation changes; Plant communities; Environmental restoration; Quercus havardii; USA, Oklahoma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01021.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoring fire as an ecological process in shortgrass prairie ecosystems: initial effects of prescribed burning during the dormant and growing seasons AN - 16148896; 5407870 AB - Prior to Anglo-European settlement, fire was a major ecological process influencing the structure, composition and productivity of shortgrass prairie ecosystems on the Great Plains. However during the past 125 years, the frequency and extent of grassland fire has dramatically declined as a result of the systematic heavy grazing by large herds of domestic cattle and sheep which reduced the available levels of fine fuel and organized fire suppression efforts that succeeded in altering the natural fire regime. The greatly diminished role of recurrent fire in these ecosystems is thought to be responsible for ecologically adverse shifts in the composition, structure and diversity of these grasslands, leading specifically to the rise of ruderal species and invasion by less fire-tolerant species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecological effects of fire season and frequency on the shortgrass prairie and to determine the means by which prescribed fire can best be restored in this ecosystem to provide the greatest benefit for numerous resource values. Plant cover, diversity, biomass and nutrient status, litter cover and soil chemistry were measured prior to and following fire treatments on a buffalograss-blue grama shortgrass prairie in northeastern New Mexico. Dormant-season fire was followed by increases in grass cover, forb cover, species richness and concentrations of foliar P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn. Growing-season fire produced declines in the cover of buffalograss, graminoids and forbs and increases in litter cover and levels of foliar P, K, Ca and Mn. Although no changes in soil chemistry were observed, both fire treatments caused decreases in herbaceous production, with standing biomass resulting from growing-season fire similar to [puncsp]600 kg/ha and dormant-season fire similar to 1200 kg/ha, compared with controls similar to 1800 kg/ha. The initial findings of this long-term experiment suggest that dormant-season burning may be the preferable method for restoring fire in shortgrass prairie ecosystems where fire has been excluded for a prolonged time period. Copyright Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Brockway, D AU - Gatewood, R AU - Paris, R AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 520 Devall Drive, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA, dbrockway@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 135 EP - 152 PB - Academic Press VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Prairies KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Environmental restoration KW - Burning KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16148896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Restoring+fire+as+an+ecological+process+in+shortgrass+prairie+ecosystems%3A+initial+effects+of+prescribed+burning+during+the+dormant+and+growing+seasons&rft.au=Brockway%2C+D%3BGatewood%2C+R%3BParis%2C+R&rft.aulast=Brockway&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjema.2002.0540 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prairies; Fires; Environmental restoration; Burning; USA, New Mexico DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.2002.0540 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term changes in chemical features of waters of seven Ethiopian rift-valley lakes AN - 16143619; 5536079 AB - Chemical and chlorophyll a concentrations of seven Ethiopian rift-valley lakes were studied during 1990-2000. Results were compared with studies made between 1960 and 1990 in an attempt to detect long-term changes. Three different trends are apparent in the salinities (and the correlates conductivity, alkalinity, sodium concentration) of these lakes over the last 40 years: three lakes (lakes Zwai, Shalla and Abaya) have maintained their salinity levels from the 1960s, two lakes (lakes Langano and Awassa) have become more dilute, and the salinity levels of Lake Chamo and the soda lake Abijata have increased. Concentrations of silicate decreased in almost all the lakes whereas soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) increased in most lakes. Chlorophyll a concentrations were higher in the recent samples from all lakes except two, which in conjunction with results from SRP and silicate analyses suggest eutrophication in four out of the seven lakes studied. The study relates salinization in lakes with closed drainage to increased human activities in their catchments, intensified by changes in climate during the last three decades in sub-Saharan Africa. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Zinabu, G M AU - Kebede-Westhead, E AU - Desta, Z AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A., westheae@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 81 EP - 91 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 477 IS - 1 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Ethiopia, Abaya L. KW - Ethiopia, Abijata L. KW - Ethiopia, Awassa L. KW - Ethiopia, Chamo L. KW - Ethiopia, Langano L. KW - Ethiopia, Shalla L. KW - Ethiopia, Zwai L. KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Chlorophylls KW - Chlorophyll KW - Eutrophication KW - Climatic changes KW - Phosphorus KW - Phytoplankton KW - Man-induced effects KW - Freshwater KW - Chemical Properties KW - Water quality KW - Silicates KW - Time dependent KW - Salinity KW - Lakes KW - Chlorophyll A KW - Rift valleys KW - Algae KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Data Collections KW - Water Quality KW - Salinization KW - Data collections KW - Sodium KW - Pigment (Photosynthetic) KW - Long-term changes KW - Chemical properties KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16143619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Long-term+changes+in+chemical+features+of+waters+of+seven+Ethiopian+rift-valley+lakes&rft.au=Zinabu%2C+G+M%3BKebede-Westhead%2C+E%3BDesta%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Zinabu&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=477&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorophylls; Eutrophication; Climatic changes; Phosphorus; Man-induced effects; Phytoplankton; Data collections; Water quality; Silicates; Sodium; Lakes; Salinity; Long-term changes; Chemical properties; Rift valleys; Chlorophyll; Time dependent; Pigment (Photosynthetic); Water Quality; Data Collections; Chlorophyll A; Salinization; Chemical Properties; Temporal Distribution; Algae; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing three geophysical tools for locating sand blows in alluvial soils of southeast Missouri AN - 16136167; 5429299 AB - The level, moderately fine and fine-textured, poorly and very poorly drained alluvial soils of the southern Mississippi River Valley are well suited to rice production. However, in many areas, small inclusions of more rapidly permeable, coarse-textured soils occur as sand blows. Because of their more rapid permeability, these included soils are considered marginal for rice production. In this study, an EM38 meter, a GEM300 sensor, and a Veris 3100 soil EC mapping system were compared and used to assess clay content and to locate sand blows in southeastern Missouri. All three tools produced similar gross spatial patterns of apparent conductivity that corresponded to mapped soil delineations and changes in clay content. However, spatial patterns of apparent conductivity are more intricate than major soil patterns and indicate soil map unit inclusions. Moderate correlations (r = 0.39 to 0.71) were found between apparent conductivity and average clay content of the 0 to 25 cm layer. Correlations improved (r = 0.63 to 0.90) as the clay content was averaged over the 0 to 75 cm and the 0 to 100 cm depth intervals. As spatial patterns reflect differences in clay content, these tools can be used to help locate small, included areas of coarse-textured soils that might otherwise be overlooked. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Doolittle, JA AU - Indorante, S J AU - Potter, D K AU - Hefner, S G AU - McCauley, WM AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center in Newtown Square, PA, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 175 EP - 182 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Mississippi R. KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Rice KW - Water conservation KW - Correlations KW - Dust transport KW - Clays KW - Sand transport KW - Alluvial Soils KW - USA, Mississippi R. Valley KW - USA, Missouri KW - Geophysics KW - Soil Properties KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 551.555:Specific Locations (551.555) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16136167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Comparing+three+geophysical+tools+for+locating+sand+blows+in+alluvial+soils+of+southeast+Missouri&rft.au=Doolittle%2C+JA%3BIndorante%2C+S+J%3BPotter%2C+D+K%3BHefner%2C+S+G%3BMcCauley%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Doolittle&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Sand transport; Water conservation; Dust transport; Correlations; Alluvial Soils; Rice; Soil Properties; Geophysics; Clays; USA, Mississippi R. Valley; USA, Missouri ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of soybean meal replacement by cottonseed meal and iron supplementation on growth, immune response and resistance of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge AN - 18310130; 5370308 AB - Three basal diets containing 0%, 27.5% and 55.0% solvent-extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) as replacements of 0%, 50% and 100% of solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) on an equal nitrogen basis were each supplemented with three levels of iron (40, 336 and 671 mg/kg) from ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (3 x 3 factorial experiment). Each diet was fed to juvenile channel catfish in triplicate aquaria twice daily to apparent satiation for 10 weeks for subsequent determination of growth response, hematology, specific and non-specific immune response, and mortality following Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge. Fish fed diets containing 27.5% CSM as a replacement of 50% of SBM had improved weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency ratio (FER). Total replacement of SBM by 55.0% CSM decreased WG, feed intake (FI) and FER. Total cell count (TCC), red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) were not affected by dietary levels of CSM. Iron supplementation significantly affected TCC and RBC and maximum values of these parameters were obtained at 336 mg of iron/kg diet. However, Ht and Hb were not affected by increasing levels of supplemental iron. Values for TCC, RBC and Hb were significantly affected by the interaction between dietary levels of CSM and iron. For fish fed the diet containing 0% CSM (SBM-based diets), these parameters increased linearly with increasing dietary levels of iron. When CSM levels were increased to 27.5% or higher, 336 mg supplemental iron was sufficient for maximum hematological values. Macrophage chemotaxis in the presence of exoantigen was significantly higher for fish fed diets containing 55.0% CSM as compared to those fed the lower CSM diets. Agglutinating antibody titers were also significantly higher for fish fed diets containing CSM, but the values did not differ for those fed the 27.5% or 55.0% CSM diets. Dietary levels of iron, and interactions between dietary levels of iron and CSM had no effect on macrophage chemotaxis and antibody titers. Cumulative mortality at 15 days post-challenge was significantly higher for fish fed the SBM-based diet (0% CSM) at 54.4% as compared to 35.0% and 21.6% for those fed the 27.5% and 55.0% CSM diets, respectively. No differences were observed among mortality of fish fed the CSM-containing diets. Dietary levels of iron supplementation, and the interactions between dietary levels of iron and CSM had no effect on post-challenged mortality of fish. JF - Aquaculture AU - Barros, M M AU - Lim, C AU - Klesius, PH AD - Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, MSA, P.O. Box 952, 36831-0952 Auburn, AL USA Y1 - 2002/05/24/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 24 SP - 263 EP - 279 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 207 IS - 3-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - cottonseed meal KW - soybean KW - soybean meal KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Growth rate KW - Macrophages KW - Animal nutrition KW - Diets KW - Parasites KW - Mortality KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - Immunity KW - Disease resistance KW - Parasite resistance KW - Nutrition KW - Glycine max KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Haematology KW - Feed composition KW - Micropus KW - Feeding experiments KW - Proteins KW - Immune response KW - Iron KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18310130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Effect+of+soybean+meal+replacement+by+cottonseed+meal+and+iron+supplementation+on+growth%2C+immune+response+and+resistance+of+Channel+Catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29+to+Edwardsiella+ictaluri+challenge&rft.au=Barros%2C+M+M%3BLim%2C+C%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Barros&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-05-24&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Animal nutrition; Macrophages; Growth rate; Mortality; Parasites; Disease resistance; Immunity; Parasite resistance; Feed composition; Haematology; Proteins; Feeding experiments; Iron; Immune response; Nutrition; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Micropus; Ictalurus punctatus; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating historical range and variation of landscape patch dynamics: limitations of the simulation approach AN - 18433325; 5405241 AB - Landscape patterns in the northwestern United States are mostly shaped by the interaction of fire and succession, and conversely, vegetation patterns influence fire dynamics and plant colonization processes. Historical landscape pattern dynamics can be used by resource managers to assess current landscape conditions and develop target spatial characteristics for management activities. The historical range and variability (HRV) of landscape pattern can be quantified from simulated chronosequences of landscape vegetation maps and can be used to (1) describe temporal variation in patch statistics, (2) develop limits of acceptable change, and (3) design landscape treatment guidelines for ecosystem management. Although this simulation approach has many advantages, the limitations of this method have not been explored in detail. To demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, we performed several simulation experiments using the spatially explicit, multiple pathway model a LANDscape Succession Model (LANDSUM) to quantify the range and variability in six class and landscape pattern metrics for four landscapes in the northwestern United States. First, we applied the model to spatially nested landscapes to evaluate the effect of landscape size on the HRV pattern metrics. Next, we averaged the HRV pattern metrics across maps generated from simulation time spans of 100, 500, and 1000 years and intervals 5, 10, 25 and 50 years to assess optimal output generation parameters. We then altered the elevation data layer to evaluate effect of topography on pattern metrics, and cut various shapes (circle, rectangle, square) from a landscape to examine landscape shape and orientation influences. Then, we altered the input vegetation maps to assess the influence of initial conditions on landscape metrics output. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of input fire probabilities and transition times was performed. Results indicate landscapes should be quite large to realistically simulation fire pattern. Landscape shape, and orientation are critically important to quantifying patch metrics. Simulation output need only be stored every 20-50 years but landscapes should be simulated for long time periods ( greater than or equal to 1000 years). All landscapes are unique so conclusions generated here may not be entirely applicable to all western US landscapes. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Keane, R E AU - Parsons, R A AU - Hessburg, P F AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 8089 Missoula, MT 59807, USA, rkeane@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/05/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 15 SP - 29 EP - 49 VL - 151 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18433325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Estimating+historical+range+and+variation+of+landscape+patch+dynamics%3A+limitations+of+the+simulation+approach&rft.au=Keane%2C+R+E%3BParsons%2C+R+A%3BHessburg%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-05-15&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid, Non-Destructive Selection of Peanuts for High Aflatoxin Content by Soaking and Tandem Mass Spectrometry AN - 18629172; 5538117 AB - Peanut lots are subject to aflatoxin levels high enough to cause concern to health agencies and trade channels. A possible solution would be to mechanically sort out high aflatoxin nuts from the process stream. Only highly contaminated nuts would need to be removed. However, there exists at present no sorting mechanism which meets commercial needs of adequate reduction and product preservation. To build such a sorter requires knowledge of the properties that can be used for sorting. The first step in the design is to select on the order of one hundred undamaged contaminated nuts which can be compared with noncontaminated ones. Because contaminated nuts are rare, a very large number of nuts needs to be examined nondestructively. We present a method to rapidly carry out such a selection. The method is based on dipping nuts into extraction fluid and examining the resulting fluid by tandem MS without preliminary cleanup. This method has been applied to examine over 65,000 nuts, yielding approximately 120 nuts, each containing more than 250-43000 ng/g aflatoxin (depending on process stream). JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Schatzki, T F AU - Haddon, W F AD - Western Regional Research Center, Pacific West Area, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA Y1 - 2002/05/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 08 SP - 3062 EP - 3069 VL - 50 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18629172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Rapid%2C+Non-Destructive+Selection+of+Peanuts+for+High+Aflatoxin+Content+by+Soaking+and+Tandem+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.au=Schatzki%2C+T+F%3BHaddon%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Schatzki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-05-08&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3062&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf010848m LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf010848m ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Ractopamine in Incurred Samples from Food Animals AN - 18627514; 5538100 AB - A monoclonal antibody-based ractopamine immunoassay has been applied to incurred samples from sheep and cattle. Results obtained by immunoassay were compared with those from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Three sets of sample extracts containing primarily unmetabolized ractopamine were analyzed. Correlation of HPLC with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for beef liver samples gave an r super(2) = 0.98 despite rather low ractopamine concentrations (range 1.1-13.4 ng/mL, n = 6). Ractopamine concentrations in cow urine samples treated by solid phase extraction, to remove ractopamine metabolites, also showed a high correlation between the HPLC and the ELISA results (r super(2) = 0.95, range 1.0-275 ng/mL, n = 61). In contrast, HPLC and ELISA analyses of ractopamine in sheep urine were not well-correlated (r super(2) = 0.58, range 0.85-51 ng/mL, n = 34). When ractopamine conjugates in urine samples were hydrolyzed with hydrolytic enzymes, ELISA and HPLC methods were highly correlated [r super(2) = 0.94 for sheep (range 123-10 554 ppb, n = 60) and an r super(2) = 0.98 for cattle (range 14-8159 ppb, n = 62)]. Tissues contained only minute amounts of ractopamine, and after 7-day withdrawal periods, less than 1 ppb of free ractopamine was detected. Ractopamine was rapidly metabolized in both cattle and sheep. The difference in ractopamine concentration of urine samples before and after hydrolysis indicated that only 1-5% of ractopamine was excreted unmetabolized. Results from this study indicate that the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA could be useful for a sensitive, quantitative, or qualitative ractopamine screening assay. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Shelver, W L AU - Smith, D J AD - Biosciences Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 5674 University Station, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA Y1 - 2002/05/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 08 SP - 2742 EP - 2747 VL - 50 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Ractopamine KW - cattle KW - sheep KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18627514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Application+of+a+Monoclonal+Antibody-Based+Enzyme-Linked+Immunosorbent+Assay+for+the+Determination+of+Ractopamine+in+Incurred+Samples+from+Food+Animals&rft.au=Shelver%2C+W+L%3BSmith%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Shelver&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-05-08&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf011372%2B LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf011372+ ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation among Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains relative to their growth, survival, thermal inactivation, and toxin production in broth AN - 18337260; 5388553 AB - To estimate the potential outcomes of food processing on the fate of foodborne pathogens, variations in microbial parameters such as growth rate, survival time, thermal inactivation time, and toxin production must be known. Previous microbial studies using single strains or cocktails provide error estimates for the uncertainty of the experimental and statistical procedures, but not for variations among strains. In this study, the behavior of 17 strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were followed when placed in synthetic media that permitted growth, survival, or thermal inactivation. The parameter values were not rejected as being normal, lognormal, gamma, or Weibull distributions. The ratio of the standard deviation to mean (normal distribution) for the exponential growth rate was 0.16 and for the lag phase duration, it was 0.38. The ratios of times to achieve a 4 - log sub(10) reduction at two survival conditions were 0.39 and 0.46; ratios of thermal D values at 55 and 60 degree C were 0.42 and 0.33, respectively. The ratio of the negative log sub(10) of toxin production was 0.24. These distributions are larger than the coefficient of variations observed for experimental errors in single strain and cocktail experiments. This indicates the limitations in precision that predictions of future population numbers can have when the potential presence of all strains needs to be considered. This variation among strains is applicable whether predictions are made by traditional subjective and point estimates or by using models and risk assessments. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Whiting, R C AU - Golden, M H AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, richard.whiting@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/05/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 05 SP - 127 EP - 133 VL - 75 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Risk assessment KW - Growth rate KW - Toxins KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18337260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Variation+among+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+strains+relative+to+their+growth%2C+survival%2C+thermal+inactivation%2C+and+toxin+production+in+broth&rft.au=Whiting%2C+R+C%3BGolden%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-05-05&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Food-borne diseases; Growth rate; Toxins; Risk assessment; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rainfall concentration under olive trees AN - 18578093; 5320078 AB - To determine the existence of rainfall concentration beneath olive trees, throughfall and stemflow was measured in three olive trees during 12 rainfall events, using 36 rain gauges per tree and a stemflow collection system. Data from different rainfall events were aggregated to assess the spatial correlation in throughfall. Only one out of the three trees showed a clear spatial dependency structure.Rainfall concentration under the tree canopy, as a consequence of rainfall redistribution of throughfall, was relatively unimportant with few and sparse locations showing a percentage of throughfall with respect to rainfall in open area >100% and none above 125%. Throughfall showed a consistent storm to storm pattern in spatial distribution among high rainfall events, and non-consistent patterns among low rainfall events. Stemflow was found to be the most important mechanism of canopy induced flux concentration, in events where rainfall depth was large enough to saturate the olive canopy. Stemflow was estimated to infiltrate in a radial area up to 0.5 m from the tree trunk, depending on tree characteristics and rainfall intensity. The area surrounding the tree trunk appears to be the most relevant area for potential research dealing with the influence of concentrated canopy induced water fluxes on the transport of chemicals to deeper layers within the soil. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Gomez, JA AU - Vanderlinden, K AU - Giraldez, J V AU - Fereres, E AD - National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS-MWA, 1196 Soil Building, 47906 West Lafayette, IN USA Y1 - 2002/05/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 02 SP - 53 EP - 70 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.577:General Precipitation (551.577) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18578093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Rainfall+concentration+under+olive+trees&rft.au=Gomez%2C+JA%3BVanderlinden%2C+K%3BGiraldez%2C+J+V%3BFereres%2C+E&rft.aulast=Gomez&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-05-02&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal water balance of an Ozark hillslope AN - 1665488899; 5320079 AB - Analysis of field water balance components provides information necessary to minimize the risk of offsite movement of contaminants from crop production practices or animal manure applications. The objective of this study was to determine the timing and amount of surface runoff and drainage from the root zone for a hillslope in the Ozark Highlands of US. A 0.4 ha watershed with slopes of 8-20% having tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cover was established in northwestern Arkansas (35 degree 56'W, 93 degree 51'N). Continuous measurements of water balance parameters were made from June 1997 to August 1998. Soil water drainage was estimated as the residual of weekly water balance calculations. Runoff occurred in response to three precipitation events in the winter of 1998 and totaled 30.6 mm of water or 2.6% of the 1185 mm of precipitation that fell at the site during the study period. Storms of comparable or greater intensity during other seasons failed to produce runoff, a result that was likely due to dry soil conditions and taller grass canopy. Drainage through the root zone totaled 117 mm and occurred primarily during an 83-day interval in the winter of 1998. The water balance was dominated by evaporation, which accounted for 91% (1080 mm) of the precipitation. Tall fescue was capable of sustaining relatively high evaporation rates between infrequent summer rains thereby dewatering the soil profile, which was not replenished until winter. Delaying spring animal manure applications in the Ozarks until evaporation has increased and the soil profile has begun to dry would decrease the risk of offsite transport of potential contaminants contained in the manure. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Sauer, T J AU - Moore, P A AU - Ham, J M AU - Bland, W L AU - Prueger, J H AU - West, C P AD - USDA-ARS, Fayetteville, AR USA Y1 - 2002/05/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 02 SP - 71 EP - 82 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - USA, Arkansas KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Manure KW - Evaporation KW - Water balance components KW - Drainage KW - Hydrologic Budget KW - Soil Water KW - Precipitation KW - Watersheds KW - Storms KW - Forages KW - Water balance KW - Evaporation rates KW - Water management KW - Water balance calculations KW - Surface runoff KW - Seasonal variability KW - Runoff KW - M2 556.5:Surface Water Hydrology (556.5) KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1665488899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Seasonal+water+balance+of+an+Ozark+hillslope&rft.au=Sauer%2C+T+J%3BMoore%2C+P+A%3BHam%2C+J+M%3BBland%2C+W+L%3BPrueger%2C+J+H%3BWest%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-05-02&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water balance; Evaporation rates; Water balance components; Water management; Evaporation; Drainage; Water balance calculations; Surface runoff; Seasonal variability; Precipitation; Storms; Manure; Hydrologic Budget; Soil Water; Watersheds; Runoff; Forages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of gene expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection AN - 839695620; 13859929 AB - There has been a dramatic expansion of DNA sequence information compiled over the past several years for a variety of eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. Accompanying this increase in knowledge of genomic structure and organization has been a growing interest in studying the function of individual genes including regulation of their expression. A number of methods such as Northern blotting, ribonuclease protection assay, and hybridization arrays have been developed to analyze gene expression at the transcriptional (mRNA) level. Although quantitative estimates of mRNA transcripts can be obtained from each of these methods, oftentimes they lack sufficient sensitivity or the methodology is too costly or too labor-intensive to be applied to the analysis of a large number of samples. The most sensitive method for analyzing gene expression at the mRNA level involves the combination of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, in order to provide accurate quantitative estimates of gene expression, a rapid and efficient method is required for separation and detection of the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) products of RT-PCR. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE/LIF) have made this method suitable for the automated analysis of large numbers of RT-PCR samples. An overview of the application of CE/LIF to quantitative analysis of gene expression by RT-PCR is presented along with selected protocols and examples. Both relative-quantitative (RQ) and quantitative-competitive (QC) approaches to RT-PCR are discussed in conjunction with the use of CE/LIF for rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of PCR products. JF - Molecular Biotechnology AU - Richards, Mark P AU - Poch, Stephen M AD - United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Growth Biology Laboratory, 10300, Baltimore Avenue, Building 200, Room 206, BARC-East, 20705-2350, Beltsville, Maryland, richards@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 19 EP - 37 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 1073-6085, 1073-6085 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Fluorescence KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Transcription KW - Reverse transcription KW - Gene expression KW - Northern blotting KW - Reviews KW - Gene regulation KW - capillary electrophoresis KW - Ribonuclease KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - genomics KW - X 24390:Radioactive Materials KW - G 07880:Human Genetics KW - N 14810:Methods KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839695620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+gene+expression+by+reverse+transcription+polymerase+chain+reaction+and+capillary+electrophoresis+with+laser-induced+fluorescence+detection&rft.au=Richards%2C+Mark+P%3BPoch%2C+Stephen+M&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10736085&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FMB%3A21%3A1%3A019 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Fluorescence; Nucleotide sequence; Transcription; Reverse transcription; Gene expression; Northern blotting; Gene regulation; Reviews; capillary electrophoresis; Polymerase chain reaction; Ribonuclease; genomics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/MB:21:1:019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cleanup procedure for determination of aflatoxins in major agricultural commodities by liquid chromatography. AN - 71858571; 12083256 AB - A simple, fast, reliable, and inexpensive chemical cleanup procedure was developed for quantitation of aflatoxins in major important agricultural commodities by liquid chromatography (LC). Aflatoxins were extracted from a ground sample with methanol-water (80 + 20, v/v), and after a single cleanup step on a minicolumn packed with basic aluminum oxide, they were quantitated by LC equipped with a C18 column, photochemical reactor, and fluorescence detector. Water-methanol-1-butanol (1,400 + 720 + 25, v/v/v) served as the mobile phase. Recoveries of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 from peanuts spiked at 5.0, 2.5, 7.5, and 2.5 microg/kg were 87.2 +/- 2.3, 82.0 +/- 0.8, 80.0 +/- 1.8, and 80.4 +/- 2.8%, respectively. Similar recoveries, precision, and accuracy were achieved for corn, cottonseed, almonds, Brazil nuts, pistachios, and walnuts. The quantitation limit for aflatoxin B1 was 1 microg/kg. The minimal cost of the minicolumn allows for substantial savings compared with available commercial aflatoxin cleanup devices. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Sobolev, Victor S AU - Dorner, Joe W AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 31742, USA. vsobolev@nprl.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 642 EP - 645 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71858571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Cleanup+procedure+for+determination+of+aflatoxins+in+major+agricultural+commodities+by+liquid+chromatography.&rft.au=Sobolev%2C+Victor+S%3BDorner%2C+Joe+W&rft.aulast=Sobolev&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=642&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of light filth from ground oregano and ground marjoram: a modification using isopropanol as a defatting agent: in-house study. AN - 71855306; 12083260 AB - A procedural modification of the AOAC Official Method for extracting light filth from ground oregano and ground marjoram was tested in an intralaboratory study. The modified method specifies isopropanol defatting, 975.49A(a), rather than chloroform-isopropanol defatting, 975.49A(b), followed by direct flotation as directed in AOAC Official Method, 975.49B(b). The modified method provided comparable results in less time while also providing safety, health, and financial benefits. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Wheeler, Mark AU - Bennett, Barbara AU - Marks, Harry AD - US Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, OPPDE, Washington, DC 20205, USA. mark.wheeler@usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 676 EP - 681 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hair KW - Condiments -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Origanum UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71855306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+light+filth+from+ground+oregano+and+ground+marjoram%3A+a+modification+using+isopropanol+as+a+defatting+agent%3A+in-house+study.&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+Mark%3BBennett%2C+Barbara%3BMarks%2C+Harry&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moving toward a plant-based diet: are iron and zinc at risk? AN - 71743204; 12030275 AB - With reduced intake of meat and increased intake of phytate-containing legumes and whole grains, movement toward plant-based diets reduces dietary iron and zinc absorption. Although vegetarians have lower iron stores, adverse health effects of lower iron and zinc absorption have not been demonstrated with varied, plant-based diets consumed in developed countries. Improved assessment methods and monitoring are needed to detect and prevent possible iron and zinc deficiency with plant-based diets. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Hunt, Janet R AD - USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202, USA. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 127 EP - 134 VL - 60 IS - 5 Pt 1 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Iron, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Phytic Acid KW - 7IGF0S7R8I KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Phytic Acid -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Fabaceae KW - Diet, Vegetarian -- adverse effects KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Iron -- deficiency KW - Biological Availability KW - Zinc -- administration & dosage KW - Zinc -- pharmacokinetics KW - Iron, Dietary -- pharmacokinetics KW - Iron, Dietary -- administration & dosage KW - Zinc -- deficiency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71743204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Moving+toward+a+plant-based+diet%3A+are+iron+and+zinc+at+risk%3F&rft.au=Hunt%2C+Janet+R&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5+Pt+1&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotype tracking of Salmonella through integrated broiler chicken operations. AN - 71717784; 12030282 AB - The widespread presence of Salmonella in all phases of broiler chicken production and processing is well documented. However, little information is available to indicate the identity and movement of specific serotypes of Salmonella through the different phases of an integrated operation. In this study, samples were collected from the breeder farm, from the hatchery, from the previous grow-out flock, from the flock during grow-out, and from carcasses after processing. Salmonella were recovered from 6, 98, 24, 60, and 7% of the samples, respectively, in the first trial and from 7, 98, 26, 22, and 36% of the samples, respectively, in the second trial. Seven different serotypes were identified in the first trial, and 12 different serotypes were identified in the second trial. For both trials there was poor correlation between the serotypes found in the breeder farms and those found in the hatchery. This finding and the fact that similar serotypes were found in the hatchery in both trials suggests that there was an endemic population of Salmonella in the hatchery. An association between the serotypes found in the hatchery and those found on the final processed carcasses was observed in both trials. This study confirms that a successful intervention program for broiler production operations must be multifaceted, with one component being disinfection in the hatchery. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Bailey, J S AU - Cox, N A AU - Craven, S E AU - Cosby, D E AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 30604, USA. jsbailey@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 742 EP - 745 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Serotyping KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Prevalence KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Poultry Diseases -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- classification KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71717784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Serotype+tracking+of+Salmonella+through+integrated+broiler+chicken+operations.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BCraven%2C+S+E%3BCosby%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tissue residues of ractopamine and urinary excretion of ractopamine and metabolites in animals treated for 7 days with dietary ractopamine. AN - 71696631; 12019611 AB - Ractopamine HCl is a beta-adrenergic leanness-enhancing agent recently approved for use in swine. Depletion of ractopamine in tissues, and elimination of ractopamine and its metabolites in urine, is of interest for the detection of off-label use. The objectives of this study were to measure the residues of ractopamine in livers and kidneys of cattle (n = 6), sheep (n = 6), and ducks (n = 9) after treatment with dietary ractopamine for seven (sheep, ducks) or eight (cattle) consecutive days and to measure the depletion of ractopamine from urine of cattle and sheep. Two cattle and sheep and three ducks were each slaughtered with withdrawal periods of 0, 3, and 7 d. Urine samples were collected daily from cattle and sheep. Tissue ractopamine concentrations were determined using the regulatory method (FDA approved) for ractopamine in swine tissues. Ractopamine residues in urine samples were measured before and after hydrolysis of conjugates. Analysis was performed with HPLC using fluorescence detection after liquid- (hydrolyzed samples) and(or) solid-phase extraction. No residues were detected in duck tissues. Liver residues in sheep averaged 24.0 and 2.6 ppb after 0- and 3-d withdrawal periods, respectively. Sheep liver residues after a 7-d withdrawal period were less than the limit of quantification (2.5 ppb). Sheep kidney residues were 65.1 and undetectable at 0- and at 3- and 7-d, withdrawal periods, respectively. Cattle liver residues were 9.3, 2.5, and undetectable after 0-, 3-, and 7-d withdrawal periods, respectively; kidney residues were 97.5, 3.4, and undetectable at the same respective withdrawal periods. Concentrations of parent ractopamine in sheep urine were 9.8+/-3.3 ppb on withdrawal d 0 and were below the LOQ (5 ppb) beyond the 2-d withdrawal period. After the hydrolysis of conjugates, ractopamine concentrations were 5,272+/-1,361 ppb on withdrawal d 0 and 178+/-78 ppb on withdrawal d 7. Ractopamine concentrations in cattle urine ranged from 164+/-61.7 ng/mL (withdrawal d 0) to below the LOQ (50 ppb) on withdrawal d 4. After the hydrolysis of conjugates in cattle urine, ractopamine concentrations were 4,129+/-2,351 ppb (withdrawal d 0) to below the LOQ (withdrawal d 6). These data indicate that after the hydrolysis of conjugates, ractopamine should be detectable in urine of sheep as long as 7 d after the last exposure to ractopamine and as long as 5 d after withdrawal in cattle. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Smith, D J AU - Shelver, W L AD - USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA. smithd@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1240 EP - 1249 VL - 80 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Phenethylamines KW - ractopamine KW - 57370OZ3P1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- veterinary KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Phenethylamines -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cattle -- urine KW - Phenethylamines -- administration & dosage KW - Sheep -- urine KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Ducks -- metabolism KW - Sheep -- metabolism KW - Phenethylamines -- urine KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- administration & dosage KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- urine KW - Phenethylamines -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71696631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Tissue+residues+of+ractopamine+and+urinary+excretion+of+ractopamine+and+metabolites+in+animals+treated+for+7+days+with+dietary+ractopamine.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+J%3BShelver%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cryptosporidium muris-like infection in stomach of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AN - 71686858; 12014500 AB - Abstract. Protozoa were present in routine sections of the gastric fundus of 15 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) that were being studied in three toxicity studies with novel immunosuppressive agents. Upon detailed light microscopic and ultrastructural evaluation, all stages of parasite development (trophozoites, schizonts, gamonts, and oocysts) were seen and they structurally resembled Cryptosporidium muris, which normally is found in stomachs of rodents. Cryptosporidia were primarily present in the upper one third of fundic glands that were often concurrently colonized by a Helicobacter heilmannii-like organism; however, no clear correlation was found between bacterial burden and the number of protozoa. The primarily mononuclear cellular infiltrate appeared to coincide with the presence of protozoa only in a few animals. Changes in mucous epithelial cells mainly occurred in animals that were part of a 39-week study. Mucous epithelial cells in affected glands contained an increased amount of mucus composed of predominantly acid mucosubstances compared to the normally present neutral mucosubstances. C. muris-like protozoa are newly recognized etiologies for opportunistic infections in the stomach of immunocompromized nonhuman primates. This is the first report of C. muris-like parasite in stomachs of monkeys. JF - Veterinary pathology AU - Dubey, J P AU - Markovits, J E AU - Killary, K A AD - Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 363 EP - 371 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0300-9858, 0300-9858 KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Gastric Fundus -- ultrastructure KW - Immunocompromised Host KW - Gastric Fundus -- pathology KW - Gastric Fundus -- parasitology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Stomach Diseases -- veterinary KW - Stomach Diseases -- parasitology KW - Macaca fascicularis KW - Stomach Diseases -- pathology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- parasitology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- veterinary KW - Cryptosporidium -- ultrastructure KW - Monkey Diseases -- parasitology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- pathology KW - Monkey Diseases -- pathology KW - Cryptosporidium -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71686858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+pathology&rft.atitle=Cryptosporidium+muris-like+infection+in+stomach+of+cynomolgus+monkeys+%28Macaca+fascicularis%29.&rft.au=Dubey%2C+J+P%3BMarkovits%2C+J+E%3BKillary%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Dubey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+pathology&rft.issn=03009858&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promising new technology for managing diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in cabbage with pheromone. AN - 71683218; 12009198 AB - Experiments were conducted in plantings of cabbage in spring 1999 and 2000 to evaluate a novel, new matrix system for delivering sex pheromone to suppress sexual communication by diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). The liquid, viscous, slow-release formulation contained a combination of diamondback moth pheromone, a blend of Z-11-hexadecenyl acetate, 27%:Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol, 1%:Z-11-tetradecen-1-ol, 9%:Z-11-hexadecenal, 63%, and the insecticide permethrin (0.16% and 6% w/w of total formulated material, respectively). Field trapping experiments showed that the lure-toxicant combination was highly attractive to male moths for at least four weeks using as little as a 0.05 g droplet of formulated material per trap; and the permethrin insecticide had no apparent influence on response of moths to lure baited traps. Small field plots of cabbage were treated with the lure-toxicant-matrix combination using droplets of 0.44 and 0.05 g each applied to cabbage in a grid pattern at densities ranging from 990 to 4396 droplets/ha to evaluate the potential for disrupting sexual communication of diamondback moth. There was no significant difference in the level of suppression of sexual communication of diamondback moth, as measured by captures of males in pheromone-baited traps located in the treated plots, versus moths captured in untreated control plots, among the treatments regardless of droplet size (0.05 or 0.44 g) or number of droplets applied per ha. Plots treated with the smallest droplet size (0.05 g) and with the fewest number of droplets per ha (990) suppressed captures of male diamondback moths > 90% for up to 3 weeks post treatment. Although laboratory assays showed that the lure-toxicant combination was 100% effective at killing the diamondback moth, the mode of action in the field trials was not determined. The results indicate that the liquid, viscous, slow release formulation containing diamondback moth pheromone could be used to effectively suppress sexual communication of this pest in cabbage and other crucifers, although as many as three applications probably would be required for suppression over an entire growing season. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Mitchell, Everett R AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida 32609, USA. emitchell@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 277 EP - 290 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Pheromones KW - 0 KW - Sex Attractants KW - Index Medicus KW - Sex Attractants -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Sex Factors KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Population Density KW - Sex Attractants -- physiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Behavior, Animal KW - Moths -- drug effects KW - Brassica -- chemistry KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Pheromones -- physiology KW - Pheromones -- toxicity KW - Crops, Agricultural KW - Moths -- physiology KW - Sexual Behavior -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71683218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Promising+new+technology+for+managing+diamondback+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Plutellidae%29+in+cabbage+with+pheromone.&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Everett+R&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Everett&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary copper affects azoxymethane-induced intestinal tumor formation and protein kinase C isozyme protein and mRNA expression in colon of rats. AN - 71638318; 11983831 AB - Previous studies have show that changes in protein kinase C (PKC) isoform expression may be related to increased susceptibility of copper-deficient rats to aberrant crypt formation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary copper would affect azoxymethane-induced intestinal tumor formation and PKC isozyme expression in normal colonic mucosa and tumor samples. Eighty weanling Fischer-344 rats were randomly assigned to diets that contained either 0.8 or 5.3 microg Cu/g diet. After 24 and 31 d of diet consumption, 30 rats/diet were administered azoxymethane (15 mg/kg i.p.) and 10 rats/diet were administered saline. Rats continued to consume their respective diets for an additional 38 wk. Rats injected with azoxymethane and fed the low copper diet had a significantly (P < 0.0001) greater small intestinal and total tumor incidence compared with rats fed adequate dietary copper. However, dietary copper did not affect colon tumor incidence. Low dietary copper significantly (P < 0.004) decreased PKC alpha protein expression in normal but not in tumor tissue. In contrast, low dietary copper did not affect PKC delta or zeta protein expression in either the normal or tumor tissue. PKC alpha and delta protein and mRNA expression were lower in tumor tissue than in normal tissue. These results along with previous observations suggest that dietary copper-mediated changes in PKC alpha, delta and zeta protein expression are not as important for colon tumor promotion/progression as they are for tumor initiation. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Davis, Cindy D AU - Johnson, W Thomas AD - Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA. cdavis@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1018 EP - 1025 VL - 132 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Isoenzymes KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Azoxymethane KW - MO0N1J0SEN KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Azoxymethane -- toxicity KW - Random Allocation KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Colon -- pathology KW - Colon -- enzymology KW - Protein Kinase C -- genetics KW - Copper -- administration & dosage KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Isoenzymes -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71638318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+copper+affects+azoxymethane-induced+intestinal+tumor+formation+and+protein+kinase+C+isozyme+protein+and+mRNA+expression+in+colon+of+rats.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Cindy+D%3BJohnson%2C+W+Thomas&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Cindy&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1018&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ochratoxin production by the Aspergillus ochraceus group and Aspergillus alliaceus. AN - 71630312; 11976104 AB - Ochratoxin A is a toxic and carcinogenic fungal secondary metabolite; its presence in foods is increasingly regulated. Various fungi are known to produce ochratoxins, but it is not known which species produce ochratoxins consistently and which species cause ochratoxin contamination of various crops. We isolated fungi in the Aspergillus ochraceus group (section Circumdati) and Aspergillus alliaceus from tree nut orchards, nuts, and figs in California. A total of 72 isolates were grown in potato dextrose broth and yeast extract-sucrose broth for 10 days at 30 degrees C and tested for production of ochratoxin A in vitro by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Among isolates from California figs, tree nuts, and orchards, A. ochraceus and Aspergillus melleus were the most common species. No field isolates of A. ochraceus or A. melleus produced ochratoxin A above the level of detection (0.01 microg/ml). All A. alliaceus isolates produced ochratoxin A, up to 30 microg/ml. We examined 50,000 figs for fungal infections and measured ochratoxin content in figs with visible fungal colonies. Pooled figs infected with A. alliaceus contained ochratoxin A, figs infected with the A. ochraceus group had little or none, and figs infected with Penicillium had none. These results suggest that the little-known species A. alliaceus is an important ochratoxin-producing fungus in California and that it may be responsible for the ochratoxin contamination occasionally observed in figs. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Bayman, Paul AU - Baker, James L AU - Doster, Mark A AU - Michailides, Themis J AU - Mahoney, Noreen E AD - Plant Mycotoxin Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California 94710, USA. pbayman@upracd.upr.clu.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 2326 EP - 2329 VL - 68 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Ochratoxins KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - Index Medicus KW - Ochratoxins -- metabolism KW - Fruit -- microbiology KW - Ficus -- microbiology KW - Nuts -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus ochraceus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71630312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Ochratoxin+production+by+the+Aspergillus+ochraceus+group+and+Aspergillus+alliaceus.&rft.au=Bayman%2C+Paul%3BBaker%2C+James+L%3BDoster%2C+Mark+A%3BMichailides%2C+Themis+J%3BMahoney%2C+Noreen+E&rft.aulast=Bayman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Can J Microbiol. 2000 Jul;46(7):593-9 [10932351] J Food Prot. 1999 Jun;62(6):650-6 [10382655] J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Aug;48(8):3616-9 [10956159] Med Mycol. 2000;38 Suppl 1:17-22 [11204142] Nature. 1965 Mar 13;205(976):1112-3 [5833211] Appl Microbiol. 1970 Mar;19(3):542-4 [5440175] Mycologia. 1972 May-Jun;64(3):539-50 [5029640] Can J Microbiol. 1972 May;18(5):631-6 [5032809] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 May;37(5):959-64 [485140] Mycopathologia. 1985 Jun;90(3):181-6 [4033738] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Feb;53(2):266-9 [3566267] J AOAC Int. 1993 Jul-Aug;76(4):842-6 [8374329] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jul;60(7):2650-2 [8074536] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Dec;62(12):4461-4 [8953717] Mycopathologia. 1996;134(3):171-6 [8981783] Fungal Genet Biol. 2000 Jun;30(1):71-80 [10955909] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concurrent pregnancy retards mammary involution: effects on apoptosis and proliferation of the mammary epithelium after forced weaning of mice. AN - 71613499; 11967212 AB - The effect of pregnancy on postweaning mammary gland involution was investigated in mice. On the third day after forced weaning at Lactation Day 10, the apoptotic index was 56% lower in mammary tissue of mice that were pregnant at the time of weaning than in nonpregnant mice. Conversely, the bromodeoxyuridine-labeling index was increased sevenfold in pregnant mice compared to nonpregnant controls (3.5% vs. 0.5%, respectively). Structure of mammary alveoli was largely maintained in postweaning pregnant mice. The effect of pregnancy on three specific mammary epithelial cell survival pathways was also examined. First, pregnancy blocked the loss of Stat5a phosphorylation during involution. Significantly, loss of Stat5a phosphorylation during involution was not correlated with loss of Stat5a nuclear localization. Second, pregnancy maintained nuclear-localized progesterone receptor during lactation. Third, pregnancy was associated with increased expression of bfl-1 during involution but had little effect on the expression of other bcl-2 family members. The data indicate that pregnancy inhibits mammary cell apoptosis after weaning while permitting proliferation of the mammary epithelium, and they support the hypothesis that Stat5a and progesterone-signaling pathways act in concert to mediate this effect. JF - Biology of reproduction AU - Capuco, Anthony V AU - Li, Minglin AU - Long, Ezhou AU - Ren, Shuxun AU - Hruska, Kathleen S AU - Schorr, Kristel AU - Furth, Priscilla A AD - Gene Evaluation and Mapping Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. acapuco@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1471 EP - 1476 VL - 66 IS - 5 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Antimetabolites KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Milk Proteins KW - Receptors, Progesterone KW - STAT5 Transcription Factor KW - Stat5a protein, mouse KW - Trans-Activators KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Bromodeoxyuridine KW - G34N38R2N1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Trans-Activators -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - Nuclease Protection Assays KW - Weaning KW - Mice KW - Pregnancy KW - Progesterone -- physiology KW - Blotting, Western KW - Epithelium -- growth & development KW - Receptors, Progesterone -- physiology KW - Prolactin -- physiology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- physiology KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- chemistry KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71613499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.atitle=Concurrent+pregnancy+retards+mammary+involution%3A+effects+on+apoptosis+and+proliferation+of+the+mammary+epithelium+after+forced+weaning+of+mice.&rft.au=Capuco%2C+Anthony+V%3BLi%2C+Minglin%3BLong%2C+Ezhou%3BRen%2C+Shuxun%3BHruska%2C+Kathleen+S%3BSchorr%2C+Kristel%3BFurth%2C+Priscilla+A&rft.aulast=Capuco&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.issn=00063363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of thermal, hydrologic and snow deformation mechanisms on snow water equivalent pressure sensor accuracy AN - 51863798; 2004-030090 AB - A five-year field study was conducted to determine the mechanisms that cause snow water equivalent (SWE) pressure sensor measurement errors. We monitored a 3-m snow pillow and installed three prototype electronic SWE sensors to examine how SWE errors occur. We measured heat flux in the sensors and the soil, snow temperature, soil moisture content, and soil thermal conductivity. The SWE of snow cores were used to assess the accuracy of the sensors. Results indicate that SWE measurement errors occur when the snow/SWE sensor and/or the snow/soil interfaces are at the melting temperature of snow. SWE over measurement errors occur when the sensor heat flux is less than the surrounding soil. SWE under measurement errors occur when the heat flux through the sensor is greater than through the soil. The most severe errors occur during the transition from winter to spring when the snow cover first reaches an isothermal condition producing a maximum difference in snowmelt rate between the snow/SWE sensor and snow/soil interfaces. SWE measurement errors are minimized when the sensor is designed to match the thermal properties of the surrounding soil, allow water to flow through the sensor, or to diffuse heat into the adjacent soil. JF - Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference AU - Johnson, Jerome B AU - Schaefer, Garry L Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 110 EP - 121 PB - Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO VL - 70 SN - 0161-0589, 0161-0589 KW - United States KW - snow cover KW - thermal conductivity KW - snow water equivalent KW - snow deformation KW - moisture KW - Boise Idaho KW - freezing KW - temperature KW - errors KW - heat flow KW - snow KW - climate effects KW - water content KW - snow-soil interface KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Idaho KW - heat flux KW - thermal properties KW - thawing KW - measurement KW - Reynolds Mountain KW - Ada County Idaho KW - infiltration KW - accuracy KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51863798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+thermal%2C+hydrologic+and+snow+deformation+mechanisms+on+snow+water+equivalent+pressure+sensor+accuracy&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Jerome+B%3BSchaefer%2C+Garry+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.issn=01610589&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.westernsnowconference.org/biblio LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 70th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; Ada County Idaho; Boise Idaho; climate effects; errors; freezing; heat flow; heat flux; hydrology; Idaho; infiltration; measurement; moisture; Reynolds Mountain; snow; snow cover; snow deformation; snow water equivalent; snow-soil interface; soils; temperature; thawing; thermal conductivity; thermal properties; United States; water content ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil moisture data collection and water supply forecasting; the sequel AN - 51863493; 2004-030094 JF - Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference AU - Julander, Randall P Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 144 EP - 148 PB - Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO VL - 70 SN - 0161-0589, 0161-0589 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - snow cover KW - snowmelt KW - snow water equivalent KW - moisture KW - Wasatch Front KW - water management KW - snowpack KW - errors KW - saturation KW - infiltration KW - snow KW - runoff KW - water content KW - Utah KW - northern Utah KW - meltwater KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51863493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.atitle=Soil+moisture+data+collection+and+water+supply+forecasting%3B+the+sequel&rft.au=Julander%2C+Randall+P&rft.aulast=Julander&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.issn=01610589&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.westernsnowconference.org/biblio LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 70th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - errors; hydrology; infiltration; meltwater; moisture; northern Utah; runoff; saturation; snow; snow cover; snow water equivalent; snowmelt; snowpack; soils; United States; Utah; Wasatch Front; water content; water management; water supply ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for Maintaining Insect Cell Cultures AN - 19691715; 8695939 AB - Insect cell cultures are now commonly used in insect physiology, developmental biology, pathology, and molecular biology. As the field has advanced from methods development to a standard procedure, so has the diversity of scientists using the technique. This paper describes methods that are effective for maintaining various insect cell lines. The procedures are differentiated between loosely or non-attached cell strains, attached cell strains, and strongly adherent cell strains. JF - Journal of Insect Science (Tucson) AU - Lynn, Dwight E AD - USDA/ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC-West, Bldg. 011A, Rm. 214, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA., lynnd@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Library of the University of Arizona, 1510 East University VL - 2 IS - 9 SN - 1536-2442, 1536-2442 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - subculture procedures KW - tissue culture KW - cell lines KW - trypsinization KW - suspension KW - attachment KW - Insect cells KW - Cell culture KW - Adherent cells KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - Z 05330:Reproduction and Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19691715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.atitle=Methods+for+Maintaining+Insect+Cell+Cultures&rft.au=Lynn%2C+Dwight+E&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=Dwight&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.issn=15362442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1672%2F1536-2442%282002%290022.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insect cells; Cell culture; Adherent cells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/1536-2442(2002)002[0001:MFMICC]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - REPRODUCTION IN CAPTIVE WILD-CAUGHT COYOTES (CANIS LATRANS) AN - 19337385; 8696863 AB - We assessed reproductive patterns of coyotes (Canis latrans) from a 12-year data set involving 24 pairs of captive animals acquired from Latah County, Idaho. None of the females had placental scars (fetal implantation sites) at 1 year of age, but over 80% had placental scars by 2 years of age. The fraction with placental scars remained at 80-90% through age 9 years and then declined to <40% by age 12 years. Similarly, mean number of placental scars per female rose rapidly through 2-3 years of age, remained stable until age 8 years, and then progressively declined to a very low level by age 12 years. Numbers of pups observed were typically smaller than numbers of placental scars, with fewer placental scars represented by pups among younger females than older females. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Green, Jeffrey S AU - Knowlton, Frederick F AU - Pitt, William C AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID 83423 (JSG), knowlton@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 501 EP - 506 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 83 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Canis latrans KW - placental scars KW - serial productivity KW - captive KW - coyote KW - reproduction KW - senescence KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Placenta KW - Reproduction KW - Fetuses KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19337385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=REPRODUCTION+IN+CAPTIVE+WILD-CAUGHT+COYOTES+%28CANIS+LATRANS%29&rft.au=Green%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BKnowlton%2C+Frederick+F%3BPitt%2C+William+C&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1644%2F1545-1542%282002%290832.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Data processing; Placenta; Reproduction; Fetuses; Canis latrans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0501:RICWCC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of NaCl on Survival of Shigella flexneri in Broth as Affected by Temperature and pH AN - 18607455; 5509410 AB - Shigella, a major foodborne pathogen, survives well in salt-containing environments. However, systematic data are scarce. We studied the behavior of Shigella flexneri 5348 in brain heart infusion broth (pH 4 to 6) containing 0.5 to 8% NaCl. Stationary-phase cells were inoculated into sterile media at initial concentrations of 6 to 7 log sub(10) CFU/ml and incubated at 12 to 37 degree C. Bacterial population sizes were determined periodically by plate counts. Survivor curves were derived from plate count data by using a two-phase linear model to determine lag times and slopes of the curves, from which decimal reduction times (D-values) and times to a 4-log sub(10) inactivation (T sub(4D)) were calculated. In media of pH 6, the bacteria grew in the presence of less than or equal to 6% NaCl at 19 and 37 degree C and in the presence of less than or equal to 7% NaCl at 28 degree C. In media of pH 5, growth was observed in the presence of less than or equal to 2, less than or equal to 4, less than or equal to 4, and 0.5% NaCl at 37, 28, 19, and 12 degree C, respectively. Growth did not occur and bacterial populations gradually declined in media of pH 4. While NaCl had a major effect on growth, bacterial survival was affected to a lesser extent. Lag times decreased with increasing NaCl levels; however, the effect on D-values and T sub(4D) values was less pronounced. The average T sub(4D) values for media of pH 4 containing 0.5 to 6% NaCl were 4, 13, 23, and 61 days at 37, 28, 19, and 12 degree C, respectively. These results show that S. flexneri is salt tolerant and suggest that salty foods may serve as vehicles for infection with this bacterium. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Zaika, L L AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 774 EP - 779 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18607455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+NaCl+on+Survival+of+Shigella+flexneri+in+Broth+as+Affected+by+Temperature+and+pH&rft.au=Zaika%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Zaika&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=774&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research Note: Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. on Laboratory-Inoculated Mung Bean Seed by Chlorine Treatment AN - 18602578; 5509422 AB - Three U.S. outbreaks of foodborne illness due to consumption of contaminated raw mung bean sprouts occurred in the past 2 years and were caused by Salmonella Enteritidis. The original source of the pathogens is thought to have been the seed. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with aqueous chlorine would eliminate the pathogens from mung bean seed inoculated in the laboratory with four-strain cocktails of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Treatments (for 5, 10, or 15 min) with buffered (500 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.8) or unbuffered solutions containing 0.3 or 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl) sub(2) were tested. In order to mimic common commercial practice, seed was rinsed before and after treatment with sterile tap water. Treatment for 15 min with buffer (500 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.8) or sterile water in combination with the seed rinses resulted in maximum reductions of approximately 3 log sub(10) CFU/g. The largest reductions (4 to 5 log sub(10) CFU/g) for the chlorine treatments in combination with the rinses were obtained after treatment with buffered 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl) sub(2) for 15 min. Treatment of mung bean seed for 15 min with unbuffered or buffered 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl) sub(2) did not adversely affect germination. Even though treatments with 3% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl) sub(2) in combination with the water rinses were effective in greatly reducing the populations of both bacterial pathogens, these treatments did not result in the elimination of the pathogens from laboratory-inoculated seed. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Fett, W F AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 848 EP - 852 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01043:Seed treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18602578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Research+Note%3A+Reduction+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+Salmonella+spp.+on+Laboratory-Inoculated+Mung+Bean+Seed+by+Chlorine+Treatment&rft.au=Fett%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation and climate characteristics of arid and semi-arid grasslands in North America and their biome transition zone AN - 18580452; 5407833 AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among species richness, functional group composition, and climate for three sites representing the shortgrass steppe, the Chihuahuan desert grasslands and their biome transition zone. We found that perennial species richness increased as the climate became more favorable for plant growth. The biome transition zone was more similar to the Chihuahuan desert grassland site in most climate and vegetation characteristics, partly because of the shorter biogeographic distance between the two sites. This study clarified the ecological position of the biome transition zone site with respect to the adjacent biomes. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Hochstrasser, T AU - Kroeel-Dulay, G AU - Peters, D P AU - Gosz, J R AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 55 EP - 78 PB - Academic Press VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Climate and vegetation KW - Grasslands KW - North America KW - USA KW - Climate and ecosystems KW - Vegetation type KW - Semiarid environments KW - Arid environments KW - Climatic conditions KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands KW - M2 551.586:Biometeorology and Bioclimatology (551.586) KW - M2 551.585.55:Steppe climate (551.585.55) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18580452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Vegetation+and+climate+characteristics+of+arid+and+semi-arid+grasslands+in+North+America+and+their+biome+transition+zone&rft.au=Hochstrasser%2C+T%3BKroeel-Dulay%2C+G%3BPeters%2C+D+P%3BGosz%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hochstrasser&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.2001.0929 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - North America; USA; Grasslands; Arid environments; Semiarid environments; Climatic conditions; Vegetation type; Climate and vegetation; Climate and ecosystems DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2001.0929 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary Magnesium Depletion Affects Metabolic Responses during Submaximal Exercise in Postmenopausal Women AN - 18499252; 5462750 AB - Magnesium is an essential mineral that is required for optimal biological function including energy metabolism. Although national nutritional surveys indicate that usual magnesium intakes do not meet recommendations, particularly among older women, diet-induced magnesium depletion is considered rare among humans without concurrent illness. We examined the effects of dietary magnesium restriction on biochemical measures of magnesium nutriture and physiologic responses during submaximal exercise in 10 postmenopausal women, 45-71 y old, not receiving hormone replacement therapy. The women consumed diets containing conventional foods with varying magnesium content totaling 112 mg/8.4 MJ (2000 kcal) supplemented with 200 mg magnesium daily for 35d (control), then 112 mg/8.4 MJ for 93d (depletion) followed by 112 mg/8.4 MJ supplemented with 200 mg magnesium/d for 49d (repletion) in a depletion-repletion experiment. RBC magnesium concentration (P < 0.05), magnesium retention (P < 0.05) and skeletal muscle magnesium concentration (P < 0.05) decreased when dietary magnesium was restricted. Peak oxygen uptake, total and cumulative net oxygen uptake determined by using indirect calorimetry and peak heart rate increased (P < 0.05) during standardized submaximal work with restricted compared with adequate dietary magnesium. These findings indicate that dietary magnesium depletion can be induced in otherwise healthy women; it results in increased energy needs and adversely affects cardiovascular function during submaximal work. This may also explain previous observations of increased energy cost during standardized exercise in physically active men and women considered to have reduced magnesium nutriture. JF - Journal of Nutrition AU - Lukaski, H C AU - Nielsen, F H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA, hlukaski@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 930 EP - 935 VL - 132 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18499252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+Magnesium+Depletion+Affects+Metabolic+Responses+during+Submaximal+Exercise+in+Postmenopausal+Women&rft.au=Lukaski%2C+H+C%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Lukaski&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=930&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Programs for monitoring antimicrobial resistance AN - 18480133; 5451534 AB - Use of antimicrobials has increased in both human and veterinary medicine and the emergence of resistance to antimicrobials has become a global problem. This is due, in part, to the widespread availability of antimicrobials and the efficacy they impart in control of certain infectious diseases. Antimicrobial resistance (AR) can diminish the effectiveness or render an antimicrobic ineffective as a therapeutic. Although use may result in bacteria (both food borne and commensal) that are resistant, the exact fate of these populations in terms of persistence and transmission has been difficult to determine. Use patterns in veterinary medicine (therapeutic vs. subtherapeutic use) and agriculture further complicates the picture. Additionally, while transmission of resistant bacteria from animals to humans occurs, it has been difficult to assess the extent to which this occurs and the impact transmission has on actually disseminating resistant populations among humans. National and international meetings have been held addressing these issues. However, experts have been unable to reach unanimous agreement regarding the impact of AR in agriculture and its impact on human health. Consequently, there is a critical need to define the extent of AR in food animal production as well as the factors favoring the development or acquisition of AR and in particular, to develop rapid means to detect AR in the field. Interwoven in this scenario is the observation that bacterial virulence may also be enhanced in more resistant bacteria. It is unknown whether a relationship between the two exists making an assessment of the role resistance plays in the pathogenesis of disease critical to understanding bacterial/drug interactions. Additionally, while many mechanisms of resistance have been well described, as resistance attributes are identified it becomes necessary to assess whether resistance is due to known or novel mechanisms in order to develop the means to interrupt its development. JF - Animal Biotechnology AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Englen, MD AU - Gray, J T AU - Hudson, C AU - Headrick, M L AD - USDA-ARS-Russell Research Center, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Athens, GA, USA, pcray@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 43 EP - 55 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1049-5398, 1049-5398 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18480133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Programs+for+monitoring+antimicrobial+resistance&rft.au=Fedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BEnglen%2C+MD%3BGray%2C+J+T%3BHudson%2C+C%3BHeadrick%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Fedorka-Cray&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10495398&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FABIO-120005769 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ABIO-120005769 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Seed Size on Exploitation by the Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae AN - 18476428; 5443598 AB - Oviposition decisions and their fitness consequences for the seed parasite Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were investigated. Female S. oryzae lay eggs inside seeds such as wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)]. Because larvae develop to adult within a single seed, the resources available are determined by the behavior of the female parent and characteristics of the seed in which the egg was deposited. Females were demonstrated to lay more eggs in kernels greater than or equal to 20 mg. Females initiated the chewing of oviposition holes in shriveled kernels but were less likely to oviposit in them. Progeny size increased with increasing seed size, but the probability of an adult emerging was not affected. Females accepted large kernels more quickly than small kernels and this contributed to increased oviposition in large kernels. The increase in the number of eggs per kernel appears to result from an increase in number of visits resulting in oviposition rather than an increase in the number of eggs laid during a visit. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Campbell, J F AD - USDA ARS, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA, campbell@usgmrl.ksu.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 429 EP - 446 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Coleoptera KW - Weevils KW - seed size KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18476428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Seed+Size+on+Exploitation+by+the+Rice+Weevil%2C+Sitophilus+oryzae&rft.au=Campbell%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measures of Bacillus thuringiensis persistence in the corn whorl AN - 18474843; 5446257 AB - Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner is not toxic to humans and a treated field can be entered immediately. Therefore, viable B. thuringiensis spores remaining on the plant, live larvae on the plant, and insecticidal activity of the crystal toxin can be measured over time. When B. thuringiensis is applied to corn as a spray or granular formulation, ultraviolet light and rainfall destroy much of the insecticidal activity of the bacterium (Behle et al., 1997). Longevity of B. thuringiensis has been measured when applied with over the row equipment (Lynch et al., 1980), but not when placed directly into the corn whorl. The objectives of these studies were to determine the the longevity of B. thuringiensis spores applied directly into the corn whorl,determine the reliability of the number of live larvae in the whorl to predict centimeters of tunnelling, and determine the insecticidal activity of the B. thuringiensis crystal toxin within the whorl of the corn plant. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Lewis, L AU - Bruck, D AU - Gunnarson, R AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory, Insectary Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 69 EP - 71 PB - Academic Press VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Insecta KW - crystal toxin KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18474843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Measures+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+persistence+in+the+corn+whorl&rft.au=Lewis%2C+L%3BBruck%2C+D%3BGunnarson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-2011%2802%2900041-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00041-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative activity of baculoviruses against the codling moth Cydia pomonella and three other tortricid pests of tree fruit AN - 18474792; 5446256 AB - The granulovirus of Cydia pomonella (L.) (CpGV) offers potential for selective control of codling moth. Two major limitations of CpGV are its narrow host range and lack of persistence in the orchard agroecosystem. The nucleopolyhedroviruses of the alfalfa looper Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV) and those of the celery looper Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV) have broad host ranges. Comparative assays of CpGV,Ac MNPV, and AfMNPV against codling moth neonate larvae revealed a 54-93-fold greater susceptibility of codling moth to the granulovirus than to the two nucleopolyhedroviruses based on the LC sub(50) values for each virus. The LC sub(50)s forCp GV, AfMNPV, and AcMNPV were 32.7 capsules/ mm super(2),1.77 x 10 super(3) occlusion bodies (OBs)/ mm super(2), and3.05 x 10 super(3) OBs/mm super(2) , respectively. The LT sub(50) determined forAf MNPV using an approximate LC sub(95) of the virus against neonate larvae was 3.6 days. Histological examination of tissues in moribund codling moth larvae that had been treated with AfMNPV revealed the presence of nonoccluded and unenveloped virus rods in midgut tissue. Neither OBs nor signs of infection were detected in other tissues. The activity ofAf MNPV was also evaluated in three other tortricid apple pests (obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris); Pandemis leafroller, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott; and the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck)). Codling and Oriental fruit moths were significantly more susceptible to AfMNPV than were the two leafroller species. [copy ] 2002 Elsevier Science (USA) JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Lacey, L AU - Vail, P AU - Hoffmann, D AD - Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 64 EP - 68 PB - Academic Press VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Celery looper KW - Leaf rollers KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18474792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Comparative+activity+of+baculoviruses+against+the+codling+moth+Cydia+pomonella+and+three+other+tortricid+pests+of+tree+fruit&rft.au=Lacey%2C+L%3BVail%2C+P%3BHoffmann%2C+D&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-2011%2802%2900036-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00036-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of Mexican Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Grapefruit: Enhancement by Mechanical Wounding of and Experience with Grapefruit AN - 18472498; 5443596 AB - Wild strain, mated, female Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), with no prior experience with fruit (naive), were not attracted to grapefruit, a preferred cultivated host, in wind tunnel experiments. Naive, mated laboratory strain females were attracted. Prior experience with grapefruit increased attraction of both laboratory and wild strains. More females were attracted to fruit with peel damage than to undamaged fruit, indicating that fruit odor mediated attraction. More naive than experienced females attempted to oviposit on the sides of the wind tunnel. Experienced laboratory males, but not wild males or naive males, were attracted to grapefruit. Attraction and oviposition behavior of laboratory flies was greater than that of wild flies. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Robacker, D C AU - Fraser, I AD - USDA, ARS, Kika de la Garza SARC, 2413 East Highway 83, Building 200, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, drobacker@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 399 EP - 414 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - grapefruit KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18472498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+Mexican+Fruit+Flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+to+Grapefruit%3A+Enhancement+by+Mechanical+Wounding+of+and+Experience+with+Grapefruit&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BFraser%2C+I&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella enterica Infections in Market Swine with and without Transport and Holding AN - 18457255; 5430204 AB - The objective of this study was to compare, by using identical sample types, the Salmonella enterica prevalences and serovar diversities between pigs necropsied on the farm and those necropsied at the abattoir after transport and holding. We necropsied 567 market weight pigs (>70 kg) from six herds. Pigs were alternately assigned to be necropsied on the farm or at the abattoir. One-half of the group was sent in clean, disinfected trailers to slaughter at a commercial abattoir. After transport (mean distance, 169 km) and 2 to 3 h of holding in antemortem pens, these pigs were necropsied. The 50 pigs remaining on the farm were necropsied the following day. The same sample types and amounts were collected for S. enterica culture at both locations. Results show a sevenfold-higher (P < 0.001) S. enterica isolation rate from pigs necropsied at the abattoir (39.9%; 114 of 286) than from those necropsied on the farm (5.3%; 15 of 281). This difference was also observed for each individual herd. All sample types showed a significantly higher prevalence when comparing abattoir to on-farm collection, respectively: lymph nodes, 9.15 versus 3.6%; cecal contents, 13.6 versus 1.8%; 1 g of fecal matter, 25.2 versus 0.7%. Recovery of additional serovars at the abattoir suggests the pigs are receiving S. enterica from extra-farm sources. This study demonstrates that rapid infection during transport, and particularly during holding, is a major reason for increased S. enterica prevalence in swine. This finding identifies the holding pen as an important S. enterica control point in the pork production chain. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hurd, H S AU - McKean, J D AU - Griffith, R W AU - Wesley, I V AU - Rostagno, M H AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010., shurd@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 2376 EP - 2381 VL - 68 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - infection KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18457255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Salmonella+enterica+Infections+in+Market+Swine+with+and+without+Transport+and+Holding&rft.au=Hurd%2C+H+S%3BMcKean%2C+J+D%3BGriffith%2C+R+W%3BWesley%2C+I+V%3BRostagno%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Hurd&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.5.2376-2381.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.5.2376-2381.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tissue disposition, excretion and metabolism of 2,2",4,4",5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) in the male Sprague-Dawley rat AN - 18449913; 5428309 AB - 1. A disposition, metabolism and excretion study of orally administered 2,2",4,4",5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) was conducted in the conventional and bile duct-cannulated male rat. 2. In the conventional rat, >50% of the radiolabelled dose was retained at 72 h, and lipophilic tissues were the preferred sites for disposition, i.e. adipose tissue, adrenals, gastrointestinal tract and skin. 3. Urinary excretion of BDE-99 was very low (<1% of dose), and glucuronidation of phenolic metabolites was suggested. 4. Biliary excretion of BDE-99 was slightly greater than observed in urine, i.e. 3.6% at 72h. 5. Over 43% of the dose in the conventional male rat and 86% in the bile duct-cannulated rat was excreted in the faeces, mainly as the unmetabolized parent compound. 6. Metabolites in bile and faeces were not conjugated. Mono- and di-hydroxylated pentabromodiphenyl ether metabolites were characterized by mass spectrometry. Two thiol metabolites were characterized in the bile. Oxidative debromination was also observed in the faecal metabolites. 7. Tissue BDE-99 was readily extractable, except for in the liver. The tissue super(14)C was not associated with lipids and was mainly the unmetabolized parent compound. 8. Total thyroxine (T4) plasma levels were elevated at 3 and 6 days, and returned to control levels by day 12. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Hakk, H AU - Larsen, G AU - Klasson-Wehler, E AD - USDA, ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, PO Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105-5647 USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 369 EP - 382 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromodiphenyl ether KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18449913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Tissue+disposition%2C+excretion+and+metabolism+of+2%2C2%22%2C4%2C4%22%2C5-pentabromodiphenyl+ether+%28BDE-99%29+in+the+male+Sprague-Dawley+rat&rft.au=Hakk%2C+H%3BLarsen%2C+G%3BKlasson-Wehler%2C+E&rft.aulast=Hakk&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying the mechanical and hydrologic effects of riparian vegetation on streambank stability AN - 18438685; 5409482 AB - Riparian vegetation strips are widely used by river managers to increase streambank stability, among other purposes. However, though the effects of vegetation on bank stability are widely discussed they are rarely quantified, and generally underemphasize the importance of hydrologic processes, some of which may be detrimental. This paper presents results from an experiment in which the hydrologic and mechanical effects of four riparian tree species and two erosion-control grasses were quantified in relation to bank stability. Geotechnical and pore-water pressure data from streambank plots under three riparian covers (mature trees, clump grasses and bare/cropped turf grass) were used to drive the ARS bank stability model, and the resulting factor of safety (F sub(s)) was broken down into its constituent parts to assess the contribution (beneficial or detrimental) of individual hydrologic and mechanical effects (soil moisture modification, root reinforcement and surcharge). Tree roots were found to increase soil strength by 2-8 kPa depending on species, while grass roots contributed 6-18 kPa. Slope stability analysis based on data collected during bank failures in spring 2000 (following a very dry antecedent period) shows that the mechanical effects of the tree cover increased F sub(s) by 32 per cent, while the hydrologic effects increased F sub(s) by 71 per cent. For grasses the figures were 70 per cent for mechanical effects and a reduction of F sub(s) by 10 per cent for the hydrologic effects. However, analysis based on bank failures in spring 2001 (following a wetter than average antecedent period) showed the mechanical effects of the tree cover to increase F sub(s) by 46 per cent, while hydrologic effects added 29 per cent. For grasses the figures were 49 per cent and -15 per cent respectively. During several periods in spring 2001 the hydrologic effects of the tree cover reduced bank stability, though this was always offset by the stabilizing mechanical effects. The results demonstrate the importance of hydrologic processes in controlling streambank stability, and highlight the need to select riparian vegetation based on hydrologic as well as mechanical and ecological criteria. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Simon, A AU - Collison, AJC AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, asimon@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 527 EP - 546 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18438685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Quantifying+the+mechanical+and+hydrologic+effects+of+riparian+vegetation+on+streambank+stability&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BCollison%2C+AJC&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Geomorphic Responses to Land Use Changes. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of a protective avian inflammatory response: the role of an IL-8-like cytokine in the recruitment of heterophils to the site of organ invasion by Salmonella enteritidis AN - 18436521; 5410361 AB - Increased resistance to Salmonella enteritidis (SE) organ infectivity in chickens can be conferred by the prophylactic administration of SE-immune lymphokines (ILK). Resistance is associated with an enhanced heterophilic accumulation within 4 h of ILK injection. In these studies, the role of IL-8 in ILK-mediated heterophil recruitment during SE infections in young chickens was investigated. Heterophil accumulation was enhanced 2-4 h after the i.p. injection of both ILK and SE (ILK/SE) when compared to the control chicks. An i.p. injection of a rabbit polyclonal anti-human IL-8 antibody significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the accumulation of heterophils in the peritoneum after the injection of ILK/SE. Injections of preimmune rabbit IgG had no effect on peritoneal heterophil numbers. Within 2 h of injection of ILK/SE, a ten-fold increase in heterophil chemotactic activity was found in the peritoneal lavage fluid from these chicks compared to the saline control chicks. Pretreatment, with the anti-IL-8 antibody, of the peritoneal lavage fluids collected from the ILK/SE-treated chicks dramatically reduced this heterophil chemotactic activity. Treatment of the lavage fluids from all groups with preimmune IgG had no effect on heterophil chemotaxis. Additionally, pretreatment of ILK with the anti-human IL-8 antibody had no effect on heterophil chemotaxis. The results from these experiments suggest that IL-8 is produced locally by the host in response to both the SE infection and the ILK. With these studies, it was established that IL-8 is a major chemotactic factor produced by the host, which aids in mediating the ILK/SE-induced recruitment of heterophils to the site of SE invasion. JF - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases AU - Kogut, M H AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2881 F and B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 159 EP - 172 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0147-9571, 0147-9571 KW - chickens KW - heterophils KW - rabbits KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 067735:Interleukins KW - F 06772:Other cells (leukocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, platelets) KW - J 02862:Infection KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - F 06735:Mediators UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18436521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+a+protective+avian+inflammatory+response%3A+the+role+of+an+IL-8-like+cytokine+in+the+recruitment+of+heterophils+to+the+site+of+organ+invasion+by+Salmonella+enteritidis&rft.au=Kogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=01479571&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for a sex pheromone in bark beetle parasitoid Roptrocerus xylophagorum AN - 18433653; 5405236 AB - Male Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) exhibited courtship and mating behaviors including wing fanning, antennation, mounting, and copulation attempts when exposed to glass bulb decoys coated with a whole-body extract of females in hexane, acetone, or methanol. Activity of extract-treated decoys declined gradually over one week. Males responded much less strongly to freeze-killed female cadavers extracted with solvents than to unextracted cadavers; treatment of extracted cadavers with female extract restored male responses. The pheromone was found to be equally present over the surface of both the abdomen and head/thorax of females, and the origin of the pheromone could not be conclusively localized to any single body region. The activity of pheromone on females increased between day 1 and days 3-5 following eclosion; otherwise, pheromone activity was not significantly affected by either female age or mating. Males were arrested within the zone of a glass surface on which females had walked, suggesting that the pheromone might be substrate-borne. Recent exposure to females reduced male responsiveness, but responsiveness was fully restored after a few hours of male isolation from females. When hexane extracts of whole females were fractionated on silica gel, the pheromone's activity was largely recovered with the first, most nonpolar fraction. Female extracts and fractions were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cuticular hydrocarbon alkanes were identified as the extract components whose concentrations correlated best with male responses. Evidence of the pheromone's long persistence, low volatility, low polarity, and presence over the insect's entire body surface further supported the hypothesis that the pheromone was composed of one or more cuticular hydrocarbons. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Sullivan, B T AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, Louisiana 71360, USA, briansullivan@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1045 EP - 1064 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Males KW - Pteromalid wasps KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18433653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+a+sex+pheromone+in+bark+beetle+parasitoid+Roptrocerus+xylophagorum&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The geographic distribution of pubescence in the sea daisy, Borrichia aborescens, on Bahamian Islands AN - 18414698; 5400004 AB - Borrichia aborescens (L.) DC. is a salt-tolerant perennial herb that is common on small islands in the central Bahamas. Two morphotypes are present: one with densely pubescent leaves and one with glabrous leaves. I conducted surveys in three archipelagos to document the geographical distribution of pubescence in this species and to infer the underlying mechanisms. B. aborescens was also grown from seed in a greenhouse. The pubescent form of B. aborescens was relatively more abundant on small islands than on nearby large 'mainland' islands. In two of the three archipelagoes, pubescence increased with distance on small islands. The pubescent form was relatively more abundant on small islands exposed to the open ocean compared to small islands that were protected by mainland islands or reefs on all sides. On a large mainland island, the pubescent form decreased in relative abundance inland from the coast. B. aborescens cultivated in a greenhouse revealed the effect of a genetic factor on the expression of pubescence. The observed patterns of variation are consistent with a physiological explanation for the adaptive benefit of pubescence. Trichomes may prevent physical blockage of the stomata by accumulation of salt in areas near breaking waves and salt spray. JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography AU - Morrison, L W AD - Section of Evolution and Ecology, Division of Biological Sciences, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A., lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 247 EP - 252 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1466-822X, 1466-822X KW - leaf pubescence KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18414698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography&rft.atitle=The+geographic+distribution+of+pubescence+in+the+sea+daisy%2C+Borrichia+aborescens%2C+on+Bahamian+Islands&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography&rft.issn=1466822X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1466-822X.2002.00282.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00282.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wolbachia Infection in the Coffee Berry Borer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) AN - 18413830; 5400500 AB - A nested polymerase chain reaction protocol yielded positive detection of the maternally inherited cytoplasmic proteobacterium Wolbachia in total genomic DNA from coffee berry borers collected in Benin, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, India, Kenya, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Uganda. Wolbachia was not detected in specimens from Cameroon, the Dominican Republic, Indonesia, Jamaica, and Peru. Amplified bands from India and Brazil were cloned and sequenced. The 438-bp sequence clearly conformed to Wolbachia group B and was nearly identical to that of Ephestia kuehniella. The possible implications of Wolbachia infection in the coffee berry borer are discussed. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Vega, F E AU - Benavides, P AU - Stuart, JA AU - O'Neill, S L Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 374 EP - 378 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Bark beetles KW - Beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - cloning KW - infection KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18413830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Wolbachia+Infection+in+the+Coffee+Berry+Borer+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29&rft.au=Vega%2C+F+E%3BBenavides%2C+P%3BStuart%2C+JA%3BO%27Neill%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Vega&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%280374%3AWIITCB%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=95&page=374 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2002)095(0374:WIITCB)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle AN - 18407442; 5400801 AB - Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted to assess the potential of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (Pst) as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle. Silwet L-77, an organosilicone surfactant, was required to facilitate Pst penetration into Canada thistle leaves. Growth chamber experiments indicated that maximum Pst populations inside leaves were obtained with a Silwet L-77 concentration of 0.3% (v/v) or greater. High Pst populations (109 colony-forming units [cfu] per gram fresh weight) were found in leaves 48 h after treatment with 108 or 109 cfu ml-1 Pst plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v). In growth chamber experiments, foliar application of Pst (109 cfu ml-1) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v) on 4- to 5-wk-old Canada thistle reduced shoot dry weight by 52% (measured 14 d after treatment) and chlorophyll content of emerging leaves by 92% (measured 10 d after treatment). In field trials conducted in 1999 and 2000, Pst (109 cfu ml-1) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v) were applied at 700 L ha-1, and the method of application (paint gun, backpack sprayer, boom) and the number of applications (one or two separated by 14 d) were examined. Averaged over 2 yr, two applications with a backpack sprayer resulted in 67% disease incidence (apical chlorosis) of treated plants measured 4 wk after the initial treatment (WAIT). At the time of flower bud formation (8 WAIT), there was little or no disease incidence, 31% reduction in plant height, 81% reduction in number of flower buds, and 20% reduction in shoot survival during 1999 but no effect on survival in 2000. Nomenclature: Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. CIRAR; soybean, Glycine max L. 'Lambert', 'Kato'. JF - Weed Science AU - Gronwald, J W AU - Plaisance, K L AU - Ide, DA AU - Wyse, D L AD - Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN 55108, gronw001@tc.umn.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 397 EP - 404 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Canada thistle KW - Silwet L-77 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01042:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18407442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+tagetis+as+a+biocontrol+agent+for+Canada+thistle&rft.au=Gronwald%2C+J+W%3BPlaisance%2C+K+L%3BIde%2C+DA%3BWyse%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Gronwald&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282002%29050%280397%3AAOPSPT%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2002)050(0397:AOPSPT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The enrichment of a ruminal bacterium (Megasphaera elsdenii YJ-4) that produces the trans -10, cis -12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid AN - 18391194; 5380869 AB - Aims: To isolate predominant ruminal bacteria that produce trans -10, cis -12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from linoleic acid (LA). Methods and Results: Mixed bacteria from ruminal contents of a cow fed grain were enriched with DL-lactate and trypticase. They produced more trans -10, cis -12 CLA than those that were not enriched (7 vs 2 mu g mg protein super(-1) , P < 0.05). Enrichments had an abundance of large cocci that produced trans -10, cis -12 CLA from LA. Strain YJ-4 produced the most trans -10, cis -12 CLA (approx. 7 mu g mg protein super(-1) ) and 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that YJ-4 was a strain of Megasphaera elsdenii. Megasphaera elsdenii T81 produced approx. 4 mu g trans -10, cis -12 CLA mg protein super(-1) while strains B159, AW106 and JL1 produced < 0.5 mu g mg protein super(-1) . The trans -10, cis -12 CLA production of YJ-4 was first order with respect to cell concentration (0-800 mu g protein ml super(-1) ), but kinetics were not first order with respect to substrate concentration. Conclusions: Some M. elsdenii strains produce significant amounts of trans -10, cis -12 CLA. Significance and Impact of the Study: Trans- 10, cis -12 CLA appears to cause milk fat depression in cattle fed diets supplemented with grain and polyunsaturated fatty acids, but predominant ruminal bacteria that produced trans -10, cis -12 CLA from LA had not previously been isolated. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Kim, Y AU - Liu, R AU - Rychlik, J AU - Russell, J AD - Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, Department of Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, NY, USA, jbr8@cornell.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 976 EP - 982 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 92 IS - 5 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - trypticase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18391194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+enrichment+of+a+ruminal+bacterium+%28Megasphaera+elsdenii+YJ-4%29+that+produces+the+trans+-10%2C+cis+-12+isomer+of+conjugated+linoleic+acid&rft.au=Kim%2C+Y%3BLiu%2C+R%3BRychlik%2C+J%3BRussell%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2002.01610.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01610.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Epidemic of Almond Witches'-broom in Lebanon: Classification and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Associated Phytoplasma AN - 18389086; 5377313 AB - An epidemic of almond witches'-broom has devastated almond production in Lebanon. Thousands of almond trees have died over the past 10 years due to the rapid spread of the disease. The symptoms, which include early flowering, stunted growth, leaf rosetting, dieback, off-season growth, proliferation of slender shoots, and witches'-brooms arising mainly from the main trunk and roots, resemble those caused by phytoplasmal infections. For the detection of the putative causal agent, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using universal primers (P1/P7, R16mF2/R16mR1, and R16F2n/R16R2) commonly used for the specific diagnosis of plant pathogenic phytoplasmas. Phytoplasmas were readily detected from infected trees with witches'-broom symptoms collected from three major almond growing regions in Lebanon. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR products amplified by the primer pair R16F2n/R16R2 revealed that the phytoplasma associated with infected almonds is similar to, but distinct from, members of the pigeon pea witches'-broom phytoplasma group (16SrIX). A new subgroup, 16SrIX-B, was designated. Sequencing of the amplified products of the phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene indicated that almond witches'-broom (AlmWB) phytoplasma is most closely related to members of the pigeon pea witches'-broom phytoplasma group (with sequence homology ranging from 98.4 to 99.0%). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences from AlmWB phytoplasma and from representative phytoplasmas from GenBank showed that the AlmWB phytoplasma represents a distinct lineage within the pigeon pea witches'-broom subclade. The same phytoplasma appears also to infect peach and nectarine seedlings. JF - Plant Disease AU - Abou-Jawdah, Y AU - Karakashian, A AU - Sobh, H AU - Martini, M AU - Lee, Ing-Ming AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 477 EP - 484 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18389086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=An+Epidemic+of+Almond+Witches%27-broom+in+Lebanon%3A+Classification+and+Phylogenetic+Relationships+of+the+Associated+Phytoplasma&rft.au=Abou-Jawdah%2C+Y%3BKarakashian%2C+A%3BSobh%2C+H%3BMartini%2C+M%3BLee%2C+Ing-Ming&rft.aulast=Abou-Jawdah&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Model for Probabilistic Assessment of Phytosanitary Risk Reduction Measures AN - 18387659; 5377323 AB - Ideally, a phytosanitary performance standard would be defined as a probabilistic tolerance. For treatments such as solid wood pasteurization, this could be operationalized by stating with a specific degree of confidence that the treatment failure rate for a sentinel pest should be less than a defined level (e.g., X% confidence that the wood heat treatment failure rate for pest Y does not exceed Z%). This article illustrates a probabilistic approach to developing a phytosanitary performance standard, using heat treatment of the wood-inhabiting fungus Postia placenta as an example. The uncertainty about the proportion of wood blocks in which P. placenta survives after treatment is characterized by the Beta distribution, subject to the biological constraint that survival should decrease monotonically with increased time and temperature. Monte Carlo simulation techniques are then used to generate a probabilistic response surface relating proportion survival to treatment time and temperature. This modeling approach relaxes the parametric assumptions associated with traditional statistical methods for fitting response surfaces and is more flexible than conventional methods, resulting in a better fit to the observed data. JF - Plant Disease AU - Powell, M R AD - United States Department of Agriculture Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis, Washington, DC 20250, USA, mpowell@oce.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 552 EP - 557 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - phytosanitation KW - risk reduction KW - standards KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01110:Environmental KW - K 03100:Miscellaneous topics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18387659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+Model+for+Probabilistic+Assessment+of+Phytosanitary+Risk+Reduction+Measures&rft.au=Powell%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Export of invertebrates and detritus from fishless headwater streams in southeastern Alaska: implications for downstream salmonid production AN - 18330404; 5380403 AB - We examined the export of invertebrates (aquatic and terrestrial) and coarse organic detritus from forested headwaters to aquatic habitats downstream in the coastal mountains of southeast Alaska, U.S.A. Fifty-two small streams (mean discharge range: 1.2-3.6 L s super(-1) ), representing a geographic range throughout southeast Alaska, were sampled with 250- mu m nets either seasonally (April, July, September) or every 2 weeks throughout the year. Samples were used to assess the potential subsidy of energy from fishless headwaters to downstream systems containing fish.Invertebrates of aquatic and terrestrial origin were both captured, with aquatic taxa making up 65-92% of the total. Baetidae, Chironomidae and Ostracoda were most numerous of the aquatic taxa (34, 16 and 8%, respectively), although Coleoptera (mostly Amphizoidae) contributed the greatest biomass (30%). Mites (Acarina) were the most numerous terrestrial taxon, while terrestrial Coleoptera accounted for most of the terrestrial invertebrate biomass.Invertebrates and detritus were exported from headwaters throughout the year, averaging 163 mg invertebrate dry mass stream super(-1) day super(-1) and 10.4 g detritus stream super(-1) day super(-1) , respectively. The amount of export was highly variable among streams and seasons (5-6000 individuals stream super(-1) day super(-1) and <1-22 individuals m super(-3) water; <1-286 g detritus stream super(-1) day super(-1) and <0.1-1.7 g detritus m super(-3) water). Delivery of invertebrates from headwaters to habitats with fish was estimated at 0.44 g dry mass m super(-2) year super(-1) . We estimate that every kilometre of salmonid-bearing stream could receive enough energy (prey and detritus) from fishless headwaters to support 100-2000 young-of-the-year (YOY) salmonids. These results illustrate that headwaters are source areas of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates and detritus, linking upland ecosystems with habitats lower in the catchment. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Wipfli AU - Gregovich, D P AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Juneau, AK, U.S.A., mwipfli@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 957 EP - 969 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Salmonids KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Macrofauna KW - Salmonidae KW - Streams KW - Detritus KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18330404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Export+of+invertebrates+and+detritus+from+fishless+headwater+streams+in+southeastern+Alaska%3A+implications+for+downstream+salmonid+production&rft.au=Wipfli%3BGregovich%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Wipfli&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=957&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2427.2002.00826.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonidae; USA, Alaska; Macrofauna; Detritus; Streams DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00826.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccination of Pregnant Dams with Intimin sub(O157) Protects Suckling Piglets from Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection AN - 18296514; 5352077 AB - Cattle are important reservoirs of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 that cause disease in humans. Both dairy and beef cattle are asymptomatically and sporadically infected with EHEC. Our long-term goal is to develop an effective vaccine to prevent cattle from becoming infected and transmitting EHEC O157:H7 to humans. We used passive immunization of neonatal piglets (as a surrogate model) to determine if antibodies against EHEC O157 adhesin (intimin sub(O157)) inhibit EHEC colonization. Pregnant swine (dams) with serum anti-intimin titers of <100 were vaccinated twice with purified intimin sub(O157) or sham-vaccinated with sterile buffer. Intimin sub(O157)-specific antibody titers in colostrum and serum of dams were increased after parenteral vaccination with intimin sub(O157). Neonatal piglets were allowed to suckle vaccinated or sham-vaccinated dams for up to 8 h before they were inoculated with 10 CFU of a Shiga toxin-negative (for humane reasons) strain of EHEC O157:H7. Piglets were necropsied at 2 to 10 days after inoculation, and intestinal samples were collected for determination of bacteriological counts and histopathological analysis. Piglets that ingested colostrum containing intimin sub(O157)-specific antibodies from vaccinated dams, but not those nursing sham-vaccinated dams, were protected from EHEC O157:H7 colonization and intestinal damage. These results establish intimin sub(O157) as a viable candidate for an EHEC O157:H7 antitransmission vaccine. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Gansheroff, L J AU - Mills, M AU - Moon, H W AU - O'Brien, AD AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070., enystrom@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 2414 EP - 2418 VL - 70 IS - 5 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - pigs KW - infection KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Intestine KW - Escherichia coli KW - Vaccines KW - Pregnancy KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18296514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Vaccination+of+Pregnant+Dams+with+Intimin+sub%28O157%29+Protects+Suckling+Piglets+from+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+Infection&rft.au=Dean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BGansheroff%2C+L+J%3BMills%2C+M%3BMoon%2C+H+W%3BO%27Brien%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Dean-Nystrom&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.5.2414-2418.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Vaccines; Pregnancy; Intestine; Colonization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.5.2414-2418.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape-Scale Relationships Between Abundance Of Marbled Murrelets And Distribution Of Nesting Habitat AN - 17309711; 5972281 AB - We used radar to count numbers of Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) flying inland within 10 river drainages on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, during 1998-2000. We tested whether the numbers of murrelets entering drainages could be predicted from the amount and spatial configuration of low-elevation, late-seral forest (potential murrelet nesting habitat) within drainages. The maximal number of murrelet radar targets was positively correlated with the amount of late-seral forest in each of the three years sampled; this relationship persisted in 1999 and 2000 when controlling for drainage size. Murrelet radar counts were not correlated with the combined amounts of harvested, developed, and agricultural lands in any year. Numbers of murrelets increased as the amount of core area of late-seral forest and proximity of patches increased, and decreased with increasing amounts of edge of late-seral patches. Numbers were not correlated with the percent of late-seral forest, patch density, patch size, road density, or the overall diversity of all habitat types within landscapes. Neither the maximal nor the mean number of inbound Marbled Murrelets differed among years; the effect of year was small relative to the effect of habitat on murrelet numbers. Our results suggest that changes in the amount or distribution of nesting habitat should result in detectable changes in murrelet numbers at the scale of individual drainages. Thus, the amount and distribution of nesting habitat may play a role in the regulation of Marbled Murrelet populations, supporting the contention that providing nesting habitat is an effective conservation and restoration technique for this species. Relaciones a Escala del Paisaje entre la Abundancia de Brachyramphus marmoratus y la Distribucion de Habitat de NidificacionOriginal Abstract: Durante 1998-2000 utilizamos radares para contar el numero de individuos de Brachyramphus marmoratus que volaron tierra adentro a lo largo de 10 cuencas de rios que desaguan en la Peninsula Olimpica, Washington, USA. Evaluamos si el numero de individuos de B. marmoratus que entran por las cuencas puede ser predicho por la cantidad y configuracion espacial de bosques de baja elevacion que se encuentran en estadios sucesionales tardios (potencial habitat de nidificacion para estas aves) en cada cuenca. En cada uno de los tres anos, el maximo numero de individuos de B. marmoratus detectados estuvo positivamente correlacionado con la cantidad de bosque sucesional tardio; luego de controlar por el area de las cuencas esta relacion persistio en 1999 y 2000. Durante todos los anos, los conteos de B. marmoratus mediante radares no se correlacionaron con la cantidad combinada de tierras cosechadas, desarrolladas y agricolas. El numero de individuos de B. marmoratus aumento con el area nucleo de bosque sucesional tardio y con el aumento de la proximidad entre parches, y decrecio con el aumento de la cantidad de borde en los parches sucesionales tardios. El numero de aves no se correlaciono con el porcentaje de bosque sucesional tardio, densidad y area de parches, densidad de calles, ni diversidad total de todos los tipos de habitats en el paisaje. Ni el numero maximo ni el promedio de individuos de B. marmoratus que volaron en direccion tierra adentro diferio entre anos; el efecto del ano fue pequeno en comparacion con el efecto del habitat o del numero de aves. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los cambios en la cantidad o distribucion de habitat para la nidificacion deberian resultar en cambios detectables en el numero de individuos de B. marmoratus a la escala individual de cada cuenca. Por lo tanto, la cantidad y distribucion de habitat para nidificacion puede jugar un papel importante en la regulacion de poblaciones de B. marmoratus, lo cual apoya la idea que proveer de habitat para nidificacion es una tecnica efectiva para la conservacion y restauracion de esta especie. JF - Condor AU - Raphael, M G AU - Mack, DE AU - Cooper, BA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd Avenue SW, Olympia, WA 98512-9193 Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 331 EP - 342 PB - Cooper Ornithological Society VL - 104 IS - 2 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q5 01523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Y 25501:General KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q1 01442:Population dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17309711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Landscape-Scale+Relationships+Between+Abundance+Of+Marbled+Murrelets+And+Distribution+Of+Nesting+Habitat&rft.au=Raphael%2C+M+G%3BMack%2C+DE%3BCooper%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Raphael&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0010-5422%282002%291042.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0010-5422&volume=104&page=331 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0010-5422(2002)104<0331:LSRBAO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Raindrop-induced and wind-driven soil particle transport AN - 16132390; 5382250 AB - A wind tunnel study under wind-driven rains was conducted to determine the combined effect of rain and wind on the rainsplash transport process. The rains driven by horizontal wind velocities of 6, 10 and 12 m s super(-1) were applied to three agricultural soils packed into a 20x55-cm soil pan placed at both windward and leeward slopes of 4.0 degree , 8.5 degree and 11.3 degree . Transport rates were measured by trapping the splashed particles at set distances in the upslope and downslope directions, respectively, for windward and leeward slopes. Rainsplash transport under wind-driven rains was adequately described (R super(2)=0.93) by relating the transport rate to the rain impact pressure and wind shear velocity by log-linear regression technique. Average trajectory of a raindrop-induced and wind-driven particle was also adequately predicted by the momentum loss per unit time per unit length of travel (u sub(*) super(2)/g). The travel distance is found to be three times greater than the path of a typical saltating sand grain. JF - Catena AU - Erpul, G AU - Norton, L D AU - Gabriels, D AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 1196 SOIL Bldg., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA, erpul@purdue.edu Y1 - 2002/05/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 01 SP - 227 EP - 243 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Wind transport KW - Regression techniques KW - Driving rain KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Rainfall effects on soil KW - Soil Erosion KW - Soil particles KW - Wind KW - Wind tunnel experiments KW - M2 551.579:Hydrometeorology (551.579) KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - M2 551.577:General Precipitation (551.577) KW - M2 551.556.4:Transport of foreign bodies (pollutants) by wind (wind erosion) (551.556.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16132390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=Raindrop-induced+and+wind-driven+soil+particle+transport&rft.au=Erpul%2C+G%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BGabriels%2C+D&rft.aulast=Erpul&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Regression techniques; Wind transport; Driving rain; Rainfall effects on soil; Soil particles; Wind tunnel experiments; Sediment Transport; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Soil Erosion; Wind ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regioselectivity of New Bacterial Lipases Determined by Hydrolysis of Triolein AN - 1448224321; 18620142 AB - The newly identified lipases of 67 bacterial strains, primarily Bacillus and Pseudomonas, from the ARS Culture Collection have been characterized on the basis of their positional specificity for triglycerides (triolein). Lipase was produced by growing the cultures in tryptone-glucose-yeast extract medium for 24 h at 30 degree C before addition of triglyceride. The lipase was allowed to act on the triglyceride for 3 days before analysis by thin-layer chromatography. Of the bacterial lipases tested, 55 displayed random specificity, 9 were 1,3-specific, and 3 showed no apparent lipase activity under these conditions. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Lanser, Alan C AU - Manthey, Linda K AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA,, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA, US Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 336 EP - 340 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Culture collections KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Bacillus KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448224321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Regioselectivity+of+New+Bacterial+Lipases+Determined+by+Hydrolysis+of+Triolein&rft.au=Lanser%2C+Alan+C%3BManthey%2C+Linda+K%3BHou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Lanser&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-001-0019-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triacylglycerol lipase; Bacillus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-001-0019-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing the Distribution of Macronutrient Intake among U.S. Adults: A Quantile Regression Approach AN - 1038614147; 17020567 AB - Since the risk of dietary inadequacy or excess is greater at the tails of the nutrient intake distributions than at the mean, marginal effects of explanatory variables estimated at the conditional mean using ordinary least squares may be of limited value in characterizing these distributions. Quantile regression is effective in this situation since it can estimate conditional functions at any part of the distribution. Quantile regression results suggest that age, education, and income have a larger influence at intake levels where the risk of excess is greater compared with intake levels where the risk of excess is lower. JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Variyam, Jayachandran N AU - Blaylock, James AU - Smallwood, David AD - Economic Research Service, USDA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 454 EP - 466 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Age KW - Diets KW - USA KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038614147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Characterizing+the+Distribution+of+Macronutrient+Intake+among+U.S.+Adults%3A+A+Quantile+Regression+Approach&rft.au=Variyam%2C+Jayachandran+N%3BBlaylock%2C+James%3BSmallwood%2C+David&rft.aulast=Variyam&rft.aufirst=Jayachandran&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00029092&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F1467-8276.00310 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8276.00310 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large-scale management experiments in the moist maritime forests of the Pacific Northwest AN - 18433786; 5418002 AB - Several large, integrated forest management experiments have been initiated in the Pacific Northwest this past decade, partially in response to contentious resource management debates. Their goal is to use alternative silviculture treatments to enhance wildlife habitat, biodiversity, or the conservation of aquatic resources in a manner that is socially acceptable. Seven of these large-scale multi-resource silvicultural experiments are examined and evaluated, in light of previous experience with large-scale experiments. All seven employ randomized block designs with replicated treatment units large and practical enough to be commercially operational (most treatment units are 13-20 ha). Because the large-scale context is designed into these experiments, results can be directly interpreted at the scale of management that produced the manipulation, eliminating a change-of-scale bias common in smaller management experiments. The considerable advantages of large, operational treatments are accompanied by their own problems, however. Because of the great expense ( similar to US$ 10 super(6)/block) and size (50-200 ha) of the experimental blocks, sample size is small (n < 7 blocks) on all but one experiment. This means that statistical power (the probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis) will be weak across blocks. With few replicates and high variability both within and among these large-scale treatments, investigators face the possibility that differences might only be detectable at untraditionally high significance levels. A second problem with large-scale experiments is pseudoreplication (lack of independence across replicates), which results in the strength of the experimental evidence being overstated. This is a concern for three of the experiments because their blocks are located in relatively small geographic areas. Meta-analysis (a joint hypothesis test across experiments) is proposed as an effective way to increase sample size--and, therefore, power--while accounting for the different degrees of variation across studies. Looking for commonality, all seven studies are examining the effect of alternative silvicultural on both wildlife habitat and biodiversity. A test of a common hypothesis about ecosystem management would greatly increase not only the power of the test but the return on investment from these rather expensive experiments. In addition to small sample sizes, large variability, and pseudoreplication, other problems common to large-scale experiments are evident. Forest growth experiments are inherently long-term because they are dominated by slow processes with strong transient dynamics. Investigators are faced with institutional and academic demands for short-term results that not only are publishable but also can justify the large investments. The realities of the timber-sale process delayed or eliminated several blocks on at least three of the experiments. Randomization becomes a serious concern for the forest manager, because a clearcut or heavy removal treatment could be assigned to a highly visible location that might be socially unacceptable. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Monserud, R A AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208-3890, USA, rmonserud@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/04/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 30 SP - 159 EP - 180 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18433786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Large-scale+management+experiments+in+the+moist+maritime+forests+of+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Monserud%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Monserud&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-30&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of extrusion temperature and dwell time on aflatoxin levels in cottonseed. AN - 71615179; 11958621 AB - Cottonseed is an economical source of protein and is commonly used in balancing livestock rations; however, its use is typically limited by protein, fat, gossypol, and aflatoxin contents. Whole cottonseed was extruded to determine if the temperature and dwell time (multiple stages of processing) associated with the process affected aflatoxin levels. The extrusion temperature study showed that aflatoxin levels were reduced by an additional 33% when the cottonseed was extruded at 160 degrees C as compared to 104 degrees C. Furthermore, the multiple-pass extrusion study indicated that aflatoxin levels were reduced by an additional 55% when the cottonseed was extruded four times as compared to one time. To estimate the aflatoxin reductions due to extrusion temperature and dwell time, the least mean fits obtained for the individual studies were combined. Total estimated reductions of 55% (three stages of processing at 104 degrees C), 50% (two stages of processing at 132 degrees C), and 47% (one stage of processing at 160 degrees C) were obtained from the combined equations. If the extreme conditions (four stages of processing at 160 degrees C) of the evaluation studies are applied to the combined temperature and processing equation, the resulting aflatoxin reduction would be 76%. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Buser, Michael D AU - Abbas, Hamed K AD - Cotton Ginning Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 111 Experiment Station Road, P.O. Box 256, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. mbuser@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04/24/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 24 SP - 2556 EP - 2559 VL - 50 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Cottonseed Oil KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Animal Feed KW - Cottonseed Oil -- chemistry KW - Temperature KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71615179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+extrusion+temperature+and+dwell+time+on+aflatoxin+levels+in+cottonseed.&rft.au=Buser%2C+Michael+D%3BAbbas%2C+Hamed+K&rft.aulast=Buser&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2002-04-24&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of environmental conditions on the permeability of high density polyethylene film to fumigant vapors. AN - 71653000; 11993884 AB - Soil fumigation in greenhouses or agricultural fields often includes tarping the soil surface with polyethylene (PE) films to contain the fumigant in the soil and reduce emissions to the atmosphere. Previous research has demonstrated that PE films are permeable to methyl bromide and other fumigant compounds. In these experiments, the effect of temperature, fumigant mixtures, condensed water, and field aging on the permeability of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was determined. Mass transfer coefficients (h, a measure of permeability) of the fumigants methyl bromide, 1,3-dichloropropene, propargyl bromide, and chloropicrin across HDPE films were determined. In these studies, temperature and HDPE film type had the largest impact on the h of fumigant compounds across HDPE films. Other factors investigated, including fumigant mixtures, condensed water on the film, and field aging of UV-stabilized film, did not have a significant impact on h. The results of these experiments suggest that the permeability of an intact piece of an agricultural film will increase with increasing temperature but is relatively constant despite changes in other environmental conditions. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Papiernik, Sharon K AU - Yates, Scott R AD - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, California 92507-4617, USA. spapiernik@ussl.ars.usdo.gov Y1 - 2002/04/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 15 SP - 1833 EP - 1838 VL - 36 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Polyethylene KW - 9002-88-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Permeability KW - Temperature KW - Volatilization KW - Time Factors KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Polyethylene -- chemistry KW - Fumigation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71653000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+environmental+conditions+on+the+permeability+of+high+density+polyethylene+film+to+fumigant+vapors.&rft.au=Papiernik%2C+Sharon+K%3BYates%2C+Scott+R&rft.aulast=Papiernik&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.date=2002-04-15&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of partial cutting on stand structure and growth of western hemlock-Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska AN - 18299036; 5339943 AB - The effects of partial cutting on species composition, new and residual-tree cohorts, tree size distribution, and tree growth was evaluated on 73 plots in 18 stands throughout southeast Alaska. These partially cut stands were harvested 12-96 years ago, when 16-96% of the former stand basal area was removed. Partial cutting maintained stand structures similar to uncut old-growth stands, and the cutting had no significant effects on tree species composition. The establishment of new-tree cohorts was positively related to the proportion of basal-area cut. The current stand basal area, tree species composition, and stand growth were significantly related to trees left after harvest (p<0.001) . Trees that were 20-80 cm dbh at the time of cutting had the greatest tree-diameter and basal-area growth and contributed the most to stand growth. Diameter growth of Sitka spruce and western hemlock was similar, and the proportion of stand basal-area growth between species was consistent for different cutting intensities. Concerns about changing tree species composition, lack of spruce regeneration, and greatly reduced stand growth and vigor with partial cuts were largely unsubstantiated. Silvicultural systems based on partial cutting can provide rapidly growing trees for timber production while maintaining complex stand structures with mixtures of spruce and hemlock trees similar to old-growth stands. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Deal, R L AU - Tappeiner, J C AD - USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Lane, 99801 Juneau, AK USA Y1 - 2002/04/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 15 SP - 173 EP - 186 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 159 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Pacific hemlock KW - West coast hemlock KW - Western hemlock KW - Sitka spruce KW - Coast spruce KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Forest management KW - Growth KW - Cutting KW - Stand structure KW - Species composition KW - Picea sitchensis KW - Tsuga heterophylla KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18299036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+partial+cutting+on+stand+structure+and+growth+of+western+hemlock-Sitka+spruce+stands+in+southeast+Alaska&rft.au=Deal%2C+R+L%3BTappeiner%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Deal&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-15&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tsuga heterophylla; Picea sitchensis; USA, Alaska; Cutting; Stand structure; Growth; Species composition; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of nutrient and water availability on carbohydrate storage in loblolly pine AN - 18293165; 5339950 AB - We quantified the effects of nutrient and water availability on monthly whole-tree carbohydrate budgets and determined allocation patterns of storage carbohydrates in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) to test site resource impacts on internal carbon (C) storage. A factorial combination of two nutrient and two irrigation treatments were imposed on a 7-year-old loblolly pine stand in the Sandhills of North Carolina. Monthly collections of foliage, branch, stem, bark, and root tissues were made and total non-structural carbohydrate analyses were performed on samples collected in years 3 and 4 after treatment initiation. Seasonal fluxes of carbohydrates reflected the hypothesized use and storage patterns. Starch concentrations peaked in the spring in all tissues measured; however, minimum concentrations in aboveground tissue occurred in late winter while minimum concentrations in below ground tissue occurred in late fall. Increased nutrient availability generally decreased starch concentrations in current year tissue, while increasing starch in 1-year-old woody tissue. Irrigation treatments did not significantly impact carbohydrate flux. The greatest capacity for starch storage was in below ground tissue, accounting for as much as 400 kg C/ha per year, and more than 65% of the total stored starch C pool. The absolute amount of C stored as starch was significantly increased with increased nutrient availability, however, its relative contribution to the total annual C budget was not changed. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Ludovici, KH AU - Allen, H L AU - Albaugh, T J AU - Dougherty, P M AD - USDA Forest Service, 3041 Cornwallis Road, 27709 Research Triangle Park, NC USA Y1 - 2002/04/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 15 SP - 261 EP - 270 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 159 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Loblolly pine KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Pinus taeda KW - Nutrient availability KW - Pine Trees KW - Available Water KW - Nutrients KW - Carbohydrates KW - Forest Management KW - Water availability KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18293165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+nutrient+and+water+availability+on+carbohydrate+storage+in+loblolly+pine&rft.au=Ludovici%2C+KH%3BAllen%2C+H+L%3BAlbaugh%2C+T+J%3BDougherty%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Ludovici&rft.aufirst=KH&rft.date=2002-04-15&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Nutrient availability; Carbohydrates; Water availability; Available Water; Pine Trees; Nutrients; Forest Management; Pinus taeda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal Insulation Properties of Biodegradable, Cellulosic-Based Nonwoven Composites for Automotive Application AN - 746273664; 12603574 AB - Moldable, cellulosic-based nonwoven composites with excellent thermal insulation properties were fabricated from kenaf, jute, flax, and waste cotton using recycled polyester and substandard polypropylene. The composites of these fibers have excellent shape stability and high tensile and flexural properties coupled with economic and environmental benefits. Four different designs incorporating different cellulosic fibers, manufacturing techniques and various ratios of vegetable-synthetic fibers were manufactured on laboratory-scale equipment. A Steady-State Heat Flow meter was used for measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal transmittance of samples of composites. The data show that thermal insulation properties of the cellulosic-based nonwoven composites vary significantly, depending on the type of the cellulosic fibers, the ratio of cellulosic fibers to synthetic fibers, and the resulting density of the composite. JF - Journal of Industrial Textiles AU - Yachmenev, V G AU - Parikh, D V AU - Calamari, T A AD - Southern Regional Research Center USDA, New Orleans, LA, USA, yachmene@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 283 EP - 296 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 1528-0837, 1528-0837 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - nonwovens KW - kenaf KW - jute KW - flax KW - cotton KW - polyester KW - polypropylene KW - recycled fibers KW - thermal insulation KW - Fibers KW - polyesters KW - Data processing KW - Cotton KW - Heat KW - Textiles KW - Economics KW - Wastes KW - Biodegradability KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746273664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Textiles&rft.atitle=Thermal+Insulation+Properties+of+Biodegradable%2C+Cellulosic-Based+Nonwoven+Composites+for+Automotive+Application&rft.au=Yachmenev%2C+V+G%3BParikh%2C+D+V%3BCalamari%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Yachmenev&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Textiles&rft.issn=15280837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1106%2F152808302029087 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibers; polyesters; Cotton; Data processing; Textiles; Heat; Economics; Wastes; polypropylene; Biodegradability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/152808302029087 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of drinking water chlorination on Campylobacter spp. colonization of broilers. AN - 71809250; 12061650 AB - The main source for Campylobacter spp. transmission from the environment to broiler chickens is still unclear. One implicated reservoir for the organism has been untreated broiler drinking water. This study was conducted with broilers first using experimental conditions (isolation units) and second under commercial conditions. We compared the rate of intestinal colonization in chickens provided 2 to 5 parts per million (ppm) chlorinated drinking water in relation to the frequency of colonization in chickens given unsupplemented drinking water. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was detected in isolation frequency or level of Campylobacter spp. colonization in birds provided chlorinated drinking water and control birds provided water without supplemental chlorine. In the isolation unit experiments, 86.3% (69/80) of the control and 85.0% (68/80) of the treated birds were colonized at levels corresponding to an average of 10(5.2) and 10(5.1) log colony-forming units (cfu) Campylobacter spp./g of cecal contents, respectively. Additionally, two sets of paired 20,000 bird broiler houses, with and without chlorination (2-5 ppm chlorine), were monitored in a commercial field trial. Effectiveness of chlorination was judged by prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in fecal droppings (960 samples) taken from the flocks in treated and control houses. Birds from the control houses were 35.5% (175/493) Campylobacter spp. positive, while 45.8% (214/467) of the samples from the houses having chlorinated drinking water yielded the organism. Chlorination of flock drinking water at the levels tested in this study was not effective in decreasing colonization by Campylobacter spp. under commercial production practices presently used in the United States. JF - Avian diseases AU - Stern, N J AU - Robach, M C AU - Cox, N A AU - Musgrove, M T AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 401 EP - 404 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Drinking KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- veterinary KW - Water Microbiology KW - Cecum -- microbiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Chickens KW - Campylobacter -- growth & development KW - Campylobacter Infections -- veterinary KW - Campylobacter Infections -- microbiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- microbiology KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71809250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+drinking+water+chlorination+on+Campylobacter+spp.+colonization+of+broilers.&rft.au=Stern%2C+N+J%3BRobach%2C+M+C%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CAY-I, a fungicidal saponin from Capsicum sp. fruit. AN - 71809151; 12058725 AB - Saponins are steroidal or terpenoid-based glycosides with surface active properties. A steroidal saponin, CAY-1, with a molecular weight of 1243.35 Da, was isolated and purified to homogeneity from commercially available dry, ground fruit of Capsicum frutescens. CAY-1 was shown to be a potent fungicide for the germinating conidia of Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. parasiticus and A. niger with species-dependent LD90 values between 3 and 20 microM. Activity against some Aspergillus species was affected by the test medium used. In vitro assays, CAY-1 was effective against Pneumocystis carinii (IC50): 9.5 microM) and Candida albicans (IC90: 6.2 microM). CAY-1 had no effect on the viability of the nongerminating conidia of the two filamentous fungi, P. carinii and C. albicans, nor on the conidial type of Fusarium oxysporum. It was ineffective against the bacteria Enterobacter agglomerans, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. CAY-1 was not cytotoxic to A 549 lung carcinoma cells or HeLa cells at effective fungicidal concentrations. The results indicate that CAY-1 is an effective fungicide for Aspergillus species, C. albicans and P. carinii at concentrations below the threshold for mammalian cell toxicity. JF - Medical mycology AU - De Lucca, A J AU - Bland, J M AU - Vigo, C B AU - Cushion, M AU - Selitrennikoff, C P AU - Peter, J AU - Walsh, T J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. adelucca@commserver.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 131 EP - 137 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1369-3786, 1369-3786 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - CAY-I KW - Saponins KW - Steroids KW - Index Medicus KW - HeLa Cells KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Aspergillus -- drug effects KW - Capsicum -- chemistry KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Steroids -- isolation & purification KW - Steroids -- pharmacology KW - Saponins -- pharmacology KW - Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Saponins -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71809151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+mycology&rft.atitle=CAY-I%2C+a+fungicidal+saponin+from+Capsicum+sp.+fruit.&rft.au=De+Lucca%2C+A+J%3BBland%2C+J+M%3BVigo%2C+C+B%3BCushion%2C+M%3BSelitrennikoff%2C+C+P%3BPeter%2C+J%3BWalsh%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=De+Lucca&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+mycology&rft.issn=13693786&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in ovarian function in mature beef cows grazing endophyte infected tall fescue. AN - 71737147; 12035982 AB - The objective was to examine follicular and luteal development and function in mature, lactating beef cows grazing endophyte free (E-) or endophyte infected (E+) tall fescue during the early postpartum period. Angus, Hereford, and Angus x Hereford cows were exposed to pasture for 37-39 days before synchronized estrus. Serum concentrations of prolactin were evaluated during the luteal phase before the synchronized estrus. Every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for one estrous cycle ovaries were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography and blood was collected for determination of serum concentrations of progesterone and estradiol in cows that responded to synchronization. Signs of fescue toxicosis in E+ cows included decreased serum concentrations of prolactin (84.9+/-13.6 pg/ml versus 32.3+/-12.0 pg/ml; P 10 mm) follicles were similar (P > 0.05) between treatments, but number of class 2 (6-9 mm) follicles was reduced in E+ cows for most of the cycle (days 10 through 20; P 0.05) among treatment groups. Even though follicular dynamics (diameter of the largest follicle and number of class 2 follicles) were altered in cows grazing E+ tall fescue, follicular function was apparently not affected by ergot alkaloids. JF - Theriogenology AU - Burke, J M AU - Rorie, R W AD - Southern Plains Area-Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA-ARS, Booneville, AR 72927-9214, USA. jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 01 SP - 1733 EP - 1742 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0093-691X, 0093-691X KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Estrous Cycle KW - Animals KW - Prolactin -- blood KW - Estradiol -- blood KW - Corpus Luteum -- anatomy & histology KW - Seasons KW - Weaning KW - Estrus Synchronization KW - Postpartum Period KW - Progesterone -- blood KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cattle -- physiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Acremonium KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Ovary -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71737147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theriogenology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+ovarian+function+in+mature+beef+cows+grazing+endophyte+infected+tall+fescue.&rft.au=Burke%2C+J+M%3BRorie%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theriogenology&rft.issn=0093691X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of locoweed toxin swainsonine in populations of Oxytropis lambertii. AN - 71721927; 12035920 AB - Oxytropis lambertii has been considered to be one of the major locoweeds responsible for livestock poisoning on rangelands, but there has been much confusion as to its taxonomic identity. The objective of this study was to conduct a field survey of several populations of each of the three varieties [var. lambertii Pursh; var higelovii A. Gray; var. articulata (E. Greene) Barneby] to document the presence or absence of the locoweed toxin, swainsonine. Swainsonine was found at detectable levels (>0.001% dry weight) in only five populations of var. higelovii in the southwest portion of its distribution in southern Utah, Arizona, and southwestern New Mexico, USA. No swainsonine was detected in populations in the northeast areas of its distribution (eastern Utah, Colorado, northeastern New Mexico, USA). The other varieties, articulata and lambertii, also did not contain swainsonine. It is suspected that a plant fungal endophyte may be responsible for the high variability in swainsonine content in populations of O. lambertii. JF - Journal of chemical ecology AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Welsh, S L AU - Gardner, D R AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. mralphs@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 701 EP - 707 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - Swainsonine KW - RSY4RK37KQ KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Random Allocation KW - Plant Extracts -- isolation & purification KW - Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Plant Extracts -- analysis KW - Swainsonine -- analysis KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry KW - Swainsonine -- isolation & purification KW - Fabaceae -- classification KW - Plants, Toxic -- metabolism KW - Fabaceae -- metabolism KW - Fabaceae -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71721927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chemical+ecology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+locoweed+toxin+swainsonine+in+populations+of+Oxytropis+lambertii.&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BWelsh%2C+S+L%3BGardner%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=701&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chemical+ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of virus concentration and ultraviolet irradiation on the activity of corn earworm and beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) nucleopolyhedroviruses. AN - 71703446; 12019996 AB - Laboratory studies were initiated to determine the relationship between virus concentration and radiation-caused inactivation of NPVs from Helicoverpa zea (HzSNPV) and Spodoptera exigua (SeMNPV). In the laboratory, a UV-B/UV-A system was used for inactivation studies. For both viruses inactivation was dependent upon both length of UV exposure and virus concentration. At all virus concentrations HzSNPV was more sensitive to UV than SeMNPV. In the field HzSNPV was used and virus persistence was significantly affected by virus concentration (i.e., inactivation was inversely related to virus concentration). JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Shapiro, Martin AU - Farrar, Robert R AU - Domek, John AU - Javaid, Iqbal AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Henry A. Wallace Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. shapirom@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 243 EP - 249 VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Animals KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- radiation effects KW - Spodoptera -- virology KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- physiology KW - Moths -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71703446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+virus+concentration+and+ultraviolet+irradiation+on+the+activity+of+corn+earworm+and+beet+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+nucleopolyhedroviruses.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Martin%3BFarrar%2C+Robert+R%3BDomek%2C+John%3BJavaid%2C+Iqbal&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of the Salmonella enteritidis risk assessment for shell eggs and egg products. AN - 71702392; 12022671 AB - This article summarizes a quantitative microbial risk assessment designed to characterize the public health impact of consumption of shell eggs and egg products contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). This risk assessment's objectives were to: (1) establish the baseline risk of foodborne illness from SE, (2) identify and evaluate potential risk mitigation strategies, and (3) identify data gaps related to future research efforts. The risk assessment model has five modules. The Egg Production module estimates the number of eggs produced that are SE-contaminated. Shell Egg Processing, Egg Products Processing, and Preparation & Consumption modules estimate the increase or decrease in the numbers of SE organisms in eggs or egg products as they pass through storage, transportation, processing, and preparation. A Public Health Outcomes module then calculates the incidence of illnesses and four clinical outcomes, as well as the cases of reactive arthritis associated with SE infection following consumption. The baseline model estimates an average production of 2.3 million SE-contaminated shell eggs/year of the estimated 69 billion produced annually and predicts an average of 661,633, human illnesses per year from consumption of these eggs. The model estimates approximately 94% of these cases recover without medical care, 5% visit a physician, an additional 0.5% are hospitalized, and 0.05% result in death. The contribution of SE from commercially pasteurized egg products was estimated to be negligible. Five mitigation scenarios were selected for comparison of their individual and combined effects on the number of human illnesses. Results suggest that mitigation in only one segment of the farm-to-table continuum will be less effective than several applied in different segments. Key data gaps and areas for future research include the epidemiology of SE on farms, the bacteriology of SE in eggs, human behavior in food handling and preparation, and human responses to SE exposure. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Hope, B K AU - Baker, R AU - Edel, E D AU - Hogue, A T AU - Schlosser, W D AU - Whiting, R AU - McDowell, R M AU - Morales, R A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC, USA. hope.bruce@deq.state.or.us Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 203 EP - 218 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Computer Simulation KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Software Design KW - Risk Assessment KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71702392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+the+Salmonella+enteritidis+risk+assessment+for+shell+eggs+and+egg+products.&rft.au=Hope%2C+B+K%3BBaker%2C+R%3BEdel%2C+E+D%3BHogue%2C+A+T%3BSchlosser%2C+W+D%3BWhiting%2C+R%3BMcDowell%2C+R+M%3BMorales%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Hope&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of anion and cation inhibitors and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors upon the activity of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleo-polyhedrovirus. AN - 71701802; 12019995 AB - Twenty chemicals that were reported to act as anion transport inhibitors, cation transport inhibitors, and inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase activity were tested at a 1% concentration (wt:wt) for their effects upon the biological activity of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV). Among the five anion transport inhibitors tested, flufenamic acid acted as a viral enhancer. None of the seven inhibitors of K+ enhanced viral activity and three (4-aminopyridine, diacetyl, and procaine) significantly reduced the activity of LdMNPV. All four Na+ transport inhibitors (abietic acid, amiloride, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, triamterene) acted as viral enhancers. Triamterene was the most active enhancer, as the LC50 was reduced by approximately 1,750-fold. Five carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were tested and four (acetazolamide, hydrochlorothiazide, methazolamide, sulfanilamide) enhanced the activity of LdMNPV. Acetazolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor), amiloride (a Na+ transport inhibitor), and flufenamic acid (an anion transport inhibitor) were tested singly and in different combinations. Every combination tested (acetazolamide/amiloride, acetazolamide/flufenamic acid, amiloride/flufenamic acid, acetazolamide/amiloride/flufenamic acid) significantly decreased the LC50 from 7.79 PIB/mm2 to a value as low as 0.008 PIB/mm2 (amiloride/flufenamic acid). JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Shapiro, Martin AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, MD 20705, USA. shapirom@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 237 EP - 242 VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Anions KW - 0 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors KW - Cations KW - Ion Pumps KW - Potassium Channel Blockers KW - Sodium Channel Blockers KW - Flufenamic Acid KW - 60GCX7Y6BH KW - Amiloride KW - 7DZO8EB0Z3 KW - Acetazolamide KW - O3FX965V0I KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sodium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Potassium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Acetazolamide -- pharmacology KW - Amiloride -- pharmacology KW - Flufenamic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Ion Pumps -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Antiviral Agents -- pharmacology KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- physiology KW - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- drug effects KW - Moths -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71701802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+anion+and+cation+inhibitors+and+carbonic+anhydrase+inhibitors+upon+the+activity+of+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+nucleo-polyhedrovirus.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Martin&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of antifungal agents on biological fitness of Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae). AN - 71697410; 12019998 AB - Artificial diets have become important components of rearing systems for insects that are used for research purposes and in commercial production. Because the rearing conditions for insects also provide ideal settings for mold growth, antifungal additives are often used to reduce diet contamination. However, the antifungal agents must not only be effective in mold suppression, they must also be safe to the target insects of the rearing programs. The toxicity of five commonly used antifungal agents (benzoic acid, formalin, methyl paraben, propionic acid, and sorbic acid) was tested using diet bioassays on Lygus hesperus Knight, and the effect on biological fitness was measured. Biological fitness was defined as total number of survivors, mean biomass (dry weight) accumulated per cage over the total treatment period, egg production, time to adult emergence, and time to start of egg laying. Methyl paraben and formalin were found to have significant negative effects on these measurements of biological fitness. Challenge tests to determine the ability of the antifungal agents to suppress mold growth when inoculated into the diet medium are currently in progress. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Alverson, Janet AU - Cohen, Allen C AD - Biological Control and Mass Rearing Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State 39762, USA. janalverson@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 256 EP - 260 VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Parabens KW - Propionates KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Benzoic Acid KW - 8SKN0B0MIM KW - methylparaben KW - A2I8C7HI9T KW - propionic acid KW - JHU490RVYR KW - Sorbic Acid KW - X045WJ989B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Oviposition -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Formaldehyde -- pharmacology KW - Heteroptera -- drug effects KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Heteroptera -- growth & development KW - Parabens -- pharmacology KW - Propionates -- pharmacology KW - Sorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Benzoic Acid -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71697410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+antifungal+agents+on+biological+fitness+of+Lygus+hesperus+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29.&rft.au=Alverson%2C+Janet%3BCohen%2C+Allen+C&rft.aulast=Alverson&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insecticide susceptibility and detoxication enzyme activities among Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki workers sampled from different locations in New Orleans. AN - 71625580; 11976062 AB - Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki worker termites were sampled from 20 locations in the City Park area of New Orleans, LA. The termites were subsequently assayed to determine their susceptibility to cypermethrin, chlordane and chlorpyrifos, and detoxication enzyme activity. Cypermethrin was most toxic against Formosan subterranean termite workers, chlorpyrifos exhibited intermediate toxicity and chlordane was least toxic. A comparison of insecticide susceptibility between the most and least tolerant colonies revealed 1.9-, 1.7- and 1.8-fold differences in susceptibility for cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and chlordane, respectively. As with the bioassay data, although significant differences were noted, a great deal of overlap was observed among the colonies for total cytochrome P450 content (difference of 2.2-fold between high and low value) aldrin epoxidation (3.6-fold) and cytosolic esterase (3.9-fold) activity. No significant differences were observed among the colonies for methoxyresorufin O-demethylase or glutathione S-transferase activity. Conversely, microsomal esterase activity varied greatly; a 38-fold difference was observed between the most (Cf1776) and least (Cf1387) active colonies. However, no significant correlation was observed between insecticide susceptibility and microsomal esterase activity. In fact, no significant correlations were observed between any of the enzyme activities measured and insecticide susceptibility. These results are discussed in the context of insecticide selection and future control effectiveness. JF - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP AU - Valles, Steven M AU - Woodson, W David AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. svalles@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 469 EP - 476 VL - 131 IS - 4 SN - 1532-0456, 1532-0456 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Chlordan KW - 12789-03-6 KW - cypermethrin KW - 1TR49121NP KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Esterases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Chlordan -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Esterases -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Biological Assay KW - Drug Resistance KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology KW - Chlorpyrifos -- pharmacology KW - Isoptera -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Isoptera -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71625580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Toxicology+%26+pharmacology+%3A+CBP&rft.atitle=Insecticide+susceptibility+and+detoxication+enzyme+activities+among+Coptotermes+formosanus+Shiraki+workers+sampled+from+different+locations+in+New+Orleans.&rft.au=Valles%2C+Steven+M%3BWoodson%2C+W+David&rft.aulast=Valles&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Toxicology+%26+pharmacology+%3A+CBP&rft.issn=15320456&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An index technique to monitor broadcast calibration and bait pick up, plus rodent and avian sign under arid conditions. AN - 71619850; 11975187 AB - As part of product-performance and wildlife-hazards studies of 2% zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) steam-rolled-oat baits (11.2 kg ha-1) to reduce vole populations (Microtus spp) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), we used randomly located, brushed-dirt plots (eight approximately 930-cm2 plots per 0.2-ha enclosure) to monitor bait-broadcast and -removal patterns, as well as to index vole and avian sign. Research was conducted in 18 x 0.2-ha enclosures containing 2.5-year-old stands of alfalfa; a 2-day pre-bait (placebo baits broadcast in all enclosures) period followed by a 14-day test-bait period (placebo and 2% Zn3P2 baits in nine enclosures each) characterized the bait exposures. Baits were broadcast manually by two certified pesticide applicators (CPAs) using Spyker Model-75 spreaders. Baits that fell onto plots were counted < 30 min later to assess the uniformity of bait distribution. The main statistical design was a 2 (placebo or Zn3P2 baits) x 3 (vole-only, vole-pheasant, vole-quail exposures) x 14 (days) factorial, with days considered repeated measurements. In the six vole-only enclosures, baits were removed from the brushed-dirt plots and replaced with four 0% or 2% Zn3P2 baits (one per 232.6-cm2 quadrant; 32 per enclosure); these 'placed' baits were then monitored daily for removal, while the surfaces of all plots were monitored daily for the presence:absence of animal/bird sign. Key results were: (a) 3.51 (+/- 2.66) and 3.39 (+/- 3.52) mean (+/- SD) baits were found on plots after pre-bait and test-bait broadcasts, respectively--less than the predicted 4.52 particles per 930-cm2 plot; (b) baits 'placed' on plots in placebo-baited enclosures were removed earlier than those in Zn3P2-baited enclosures--data in agreement with observed vole mortality; and (c) species x bait interactions occurred for both the vole- and pheasant-sign counts, but not quail-sign counts--data also indirectly confirming Zn3P2-induced mortality effects on voles and pheasants. This technique has utility for a variety of wildlife biology and chemical registration studies; although limited to arid conditions, the technique affords useful indices of broadcast calibration, bait pick-up, as well as target and non-target species mortality. JF - Pest management science AU - Sterner, Ray T AU - Ramey, Craig A AD - USDA/APHIS/WS, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA. ray.t.sterner@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 385 EP - 391 VL - 58 IS - 4 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Phosphines KW - 0 KW - Rodenticides KW - Zinc Compounds KW - zinc phosphide KW - 813396S1PC KW - Index Medicus KW - Rodent Control -- statistics & numerical data KW - Animals KW - Desert Climate KW - Arvicolinae -- physiology KW - Quail -- physiology KW - Rodent Control -- methods KW - Rodentia -- physiology KW - Animals, Wild -- physiology KW - Rodenticides -- toxicity KW - Zinc Compounds -- toxicity KW - Phosphines -- toxicity KW - Birds -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71619850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=An+index+technique+to+monitor+broadcast+calibration+and+bait+pick+up%2C+plus+rodent+and+avian+sign+under+arid+conditions.&rft.au=Sterner%2C+Ray+T%3BRamey%2C+Craig+A&rft.aulast=Sterner&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluorescence polarization as a tool for the determination of deoxynivalenol in wheat. AN - 71613601; 11962698 AB - The mould Fusarium graminearum is found worldwide as a pathogen of cereal grains, in particular of wheat and maize, and it produces a mycotoxin known as deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin). Each year, the presence of this compound and related trichothecenes causes substantial losses to agricultural productivity. Rapid methods for the measurement of the toxin in grains are required to monitor and divert effectively contaminated grain from the food supply. A fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay using a previously described monoclonal antibody for DON was developed. The assay was based on the competition of unlabeled DON from a sample with a fluorescently tagged DON, DON-fluorescein (DON-FL), for a DON-specific monoclonal antibody in solution. The FP of the tagged DON was increased upon binding with the antibody. In the presence of free toxin, less of the DON-FL was bound and the polarization signal was decreased. The assays were very simple to perform, requiring only mixing of an aqueous extract of wheat with the DON-FL and antibody. The sensitivity of the assay was strongly dependent upon the time between mixing of the sample with the tracer and measurement of the fluorescence polarization, with midpoints for the competition curves ranging from 0.03 microg ml(-1) with a 15-s incubation to >1 microg ml(-1) with a 12-min incubation. Samples of wheat naturally contaminated with DON were evaluated by FP and by an HPLC-UV method, with a good correlation (r2 = 0.97). Although the FP method tended to overestimate DON slightly in the wheat samples, by approxiamtely 20%, the assay was easy to use and very useful for the screening of wheat. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Maragos, C M AU - Jolley, M E AU - Nasir, M S AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. maragocm@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 400 EP - 407 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay -- methods KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology KW - Trichothecenes -- immunology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71613601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Fluorescence+polarization+as+a+tool+for+the+determination+of+deoxynivalenol+in+wheat.&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M%3BJolley%2C+M+E%3BNasir%2C+M+S&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of STS and CAPS markers for identification of three tall larkspurs (Delphinium spp.). AN - 71610419; 11962619 AB - One cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and nine sequence tagged site (STS) markers were developed for identifying tall larkspur (Delphinium spp.) plants in three species based on the DNA sequence of known species-specific RAPD markers. Four STS markers were used for identification of Delphinium occidentale, three STS markers for Delphinium barbeyi, and one CAPS and two STS markers for Delphinium glaucum. One hundred sixty-six individual plants collected at 19 locations in the western U.S.A. were tested using the STS and CAPS markers. Over 95% of the D. occidentale plants contained all four D. occidentale specific STS markers, whereas the remaining plants contained three of the four STS markers. Approximately 97% of D. barbeyi plants contained all three D. barbeyi specific STS markers, and the rest had two of the three STS markers. A small percentage of D. barbeyi plants contained one D. occidentale specific STS marker. Hybrid populations were characterized as having more D. occidentale specific than D. barbeyi specific STS markers, suggesting that the three hybrid populations are composed not of F1 hybrid plants of the parental species but of segregating offspring of different generations from original hybrids. This set of STS and CAPS markers for larkspur species should be useful in classification of unknown plant materials and the identification of hybrid populations. JF - Genome AU - Li, Xiaomei AU - Gardner, Dale R AU - Ralphs, Michael H AU - Wang, Richard R C AD - USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA. Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 229 EP - 235 VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0831-2796, 0831-2796 KW - DNA, Plant KW - 0 KW - Genetic Markers KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Species Specificity KW - DNA, Plant -- analysis KW - Ranunculaceae -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Ranunculaceae -- growth & development KW - Sequence Tagged Sites KW - Ranunculaceae -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71610419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome&rft.atitle=Development+of+STS+and+CAPS+markers+for+identification+of+three+tall+larkspurs+%28Delphinium+spp.%29.&rft.au=Li%2C+Xiaomei%3BGardner%2C+Dale+R%3BRalphs%2C+Michael+H%3BWang%2C+Richard+R+C&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Xiaomei&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genome&rft.issn=08312796&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symptoms and implications of selenium toxicity in fish: the Belews Lake case example. AN - 71537031; 11879937 AB - Belews Lake, North Carolina was contaminated by selenium in wastewater from a coal-fired power plant during the mid-1970s, and toxic impacts to the resident fish community (20 species) were studied for over two decades. Symptoms of chronic selenium poisoning in Belews Lake fish included, (1) telangiectasia (swelling) of gill lamellae; (2) elevated lymphocytes; (3) reduced hematocrit and hemoglobin (anemia); (4) corneal cataracts; (5) exopthalmus (popeye); (6) pathological alterations in liver, kidney, heart, and ovary (e.g. vacuolization of parenchymal hepatocytes, intracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis, severe pericarditis and myocarditis, necrotic and ruptured mature egg follicles); (7) reproductive failure (reduced production of viable eggs due to ovarian pathology, and post-hatch mortality due to bioaccumulation of selenium in eggs); and (8) teratogenic deformities of the spine, head, mouth, and fins. Important principles of selenium cycling and toxicity were documented in the Belews Lake studies. Selenium poisoning in fish can be 'invisible', because, the primary point of impact is the egg, which receives selenium from the female's diet (whether consumed in organic or inorganic forms), and stores it until hatching, whereupon it is metabolized by the developing fish. If concentrations in eggs are great enough (about 10 microg/g or greater) biochemical functions may be disrupted, and teratogenic deformity and death may occur. Adult fish can survive and appear healthy despite the fact that extensive reproductive failure is occurring--19 of the 20 species in Belews Lake were eliminated as a result of this insidious mode of toxicity. Bioaccumulation in aquatic food chains causes otherwise harmless concentrations of selenium to reach toxic levels, and the selenium in contaminated sediments can be cycled into food chains for decades. The lessons learned from Belews Lake provide information useful for protecting aquatic ecosystems as new selenium issues emerge. JF - Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) AU - Lemly, A Dennis AD - Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, Southern Research Station, United States Forest Service, 1650 Ramble Road, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA. dlemly@vt.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 39 EP - 49 VL - 57 IS - 1-2 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fresh Water KW - Fishes KW - North Carolina KW - Ovum -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Fish Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- veterinary KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71537031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+toxicology+%28Amsterdam%2C+Netherlands%29&rft.atitle=Symptoms+and+implications+of+selenium+toxicity+in+fish%3A+the+Belews+Lake+case+example.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+Dennis&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+toxicology+%28Amsterdam%2C+Netherlands%29&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of calorie restriction on mortality kinetics in inbred strains of mice following 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene treatment. AN - 71535717; 11909880 AB - Calorie restriction (CR) has long been known to increase longevity and to delay the onset and to decrease the incidence of many age-related disease processes. The mechanism(s) by which these outcomes are attained is unidentified. This experiment was designed to examine whether differences existed in the extent to which various inbred strains of mice respond to CR. This work explored whether carcinogen-treated animals could be used to facilitate this aim by decreasing the time needed to observe differences in mortality kinetics between CR mice and ad libitum (AL) fed controls. Female mice from each of eight strains (A/J, BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6, DBA/2J, FVB/J, NMRI, and 129/J) were given a single oral dose (65 mg/kg) of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and subsequently fed AL or calorically restricted. Following carcinogen treatment, the spectrum of lesions observed demonstrated genotypic variability, thereby complicating comparison among the inbred strains examined. However, in terms of the magnitude of alteration in mortality kinetics observed, a statistical analysis revealed that differences exist among the various strains of mice in their response. JF - The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences AU - Lipman, Ruth D AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. lipman@mail.hrca.harvard.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - B153 EP - B157 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 1079-5006, 1079-5006 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Body Weight KW - Mortality KW - Animals KW - Kinetics KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- pharmacology KW - Longevity -- physiology KW - Longevity -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred Strains -- anatomy & histology KW - Mice, Inbred Strains -- physiology KW - Energy Intake UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71535717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.atitle=Effect+of+calorie+restriction+on+mortality+kinetics+in+inbred+strains+of+mice+following+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%5Ba%5Danthracene+treatment.&rft.au=Lipman%2C+Ruth+D&rft.aulast=Lipman&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=B153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.issn=10795006&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A brominated-fluorene insect neuropeptide analog exhibits pyrokinin/PBAN-specific toxicity for adult females of the tobacco budworm moth. AN - 71530049; 11897401 AB - An analog of the insect pyrokinin/PBAN class of neuropeptides, which features a 2-amino7-bromofluorene attached to the carboxy-terminal bioactive core of the insect pyrokinin/PBAN class of neuropeptides (Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH(2)), via a succinnic acid linker, was tested in adult H. virescens moths. This analog was found to induce pheromone production when injected into or applied topically to moths. Topical application of as much as 1 nmol of the analog to moths induced production of significant amounts of pheromone for only 1-2 h, whereas injection of 500 pmol induced pheromone production for up to 20 h. All insects died within 24 h after injection of 500 pmol of the analog. Mortality studies indicated that the LD(50) for the analog was 0.7 pmol when injected. A non-pyrokinin/PBAN peptide analog formed by attachment of 2-amino-7-bromofluorene to Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-NH(2) (via the succinnic acid linker) did not induce mortality when injected at 1 nmol. Similarly no mortality was found when up to 2 nmol of an analog containing a non-brominated fluorene ring, formed by attachment of 9-fluoreneacetic acid to Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH(2,) was injected into moths. The data indicated that both the bromine and active core of the pyrokinin neuropeptides (Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH(2)) were critical for a specific toxic action and suggested that the brominated analog poisoned the moths by interacting with pyrokinin receptors. JF - Peptides AU - Teal, Peter E A AU - Nachman, Ronald J AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. pteal@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 801 EP - 806 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0196-9781, 0196-9781 KW - Bromine Compounds KW - 0 KW - Insect Hormones KW - Insecticides KW - Neuropeptides KW - Sex Attractants KW - pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide, Helicoverpa zea KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Sex Attractants -- toxicity KW - Sex Attractants -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Bromine Compounds -- chemistry KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Insect Hormones -- metabolism KW - Moths -- metabolism KW - Neuropeptides -- toxicity KW - Insect Hormones -- pharmacology KW - Neuropeptides -- chemistry KW - Insect Hormones -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71530049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peptides&rft.atitle=A+brominated-fluorene+insect+neuropeptide+analog+exhibits+pyrokinin%2FPBAN-specific+toxicity+for+adult+females+of+the+tobacco+budworm+moth.&rft.au=Teal%2C+Peter+E+A%3BNachman%2C+Ronald+J&rft.aulast=Teal&rft.aufirst=Peter+E&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Peptides&rft.issn=01969781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stimulation of protein synthesis by both insulin and amino acids is unique to skeletal muscle in neonatal pigs. AN - 71497173; 11882508 AB - In neonatal pigs, the feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, but not liver, can be reproduced by insulin infusion when essential amino acids and glucose are maintained at fasting levels. In the present study, 7- and 26-day-old pigs were studied during 1) fasting, 2) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamps, 3) euinsulinemic-euglycemic-hyperaminoacidemic clamps, and 4) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-hyperaminoacidemic clamps. Amino acids were clamped using a new amino acid mixture enriched in nonessential amino acids. Tissue protein synthesis was measured using a flooding dose of L-[4-(3)H]phenylalanine. In 7-day-old pigs, insulin infusion alone increased protein synthesis in various skeletal muscles (from +35 to +64%), with equivalent contribution of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins, as well as cardiac muscle (+50%), skin (+34%), and spleen (+26%). Amino acid infusion alone increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscles (from +28 to +50%), also with equivalent contribution of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins, as well as liver (+27%), pancreas (+28%), and kidney (+10%). An elevation of both insulin and amino acids did not have an additive effect. Similar qualitative results were obtained in 26-day-old pigs, but the magnitude of the stimulation of protein synthesis by insulin and/or amino acids was lower. The results suggest that, in the neonate, the stimulation of protein synthesis by feeding is mediated by either amino acids or insulin in most tissues; however, the feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is uniquely regulated by both insulin and amino acids. JF - American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism AU - Davis, Teresa A AU - Fiorotto, Marta L AU - Burrin, Douglas G AU - Reeds, Peter J AU - Nguyen, Hanh V AU - Beckett, Philip R AU - Vann, Rhonda C AU - O'Connor, Pamela M J AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, and Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - E880 EP - E890 VL - 282 IS - 4 SN - 0193-1849, 0193-1849 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Blood Glucose KW - Insulin KW - Muscle Proteins KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - Phenylalanine KW - 47E5O17Y3R KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Phenylalanine -- metabolism KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Glucose Clamp Technique KW - Fasting KW - Glucose -- administration & dosage KW - Female KW - Amino Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Insulin -- blood KW - Insulin -- pharmacology KW - Insulin -- administration & dosage KW - Amino Acids -- pharmacology KW - Amino Acids -- blood KW - Animals, Newborn -- metabolism KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- drug effects KW - Muscle Proteins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71497173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.atitle=Stimulation+of+protein+synthesis+by+both+insulin+and+amino+acids+is+unique+to+skeletal+muscle+in+neonatal+pigs.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Teresa+A%3BFiorotto%2C+Marta+L%3BBurrin%2C+Douglas+G%3BReeds%2C+Peter+J%3BNguyen%2C+Hanh+V%3BBeckett%2C+Philip+R%3BVann%2C+Rhonda+C%3BO%27Connor%2C+Pamela+M+J&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=E880&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.issn=01931849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of biological measures by mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in soils within a landscape AN - 52117609; 2002-036979 JF - Soil Science AU - Mimmo, Tanja AU - Reeves, J B, III AU - McCarty, G W AU - Galletti, G Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 281 EP - 287 PB - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 167 IS - 4 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - soils KW - near-infrared spectra KW - chemical analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra KW - enzymes KW - nitrogen KW - infrared spectra KW - MIDIR spectra KW - organic compounds KW - infrared spectroscopy KW - sampling KW - DRIFT spectra KW - carbon KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - applications KW - spectra KW - landscapes KW - spectroscopy KW - proteins KW - mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52117609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Determination+of+biological+measures+by+mid-infrared+diffuse+reflectance+spectroscopy+in+soils+within+a+landscape&rft.au=Mimmo%2C+Tanja%3BReeves%2C+J+B%2C+III%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W%3BGalletti%2C+G&rft.aulast=Mimmo&rft.aufirst=Tanja&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; carbon; chemical analysis; DRIFT spectra; enzymes; infrared spectra; infrared spectroscopy; landscapes; mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra; mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; MIDIR spectra; near-infrared spectra; nitrogen; organic compounds; proteins; sampling; soil surveys; soils; spectra; spectroscopy; statistical analysis; surveys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosynthetic pathway of diepoxy bicyclic FA from linoleic acid by Clavibacter sp. ALA2 AN - 21381537; 12035288 AB - The biosynthetic pathway of two bicyclic FA, 12∶ 17, 13∶ 17-diepoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (DEOA) and 7-hydroxy-12∶ 17, 13∶ 17-diepoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (hDEOA), by Clavibacter sp. ALA2 was investigated. When cultivated with linoleic acid as a substrate, the strain produced 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA), DEOA, and hDEOA as well as other FA. To clarify the synthetic route to these bicyclic FA, the strain was cultivated with purified THOA as a starting substrate. THOA was consumed almost completely by the strain with sequential generation of DEOA and hDEOA. Moreover, the strain produced hDEOA when cultivated with purified DEOA. Therefore, it was confirmed that THOA was a precursor of these bicyclic FA and that hDEOA was generated from DEOA. Based on our previously reported result that linoleic acid is first converted to 12,13-dihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (DHOA) and the present results, the overall biosynthetic pathway for the diepoxy bicyclic FA from linoleic acid was postulated as: linoleic acid->DHOA->THOA->DEOA->hDEOA. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Iwasaki, Yugo AU - Brown, Wanda AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University, St., 61604-3999 Peoria, IL, houct@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 369 EP - 372 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Oil KW - Linoleic acid KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21381537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Biosynthetic+pathway+of+diepoxy+bicyclic+FA+from+linoleic+acid+by+Clavibacter+sp.+ALA2&rft.au=Iwasaki%2C+Yugo%3BBrown%2C+Wanda%3BHou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Iwasaki&rft.aufirst=Yugo&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-002-0490-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-002-0490-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Policy implications of human-accelerated nitrogen cycling AN - 21135436; 5392499 AB - The human induced input of reactive N into the global biosphere has increased to approximately 150 Tg N each year and is expected to continue to increase for the foreseeable future. The need to feed ( similar to 125 Tg N) and to provide energy ( similar to 25 Tg N) for the growing world population drives this trend. This increase in reactive N comes at, in some instances, significant costs to society through increased emissions of NO sub(x), NH sub(3), N sub(2)O and NO sub(3) super(-) and deposition of NO sub(y) and NH sub(x).In the atmosphere, increases in tropospheric ozone and acid deposition (NO sub(y) and NH sub(x)) have led to acidification of aquatic and soil systems and to reductions in forest and crop system production. Changes in aquatic systems as a result of nitrate leaching have led to decreased drinking water quality, eutrophication, hypoxia and decreases in aquatic plant diversity, for example. On the other hand, increased deposition of biologically available N may have increased forest biomass production and may have contributed to increased storage of atmospheric CO sub(2) in plant and soils. Most importantly, synthetic production of fertilizer N has contributed greatly to the remarkable increase in food production that has taken place during the past 50 years.The development of policy to control unwanted reactive N release is difficult because much of the reactive N release is related to food and energy production and reactive N species can be transported great distances in the atmosphere and in aquatic systems. There are many possibilities for limiting reactive N emissions from fuel combustion, and in fact, great strides have been made during the past decades. Reducing the introduction of new reactive N and in curtailing the movement of this N in food production is even more difficult. The particular problem comes from the fact that most of the N that is introduced into the global food production system is not converted into usable product, but rather reenters the biosphere as a surplus. Global policy on N in agriculture is difficult because many countries need to increase food production to raise nutritional levels or to keep up with population growth, which may require increased use of N fertilizers. Although N cycling occurs at regional and global scales, policies are implemented and enforced at the national or provincial/state levels. Multinational efforts to control N loss to the environment are surely needed, but these efforts will require commitments from individual countries and the policy-makers within those countries. JF - Biogeochemistry AU - Mosier, A R AU - Bleken, MA AU - Chaiwanakupt, P AU - Ellis, E C AU - Freney, J R AU - Howarth, R B AU - Matson, P A AU - Minami, K AU - Naylor, R AU - Weeks, K N AU - Zhu, Z AD - USDA/ARS, Fort Collins, CO 80522, U.S.A., amosier@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 477 EP - 516 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0168-2563, 0168-2563 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Eutrophication KW - agriculture KW - Aquatic plants KW - Troposphere KW - Biosphere KW - Nutrition KW - Atmosphere KW - Agrochemicals KW - Aquatic environment KW - Crops KW - Combustion KW - Soil KW - world population KW - Fertilizers KW - population growth KW - Emissions KW - Nitrogen cycle KW - Drinking water KW - Food production KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21135436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeochemistry&rft.atitle=Policy+implications+of+human-accelerated+nitrogen+cycling&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A+R%3BBleken%2C+MA%3BChaiwanakupt%2C+P%3BEllis%2C+E+C%3BFreney%2C+J+R%3BHowarth%2C+R+B%3BMatson%2C+P+A%3BMinami%2C+K%3BNaylor%2C+R%3BWeeks%2C+K+N%3BZhu%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeochemistry&rft.issn=01682563&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eutrophication; Aquatic plants; agriculture; Troposphere; Biosphere; Agrochemicals; Atmosphere; Nutrition; Crops; Aquatic environment; Combustion; Soil; world population; Fertilizers; population growth; Emissions; Nitrogen cycle; Drinking water; Food production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effects of 6/85 Live Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine in Commercial Layer Hens over a 43-Week Laying Cycle on Egg Production, Selected Egg Quality Parameters, and Egg Size Distribution When Challenged Before Beginning of Lay AN - 19287663; 5536337 AB - SUMMARY.In each of two trials, 80 commercial leghorn-type pullets were separated into two treatments with four replicates of 10 chickens in each treatment. Forty pullets were designated as controls and received no inoculation, whereas the remaining 40 pullets received the 6/85 vaccine strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) at 10 wk of age. Hen-day egg production, egg weight, eggshell strength, Haugh unit score, pimpling incidence, and blood/meat spot incidence were monitored and recorded weekly in each trial through an entire laying cycle of 43 wk. Further, eggs from all treatments were collected daily, Monday-Thursday, and individually weighed.No significant difference was observed between the treatments for 43-wk means for hen-day egg production, for any of the monitored egg or eggshell quality parameters, or for the number of extra large, large, medium, small, pee wee, or undergrade egg sizes. A significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) difference was observed for the number of jumbo-sized eggs between the two treatments.Results of this study suggest that vaccination of commercial layer chickens at 10 wk of age with 6/85 strain MG does not detrimentally impact egg production, egg size distribution, or ovary/oviduct function as evidenced by selected egg parameters monitored in this study.Original Abstract: RESUMEN.Efectos de la vacunacion con la cepa viva 6/85 del Mycoplasma gallisepticum sobre los niveles de produccion, parametros de calidad y tamano del huevo en aves durante un ciclo de postura de 43 semanas, desafiadas antes del inicio de la produccion.En dos estudios diferentes, 80 pollonas comerciales tipo leghorn fueron separadas en dos grupos de tratamiento con cuatro replicas de 10 aves por tratamiento. Cuarenta aves fueron usadas como grupo control no vacunadas, mientras que las 40 aves restantes fueron vacunadas con la cepa 6/85 del Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) a las 10 semanas de edad. Se tomaron semanalmente durante el ciclo de 43 semanas de postura los datos de produccion diaria de huevos por ave, peso de los huevos, calidad del cascaron, mediciones de unidades Haugh, incidencia de imperfecciones del cascaron y manchas de sangre. Los huevos en todos los tratamientos fueron recogidos diariamente de Lunes a Jueves y pesados en forma individual. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos durante las 43 semanas del estudio en los parametros observados, ni en el numero de huevos extra grandes, grandes, medianos, pequenos, enanos o huevos de desecho. Se encontro una diferencia significativa (P less than or equal to 0.05) en el numero de huevos tipo jumbo entre los dos tratamientos. Los resultados de este estudio indican que la vacunacion de gallinas ponedoras comerciales a las 10 semanas de edad con la cepa 6/85 de MG no incide en forma negativa en los parametros de produccion de huevos, distribucion de tamanos o funcion ovarica y del oviducto, tomando como evidencia los parametros observados en este estudio.Abbreviations: ESS = eggshell breaking strength; FA = fluorescent antibody; FMG = F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; HI = hemagglutination inhibition; MG = Mycoplasma gallisepticum; MS = Mycoplasma synoviae; NPIP = National Poultry Improvement Plan; SPA = serum plate agglutination JF - Avian Diseases AU - Branton, S L AU - Bearson, SMD AU - Bearson, B AU - Lott, B D AU - Maslin, W R AU - Collier, S D AU - Pharr, G T AU - Boykin, D L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, South Central Poultry Research Laboratory, Mississippi State, MS 39762 Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 423 EP - 428 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Age KW - Egg production KW - Vaccination KW - Egg shells KW - Meat KW - Blood KW - Oviduct KW - Inoculation KW - Vaccines KW - Ovaries KW - Mycoplasma gallisepticum KW - Size distribution KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19287663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=The+Effects+of+6%2F85+Live+Mycoplasma+gallisepticum+Vaccine+in+Commercial+Layer+Hens+over+a+43-Week+Laying+Cycle+on+Egg+Production%2C+Selected+Egg+Quality+Parameters%2C+and+Egg+Size+Distribution+When+Challenged+Before+Beginning+of+Lay&rft.au=Branton%2C+S+L%3BBearson%2C+SMD%3BBearson%2C+B%3BLott%2C+B+D%3BMaslin%2C+W+R%3BCollier%2C+S+D%3BPharr%2C+G+T%3BBoykin%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Branton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280423%3ATEOLMG%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meat; Egg shells; Blood; Age; Oviduct; Inoculation; Ovaries; Vaccines; Egg production; Vaccination; Size distribution; Mycoplasma gallisepticum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0423:TEOLMG)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cecal Colonization of Chicks by Porcine Strains of Campylobacter coli AN - 19287063; 5536345 AB - SUMMARY.Ten genotypically distinct strains of Campylobacter coli were isolated from a swine production facility. These porcine isolates were then orally inoculated into day-of-hatch leghorn chicks and were excellent colonizers of the chick cecum. Campylobacter coli recovered from inoculated chickens were genotypically identical to the challenge strain. The absence of host specificity suggests a possible movement of strains among swine, field animals and birds, and poultry houses.Original Abstract: RESUMEN.Nota de Investigacion -Colonizacion cecal de pollos por cepas porcinas de Campylobacter coli.A partir de una granja de produccion porcina, se aislaron diez cepas de Campylobacter coli genotipicamente distintas. Estos aislados porcinos fueron inoculados oralmente en pollitos leghorn al dia de edad, encontrandose que todas las cepas colonizaron el ciego de los pollitos. El C. coli aislado de los pollitos inoculados fue genotipicamente identico a la cepa de desafio. La ausencia de especificidad de huesped sugiere un posible movimiento de cepas entre los porcinos, animales de campo y aves, lo mismo que entre las granjas avicolas.Abbreviations: CFU = colony-forming units; PCR = polymerase chain reaction JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Hume, ME AU - Young, C R AU - Harvey, R B AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2881 F & B Road, College Station, TX 77845 Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 473 EP - 477 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Host specificity KW - Houses KW - Poultry KW - Campylobacter coli KW - Cecum KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19287063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Cecal+Colonization+of+Chicks+by+Porcine+Strains+of+Campylobacter+coli&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BHume%2C+ME%3BYoung%2C+C+R%3BHarvey%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280473%3ACCOCBP%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Host specificity; Colonization; Poultry; Houses; Cecum; Campylobacter coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0473:CCOCBP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tomato Transcription Factors Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 Activate Defense Responses When Expressed in Arabidopsis AN - 18710263; 5594079 AB - The Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 proteins from tomato were identified based on their interaction with the product of the Pto disease resistance gene, a Ser-Thr protein kinase. They belong to the ethylene-response factor (ERF) family of plant-unique transcription factors and bind specifically to the GCC-box cis element present in the promoters of many pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Here, we show that these tomato ERFs are localized to the nucleus and function in vivo as transcription activators that regulate the expression of GCC box-containing PR genes. Expression of Pti4, Pti5, or Pti6 in Arabidopsis activated the expression of the salicylic acid-regulated genes PR1 and PR2. Expression of jasmonic acid- and ethylene-regulated genes, such as PR3, PR4, PDF1.2, and Thi2.1, was affected differently by each of the three tomato ERFs, with Arabidopsis-Pti4 plants having very high levels of PDF1.2 transcripts. Exogenous application of salicylic acid to Arabidopsis-Pti4 plants suppressed the increased expression of PDF1.2 but further stimulated PR1 expression. Arabidopsis plants expressing Pti4 displayed increased resistance to the fungal pathogen Erysiphe orontii and increased tolerance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato. These results indicate that Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 activate the expression of a wide array of PR genes and play important and distinct roles in plant defense. JF - Plant Cell AU - Gu, Yong-Qiang AU - Wildermuth, M C AU - Chakravarthy, S AU - Loh, Ying-Tsu AU - Yang, Caimei AU - He, Xiaohua AU - Han, Yu AU - Martin, G B AD - USDA-ARS, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 817 EP - 831 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1040-4651, 1040-4651 KW - PDF1.2 gene KW - PR1 gene KW - Pti4 protein KW - Pti5 protein KW - Pti6 protein KW - jasmonic acid KW - tomato KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - N 14930:Transcription factors KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - A 01030:General KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18710263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell&rft.atitle=Tomato+Transcription+Factors+Pti4%2C+Pti5%2C+and+Pti6+Activate+Defense+Responses+When+Expressed+in+Arabidopsis&rft.au=Gu%2C+Yong-Qiang%3BWildermuth%2C+M+C%3BChakravarthy%2C+S%3BLoh%2C+Ying-Tsu%3BYang%2C+Caimei%3BHe%2C+Xiaohua%3BHan%2C+Yu%3BMartin%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=Yong-Qiang&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell&rft.issn=10404651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental Infection of Turkeys with Avian Pneumovirus and Either Newcastle Disease Virus or Escherichia coli AN - 18631311; 5536336 AB - SUMMARY.Avian pneumoviruses (APVs) are RNA viruses responsible for upper respiratory disease in poultry. Experimental infections are typically less severe than those observed in field cases. Previous studies with APV and Escherichia coli suggest this discrepancy is due to secondary agents. Field observations indicate APV infections are more severe with concurrent infection by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In the current study, we examined the role of lentogenic NDV in the APV disease process. Two-week-old commercial turkey poults were infected with the Colorado strain of APV. Three days later, these poults received an additional inoculation of either NDV or E. coli. Dual infection of APV with either NDV or E. coli resulted in increased morbidity rates, with poults receiving APV/NDV having the highest morbidity rates and displaying lesions of swollen infraorbital sinuses. These lesions were not present in the single APV, NDV, or E. coli groups. These results demonstrate that coinfection with APV and NDV can result in clinical signs and lesions similar to those in field outbreaks of APV.Original Abstract: RESUMEN.Infeccion experimental en pavos por pneumovirus aviar y el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle o Escherichia coli.El pneumovirus aviar es un virus RNA responsable de una enfermedad respiratoria del tracto superior de las aves. Las infecciones experimentales son por lo general menos severas que las observadas en el campo. Estudios realizados con anterioridad con el pneumovirus aviar y Escherichia coli sugieren que las diferencias observadas pueden ser debidas a la presencia de agentes secundarios. Observaciones de campo indican que las infecciones por pneumovirus aviar son mas severas cuando se encuentran asociadas con el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle. Se examino el papel del virus lentogenico de la enfermedad de Newcastle en el curso de la enfermedad ocasionada por el pneumovirus aviar. Se infectaron pavitos comerciales de 2 semanas de edad con la cepa Colorado del pneumovirus aviar y 3 dias despues, estos pavitos fueron inoculados con el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle o con E. coli. Se observo un aumento en el indice de morbilidad en infecciones mixtas del pneumovirus aviar con el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle o con E. coli. El mayor indice de morbilidad se observo en pavitos que recibieron el pneumovirus aviar y el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle, presentando inflamacion de los senos infraorbitales. No se observo inflamacion de los senos infraorbitales en los grupos que recibieron unicamente el pneumovirus aviar, el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle o el E. coli. Las infecciones mixtas del pneumovirus aviar y del virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle pueden resultar en signos clinicos y lesiones similares a las observadas en epidemias de pneumovirus aviar en el campo.Abbreviations: APV = avian pneumovirus; CFU = colony-forming units; CPE = cytopathic effect; DPI = days postinoculation; EID50 = 50% embryo infective dose; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HA = hemagglutination; HI = hemagglutination inhibition; IBV = infectious bronchitis virus; Ig = immunoglobulin; i.n. = intranasal; NDV = Newcastle disease virus; OD = optical density; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; RT = reverse transcriptase; TCID50 = 50% tissue culture infective dose; TRT = turkey rhinotracheitis JF - Avian Diseases AU - Turpin, E A AU - Perkins, LEL AU - Swayne, DE AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 412 EP - 422 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - J 02862:Infection KW - V 22142:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18631311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Experimental+Infection+of+Turkeys+with+Avian+Pneumovirus+and+Either+Newcastle+Disease+Virus+or+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Turpin%2C+E+A%3BPerkins%2C+LEL%3BSwayne%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Turpin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280412%3AEIOTWA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0412:EIOTWA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review: Campylobacter jejuni Infection during Pregnancy: Long-Term Consequences of Associated Bacteremia, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, and Reactive Arthritis AN - 18615705; 5532115 AB - Campylobacter jejuni infections are the main cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the United States and other developed countries. Generally, C. jejuni infections are self-limiting and treatment is not necessary; however, infections caused by this organism can lead to potentially dangerous long-term consequences for some individuals. Bacteremia, Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS; an acute flaccid paralytic disease), and reactive arthritis (ReA) are the most serious of the long-term consequences of C. jejuni infections. During pregnancy, foodborne infections may be hazardous to both the woman and the fetus. C. jejuni- induced bacteremia during pregnancy may lead to intrauterine infection of the fetus, abortion, stillbirth, or early neonatal death. Infection of a newborn by the mother during the birth process or shortly after birth may lead to neonatal enteritis, bacteremia, and/or meningitis. C. jejuni enteritis is the inducing antecedent infection in approximately 30% of cases of GBS. Thus, pregnant women infected with C. jejuni may contract GBS. GBS during pregnancy does not affect fetal or infant development and does not increase spontaneous abortion or fetal death; however, it may induce spontaneous delivery during the third trimester in severe cases. Reactive arthritis occurs in approximately 2% of C. jejuni enteritis cases and leads to the impaired movement of various joints. Pregnant women with C. jejuni-induced reactive arthritis can be expected to deliver a normal infant. A pregnant patient with GBS or ReA may be unable to care for a newborn infant because of the physical impairment induced by these diseases. Since C. jejuni infections put both fetuses and pregnant women at risk, pregnant women must take special care in food handling and preparation to prevent such infections. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Smith, J L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 696 EP - 708 VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18615705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Campylobacter+jejuni+Infection+during+Pregnancy%3A+Long-Term+Consequences+of+Associated+Bacteremia%2C+Guillain-Barre+Syndrome%2C+and+Reactive+Arthritis&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=696&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using simulated emergent vegetation to alter stream flow direction within a straight experimental channel AN - 18563775; 5384919 AB - River restoration programs often use vegetation to enhance the biological functionality, recreational opportunities, and aesthetic beauty of degraded stream corridors. Yet, none has used vegetation for the purpose of inducing a straight channel to meander. A flume-based study was designed to alter the flow pattern within a straight, degraded stream corridor by using simulated emergent vegetation of varying density placed at key locations within the channel. Placement of vegetation zones was determined using an empirical relation for equilibrium meander wavelength based on the imposed flow rate. Surface flow velocities were quantified using particle image velocimetry. The study showed that (i) flow velocity can be markedly reduced within and near the vegetation zones, (ii) flow can be diverted toward the opposite bank, and (iii) vegetation density controlled the magnitude of these effects. JF - Geomorphology AU - Bennett, S J AU - Pirim, T AU - Barkdoll, B D AD - National Sedimentation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, sjbennett@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 01 SP - 115 EP - 126 VL - 44 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q2 02261:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18563775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Using+simulated+emergent+vegetation+to+alter+stream+flow+direction+within+a+straight+experimental+channel&rft.au=Bennett%2C+S+J%3BPirim%2C+T%3BBarkdoll%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of raccoons (Procyon lotor) to infection with Mycobacterium bovis AN - 18546603; 5508812 AB - Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis infection is endemic in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern portion of the lower Michigan peninsula (USA). Various wild carnivores and omnivores, including raccoons (Procyon lotor), are infected with M. bovis within the endemic area. To investigate the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in raccoons and the likelihood of M. bovis transmission from infected raccoons to other susceptible hosts, we experimentally inoculated raccoons with single oral doses of M. bovis (ranging from 30 to 1.7 X 10 super(5) colony forming units [CFU]), five daily oral doses of M. bovis (ranging from 10 to 1 X 10 super(5) CFU), or a single intravenous (IV) dose of 1 X 10 super(5) CFU of M. bovis, from November 1998 through December 2000. Granulomatous lesions consistent with tuberculosis, or tissue colonization with M. bovis, were seen in one of five raccoons in the single low oral dose group, one of five raccoons in the multiple low oral dose group, two of five raccoons in the multiple medium oral dose group, five of five raccoons in the multiple high oral dose group, and five of five raccoons in the IV inoculated group. In orally inoculated raccoons, lesions were most common in the tracheobronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes and lung. Excretion of M. bovis in saliva or nasal secretions was noted in all IV inoculated raccoons and two of five multiple low oral dose raccoons. Mycobacterium bovis was not isolated from urine or feces from any experimentally inoculated raccoons. The need for multiple large oral doses to establish infection, and the low number of orally inoculated raccoons that excreted M. bovis in nasal secretions or saliva, suggest that wide-spread tuberculosis among raccoons is unlikely. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Palmer, M V AU - Waters, W R AU - Whipple, D L AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 2300 N. Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA, mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 266 EP - 274 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Raccoon KW - White-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18546603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+raccoons+%28Procyon+lotor%29+to+infection+with+Mycobacterium+bovis&rft.au=Palmer%2C+M+V%3BWaters%2C+W+R%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitric oxide production as an indication of Mycobacterium bovis infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) AN - 18545934; 5508821 AB - White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are reservoirs for Mycobacterium bovis in northeast Michigan, USA. Production of nitric oxide (NO) by activated macrophages is a potent mechanism of mycobacterial killing. The capacity of macrophages to produce NO, however, varies among mammalian species. The objective of this study was to determine if mononuclear cells from white-tailed deer produce nitrite as an indication of NO production and, if so, is NO produced in response to stimulation with M. bovis antigens. Supernatants were harvested from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures that had been stimulated with either Mannheimia haemolytica lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or media alone (i.e., no stimulation). Nitrite levels within M. haemolytica LPS-stimulated culture supernatants exceeded (P < 0.05) those detected within supernatants from non-stimulated cultures as well as those detected within supernatants from cultures receiving an inhibitor of NO synthase in addition to M. haemolytica LPS. In response to stimulation with M. bovis antigens, nitrite production by PBMC from M. bovis-infected deer exceeded (P < 0.05) the production by PBMC from non-infected deer. The response of PBMC from infected deer to M. bovis antigens exceeded (P < 0.05) the response of parallel cultures from the same deer receiving no stimulation. The response of PBMC from M. bovis-infected deer to M. avium antigens did not differ from that of PBMC from M. bovis-infected deer to no stimulation or from that of PBMC from non-infected deer to M. avium antigens. These findings indicate that adherent PBMC from white-tailed deer are capable of NO production and that mononuclear cells isolated from M. bovis-infected white-tailed deer produce NO in an antigen-specific recall response. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Waters, W R AU - Palmer, M V AU - Sacco, R E AU - Whipple, D L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010-0070, USA, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 338 EP - 343 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - White-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18545934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Nitric+oxide+production+as+an+indication+of+Mycobacterium+bovis+infection+in+white-tailed+deer+%28Odocoileus+virginianus%29&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BSacco%2C+R+E%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte subset proliferation and nitric oxide production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of captive elk (Cervus elaphus) AN - 18541209; 5508822 AB - Elk (Cervus elaphus) are reservoirs for Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, each a serious pathogen of domestic livestock. An understanding of the basic immune responsiveness of elk would aid efforts to develop methods to diagnose and prevent these diseases of elk. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from captive elk were examined for phenotype, lymphocyte subset proliferative capacity, and ability to produce nitric oxide (NO) upon pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation. Although gamma delta TCR super(+) cells represented a high percentage of the peripheral blood lymphocyte pool, these cells responded poorly to PWM stimulation. B cells (i.e., sIgM super(+) cells), conversely, were responsive to PWM stimulation. Addition of PWM to PBMC cultures also resulted in a significant production of nitrite, the stable oxidation product of NO. Similar to other ruminant species, the majority of elk peripheral blood sIgM super(+) cells co-expressed MHC class II and B-B4, a B cell lineage marker that varies in expression during B cell development. Findings from the present study provide basic information on several parameters of cellular immunity of elk. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Waters, W R AU - Sacco, R E AU - Fach, S J AU - Palmer, M V AU - Olsen, S C AU - Kreeger, T J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010-0070, USA, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 344 EP - 351 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Red Deer KW - pokeweed mitogen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18541209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+mitogen-stimulated+lymphocyte+subset+proliferation+and+nitric+oxide+production+by+peripheral+blood+mononuclear+cells+of+captive+elk+%28Cervus+elaphus%29&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BSacco%2C+R+E%3BFach%2C+S+J%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BKreeger%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spiders (Araneae) as potential predators of leaf roller larvae and egg masses (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Central Washington apple and pear orchards AN - 18508519; 5468225 AB - Eleven species of arboreal, hunting spiders, common in central Washington apple and pear orchards, were evaluated as potential predators of the tortricid leafrollers, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott and Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), pests in Pacific Northwest orchards. All species fed on leafroller larvae established on apple and pear seedlings or branches during small cage tests. Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch was the most effective predator in these tests, consuming 65% of larvae. C. mildei was also the most effective predator among six species used in tests where leafroller larvae were established on small, caged apple trees. Twelve species of arboreal, hunting spiders were tested as predators of C. rosaceana egg masses. C. mildei was the most effective egg mass predator and 35 of 112 individuals consumed part or all of an egg mass. In addition, Oxyopes scalaris Hentz and Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz) exhibited some feeding on eggs. JF - Pan-Pacific Entomologist AU - Miliczky, E R AU - Calkins, C O AD - Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture--Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, Washington 98951, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 140 EP - 150 PB - Pacific Coast Entomological Society VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 0031-0603, 0031-0603 KW - Araneae KW - Leaf rollers KW - Lepidoptera KW - Spiders KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18508519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Spiders+%28Araneae%29+as+potential+predators+of+leaf+roller+larvae+and+egg+masses+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+in+Central+Washington+apple+and+pear+orchards&rft.au=Miliczky%2C+E+R%3BCalkins%2C+C+O&rft.aulast=Miliczky&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.issn=00310603&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does the presence of Wyethia mollis affect growth of Pinus jeffreyi seedlings? AN - 18456813; 5420188 AB - Regeneration of Pinus jeffreyi in the Sierra Nevada is often limited on sites dominated by Wyethia mollis. Allelopathic chemicals and competition for soil moisture have been suggested as possible mechanisms for limiting regeneration. We tested the hypothesis that soil chemical and microbial properties from sites in different stages of succession influence seedling growth of Pinus jeffreyi. Soil was collected from an early-seral site dominated by Wyethia mollis, a mid-seral site dominated by the shrubs Arctostaphylos patula, Ceanothus prostratus, C. velutinus, and Purshia tridentata, and a late-seral site dominated by mature Pinus. These sites were compared for nutrient content, Pinus seedling growth capacity, and microbial population size. Soil (0-33 cm) from the early-seral site had the lowest C, microbial biomass, and fungal and bacterial populations. There were no consistent trends in soil nutrient content among sites. The early-seral site had the lowest soil Ca and Mg contents but also had a lower C/N ratio and more than twofold greater P content than either the mid- or late-seral site. Pinus seedling growth and foliar nutrient concentrations were compared at 3 harvest dates (220, 314, and 417 days after germination) in a greenhouse bioassay. The treatment design was a 3 x 2 factorial with soil from each of the 3 sites either with or without Pinus seedlings. Pots without seedlings were used as controls to assess the effects of seedlings on microbial biomass. Seedling growth in the early-seral soil was initially suppressed in comparison to growth in the mid-seral soil, but by the final harvest total seedling weight was similar between these 2 treatments. The most obvious treatment effect was a reduction in growth for seedlings planted in late-seral soil, probably due to a nutrient imbalance in the soil. Seedlings grown in late-seral soil had Fe and Al levels that were nearly twice those of seedlings grown in early- and mid-seral soils. Microbial biomass followed a temporal pattern similar to that found for seedling growth. Differences in microbial biomass between the early- and mid-seral soils, although initially large, were not detected by the final harvest. We interpret these results to indicate that allelopathy or soil nutrient deficiencies resulting from the presence of Wyethia are unlikely to be responsible for limited growth of Pinus seedlings in Wyethia-dominated stands. JF - Western North American Naturalist AU - Riegel, G M AU - Svejcar, T J AU - Busse, MD AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Area Ecology Program, 1645 NE Highway 20, Bend, OR 97701, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 141 EP - 150 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 1527-0904, 1527-0904 KW - Jeffrey PIne KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18456813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Does+the+presence+of+Wyethia+mollis+affect+growth+of+Pinus+jeffreyi+seedlings%3F&rft.au=Riegel%2C+G+M%3BSvejcar%2C+T+J%3BBusse%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Riegel&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.issn=15270904&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acetic acid production by Dekkera/Brettanomyces yeasts AN - 18423061; 5398130 AB - Yeast belonging to the genera Brettanomyces and Dekkera are noted for spoiling cellar and bottled wine through the production of haze, turbidity and acetic acid. However, I was unable to find information on the use of these yeasts for the expressed purpose of acetic acid production. Sixty yeast strains belonging to these, and several other genera, from the ARS Culture Collection, Peoria, IL, were screened for their ability to produce both ethanol and/or acetic acid. For ethanol production, the strains were grown anaerobically at 24 and 30 degree C in batch culture using glucose (100 g/l) as the carbon/energy source. For acetic acid production, the strains were grown aerobically in batch culture using either glucose (100 g/l) or ethanol (35 g/l) as the carbon/energy source. In the initial ethanol production screen, 19 strains produced at least 45 g ethanol/l. In the initial acetic acid screen, 28 of the yeast strains produced at least 5 g acetic acid/l from 100 g glucose/l, while 23 strains produced at least 5 g acetic acid/l from 35 g ethanol/l. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Freer, S N AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, freersn@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 271 EP - 275 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - acetic acid KW - ethanol KW - glucose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18423061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Acetic+acid+production+by+Dekkera%2FBrettanomyces+yeasts&rft.au=Freer%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Freer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does the availability of artificial cavities affect cavity excavation rates in Red-cockaded Woodpeckers? AN - 18414571; 5401006 AB - Rates of cavity excavation by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) were examined from 1983 to 1999 on the Angelina National Forest in east Texas. We compared the rate of natural cavity excavation between 1983 and 1990 (before artificial cavities were available) with the rate of cavity excavation between 1992 and 1999, a period when artificial cavities were regularly installed within active woodpecker cavity-tree clusters. Our comparison was restricted to cavity-tree clusters in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and loblolly (P. taeda)-shortleaf (P. echinata) pine habitats where woodpecker groups were present for the entire period between 1983 and 1999. Excavation rate of new cavities was significantly higher in longleaf pine habitat when artificial cavities were not available than during the subsequent period when artificial cavities were provided in all active cavity-tree clusters. In loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat, we did not detect a significant difference in the rate of new cavity excavation between the periods before and after the use of artificial cavities. We attribute the difference in results between habitats to a relative scarcity of cavities in loblolly-shortleaf pine sites due to a higher bark beetle-induced cavity tree mortality. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Conner, R N AU - Saenz, D AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Schaefer, R R AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Laboratory, Southern Research Station, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, Texas 75962 USA, c_connerrn@titan.sfasu.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 125 EP - 129 PB - Association of Field Ornithologists VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Pines KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18414571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Does+the+availability+of+artificial+cavities+affect+cavity+excavation+rates+in+Red-cockaded+Woodpeckers%3F&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BSaenz%2C+D%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0273-8570%282002%29073%280125%3ADTAOAC%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0273-8570&volume=73&page=125 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0273-8570(2002)073(0125:DTAOAC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-farm evaluation of Beauveria bassiana for control of Ostrinia nubilalis in Iowa, USA AN - 18411720; 5397498 AB - Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a severe pest of corn in the major corn growing areas of the United States. The efficacy of a Beauveria bassiana application, for season-long suppression of O. nubilalis was evaluated in 1996 and 1997 at locations across Iowa. Beauveria bassiana, Mycotech 726 (Mycotech Corporation, Butte, MT) formulated on corn grit granules (14-20 mesh) at 2.2 x 10 super(9) conidia/g and applied with a hand-held applicator at the rate of 0.4 g/plant (8.8 x 10 super(8) conidia/plant). Applications were made when plants were in the V7 or R1 growth stage. The length of larval tunneling, percentage of plants not infested with O. nubilalis, percentage of plants with an endophyte, and yield from treated and control plots were determined. Whorl-stage application of B. bassiana in 1996 resulted in a significant reduction in centimeters of tunneling (46-55%) and the percentage plants not infested by O. nubilalis. In 1997, B. bassiana caused significant reductions in larval tunneling at all locations (20-53%); however, a significant increase in the percentage of plants not infested with O. nubilalis occurred at only one location. Treatment of plants with B. bassiana in 1997 did not significantly increase the percentage of plants with an endophyte; however, the trend, with the exception of one site, was for a greater percentage of endophytic plants in treated versus untreated plots. A whorl-stage application of a granular formulation of B. bassiana was most efficacious in reducing O. nubilalis larval damage. JF - BioControl AU - Lewis, L C AU - Bruck, D J AU - Gunnarson, R D AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory, c/o Insectary Building, Ames, Iowa, USA, leslewis@iastate.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 167 EP - 176 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 1386-6141, 1386-6141 KW - European corn borer KW - Lepidoptera KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18411720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioControl&rft.atitle=On-farm+evaluation+of+Beauveria+bassiana+for+control+of+Ostrinia+nubilalis+in+Iowa%2C+USA&rft.au=Lewis%2C+L+C%3BBruck%2C+D+J%3BGunnarson%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioControl&rft.issn=13866141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with foliar disease of staked fresh market tomatoes grown under differing bed strategies AN - 18403545; 5388886 AB - The use of mulch or compost to reduce foliar disease in fresh market tomato could reduce fungicide use. Between 1997 and 1999, foliar disease was monitored in tomatoes grown in beds with bare soil, black polyethylene, composted dairy manure, or hairy vetch. Early blight was reduced in plots with vetch compared with bare soil or compost in all years and compared with polyethylene cover in 1 year. Early blight was reduced in plots with polyethylene versus compost and bare soil in 1 and 2 years, respectively. Septoria leaf spot was reduced in plots with vetch versus other bed strategies in 1998 and bare soil or compost in 1999. This disease was reduced in plots with polyethylene versus bare soil or compost in 1998 and 1999. Soil coverage of tomato leaflets and soil particle dispersal were reduced in plots with polyethylene or vetch versus bare soil or compost in both years that these variables were assessed. Sensor wetness duration was reduced in plots with polyethylene or vetch versus bare soil or compost in one of two years. These findings suggest that foliar disease reduction in mulch was associated with reduced splash dispersal and, in one year, reduced leaf wetness. JF - Plant Disease AU - Mills, D J AU - Coffman, C B AU - Teasdale, J R AU - Everts, K L AU - Anderson, J D AD - Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, Henry A. Wallace-Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ccoffman@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 356 EP - 361 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - polyethylene KW - tomato KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18403545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+foliar+disease+of+staked+fresh+market+tomatoes+grown+under+differing+bed+strategies&rft.au=Mills%2C+D+J%3BCoffman%2C+C+B%3BTeasdale%2C+J+R%3BEverts%2C+K+L%3BAnderson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canopy arthropod assemblages along a precipitation and latitudinal gradient among Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii forests in the Pacific Northwest of the United States AN - 18400785; 5386906 AB - Insects are particularly sensitive to environmental conditions and can serve as responsive indicators of changing climatic patterns and habitat conditions. However, changes in patterns of abundance over environmental gradients in forest ecosystems are poorly known. To examine landscape patterns of invertebrate assemblages, arboreal arthropods were collected during two seasons (spring and summer) by bagging branches from the lower, middle and upper canopy levels from six stands in nine second-growth (100-150 yr old) forests and old-growth (500 yr old) forests in Washington and Oregon. Detrended correspondence analysis and multi-response permutation procedure showed that the composition of the canopy assemblages varied significantly with latitude, precipitation and tree age. Indicator analysis was used to assess each taxon's importance in response to the environmental variables. Individual taxa showed associations with latitudinal and precipitation gradients, and between old-growth and mature Douglas-fir. These effects may be used to anticipate the impacts of climate change or land use scenarios on the spatial patterns of forest invertebrate assemblages. JF - Ecography AU - Progar, R A AU - Schowalter, T D AD - Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, Boise Field Office, 1249 S. Vinnell Way, Suite 200, Boise, ID 83709, USA, rprogar@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 129 EP - 138 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0906-7590, 0906-7590 KW - Douglas-fir KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18400785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecography&rft.atitle=Canopy+arthropod+assemblages+along+a+precipitation+and+latitudinal+gradient+among+Douglas-fir+Pseudotsuga+menziesii+forests+in+the+Pacific+Northwest+of+the+United+States&rft.au=Progar%2C+R+A%3BSchowalter%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Progar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecography&rft.issn=09067590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions Among the Aphid Diuraphis noxia, the Entomopathogenic Fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and the Coccinellid Hippodamia convergens AN - 18399944; 5388092 AB - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith is under development as a mycoinsecticide for control of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov. Interactions with other natural enemies within the agro-ecosystem, such as the coccinellid Hippodamia convergens Guerin, require evaluation before its potential can be realized. In laboratory bioassays H. convergens adults were sprayed with suspensions of P. fumosoroseus conidia at different concentrations (including potential field rates) and mortality assessed. Although a proportion of coccinellids succumbed to infection (the greatest proportion was 22% when the ladybirds had suffered stress) it is unlikely that they would be at risk from infection as a direct result of a spray application unless there were prolonged periods of high humidity or the coccinellids were stressed. When provided with uninfected or P. fumosoroseus-infected D. noxia cadavers as prey, coccinellids consumed more uninfected aphids. The predators never consumed aphid cadavers from which the fungus was erupting or sporulating. Hippodamia convergens is, therefore, unlikely to be a significant intraguild predator of P. fumosoroseus. Predators contaminated with conidia of P. fumosoroseus using different methods (sprayed coccinellids, coccinellids foraging on sprayed aphids, and those foraging in the presence of sporulating D. noxia cadavers) were able to transfer conidia to healthy D. noxia populations and initiate infection in a proportion of those aphids. The proportion of aphids becoming infected was greatest when the coccinellids became contaminated when foraging amongst sporulating cadavers. Some coccinellids also succumbed to infection under these conditions. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Pell, J K AU - Vandenberg, J D AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, judith.pell@bbsrc.ac.uk Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 217 EP - 224 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Aphids KW - Coleoptera KW - Homoptera KW - Ladybird beetles KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18399944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Interactions+Among+the+Aphid+Diuraphis+noxia%2C+the+Entomopathogenic+Fungus+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+and+the+Coccinellid+Hippodamia+convergens&rft.au=Pell%2C+J+K%3BVandenberg%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Pell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09583150120124478 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583150120124478 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interacting elevated CO sub(2) and tropospheric O sub(3) predisposes aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) to infection by rust (Melampsora medusae f. sp. tremuloidae ) AN - 18392677; 5380769 AB - We investigated the interaction of elevated CO sub(2) and/or (Ozone) O sub(3) on the occurrence and severity of aspen leaf rust (Melampsora medusae Thuem. f. sp. tremuloidae ) on trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Furthermore, we examined the role of changes in leaf surface properties induced by elevated CO sub(2) and/or O sub(3) in this host-pathogen interaction. Three- to five-fold increases in levels of rust infection index were found in 2 consecutive years following growing-season-long exposures with either O sub(3) alone or CO sub(2) + O sub(3) depending on aspen clone. Examination of leaf surface properties (wax appearance, wax amount, wax chemical composition, leaf surface and wettability) suggested significant effects by O sub(3) and CO sub(2) + O sub(3) . We conclude that elevated O sub(3) is altering aspen leaf surfaces in such a way that it is likely predisposing the plants to increased infection by aspen leaf rust. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Karnosky, D F AU - Percy, KE AU - Xiang, B AU - Callan, B AU - Noormets, A AU - Mankovska, B AU - Hopkin, A AU - Sober, J AU - Jones, W AU - Dickson, R E AU - Isebrands, J G AD - Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931 USA, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Atlantic Forestry Centre, PO Box 4000, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada, Forest Research Institute, T.G. Masarykova Street 2195, 960 92 Zvolen, Slovakia, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 5M7, Canada, **USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, Wisconsin 54501 USA, Karnosky@mtu.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 329 EP - 338 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Quaking aspen KW - infection KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18392677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Interacting+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+and+tropospheric+O+sub%283%29+predisposes+aspen+%28Populus+tremuloides+Michx.%29+to+infection+by+rust+%28Melampsora+medusae+f.+sp.+tremuloidae+%29&rft.au=Karnosky%2C+D+F%3BPercy%2C+KE%3BXiang%2C+B%3BCallan%2C+B%3BNoormets%2C+A%3BMankovska%2C+B%3BHopkin%2C+A%3BSober%2C+J%3BJones%2C+W%3BDickson%2C+R+E%3BIsebrands%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Karnosky&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1354-1013.2002.00479.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00479.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a partial duplication of the aflatoxin gene cluster in Aspergillus parasiticus ATCC 56775 AN - 18379041; 5358551 AB - A partial duplication of the complete aflatoxin gene cluster containing homologues of aflR-aflJ-adhA-estA-norA-ver1and omtB was identified from Aspergillus parasiticus ATCC 56775. The genes, verA-avnA-verB-avfA, between ver1 and omtB in the complete gene cluster, however, were not found. One-hybrid assays showed that the duplicated aflRgene (aflR2) encoded a protein that could activate transcription just as that encoded by aflR1,the aflR gene in the complete gene cluster. Two-hybrid assays showed that AFLR2 also interacted with a putative coactivator, AFLJ1, at comparable levels to AFLR1. Deletion of aflR1 resulted in the loss of production of aflatoxin precursors, which suggested that aflR2could not completely replace the function of aflR1. Point mutations found in adhA2, pre-termination in ver1B and norA2,and a large deletion in omtB2 probably render these duplicated genes to become nonfunctional. A close examination of the history of isolates reported to have a partial duplication suggested that duplication of the aflatoxin cluster is not a prevalent event. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Chang, P K AU - Yu, J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA, pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 632 EP - 636 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00253/bibs/2058 005/20580632.htm] VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - aflR gene KW - aflR1 gene KW - aflR2 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18379041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+partial+duplication+of+the+aflatoxin+gene+cluster+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus+ATCC+56775&rft.au=Chang%2C+P+K%3BYu%2C+J&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=632&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-002-0945-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-0945-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genome Scale Comparison of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium Reveals Potential Diagnostic Sequences AN - 18371065; 5348848 AB - The genetic similarity between Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and other mycobacterial species has confounded the development of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific diagnostic reagents. Random shotgun sequencing of the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome in our laboratories has shown >98% sequence identity with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in some regions. However, an in silico comparison of the largest annotated M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis contigs, totaling 2,658,271 bp, with the unfinished M. avium subsp. avium genome has revealed 27 predicted M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis coding sequences that do not align with M. avium subsp. avium sequences. BLASTP analysis of the 27 predicted coding sequences (genes) shows that 24 do not match sequences in public sequence databases, such as GenBank. These novel sequences were examined by PCR amplification with genomic DNA from eight mycobacterial species and Ten independent isolates of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. From these analyses, 21 genes were found to be present in all M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates and absent from all other mycobacterial species tested. One region of the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome contains a cluster of eight genes, arranged in tandem, that is absent in other mycobacterial species. This region spans 4.4 kb and is separated from other predicted coding regions by 1,408 bp upstream and 1,092 bp downstream. The gene upstream of this eight-gene cluster has strong similarity to mycobacteriophage integrase sequences. The GC content of this 4.4-kb region is 66%, which is similar to the rest of the genome, indicating that this region was not horizontally acquired recently. Southern hybridization analysis confirmed that this gene cluster is present only in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Collectively, these studies suggest that a genomics approach will help in identifying novel M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genes as candidate diagnostic sequences. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Bannantine, J P AU - Baechler, E AU - Zhang, Q AU - Li, L AU - Kapur, V AD - National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, 2300 North Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010., jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 1303 EP - 1310 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18371065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genome+Scale+Comparison+of+Mycobacterium+avium+subsp.+paratuberculosis+with+Mycobacterium+avium+subsp.+avium+Reveals+Potential+Diagnostic+Sequences&rft.au=Bannantine%2C+J+P%3BBaechler%2C+E%3BZhang%2C+Q%3BLi%2C+L%3BKapur%2C+V&rft.aulast=Bannantine&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.4.1303-1310.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.4.1303-1310.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of Aspergillus section Flavi among field soils from the four agroecological zones of the republic of Benin, West Africa AN - 18341463; 5388465 AB - Certain members of Aspergillus section Flavi produce carcinogenic and immunotoxic metabolites called aflatoxins. These fungi perennate in soils and infect maize grain in the field and in storage. The distribution of Aspergillus section Flavi across the four different agroecologies of Benin Republic was determined. The four agroecological zones range from humid equatorial tropics in the south to the dry savanna near the Sahara desert in the north. Soil samples collected in 1994 to 1996 from 44 different maize fields in Benin were assayed over 3 years (88 samples total) for fungi in Aspergillus section Flavi. All soils tested contained A. flavus. Isolates (1,454 total) were collected by dilution plate from the soils and existed in populations ranging from 200 CFU/g of soil. CFU counts did not differ from year to year or change significantly with cropping systems within a zone, but differed significantly among zones. Incidence of A. flavus strain isolations varied from south to north, with greater number of CFU of L strain isolates in southern latitudes and higher numbers of CFU of S strain isolates found in the north. The L strain isolates occurred in 81 of 88 samples, whereas S strain isolates were in only 41 of 88 soil samples. Of 96 L strain isolates tested, 44% produced aflatoxins. Only B toxins were produced, and toxigenic isolates averaged over 100 mu g of aflatoxin B sub(1) per 70 ml of fermentation medium ( approximately 1.4 ppm). All S strain isolates produced both B and G aflatoxins, averaging over 557 mu g of aflatoxin B sub(1) per 70 ml (8 ppm) and 197 mu g of aflatoxin G sub(1) per 70 ml of fermentation medium (2.8 ppm). A. parasiticus and A. tamarii were present in less than 10% of the fields and were not associated with any particular agroecological zone. JF - Plant Disease AU - Cardwell, K F AU - Cotty, P J AD - International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, B.P. 08-0932, Cotonou, Benin, and U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, SRRC, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA, Kcardwell@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 434 EP - 439 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Soil KW - Geographical distribution KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Benin KW - Aflatoxins KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18341463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+Aspergillus+section+Flavi+among+field+soils+from+the+four+agroecological+zones+of+the+republic+of+Benin%2C+West+Africa&rft.au=Cardwell%2C+K+F%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Benin; Soil; Geographical distribution; Aflatoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geo-referenced spatiotemporal analysis of the urban citrus canker epidemic in Florida AN - 18341140; 5388566 AB - Five areas in urban Miami were identified to study the spread of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri to determine if the practice of removing exposed citrus trees within 38.1 m of trees affected by citrus canker was adequate to curtail further bacterial spread. To accomplish this, 18,769 trees in dooryards were surveyed, geo-referenced by differential global positioning systems (GPS), and assayed for disease severity, age of infection, citrus cultivar, location of infection in tree, and canopy size. For each tree, the date the tree became infected was estimated and used to separate trees into contiguous 30-day categories. For each area studied, distance measurements between focal trees and newly infected trees were calculated for various temporal periods of 30, 60, 90, and 120 days in duration, corresponding to intervals of inspection survey. A visual basic application was used to calculate the distances between each newly diseased tree and all prior focal trees. The nearest distance was used because it was considered the most conservative estimate possible. It is therefore likely to be an underestimate of spread but is a good estimate of the minimum possible distances of spread. For the first four 30-day periods among the five study areas, calculated maximum distances of spread ranged from 12 to 3,474 m, indicating a broad continuum of distance for bacterial spread was possible. Disease increased during the first two-thirds of the time studied and reached an asymptote due to dry conditions in the final one-third of the duration of the study. Cross correlation analysis indicated that disease was best visualized 107 days following rainstorms with wind. Analysis of regional spatial point patterns was performed temporally for each 30-day period via a modified Ripley's K-function. Spatiotemporal analyses between periods over areas larger than previously examined were accomplished via spatiotemporal semivariogram analysis. These methods in combination demonstrated rapid increases in range of spatial dependency and range of spatiotemporal dependency for all study sites. This corresponded to rapid spread of disease across the regions studied in response to rainstorms with wind followed by a 'filling in' of disease on remaining noninfected susceptible trees through time by less intense rain events. A stochastic quadratization technique demonstrated that disease incidence and disease severity were not greatly affected by urban host density but were positively correlated to host susceptibility within local 0.25-km super(2) quadrats. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Sun, X AU - Riley, T AU - Graham, J H AU - Ferrandino, F AU - Taylor, EL AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA, tgottwald@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 361 EP - 377 VL - 92 IS - 4 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Canker KW - Disease spread KW - Plant diseases KW - Spatial distribution KW - USA, Florida KW - Temporal variations KW - Disease resistance KW - Xanthomonas axonopodis KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18341140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Geo-referenced+spatiotemporal+analysis+of+the+urban+citrus+canker+epidemic+in+Florida&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BSun%2C+X%3BRiley%2C+T%3BGraham%2C+J+H%3BFerrandino%2C+F%3BTaylor%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthomonas axonopodis; USA, Florida; Plant diseases; Canker; Disease spread; Temporal variations; Spatial distribution; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting germination of Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis teliospores from yellow starthistle AN - 18337361; 5388564 AB - The rust fungus Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis is a candidate for biological control of yellow starthistle (YST). Part of the risk assessment includes determining if safflower seedlings are susceptible to infection by teliospores of P. jaceae. A protocol for germination of P. jaceae teliospores is needed to verify that teliospores used in comparative studies are viable. The protocol developed from this research has two steps: first, priming teliospores on water agar at 4 degree C in the dark, and second, incubating them at warmer temperatures for 1 week in the presence of an exogenous stimulator. Priming longer than 4 weeks resulted in significantly greater germination than priming for shorter periods. Sources of effective stimulator included seeds and seedlings of YST or safflower. The greatest germination occurred during incubation at 18 degree C in the dark. Teliospore germination was reduced after incubation with a 12- or 14-h photoperiod. A low percentage (<20%) of teliospores of two isolates germinated after 44 and 96 weeks of dry storage at room temperature; samples of each isolate tested after that did not germinate. Data indicate teliospores of several isolates of P. jaceae are viable, and the protocol will be used to prepare teliospores of P. jaceae for comparative studies with P. carthami on safflower seedlings. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bruckart, W L AU - Eskandari, F AD - US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA, wbruckart@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 355 EP - 360 VL - 92 IS - 4 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Germination KW - Puccinia jaceae KW - Teliospores KW - A 01030:General KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18337361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+germination+of+Puccinia+jaceae+var.+solstitialis+teliospores+from+yellow+starthistle&rft.au=Bruckart%2C+W+L%3BEskandari%2C+F&rft.aulast=Bruckart&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia jaceae; Teliospores; Germination; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predator Abundance in Alfalfa Fields in Relation to Aphids, Within-Field Vegetation, and Landscape Matrix AN - 18315349; 5363437 AB - We used multiple regression modeling to investigate the numerical response by the predatory insects Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, H. parenthesis (Say), and C. septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Chrysoaperla plorabunda (Fitch) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and Nabis americoferus Carayon (Hemiptera: Nabidae) to aphids during 5 yr in three geographically separated alfalfa fields in eastern South Dakota. Regression models for abundance of adults of all species were significant. Regression models for immature H. convergens, H. parenthesis, and C. septempunctata were significant, but regression models for immature C. plorabunda and N. americoferus were not significant. Regression parameters differed among the three fields for most predator species, indicating that the numerical response was dependent on geographical location. To obtain insight into why the numerical response by predators differed among fields we determined how the abundance of predators in alfalfa fields was influenced by the landscape surrounding a field and the vegetation in it. Variables describing the complexity of the landscape surrounding alfalfa fields and the plant community in the fields entered into regression models for predator abundance and explained a greater proportion of the variance in predator abundance than aphid abundance did. We conclude that the structure of the landscape matrix plays an important role in determining the abundance of aphid predators in alfalfa fields, as does the plant community in a field. These effects can sometimes overshadow the direct numerical response by predators to aphids. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Elliott, N C AU - Kieckhefer, R W AU - Michels, GJ Jr AU - Giles, K L AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Science Research Laboratory, 1301 N. Western Street, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA, nelliott@pswcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 253 EP - 260 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ladybird beetles KW - Green lacewings KW - Damsel bugs KW - Aphids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nabidae KW - Landscape KW - Abundance KW - Aphididae KW - Predators KW - Crops KW - Chrysopidae KW - Coccinellidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18315349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Predator+Abundance+in+Alfalfa+Fields+in+Relation+to+Aphids%2C+Within-Field+Vegetation%2C+and+Landscape+Matrix&rft.au=Elliott%2C+N+C%3BKieckhefer%2C+R+W%3BMichels%2C+GJ+Jr%3BGiles%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coccinellidae; Chrysopidae; Nabidae; Aphididae; Predators; Abundance; Crops; Landscape ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Habitat Depth on Host Location by Five Species of Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae, Chalcididae) of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Three Types of Substrates AN - 18314790; 5364484 AB - Four species of pteromalid parasitoids [Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia endius Walker, Spalangia gemina Boucek, and the chalcidid Dirhinus himalayanus (Masi)] were evaluated for their ability to locate house fly pupae at various depths in poultry manure (41% moisture), fly rearing medium (43% moisture), and sandy soil (4% moisture) from a dairy farm. Searching activity in manure was largely confined to the surface (M. raptor, D. himalayanus, and S. gemina) or to depths of up to 2 cm below the surface (S. endius, S. cameroni). S. cameroni was the most effective species at locating buried pupae in manure. All of the species searched over a wider range of habitat depths in fly rearing medium, although M. raptor and S. gemina tended to concentrate their searching activity relatively close to the surface of the substrate. Host attacks by these species at 6 cm were 30-40% lower than on the surface of the medium. S. endius searched uniformly at all depths in rearing medium and S. cameroni had highest rates of host attacks 1-2 cm below the surface of this substrate. The parasitoids displayed considerable fidelity to their search patterns regardless of whether or not they were given a choice of habitat depths in which they could find pupae. None of the parasitoids were effective at attacking fly pupae that were buried in sandy soil at any depth. The results suggest that fly larvae that pupate in the sandy soils typical of Florida's coastal plains are relatively impervious to attack by pupal parasitoids. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Geden, C J AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA, cgeden@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 411 EP - 417 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Chalcidid wasps KW - Face flies KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Habitat preferences KW - Muscidae KW - Parasitoids KW - Chalcididae KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18314790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Habitat+Depth+on+Host+Location+by+Five+Species+of+Parasitoids+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%2C+Chalcididae%29+of+House+Flies+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29+in+Three+Types+of+Substrates&rft.au=Geden%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Geden&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chalcididae; Muscidae; Habitat preferences; Parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions Among Two Species of Eretmocerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Two Species of Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), and Tomato AN - 18313687; 5364471 AB - Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the influence of two tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Miller) varieties ('Trust' and 'Floridade') on the biology of two whitefly species, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), and the interactions of host plant and whiteflies on the biology and parasitization of two parasitoid species, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich (native) and Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (exotic). Natural mortality, developmental time, and fecundity of B. argentifolii were not significantly different from those of T. vaporariorum on either tomato variety. The two species of Eretmocerus responded differently to the whitefly hosts. Eretmocerus mundus developed significantly faster, produced more progeny, and had greater parasitism and rate of emergence in B. argentifolii than in T. vaporariorum. Eretmocerus eremicus performed similarly on both whitefly species except that its females deposited more eggs in B. argentifolii than in T. vaporariorum nymphs. Females of both parasitoid species emerging from T. vaporariorum were significantly larger than those emerged from B. argentifolii. Tomato variety had no significant effect on the two parasitoid species. Eretmocerus eremicus attack both whiteflies efficiently and it can be used as a single species for whitefly management. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Greenberg, S M AU - Jones, WA AU - Liu, T-X AD - Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, ARS-USDA, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, sgreenberg@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 397 EP - 402 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - tomato KW - Greenhouse white fly KW - Whiteflies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Parasitism KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Aphelinidae KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Eretmocerus eremicus KW - Control programs KW - Tri-trophic interactions KW - Host plants KW - Eretmocerus mundus KW - Trialeurodes vaporariorum KW - Reproduction KW - Emergence KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18313687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Interactions+Among+Two+Species+of+Eretmocerus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphelinidae%29%2C+Two+Species+of+Whiteflies+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29%2C+and+Tomato&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+S+M%3BJones%2C+WA%3BLiu%2C+T-X&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; Bemisia argentifolii; Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Eretmocerus eremicus; Eretmocerus mundus; Aleyrodidae; Aphelinidae; Host-parasite interactions; Tri-trophic interactions; Emergence; Reproduction; Control programs; Host plants; Parasitism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated Pest Management for Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Blueberry AN - 18313539; 5364462 AB - The ecology and control for the little-understood, blueberry bud-infesting gall midge Dasincura oxycoccana (Johnson) was studied to help reduce an estimated 20-80% blueberry crop loss due to this insect in the southern United States. Principal natural enemies were eulophid wasps, 85% of which were Aprostocetus (Perkins). Overall parasitism rate was 7% in the field, at times peaking around 34%. A 75% decline in the abundance of larval D. oxycoccana coincided with parasitoid activity between April to September. Larval Toxomerus geminatus (Say) Metz (Syrphidae) were early-season predators of immature D. oxycoccana. Prey handling took 3-10 min, with each predator eating approximately seven gall midge larvae in a 16-h period. Prebloom applications of malathion would be effective larvicides against D. oxycoccana, inducing 94% mortality in 24 h. A microbial-based alternative to malathion, spinosad, induced average mortality of 46% in 24 h. Spinosad was as effective as phosmet (50% mortality in 24 h) for D. oxycoccana control. Patterns of host plant resistance to D. oxycoccana were not obvious among 26 cultivars, accessions and species of Vaccinium. Additionally, the use of a dormancy-breaking compound, hydrogen cyanamide, could also have a deleterious side effect: boosting gall midge populations and spurring 50% greater infestation of D. oxycoccana larvae in rabbiteye blueberry buds. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Sampson, B J AU - Stringer, S J AU - Spiers, J M AD - Small Fruit Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA, bsampson@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 339 EP - 347 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Gall midges KW - Gall gnats KW - Blueberries KW - Cranberries KW - Eulophid wasps KW - Eulophids KW - Syrphid flies KW - Hover flies KW - phosmet KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Predators KW - Vaccinium KW - Malathion KW - Eulophidae KW - Pesticide applications KW - Aprostocetus KW - Toxomerus geminatus KW - Syrphidae KW - Cecidomyiidae KW - Dasineura oxycoccana KW - Integrated control KW - Parasitoids KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18313539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Integrated+Pest+Management+for+Dasineura+oxycoccana+%28Diptera%3A+Cecidomyiidae%29+in+Blueberry&rft.au=Sampson%2C+B+J%3BStringer%2C+S+J%3BSpiers%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Sampson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cecidomyiidae; Dasineura oxycoccana; Aprostocetus; Vaccinium; Toxomerus geminatus; Eulophidae; Syrphidae; Integrated control; Malathion; Pesticide applications; Predators; Parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Forest Management Practices on the Federally Endangered Running Buffalo Clover (Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex. A. Eaton) AN - 18313486; 5368786 AB - Running buffalo clover (Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex. A. Eaton), a federally endangered plant species, often occurs in habitats affected by periodic disturbance such as mowing or grazing. At the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, USA, it is most often associated with skid roads where uneven-aged silvicultural techniques are being tested. We monitored running buffalo clover population trends for seven years in two research compartments before and after scheduled silvicultural operations. Stem density (stems/m super(2)) was declining in both compartments prior to planned silvicultural operations, and ground-based skidding caused a further reduction in the number of running buffalo clover locations and stems. Running buffalo clover began to increase in density two years after the logging. Running buffalo clover excluded from ground disturbance increased in the second growing season following tree removal, but had declined by the third season. Running buffalo clover subjected to ground disturbance continued to increase in density during the third growing season. Canopy gaps, leaf area index, associated plants, and abiotic factors were compared between 35 sites supporting running buffalo clover and an equal number of randomly chosen sites in a third research compartment that had not been disturbed by silvicultural operations for 15 years. Running buffalo clover sites had greater gap areas and lower leaf area indexes than average for the whole compartment. Several herbaceous species, including Panicum L. spp., Eupatorium rugosum Houttuyn, and Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern., were found more frequently at sites supporting running buffalo clover than would be predicted by chance. Preliminary results indicate that controlling the intensity of surface disturbance, combined with the reduction in canopy density associated with uneven-aged silviculture, will help sustain populations of running buffalo clover in managed forests. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Madarish, D AU - Schuler, T M AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, P.O. Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA, tschuler@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 120 EP - 128 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Running buffalo clover KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Silviculture KW - Forest management KW - Population changes KW - Endangered species KW - Trifolium stoloniferum KW - USA, West Virginia KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18313486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Forest+Management+Practices+on+the+Federally+Endangered+Running+Buffalo+Clover+%28Trifolium+stoloniferum+Muhl.+ex.+A.+Eaton%29&rft.au=Madarish%2C+D%3BSchuler%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Madarish&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium stoloniferum; USA, West Virginia; Endangered species; Forest management; Population changes; Silviculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Successional Dynamics and Restoration Implications of a Montane Coniferous Forest in the Central Appalachians, USA AN - 18313464; 5368783 AB - Central Appalachian montane red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) communities have been greatly reduced in extent and functional quality over the past century. This community decline has put several plant and animal species, such as the endangered Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus Shaw), at risk from habitat loss, and has resulted in the elimination of these forests as a commercially important type. Where feasible, red spruce restoration efforts may help mitigate these regional trends and provide valuable lessons for community restoration efforts elsewhere. In a pilot study designed to better understand second-growth spruce structure, we inventoried trees and downed coarse woody debris in an isolated montane red spruce forest in West Virginia, USA. We quantified stand characteristics and compared them to structural characteristics of old-growth forest communities of similar composition. At this relict forest, stand initiation occurred in the early 1920s following a period of watershed-wide timber harvesting. Live tree basal area greater than or equal to 10 cm dbh (44.5 m super(2) ha super(-1)), snag density greater than or equal to 10 cm dbh (256 ha super(-1)), and total fallen log volume (86.2 m super(3) ha super(-1)) were similar to old-growth attributes. However, snag basal area greater than or equal to 10 cm dbh (4.6 m super(2) ha super(-1)), height of dominant and co-dominant red spruce (24.7 m), and maximum red spruce dbh (48.0 cm) were significantly less than would be expected in old-growth forests of similar composition. Red spruce comprised > 40% of dominant crown class trees and often was a main canopy emergent. However, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) had the highest relative importance value (51.7%), with red spruce (18.0%) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) (16.7%) representing lesser fractions. Stocking at 147% of threshold full stocking was correlated with slow growth rates for red spruce and eastern hemlock. Growth and yield simulations indicated current conditions would support a thinning in smaller size classes that could accelerate individual tree growth rates and decrease time required to attain additional old-growth structural characteristics. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Schuler, T M AU - Ford, WM AU - Collins, R J AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287, USA, tschuler@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 88 EP - 98 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Red spruce KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Picea rubens KW - Montane environments KW - Environmental restoration KW - Forests KW - Succession KW - USA, West Virginia KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18313464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Successional+Dynamics+and+Restoration+Implications+of+a+Montane+Coniferous+Forest+in+the+Central+Appalachians%2C+USA&rft.au=Schuler%2C+T+M%3BFord%2C+WM%3BCollins%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Schuler&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea rubens; USA, West Virginia; Forests; Environmental restoration; Succession; Montane environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large wood and fluvial processes AN - 18312961; 5362513 AB - Large wood forms an important component of woodland river ecosystems. The relationship between large wood and the physical characteristics of river systems varies greatly with changes in the tree species of the marginal woodland, the climatic and hydrological regime, the fluvial geomorphological setting and the river and woodland management context.Research on large wood and fluvial processes over the last 25 years has focussed on three main themes: the effects of wood on flow hydraulics; on the transfer of mineral and organic sediment; and on the geomorphology of river channels.Analogies between wood and mineral sediment transfer processes (supply, mobility and river characteristics that affect retention) are found useful as a framework for synthesising current knowledge on large wood in rivers.An important property of wood is its size when scaled to the size of the river channel. 'Small' channels are defined as those whose width is less than the majority of wood pieces (e.g. width < median wood piece length). `Medium' channels have widths greater than the size of most wood pieces (e.g. width < upper quartile wood piece length), and `Large' channels are wider than the length of all of the wood pieces delivered to them.A conceptual framework defined here for evaluating the storage and dynamics of wood in rivers ranks the relative importance of hydrological characteristics (flow regime, sediment transport regime), wood characteristics (piece size, buoyancy, morphological complexity) and geomorphological characteristics (channel width, geomorphological style) in `Small', `Medium' and `Large' rivers.Wood pieces are large in comparison with river size in `small' rivers, therefore they tend to remain close to where they are delivered to the river and provide important structures in the stream, controlling rather than responding to the hydrological and sediment transfer characteristics of the river.For `Medium' rivers, the combination of wood length and form becomes critical to the stability of wood within the channel. Wood accumulations form as a result of smaller or more mobile wood pieces accumulating behind key pieces. Wood transport is governed mainly by the flow regime and the buoyancy of the wood. Even quite large wood pieces may require partial burial to give them stability, so enhancing the importance of the sediment transport regime.Wood dynamics in `Large' rivers vary with the geometry of the channel (slope and channel pattern), which controls the delivery, mobility and breakage of wood, and also the characteristics of the riparian zone, from where the greatest volume of wood is introduced. Wood retention depends on the channel pattern and the distribution of flow velocity. A large amount is stored at the channel margins. The greater the contact between the active channel and the forested floodplain and islands, the greater the quantity of wood that is stored. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Gurnell, A M AU - Piegay, H AU - Swanson, F J AU - Gregory, S V AD - School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., UMR 5600 `Environnement-Ville-Societe du CNRS, Lyon, France, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A., Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A., a.m.gurnell@bham.ac.uk Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 601 EP - 619 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Geomorphology KW - Water flow KW - Wood KW - D 04310:Freshwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18312961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Large+wood+and+fluvial+processes&rft.au=Gurnell%2C+A+M%3BPiegay%2C+H%3BSwanson%2C+F+J%3BGregory%2C+S+V&rft.aulast=Gurnell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2427.2002.00916.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wood; Rivers; Water flow; Geomorphology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00916.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and Diel Activity Patterns of Predators Attacking Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs in Soybean and Sweet Corn AN - 18310706; 5363435 AB - Predation on lepidopteran eggs in soybean and corn and the temporal partitioning of predation among the predator species were examined in soybean Glycine max (L.) and sweet corn Zea mays (L.). The complex of predators feeding on lepidopteran eggs [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)] and the key predators discovered in this study were different in each crop. The dominant predator in each crop was consistent from year to year but the secondary predators varied in importance. Nabids were the dominant predator group in soybean contributing 51 and 50% of the observed predation events in 1993 and 1994, respectively. The coccinellid, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), was the dominant predator in corn contributing 43.9 and 46.3% of the observed predation events in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Other predators causing greater than or equal to 10% of the observed predation events included Geocoris punctipes Say and the Phalangiidae in soybean, and the nabids, Orius insidiosus Say and Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in sweet corn. All predators observed feeding exhibited taxa specific diel patterns of predation. C. maculata, O. insidiosus and G. punctipes were primarily day active, with 75, 85.7, and 100% of observed predation events occurring during daylight hours, respectively. Nabids were primarily nocturnal with 84.2% of predation events happening at night. Phalangiids, Clubiona abbotii Koch, Lygus lineolaris, and the elaterids were only observed preying upon H. zea eggs nocturnally. Because the dominant predators and their diel activity varied between crops, the period of peak egg predation did also. Egg predation was usually higher during the day in corn and at night in soybean. Crop, date, and time of day all affected intensity of predation on H. zea eggs. Predation in both crops increased through the beginning of August and then declined on the last sampling date. Predation was usually higher in corn than in soybean (three of four sample dates). However, when anthesis was occurring in corn plots, predation rates in soybean and corn were similar. Apparently the availability of sweet corn pollen as an alternative food source for C. maculata caused a reduction in egg predation. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Pfannenstiel, R S AU - Yeargan, K V AD - Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, rpfannenstiel@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 232 EP - 241 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Noctuid moths KW - soybean KW - maize KW - Corn earworm KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Predators KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Crops KW - Eggs KW - Glycine max KW - Diel activity KW - Zea mays KW - Noctuidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18310706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+Diel+Activity+Patterns+of+Predators+Attacking+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+Eggs+in+Soybean+and+Sweet+Corn&rft.au=Pfannenstiel%2C+R+S%3BYeargan%2C+K+V&rft.aulast=Pfannenstiel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Glycine max; Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Predators; Diel activity; Eggs; Crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Cotton Microhabitat on Temperature and Survival of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) within Cardboard Capsules AN - 18309850; 5364466 AB - Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine the most suitable release sites in cotton for inundatively released encapsulated Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner. Atypical applications of a plant growth regulator, mepiquat chloride (Pix), were used to manipulate cotton plant size and canopy closure to produce a range of plant sizes that might be present in North Carolina when Trichogramma releases for suppression of third-generation (F sub(3)) heliothines were made. Pix treatments had a significant effect on canopy closure, which significantly influenced the number of hours soil surface temperatures between rows were greater than or equal to 35 degree C. The mean daily number of hours temperatures were greater than or equal to 35 degree C was greatest on the soil surface between rows, followed by in the canopy, then soil surface within rows. A significant correlation between the number of hours preimaginal Trichogramma were exposed to temperatures greater than or equal to 35 degree C and Trichogramma emergence was found in 1997. Consequently, suitability of the soil surface as a release site for Trichogramma capsules depended significantly on the level of canopy closure, location of capsules relative to the center of rows, and length of time capsules remained in the field before parasitoid emergence. Our results indicate that these factors should be considered when implementing augmentative releases of Trichogramma wasps in cotton. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Suh, CP-C AU - Orr, D B AU - Van Duyn, JW AU - Borchert, D M AD - USDA-ARS-APMRU, 2771 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, suh@usda-apmru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 361 EP - 366 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Trichogrammatid wasps KW - Trichogrammatids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Trichogrammatidae KW - Trichogramma KW - Control programs KW - Survival KW - Gossypium KW - Microenvironments KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18309850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Cotton+Microhabitat+on+Temperature+and+Survival+of+Trichogramma+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Trichogrammatidae%29+within+Cardboard+Capsules&rft.au=Suh%2C+CP-C%3BOrr%2C+D+B%3BVan+Duyn%2C+JW%3BBorchert%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Suh&rft.aufirst=CP-C&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium; Trichogramma; Trichogrammatidae; Control programs; Temperature effects; Survival; Microenvironments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Affecting Egg Hatch, Development, and Survival of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Reared on an Artificial Feeding System AN - 18308457; 5363444 AB - Improvements in the way Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring is managed have led to reduced whitefly populations in the southwest United States. However, the potential of the silverleaf whitefly to develop new biotypes, as well as its apparently increasing role in virus transmission, makes it a persistent threat in many parts of the world. Characteristics such as biotype formation and vector competency are at least partially explained by the host range of B. argentifolii. Consequently, a better understanding of the factors that play a role in the host acceptance process and subsequent development of this pest could lead to novel control strategies. Here we used a newly developed artificial feeding system that consists of a polycarbonate chamber, equipped with a Teflon membrane, and filled with a sterilized artificial diet, to determine how biotic and abiotic factors influenced egg hatch, crawler establishment, and development of B. argentifolii. Egg age significantly influenced hatch rates, and to a lesser extent survival and development of nymphs reared on the artificial diet. Five- to six-day-old eggs had higher hatch rates, and nymphs survived longer and developed faster than nymphs from younger or older eggs. There were negative associations between the number of eggs placed on the membranes and both hatch rate and establishment of crawlers. Eggs oviposited on and then subsequently removed from plants held under long-day conditions (14:10 [L:D] h) or high light intensity (36,000 lux) had higher hatch rates than eggs oviposited under short-day conditions (10:14 [L:D] h) or low light intensity ( approximately 11,000 lux). Long-day conditions during oviposition also significantly enhanced survival of nymphs through day 20 and developmental rate for day 6 counts. Light intensity, at least for the range tested here, did not significantly affect development or survival of whitefly nymphs. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Blackmer, J L AU - Lee, L L AU - Henneberry, T J AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, jblackmer@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 306 EP - 312 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Whiteflies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Control programs KW - Artificial diets KW - Survival KW - Pest control KW - Development KW - Eggs KW - USA KW - Hatching KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18308457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Factors+Affecting+Egg+Hatch%2C+Development%2C+and+Survival+of+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+Reared+on+an+Artificial+Feeding+System&rft.au=Blackmer%2C+J+L%3BLee%2C+L+L%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Blackmer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=306&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Bemisia argentifolii; USA; Eggs; Hatching; Development; Survival; Artificial diets; Pest control; Control programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential Regulation of mnp2, a New Manganese Peroxidase-Encoding Gene from the Ligninolytic Fungus Trametes versicolor PRL 572 AN - 18303055; 5350041 AB - A peroxidase-encoding gene, mnp2, and its corresponding cDNA were characterized from the white-rot basidiomycete Trametes versicolor PRL 572. We used quantitative reverse transcriptase-mediated PCR to identify mnp2 transcripts in nutrient-limited stationary cultures. Although mnp2 lacks upstream metal response elements (MREs), addition of MnSO sub(4) to cultures increased mnp2 transcript levels 250-fold. In contrast, transcript levels of an MRE-containing gene of T. versicolor, mnp1, increased only eightfold under the same conditions. Thus, the manganese peroxidase genes in T. versicolor are differentially regulated, and upstream MREs are not necessarily involved. Our results support the hypothesis that fungal and plant peroxidases arose through an ancient duplication and folding of two structural domains, since we found the mnp1 and mnp2 polypeptides to have internal homology. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Johansson, T AU - Nyman, PO AU - Cullen, D AD - Institute of Microbial and Biochemical Technology, USDA Forest Service, Forest Product Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705., dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 2077 EP - 2080 VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - metal response elements KW - cDNA KW - mnp2 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Peroxidase KW - Gene regulation KW - Trametes versicolor KW - Manganese peroxidase KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18303055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Differential+Regulation+of+mnp2%2C+a+New+Manganese+Peroxidase-Encoding+Gene+from+the+Ligninolytic+Fungus+Trametes+versicolor+PRL+572&rft.au=Johansson%2C+T%3BNyman%2C+PO%3BCullen%2C+D&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2077&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.4.2077-2080.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trametes versicolor; Gene regulation; Peroxidase; Manganese peroxidase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.4.2077-2080.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of spatial models to predict vulnerability of forest birds to brood parasitism by cowbirds AN - 18293814; 5351807 AB - We constructed alternative spatial models at two scales to predict Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism rates from land cover maps. The local-scale models tested competing hypotheses about the relationship between cowbird parasitism and distance of host nests from a forest edge (forest-nonforest boundary). The landscape models tested competing hypotheses about how landscape features (e.g., forests, agricultural fields) interact to determine rates of cowbird parasitism. The models incorporate spatial neighborhoods with a radius of 2.5 km in their formulation, reflecting the scale of the majority of cowbird commuting activity. Field data on parasitism by cowbirds (parasitism rate and number of cowbird eggs per nest) were collected at 28 sites in the Driftless Area Ecoregion of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa and were compared to the predictions of the alternative models. At the local scale, there was a significant positive relationship between cowbird parasitism and mean distance of nest sites from the forest edge. At the landscape scale, the best fitting models were the forest-dependent and forest-fragmentation-dependent models, in which more heavily forested and less fragmented landscapes had higher parasitism rates. However, much of the explanatory power of these models results from the inclusion of the local-scale relationship in these models. We found lower rates of cowbird parasitism than did most Midwestern studies, and we identified landscape patterns of cowbird parasitism that are opposite to those reported in several other studies of Midwestern songbirds. We caution that cowbird parasitism patterns can be unpredictable, depending upon ecoregional location and the spatial extent, and that our models should be tested in other ecoregions before they are applied there. Our study confirms that cowbird biology has a strong spatial component, and that improved spatial models applied at multiple spatial scales will be required to predict the effects of landscape and forest management on cowbird parasitism of forest birds. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Gustafson, E J AU - Knutson, M G AU - Niemi, G J AU - Friberg, M AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, Wisconsin 54501, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 412 EP - 426 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Brown-headed cowbird KW - Birds KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - USA KW - Spatial distribution KW - Molothrus ater KW - Forests KW - brood parasitism KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Edge effect KW - Models KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18293814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+spatial+models+to+predict+vulnerability+of+forest+birds+to+brood+parasitism+by+cowbirds&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+E+J%3BKnutson%2C+M+G%3BNiemi%2C+G+J%3BFriberg%2C+M&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molothrus ater; Aves; USA; brood parasitism; Models; Forests; Edge effect; Habitat fragmentation; Spatial distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global Regulation by gidA in Pseudomonas syringae AN - 18290689; 5348731 AB - Analysis of two virulence mutants of Pseudomonas syringae B728a revealed that the Tn 5 sites of insertion were within the gidA open reading frame (ORF). These mutations were pleiotropic, affecting diverse phenotypic traits, such as lipodepsipeptide (syringomycin and syringopeptin) antibiotic production, swarming, presence of fluorescent pigment, and virulence. Site-specific recombination of a disrupted gidA gene into the chromosome resulted in the same phenotypic pattern as transposon insertion. Mutant phenotypes were restored by the gidA ORF on a plasmid. The salA gene, a copy number suppressor of the syringomycin-deficient phenotype in gacS and gacA mutants, was also found to suppress the antibiotic-negative phenotypes of gidA mutants, suggesting that gidA might play some role in salA regulation. Reporter studies with chromosomal salA-lacZ translational fusions confirmed that salA reporter expression decreased approximately fivefold in a gidA mutant background, with a concurrent decrease in the expression of the syringomycin biosynthetic reporter fusion syrB-lacZ. Wild-type levels of reporter expression were restored by supplying an intact gidA gene on a plasmid. Often described as being involved in cell division, more recent evidence suggests a role for gidA in moderating translational fidelity, suggesting a mechanism by which global regulation might occur. The gidA gene is essentially universal in the domains Bacteria and Eucarya but has no counterparts in Archaea, probably reflecting specific differences in the translational machinery between the former and latter domains. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Kinscherf, T G AU - Willis, D K AD - USDA/ARS Plant Disease Resistance Research Unit, Dept. of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706., dkwillis@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 2281 EP - 2286 VL - 184 IS - 8 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - gacS gene KW - gidA gene KW - salA gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Eucarya KW - Archaea KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18290689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Global+Regulation+by+gidA+in+Pseudomonas+syringae&rft.au=Kinscherf%2C+T+G%3BWillis%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Kinscherf&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.184.8.2281-2286.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas syringae; Archaea; Eucarya; Virulence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.8.2281-2286.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties of iron oxides in streams draining the Loess Uplands of Mississippi AN - 16139340; 5361377 AB - Iron oxide precipitates are abundant in small stream systems of NW Mississippi, USA especially during the wet winter months. The properties of these specific materials are unknown even though they have the potential to influence soil physical properties and adsorb chemical pollutants in sediment environments. Streamwater and associated precipitates were collected from 4 representative streams at Cedar Creek (CC), Lee's Creek (LC), Spring Creek (SC), and Toby Creek (TC) during winter flow periods. Precipitate specimens were characterized for mineralogy, color, and solubility in oxalate (o), dithionite (d), and HNO sub(3). Chemical composition of the water was dominated by Ca, Na, Mg, and K, in that order, at an average pH of 7.0. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) data indicated that the precipitates were primarily poorly ordered ferrihydrite (CC, TC) and lepidocrocite (LC, SC). The Fe sub(o)/Fe sub(d) ratios were 0.40 (CC), 0.68 (LC), 0.66 (SC), and 0.67 (TC). Organic C contents were 80.6, 38.0, 63.0, and 51.3 g kg super(-1) for the same samples. Precipitate color was uniform among sites, averaging 6.7 YR 4.8/6.2. After oxalate extraction, redness increased slightly in the CC and SC specimens, and decreased in the others. Extraction with dithionite depleted the red color in all specimens, but had less effect on the CC and SC samples which retained hues at 7.9 and 7.3 YR, respectively. Dithionite extractable P equaled 1.02 (CC), 0.72 (LC), 0.56 (SC), and 0.99 (TC) g kg super(-1). The results from this study indicated that: (1) the precipitates are either primarily poorly ordered ferrihydrite or lepidocrocite; (2) the solubility of ferrihydrite in both oxalate and dithionite is influenced by C contents; and (3) the redder, ferrihydrite specimens contain the greatest P concentrations. JF - Applied Geochemistry AU - Rhoton, F E AU - Bigham, J M AU - Lindbo, D L AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, rhoton@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 409 EP - 419 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0883-2927, 0883-2927 KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Iron oxides KW - Physicochemical Properties KW - Chemical Analysis KW - Mineralogy KW - Colour KW - Precipitation (Chemical) KW - Chemical Precipitation KW - Sampling KW - Chemical Composition KW - Data Collections KW - Chemical analysis (see also Individual techniques) KW - Rivers KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Solubility KW - Chemical composition KW - Iron Oxides KW - Geochemistry KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Iron oxides and hydroxides KW - Data collections KW - Color KW - Chemical precipitation KW - Chemical analysis KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - Q2 09187:Geochemistry of sediments KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16139340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Properties+of+iron+oxides+in+streams+draining+the+Loess+Uplands+of+Mississippi&rft.au=Rhoton%2C+F+E%3BBigham%2C+J+M%3BLindbo%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Rhoton&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.issn=08832927&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Sediment chemistry; Chemical composition; Iron oxides; Chemical precipitation; Mineralogy; Sampling; Chemical analysis; Chemical analysis (see also Individual techniques); Colour; Solubility; Physicochemical properties; Precipitation (Chemical); Geochemistry; Iron oxides and hydroxides; Data collections; Physicochemical Properties; Iron Oxides; Chemical Analysis; Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Composition; Data Collections; Color ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishing aquatic restoration priorities using a watershed approach AN - 16137042; 5393514 AB - Since the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, the United States has made great strides to reduce the threats to its rivers, lakes, and wetlands from pollution. However, despite our obvious successes, nearly half of the nation's surface water resources remain incapable of supporting basic aquatic values or maintaining water quality adequate for recreational swimming. The Clean Water Act established a significant federal presence in water quality regulation by controlling point and non-point sources of pollution. Point-sources of pollution were the major emphasis of the Act, but Section 208 specifically addressed non-point sources of pollution and designated silviculture and livestock grazing as sources of non-point pollution. Non-point source pollutants include runoff from agriculture, municipalities, timber harvesting, mining, and livestock grazing. Non-point source pollution now accounts for more than half of the United States water quality impairments. To successfully improve water quality, restoration practitioners must start with an understanding of what ecosystem processes are operating in the watershed and how they have been affected by outside variables. A watershed-based analysis template developed in the Pacific Northwest can be a valuable aid in developing that level of understanding. The watershed analysis technique identifies four ecosystem scales useful to identify stream restoration priorities: region, basin, watershed, and site. The watershed analysis technique is based on a set of technically rigorous and defensible procedures designed to provide information on what processes are active at the watershed scale, how those processes are distributed in time and space. They help describe what the current upland and riparian conditions of the watershed are and how these conditions in turn influence aquatic habitat and other beneficial uses. The analysis is organized as a set of six steps that direct an interdisciplinary team of specialists to examine the biotic and abiotic processes influencing aquatic habitat and species abundance. This process helps develop an understanding of the watershed within the context of the larger ecosystem. The understanding gained can then be used to identify and prioritize aquatic restoration activities at the appropriate temporal and spatial scale. The watershed approach prevents relying solely on site-level information, a common problem with historic restoration efforts. When the watershed analysis process was used in the Whitefish Mountains of northwest Montana, natural resource professionals were able to determine the dominant habitat forming processes important for native fishes and use that information to prioritize, plan, and implement the appropriate restoration activities at the watershed scale. Despite considerable investments of time and resources needed to complete an analysis at the watershed scale, the results can prevent the misdiagnosis of aquatic problems and help ensure that the objectives of aquatic restoration will be met. Copyright 2002 Academic Press JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Bohn, B AU - Kershner, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Bighorn National Forest, Sheridan, Wyoming, 82801, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 355 EP - 363 PB - Academic Press VL - 64 IS - 4 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - USA, Montana KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Rehabilitation KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Water Quality KW - Watershed Management KW - Water quality standards KW - Watersheds KW - Water Pollution Control KW - USA KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Aquatic Environment KW - Environmental restoration KW - Fish KW - Clean Water Act KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16137042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Establishing+aquatic+restoration+priorities+using+a+watershed+approach&rft.au=Bohn%2C+B%3BKershner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bohn&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjema.2001.0496 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental restoration; Watersheds; Clean Water Act; Water quality standards; Rivers; Water Pollution Control; Rehabilitation; Aquatic Habitats; Water Pollution Sources; Aquatic Environment; Water Quality; Fish; Watershed Management; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.2001.0496 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological and economic implications of Sacramento watershed management options AN - 16134600; 5388059 AB - This paper brings together spatially and temporally explicit mechanistic models of hydrodynamic, water quality, and ecological processes with an economic model to examine water management alternatives for California's Sacramento River and Delta ecosystem, a large-scale watershed. Overallocated water supplies in most years, combined with increasing demand for water for environmental purposes, have created a politically charged atmosphere and a need for quantitative assessment of the implications of policy alternatives. By developing and analyzing a common set of policy scenarios, this integrated framework allows us to consider tradeoffs between agricultural economic factors, water quality, and population dynamics for two at-risk fish species. We analyze two rather extreme types of policy options; one involves structural modifications to change the flow of water within the watershed but no change in water diversions, while the other reallocates water from agricultural users to fish and wildlife. Results suggest that substantial environmental improvements could be made at a relatively modest cost to farmers (1 to 4 percent reductions in revenues) but that those costs could be significant locally. In addition to tradeoffs between farmers and environmental interests, results suggest that policy makers may need to balance competing environmental objectives. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Weinberg, M AU - Lawrence, CA AU - Anderson, J D AU - Randall, J R AU - Botsford, L W AU - Loeb, C J AU - Tadokoro, C S AU - Orlob, G T AU - Sabatier, P AD - Resource and Environmental Policy Branch, Economic Research Service, USDA, 1800 M St. NW, Rm. S4020, Washington, D.C. 20036-5831, USA, weinberg@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 367 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, California, Sacramento R. KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental Effects KW - Irrigation water KW - Agriculture KW - Water Management KW - Pollution (Environmental) KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Watershed Management KW - Population dynamics KW - Watersheds KW - environmental policy KW - INE, USA, California, Sacramento Delta KW - Economics KW - Policy Making KW - Case study KW - Policies KW - USA, California, Sacramento KW - Case Studies KW - Water Quality KW - Economic Impact KW - River engineering KW - Environmental protection KW - Model Studies KW - Water supply KW - Water management KW - Nature conservation KW - Fish Populations KW - Environment management KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Freshwater ecology KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16134600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Biological+and+economic+implications+of+Sacramento+watershed+management+options&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+M%3BLawrence%2C+CA%3BAnderson%2C+J+D%3BRandall%2C+J+R%3BBotsford%2C+L+W%3BLoeb%2C+C+J%3BTadokoro%2C+C+S%3BOrlob%2C+G+T%3BSabatier%2C+P&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Irrigation water; Policies; Hydrodynamics; Watersheds; River engineering; Environmental protection; Water supply; Water management; Economics; Nature conservation; Environment management; Freshwater ecology; Population dynamics; environmental policy; Case study; Pollution (Environmental); Water quality (Natural waters); Environmental Effects; Policy Making; Water Management; Case Studies; Water Quality; Watershed Management; Fish Populations; Economic Impact; Model Studies; INE, USA, California, Sacramento Delta; USA, California, Sacramento ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxins in food: a modern agricultural perspective. AN - 71537707; 11902908 AB - This review attempts to cover and summarize the literature available on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in the environment with regard to problems of interest to agriculture. The coverage of the literature is extensive (120 references) but, by all means, not complete. Issues that are addressed in this review include a background summary of dioxins in the environment and their potential human health risks; current knowledge on the levels of dioxins in the U.S. food supply and comparisons to European data; descriptions of recent food contamination episodes; an evaluation of methods that may reduce incurred levels of dioxins in livestock and meats; and the status and limitations of dioxin analysis and rapid screening methods with regard to widespread monitoring programs. Research areas in agriculture where data and experimental results are scarce or nonexistent are also pointed out. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Huwe, Janice K AD - Biosciences Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 5674, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA. huwej@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 27 SP - 1739 EP - 1750 VL - 50 IS - 7 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated KW - Dioxins KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Europe KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Benzofurans -- analysis KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Agriculture KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analysis KW - Dioxins -- analysis KW - Food Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71537707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Dioxins+in+food%3A+a+modern+agricultural+perspective.&rft.au=Huwe%2C+Janice+K&rft.aulast=Huwe&rft.aufirst=Janice&rft.date=2002-03-27&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol in Wheat AN - 18685475; 5584324 AB - The fungus Fusarium graminearum, a pathogen of both wheat and maize, produces a toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), that causes disease in livestock. A rapid test for DON in wheat was developed using the principle of fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay. The assay was based on the competition between DON and a novel DON-fluorescein tracer (DON-FL2) for a DON-specific monoclonal antibody in solution. The method, which is a substantial improvement over our previous DON FP immunoassay, combined a rapid (3 min) extraction step with a rapid (2 min) detection step. A series of naturally contaminated wheat and maize samples were analyzed by both FP immunoassay and liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). For wheat the HPLC-UV and FP methods agreed well (linear regression r super(2) = 0.936), but for maize the two methods did not (r super(2) = 0.849). We conclude that the FP method is useful for screening wheat, but not maize, for DON. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Maragos, C M AU - Plattner, R D AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2002/03/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 27 SP - 1827 EP - 1832 VL - 50 IS - 7 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Wheat KW - deoxynivalenol KW - maize KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18685475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Counseling+Psychologist&rft.atitle=Vocational+Research+for+the+Liberation+of+Battered+Women.+Social+Justice+Forum&rft.au=Chronister%2C+Krista+M.%3BWettersten%2C+Kara+Brita%3BBrown%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Chronister&rft.aufirst=Krista&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=900&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Counseling+Psychologist&rft.issn=00110000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf011487d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abomasitis associated with multiple antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 AN - 18377402; 5348251 AB - Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 is a multiple antibiotic resistant pathogen that has been purported to be more pathogenic than other Salmonella. In this study, we evaluated the possibility that DT104 is the causative agent of veal calf abomasitis observed in four independent outbreaks of salmonellosis. This study was undertaken to determine if the outbreaks might be due to hypervirulent S. enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 (DT104) since Salmonella does not usually cause abomasitis. Tissues and fluids from these calves were subjected to bacteriologic culture. Pure Salmonella cultures were then used in bovine challenge experiments. DT104 was identified as the causative agent of abomasitis in calves. Thus, abomasitis is a potential indicator of infection with multiple antibiotic resistant DT104 and adds credence to the apparent hypervirulence of this pathogen. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Carlson, SA AU - Stoffregen, W C AU - Bolin AD - Preharvest Food Safety Enteric Disease Research, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA, scarlson@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 22 SP - 233 EP - 240 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - abomastitis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18377402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Abomasitis+associated+with+multiple+antibiotic+resistant+Salmonella+enterica+serotype+Typhimurium+phagetype+DT104&rft.au=Carlson%2C+SA%3BStoffregen%2C+W+C%3BBolin&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2002-03-22&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 from hide surfaces and the oral cavity of finished beef feedlot cattle. AN - 71555197; 11918269 AB - To determine whether viable shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 could be isolated from hide surface locations and the oral cavity of finished beef feedlot cattle. Within-animal prevalence distribution survey. 139 finished cattle in 4 pens in a feedlot in Nebraska; prevalence of fecal STEC O157 shedding ranged from 20 to > 90%. Samples were collected from 7 sites from each animal: feces, oral cavity, and 5 hide surface locations (lumbar region, ventral aspect of the neck, ventral abdominal midline [ventrum], dorsal thoracic midline [back], and distal aspect of the left hind limb [hock]). Viable STEC O157 were isolated from the oral cavity or 1 or more hide surfaces of 130 cattle, including 50 fecal isolation-negative cattle. Site-specific prevalence of STEC O157 was 74.8% for oral cavity samples, 73.4% for back samples, 62.6% for neck samples, 60.4% for fecal samples, 54.0% for flank samples, 51.1% for ventrum samples, and 41.0% for hock samples. Only 5 cattle tested negative for STEC O157 at all 7 sites. Multiple correspondence and cluster analyses demonstrated that bacterial culture of feces, oral cavity samples, and back samples detected most cattle with STEC O157. Results suggest that viable STEC O157 may be isolated from the oral cavity, multiple hide surfaces, and feces of a high percentage of fed beef cattle and that bacterial culture of feces alone generally underestimates the percentage of fed beef cattle from which STEC O157 can be isolated. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Keen, James E AU - Elder, Robert O AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA. Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 SP - 756 EP - 763 VL - 220 IS - 6 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Shiga Toxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Shiga Toxins -- biosynthesis KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field -- veterinary KW - Cattle KW - Shiga Toxins -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- veterinary KW - Skin -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- classification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Cattle Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Carrier State -- diagnosis KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- diagnosis KW - Mouth -- microbiology KW - Carrier State -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- microbiology KW - Carrier State -- veterinary KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71555197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+shiga-toxigenic+Escherichia+coli+O157+from+hide+surfaces+and+the+oral+cavity+of+finished+beef+feedlot+cattle.&rft.au=Keen%2C+James+E%3BElder%2C+Robert+O&rft.aulast=Keen&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=220&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=756&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characterization of a unique reovirus isolated from poult enteritis mortality syndrome affected Turkeys AN - 39590607; 3667103 AU - Thompson, E AU - Kapczynski, D AU - Cherry, S S Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39590607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+unique+reovirus+isolated+from+poult+enteritis+mortality+syndrome+affected+Turkeys&rft.au=Thompson%2C+E%3BKapczynski%2C+D%3BCherry%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 223 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relationship of ALV-J virus to the detection of Campylobacter in the roosters AN - 39590436; 3667078 AU - Cox, NA AU - Wilson, J L AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Buhr, R J AU - Sander, JE AU - Hudson, B P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39590436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+ALV-J+virus+to+the+detection+of+Campylobacter+in+the+roosters&rft.au=Cox%2C+NA%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BSander%2C+JE%3BHudson%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 188 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bioconversions of agricultural residues to value-added coproducts using yeastlike fungi AN - 39577614; 3665695 AU - Leathers, T D Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39577614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bioconversions+of+agricultural+residues+to+value-added+coproducts+using+yeastlike+fungi&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ISSY 22, P.O. Box 1413, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa; URL: www.uovs.ac.za/faculties/nat/issy22 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of broiler feed withdrawal and transportation on levels of campylobacter, salmonella and E. coli on carcasses before and after immersion chilling AN - 39572135; 3666956 AU - Northcutt, J K AU - Berrang, ME AU - Dickens, JA AU - Fletcher, D L AU - Cox, NA Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39572135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+broiler+feed+withdrawal+and+transportation+on+levels+of+campylobacter%2C+salmonella+and+E.+coli+on+carcasses+before+and+after+immersion+chilling&rft.au=Northcutt%2C+J+K%3BBerrang%2C+ME%3BDickens%2C+JA%3BFletcher%2C+D+L%3BCox%2C+NA&rft.aulast=Northcutt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 87 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of an experimental chlorate compound on Salmonella recovery of Turkeys when administered prior to feed and water withdrawal AN - 39572001; 3666936 AU - Moore, R W AU - Byrd, JA AU - Knape, K D AU - Anderson, R C AU - Callaway, T R AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kubena, L F AU - Nisbet, D J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39572001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+an+experimental+chlorate+compound+on+Salmonella+recovery+of+Turkeys+when+administered+prior+to+feed+and+water+withdrawal&rft.au=Moore%2C+R+W%3BByrd%2C+JA%3BKnape%2C+K+D%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 67 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Microsatellite marker development for sugar beet AN - 39571647; 3666863 AU - Panella, L Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39571647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microsatellite+marker+development+for+sugar+beet&rft.au=Panella%2C+L&rft.aulast=Panella&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Progress of the national center for cool and cold water aquaculture AN - 39521968; 3666533 AU - Rexroad, C Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39521968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Progress+of+the+national+center+for+cool+and+cold+water+aquaculture&rft.au=Rexroad%2C+C&rft.aulast=Rexroad&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular tools for a channel catfish applied breeding program AN - 39502460; 3666541 AU - Waldbieser, G Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39502460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+tools+for+a+channel+catfish+applied+breeding+program&rft.au=Waldbieser%2C+G&rft.aulast=Waldbieser&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - QTLs for winterhardiness in lentil (Lens culinaris L.) AN - 39501044; 3666581 AU - Muehlbauer, F Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39501044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=QTLs+for+winterhardiness+in+lentil+%28Lens+culinaris+L.%29&rft.au=Muehlbauer%2C+F&rft.aulast=Muehlbauer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Oral ascorbic acid and beta-glucan affect cytokine expression differently after an LPS challenge AN - 39500772; 3660295 AU - Eicher, S D AU - McKee, CA AU - Carroll, JA AU - Johnson, T R Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39500772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Oral+ascorbic+acid+and+beta-glucan+affect+cytokine+expression+differently+after+an+LPS+challenge&rft.au=Eicher%2C+S+D%3BMcKee%2C+CA%3BCarroll%2C+JA%3BJohnson%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Eicher&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 293 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of Mycoplasma gallisepticum S6 and R strains on the ciliary activity of chicken tracheal ring organ cultures AN - 39499531; 3666950 AU - Collier, S D AU - Bearson, S D AU - Branton, S L Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Mycoplasma+gallisepticum+S6+and+R+strains+on+the+ciliary+activity+of+chicken+tracheal+ring+organ+cultures&rft.au=Collier%2C+S+D%3BBearson%2C+S+D%3BBranton%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 81 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genomic expansion of the Mla plant-defense complex is driven by transposon insertion and heterochromatic replication AN - 39498983; 3666839 AU - Wise, R Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39498983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genomic+expansion+of+the+Mla+plant-defense+complex+is+driven+by+transposon+insertion+and+heterochromatic+replication&rft.au=Wise%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Activation of chicken immune cells by unmethylated CPG dinucleotide motif of bacterial DNA AN - 39495836; 3660088 AU - He, H AU - Farnell, M B AU - Crippen, T L AU - Kogut, M H Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39495836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Activation+of+chicken+immune+cells+by+unmethylated+CPG+dinucleotide+motif+of+bacterial+DNA&rft.au=He%2C+H%3BFarnell%2C+M+B%3BCrippen%2C+T+L%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 85 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Progress in identifying QTLs for resistance to aphanomyces root rot in pea AN - 39490460; 3666580 AU - Coyne, C Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39490460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Progress+in+identifying+QTLs+for+resistance+to+aphanomyces+root+rot+in+pea&rft.au=Coyne%2C+C&rft.aulast=Coyne&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogens isolated from a poultry further processing facility and from fully cooked product AN - 39489013; 3666958 AU - Berrang, ME AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Northcutt, J K AU - Smith, D P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39489013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+Listeria+monocytogens+isolated+from+a+poultry+further+processing+facility+and+from+fully+cooked+product&rft.au=Berrang%2C+ME%3BMeinersmann%2C+R+J%3BNorthcutt%2C+J+K%3BSmith%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Berrang&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 89 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Land degradation as a result of water erosion in the central valley of Mexico City (S2-003) AN - 39488064; 3658774 AU - Norton, D L AU - Ventura, E Jr AU - Figueroa, B AU - Oropeza, J L Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39488064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Land+degradation+as+a+result+of+water+erosion+in+the+central+valley+of+Mexico+City+%28S2-003%29&rft.au=Norton%2C+D+L%3BVentura%2C+E+Jr%3BFigueroa%2C+B%3BOropeza%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 3rd International Conference on Land Degradation, Rua Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22460-000, Brazil; phone: 55-21-2274-4999; fax: 55 21 2294-8039 / 2274-5291; email: icld3@cnps.embrapa.br N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - U.S. crop legume genome initiative AN - 39487832; 3666639 AU - St John, J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39487832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=U.S.+crop+legume+genome+initiative&rft.au=St+John%2C+J&rft.aulast=St+John&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Integration and use of gene ontology terms in the animal livestock genomics database at MARC AN - 39487670; 3666589 AU - Harhay, G Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39487670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Integration+and+use+of+gene+ontology+terms+in+the+animal+livestock+genomics+database+at+MARC&rft.au=Harhay%2C+G&rft.aulast=Harhay&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic diversity in Pineapple assessed by AFLP markers AN - 39484682; 3666767 AU - Ming, R Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+diversity+in+Pineapple+assessed+by+AFLP+markers&rft.au=Ming%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ming&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genomic sequence analysis of avian paramyxoviruses and their phylogenetic relationships with other members of the family paramyxoviridae AN - 39484509; 3666714 AU - Seal, B Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genomic+sequence+analysis+of+avian+paramyxoviruses+and+their+phylogenetic+relationships+with+other+members+of+the+family+paramyxoviridae&rft.au=Seal%2C+B&rft.aulast=Seal&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Update of cottonDB AN - 39484182; 3666656 AU - Yu, J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Update+of+cottonDB&rft.au=Yu%2C+J&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Chromosome substitution lines and its use in cotton improvement AN - 39484120; 3666655 AU - Saha, S Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Chromosome+substitution+lines+and+its+use+in+cotton+improvement&rft.au=Saha%2C+S&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic mapping of Al tolerance genes in triticeace AN - 39484010; 3666646 AU - Gustafson, J P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+mapping+of+Al+tolerance+genes+in+triticeace&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of experimental chlorate compound (ECP) and competitive exclusion product (CE) Salmonella contamination of broilers AN - 39482236; 3666935 AU - Byrd, JA AU - Moore, R W AU - Knape, K D AU - Anderson, R C AU - Kubena, L F AU - Nisbet, D J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39482236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+experimental+chlorate+compound+%28ECP%29+and+competitive+exclusion+product+%28CE%29+Salmonella+contamination+of+broilers&rft.au=Byrd%2C+JA%3BMoore%2C+R+W%3BKnape%2C+K+D%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Byrd&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 66 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of age, diet, and feed withdrawal on color of raw broiler breast fillets AN - 39479612; 3667096 AU - Smith, D P AU - Lyon, CE AU - Lyon, B G AU - Windham, W R AU - Lawrence, K C AU - Park, B Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39479612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+age%2C+diet%2C+and+feed+withdrawal+on+color+of+raw+broiler+breast+fillets&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+P%3BLyon%2C+CE%3BLyon%2C+B+G%3BWindham%2C+W+R%3BLawrence%2C+K+C%3BPark%2C+B&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 206 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Land degradation: An assessment of the human impact on global land resources AN - 39474764; 3658765 AU - Eswaran, H AU - Reich, P AU - Beinroth, F Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39474764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Land+degradation%3A+An+assessment+of+the+human+impact+on+global+land+resources&rft.au=Eswaran%2C+H%3BReich%2C+P%3BBeinroth%2C+F&rft.aulast=Eswaran&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 3rd International Conference on Land Degradation, Rua Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22460-000, Brazil; phone: 55-21-2274-4999; fax: 55 21 2294-8039 / 2274-5291; email: icld3@cnps.embrapa.br N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recovery of Campylobacter spp. by enrichment of fecal samples AN - 39474431; 3667079 AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Cox, NA AU - Wilson, J L AU - Buhr, R J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39474431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+Campylobacter+spp.+by+enrichment+of+fecal+samples&rft.au=Musgrove%2C+M+T%3BCox%2C+NA%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BBuhr%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Musgrove&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 189 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Carcass salmonella and campylobacter contamination resulting from crop content spillage during evisceration can be removed by carcass washing AN - 39473859; 3667048 AU - Buhr, R J AU - Hinton, A Jr AU - Ingram, K D Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39473859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Carcass+salmonella+and+campylobacter+contamination+resulting+from+crop+content+spillage+during+evisceration+can+be+removed+by+carcass+washing&rft.au=Buhr%2C+R+J%3BHinton%2C+A+Jr%3BIngram%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Buhr&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 169 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using dbest to study duplication and divergence in the soybean transcriptome AN - 39472735; 3666752 AU - Granger, C Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39472735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+dbest+to+study+duplication+and+divergence+in+the+soybean+transcriptome&rft.au=Granger%2C+C&rft.aulast=Granger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cloning and expression of a sucrose transport gene in sugarcane AN - 39472222; 3666593 AU - Lingle, S Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39472222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+expression+of+a+sucrose+transport+gene+in+sugarcane&rft.au=Lingle%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lingle&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Differential nitric oxide production by immune cells of chickens AN - 39472138; 3660118 AU - Crippen, T L AU - Ripley, L H AU - Farnell, M B AU - Lowry, V K AU - Sheffield, CL AU - Kogut, M H Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39472138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Differential+nitric+oxide+production+by+immune+cells+of+chickens&rft.au=Crippen%2C+T+L%3BRipley%2C+L+H%3BFarnell%2C+M+B%3BLowry%2C+V+K%3BSheffield%2C+CL%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Crippen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 115 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Distribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase haplotypes in U.S. beef cattle AN - 39471942; 3660212 AU - Chitko-McKown, C G AU - Laegreid, W W AU - Heaton, M P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39471942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase+haplotypes+in+U.S.+beef+cattle&rft.au=Chitko-McKown%2C+C+G%3BLaegreid%2C+W+W%3BHeaton%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Chitko-McKown&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 206 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Species marker segregation in a wide cross lolium mapping population AN - 39467877; 3666773 AU - Warnke, SE Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39467877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Species+marker+segregation+in+a+wide+cross+lolium+mapping+population&rft.au=Warnke%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Warnke&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Microsatellite fingerprints of Louisiana sugarcane varieties and breeding lines AN - 39466620; 3666591 AU - Pan, Y-B Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39466620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Abuse+%26+Neglect&rft.atitle=Childhood+abuse+recollections+in+a+nonclinical+population%3A+Forgetting+and+secrecy&rft.au=Fish%2C+Vincent%3BScott%2C+Cynthia+G.&rft.aulast=Fish&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=791&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+Abuse+%26+Neglect&rft.issn=01452134&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0145-2134%2899%2900049-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recovery of bacteria from breast skin of feathered and scaleless "featherless" carcasses following scalding and picking AN - 39465487; 3667049 AU - Buhr, R J AU - Berrang, ME AU - Cason, JA Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39465487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+bacteria+from+breast+skin+of+feathered+and+scaleless+%22featherless%22+carcasses+following+scalding+and+picking&rft.au=Buhr%2C+R+J%3BBerrang%2C+ME%3BCason%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Buhr&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 170 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Disease resistance genes AN - 39465317; 3666858 AU - Weiland, J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39465317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Disease+resistance+genes&rft.au=Weiland%2C+J&rft.aulast=Weiland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - USDA/NSF microbial genome competitive grant program AN - 39461011; 3661465 AU - Johnson, P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39461011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=USDA%2FNSF+microbial+genome+competitive+grant+program&rft.au=Johnson%2C+P&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6066, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reconciliation? Not yet. A look at land degradation AN - 39451697; 3658764 AU - Arnold, R W Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reconciliation%3F+Not+yet.+A+look+at+land+degradation&rft.au=Arnold%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 3rd International Conference on Land Degradation, Rua Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22460-000, Brazil; phone: 55-21-2274-4999; fax: 55 21 2294-8039 / 2274-5291; email: icld3@cnps.embrapa.br N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of dietary menhaden oil on characteristics of eggs from broiler breeder hens AN - 39451122; 3667045 AU - Lyon, B G AU - Wilson, J L AU - Jones AU - Savage, E M Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dietary+menhaden+oil+on+characteristics+of+eggs+from+broiler+breeder+hens&rft.au=Lyon%2C+B+G%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BJones%3BSavage%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 166 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Variations in levels of acid phosphatase in chicken whole leg meat AN - 39449537; 3667041 AU - Jones AU - Fletcher, D L AU - Lyon, CE Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Variations+in+levels+of+acid+phosphatase+in+chicken+whole+leg+meat&rft.au=Jones%3BFletcher%2C+D+L%3BLyon%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 162 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Microarray analysis of gene expression in soybean resistant or susceptible to soybean cyst nematode AN - 39444836; 3666828 AU - Matthews, B F Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39444836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microarray+analysis+of+gene+expression+in+soybean+resistant+or+susceptible+to+soybean+cyst+nematode&rft.au=Matthews%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Initiative for future agricultural and food systems (IFAFS) AN - 39444235; 3666682 AU - Rockey, S AU - Bailey, M AU - Osborn, T AU - Murray, J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39444235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Initiative+for+future+agricultural+and+food+systems+%28IFAFS%29&rft.au=Rockey%2C+S%3BBailey%2C+M%3BOsborn%2C+T%3BMurray%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rockey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Envir