TY - JOUR T1 - Response of liver and heart trace elements in rats to the interaction between dietary zinc and iron AN - 815539434; 13855757 AB - An analysis of the interaction between dietary iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) was performed by using data from Sprague-Dawley rats in a 5 4 fully crossed factorially arranged experiment. The concentrations of 9 trace elements from the liver and 10 from the heart were determined and subjected to diverse statistical analyses and were classified by their response to the interaction between dietary Fe and Zn. The interaction was studied by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), discriminant analysis, and logistic regression to determine the direction of interaction; that is, did dietary Fe affect dietary Zn or did dietary Zn affect dietary Fe? The use of discriminant analysis allowed for using multiple parameters (rather than a single parameter) to determine possible interactions between Fe and Zn. Thus, two main levels of interaction were studied: the separate response of each tissue mineral and the response of some grouped minerals. The responses studied were the effect of dietary Zn on tissue trace element parameters, the effect of dietary Fe on the parameters, the effect of dietary Zn on combined (grouped) parameters, and the effect of dietary Fe on combined parameters. As determined by ANOVA, only three individual trace elements--liver Fe, Cu, and Mo--were significantly affected by the interaction between Fe and Zn. However, a broader interaction between Fe and Zn is revealed when groups of, rather than single, trace elements are studied. For example, an interaction between dietary Fe and Zn affects the weighted linear combination of heart Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn. This article presents the hypothesis that grouped parameters may be useful as status indicators. The complete dataset can be found at http://www.gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov/fezn. JF - Biological Trace Element Research AU - Zaslavsky, Boris AU - Uthus, Eric O AD - USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, P.O. Box 9034, 58202-9034, Grand Forks, ND Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 165 EP - 183 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Data processing KW - Zinc KW - Liver KW - Statistical analysis KW - Iron KW - Minerals KW - Manganese KW - Trace elements KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/815539434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Response+of+liver+and+heart+trace+elements+in+rats+to+the+interaction+between+dietary+zinc+and+iron&rft.au=Zaslavsky%2C+Boris%3BUthus%2C+Eric+O&rft.aulast=Zaslavsky&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FBTER%3A88%3A2%3A165 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; Data processing; Zinc; Statistical analysis; Liver; Manganese; Minerals; Iron; Trace elements DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/BTER:88:2:165 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What about upwind buffer zones for aerial applications? AN - 72150654; 12363183 AB - Buffer zones are areas set adjacent to areas sprayed with pesticides in which spray drift can deposit without consequence. It has been suggested that buffer zones should totally surround areas to be sprayed. We reviewed the scientific literature and employed a recently developed mechanistic model of spray drift to assess the magnitude of upwind spray drift and the consequent need for upwind buffer zones. Neither the scientific literature nor the AgDRIFT model support the need for upwind buffer zones for typical aerial spray applications. JF - Journal of agricultural safety and health AU - Kirk, L W AU - Teske, M E AU - Thistle, H W AD - Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845-4966, USA. i-kirk@tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 333 EP - 336 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Agriculture KW - Air Movements KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72150654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=What+about+upwind+buffer+zones+for+aerial+applications%3F&rft.au=Kirk%2C+L+W%3BTeske%2C+M+E%3BThistle%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of neem seed extract on feeding, growth, survival, and reproduction of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). AN - 72068532; 12216804 AB - A commercially available neem seed extract, Neemix 4.5, containing 4.5% azadirachtin (AZA), was assessed for biological activity against the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), an important exotic insect pest of Florida citrus. Laboratory bioassays against neonatal and 3-wk-old larvae fed sliced carrot treated with Neemix produced dose-dependent larval mortality and reduced fresh weights among survivors of treatments. The weight response was greater than the mortality response for both larval age groups. Neonates treated with 45 mg/liter AZA weighed 60% less than those in the control after 4 wk. Three-week-old larvae treated with 45 mg/ liter AZA weighed 30% less than those in the control after 5 wk. When neonates were exposed to insect diet incorporated with Neemix, reductions in larval survival and weight were observed at concentrations as low as 4.8 mg/liter AZA after 6 wk. Larval growth was inhibited by >97% with 42.9 mg/liter AZA in the diet. A soil drench containing 30 mg/liter AZA reduced the survival and weight gain of neonates added to potted citrus and provided protection to the roots in a greenhouse experiment. A concentration of 90 mg/liter AZA was required to provide protection of citrus roots against 4-wk-old larvae. Reproductive effects were observed when adult weevils were fed foliage treated with Neemix. The numbers of larvae hatching per egg mass were reduced by 27% and 68% at 30 and 90 mg/liter AZA, respectively. These results suggest that Neemix should be further evaluated for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of citrus. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Weathersbee, A A AU - Tang, Y Q AD - aweathersbee@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 661 EP - 667 VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Limonins KW - Plant Extracts KW - Triterpenes KW - azadirachtin KW - O4U1SAF85H KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Seeds KW - Larva KW - Biological Assay KW - Reproduction KW - Beetles -- physiology KW - Beetles -- growth & development KW - Triterpenes -- pharmacology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Feeding Behavior -- drug effects KW - Beetles -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72068532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+neem+seed+extract+on+feeding%2C+growth%2C+survival%2C+and+reproduction+of+Diaprepes+abbreviatus+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29.&rft.au=Weathersbee%2C+A+A%3BTang%2C+Y+Q&rft.aulast=Weathersbee&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of phytotoxicity and mammalian cytotoxicity of nontrichothecene mycotoxins. AN - 71994834; 12182537 AB - The phytotoxicity and mammalian cytotoxicity of four nontrichothecene mycotoxins (apicidin, sambutoxin, wortmannin, HC-toxin) were compared. Phytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of electrolyte leakage, growth inhibition, and reduction in chlorophyll content. Based on the parameters evaluated, the relative order of phytotoxicity to duckweed (Lemna pausicostata L.) was wortmannin > HC-toxin > apicidin >> sambutoxin. A 48-hr exposure to 10 microM wortmannin, HC-toxin or apicidin caused electrolyte leakage from duckweed. The IC50 values for growth inhibition and chlorophyll reduction for wortmannin, HC-toxin, and apicidin were 0.2 and 2.6 microM, 15.4 and 12.6 microM, and 27.7 and 45.3 microM, respectively. Based on the parameters measured, a 72-hr exposure to 100 microM sambutoxin was not toxic to duckweed. Kudzu (Pueraria lobata L.) leaf disc assays revealed a similar trend in relative toxicities, but higher mycotoxin concentrations were required to elicit phytotoxic effects compared to duckweed. All four mycotoxins were cytotoxic to four mammalian cell cultures. However, in contrast to plants, wortmannin was the least toxic (IC50 = 10 to 20 microM) and sambutoxin exhibited a high level of toxicity (IC50 = 0.5 to 1 microM). JF - Journal of natural toxins AU - Abbas, Hamed K AU - Shier, W T AU - Gronwald, John W AU - Lee, Y W AD - USDA-ARS, SWSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. habbas@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 173 EP - 186 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Electrolytes KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mammals KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Cell Culture Techniques KW - Chlorophyll -- analysis KW - Araceae -- physiology KW - Pueraria -- physiology KW - Araceae -- chemistry KW - Pueraria -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71994834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+phytotoxicity+and+mammalian+cytotoxicity+of+nontrichothecene+mycotoxins.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+Hamed+K%3BShier%2C+W+T%3BGronwald%2C+John+W%3BLee%2C+Y+W&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=Hamed&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimutagenic potential of homoisoflavonoids from Muscari racemosum. AN - 71940946; 12127240 AB - The potential antimutagenic effect of the plant extract of Muscari racemosum bulbs, rich on 3-benzylidene-4-chromanones, was evaluated on three genetic model organisms. The mixture of three homoisoflavonoids was applied together with diagnostic mutagens in the Ames assay on four bacterial strains Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102, in the toxicity and mutagenicity/antimutagenicity assay on the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7, and in the simultaneous phytotoxicity and clastogenicity/anticlastogenicity assay on Vicia sativa (L.). The extract exerted antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects due to the presence of homoisoflavonoids, which may be included in the group of natural antimutagens. This genotoxicological study suggests that homoisoflavonoids from M. racemosum (L.) owing to antimutagenic and anticlastogenic properties are of great pharmacological importance, and might be beneficial for prevention of cancer. JF - Journal of ethnopharmacology AU - Miadoková, Eva AU - Masterová, Irena AU - Vlcková, Viera AU - Dúhová, Viola AU - Tóth, Jaroslav AD - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia. miadokova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 381 EP - 386 VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0378-8741, 0378-8741 KW - Antimutagenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Isoflavones KW - Plant Extracts KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Molecular Structure KW - Plant Structures KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Vicia sativa -- genetics KW - Vicia sativa -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Liliaceae -- chemistry KW - Isoflavones -- pharmacology KW - Isoflavones -- chemistry KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- chemistry KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Plant Extracts -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71940946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+ethnopharmacology&rft.atitle=Antimutagenic+potential+of+homoisoflavonoids+from+Muscari+racemosum.&rft.au=Miadokov%C3%A1%2C+Eva%3BMasterov%C3%A1%2C+Irena%3BVlckov%C3%A1%2C+Viera%3BD%C3%BAhov%C3%A1%2C+Viola%3BT%C3%B3th%2C+Jaroslav&rft.aulast=Miadokov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+ethnopharmacology&rft.issn=03788741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of a cytochrome P-450 is a determinant of trichothecene diversity in Fusarium species. AN - 71923340; 12135578 AB - Species of the genus Fusarium produce a great diversity of agriculturally important trichothecene toxins that differ from each other in their pattern of oxygenation and esterification. T-2 toxin, produced by Fusarium sporotrichioides, and nivalenol (NIV), produced by some strains of F. graminearum, contain an oxygen at the C-4 position. Deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by other strains of F. graminearum, lacks a C-4 oxygen. NIV and DON are identical except for this difference, whereas T-2 differs from these trichothecenes at three other carbon positions. Sequence and Northern analyses of the F. sporotrichioides genomic region upstream of the previously described core trichothecene gene cluster have extended the cluster by two genes: TRI13 and TRI14. TRI13 shares significant similarity with the cytochrome P-450 class of enzymes, but TRI14 does not share similarity with any previously characterized proteins. Gene disruption and fermentation studies in F. sporotrichioides indicate that TRI13 is required for the addition of the C-4 oxygen of T-2 toxin, but that TRI14 is not required for trichothecene biosynthesis. PCR and sequence analyses indicate that the TRI13 homolog is functional in NIV-producing strains of F. graminearum but nonfunctional in DON-producing strains of the fungus. These genetic observations are consistent with chemical observations that biosynthesis of T-2 toxin and NIV requires a C-4 hydroxylase while biosynthesis of DON does not. JF - Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B AU - Brown, Daren W AU - McCormick, Susan P AU - Alexander, Nancy J AU - Proctor, Robert H AU - Desjardins, Anne E AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA. browndw@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 224 EP - 233 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 1087-1845, 1087-1845 KW - Codon, Initiator KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors KW - DNA, Fungal KW - DNA, Intergenic KW - Trichothecenes KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA, Fungal -- analysis KW - Phylogeny KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Genes, Fungal KW - T-2 Toxin -- biosynthesis KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - DNA, Intergenic -- genetics KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - T-2 Toxin -- genetics KW - Multigene Family -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- classification KW - Trichothecenes -- chemistry KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Trichothecenes -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71923340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+a+cytochrome+P-450+is+a+determinant+of+trichothecene+diversity+in+Fusarium+species.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Daren+W%3BMcCormick%2C+Susan+P%3BAlexander%2C+Nancy+J%3BProctor%2C+Robert+H%3BDesjardins%2C+Anne+E&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Daren&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY057843; GENBANK; AY057842; AF359360; AY057844; AY057841; AF359361 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of agricultural activities on the mineralogy of soil clays AN - 51861751; 2004-021180 JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Fialips, C I AU - Righi, D AU - Potter, K N AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 232 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 66 IS - 15A SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - clay mineralogy KW - Vertisols KW - beidellite KW - infrared spectra KW - FTIR spectra KW - mica group KW - carbon KW - spectra KW - ion exchange KW - organic carbon KW - geochemistry KW - montmorillonite KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - sequestration KW - prairies KW - agriculture KW - smectite KW - Texas KW - kaolinite KW - clay minerals KW - Temple Texas KW - Bell County Texas KW - sheet silicates KW - mixed-layer minerals KW - land use KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51861751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Effect+of+agricultural+activities+on+the+mineralogy+of+soil+clays&rft.au=Fialips%2C+C+I%3BRighi%2C+D%3BPotter%2C+K+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fialips&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=15A&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 12th annual V. M. Goldschmidt conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; beidellite; Bell County Texas; carbon; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; experimental studies; FTIR spectra; geochemistry; infrared spectra; ion exchange; kaolinite; land use; mica group; mixed-layer minerals; montmorillonite; organic carbon; prairies; sequestration; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; soils; spectra; Temple Texas; Texas; United States; Vertisols; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The cost of soil erosion to downstream navigation AN - 51851559; 2004-038788 AB - The objective of this work is to estimate how changes in soil conservation affect costs to downstream navigation. Models are developed to account for the hydrology and the subsequent flow of sediment within the conterminous states. The hydrologic models, along with detailed data on the location and costs of dredged harbors and shipping channels, provide an avenue for approximating erosion's impact on navigation costs. Results indicate that a ton of eroded soil in some areas imposes no costs to navigation, while costs reach $5 per ton in other areas. Costs vary significantly across relatively small geographic areas because some watersheds affect no downstream shipping channels or harbors, while others affect major shipping areas and can have high sediment disposal costs. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Hansen, LeRoy T AU - Breneman, Vince E AU - Davison, Cecil W AU - Dicken, Chris W Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 205 EP - 212 PB - Soil Conservation Society of America, [varies] VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - United States KW - Chesapeake Bay KW - New Orleans Louisiana KW - Great Lakes region KW - erosion KW - impact statements KW - watersheds KW - transportation KW - environmental management KW - California KW - dredging KW - conservation KW - drainage basins KW - Mississippi River KW - Louisiana KW - soil erosion KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - sediment transport KW - human activity KW - sedimentation KW - harbors KW - agriculture KW - channels KW - rivers KW - cost KW - models KW - New York City New York KW - New York KW - Orleans Parish Louisiana KW - San Francisco Bay region KW - planning KW - regional KW - mathematical methods KW - fluvial features KW - economics KW - fluvial environment KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51851559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=The+cost+of+soil+erosion+to+downstream+navigation&rft.au=Hansen%2C+LeRoy+T%3BBreneman%2C+Vince+E%3BDavison%2C+Cecil+W%3BDicken%2C+Chris+W&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=LeRoy&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jswconline.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Document feature - sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JSWCA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; California; channels; Chesapeake Bay; conservation; cost; drainage basins; dredging; economics; environmental management; erosion; fluvial environment; fluvial features; Great Lakes region; harbors; human activity; hydrology; impact statements; land use; Louisiana; mathematical methods; Mississippi River; models; New Orleans Louisiana; New York; New York City New York; North America; Orleans Parish Louisiana; planning; regional; rivers; San Francisco Bay region; sediment transport; sedimentation; soil erosion; soils; transportation; United States; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stormwater Runoff Treatment Systems Utilizing Wet Ponds and Created Wetlands AN - 19807859; 5469805 AB - Cities and towns that have surface water as the source for their water supply systems typically have a greater potential for pollution of these supplies then if they had ground water sources. Generally surface water pollution can be categorized to either come from a point source or a nonpoint source. The origin of point sources typically can be identified. Significant point sources are often eliminated from a water supply or are treated before reaching the water supply. Nonpoint sources can be much more difficult to identify and eliminate from a water supply. The concentrations of nonpoint sources can be relatively low compared to point sources. However, the volume of runoff associated with nonpoint sources can be large resulting in significant mass loading. The larger volumes associated with nonpoint sources make it difficult to treat with conventional point source treatment systems. JF - Land and Water AU - Baumert, D J AD - USDA-NRCS Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 54 EP - 59 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 0192-9453, 0192-9453 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Surface water KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Water supplies KW - Ponds KW - Water pollution control KW - Water quality control KW - Water treatment KW - Stormwater runoff KW - towns KW - Stormwater management KW - Wetlands KW - Groundwater KW - Urban areas KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19807859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Land+and+Water&rft.atitle=Stormwater+Runoff+Treatment+Systems+Utilizing+Wet+Ponds+and+Created+Wetlands&rft.au=Baumert%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Baumert&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Land+and+Water&rft.issn=01929453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stormwater runoff; Surface water; towns; Wetlands; Groundwater; Nonpoint pollution; Water supplies; Ponds; Urban areas; Water quality control; Water pollution control; Water treatment; Stormwater management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DIETARY OVERLAP BETWEEN WOLVES AND COYOTES IN NORTHWESTERN MONTANA AN - 19338520; 8696889 AB - We studied effects of recolonizing wolves (Canis lupus) in the North Fork of the Flathead area of northwestern Montana on the diets of coyotes (C. latrans) from 1994 to 1997. Wolf and coyote diets differed in frequency of occurrence of prey species during 3 of the 4 summers and winters (P 45 kg) prey species and coyotes, small (<2 kg) prey (P < 0.001). Wolves selected a larger proportion of adults (P < 0.001), whereas coyotes selected a larger proportion of juveniles (P < 0.001) during summer. We believe that differential use of food resources facilitates coexistence of wolves and coyotes in the North Fork of the Flathead area. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Arjo, Wendy M AU - Pletscher, Daniel H AU - Ream, Robert R AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 9730-B Lathrop Industrial Drive, Olympia, WA 98512 (WMA), wendy.m.arjo@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 754 EP - 766 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 83 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - food habits KW - coexistence KW - coyote KW - Montana KW - partitioning KW - recolonization KW - wolf KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Diets KW - Cervus elaphus KW - Coexistence KW - Canis lupus KW - Prey KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19338520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Dissipation+of+the+defoliant+tribufos+in+cotton-producing+soils.&rft.au=Potter%2C+Thomas+L%3BReddy%2C+Krishna+N%3BMillhollen%2C+Eddie+P%3BBednarz%2C+Craig+W%3BBosch%2C+David+D%3BTruman%2C+Clint+C%3BStrickland%2C+Timothy&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-06-19&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=3795&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Coexistence; Prey; Odocoileus virginianus; Cervus elaphus; Canis lupus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0754:DOBWAC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of a landslide-induced sediment wave in the Navarro River, California AN - 18926160; 5567161 AB - A streamside landslide delivered 60 000 m super(3) of mixed-size sediment to the Navarro River, a sinuous gravel-bed channel (drainage area = 535 km super(2)), at the end of the annual high-runoff period in spring 1995. The deposit formed a 9-m-high dam that partially breached within several hours, but recessional flows entrained little material until the following high-runoff season. The landslide afforded the opportunity to measure the evolution of a sediment wave from its inception to near-obliteration and, particularly, to test relative tendencies for translation and dispersion of a sediment wave in a natural gravel-bed channel. This study represents a simple case: The wave originated from a single input, the preexisting channel was relatively uniform, and resistant banks prevented adjustments in width. We surveyed channel topography over a 1.5-4.5 km reach centered on the landslide dam each year from 1995 to 1999, and we sampled bed material downstream of the dam in 1995 and 1997. Landslide material was coarser than ambient bed material, but all sizes were mobilized by subsequent peak flows. Abrasion of weathered and fractured graywacke sandstone landslide material was roughly an order of magnitude greater than the ambient river gravel. The sediment wave dispersed and mostly disappeared within a few years with no measurable translation. Sediment filled the reservoir created by the eroding landslide dam until throughput of bed load was restored in 1998. The stationary wave crest eroded until in 1999 it was <1 m higher than the preslide elevation. As the wave profile flattened, its detectable leading edge extended downstream from 620 m in 1995 to similar to 1600 m in 1997. Downstream advance of the wave was associated with coarsening of bed material. The sediment wave created a longitudinal disturbance in sediment transport. By using the dam as a reference datum of zero bed-load transport, we computed longitudinal variations in annual bed-load and suspended-sediment transport rates in 100 m increments downstream of the dam. These longitudinal variations were controlled by scour and fill of the bed and by abrasion of bed-load particles. Bed-load transport rates in the first and second years after the landslide increased in the landslide vicinity and then decreased downstream as sediment deposited behind the advancing leading edge of the wave. The location of peak bed-load transport rate advanced from the first year (400 m) to the second (800 m). We used a physically based, one-dimensional model (Cui et al., 2002b) to hindcast annual changes in transversely averaged bed elevation over the study reach. Agreement between measured and predicted bed elevations was very good. This result supports our conclusion that, once emplaced, sediment waves in gravel-bed rivers tend to disperse, with little or no translation. JF - Bulletin of the Geological Society of America AU - Sutherland, D G AU - Ball, M H AU - Hilton, S J AU - Lisle, TE AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, California 95521, USA, dsutherl@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 1036 EP - 1048 VL - 114 IS - 8 SN - 0016-7606, 0016-7606 KW - Sediment waves KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Rivers KW - Gravel KW - Gravel waves KW - Sandstone KW - Freshwater KW - USA, California, Navarro R. KW - Mass movement KW - Sediment movement KW - Landslides KW - Wave crests KW - Bed load KW - Sedimentary structures KW - Sediment transport KW - Sediment load KW - Scour and fill KW - Runoff KW - River beds KW - Q2 09283:Soil mechanics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18926160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+a+landslide-induced+sediment+wave+in+the+Navarro+River%2C+California&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+D+G%3BBall%2C+M+H%3BHilton%2C+S+J%3BLisle%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1036&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Gravel waves; Gravel; Sandstone; Mass movement; Sediment movement; Landslides; Wave crests; Bed load; Sedimentary structures; Sediment transport; Sediment load; Scour and fill; Runoff; River beds; USA, California, Navarro R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defining phases of bedload transport using piecewise regression AN - 18916602; 5456500 AB - Differences in the transport rate and size of bedload exist for varying levels of flow in coarse-grained channels. For gravel-bed rivers, at least two phases of bedload transport, with notably differing qualities, have been described in the literature. Phase I consists primarily of sand and small gravel moving at relatively low rates over a stable channel surface. Transport rates during Phase II are considerably greater than Phase I and more coarse grains are moved, including material from both the channel surface and subsurface. Transition from Phase I to Phase II indicates initiation and transport of grains comprising the coarse surface layer common in steep mountain channels. While the existence of different phases of transport is generally acknowledged, the threshold between them is often poorly defined. We present the results of the application of a piecewise regression analysis to data on bedload transport collected at 12 gravel-bed channels in Colorado and Wyoming, USA. The piecewise regression recognizes the existence of different linear relationships over different ranges of discharge. The inflection, where the fitted functions intersect, is interpreted as the point of transition from Phase I to Phase II transport; this is termed breakpoint. A comparison of grain sizes moved during the two phases shows that coarse gravel is rarely trapped in the samplers during Phase I transport, indicating negligible movement of grains in this size range. Gravel larger than about D sub(16) of the channel surface is more consistently trapped during Phase II transport. The persistence of coarse gravel in bedload samples provides good evidence that conditions suitable for coarse grain transport have been reached, even though the size of the sediment approaches the size limits of the sampler (76 mm in all cases). A relative breakpoint (R sub(br)) was defined by the ratio between the discharge at the breakpoint and the 1.5-year flow (a surrogate for bankfull discharge) expressed as a percentage. The median value of R sub(br) was about 80 percent, suggesting that Phase II begins at about 80 percent of the bankfull discharge, though the observed values of R sub(br) ranged from about 60 to 100 percent. Variation in this value appears to be independent of drainage area, median grain size, sorting of bed materials, and channel gradient, at least for the range of parameters measured in 12 gravel-bed channels. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Ryan, SE AU - Porth, L S AU - Troendle, CA AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 222 S. 22nd St., Laramie, WY 82070, USA, sryanburkett@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 971 EP - 990 VL - 27 IS - 9 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Alluvial Rivers KW - Regression Analysis KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Bed Load KW - Particle Size KW - Catchment Areas KW - Freshwater KW - Channels KW - USA, Colorado KW - Bed load KW - Grain size KW - Regression analysis KW - Sediment Sorting KW - Sediment sorting KW - River Flow KW - Sediment transport KW - Sedimentation KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18916602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Defining+phases+of+bedload+transport+using+piecewise+regression&rft.au=Ryan%2C+SE%3BPorth%2C+L+S%3BTroendle%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.387 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Channels; Bed load; Grain size; Regression analysis; Sediment sorting; Sediment transport; Alluvial Rivers; Sediment Transport; Regression Analysis; Particle Size; Bed Load; Catchment Areas; Sediment Sorting; River Flow; Sedimentation; USA, Colorado; USA, Wyoming; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.387 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A riffle stability index to evaluate sediment loading to streams AN - 18909057; 5467476 AB - Riffles in moderately entrenched stream reaches with gradients of 2 percent to 4 percent that have received excessive sediment from upstream have a distinctly different and higher proportion of smaller mobile particles than riffles in systems that are in dynamic equilibrium. The mobile fraction on the riffle can be estimated by comparing the relative abundance of various particle sizes present on the riffle with the dominant large particles on an adjacent bar. Riffle particles smaller than the dominant large particles on the bar are interpreted as mobile. The mobile percentile of particles on the riffle is termed "Riffle Stability Index" (RSI) and provides a useful estimate of the degree of increased sediment supply to riffles in mountain streams. The RSI addresses situations in which increases in gravel bedload from headwaters activities is depositing material on riffles and filling pools, and it reflects qualitative differences between reference and managed watersheds. The RSI correlates well with other measures of stream channel physical condition, such as V* and the results of fish habitat surveys. Thus, it can be used as an indicator of stream reach and watershed condition and also of aquatic habitat quality. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Kappesser, G B AD - USDA Forest Service, George Washington and Jefferson National Forests, 5162 Valley Pointe Parkway, Roanoke, VA 24019, USA, gkappesser@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1069 EP - 1082 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q2 02264:Sediments and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18909057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=A+riffle+stability+index+to+evaluate+sediment+loading+to+streams&rft.au=Kappesser%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Kappesser&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interspecific competition and coexistence between ants and land hermit crabs on small Bahamian islands AN - 18655671; 5542869 AB - Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of intra- and interspecific competition among ants, but few have investigated direct competitive interactions between ants and other taxa. In this paper, I present the first evidence of direct competitive interactions between ants and crabs. Evidence of competition for food between ants and the land hermit crab, Coenobita clypeatus (Herbst), was derived from observations and experiments in an archipelago of small islands in the central Exumas, Bahamas. Correlational evidence of competition for food based on occurrences at baits was found between ants and hermit crabs in multiple years. Observations at baits over time revealed species turnover occurred due to aggressive interactions. C. clypeatus discovered food items rapidly, but lost control of food over time, particularly to the ant Brachymyrmex obscurior Forel, which took longer to find food items but recruited large numbers of workers that drove off hermit crabs. A second ant species, Dorymyrmex pyramicus Roger, discovered baits quickly but did not recruit to baits in large numbers, and was not a superior competitor to either C. clypeatus or B. obscurior. Competition between ants and land hermit crabs was not intense enough to cause complementary distributions, and mechanisms of coexistence apparently include temporal variation in foraging activity and complementary foraging strategies when ants and crabs are active at the same time. Because of the widespread distributions and generalist scavenger diets of many ants and crabs, such competitive interactions are likely to be a common facet of many tropical and subtropical insular and coastal communities. JF - Acta Oecologica AU - Morrison, L W AD - Section of Evolution and Ecology, Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 223 EP - 229 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1146-609X, 1146-609X KW - Ants KW - Land hermit KW - Land hermit crab KW - ant KW - semi-terrestrial hermit crab KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Oceanic islands KW - Coenobita clypeatus KW - Formicidae KW - Food availability KW - Dorymyrmex pyramicus KW - ASW, Caribbean Sea, Bahamas, Exuma Cays KW - Bahamas KW - Coastal zone KW - Islands KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Aggressive behaviour KW - Tropical environment KW - Brachymyrmex obscurior KW - Competition KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04665:Crustaceans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18655671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Oecologica&rft.atitle=Interspecific+competition+and+coexistence+between+ants+and+land+hermit+crabs+on+small+Bahamian+islands&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Oecologica&rft.issn=1146609X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1146-609X%2802%2901136-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oceanic islands; Coastal zone; Interspecific relationships; Aggressive behaviour; Food availability; Competition; Islands; Tropical environment; Dorymyrmex pyramicus; Coenobita clypeatus; Formicidae; Brachymyrmex obscurior; Bahamas; ASW, Caribbean Sea, Bahamas, Exuma Cays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1146-609X(02)01136-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the USDA Poa pratensis collection using RAPD markers and agronomic descriptors AN - 18625807; 5531344 AB - Characterization of germplasm collections is critical to assess collection diversity and enhance utilization. A Poa pratensis L. germplasm collection of 228 accessions representing 26 countries, along with 17 commercial check cultivars, was characterized using 86 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and 17 agronomic descriptors. The Dice similarity coefficient used for RAPD data ranged from 0.56 to 0.95 and average Euclidean distance used for agronomic data ranged from 0.28 to 2.52. No two accessions had a similarity of one or a distance of zero, showing there were no duplicate entries. Cluster analysis of RAPD data using the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) revealed 11 accessions with particularly low similarity values. These were subsequently found to be misidentified Poa species (one each of P. alpina, P. compressa, P. glauca, P. urssulensis and seven P. trivialis). For RAPD data, 62% of the entries were in one large cluster with 46 additional clusters containing one to 13 accessions. For agronomic data, 89% of the entries were in four main clusters. This clustering pattern for RAPD and agronomic data suggested unique genotypes were generally under represented in the collection. The agronomic-based clusters showed some broad separation by accession origin, but in general, origin did not correspond closely with the clustering pattern. The correlation between the RAPD and agronomic-based distance matrices, excluding misidentified accessions, was highly significant (P<0.01) (n = 234, r = -0.14). However, the correlation represented a relatively small fraction of the total variation, indicating that both molecular and agronomic characterizations were needed to assess overall diversity. JF - Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution AU - Johnson, R C AU - Johnston, W J AU - Golob, C T AU - Nelson, M C AU - Soreng, R J AD - USDA, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA, rcjohnson@wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 349 EP - 361 VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0925-9864, 0925-9864 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07356:Monocotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18625807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetic+Resources+and+Crop+Evolution&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+USDA+Poa+pratensis+collection+using+RAPD+markers+and+agronomic+descriptors&rft.au=Johnson%2C+R+C%3BJohnston%2C+W+J%3BGolob%2C+C+T%3BNelson%2C+M+C%3BSoreng%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=417&rft.issue=6892&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purine metabolizing capability of Enterobacter agglomerans affects volatiles production and attractiveness to Mexican fruit fly AN - 18621776; 5525785 AB - We investigated two strains of Enterobacter agglomerans that differ in their ability to metabolize uric acid for (1) attractiveness to sugar-fed Mexican fruit flies, and (2) production of volatile chemicals that may be responsible for the attractiveness. The two strains were cultured on a medium that contained uric acid as the primary nitrogen source to simulate bird feces, a natural substrate for this bacterium. Active cultures of both strains were more attractive than uninoculated uric acid medium to both sexes of sugar-fed flies in wind-tunnel bioassays. The uricase(+) strain was more attractive than the uricase(-) strain to males and to females <9 days old, but not to older females. Volatiles found by solid-phase microextraction in greater amounts in headspace above active cultures of both strains than above uninoculated medium were ammonia, dimethyldisulfide, 3-methylbutanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and trimethylpyrazine. The uricase(+) strain produced more ammonia, dimethyldisulfide, and trimethylpyrazine than the uricase(-) strain. An additional chemical, 3-hydroxybutanone, appears to be produced exclusively by the uricase(+) strain. The uricase(-) strain produced more 2-phenylethanol than the uricase(+) strain. Differences in volatiles are consistent with the generally greater attractiveness of the uricase(+) strain compared with the uricase(-) strain as ammonia, 3-hydroxybutanone, and trimethylpyrazine have been demonstrated attractive to sugar-fed Mexican fruit flies. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Lauzon, C R AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Research, ARS, USDA 2413 E. Highway 83, Building 200, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, drobacker@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1549 EP - 1563 VL - 28 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - Tephritidae KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02910:Miscellaneous topics KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18621776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Purine+metabolizing+capability+of+Enterobacter+agglomerans+affects+volatiles+production+and+attractiveness+to+Mexican+fruit+fly&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BLauzon%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence, aggressiveness and In Planta interactions of Botrytis cinerea and other filamentous fungi quiescent in grape berries and dormant buds in Central Washington State AN - 18619477; 5513429 AB - Recovery of quiescent filamentous fungi from non-symptomatic grape berries and dormant buds demonstrated dominance of Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Ulocladium and other dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Up to 78% of berries contained fungi prior to harvest. Botrytis cinerea was recovered from 0.2 to 0.5% of surface-disinfested berries just subsequent to fruit set, and 1.6-4.8% of surface-disinfested, over-wintered dormant buds. In laboratory inoculations of mature grape berries with strains of Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Ulocladium and Botrytis, only the latter was aggressive in rotting berry fruits. Inoculations with B. cinerea alone and in combination with strains of Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium and Ulocladium recovered from grape demonstrated that prior occupation of wound sites by the latter fungi resulted in reduced lesion size compared to inoculation with B. cinerea alone. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Dugan, F M AU - Lupien, S L AU - Grove, G G AD - USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA, fdugan@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 375 EP - 381 VL - 150 IS - 7 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - aggressiveness KW - filamentous fungi KW - grapes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18619477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Incidence%2C+aggressiveness+and+In+Planta+interactions+of+Botrytis+cinerea+and+other+filamentous+fungi+quiescent+in+grape+berries+and+dormant+buds+in+Central+Washington+State&rft.au=Dugan%2C+F+M%3BLupien%2C+S+L%3BGrove%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kairomone strains of Euclytia flava (Townsend), a parasitoid of stink bugs AN - 18619114; 5525786 AB - Tachinid flies commonly use the pheromones and allomones of stink bugs (Pentatomidae) as host-finding kairomones. Pheromone-baited traps for predaceous (Podisus spp.) and phytophagous (Euschistus spp.) pentatomids were used to obtain tachinid parasitoids in order to study the semiochemical relationships between these parasitic flies and their stink bug hosts. Gas chromatography-electroantennogram detector (GC-EAD) experiments and field tests were conducted to determine if pheromone strains of the tachinids, Euclytia flava and Hemyda aurata, occur in nature and to determine if the EAD-active compound, (E)-2-octenal (a common allomone compound of Heteroptera), affects attraction of tachinid parasitoids to synthetic Podisus pheromones. Addition of (E)-2-octenal to Podisus spp. synthetic pheromones in field traps tended to suppress attraction of the bugs, whereas (E)-2-octenal decreased, did not affect, or increased pheromonal attraction of tachinid parasitoids depending on the host species pheromone being tested and the habitat type in which the traps were deployed. Evidence from GC-EAD experiments of E. flava associated with different stink bug hosts suggested that kairomone-strains of this tachinid parasitoid coexist naturally. The significance of cryptic kairomone strains of parasitoids for classical biological control is discussed, and the mechanisms whereby parasitoids evolve kairomonally mediated host-shifts is considered. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Aldrich, J R AU - Zhang, A AD - USDA-ARS Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, aldrichj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1565 EP - 1582 VL - 28 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - 2-Octenal KW - Diptera KW - Stink bugs KW - Tachinid flies KW - True bugs KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18008:Pheromones & other infochemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18619114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Kairomone+strains+of+Euclytia+flava+%28Townsend%29%2C+a+parasitoid+of+stink+bugs&rft.au=Aldrich%2C+J+R%3BZhang%2C+A&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw additions on selected properties of petroleum-contaminated soils AN - 18609303; 5513457 AB - Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contaminants as quickly and efficiently as possible, but not necessarily with postremediation soil biological quality as a primary objective. To test a simple postbioremediation technique, we added earthworms (Eisenia fetida) or wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw to petroleum land-farm soil and measured biological quality of the soil as responses in plant growth, soil respiration, and oil and grease (O&G) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations. Results indicated that plant growth was greater in earthworm-treated land-farm soil. Furthermore, addition of wheat straw resulted in greater total respiration in all soils tested (land-farm soil, noncontaminated reference soil, and a 1:1 mixture of land-farm and reference soils). We observed a 30% increase in soil respiration in straw-amended oily soil, whereas respiration increased by 246% in straw-amended reference soil. Much of the difference between oily and reference soils was attributable to higher basal respiration rates of nonamended oily soil compared to nonamended reference soil. Addition of earthworms resulted in greater total respiration of all soil and straw treatments except two (the land-farm and the 1:1 mixture soil treatments without straw). Straw and earthworm treatments did not affect O&G or TPH concentrations. Nevertheless, our findings that earthworm additions improved plant growth and that straw additions enhanced microbial activity in land-farm soil suggest that these treatments may be compatible with plant-based remediation techniques currently under evaluation in field trials, and could reduce the time required to restore soil ecosystem function. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Callaham, MA Jr AU - Stewart, A J AU - Alarcon, C AU - McMillen, S J AD - USDA Forest Service, 233 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA, mcallaham@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1658 EP - 1663 VL - 21 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Wheat KW - microbial activity KW - remediation KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18609303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+earthworm+%28Eisenia+fetida%29+and+wheat+%28Triticum+aestivum%29+straw+additions+on+selected+properties+of+petroleum-contaminated+soils&rft.au=Callaham%2C+MA+Jr%3BStewart%2C+A+J%3BAlarcon%2C+C%3BMcMillen%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Callaham&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1658&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Contribution of fitness and activity to childhood obesity among hispanic siblings AN - 18508823; 5474492 AB - To determine the relative contribution of the environment and genetics to childhood obesity, obese Hispanic children and their biological siblings are being phenotyped in the Viva La Familia study. Herewithin, the contribution of activity and fitness to childhood obesity is tested in 351 Hispanic children. Families are ascertained on an obese child with BMI>95 super(th) percentile and percent fat mass>85 super(th) percentile. Body composition is measured by DXA. Fitness is assessed by a VO sub(2)peak test on a treadmill. Activity is monitored for 3-d using a Mini-Mitter Actiwatch. Adjusted for age, sex, and FFM, VO sub(2)peak was significantly lower in obese than nonobese boys. Activity counts did not differ by obesity status. Obese children spent slightly more time in sedentary activities and less time in light activities than their nonobese siblings, while the time spent in moderate and vigorous activities did not differ by obesity status. Conclusion: Physical activity and fitness were not necessarily lower in obese children compared with their nonobese siblings. JF - International Journal of Obesity AU - Butte, N AU - Ellis, K AU - Bacino, C AU - Puyau, M AU - Adolph, A AU - Vohra, F AU - Cole, S AU - Martin, L AU - Comuzzie, A Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1 PB - Nature Publishing Group, Brunel Road Houndmills Basingstoke Hampshire RG21 6XS UK, [URL:http://www.naturesj.com/ijo/] VL - 26 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18508823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+fitness+and+activity+to+childhood+obesity+among+hispanic+siblings&rft.au=Butte%2C+N%3BEllis%2C+K%3BBacino%2C+C%3BPuyau%2C+M%3BAdolph%2C+A%3BVohra%2C+F%3BCole%2C+S%3BMartin%2C+L%3BComuzzie%2C+A&rft.aulast=Butte&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Obesity&rft.issn=03070565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pear Transformed with a Lytic Peptide Gene for Disease Control Affects Nontarget Organism, Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) AN - 18491104; 5459969 AB - The biology and behavior of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, on a transgenic clone of 'Bartlett' pear, Pyrus communis L., containing a synthetic antimicrobial gene, D5C1 , was compared with that of a nontransgenic parental clone to determine whether there were any nontarget effects. The gene construct also contained the marker gene nptII (aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase II) that encodes for antibiotic resistance to identify transformed plants. The purpose of the original transformation was to enhance pear resistance to the bacterial disease fireblight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al. The biology and behavior of pear psylla on a transgenic clone were compared with a nontransgenic parental pear clone in short- (~,7-d) and long-term (32-d) studies. Short-term studies indicated pear psylla adults preferred to settle and oviposit, and nymphs fed more and developed slightly faster, on transgenic pear compared with nontransgenic pear. In contrast, a long-term study on psylla colony development showed considerably fewer eggs, nymphs, and adults were produced on transgenic pear. Although adults reared on transgenic pear did not have weight affected, females produced fewer eggs and nymphal hatch was significantly reduced on the transgenic pear clone. Our results suggest that pear psylla biology and behavior are initially enhanced on this transgenic pear clone. However, chronic exposure of psylla populations to transformed pear plants that express the nptII marker and lytic peptide genes had detrimental effects on pear psylla reproductive biology. Field studies would be required to determine the specific effects of each gene on pear psylla biology and behavior and whether these effects would be expressed under natural conditions. The four-fold reduction in psylla population levels that resulted on this disease resistant transgenic pear line would be an added benefit to a pear integrated pest management (IPM) program. Overall, this study demonstrates that genetically altering plants to control one particular organism can have unintentional yet beneficial effects against other nontarget pest organisms in agricultural crops. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Puterka, G J AU - Bocchetti, C AU - Dang, P AU - Bell, R L AU - Scorza, R Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 797 EP - 802 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Homoptera KW - Jumping plantlice KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18491104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Pear+Transformed+with+a+Lytic+Peptide+Gene+for+Disease+Control+Affects+Nontarget+Organism%2C+Pear+Psylla+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29&rft.au=Puterka%2C+G+J%3BBocchetti%2C+C%3BDang%2C+P%3BBell%2C+R+L%3BScorza%2C+R&rft.aulast=Puterka&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=797&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282002%29095%280797%3APTWALP%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=95&page=797 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2002)095(0797:PTWALP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation of Predatory Arthropods in Cotton: Role of Action Thresholds for Bemisia Tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) AN - 18490412; 5459953 AB - Studies were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to examine the effects of a range of action thresholds for managing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Biotype B (=B. argentifolii Bellows & Perring) with insecticides in cotton on populations of arthropod predators in Imperial Valley, CA, and Maricopa, AZ. Application of insecticides significantly reduced population densities of spiders, Geocoris punctipes (Say), G. pallens (Staal), Orius tristicolor (White), Nabis alternatus Parshley, Zelus renardii Kolenati, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, Spanogonicus albofasciatus (Reuter), Drapetis sp., and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens in one or both years and sites compared with untreated controls. Use of higher B. tabaci thresholds conserved some species and groups relative to lower thresholds. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that reductions in predator populations were generally influenced more strongly by the timing of the first insecticide application than by the total number of sprays necessary to maintain suppression of the pest below any given action threshold. A predation index, which weights the importance of each predator species based on their known frequency of predation on B. tabaci and another key pest, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), was developed and analyzed. Patterns were similar to results based on changes in abundance alone, but the index generally revealed less severe effects of insecticides on overall predator function. The current action threshold for conventional insecticidal control of B. tabaci in Arizona and southern California is five adults per leaf. Results here suggest that predator conservation may be enhanced by raising the initial threshold to delay the first application or initially using more selective materials such as insect growth regulators. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Naranjo, SE AU - Ellsworth, P C AU - Chu, C C AU - Henneberry, T J AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 East Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, snaranjo@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 682 EP - 691 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Treehoppers KW - Whiteflies KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18490412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Conservation+of+Predatory+Arthropods+in+Cotton%3A+Role+of+Action+Thresholds+for+Bemisia+Tabaci+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29&rft.au=Naranjo%2C+SE%3BEllsworth%2C+P+C%3BChu%2C+C+C%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Naranjo&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=682&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282002%29095%280682%3ACOPAIC%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=95&page=682 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2002)095(0682:COPAIC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutation of rpiA in Enterobacter cloacae Decreases Seed and Root Colonization and Biocontrol of Damping-Off Caused by Pythium ultimum on Cucumber AN - 18477911; 5451912 AB - Strains of Enterobacter cloacae show promise as biocontrol agents for Pythium ultimum-induced damping-off on cucumber and other crops. E. cloacae A145 is a mini-Tn5 Km transposon mutant of strain 501R3 that was significantly reduced in suppression of damping-off on cucumber caused by P. ultimum. Strain A145 was deficient in colonization of cucumber, sunflower, and wheat seeds and significantly reduced in colonization of corn and cowpea seeds relative to strain 501R3. Populations of strain A145 were also significantly lower than those of strain 501R3 at all sampling times in cucumber, wheat, and sunflower rhizosphere. Populations of strain A145 were not detectable in any rhizosphere after 42 days, while populations of strain 501R3 remained at substantial levels throughout all experiments. Molecular characterization of strain A145 indicated mini-Tn5 Km was inserted in a region of the E. cloacae genome with a high degree of DNA and amino acid sequence similarity to rpiA, which encodes ribose-5-phosphate isomerase. In Escherichia coli, RpiA catalyzes the interconversion of ribose-5-phosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate and is a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity in cell lysates from strain A145 was approximately 3.5% of that from strain 501R3. In addition, strain A145 was a ribose auxotroph, as expected for an rpiA mutant. Introduction of a 1.0-kb DNA fragment containing only the rpiA homologue into strain A145 restored ribose phosphate isomerase activity, prototrophy, seedling colonization, and disease suppression to levels similar to those associated with strain 501R3. Experiments reported here indicate a key role for rpiA and possibly the pentose phosphate pathway in suppression of damping-off and colonization of subterranean portions of plants by E. cloacae. JF - Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions AU - Lohrke, S M AU - Dery, P D AU - Li, Wei AU - Reedy, R AU - Kobayashi, D Y AU - Roberts, D P AD - Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Building 001, Room 140, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, robertsd@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 817 EP - 825 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - ribose-5-phosphate KW - rpiA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18477911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.atitle=Mutation+of+rpiA+in+Enterobacter+cloacae+Decreases+Seed+and+Root+Colonization+and+Biocontrol+of+Damping-Off+Caused+by+Pythium+ultimum+on+Cucumber&rft.au=Lohrke%2C+S+M%3BDery%2C+P+D%3BLi%2C+Wei%3BReedy%2C+R%3BKobayashi%2C+D+Y%3BRoberts%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Lohrke&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a coupled enzyme assay for the measurement of alternanase activity AN - 18476372; 5445530 AB - Alternanase, an endoglucanase that hydrolyzes the bacterial exopolysaccharide alternan, will also hydrolyze the trisaccharide, panose, to produce glucose and a disaccharide that can be formed into a novel, cyclic tetrasaccharide. The glucose can then be selectively and quantitatively measured by enzyme-based reaction which forms the basis of a coupled enzyme assay to quantitate alternanase activity. By this method a preparation of alternanase purified by affinity chromatography on immobilized isomaltose had a maximum reaction rate (V sub(max)) of 0.75 mu mol glucose min super(-1) and a K sub(m) of 34 mM for panose. Two competitive inhibitors of alternanase activity were also evaluated using this coupled enzyme assay: isomaltose had a K sub(i) of 94 mM while the cyclic tetrasaccharide had a K sub(i) of 66 mM. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Ahlgren, JA AU - Cote, G L AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA, cotegl@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Aug 01 SP - 1277 EP - 1280 VL - 24 IS - 15 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - alternanase KW - isomaltose KW - panose KW - trisaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18476372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+coupled+enzyme+assay+for+the+measurement+of+alternanase+activity&rft.au=Ahlgren%2C+JA%3BCote%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Ahlgren&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Leaf Chemistry and Reproduction by Twospotted Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on White Clover AN - 18462526; 5439341 AB - Plant growth and yield responses to carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment are well established. Much less is known of the response of arthropod pests to CO2 enrichment. Reproductive response of twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to a range of CO2 concentrations was measured. The CO2 treatments were applied for 24 h d-1 at -395, 484, 570, 657, and 748 kLL-1 on the 14 d before and 26-27 d after infestation with mites. Eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adult mites were removed from leaves and counted 27-29 d after infestation. Leaf area and weight were measured, and leaves were analyzed to measure structural and nonstructural carbohydrates, N, amino acids and digestibility. Carbon dioxide enrichment caused linear increases in plant growth and foliar nonstructural carbohydrates, but caused linear decreases in foliar N. Carbon dioxide enrichment significantly increased the rate of mite reproduction on both clover clones. Correlations between mite population increase were significantly positive for foliar nonstructural carbohydrates and significantly negative for foliar N. Concentrations of ambient CO2 expected in the 21st century may increase the risk of mite population damage on some plant species. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Heagle, A S AU - Burns, J C AU - Fisher, D S AU - Miller, JE AD - Air Quality-Plant Growth and Development Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3908 Inwood Road, Raleigh, NC 27603, asheagle@unity.ncsu.edu Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 594 EP - 601 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Acari KW - Spider mites KW - White clover KW - elevated carbon dioxide KW - Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - Y 25422:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - D 04660:Arachnids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18462526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Carbon+Dioxide+Enrichment+on+Leaf+Chemistry+and+Reproduction+by+Twospotted+Spider+Mites+%28Acari%3A+Tetranychidae%29+on+White+Clover&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BBurns%2C+J+C%3BFisher%2C+D+S%3BMiller%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%280469%3ADAPOPA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031(0594:EOCDEO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictive model for growth of Clostridium perfringens during cooling of cooked cured chicken AN - 18455713; 5429992 AB - Estimates of the growth kinetics of Clostridium perfringens from spores at temperatures applicable to the cooling of cooked cured chicken products are presented. A model for predicting relative growth of C. perfringens from spores during cooling of cured chicken is derived using a nonlinear mixed effects analysis of the data. This statistical procedure has not been used in the predictive microbiology literature that has been written for microbiologists. However, recently software systems have been including this statistical procedure. The primary growth curves, based on the stages of cell development, identify two parameters: (1) germination, outgrowth, and lag (GOL) time, or lag phase time; and (2) exponential growth rate, egr. The mixed effects model does not consider GOL and egr as constants, but as random variables that would, in all likelihood, differ for different cooling events with the same temperature. As such, it is estimated that the egr, for a given temperature, has a CV of approximately 19%. The model obtained by the mixed effects model is compared to the one obtained by the more traditional two-stage approach. The estimated parameters from the derived models are virtually the same. The model predicts, for example, a geometric mean relative growth of about 9.4 with an upper 95% confidence limit of 21.3 when cooling the product from 51 degree C to 12 degree C in 8 h, assuming log linear decline in temperature with time. C. perfringens growth from spores was not observed at a temperature of 12 degree C for up to 3 weeks. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Juneja, V K AU - Marks, H M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 313 EP - 327 PB - Academic Press VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18455713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Predictive+model+for+growth+of+Clostridium+perfringens+during+cooling+of+cooked+cured+chicken&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BMarks%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ffmic.2002.0486 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fmic.2002.0486 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nesting Biology Of Tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae) In Fragmented South-temperate Rainforests Of Chile AN - 18451361; 5419291 AB - We studied the effect of forest fragmentation on the nesting biology and reproductive success of three species of tapaculos (Rhinocryptidae) in relation to forest size, edge effects, and disturbance from livestock or logging over a 6-year period (1993-1999) in Chilean temperate rainforest. Overall, Mayfield nest success (n = 360) among the three species ranged from 64% to 85%, and predation accounted for 64% of nest losses. Considering all types of losses, nest mortality was similar in fragmented and unfragmented forest, but predation was higher in fragmented forest. Successful nest sites of the Chucao Tapaculo (Sclerochilus rubecula; the species with the largest sample size) were nearer forest edges, better concealed, closer to the ground, and had longer entrance tunnels, on average, than depredated nests. Reuse of nest sites by chucaos was more common in forest fragments with livestock or logging than in undisturbed forests, but reuse was independent of forest size. Success of second broods was lower in reused nest sites than in new nest sites. Nestling growth in fragmented forest and forest with livestock or logging activity was similar to that in unfragmented and undisturbed forest. Clutch size was typically two, but birds nesting at low densities in forest fragments often laid three-egg clutches following a nest failure. In addition to negative effects of forest fragmentation during nesting (greater use of less-successful nest sites, higher nest predation), there was an indication that early juvenile survival was lower in forest fragments.Original Abstract: Durante seis anos (1993-1999) estudiamos los efectos de la fragmentacion de bosques templados del sur de Chile sobre la biologia y exito reproductivo de tres especies de tapaculos (Rhynocriptidae) en relacion al tamano del fragmento boscoso, efectos de borde, y perturbacion por ganado domestico y tala de arboles. En general, el exito de nidificacion (n = 360) estimado por el metodo Mayfield para las tres especies vario entre 64% y 85%. La depredacion explico un 64% de las perdidas de nidos. Tomando en cuenta todas las causas de mortalidad, la perdida de nidos fue equivalente en bosques fragmentados y continuos, pero la depredacion fue mayor en bosques fragmentados. Los sitios de nidificacion exitosa de Sclerochilus rubecula (chucao; la especie con el mayor numero de muestras) se encontraron, en promedio, mas cerca de los bordes, mejor ocultos, mas cerca del suelo y con tuneles de entrada mas largos que los nidos depredados. La reutilizacion de nidos por parte de los chucaos fue mas comun en los fragmentos perturbados por tala de arboles o pisoteo de ganado que en bosques no perturbados, pero fue independiente del tamano del fragmento. El exito de la segunda nidada fue menor en nidos re-utilizados que en nidos nuevos. El crecimiento de los juveniles en los nidos ubicados en bosques fragmentados y perturbados fue similar al del observado en los bosques continuos no perturbados. El numero de crias de los chucaos fue tipicamente dos, pero las aves que anidaron en fragmentos boscosos, donde la densidad local era baja, frecuentemente pusieron tres huevos por nido luego de un intento de nidificacion fallido. Ademas de los efectos negativos de la fragmentacion del bosque durante el periodo de nidificacion (i.e., mayor uso de sitios de nidificacion inseguros, mayor depredacion de nidos), la sobrevivencia temprana de los juveniles seria menor en fragmentos boscosos. JF - Condor AU - De Santo, TL AU - Willson, M F AU - Sieving, KE AU - Armesto, J J AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A, Juneau AK 99801-8545, damore@gci.net Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 482 EP - 495 PB - Cooper Ornithological Society VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18451361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Nesting+Biology+Of+Tapaculos+%28Rhinocryptidae%29+In+Fragmented+South-temperate+Rainforests+Of+Chile&rft.au=De+Santo%2C+TL%3BWillson%2C+M+F%3BSieving%2C+KE%3BArmesto%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=De+Santo&rft.aufirst=TL&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0010-5422%282002%29104%280482%3ANBOTRI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0010-5422(2002)104(0482:NBOTRI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - American White Pelican Soaring Flight Times And Altitudes Relative To Changes In Thermal Depth And Intensity AN - 18447973; 5419313 AB - We compared American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) soaring flight times and altitudes to model-produced estimates of thermal depth and intensity. These data showed that pelican soaring flight was confined to the thermal layer, and that the vertical extent of the soaring flight envelope increased with increases in thermal depth. Pelicans soaring cross-country between foraging and breeding sites flew mainly within the middle of the thermal layer, regardless of its depth. In contrast, pelicans engaged in wandering flight near foraging sites typically confined their flight to the lower thermal layer. Pelicans soaring cross-country likely flew higher in the thermal layer to maximize cross-country soaring performance, while pelicans soaring locally presumably flew lower because additional altitude was unneeded for gliding short distances. An analysis of pelican flight times relative to model-produced estimates of thermal intensity suggested that pelicans began soaring as soon as sufficiently strong thermals developed daily.Original Abstract: Comparamos el tiempo y la intensidad del vuelo planeado del pelicano Pelecanus erythrorhynchos con estimaciones modeladas de la profundidad e intensidad de las corrientes termicas. Estos datos mostraron que el planeo de los pelicanos estuvo confinado a la capa termica y que la extension vertical del area de planeo incremento con incrementos en la profundidad de la corriente termica. Los pelicanos que planearon a campo traviesa entre los sitios de alimentacion y cria volaron principalmente en el medio de la capa termica, independientemente de su profundidad. En contraste, los pelicanos que vagaron cerca de los sitios de alimentacion tipicamente restringieron sus vuelos a la parte inferior de la capa termica. Los pelicanos que planearon a campo traviesa probablemente volaron mas alto en la capa termica para maximizar el desempeno del planeo, mientras que los que planearon a nivel local presumiblemente volaron mas bajo porque no necesitaron mayor altitud para planear por distancias cortas. Un analisis del tiempo de vuelo de los pelicanos con relacion a las estimaciones modeladas de intensidad de las corrientes termicas sugirio que los pelicanos comenzaron a planear diariamente tan pronto como aparecieron corrientes termicas suficientemente fuertes. JF - Condor AU - Shannon, H D AU - Young, G S AU - Yates, MA AU - Fuller, M R AU - Seegar, W S AD - Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, hshannon@oce.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 679 EP - 683 PB - Cooper Ornithological Society VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - American white pelican KW - thermals KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 01423:Behaviour KW - Q1 01361:General KW - Y 25656:Birds KW - Q1 01421:Migrations and rhythms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18447973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=American+White+Pelican+Soaring+Flight+Times+And+Altitudes+Relative+To+Changes+In+Thermal+Depth+And+Intensity&rft.au=Shannon%2C+H+D%3BYoung%2C+G+S%3BYates%2C+MA%3BFuller%2C+M+R%3BSeegar%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Shannon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0010-5422%282002%29104%280679%3AAWPSFT%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater; Brackish; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0010-5422(2002)104(0679:AWPSFT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microsatellite variation in the reintroduced Pennsylvania elk herd AN - 18446157; 5423440 AB - Relocation programs have restored elk (Cervus elaphus ) to portions of its vast historical range. We examine the consequences of these relocation programs by assessing variation at 10 microsatellite loci in three elk herds, a source herd (Yellowstone National Park), a large herd reintroduced from Yellowstone (Custer State Park) and a bottlenecked herd reintroduced from both Yellowstone and Custer (the Pennsylvania herd). Observed single locus heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.739. Multi-locus heterozygosities ranged from 0.222 to 0.589. Although significant differences were detected among all three herds, the Yellowstone National Park and Custer State Park herds possessed similar levels of variation and heterozygosity, and the genetic distance between these two herds was small. The Pennsylvania herd, on the other hand, experienced a 61.5% decrease in heterozygosity relative to its source herds, possessed no unique and few rare alleles, and the genetic distances between the Pennsylvania herd and its sources were large. Simulations were performed to identify bottleneck scenarios in agreement with levels of variation in the Pennsylvania herd. Our data confirm that the rate of population growth post-relocation may have important genetic consequences and indicate that theoretical predictions regarding the maintenance of genetic variation during relocation events must be viewed with caution when small numbers of a polygynous species are released. JF - Molecular Ecology AU - Williams, CL AU - Serfass, T L AU - Cogan, R AU - Rhodes, O E AD - Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, Christen.L.Williams@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 1299 EP - 1310 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 11 IS - 8 SN - 0962-1083, 0962-1083 KW - Red Deer KW - Wapiti KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07409:Ruminantia (nondomestic and camelids) KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18446157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fitness+of+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+Thompson+in+the+Cilantro+Phyllosphere&rft.au=Brandl%2C+M+T%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Brandl&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.7.3588-3596.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01546.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infectivity of beetle spiroplasmas for new host species AN - 18446138; 5428533 AB - Five beetle spiroplasmas, the Colorado potato beetle spiroplasma (CPBS, strain LD-1), the Cantharis carolinus spiroplasma (CCBS, strain CC-1), the Ellychnia corrusca firefly spiroplasma (FS, strain EC-1), the Diabrotica undecimpunctata corn rootworm spiroplasma (CRS, strain DU-1), and the Spiroplasma floricola fall flower spiroplasma (FFS), all associated with beetles, were fed to beetles (Maladera matrida and Carpophilus humeralis) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens). CPBS and CCBS were also injected into M. matrida. Attempts to recover spiroplasmas from regurgitates and hemolymph were conducted 1-10 days after their introduction. After day 1, orally administered spiroplasmas could not be recovered from M. matrida beetles; however, at 2-5 days, four out of five spiroplasmas were recovered from adult C. humeralis. Injected spiroplasmas survived in the hemolymph of M. matrida beetles for a relatively long period (at least 22 days). All five spiroplasmas were recovered from mosquitoes 1 day post feeding, but only two (CCBS and CRS) survived for five or more days. The results show short and variable persistence in orally challenged non-host insects, with general failure to pass the gut barrier. Such evidence should be considered when attempting to use these microbes in biocontrol programs. JF - BioControl AU - Klein, M AU - Braverman, Y AU - Chizov-Ginzburg, A AU - Gol'berg, A AU - Blumberg, D AU - Khanbegyan, Y AU - Hackett, K J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, kjh@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 427 EP - 433 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 1386-6141, 1386-6141 KW - Coleoptera KW - Mosquitoes KW - Northern house mosquito KW - Yellow fever mosquito KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18446138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Metabolic+engineering+of+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+for+production+of+novel+lipid+compounds&rft.au=Dyer%2C+J%3BChapital%2C+D%3BKuan%2C+J%3BMullen%2C+R%3BPepperman%2C+A&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-002-0997-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Value of Coarse-Scale Soil Moisture Observations for Regional Surface Energy Balance Modeling AN - 18442182; 5419773 AB - Using high-resolution (1 km) hydrologic modeling of the 575 000-km2 Red-Arkansas River basin, the impact of spatially aggregating soil moisture imagery up to the footprint scale (32-64 km) of spaceborne microwave radiometers on regional-scale prediction of surface energy fluxes is examined. While errors in surface energy fluxes associated with the aggregation of soil moisture are potentially large (>50 W m-2), relatively simple representations of subfootprint-scale variability are capable of substantially reducing the impact of soil moisture aggregation on land surface model energy flux predictions. This suggests that even crude representations of subgrid soil moisture statistics obtained from statistical downscaling procedures can aid regional-scale surface energy flux prediction. One possible soil moisture downscaling procedure, based on an assumption of spatial scaling (i.e., a power-law relationship between statistical moments and scale), is demonstrated to improve TOPmodel-based Land-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (TOPLATS) prediction of grid-scale surface energy fluxes derived from coarse-resolution soil moisture imagery. JF - Journal of Hydrometeorology AU - Crow, W T AU - Wood, E F AD - Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, ARS/USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 467 EP - 482 PB - American Meteorological Society VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1525-755X, 1525-755X KW - USA, Arkansas R. KW - USA, Red R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0810:General KW - M2 551.579:Hydrometeorology (551.579) KW - M2 556.14:Infiltration/Soil Moisture (556.14) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18442182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.atitle=The+Value+of+Coarse-Scale+Soil+Moisture+Observations+for+Regional+Surface+Energy+Balance+Modeling&rft.au=Crow%2C+W+T%3BWood%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Crow&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrometeorology&rft.issn=1525755X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F1525-7541%282002%29003%280467%3ATVOCSS%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/1525-7541(2002)003(0467:TVOCSS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating landscape assessment and hydrologic modeling for land cover change analysis AN - 1665491102; 5467463 AB - Significant land cover changes have occurred in the watersheds that contribute runoff to the upper San Pedro River in Sonora, Mexico, and southeast Arizona. These changes, observed using a series of remotely sensed images taken in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, have been implicated in the alteration of the basin hydrologic response. The Cannonsville subwatershed, located in the Catskill/Delaware watershed complex that delivers water to New York City, provides a contrast in land cover change. In this region, the Cannonsville watershed condition has improved over a comparable time period. A landscape assessment tool using a geographic information system (GIS) has been developed that automates the parameterization of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and KINEmatic Runoff and EROSion (KINEROS) hydrologic models. The Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA) tool was used to prepare parameter input files for the Upper San Pedro Basin, a subwatershed within the San Pedro undergoing significant changes, and the Cannonsville watershed using historical land cover data. Runoff and sediment yield were simulated using these models. In the Cannonsville watershed, land cover change had a beneficial impact on modeled watershed response due to the transition from agriculture to forest land cover. Simulation results for the San Pedro indicate that increasing urban and agricultural areas and the simultaneous invasion of woody plants and decline of grasslands resulted in increased annual and event runoff volumes, flashier flood response, and decreased water quality due to sediment loading. These results demonstrate the usefulness of integrating remote sensing and distributed hydrologic models through the use of GIS for assessing watershed condition and the relative impacts of land cover transitions on hydrologic response. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Miller, S N AU - Kepner, W G AU - Mehaffey, M H AU - Hernandez, M AU - Miller, R C AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Devonald, K K AU - Heggem, D T AU - Miller, W P AD - USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA, smiller@tucson.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - August 2002 SP - 915 EP - 930 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Mexico, Sonora, San Pedro R. KW - USA, Arizona, San Pedro R. KW - USA, New York KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Remote Sensing KW - Case study KW - Case Studies KW - Catchment Areas KW - Remote sensing KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Land use KW - Time dependent KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Sediment Yield KW - Catchment areas KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Modelling (Hydrological) KW - Runoff KW - Sediment/water system KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Geographical Information Systems KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1665491102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Integrating+landscape+assessment+and+hydrologic+modeling+for+land+cover+change+analysis&rft.au=Miller%2C+S+N%3BKepner%2C+W+G%3BMehaffey%2C+M+H%3BHernandez%2C+M%3BMiller%2C+R+C%3BGoodrich%2C+D+C%3BDevonald%2C+K+K%3BHeggem%2C+D+T%3BMiller%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Time dependent; Case study; Catchment areas; Distribution (Mathematical); Remote sensing; Modelling (Hydrological); Sediment/water system; Runoff; Land use; Geographical Information Systems; Remote Sensing; Land Use; Hydrologic Models; Sediment Yield; Case Studies; Catchment Areas; Spatial Distribution; Temporal Distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of Streamwater Acidity in Lye Brook Wilderness, Vermont, USA AN - 16169266; 5854052 AB - Under the United States Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, a class I designation safeguards wilderness areas from the negative effects of new sources of air pollution. We monitored streamwater chemistry in the class I Lye Brook Wilderness in southwestern Vermont from May 1994 through August 1995. Stream samples were collected biweekly at nine sampling locations throughout the wilderness and were analyzed for major cations and anions, dissolved organic carbon, pH, and acid-neutralizing capacity. Eight of nine sites sampled had mean annual acid neutralizing capacity values below zero. During the study period, decreases in streamwater acid neutralizing capacity values were caused primarily by SO sub(4) super(2m). At some sites, however, NO sub(3) super(m) and naturally occurring, weak organic acids were seasonally important. During high discharge, the low pH and high concentrations of inorganic monomeric Al were at levels that are toxic to acid-sensitive aquatic species. Watershed mass balances were calculated to determine annual gains or losses for measured ions. These budgets indicate that S inputs and outputs were nearly equal, there was a net loss of base cations, and a net gain in N. How long these watersheds can continue to assimilate additional N inputs is unknown. JF - Environmental Management AU - Campbell, J L AU - Eagar, C AU - McDowell, W H AD - Northeastern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 234 EP - 248 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Sulfates KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Anions KW - Water sampling KW - Organic acids KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Environmental factors KW - Sulphur compounds KW - Environmental Policy KW - Sampling KW - Dissolved organic carbon KW - Acidity KW - Air Pollution KW - Clean Air Act Amendments KW - Organic Acids KW - Nitrates KW - Organic Carbon KW - USA, Vermont, Lye Brook Wilderness KW - Hydrogen Ion Concentration KW - Air pollution KW - Cations KW - River water KW - Acids KW - Aluminium KW - Wilderness KW - Capacity KW - Nitrogen compounds KW - USA, Vermont KW - Wilderness Areas KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16169266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+Streamwater+Acidity+in+Lye+Brook+Wilderness%2C+Vermont%2C+USA&rft.au=Campbell%2C+J+L%3BEagar%2C+C%3BMcDowell%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-001-0067-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Anions; Organic acids; Pollution dispersion; Pollution effects; Watersheds; Environmental factors; Sulphur compounds; Air pollution; River water; Cations; Aluminium; Dissolved organic carbon; Nitrogen compounds; Acidity; Sulfates; Clean Air Act Amendments; Nitrates; Water sampling; Wilderness; Streams; Air Pollution; Organic Acids; Organic Carbon; Hydrogen Ion Concentration; Acids; Environmental Policy; Capacity; Sampling; Wilderness Areas; USA, Vermont, Lye Brook Wilderness; USA, Vermont; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-001-0067-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campylobacter coli Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis Genotypic Diversity Among Sows and Piglets in a Farrowing Barn AN - 1448224801; 18620183 AB - Genotypes of Campylobacter coli isolates from feces of three sows and rectal swabs of 17 piglets were examined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). All of the animals originated from a single farrowing barn of a farrow-to-finish swine operation. Five Campylobacter colonies were picked from a single agar plate for each sample after broth enrichment and growth on Campy-Cefex agar. Genotypes were examined by PFGE after genomic DNA digestion with SmaI and SacII restriction endonucleases. Twenty SmaI genotypes and 12 SacII genotypes were detected among 99 Campylobacter coli isolates. There was no pattern of shared genotypes between sows and their respective piglets, nor between littermates. Results indicate that a high number of Campylobacter genotypes may coexist in related pigs from a single housing facility. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Hume, Michael E AU - Droleskey, Robert E AU - Sheffield, Cynthia L AU - Harvey, Roger B AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station,, TX 77845, USA, US Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 128 EP - 132 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Agar KW - Campylobacter coli KW - Genotypes KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448224801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+coli+Pulsed+Field+Gel+Electrophoresis+Genotypic+Diversity+Among+Sows+and+Piglets+in+a+Farrowing+Barn&rft.au=Hume%2C+Michael+E%3BDroleskey%2C+Robert+E%3BSheffield%2C+Cynthia+L%3BHarvey%2C+Roger+B&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-001-0096-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genotypes; Campylobacter coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-001-0096-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing a Policy Grab Bag: Federal Water Policy Reform AN - 1038614171; 17020573 AB - This article examines the economic impacts of policy alternatives for addressing allocative inefficiencies among agricultural, urban, and environmental uses of federal water. The Central Valley Project Improvement Act, composed of multiple incentive-based and command-and-control policies, forms the context for this analysis. Estimated multi-output agricultural revenue functions and urban water demand functions are incorporated into a nonlinear programming model designed to predict changes in water use, returns to agriculture, and urban consumer surplus. Results suggest that analysis that does not explicitly model policy instruments implemented at sub-optimal levels and, as part of a package of reforms, could over- or underestimate the costs, benefits, and effectiveness of each policy instrument. JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Weinberg, Marca AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Y1 - 2002/08// PY - 2002 DA - Aug 2002 SP - 541 EP - 556 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 84 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Economics KW - ENA 05:ENAironmental Design & Urban Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038614171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Assessing+a+Policy+Grab+Bag%3A+Federal+Water+Policy+Reform&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+Marca&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=Marca&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00029092&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F1467-8276.00318 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Economics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8276.00318 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Health of forests and grasslands could be slipping away under your feet! AN - 39661173; 3695326 AU - Keely, J Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39661173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Health+of+forests+and+grasslands+could+be+slipping+away+under+your+feet%21&rft.au=Keely%2C+J&rft.aulast=Keely&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Multidisciplinary weed management on the middle fork and main salmon wild and scenic rivers: Gardening for wilderness values AN - 39661123; 3695319 AU - Hagedorn, L AU - Bernhardt, B AU - Carlson, J Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39661123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Multidisciplinary+weed+management+on+the+middle+fork+and+main+salmon+wild+and+scenic+rivers%3A+Gardening+for+wilderness+values&rft.au=Hagedorn%2C+L%3BBernhardt%2C+B%3BCarlson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hagedorn&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Grand canyon to grand station: A history of grand canyon recreation AN - 39661054; 3695313 AU - Brown, M Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39661054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Grand+canyon+to+grand+station%3A+A+history+of+grand+canyon+recreation&rft.au=Brown%2C+M&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - River patrol programs: A field perspective from river rangers AN - 39594811; 3695320 AU - Miller, B Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39594811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=River+patrol+programs%3A+A+field+perspective+from+river+rangers&rft.au=Miller%2C+B&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - River protection strategies of the U.S. forest service AN - 39594777; 3695318 AU - Glasser, S Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39594777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=River+protection+strategies+of+the+U.S.+forest+service&rft.au=Glasser%2C+S&rft.aulast=Glasser&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Applications of a human thermal comfort model AN - 39587661; 3684434 AU - Heisler, G M AU - Wang, Y Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39587661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Applications+of+a+human+thermal+comfort+model&rft.au=Heisler%2C+G+M%3BWang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Heisler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108-3693, USA; URL: www.ams.org. Paper No. 7.2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Conundrum of securing water quantities on federal lands AN - 39554028; 3695341 AU - Collette, M Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39554028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Processes+and+forms+of+an+unstable+alluvial+system+with+resistant%2C+cohesive+streambeds&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BThomas%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.347 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Protecting wild and scenic rivers from the harmful effects of water resources projects under section 7 of the act AN - 39540234; 3695349 AU - Horning, P AU - Diedrich, J Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39540234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Protecting+wild+and+scenic+rivers+from+the+harmful+effects+of+water+resources+projects+under+section+7+of+the+act&rft.au=Horning%2C+P%3BDiedrich%2C+J&rft.aulast=Horning&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ecological impacts from whitewater releases - Beneficial, adverse, or non-detectable? AN - 39526095; 3695355 AU - Norman, S Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ecological+impacts+from+whitewater+releases+-+Beneficial%2C+adverse%2C+or+non-detectable%3F&rft.au=Norman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: River Management Society, P.O. Box 9048, Missoula, MT 59807, USA; phone: 406-459-0514; email: rms@river-management.org; URL: www.river-management.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Space-time measurement of soil water and simulation of coupled overland/subsurface flow in undulating terrain AN - 39522089; 3682640 AU - Green, T R AU - Salas, J D AU - Ruan, H Y1 - 2002/07/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Space-time+measurement+of+soil+water+and+simulation+of+coupled+overland%2Fsubsurface+flow+in+undulating+terrain&rft.au=Green%2C+T+R%3BSalas%2C+J+D%3BRuan%2C+H&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Civil Engineering Dept., Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372, USA; URL: hydrologydays.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism of N-terminal autoinhibition in the Arabidopsis Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter CAX1. AN - 71901854; 12006570 AB - Regulation of Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters may be an important function in determining the duration and amplitude of cytosolic Ca(2+) oscillations. Previously the Arabidopsis Ca(2+)/H(+) transporter, CAX1 (cation exchanger 1), was identified by its ability to suppress yeast mutants defective in vacuolar Ca(2+) transport. Recently, a 36-amino acid N-terminal regulatory region on CAX1 has been identified that inhibits CAX1-mediated Ca(2+)/H(+) antiport. Here we show that a synthetic peptide designed against the CAX1 36 amino acids inhibited Ca(2+)/H(+) transport mediated by an N-terminal-truncated CAX1 but did not inhibit Ca(2+) transport by other Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters. Ca(2+)/H(+) antiport activity measured from vacuolar-enriched membranes of Arabidopsis root was also inhibited by the CAX1 peptide. Through analyzing CAX chimeric constructs the region of interaction of the N-terminal regulatory region was mapped to include 7 amino acids (residues 56-62) within CAX1. The CAX1 N-terminal regulatory region was shown to physically interact with this 7-amino acid region by yeast two-hybrid analysis. Mutagenesis of amino acids within the N-terminal regulatory region implicated several residues as being essential for regulation. These findings describe a unique mode of antiporter autoinhibition and demonstrate the first detailed mechanisms for the regulation of a Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter from any organism. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Pittman, Jon K AU - Shigaki, Toshiro AU - Cheng, Ning-Hui AU - Hirschi, Kendal D AD - Plant Physiology Group, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Y1 - 2002/07/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 19 SP - 26452 EP - 26459 VL - 277 IS - 29 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Antiporters KW - 0 KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins KW - Cation Transport Proteins KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - calcium-hydrogen antiporters KW - Threonine KW - 2ZD004190S KW - Serine KW - 452VLY9402 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Protein Structure, Secondary KW - Threonine -- metabolism KW - Peptide Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Arabidopsis KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Serine -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Antiporters -- metabolism KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- physiology KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71901854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+N-terminal+autoinhibition+in+the+Arabidopsis+Ca%282%2B%29%2FH%28%2B%29+antiporter+CAX1.&rft.au=Pittman%2C+Jon+K%3BShigaki%2C+Toshiro%3BCheng%2C+Ning-Hui%3BHirschi%2C+Kendal+D&rft.aulast=Pittman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=2002-07-19&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=29&rft.spage=26452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular and functional characterization of a second copy of the aflatoxin regulatory gene, aflR-2, from Aspergillus parasiticus. AN - 71850544; 12084578 AB - The genes required for the synthesis of aflatoxin (AF) in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus have been shown to be clustered on a chromosome in these fungi. Transcription of most of these genes is dependent upon the activity of the aflR gene, also present on the gene cluster, which encodes a zinc binuclear cluster DNA-binding protein. While many strains of A. parasiticus have only one copy of aflR (aflR-1), many others contain a second copy of this gene (aflR-2) which resides on a duplicated region of the aflatoxin gene cluster. Targeted disruption of aflR-1 generated a number of non-aflatoxin producing transformants of A. parasiticus SU-1 which still harbored a wild-type aflR-2 gene. Southern and Northern hybridization analyses and ELISA assays demonstrated that aflR-1 had been successfully inactivated in strain AFS10. DNA sequence analysis showed that aflR-2 was capable of encoding a deduced 47 kDa protein. Northern and RT-PCR analysis of RNA from a toxin producing strain indicated that aflR-2 was transcribed at extremely low levels compared to aflR-1. RT-PCR analysis of RNA from AFS10 demonstrated that mRNAs of aflatoxin pathway genes were not processed to their mature forms. Functional analysis of aflr-2 protein in a yeast system showed that it was not activating transcription. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Cary, Jeffrey W AU - Dyer, John M AU - Ehrlich, Kenneth C AU - Wright, Maureen S AU - Liang, Shun-Hsin AU - Linz, John E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. jcary@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 19 SP - 316 EP - 323 VL - 1576 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - AFLR-2 protein, Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Genes, Regulator KW - Fungal Proteins -- chemistry KW - Genes, Fungal -- genetics KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71850544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Molecular+and+functional+characterization+of+a+second+copy+of+the+aflatoxin+regulatory+gene%2C+aflR-2%2C+from+Aspergillus+parasiticus.&rft.au=Cary%2C+Jeffrey+W%3BDyer%2C+John+M%3BEhrlich%2C+Kenneth+C%3BWright%2C+Maureen+S%3BLiang%2C+Shun-Hsin%3BLinz%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Cary&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2002-07-19&rft.volume=1576&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF110766; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of a riparian wetland on nitrate and herbicides exported from an agricultural field. AN - 71888519; 12105980 AB - Agrochemicals are a major source of nonpoint pollution. Forested corridors along stream channels (riparian zones) are thought to be potential sites for removal of agricultural contaminants from ground and surface waters. First-order riparian wetlands are reputed to be especially effective at groundwater remediation. The study site is a fairly typical (for eastern Maryland) small, first-order stream in an agricultural watershed. Preferential flow supplies most of the stream water within the riparian headwater wetland. This upstream area also contains the highest average stream N and pesticide loads in the entire first-order riparian system. Zones of active groundwater emergence onto the surface display high concentrations of nitrate throughout the soil profile and in the exfiltrating water, whereas inactive areas (where there is no visible upwelling) show rapid attenuation of nitrate with decreasing depths. Atrazine degradation products appear to penetrate more readily through the most active upwelling zones, and there is a correlation between zones of high nitrate and high atrazine metabolite levels. Deethylatrazine/atrazine ratios (DAR) seem to indicate that stream flow is dominated by ground water and that much of the ground water may have reached the stream via preferential flow. Remediative processes appear to be very complex, heterogeneous, and variable in these systems, so additional research is needed before effective formulation and application of riparian zone initiatives and guidelines can be accomplished. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Angier, Jonathan T AU - McCarty, Gregory W AU - Rice, Clifford P AU - Bialek, Krystyna AD - Environmental Quality Laboratory, Building 007, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. angierj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/17/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 17 SP - 4424 EP - 4429 VL - 50 IS - 15 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Agrochemicals KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Nitrates KW - Water Pollutants KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Maryland KW - Agriculture KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Agrochemicals -- analysis KW - Nitrates -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71888519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+riparian+wetland+on+nitrate+and+herbicides+exported+from+an+agricultural+field.&rft.au=Angier%2C+Jonathan+T%3BMcCarty%2C+Gregory+W%3BRice%2C+Clifford+P%3BBialek%2C+Krystyna&rft.aulast=Angier&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2002-07-17&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=4424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agrochemical and nutrient impacts on estuaries and other aquatic systems. AN - 71888408; 12105974 AB - This paper summarizes the "Agrochemical and Nutrient Impacts on Estuaries" symposium held at the 220th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. The focus of the symposium was to highlight ongoing research efforts to understand estuarine function and pollutant fate in these important ecosystems. Expanding urbanization and agricultural activity can result in increased particulate and chemical loads, resulting in decreased light penetration and degraded aquatic habitats. Legislative and regulatory protections, such as the Clean Water Act and Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), are considered here. Measurement of nutrient and pesticide loads and their ecotoxicological impacts are explored, as well as potential mitigation practices. The complexity and high visibility of estuarine ecosystem health will require continued examination to develop more effective agricultural and land management strategies and sound science-based regulations. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Hapeman, Cathleen J AU - Dionigi, Christopher P AU - Zimba, Paul V AU - McConnell, Laura L AD - Environmental Quality Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. hapemanc@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/17/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 17 SP - 4382 EP - 4384 VL - 50 IS - 15 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Agrochemicals KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Water Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Water Pollution, Chemical -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Fishes KW - Pesticides -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Ecosystem KW - Agrochemicals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71888408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Response+of+white-footed+mice+%28Peromyscus+leucopus%29+to+coarse+woody+debris+and+microsite+use+in+southern+Appalachian+treefall+gaps&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ancestral polymorphism and adaptive evolution in the trichothecene mycotoxin gene cluster of phytopathogenic Fusarium. AN - 71893479; 12080147 AB - Filamentous fungi within the Fusarium graminearum species complex (Fg complex) are the primary etiological agents of Fusarium head blight (scab) of wheat and barley. Scab is an economically devastating plant disease that greatly limits grain yield and quality. In addition, scabby grain is often contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins that act as virulence factors on some hosts, and pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. Strain-specific differences in trichothecene metabolite profiles (chemotypes) are not well correlated with the Fg complex phylogeny based on genealogical concordance at six single-copy nuclear genes. To examine the basis for this discord between species and toxin evolution, a 19-kb region of the trichothecene gene cluster was sequenced in 39 strains chosen to represent the global genetic diversity of species in the Fg complex and four related species of Fusarium. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that polymorphism within these virulence-associated genes is transspecific and appears to have been maintained by balancing selection acting on chemotype differences that originated in the ancestor of this important group of plant pathogens. Chemotype-specific differences in selective constraint and evidence of adaptive evolution within trichothecene genes are also reported. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Ward, Todd J AU - Bielawski, Joseph P AU - Kistler, H Corby AU - Sullivan, Eileen AU - O'Donnell, Kerry AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. wardtj@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/09/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 09 SP - 9278 EP - 9283 VL - 99 IS - 14 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Gene Silencing KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Multigene Family KW - Trichothecenes -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- genetics KW - Evolution, Molecular UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71893479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Ancestral+polymorphism+and+adaptive+evolution+in+the+trichothecene+mycotoxin+gene+cluster+of+phytopathogenic+Fusarium.&rft.au=Ward%2C+Todd+J%3BBielawski%2C+Joseph+P%3BKistler%2C+H+Corby%3BSullivan%2C+Eileen%3BO%27Donnell%2C+Kerry&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.date=2002-07-09&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=9278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY102605; GENBANK; AY102598; AY102597; AY102579; AY102599; AY102576; AY102575; AY102578; AY102577; AY102572; AY102590; AY102571; AY102592; AY102574; AY102573; AY102591; AY102594; AY102593; AY102596; AY102570; AY102595; AY102589; AY102588; AY102569; AY102587; AY102568; AY102586; AY102567; AY102602; AY102581; AY102601; AY102580; AY102604; AY102603; AY102585; AY102584; AY102600; AY102583; AY102582 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Genetics. 2000 May;155(1):431-49 [10790415] J Theor Biol. 2000 May 7;204(1):83-101 [10772850] Bioinformatics. 2000 Jun;16(6):562-3 [10980155] Fungal Genet Biol. 2001 Mar;32(2):121-33 [11352533] Mol Biol Evol. 2001 Aug;18(8):1425-34 [11470833] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Nov;67(11):5294-302 [11679358] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 4;98(25):14512-7 [11734650] Genetics. 2002 Apr;160(4):1451-60 [11973300] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 May;68(5):2148-54 [11976083] Mol Biol Evol. 2002 Jun;19(6):908-17 [12032247] J Biochem. 1973 Aug;74(2):285-96 [4586675] Nature. 1988 Sep 8;335(6186):167-70 [3412472] Genetics. 1990 Apr;124(4):967-78 [2323559] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(24):9732-5 [2263623] Mol Biol Evol. 1995 Sep;12(5):823-33 [7476128] Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1995 Jul-Aug;8(4):593-601 [8589414] Comput Appl Biosci. 1997 Oct;13(5):555-6 [9367129] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jan;64(1):221-5 [9435078] J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 16;273(3):1654-61 [9430709] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Oct 13;95(21):12398-403 [9770498] Proc Biol Sci. 2000 Feb 22;267(1441):379-84 [10722220] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jul 5;97(14):7905-10 [10869425] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of storage on some volatile aroma compounds in fresh-cut cantaloupe melon. AN - 71852215; 12083880 AB - Changes in volatile aroma constituents of fresh-cut cantaloupe melon with storage were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compounds isolated from the fruit immediately after cutting were predominantly aliphatic and aromatic esters. Storage of fruit at 4 degrees C caused a considerable decrease in concentration of esters and synthesis of the terpenoid compounds beta-ionone and geranylacetone over a period of 24 h. This change in the volatile profile with storage is consistent with that of a stress-induced defense response in the cut fruit as an adaptation process to tissue exposure and cell disruption. The same effect occurred in fruit stored at 22 degrees C and in those treated with sodium azide and ascorbic acid prior to storage. Fruit treated with ascorbic acid and sodium azide had higher concentrations of beta-ionone and geranylacetone and retained these compounds better with storage time. The reduction of esters appears to be an important early reaction step in the loss of freshness during storage of fresh-cut cantaloupe. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Lamikanra, Olusola AU - Richard, Olga A AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA. sola@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 03 SP - 4043 EP - 4047 VL - 50 IS - 14 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Esters KW - 0 KW - Norisoprenoids KW - Terpenes KW - Sodium Azide KW - 968JJ8C9DV KW - geranylacetone KW - 9B7RY79U9Z KW - beta-ionone KW - A7NRR1HLH6 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Sodium Azide -- pharmacology KW - Esters -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Terpenes -- analysis KW - Food Handling KW - Volatilization KW - Cold Temperature KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Cucumis -- chemistry KW - Odorants KW - Fruit -- chemistry KW - Food Preservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71852215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Effect+of+storage+on+some+volatile+aroma+compounds+in+fresh-cut+cantaloupe+melon.&rft.au=Lamikanra%2C+Olusola%3BRichard%2C+Olga+A&rft.aulast=Lamikanra&rft.aufirst=Olusola&rft.date=2002-07-03&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=4043&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatilization of trifluralin, atrazine, metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, alpha-endosulfan, and beta-endosulfan from freshly tilled soil. AN - 71848831; 12083875 AB - The volatile and soil loss profiles of six agricultural pesticides were measured for 20 days following treatment to freshly tilled soil at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. The volatile fluxes were determined using the Theoretical Profile Shape (TPS) method. Polyurethane foam plugs were used to collect the gas-phase levels of the pesticides at the TPS-defined critical height above a treated field. Surface-soil (0-8 cm) samples were collected on each day of air sampling. The order of the volatile flux losses was trifluralin > alpha-endosulfan > chlorpyrifos > metolachlor > atrazine > beta-endosulfan. The magnitude of the losses ranged from 14.1% of nominal applied amounts of trifluralin to 2.5% of beta-endosulfan. The daily loss profiles were typical of those observed by others for volatile flux of pesticides from moist soil. Even though heavy rains occurred from the first to third day after treatment, the majority of the losses took place within 4 days of treatment, that is, 59% of the total applied atrazine and metolachlor and >78% of the other pesticides. Soil losses generally followed pseudo-first-order kinetics; however, leaching due to heavy rainfall caused significant errors in these results. The portion of soil losses that were accounted for by the volatile fluxes was ordered as follows: alpha-endosulfan, 34.5%; trifluralin, 26.5%; chlorpyrifos, 23.3%; beta-endosulfan, 14.5%; metolachlor, 12.4%; and atrazine, 7.5%. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Rice, Clifford P AU - Nochetto, Cristina B AU - Zara, Pedro AD - Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 03 SP - 4009 EP - 4017 VL - 50 IS - 14 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Agrochemicals KW - Herbicides KW - Insecticides KW - Soil KW - Trifluralin KW - C8BX46QL7K KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Endosulfan KW - OKA6A6ZD4K KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - metolachlor KW - X0I01K05X2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Atrazine -- chemistry KW - Trifluralin -- chemistry KW - Chlorpyrifos -- chemistry KW - Endosulfan -- chemistry KW - Acetamides -- chemistry KW - Volatilization KW - Insecticides -- chemistry KW - Herbicides -- chemistry KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Agrochemicals -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71848831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Volatilization+of+trifluralin%2C+atrazine%2C+metolachlor%2C+chlorpyrifos%2C+alpha-endosulfan%2C+and+beta-endosulfan+from+freshly+tilled+soil.&rft.au=Rice%2C+Clifford+P%3BNochetto%2C+Cristina+B%3BZara%2C+Pedro&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft.date=2002-07-03&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=4009&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phyllosilicate sol-gel immobilized lipases for the formation of partial acylglycerides AN - 18482777; 5447219 AB - Lipase PS-30 (Pseudomonas cepacia) and Lipase F (Rhizopus oryzae), immobilized within a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix, catalyzed the esterification of glycerol with short, medium and long-chain fatty acids to produce mono (MAG), di (DAG) and tri (TAG) acylglycerols. The results from the above esterification reactions were compared to reactions using a commercially available immobilized lipase, Lipozyme IM-60. Time course studies showed that free Lipase PS-30 or Lipase F enhanced esterification reactions with the use of silica-supported glycerol. In contrast, immobilized Lipase PS-30-catalyzed reactions occurred at the same conversion rate when using either free or silica-supported glycerol. For immobilized Lipase F and Lipozyme IM-60 reactions, the use of silica-supported glycerol favored the production of DAG and TAG over MAG. All three immobilized lipases could be reused for acylglycerol production. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Hsu, An-Fei AU - Jones, K AU - Foglia, T A AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, ahsu@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/07/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 02 SP - 1161 EP - 1165 VL - 24 IS - 14 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - acylglycerides KW - acylglycerols KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W2 32350:Carbohydrates KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18482777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Phyllosilicate+sol-gel+immobilized+lipases+for+the+formation+of+partial+acylglycerides&rft.au=Hsu%2C+An-Fei%3BJones%2C+K%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=An-Fei&rft.date=2002-07-02&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of novel lipid compounds AN - 899160666; 15667664 AB - The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been modified successfully for production of numerous metabolites and therapeutic proteins through metabolic engineering, but has not been utilized to date for the production of lipid-derived compounds. We developed a lipid metabolic engineering strategy in S. cerevisiae based upon culturing techniques that are typically employed for studies of peroxisomal biogenesis; cells were grown in media containing fatty acids as a sole carbon source, which promotes peroxisomal proliferation and induction of enzymes associated with fatty acid beta -oxidation. Our results indicate that growth of yeast on fatty acids such as oleate results in extensive uptake of these fatty acids from the media and a subsequent increase in total cellular lipid content from 2% to 15% dry cell weight. We also show that co-expression of plant fatty acid desaturases 2 and 3 (FAD2 and FAD3), using a fatty acid-inducible peroxisomal gene promoter, coupled the processes of fatty acid uptake with the induction of a new metabolic pathway leading from oleic acid (18:1) to linolenic acid (18:3). Finally, we show that cultivation of yeast cells in the presence of triacylglycerols and exogenously supplied lipase promotes extensive incorporation of triglyceride fatty acids into yeast cells. Collectively, these results provide a framework for bioconversion of low-cost oils into value-added lipid products. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Dyer, J AU - Chapital, D AU - Kuan, J AU - Mullen, R AU - Pepperman, A AD - USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, jdyer@nola.srrc.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 224 EP - 230 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 59 IS - 2-3 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Linolenic acid KW - Oils KW - Enzymes KW - metabolic engineering KW - Metabolites KW - Carbon sources KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Lipid metabolism KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Promoters KW - Triglycerides KW - bioconversion KW - Fatty acids KW - Metabolic pathways KW - Cell proliferation KW - desaturase KW - Oleic acid KW - Media (culture) KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899160666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Metabolic+engineering+of+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+for+production+of+novel+lipid+compounds&rft.au=Dyer%2C+J%3BChapital%2C+D%3BKuan%2C+J%3BMullen%2C+R%3BPepperman%2C+A&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-002-0997-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Linolenic acid; Oils; metabolic engineering; Enzymes; Metabolites; Carbon sources; Lipid metabolism; Promoters; Triacylglycerol lipase; Triglycerides; bioconversion; Metabolic pathways; Fatty acids; desaturase; Cell proliferation; Oleic acid; Media (culture); Saccharomyces cerevisiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-0997-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stunted growth and mortality associated with sodium deficiency. AN - 72112000; 12243544 AB - We investigated reports of stunted growth and high mortality occurring among young poultry in 38 small privately owned flocks in Vermont and New Hampshire. Tests for infectious agents including avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses were negative, as were toxicologic tests for mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticides, and monensin in feed samples. Analysis of 6 samples of implicated feed revealed 330-870 ppm of sodium (median level 350 ppm), whereas the recommended minimum level for chick feed is 1200-2000 ppm. A case-control study included 38 affected and 23 unaffected flocks. Statistical analysis showed that affected flocks were 29 times more likely to have consumed a particular brand of poultry feed (odds ratio = 29.2, 95% confidence interval = 3.2-675.8) but did not show any association between clinical signs and hatchery, location of chick purchase, chick purchase date, or years of producer experience. JF - Avian diseases AU - Brady, Robert C AU - Trock, Susan C AU - Jones, Carroll J AU - Ross, P Frank AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Sutton, MA 01590, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 740 EP - 744 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Animals KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Odds Ratio KW - New Hampshire -- epidemiology KW - Food Analysis KW - Vermont -- epidemiology KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Growth Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Growth Disorders -- veterinary KW - Animal Feed -- adverse effects KW - Sodium -- deficiency KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Nutrition Disorders -- mortality KW - Chickens KW - Nutrition Disorders -- etiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- mortality KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Growth Disorders -- mortality KW - Poultry Diseases -- etiology KW - Growth Disorders -- etiology KW - Nutrition Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Nutrition Disorders -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72112000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Stunted+growth+and+mortality+associated+with+sodium+deficiency.&rft.au=Brady%2C+Robert+C%3BTrock%2C+Susan+C%3BJones%2C+Carroll+J%3BRoss%2C+P+Frank&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=740&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioactivation of the fungal phytotoxin 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol by glycolytic enzymes is an essential component of its mechanism of action. AN - 72106772; 12240991 AB - An isolate of Fusarium solani, NRRL 18883, produces the natural phytotoxin 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (AhG). This fungal metabolite inhibited the growth of roots (150 of 1.6 mM), but it did not have any in vitro inhibitory activity. The mechanism of action of AhG requires enzymatic phosphorylation by plant glycolytic kinases to yield AhG-1,6-bisphosphate (AhG-1,6-bisP), an inhibitor of Fru-1,6-bisP aldolase. AhG-1,6-bisP had an I50 value of 570 microM on aldolase activity, and it competed with Fru-1,6-bisP for the catalytic site on the enzyme, with a Ki value of 103 microm. The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon of Fru-1,6-bisP is required for the formation of an essential covalent bond to zeta amino functionality of lysine 225. The absence of this hydroxyl group on AhG-1,6-bisP prevents the normal catalytic function of aldolase. Nonetheless, modeling of the binding of AhG-1,6-bisP to the catalytic pocket shows that the inhibitor interacts with the amino acid residues of the binding site in a manner similar to that of Fru-1,6-bisP. The ability of F. solani to produce a fructose analog that is bioactivated by enzymes of the host plant in order to inhibit a major metabolic pathway illustrates the intricate biochemical processes involved in plant-pathogen interactions. JF - Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences AU - Dayan, Franck E AU - Rimando, Agnes M AU - Tellez, Mario R AU - Scheffler, Brian E AU - Roy, Thibaut AU - Abbas, Hamed K AU - Duke, Stephen O AD - USDA-ARS Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS 38677, USA. fdayan@ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 645 EP - 653 VL - 57 IS - 7-8 SN - 0939-5075, 0939-5075 KW - 2,5-anhydroglucitol KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Deoxyglucose KW - 9G2MP84A8W KW - Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase KW - EC 4.1.2.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spinacia oleracea -- enzymology KW - Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Plant Roots -- drug effects KW - Phosphorylation KW - Biotransformation KW - Kinetics KW - Plant Roots -- growth & development KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Plants -- enzymology KW - Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase -- chemistry KW - Protein Conformation KW - Binding Sites KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Deoxyglucose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Glycolysis KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Deoxyglucose -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72106772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+fur+Naturforschung.+C%2C+Journal+of+biosciences&rft.atitle=Bioactivation+of+the+fungal+phytotoxin+2%2C5-anhydro-D-glucitol+by+glycolytic+enzymes+is+an+essential+component+of+its+mechanism+of+action.&rft.au=Dayan%2C+Franck+E%3BRimando%2C+Agnes+M%3BTellez%2C+Mario+R%3BScheffler%2C+Brian+E%3BRoy%2C+Thibaut%3BAbbas%2C+Hamed+K%3BDuke%2C+Stephen+O&rft.aulast=Dayan&rft.aufirst=Franck&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zeitschrift+fur+Naturforschung.+C%2C+Journal+of+biosciences&rft.issn=09395075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineral deficiency and the use of the FETAX bioassay to study environmental teratogens. AN - 72057762; 12210540 AB - The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX) bioassay has been employed extensively to screen compounds for teratogenic activity. Recent laboratory studies have indicated that low potassium concentrations retard Xenopus laevis development. The effects of varying concentrations of minerals on Xenopus laevis embryo length and development were examined to determine the utility of the FETAX bioassay in the study of environmental teratogens. Water samples collected from 18 wetlands in Minnesota and North Dakota correlated with low mineral levels, causing delayed embryonic development in the FETAX bioassay. When the concentration of sodium or potassium was or =2 ppm, extension of the FETAX bioassay to 120 h allowed organogenesis to proceed through stage 46, as required for scoring in accordance with ASTM guidelines for the FETAX bioassay. In those cases in which the concentration of sodium and/or potassium were <2 ppm, the embryos could not develop to stage 46 within 120 h and the FETAX bioassay was not suitable for detecting teratogenic activity. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT AU - Garber, Eric A E AD - USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58105, USA. garbere@hotmail.com PY - 2002 SP - 237 EP - 240 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - Minerals KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Index Medicus KW - Embryonic Development KW - Animals KW - Minnesota KW - Drug Interactions KW - Endpoint Determination KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Sodium -- deficiency KW - Sodium -- pharmacology KW - Xenopus laevis KW - North Dakota KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - Potassium Deficiency KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Potassium -- pharmacology KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian -- abnormalities KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Minerals -- pharmacology KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian -- drug effects KW - Minerals -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72057762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.atitle=Mineral+deficiency+and+the+use+of+the+FETAX+bioassay+to+study+environmental+teratogens.&rft.au=Garber%2C+Eric+A+E&rft.aulast=Garber&rft.aufirst=Eric+A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous quantitation of Aspergillus flavus/A. parasiticus and aflatoxins in peanuts. AN - 71990242; 12180687 AB - A method was developed for simultaneous quantitation of Aspergillus flavus/A. parasiticus and aflatoxins in peanuts. Peanut samples were ground with an equal weight of water in a vertical cutter mixer to produce a slurry. Separate subsamples were taken for dilution-plating to determine total colony forming units (CFU)/g of A. flavus/A. parasiticus and for liquid chromatographic analysis to determine aflatoxin concentrations. Dry-grinding peanuts for homogenization of aflatoxins produced high temperatures that killed most of the A. flavus/A. parasiticus propagules. Addition of water to produce a slurry kept the temperature from rising above levels that killed the fungi. A 7 min grind time provided optimal homogenization for both the fungi and aflatoxins, so long as the temperature of the slurry did not exceed 45 degrees C. In the analysis of 60 shelled peanut samples, total aflatoxin concentrations ranged from 0 to 10,000 ng/g and total A. flavus/A. parasiticus ranged from 1.4 x 10(3) to 3.2 x 10(6) CFU/g. Regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.0001) between the quantities of A. flavus/A. parasiticus and aflatoxin (R2 = 0.82). JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Dorner, Joe W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 31742, USA. jdorner@nprl.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 911 EP - 916 VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- methods KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical KW - Temperature KW - Aspergillus flavus -- isolation & purification KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Arachis -- chemistry KW - Food Microbiology KW - Arachis -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus -- isolation & purification KW - Food Contamination -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71990242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+quantitation+of+Aspergillus+flavus%2FA.+parasiticus+and+aflatoxins+in+peanuts.&rft.au=Dorner%2C+Joe+W&rft.aulast=Dorner&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=911&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin D metabolites in an experimental model of turkey osteomyelitis complex. AN - 71989228; 12162356 AB - Supplementation with vitamin D3 was previously shown to protect Escherichia coli challenged birds that underwent two dexamethasone (DEX) treatments at 5 and 12 wk of age in an experimental model of turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with 10 microg of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D)/ kg feed or 99 microg of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D)/kg feed on disease resistance in the same model. Birds were fed the supplemented diets continuously and ad libitum. Seven hundred twenty turkey poults were placed into 24 floor pens in a 3 x 2 x 2 design (three vitamin D treatments, two DEX treatments, two E. coli treatments, with two replicate pens per treatment). At 5 wk of age, half of the birds were treated with DEX, and half of the DEX-treated birds and half of the nontreated birds were challenged with E. coli. All mortalities and lame birds were necropsied. At 9 wk, all of the DEX- or E. coli-treated birds were given another series of DEX injections; 2 wk later 10 birds per pen were necropsied. At 12 wk, survivors of the previous challenges were given a third DEX treatment, and all birds were necropsied 2 wk later. After the first series of DEX injections, mortality was increased in the 25D-supplemented birds that were given the DEX treatment and the E. coli challenge. After the second series of DEX injections, the main effect mean BW was significantly lower in birds given 1,25D as compared to controls and 25D-supplemented birds. Mortality was higher in 1,25D-supplemented birds that were challenged with E. coli at 5 wk and treated with DEX at 9 wk as compared to 25D-supplemented birds. The 1,25D-treated birds that were treated with DEX at 5 and 9 wk and challenged with E. coli at 5 wk had higher mortality and air sacculitis scores as compared to controls and 25D-treated birds. The main effect mean mortality was significantly higher in birds given 1,25D as compared to controls and 25D-treated birds. The percentage of birds with TOC lesions was decreased from 27% to 0 by 25D and 1,25D in the groups given two DEX treatments and E. coli challenge. After the third DEX treatment, BW of 1,25D-suppplemented birds was decreased, and mortality and air sacculitis scores were increased. Bone strength was generally increased by supplementation with 1,25D, whereas 25D supplementation increased bone strength only in birds challenged at 5 wk and treated with DEX at Weeks 9 and 12. In this study, supplementation with vitamin D metabolites decreased TOC incidence in E. coli-challenged birds given two DEX treatments. However, toxic effects were observed in most supplemented DEX-treated birds and may be attributed to an additive effect of DEX treatment, E. coli septicemia, and vitamin D supplementation. JF - Poultry science AU - Huff, G R AU - Huff, W E AU - Balog, J M AU - Rath, N C AU - Xie, H AU - Horst, R L AD - Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA. grhuff@uark.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 958 EP - 965 VL - 81 IS - 7 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Glucocorticoids KW - 0 KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Calcitriol KW - FXC9231JVH KW - Calcifediol KW - P6YZ13C99Q KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Escherichia coli Infections KW - Glucocorticoids -- administration & dosage KW - Dexamethasone -- administration & dosage KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Male KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Osteomyelitis -- prevention & control KW - Osteomyelitis -- etiology KW - Turkeys KW - Osteomyelitis -- veterinary KW - Poultry Diseases -- etiology KW - Calcitriol -- administration & dosage KW - Calcifediol -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71989228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+dietary+supplementation+with+vitamin+D+metabolites+in+an+experimental+model+of+turkey+osteomyelitis+complex.&rft.au=Huff%2C+G+R%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BBalog%2C+J+M%3BRath%2C+N+C%3BXie%2C+H%3BHorst%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=958&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of soil test phosphorus and sampling depth to runoff phosphorus in calcareous and noncalcareous soils. AN - 71985192; 12175059 AB - A study was initiated to investigate the relationship between soil test P and depth of soil sampling with runoff losses of dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorus (DMRP). Rainfall simulations were conducted on two noncalcareous soils, a Windthorst sandy loam (fine, mixed, thermic Udic Paleustalf) and a Blanket clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Pachic Argiustoll), and two calcareous soils, a Purves clay (clayey, smectitic, thermic Lithic Calciustoll) and a Houston Black clay (fine, smectitic, thermic Udic Haplustert). Soil (0- to 2.5-, 0- to 5-, and 0- to 15-cm depths) and runoff samples were collected from each of the four soils in permanent pasture exhibiting a wide range in soil test P levels (as determined by Mehlich III and distilled water extraction) due to prior manure applications. Simulated rain was used to produce runoff, which was collected for 30 min. Good regression equations were derived relating soil test P level to runoff DMRP for all four soil types, as indicated by relatively high r2 values (0.715 to 0.961, 0- to 5-cm depth). Differences were observed for the depth of sampling, with the most consistent results observed with the 0- to 5-cm sampling depth. Runoff DMRP losses as a function of the concentration of P in soil were lower in calcareous soils (maximum of 0.74 mg L(-1)) compared with noncalcareous soils (maximum of 1.73 mg L(-1)). The results indicate that a soil test for environmental P could be developed, but it would require establishing different soil test P level criteria for different soils or classes of soils. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Torbert, H A AU - Daniel, T C AU - Lemunyon, J L AU - Jones, R M AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Auburn, AL 36832-5806, USA. atorbert@ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1380 EP - 1387 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Soil KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Regression Analysis KW - Rain KW - Calcium -- chemistry KW - Water Movements KW - Phosphorus -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71985192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+soil+test+phosphorus+and+sampling+depth+to+runoff+phosphorus+in+calcareous+and+noncalcareous+soils.&rft.au=Torbert%2C+H+A%3BDaniel%2C+T+C%3BLemunyon%2C+J+L%3BJones%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Torbert&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A case report of sporadic ovine listerial menigoencephalitis in Iowa with an overview of livestock and human cases. AN - 71970882; 12152811 AB - A case of ovine listeriosis was examined in a flock of sheep. The index case was a male lamb, which was part of a flock of 85 sheep located in central Iowa. Because the sheep were raised on a premise where soybean sprouts were also cultivated for the organic foods market, the potential of a public health concern was addressed. To identify the source of contaminations, clinical and environmental samples were cultured for Listeria monocytogenes. Isolates were serotyped and analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Listeria monocytogenes (serotype 1) was recovered from the brain of a male lamb with clinical signs of listerial encephalitis. Isolates of serotypes 1 and 4 were also cultured from feces of clinically healthy lambs, compost piles, and soybean cleanings. By PFGE, the clinical isolate was distinctly different from the other isolates. Environmental isolates were identified as L. monocytogenes serotypes 1 and 4. However, by PFGE, none matched the profile of the single clinical isolate. Thus, the ultimate source of contamination is unknown. JF - Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc AU - Wesley, Irene V AU - Larson, David J AU - Harmon, Karen M AU - Luchansky, John B AU - Schwartz, Ann Ramos AD - Pre-Harvest Food Safety and Enteric Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 314 EP - 321 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1040-6387, 1040-6387 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Sheep KW - Humans KW - Feces -- virology KW - Serotyping KW - Brain -- virology KW - Iowa KW - Male KW - Meningitis, Listeria -- veterinary KW - Meningitis, Listeria -- pathology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Meningitis, Listeria -- transmission KW - Sheep Diseases -- transmission KW - Sheep Diseases -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71970882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.atitle=A+case+report+of+sporadic+ovine+listerial+menigoencephalitis+in+Iowa+with+an+overview+of+livestock+and+human+cases.&rft.au=Wesley%2C+Irene+V%3BLarson%2C+David+J%3BHarmon%2C+Karen+M%3BLuchansky%2C+John+B%3BSchwartz%2C+Ann+Ramos&rft.aulast=Wesley&rft.aufirst=Irene&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+diagnostic+investigation+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+Association+of+Veterinary+Laboratory+Diagnosticians%2C+Inc&rft.issn=10406387&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modification of the food and agriculture organization larval packet test to measure amitraz-susceptibility against ixodidae. AN - 71957720; 12144297 AB - Modifications of exposure time, substrate, and formulation were made to the Food and Agriculture Organization Larval Packet Test (LPT) to determine a combination suitable for measuring the susceptibility of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) to amitraz. Exposure time influenced the slope of the dose-response when paper was used as a substrate for amitraz. However, time did not influence the dose-response slope when nylon fabric was used as an amitraz substrate. Formulated amitraz produced results with less deviation from the log-probit model than technical amitraz. The combination of formulated amitraz and nylon fabric as a substrate for amitraz produced results that best fit the log-probit model. The modified FAO procedure (formulated amitraz/nylon substrate combination) was used to assay a Brazilian strain of B. microplus and a Panamanian strain of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille). Resistance ratios (95% CI) of 26.3 (25.7-26.9) and 7.3 (5.5-9.9) were calculated for the B. microplus and R. sanguineus strains, respectively. A discriminating dose of 0.03% amitraz was determined for B. microplus. This technique will help to locate amitraz resistant tick populations, provide data for improved control practices, and aid in the discovery of resistance mechanisms through synergist studies and verification of molecular techniques. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Miller, Robert J AU - Davey, Ronald B AU - George, John E AD - USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. robert.miller@ndvecc.navy.mil Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 645 EP - 651 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Toluidines KW - amitraz KW - 33IAH5017S KW - Index Medicus KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Animals KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Larva KW - United Nations KW - Toluidines -- pharmacology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Ixodidae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71957720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Modification+of+the+food+and+agriculture+organization+larval+packet+test+to+measure+amitraz-susceptibility+against+ixodidae.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Robert+J%3BDavey%2C+Ronald+B%3BGeorge%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calcium oxalate crystal morphology mutants from Medicago truncatula. AN - 71889896; 12111218 AB - Plants accumulate crystals of calcium oxalate in a variety of shapes and sizes. The mechanism(s) through which a plant defines the morphology of its crystals remains unknown. To gain insight into the mechanisms regulating crystal shapes, we conducted a mutant screen to identify the genetic determinants. This is the first reported mutant screen dedicated to the identification of crystal morphology mutants. A single leaf was harvested from individual Medicago truncatula L. plants that had been chemically mutagenized. Each leaf was visually inspected, using crossed-polarized light microscopy, for alterations in crystal shape and size. Seven different crystal morphology defective ( cmd) mutants were identified. Six cmd mutants were recessive and one dominant. Genetic analysis of the six recessive mutants suggested that each mutant was affected at a different locus. Each cmd mutant represents a new locus different than any previously identified. The plant phenotype of the cmd mutants appeared similar to that of the wild type in overall growth and development. This observation, coupled with the finding that several of the mutants had drastically altered the amount of calcium they partition into the oxalate crystal, questions current hypotheses regarding crystal function. Comparisons between the mutant crystals and those present in other legumes indicated the likelihood that simple point mutations contributed to the evolution of the variations in prismatic crystal shapes commonly observed in these plants today. The availability of cmd mutants provides the opportunity to investigate aspects of crystal shape and size that have been recalcitrant to previous approaches. JF - Planta AU - McConn, Michele M AU - Nakata, Paul A AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 380 EP - 386 VL - 215 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0935, 0032-0935 KW - Calcium Oxalate KW - 2612HC57YE KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Leaves -- ultrastructure KW - Plant Leaves -- physiology KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Mutagenesis KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Calcium Oxalate -- chemistry KW - Calcium Oxalate -- metabolism KW - Medicago -- genetics KW - Medicago -- chemistry KW - Medicago -- ultrastructure KW - Calcium Oxalate -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71889896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Planta&rft.atitle=Calcium+oxalate+crystal+morphology+mutants+from+Medicago+truncatula.&rft.au=McConn%2C+Michele+M%3BNakata%2C+Paul+A&rft.aulast=McConn&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=215&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Planta&rft.issn=00320935&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Security: Metaphor for the Millennium AN - 60676044; 200505455 AB - Examines environmental security & human security & their roles during the 20th century & into the 21st. Issues of environmental security, wars, & uneasy peace are interwoven, & the case of forest ecosystem health & composition illuminates the relationship between environment & human security. Conclusions are drawn concerning the potential of contemporary regional environmental efforts. L. Collins Leigh JF - Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations AU - Klubnikin, Kheryn AU - Causey, Douglas AD - USDA Forest Service Research & Development, Washington, DC Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 104 EP - 133 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1538-6589, 1538-6589 KW - Security KW - War KW - Environmental Degradation KW - Environmental Protection KW - Peace KW - Twentieth Century KW - Forestry KW - article KW - 9063: international relations; international relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60676044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seton+Hall+Journal+of+Diplomacy+and+International+Relations&rft.atitle=Environmental+Security%3A+Metaphor+for+the+Millennium&rft.au=Klubnikin%2C+Kheryn%3BCausey%2C+Douglas&rft.aulast=Klubnikin&rft.aufirst=Kheryn&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=104&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Seton+Hall+Journal+of+Diplomacy+and+International+Relations&rft.issn=15386589&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Twentieth Century; Environmental Degradation; Forestry; Environmental Protection; Security; War; Peace ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering AN - 52038402; 2003-004984 JF - Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering AU - Hanson, Gregory J AU - Simon, Andrew AU - Briaud, J L AU - Ting, F C K AU - Chen, H C AU - Cao, Y AU - Han, S W AU - Kwak, K W Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 627 EP - 628 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY VL - 128 IS - 7 SN - 1090-0241, 1090-0241 KW - soils KW - scour KW - methods KW - critical review KW - soil mechanics KW - physical properties KW - erosion KW - jet tests KW - mechanical properties KW - instruments KW - measurement KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52038402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geotechnical+and+Geoenvironmental+Engineering&rft.atitle=Journal+of+Geotechnical+and+Geoenvironmental+Engineering&rft.au=Hanson%2C+Gregory+J%3BSimon%2C+Andrew%3BBriaud%2C+J+L%3BTing%2C+F+C+K%3BChen%2C+H+C%3BCao%2C+Y%3BHan%2C+S+W%3BKwak%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://scitation.aip.org/gto LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 7 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - For reference to original see Briaud, J. L., et al., Jour. Geotech. Geoenvir. Engin., Vol. 127, p. 105-113, 2001 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - JGENDZ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - critical review; erosion; instruments; jet tests; measurement; mechanical properties; methods; physical properties; scour; soil mechanics; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small Commercial Banks and the Federal Home Loan Bank System AN - 21097922; 11224618 AB - Increased competition within the financial services industry has raised concerns about the ability of small banks to adequately fund local rural development. To address these concerns, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 broadened small-bank access to Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) financing. Statistical analyses indicate that the following factors were significantly associated with the decisions of small banks headquartered in nonmetropolitan counties to obtain FHLB membership: bank size, affiliation with a bank holding company, exposure to interest rate risk, loan portfolio quality, liquidity pressure, dividend rates on FHLB stock, and binding membership requirements related to residential real estate-related assets. Many, but not all, of these factors were also significantly associated with the membership decisions of small banks headquartered in metropolitan counties. The decisions of both nonmetropolitan and metropolitan banks to use FHLB funding is significantly related to interest rate risk exposure, liquidity pressure, and net interest margins. Neither population trend nor rural county type variables are consistently significant in explaining either which small banks join FHLBs or which member banks borrow from FHLBs. JF - International Regional Science Review AU - Collender, Robert N AU - Frizell, Julie A AD - Rural Business and Development Policy Branch, Food and Rural Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 279 EP - 303 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0160-0176, 0160-0176 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - loans KW - financing KW - funds KW - rural development KW - Reviews KW - portfolios KW - service industries KW - interest rates KW - competition KW - Rural areas KW - R2 23070:Economics, organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21097922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Regional+Science+Review&rft.atitle=Small+Commercial+Banks+and+the+Federal+Home+Loan+Bank+System&rft.au=Collender%2C+Robert+N%3BFrizell%2C+Julie+A&rft.aulast=Collender&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Regional+Science+Review&rft.issn=01600176&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F016176025003004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - loans; financing; rural development; funds; Reviews; portfolios; service industries; Rural areas; competition; interest rates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016176025003004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicide effects of essential oils AN - 20218399; 5974346 AB - Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the herbicidal effect of plant-derived oils and to identify the active ingredient in an oil with herbicide activity. Twenty-five different oils were applied to detached leaves of dandelion in the laboratory. Essential oils (1%, v/v) from red thyme, summer savory, cinnamon, and clove were the most phytotoxic and caused electrolyte leakage resulting in cell death. Each of these essential oils in aqueous concentrations from 5 to 10% (v/v) plus two adjuvants (nonionic surfactant and paraffinic oil blend at 0.2% [v/v]) were applied to shoots of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and johnsongrass in the greenhouse; shoot death occurred within 1 h to 1 d after application. Essential oil of cinnamon had high herbicidal activity, and eugenol (2-methoxy-4-[2-propenyl]phenol) was determined to be this oil's major component (84%, v/v). Dandelion leaf disk and whole-plant assays verified that eugenol was the active ingredient in the essential oil of cinnamon. Essential oils are extracted from plants and thus may be useful as 'natural product herbicidesa for organic farming systems. Nomenclature: Cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum; clove, Syzgium aromaticum; red thyme, Thymus vulgaris; summer savory, Satureja hortensis; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEAL; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. AMBEL; dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers TAROF; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. SORHA. JF - Weed Science AU - Tworkoski, T AD - Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA, ARS, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, ttworkos@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 425 EP - 431 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Satureja hortensis KW - Ambrosia artemisiifolia KW - Sustainable development KW - Taraxacum officinale KW - Oil KW - Eugenia KW - greenhouses KW - shoots KW - essential oils KW - Thymus vulgaris KW - Chenopodium album KW - Cinnamomum zeylanicum KW - Mortality KW - Leakage KW - Laboratory testing KW - Sorghum halepense KW - Thymus KW - electrolytes KW - Herbicides KW - Organic farming KW - summer KW - Phytotoxicity KW - weeds KW - Surfactants KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20218399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Herbicide+effects+of+essential+oils&rft.au=Tworkoski%2C+T&rft.aulast=Tworkoski&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282002%290502.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-1745&volume=50&page=425 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thymus; Eugenia; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Taraxacum officinale; Sorghum halepense; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Chenopodium album; Satureja hortensis; Thymus vulgaris; Oil; essential oils; shoots; summer; Mortality; Herbicides; greenhouses; Organic farming; weeds; electrolytes; Surfactants; Leakage; Laboratory testing; Phytotoxicity; Sustainable development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2002)050<0425:HEOEO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Population Projections in Environmental Management AN - 19937074; 5854033 AB - California and other regions in the United States are becoming more populated and ethnically diverse, and thus, ecological impacts on the wildland-urban interface are a significant policy concern. In a socioeconomic assessment focused on the geographic regions surrounding four national forests in southern California, population projections are being formulated to assist in the update of forest plans. In southern California, the projected trend of explosive population growth combined with increased ethnic and racial diversity indicates four challenges for environmental management. First, patterns of recreation use on wildlands are likely to change, and management of these areas will have to address new needs. Second, as land-management agencies face changing constituencies, new methods of soliciting public involvement from ethnic and racial groups will be necessary. Third, growth in the region is likely to encroach upon wildland areas, affecting water, air, open space, and endangered species. Fourth, in order to address all these concerns in a climate of declining budgets, resource management agencies need to strengthen collaborative relationships with other agencies in the region. How environmental managers approach these changes has widespread implications for the ecological sustainability of forests in southern California. JF - Environmental Management AU - Struglia, R AU - Winter, P L AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, California 92507, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 13 EP - 23 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Population estimates KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Human Population KW - Resource management KW - Recreation sites KW - Population growth KW - Socioeconomics KW - Forests KW - Government policy KW - Sustainable development KW - Population dynamics KW - Environmental policy KW - environmental policy KW - Land use KW - Human impact KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - Recreation KW - Regional planning KW - USA, California KW - Environment management KW - USA, California, South KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M1 130:Population Research and Methodology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19937074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Population+Projections+in+Environmental+Management&rft.au=Struglia%2C+R%3BWinter%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Struglia&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-001-0068-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Recreation sites; Population growth; Sustainable development; Government policy; Forests; Population dynamics; Environmental policy; Land use; Human impact; Socio-economic aspects; Recreation; Environment management; Socioeconomics; Regional planning; environmental policy; USA, California; USA, California, South DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-001-0068-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental challenges associated with needed increases in global nitrogen fixation AN - 19645168; 5541243 AB - Human-induced input of fixed nitrogen (N) into the earth biosphere, primarily through combustion of fossil fuels, crop biological N-fixation and N-fertilizer use, has provided many human benefits. These benefits have not come, however, without significant cost. According to data compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, synthetic N fertilizer input into global agricultural systems increased from by approximately 430% ( similar to 19 to similar to 82 Tg N) from 1965 to 1998. During this period, global grain production, human population and global fossil fuel consumption increased about 250%, 190% and 240%, respectively. Although fuel consumption increased faster than population growth globally, land used to produce grain decreased from 0.2 to 0.12 ha/person over this 30-yr period. Grain production, however, increased 16%/person. Agricultural production increase has come through the use of new crop varieties which respond to increased N-fertilization, pesticide use, irrigation and mechanization. Even though agricultural production has increased dramatically, fertilizer N use efficiency remains relatively low. Globally fertilizer N use efficiency was approximately 50% in 1996. Since fertilizer N is not used efficiently in most parts of the world, N use in excess of crop potential utilization leads to losses to the environment through volatilization and leaching. These N losses result in N fertilization of pristine terrestrial and aquatic systems through NH sub(x) and NO sub(y)deposition and contribute to global greenhouse gases through N sub(2)O production and local elevated ozone concentrations due to NO sub(x) emission. Inefficient use of N and energy is exacerbated by the global inequity of use distribution. Some areas don't have enough while others use too much. Additionally, dietary patterns of food consumption which tend to be more inefficient, i.e. cereal-based diets compared to animal-based diets, are changing in global terms. The resulting increasing inefficiencies in N utilization in food production and in energy use lead to large-scale input of N into down wind and down stream terrestrial and aquatic systems. Increasing N-use-efficiency remains a clear goal by which to maintain food production while decreasing excessive N use and unwanted distribution in the environment. JF - Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems AU - Mosier, A R AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box E, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, amosier@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 101 EP - 116 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 63 IS - 2-3 SN - 1385-1314, 1385-1314 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Leaching KW - Fossil fuels KW - Agricultural production KW - Irrigation KW - agriculture KW - Energy consumption KW - Agrochemicals KW - Aquatic environment KW - Crops KW - Combustion KW - Fertilizers KW - fertilization KW - Wind energy KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - population growth KW - Pesticides KW - mechanization KW - United Nations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19645168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrient+Cycling+in+Agroecosystems&rft.atitle=Environmental+challenges+associated+with+needed+increases+in+global+nitrogen+fixation&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrient+Cycling+in+Agroecosystems&rft.issn=13851314&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Leaching; Fossil fuels; Agricultural production; Irrigation; agriculture; Energy consumption; Agrochemicals; Crops; Aquatic environment; Combustion; Fertilizers; fertilization; Nitrogen fixation; Wind energy; population growth; Pesticides; mechanization; United Nations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GROWING RICE GRAIN WITH CONTROLLED CADMIUM CONCENTRATIONS AN - 19307616; 8502228 AB - Two solution studies were conducted a) to investigate the uptake of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) by rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) and interaction between these elements, and b) to determine experimental conditions for growing rice grain with desired Cd concentration for an animal feeding study. In both studies, free metal activities of cadmium and cationic microelements were buffered by an excess of chelating agents. The first study was a factorial design with two Zn levels (1.0 and 3.89 A is a subset of M) and four Cd levels (0.81, 1.44, 2.56 and 4.55 A is a subset of M) in the solution. In the second study, rice was grown in two solutions of different micro- and macro-element compositions and three Cd levels (0.,0.5, and 2.0 A is a subset of M). In the first study, solution Zn concentration of 3.89 A is a subset of M and corresponding free metal activity (pZn2+) of 6.00 was toxic to young rice plants. With time, Zn concentrations in rice plants decreased while Cd concentrations increased. Toxic concentration of Cd in roots (about 100 mg kg-1) associated with a 20% reduction in the root dry matter occurred at the free Cd2+ activities in the solution (pCd2+) in the range of 10.25-9.75. Sufficient Zn level in plants slightly stimulated Cd transfer from roots to shoots as opposed to barely sufficient or slightly deficient Zn concentration in shoots. However, the better Zn status in plants clearly diminished severity of Cd toxicity symptoms in shoots. The use of nutrient solutions adapted for rice growth allowed the rice grown in the second experiment to produce grain under controlled conditions. Cadmium in the brown rice grain was 0.1 to 0.8 mg kg-1, covering the range needed for feeding experiments relevant to rice Cd risk to humans. Composition of the nutrient solutions, in addition to solution Cd level, had a significant effect on Cd concentration in grain. Correlation of grain Cd concentration with solution Cd2+ activity was much stronger than with total solution Cd. Results of both experiments supported hypothesis that Cd uptake and transport within rice plants is an active process. JF - Journal of Plant Nutrition AU - Kukier, Urszula AU - Chaney, Rufus L AD - USDA-ARS, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 1793 EP - 1820 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk] VL - 25 IS - 8 SN - 0190-4167, 0190-4167 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Metals KW - Symptoms KW - Heavy metals KW - Oryza sativa KW - dry matter KW - Pollution effects KW - Roots KW - Toxicity KW - Cations KW - Zinc KW - shoots KW - Uptake KW - Feeding experiments KW - Cadmium KW - plant nutrition KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19307616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.atitle=GROWING+RICE+GRAIN+WITH+CONTROLLED+CADMIUM+CONCENTRATIONS&rft.au=Kukier%2C+Urszula%3BChaney%2C+Rufus+L&rft.aulast=Kukier&rft.aufirst=Urszula&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1793&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.issn=01904167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FPLN-120006058 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Symptoms; Cations; Heavy metals; Roots; Feeding experiments; Uptake; Pollution effects; Cadmium; Toxicity; Metals; Zinc; shoots; dry matter; plant nutrition; Oryza sativa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120006058 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Semen Samples of Commercial Broiler Breeder Roosters AN - 19288236; 5655822 AB - Pooled semen samples from 12 groups of mature commercial broiler breeder roosters were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter. Each of the 12 groups was comprised of eight individuals and was sampled weekly for five consecutive weeks. Once a day, roosters were allowed to have a restricted amount of feed after the semen samples were collected by abdominal massage. This feeding schedule reduced the amount of fecal contamination in and around the vent as well as in the semen sample. For replications 1, 2, and 3, the numbers of Campylobacter-positive groups were 8, 5, and 5, respectively, out of 12. For replications 4 and 5, 6 of 8 and 6 of 11 groups were positive, respectively. Only two groups were positive for Campylobacter at all sampling times, two groups were negative each time, and eight groups produced variable results. Also, fecal droppings, external swabs of the genitalia, and semen samples were taken from individual roosters between 49 to 65 wk of age. Of the total 275 semen samples collected, 9.47% contained naturally occurring Campylobacter, whereas 9.6% of 114 fecal droppings and 7.9% of the 114 genital swabs were positive. Levels of the organism present in the fecal samples ranged from 1.0 to 4.2 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g with an average of 2.9 log CFU/g feces. For semen, the levels ranged from as low as enrichment recovery only to as high as 3.1 log CFU/ml of semen with an average of 1.2 log CFU/ml. For swabs of genitalia, the levels of Campylobacter were so low that recovery was achieved only through enrichment. These data suggest that rooster semen may serve as a vehicle for transmission of Campylobacter to the reproductive tract of the hen and subsequently to the fertile egg.Original Abstract: Nota de investigacion -Aislamiento de Campylobacter spp a partir de muestras de semen de machos reproductores de engorde comerciales. capital sigma e analizaron muestras de semen combinadas obtenidas de 12 grupos de machos reproductores de engorde adultos para la presencia de Campylobacter. Cada uno de los 12 grupos tenia 8 aves, de las cuales se tomaron muestras semanales durante un periodo de 5 semanas. Las aves fueron alimentadas una vez por dia con cantidades restringidas de alimento, despues de haberse tomado la muestra de semen mediante masaje abdominal. Este regimen alimenticio disminuyo la contaminacion fecal alrededor de la cloaca y en las muestras de semen obtenidas. En las replicas experimentales 1, 2 y 3, el numero de muestras positivas a la presencia de Campylobacter fue 8, 5 y 5 de 12, respectivamente. En las replicas experimentales 4 y 5, el numero de muestras positivas fue 8 y 6 de 11, respectivamente. Solo dos de los grupos fueron positivos a la presencia de Campylobacter en todas las muestras tomadas en el periodo de 5 semanas, dos de los grupos fueron resultaron en todas las muestras tomadas, mientras que los ocho grupos restantes produjeron negativos variados. Tambien se tomaron muestras de heces, hisopos de genitales externos y semen, a partir de gallos entre las 49 y 65 semanas de edad. De un total de 275 muestras de semen tomadas, 9.47% fueron positivas a la presencia de Campylobacter, mientras que un 9.6% de las 144 muestras de heces y 7.9% de 114 hisopos de genitales externos fueron positivos a la presencia del microorganismo. Los niveles de la bacteria en las muestras de heces variaron de un 1.0 a 4.2 logaritmos de unidades formadoras de colonia (UFC) por gramo de muestra, para un promedio de 2.9 logaritmos de UFC por gramo. En las muestras de semen lo niveles variaron desde recuperacion del microorganismo mediante cultivo de enriquecimiento solamente hasta 3.1 logaritmos de UFC por mililitro de muestra, para un promedio de 1.2 logaritmos de UFC por mililitro. En los hisopos de genitales los niveles de Campylobacter fueron tan bajos que el aislamiento del microorganismo solo fue posible mediante enriquecimiento del cultivo. Estos datos sugieren que el semen de los gallos puede servir como vehiculo para la transmision del Campylobacter al tracto reproductor de las gallinas y, subsecuentemente, a los huevos fertiles. double prime bbreviation: CFU = colony-forming units JF - Avian Diseases AU - Cox, NA AU - Stern, N J AU - Wilson, J L AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Buhr, R J AU - Hiett, K L AD - Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 717 EP - 720 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Feeding KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Contamination KW - Replication KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Campylobacter KW - Semen KW - Genitalia KW - Sampling KW - Feces KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Campylobacter+spp.+from+Semen+Samples+of+Commercial+Broiler+Breeder+Roosters&rft.au=Cox%2C+NA%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BHiett%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280717%3AIOCSFS%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feeding; Age; Data processing; Contamination; Replication; Colony-forming cells; Genitalia; Semen; Sampling; Feces; Campylobacter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0717:IOCSFS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a New Source of Campylobacter Contamination in Poultry: Transmission from Breeder Hens to Broiler Chickens AN - 19288176; 5655798 AB - Campylobacter jejuni, a foodborne pathogen closely associated with market poultry, is considered to be the most frequent agent of human gastroenteritis in the United States. The pathways involved in the contamination of poultry flocks, vertical transmission and /or horizontal transmission, are unclear. In this study, Campylobacter isolates from two independent commercial broiler breeder flocks, as well as from their respective progeny, were characterized and compared by Pst I ribotype analysis and by DNA sequence analysis of the short variable region (SVR) of the fla A gene (fla A SVR). Campylobacter isolates originating from one set of breeder hens and the feces from their respective progeny demonstrated identical ribotype patterns as well as identical fla A SVR DNA sequences, thereby suggesting that these isolates were clonal in origin. Ribotype analysis of Campylobacter isolates from the second set of breeder hens and processed carcasses from their offspring resulted in two patterns. Sequence analysis placed these isolates into two closely related groups and one distant group, similar to the ribotype analysis. These results demonstrate that Campylobacter isolates from commercial broiler breeder flocks and from the respective broiler progeny may be of clonal origin and that breeder hens can serve as a source for Campylobacter contamination in poultry flocks.Original Abstract: Identificacion de una nueva fuente de contaminacion por Campylobacter en avicultura: Transmision de las gallinas reproductoras a los pollos de engorde. eta l Campylobacter jejuni es un patogeno contaminante de los alimentos muy relacionado con la avicultura comercial y es considerado como la causa mas frecuente de gastroenteritis en humanos dentro de los Estados Unidos. Los mecanismos involucrados en la contaminacion de parvadas avicolas, sea por transmision vertical u horizontal, no han sido completamente aclarados. En este estudio, aislamientos de Campylobacter de dos parvadas de reproductoras pesadas indenpendientes entre si, asi como de sus progenies, se caracterizaron y comparararon por analisis de ribotipos PstI y por analisis de las secuencias de DNA de una region variable corta del gen flaA (flaA SVR). Los aislamientos de Campylobacter originados de un grupo de gallinas reproductoras y las excretas de su respectiva progenie demostraron patrones de ribotipos y secuencias de flaA SVR identicos, sugiriendo por lo tanto, que estos aislamientos comparten el mismo origen clonal. El analisis de ribotipos de los aislamientos de Campylobacter de un segundo grupo de reproductoras y las canales procesadas de su progenie mostraron dos patrones. Mediante analisis de secuencias estos aislamientos fueron clasificados en dos grupos cercanamente relacionados y otro mas distante pero similar por analisis de ribotipos. Estos resultados demuestran que los aislamientos de Campylobacter de reproductoras comerciales y de su respectiva progenie pueden compartir el mismo origen clonal y que las gallinas reproductoras pueden servir como fuente de contaminacion por Campylobacter en parvadas avicolas. double prime bbreviation: SVR = short variable region JF - Avian Diseases AU - Cox, NA AU - Stern, N J AU - Hiett, K L AU - Berrang, ME AD - Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 535 EP - 541 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Poultry KW - poultry KW - Contamination KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Food KW - Pathogens KW - Disease transmission KW - USA KW - Carcasses KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - gastroenteritis KW - DNA KW - Progeny KW - Feces KW - Gastroenteritis KW - offspring KW - Variable region KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+New+Source+of+Campylobacter+Contamination+in+Poultry%3A+Transmission+from+Breeder+Hens+to+Broiler+Chickens&rft.au=Cox%2C+NA%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BHiett%2C+K+L%3BBerrang%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280535%3AIOANSO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poultry; Carcasses; Contamination; Food; Nucleotide sequence; Progeny; Pathogens; Gastroenteritis; Feces; Disease transmission; Variable region; Fecal coliforms; poultry; gastroenteritis; DNA; offspring; Campylobacter jejuni; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0535:IOANSO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of Salmonella enteritidis Contamination in Eggs After Oral, Aerosol, and Intravenous Inoculation of Laying Hens AN - 19285593; 5655810 AB - Experimental infection models are useful tools for understanding how Salmonella enteritidis is deposited in eggs and for testing potential strategies to control eggborne transmission of disease to humans. Oral inoculation of laying hens is presumed to provide the closest simulation of naturally occurring infections, but alternatives such as intravenous or aerosol inoculation have sometimes been recommended as options to induce higher incidences of egg contamination. The present study compared the frequency, level, and location of S. enteritidis deposition in egg contents after experimental inoculation by three different routes. In two replicate trials, specific-pathogen-free laying hens were infected with an S. enteritidis culture mixture prepared to optimize invasive behavior. Groups of hens received either an oral dose of 109 S. enteritidis, an aerosol dose of 109 S. enteritidis, or an intravenous dose of 105-107 S. enteritidis. Oral inoculation led to the highest incidence of fecal shedding of S. enteritidis, whereas intravenous inoculation produced the highest specific antibody titers. Eggs laid during the first 21 days postinoculation were cultured to detect and enumerate S. enteritidis in the yolk and albumen. No significant differences were observed among the three inoculation routes in the frequencies of isolation of S. enteritidis from either yolk or albumen. For all three routes of administration, S. enteritidis was recovered more often from yolk (at frequencies ranging from 4% to 7%) than from albumen (0 to 2%). Over 73% of contaminated eggs harbored fewer than 1 colony-forming unit (CFU) of S. enteritidis per milliliter, and only 3% of such eggs contained more than 100 CFUs/ml. Significantly higher levels of S. enteritidis contaminants were associated with intravenous inoculation than with the other routes. No advantage of using aerosol or intravenous administration of S. enteritidis as an alternative to oral inoculation for inducing the production of contaminated eggs was evident in this study.Original Abstract: Caracteristicas de la contaminacion por Salmonela enteriditis en huevos, despues de la inoculacion de gallinas ponedoras por las vias oral, intravenosa y aerosol. Lambda os modelos de infecciones experimentales son herramientas utiles para entender como la Salmonela enteriditis es transmitida a los huevos y para ensayar estrategias potenciales de control de la transmision del patogeno a humanos a traves de los alimentos. Se presume que la inoculacion por via oral en gallinas ponedoras proporciona el sistema mas cercano a la infeccion natural, pero otras vias de inoculacion, tales como la intravenosa o respiratoria mediante la aplicacion de aerosoles, han sido recomendadas como rutas opcionales con el fin de inducir una mayor incidencia de contaminacion en los huevos. En este trabajo se compararon la frecuencia, niveles y localizacion de la infeccion por S. enteriditis en huevos despues de la inoculacion experimental del microorganismo por tres vias diferentes. En dos experimentos repetidos se inocularon gallinas ponedoras libres de patogenos especificos con un cultivo mixto de S. enteriditis, preparado con el fin optimizar la capacidad invasiva del microorganismo. Se inocularon diferentes grupos de gallinas con una dosis oral de 109 celulas bacterianas, o una aplicacion por aerosol de una dosis de 109 celulas bacterianas, o una dosis de 105-107 celulas bacterianas por via intravenosa. La inoculacion oral produjo la mayor incidencia de diseminacion fecal del microorganismo, mientras que la inoculacion intravenosa produjo los niveles mas altos de anticuerpos especificos. Los huevos puestos durante los primeros 21 dias despues de la inoculacion fueron examinados para detectar y enumerar los niveles de S. enteriditis en la yema y albumina de los mismos. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las frecuencias de aislamiento de la S. enteriditis en la yema y albumina de los huevos obtenidos de las aves en los grupos inoculados por las diferentes vias usadas en este estudio. En todos los grupos experimentales la incidencia de aislamiento del microorganismo fue mayor a partir de las yemas (4% a 7%), que a partir de la albumina (0 a 2%) de los huevos examinados. Mas del 73% de los huevos contaminados presentaron menos de una unidad formadora de colonias (UFC) por mililitro de material, y solo un 3% de los mismos presento mas de 100 UFC por mililitro. Niveles significativamente mas altos de contaminacion por el microorganismo se presentaron en los animales inoculados por la via intravenosa. En este estudio no se encontraron ventajas en el uso de las tecnicas de inoculacion mediante aerosoles o inoculacion intravenosa de la S. enteriditis en comparacion con la inoculacion por via oral, para la produccion de huevos contaminados por la bacteria. double prime bbreviations: BG = brilliant green; CFU = colony-forming unit; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; RV = Rappaport-Vassiliadis; TS = tryptone soya JF - Avian Diseases AU - Gast, R K AU - Guard-Petter, J AU - Holt, P S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 629 EP - 635 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Experimental infection KW - Aerosols KW - Intravenous administration KW - Contamination KW - Inoculation route KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Eggs KW - Models KW - Yolk KW - Disease transmission KW - Antibodies KW - Albumen KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Inoculation KW - Contaminants KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19285593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+Contamination+in+Eggs+After+Oral%2C+Aerosol%2C+and+Intravenous+Inoculation+of+Laying+Hens&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BGuard-Petter%2C+J%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280629%3ACOSECI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Intravenous administration; Aerosols; Experimental infection; Contamination; Inoculation route; Eggs; Disease transmission; Yolk; Models; Albumen; Antibodies; Colony-forming cells; Inoculation; Contaminants; Salmonella enteritidis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0629:COSECI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Processes and forms of an unstable alluvial system with resistant, cohesive streambeds AN - 18908673; 5444971 AB - As a response to channelization projects undertaken near the turn of the 20th century and in the late 1960s, upstream reaches and tributaries of the Yalobusha River, Mississippi, USA, have been rejuvenated by upstream-migrating knick-points. Sediment and woody vegetation delivered to the channels by mass failure of streambanks has been transported downstream to form a large sediment/debris plug where the downstream end of the channelized reach joins an unmodified sinuous reach. Classification within a model of channel evolution and analysis of thalweg elevations and channel slopes indicates that downstream reaches have equilibrated but that upstream reaches are actively degrading. The beds of degrading reaches are characterized by firm, cohesive clays of two formations of Palaeocene age. The erodibility of these clay beds was determined with a jet-test device and related to critical shear stresses and erosion rates. Repeated surveys indicated that knickpoint migration rates in these clays varied from 0 times 7 to 12 m a super(-1), and that these rates and migration processes are highly dependent upon the bed substrate. Resistant clay beds of the Porters Creek Clay formation have restricted advancement of knickpoints in certain reaches and have caused a shift in channel adjustment processes towards bank failures and channel widening. Channel bank material accounts for at least 85 per cent of the material derived from the channel boundaries of the Yalobusha River system. Strategies to reduce downstream flooding problems while preventing upstream erosion and land loss are being contemplated by action agencies. One such proposal involves removal of the sediment/debris plug. Bank stability analyses that account for pore-water and confining pressures have been conducted for a range of hydrologic conditions to aid in predicting future channel response. If the sediment/debris plug is removed to improve downstream drainage, care should be taken to provide sufficient time for drainage of groundwater from the channel banks so as not to induce accelerated bank failures. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Simon, A AU - Thomas, R E AD - c/o A. Simon, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Sedimentation Laboratory, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, asimon@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - July 2002 SP - 699 EP - 718 VL - 27 IS - 7 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - Bank failures KW - USA, Mississippi, Yalobusha R. KW - knick-points KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Erosion KW - Flood control KW - Fluvial morphology KW - Mass Wasting KW - Channeling KW - Freshwater KW - Drainage Patterns KW - Streams KW - River engineering KW - Clays KW - Channels KW - Erosion KW - River banks KW - Fluvial sedimentation KW - Ground water KW - Fluvial transport KW - Geology KW - Sediment transport KW - River basin management KW - Erosion control KW - Cohesive sediments KW - River beds KW - Q2 09321:General KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18908673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Processes+and+forms+of+an+unstable+alluvial+system+with+resistant%2C+cohesive+streambeds&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BThomas%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.347 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluvial morphology; Flood control; River engineering; Clays; Channels; Erosion; River banks; Fluvial sedimentation; Fluvial transport; Ground water; Sediment transport; River basin management; River beds; Cohesive sediments; Erosion control; Sediment Erosion; Mass Wasting; Channeling; Geology; Drainage Patterns; Streams; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.347 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiscale habitat relationships of stream amphibians in the Klamath-Siskiyou Region of California and Oregon AN - 18837443; 5489817 AB - Regional amphibian distribution patterns can vary greatly depending on species and the spatial scale of inquiry (e.g., landscape to microenvironment). These differences appear to be related both to habitat selection among species as well as availability of suitable habitats across scales. We sampled amphibians in 39 .second- and third-order streams in the conifer-hardwood forests of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, USA (the Klamath-Siskiyou Region) during 1984 and 1985. We concurrently measured spatial, structural, compositional, and climatic attributes of the forest and stream environment--attributes representing landscape, macroenvironment, and microenvironment scales--to determine key habitat relationships. We captured 7 species, 97% of which were larval and paedomorphic Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) and larval and adult tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei). Streams in late seral forests supported both the highest diversity of amphibians and the highest densities of A. truei. Overall, A. truei distribution was patchy in occurrence, while D. tenebrosus distribution was widespread throughout the region at all scales. The incidence of A. truei was assessable at the landscape, macroenvironment, and microenvironment scales; however, variation in density was most predictable at the microenvironment scale. Changes in density of D. tenebrosus were detected only at the microenvironment scale. Tree size class and plant species composition variables distinguishing younger from older, more structurally complex forests, and forest microclimates and in-stream attributes best determined the presence and density for both life stages of A. truei. However, only in-stream conditions were good predictors of D. tenebrosus density. A. truei occupied a narrower range of habitat conditions than D. tenebrosus, exhibiting an ecological dependence on lotic and riparian environments found more reliably in late seral forests. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Welsh, HH Jr AU - Lind, A J AD - USDA Forest Service, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95521, USA, hwelshCOfs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 581 EP - 602 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Tailed frog KW - USA, Klamath-Siskiyou Region KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Wildlife management KW - Amphibiotic species KW - Landscape KW - Abundance KW - Population density KW - Forests KW - Biodiversity KW - USA, Oregon, Siskiyou Mts. KW - Dicamptodon tenebrosus KW - Freshwater KW - Habitat selection KW - Streams KW - Distribution records KW - USA, California, Klamath Basin KW - Species diversity KW - Microenvironments KW - Wetlands KW - USA, California KW - USA, Oregon KW - Ascaphus truei KW - Scaling KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08322:Geographical distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18837443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Multiscale+habitat+relationships+of+stream+amphibians+in+the+Klamath-Siskiyou+Region+of+California+and+Oregon&rft.au=Welsh%2C+HH+Jr%3BLind%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Welsh&rft.aufirst=HH&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Distribution records; Amphibiotic species; Abundance; Biodiversity; Wetlands; Habitat selection; Wildlife management; Species diversity; Landscape; Population density; Microenvironments; Forests; Scaling; Streams; Dicamptodon tenebrosus; Ascaphus truei; USA, California, Klamath Basin; USA, Oregon, Siskiyou Mts.; USA, California; USA, Oregon; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probability of detecting marbled murrelets at sea: Effects of single versus paired observers AN - 18836962; 5490217 AB - Density estimates for marbled murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) are obtained from at-sea surveys, but survey methods vary among regions. We compared the performance of a single observer with that of an observer operating in a paired-observer team in detecting marbled murrelets during marine surveys in the San Juan Islands, Washington, USA. Performance was measured against an independent observer (IO) who selected a sample of birds; we used this sample to determine the proportion detected by the observer(s). To represent probability of success, we used a function that was the product of a half-normal detection function modified to incorporate scale covariates and a logistic function to represent detection probability on the line, g(0). We used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to select the set of covariates (murrelet group size and behavior, observer, wave height, cloud cover, and the number of primary observers) that best explained variability in g(0) and scale (effect of distance on detection probability). Single observers detected 80% of 274 targets, and paired observers detected 84% of 343 targets selected by the IO. Detection probability was affected by observer, murrelet behavior, and group size; wave height influenced the effect of distance on detection probability. Estimates of detection probability on the line [g(0) ] ranged from 0.78 to 0.95 with a single observer; average estimates from paired observers were similarly biased (0.84 to 0.93), but less variable. Options for surveying include retaining single- or paired-observer surveys and accepting bias and variability from g(0) < 1, attempting to reduce bias by using 2 or more observers in a different configuration with a different search pattern, or using an independent observer to remove bias. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Mack, DE AU - Raphael, M G AU - Laake, J L AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd Avenue SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA, devans02@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 865 EP - 873 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Marbled murrelet KW - observer bias KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Brachyramphus marmoratus KW - Marine KW - Marine birds KW - Population characteristics KW - Abundance KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys KW - Mathematical analysis KW - USA, Washington KW - Distribution records KW - INE, USA, Washington, San Juan Archipelago KW - Monitoring KW - Observation methods KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Q1 08362:Geographical distribution KW - Q1 08182:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18836962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Probability+of+detecting+marbled+murrelets+at+sea%3A+Effects+of+single+versus+paired+observers&rft.au=Mack%2C+DE%3BRaphael%2C+M+G%3BLaake%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine birds; Distribution records; Population characteristics; Abundance; Statistical analysis; Surveys; Mathematical analysis; Monitoring; Observation methods; Brachyramphus marmoratus; USA, Washington; INE, USA, Washington, San Juan Archipelago; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cavity-nester habitat development in artificially made Douglas-fir snags AN - 18624374; 5489823 AB - Standing dead trees, or snags, are a source of foraging habitat and nesting cavities for wildlife. We evaluated the efficacy of creating Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) snags (by girdling, silvicide treatment, and topping) and their influence on deterioration rate by describing bark beetle activity, fungal colonization, and use by cavity nesters. To compare the development of artificial with natural fungal infection, we inoculated snags with Fomitopsis pinicola, Fomitopsis cajanderi, Phellinus pini, and Phlebiopsis gigantea. Silvicide-treated and fully topped trees took just over 1 year to die; girdled trees took slightly over 2 years to die. Trees topped at mid-crown that died took almost 3 years. Top breakage began 4 years after treatment. Neither snag-creation methods nor artificial inoculation directly affected bark beetle (Dendroctonus spp., Ips spp.) activity or the presence of externally visible fungal fruiting bodies 4 years after treatment. Native decay fungi, particularly Trichaptum abietinum and Cryptoporus volvatus, extensively colonized snag sapwood. Snag-creation method and artificial inoculation did not appreciably affect woodpecker activity after 4 years. Rather, length of time the snag had been dead had the most influence on bird use. All snags except the living mid-crown topped trees provided foraging habitat and may be a suitable condition for cavity-nest excavation. Pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus), hairy woodpeckers (Picoides villosus), and other species excavated and de-barked the created snags during foraging, and possibly during nesting activity. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Brandeis, T J AU - Newton, M AU - Filip, G M AU - Cole, E C AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, PO. Box 25000, San Juan, PR 00928, USA, tbrandeis@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 625 EP - 633 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Douglas spruce KW - Douglas-fir KW - Hairy woodpecker KW - Pileated woodpecker KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18624374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Cavity-nester+habitat+development+in+artificially+made+Douglas-fir+snags&rft.au=Brandeis%2C+T+J%3BNewton%2C+M%3BFilip%2C+G+M%3BCole%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Brandeis&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=625&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of Cell Surface Charge and Hydrophobicity to Strength of Attachment of Bacteria to Cantaloupe Rind AN - 18612564; 5509890 AB - The cantaloupe melon has been associated with outbreaks of Salmonella infections. It is suspected that bacterial surface charge and hydrophobicity may affect bacterial attachment and complicate bacterial detachment from cantaloupe surfaces. The surface charge and hydrophobicity of strains of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (O157:H7 and non-O157:H7), and Listeria monocytogenes were determined by electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, respectively. Initial bacterial attachment to cantaloupe surfaces and the ability of bacteria to resist removal by washing with water were compared with surface charge and hydrophobicity. Whole cantaloupes were submerged in inocula containing individual strains or in cocktails containing Salmonella, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, either as a mixture of strains containing all three genera or as a mixture of strains belonging to a single genus, for 10 min. Inoculated cantaloupes were dried for 1 h in a biosafety cabinet and then stored for up to 7 days at 4 degree C. Inoculated melons were washed with water, and bacteria still attached to the melon surface, as well as those in the wash water, were enumerated. Initial bacterial attachment was highest for individual strains of E. coli and lowest for L. monocytogenes, but Salmonella exhibited the strongest attachment on days 0, 3, and 7. When mixed-genus cocktails were used, the relative degrees of attachment of the three genera ware altered. The attachment of Salmonella strains was the strongest, but the attachment of E. coli was more extensive than that of L. monocytogenes on days 0, 3, and 7. There was a linear correlation between bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity (r super(2) = 0.767), negative charge (r super(2) = 0.738), and positive charge (r super(2) = 0.724) and the strength of bacterial attachment to cantaloupe surfaces. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Ukuku, DO AU - Fett, W F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 1093 EP - 1099 VL - 65 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18612564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+Cell+Surface+Charge+and+Hydrophobicity+to+Strength+of+Attachment+of+Bacteria+to+Cantaloupe+Rind&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+DO%3BFett%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1093&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using a land cover classification based on satellite imagery to improve the precision of forest inventory area estimates AN - 18582400; 5410404 AB - Estimates of forest area were obtained for the states of Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, and Missouri in the United States using stratified analyses and observations from forest inventory plots measured in federal fiscal year 1999. Strata were created by aggregating the land cover classes of the National Land Cover Data (NLCD), and strata weights were calculated as proportions of strata pixel counts. The analyses focused on improving the precision of unbiased forest area estimates and included evaluation of the correspondence between forest/nonforest aggregations of the NLCD classes and observed attributes of forest inventory plots, evaluation of the utility of the NLCD as a stratification tool, and estimation of the effects on precision of image registration and plot location errors. The results indicate that the combination of NLCD-based stratification of inventory plots and stratified analyses increases the precision of forest area estimates and that the estimates are only slightly adversely affected by image registration and plot location errors. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - McRoberts, R E AU - Wendt, D G AU - Nelson, MD AU - Hansen, M H AD - Forest Inventory and Analysis, North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, rmcroberts@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 36 EP - 44 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Forests KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Land classification KW - Inventories KW - Remote sensing KW - USA, Midwest KW - Cover KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18582400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Using+a+land+cover+classification+based+on+satellite+imagery+to+improve+the+precision+of+forest+inventory+area+estimates&rft.au=McRoberts%2C+R+E%3BWendt%2C+D+G%3BNelson%2C+MD%3BHansen%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=McRoberts&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Midwest; Cover; Land classification; Inventories; Remote sensing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Group 16SrIII Phytoplasma Lineages in Lithuania Exhibit rRNA Interoperon Sequence Heterogeneity AN - 18581109; 5442958 AB - Previously undescribed phytoplasmas were detected in diseased plants of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) exhibiting virescence of flowers, thistle (Cirsium arvense) exhibiting symptoms of white leaf, and a Gaillardia sp. exhibiting symptoms of stunting and phyllody in Lithuania. On the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rDNA amplified in PCR, the dandelion virescence (DanVir), cirsium whiteleaf (CirWL), and gaillardia phyllody (GaiPh) phytoplasmas were classified in phylogenetic group 16SrIII (X-disease phytoplasma group), new subgroups III-P and III-R and subgroup III-B, respectively. RFLP and nucleotide sequence analyses revealed 16S rRNA interoperon sequence heterogeneity in the two rRNA operons, rrnA and rrnB, of both DanVir and CirWL. Results from phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of 16S rDNA were consistent with recognition of the two new subgroups as representatives of distinct new lineages within the group 16SrIII phytoplasma subclade. The branching order of rrnA and rrnB sequences in the phylogenetic tree supported this interpretation and indicated recent common ancestry of the two rRNA operons in each of the phytoplasmas exhibiting interoperon heterogeneity. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Davis, R AU - Valiunas, D AU - Alminaite, A AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 507 EP - 517 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 108 IS - 6 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - Canada thistle KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18581109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=New+Group+16SrIII+Phytoplasma+Lineages+in+Lithuania+Exhibit+rRNA+Interoperon+Sequence+Heterogeneity&rft.au=Jomantiene%2C+R%3BDavis%2C+R%3BValiunas%2C+D%3BAlminaite%2C+A&rft.aulast=Jomantiene&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of bovine mammary gland EST and functional annotation of the Bos taurus gene index AN - 18544576; 5508614 AB - Functional genomic studies of the mammary gland require an appropriate collection of cDNA sequences to assess gene expression patterns from the different developmental and operational states of underlying cell types. To better capture the range of gene expression, a normalized cDNA library was constructed from pooled bovine mammary tissues, and 23,202 expressed sequence tags (EST) were produced and deposited into GenBank. Assembly of these EST with sequences in the Bos taurus Gene Index (BtGI) helped to form 5751 of the current 23,883 tentative consensus (TC) sequences. The majority (87%) of these 5751 assemblies contained only one to three mammary-derived EST. In contrast, 18% of the mammary EST assembled with TC sequences corresponding to 12 genes. These results suggest library normalization was only partially effective, because the reduction in EST for genes abundantly transcribed during lactation could be attributed to pooling. For better assessment of novel content in the mammary library and to add to existing annotation of all bovine sequence elements, gene ontology assignments, and comparative sequence analyses against human genome sequence, human and rodent gene indices, and an index of orthologous alignments of genes across eukaryotes (TOGA) were performed, and results were added to existing BtGI annotation. Over 35,000 of the bovine elements significantly matched human genome sequence, and the positions of some alignments (3%) were unique relative to those using human expressed sequences. Because 3445 TC sequences had no significant match with any data set, mammary-derived cDNA clones representing 23 of these elements were analyzed further for expression and novelty. Only one clone met criteria suggesting the corresponding gene was a divergent ortholog or expressed sequence unique to cattle. These results demonstrate that bovine sequence expression data serve as a resource for characterizing mammalian transcriptomes and identifying those genes potentially unique to ruminants. JF - Mammalian Genome AU - Sonstegard, T S AU - Capuco, A V AU - White, J AU - Van Tassell, CP AU - Connor, EE AU - Cho, J AU - Sultana, R AU - Shade, L AU - Wray, JE AU - Wells, K D AU - Quackenbush, J AD - USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, tads@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 373 EP - 379 VL - 13 IS - 7 SN - 0938-8990, 0938-8990 KW - Domesticated cattle KW - True cattle KW - expressed sequence tags KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07413:Domestic animals (cattle) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18544576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mammalian+Genome&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+bovine+mammary+gland+EST+and+functional+annotation+of+the+Bos+taurus+gene+index&rft.au=Sonstegard%2C+T+S%3BCapuco%2C+A+V%3BWhite%2C+J%3BVan+Tassell%2C+CP%3BConnor%2C+EE%3BCho%2C+J%3BSultana%2C+R%3BShade%2C+L%3BWray%2C+JE%3BWells%2C+K+D%3BQuackenbush%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sonstegard&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mammalian+Genome&rft.issn=09388990&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00335-001-2145-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00335-001-2145-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using field topographic descriptors to estimate soil water retention AN - 18500523; 5463117 AB - In field-, watershed-, and regional-scale projects, soil water retention is often estimated from soil textural classes shown in soil maps. The textural classes are relatively broad, often only the dominating textural class is shown, cartographers routinely use error-prone field judgments of soil texture, and soil texture is known to vary along slopes and to depend on the land surface shape. We, therefore, hypothesized that including topographic information in water retention estimation would increase accuracy. To test this hypothesis, we extracted data on 216 soil pedons for soils of moderate and large extent from the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) soil characterization database. Textural classes, genetic horizon numbers, slopes, position on the slope classes, and land surface shape classes were the field descriptors that we used to estimate water retention at -33 and -1500 kPa potentials for each horizon in each pedon. Because our input variables were both categorical and continuous, regression trees were used for subdividing the samples into the smallest number of the most homogeneous groups, which we tentatively called topotextural groups (TTG). The jackknife cross-validation was used to prune the regression trees to prevent overparameterization. Ten or fewer TTGs were defined for both the -33 and the -1500 kPa retention. The TTGs were different for the two matric potential levels. Using topographic variables and soil horizon seemed to be the most accurate way to make up for errors made in field determination of texture. For the A horizon, the topotextural grouping resulted in estimates that were more accurate than those using laboratory textures only. Although most of the topographic variables in this work are categorical, those variables seemed to be useful for improving estimates of water retention. JF - Soil Science AU - Rawls, W J AU - Pachepsky, YA AD - Animal Waste Pathogen Laboratory, USDA-REE-ARS-BA-ANRI-AWPL, Bldg. 173, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 423 EP - 435 VL - 167 IS - 7 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18500523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Using+field+topographic+descriptors+to+estimate+soil+water+retention&rft.au=Rawls%2C+W+J%3BPachepsky%2C+YA&rft.aulast=Rawls&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The bacteriocins of ruminal bacteria and their potential as an alternative to antibiotics AN - 18482281; 5444353 AB - Beef cattle have been fed ionophores and other antibiotics for more than 20 years to decrease ruminal fermentation losses (e.g methane and ammonia) and increase feed efficiency, and these improvements have been explained by an inhibition of Gram-positive ruminal bacteria. Ionophores are not used to treat human disease, but there has been an increased perception that antibiotics should not be used as feed additives. Some bacteria produce small peptides (bacteriocins) that inhibit Gram-positive bacteria. In vitro experiments indicated that the bacteriocin, nisin, and the ionophore, monensin, had similar effects on ruminal fermentation. However, preliminary results indicated that mixed ruminal bacteria degraded nisin, and the ruminal bacterium, Streptococcus bovis, became highly nisin-resistant. A variety of ruminal bacteria produce bacteriocins, and bacteriocin production has, in some cases, been correlated with changes in ruminal ecology. Some ruminai bacteriocins are as potent as nisin in vitro, and resistance can be circumvented. Based on these results, ruminal bacteriocins may provide an alternative to antibiotics in cattle rations. JF - Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Russell, J B AU - Mantovani, H C AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA and Wing Hall Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA, Jbr8@cornell.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 347 EP - 355 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1464-1801, 1464-1801 KW - cattle KW - monensin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02793:Antibiotics: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18482281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+bacteriocins+of+ruminal+bacteria+and+their+potential+as+an+alternative+to+antibiotics&rft.au=Russell%2C+J+B%3BMantovani%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Molecular+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=14641801&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening Oryza Species Plants for Rice Sheath Blight Resistance AN - 18481630; 5451682 AB - Rice wild relatives, Oryza species, are one possible source of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) resistance genes. However, Oryza spp. cannot be screened in the field as is done for cultivated rice (O. sativa) because the plant canopy does not favor disease development and many plants drop mature seed. Thus, a growth chamber-greenhouse method of screening Oryza spp. and their early generation progeny is needed. Primary-secondary and ratoon tillers of rice cultivars-germplasm which ranged from moderately resistant to very susceptible were evaluated first for sheath blight susceptibility. Plants were inoculated by placing R. solani-colonized toothpicks at the leaf collar, then incubating plants in a growth chamber. After 7 days, plants were visually rated for sheath blight severity, and the lesion length of each leaf was measured. Ranking of cultivar-germplasm susceptibility by visual rating of primary-secondary tillers corresponded to the ranking from field ratings. Visual ratings correlated best with combined lesion length of the second and third leaves. For ratoon tillers, visual ratings correlated best with second-leaf lesion length. Next, this method was used with ratoon tillers to evaluate sheath blight susceptibility of 21 Oryza spp. accessions and F sub(1) progeny from crosses between 17 accessions and cultivated rice. This method proved useful on a limited scale for screening germplasm that could not be evaluated under field conditions. JF - Plant Disease AU - Eizenga, G C AU - Lee, F N AU - Rutger, J N AD - Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, USDA-ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA, geizenga@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 808 EP - 812 VL - 86 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Rice KW - plants KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Freshwater KW - Q3 01587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - Q1 01587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18481630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Screening+Oryza+Species+Plants+for+Rice+Sheath+Blight+Resistance&rft.au=Eizenga%2C+G+C%3BLee%2C+F+N%3BRutger%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Eizenga&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=808&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determinants of plant species richness on small Bahamian islands AN - 18474504; 5445158 AB - Aim I investigated the determinants of plant species richness in two archipelagos, comparing the predictive power of different explanatory variables. I evaluated both conventional variables and alternative variables not commonly used in such analyses. I also investigated the effect of island location in relation to neighbouring landmasses on plant species richness and the predictive ability of regression models. Location Archipelagos of small islands in the central Exumas and near the north-east coast of Andros, Bahamas. Methods I surveyed plant species richness and obtained measures of seven predictor variables: total island area, the ratio of perimeter to total area, vegetated area, the ratio of vegetated area to total area, distance to the nearest large island, elevation and protection from surrounding islands. All seven predictor variables were evaluated as determinants of plant species richness in simple and stepwise multiple linear regressions. Analyses were conducted for each archipelago overall, and then separately for three categories of islands in the Exumas. Total area, elevation, and distance were evaluated as predictors of vegetation incidence in simple and stepwise multiple logistic regressions for both archipelagos. Results Some expression of insular area was always the best single predictor of plant species richness in the linear regressions. Total area was a relatively poor predictor compared with other expressions of insular area. Distance, elevation, and protection explained relatively little of the overall variation in plant species number, although all variables were selected as significant in some models. A greater amount of variation in plant species richness was explained by the linear regression models in the Exumas (69.0%) compared with Andros (60.9%). Different variables were entered into the models for the three categories of islands in the Exumas, and adjusted coefficients of multiple determination ranged from 68.9% to 85.7%. In the logistic regressions, the model including total area and distance yielded almost 90% correct classification of vegetation incidence in the Exumas; no significant variables were selected for Andros. A group of exposed, outer islands supported many fewer species than more sheltered islands, on the basis of total island area or elevation. Main conclusions The three variables commonly used in studies of determinants of insular species richness - total island area, distance, and elevation - were relatively poor predictors in most analyses. Alternative expressions of insular area - indicative of disturbance or shape in combination with area - were usually better predictors than total area and may more realistically reflect habitable area. Alternative predictors explained similar amounts of variation in plant species richness compared with commonly used predictors, and combinations of all variables into a single stepwise model resulted in increased predictive power. The predictive power of the models tended to be higher for groups of islands that were more sheltered by neighbouring islands. Exposed islands, although separated by relatively small distances from nearby protected islands, may be impacted by storms much more severely and possess many fewer species. The location of small islands relative to large landmasses, as well as their geological histories, should be taken into account in such analyses. JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Morrison, L W AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, PO Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA, lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 931 EP - 941 VL - 29 IS - 7 SN - 0305-0270, 0305-0270 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18474504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Determinants+of+plant+species+richness+on+small+Bahamian+islands&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zeitschrift+fur+Naturforschung.+C%2C+Journal+of+biosciences&rft.issn=09395075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity and Phenology of Predatory Arthropods Overwintering in Cardboard Bands Placed in Pear and Apple Orchards of Central Washington State AN - 18464715; 5439165 AB - Overwintering shelters composed of cardboard bands were placed on pear and apple trees located in central Washington state to monitor overwintering by predatory arthropods and by two pest taxa. A subset of bands was sampled at regular intervals between late summer and mid-December to determine when taxa began to enter bands. The remaining bands were left undisturbed until collection in mid-December to determine the numbers and types of arthropods overwintering on tree trunks in these orchards. More than 8,000 predatory arthropods were collected from bands left undisturbed until mid-December, dominated numerically by Acari (Phytoseiidae) [Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), Typhlodromus spp.], Araneae, and Neuroptera (Hemerobiidae, Chrysopidae). Predatory mite numbers were higher in bands placed in apple orchards than bands placed in pear orchards. The Araneae were particularly diverse, including >3,000 spiders representing nine families. Less abundant were Heteroptera, including a mirid [Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler)] and three species of Anthocoridae [Anthocoris spp., Orius tristicolor (White)]. Coleoptera included Coccinellidae, dominated by Stethorus picipes Casey, and unidentified Staphylinidae and Carabidae. The bands that were collected at regular intervals to monitor phenology provided >15,000 predatory arthropods, dominated numerically by spiders, Dermaptera [Forficula auricularia (F.)], lacewings, and predatory mites. Some well-defined phenological patterns were apparent for some taxa. Brown lacewing adults (Hemerobius ) began appearing in bands in late October, coinciding with leaf fall in orchards. Cocooned larvae of green lacewings (Chrysopa nigricornis Burmeister), conversely, were most abundant in bands in September, which was well before leaf fall. Predatory mites began to appear in bands in late September before onset of leaf fall. Patterns for predatory Heteroptera were less clear, but results showed that D. brevis and O. tristicolor were active in the orchards well into the period of leaf fall. Two pest taxa, spider mites (Tetranychus spp.) and pear psylla [Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster)], were also monitored. Spider mites entered bands beginning in September and finished movement at the beginning of leaf fall, similar to patterns shown by Phytoseiidae. Pear psylla moved into bands very late in the season (November and December). Our results suggest that postharvest applications of chemicals, as made by some growers, would occur before most predatory taxa have entered overwintering quarters. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Horton AU - Broers, DA AU - Hinojosa, T AU - Lewis, T M AU - Miliczky, E R AU - Lewis, R R Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 469 EP - 480 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Minute pirate bugs KW - Spiders KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18464715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Diversity+and+Phenology+of+Predatory+Arthropods+Overwintering+in+Cardboard+Bands+Placed+in+Pear+and+Apple+Orchards+of+Central+Washington+State&rft.au=Horton%3BBroers%2C+DA%3BHinojosa%2C+T%3BLewis%2C+T+M%3BMiliczky%2C+E+R%3BLewis%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%280469%3ADAPOPA%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=95&page=469 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2002)095(0469:DAPOPA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fitness of Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson in the Cilantro Phyllosphere AN - 18454747; 5430459 AB - The epiphytic fitness of Salmonella enterica was assessed on cilantro plants by using a strain of S. enterica serovar Thompson that was linked to an outbreak resulting from cilantro. Salmonella serovar Thompson had the ability to colonize the surface of cilantro leaves, where it was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at high densities on the veins and in natural lesions. The population sizes of two common colonizers of plant surfaces, Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas chlororaphis, were 10-fold higher than that of the human pathogen on cilantro incubated at 22 degree C. However, Salmonella serovar Thompson achieved significantly higher population levels and accounted for a higher proportion of the total culturable bacterial flora on cilantro leaves when the plants were incubated at warm temperatures, such as 30 degree C, after inoculation, indicating that the higher growth rates exhibited by Salmonella serovar Thompson at warm temperatures may increase the competitiveness of this organism in the phyllosphere. The tolerance of Salmonella serovar Thompson to dry conditions on plants at 60% relative humidity was at least equal to that of P. agglomerans and P. chlororaphis. Moreover, after exposure to low humidity on cilantro, Salmonella serovar Thompson recovered under high humidity to achieve its maximum population size in the cilantro phyllosphere. Visualization by CLSM of green fluorescent protein-tagged Salmonella serovar Thompson and dsRed- tagged P. agglomerans inoculated onto cilantro revealed that the human pathogen and the bacterial epiphyte formed large heterogeneous aggregates on the leaf surface. Our studies support the hypothesis that preharvest contamination of crops by S. enterica plays a role in outbreaks linked to fresh fruits and vegetables. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Brandl, M T AU - Mandrell, R E AD - USDA/ARS, WRRC, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710., mbrandl@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 3614 EP - 3621 VL - 68 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18454747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Fitness+of+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+Thompson+in+the+Cilantro+Phyllosphere&rft.au=Brandl%2C+M+T%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Brandl&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.7.3588-3596.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.7.3588-3596.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential Ability of Genotypes of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains To Colonize the Roots of Pea Plants AN - 18453587; 5430451 AB - Indigenous populations of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG)-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that occur naturally in suppressive soils are an enormous resource for improving biological control of plant diseases. Over 300 isolates of 2,4-DAPG-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from the rhizosphere of pea plants grown in soils that had undergone pea or wheat monoculture and were suppressive to Fusarium wilt or take-all, respectively. Representatives of seven genotypes, A, D, E, L, O, P, and Q, were isolated from both soils and identified by whole-cell repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) with the BOXA1R primer, increasing by three (O, P, and Q) the number of genotypes identified previously among a worldwide collection of 2,4- DAPG producers. Fourteen isolates representing eight different genotypes were tested for their ability to colonize the rhizosphere of pea plants. Population densities of strains belonging to genotypes D and P were significantly greater than the densities of other genotypes and remained above log 6.0 CFU (g of root) super(-1) over the entire 15-week experiment. Genetic profiles generated by rep-PCR or restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 2,4-DAPG biosynthetic gene phlD were predictive of the rhizosphere competence of the introduced 2,4-DAPG-producing strains. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Landa, B B AU - Mavrodi, O V AU - Raaijmakers, J M AU - Gardener, BBM AU - Thomashow, L S AU - Weller, D M AD - USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Pathology, P.O. Box 646430, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430., wellerd@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 3226 EP - 3237 VL - 68 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol KW - phlD gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18453587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Differential+Ability+of+Genotypes+of+2%2C4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing+Pseudomonas+fluorescens+Strains+To+Colonize+the+Roots+of+Pea+Plants&rft.au=Landa%2C+B+B%3BMavrodi%2C+O+V%3BRaaijmakers%2C+J+M%3BGardener%2C+BBM%3BThomashow%2C+L+S%3BWeller%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Landa&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.7.3639-3643.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.7.3639-3643.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of habitat-selection rules using an individual-based model AN - 18445870; 5418877 AB - Despite their promise for simulating natural complexity, individual-based models (IBMs) are rarely used for ecological research or resource management. Few IBMs have been shown to reproduce realistic patterns of behavior by individual organisms. To test our IBM of stream salmonids and draw conclusions about foraging theory, we analyzed the IBM's ability to reproduce six patterns of habitat selection by real trout in simulations contrasting three alternative habitat-selection objectives: maximizing current growth rate, current survival probability, or "expected maturity" (EM). EM is the product of (1) predicted survival of starvation and other mortality risks over a future time horizon, and (2) the fraction of reproductive size attained over the time horizon. Minimizing the ratio of mortality risk to growth rate was not tested as a habitat-selection rule because it produces nonsensical results when any habitat yields negative growth rates. The IBM simulates habitat selection in response to spatial and temporal variation in mortality risks and food availability as fish compete for food. The model fish move each daily time step to maximize their habitat-selection objective with no other restrictions (e.g., territoriality) imposed. Simulations with habitat selected to maximize growth reproduced three of the six habitat-selection patterns; maximizing survival reproduced two patterns; and maximizing EM reproduced all six patterns. Two patterns (shifts in habitat with changes in temperature and food availability) were not reproduced by the objectives that consider only current growth and risk but were explained by the EM objective that considers how future starvation risk depends on current energy reserves and energy intake. In 75-d simulations, population-level survival and biomass accumulation were highest for fish moving to maximize EM. These results support the basic assumptions of state-based dynamic-modeling approaches to habitat selection. Our IBM appears successful because it avoids restrictive assumptions, incorporates competition for food, assumes salmonids make good habitat-selection decisions at a daily time step, and uses a habitat objective (EM) that provides reasonable trade-offs between growth and mortality risks. JF - Ecology AU - Railsback, S F AU - Harvey, B C AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, California 95521, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 1817 EP - 1830 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Salmonids KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Q1 01341:General KW - Q1 01423:Behaviour KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18445870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+habitat-selection+rules+using+an+individual-based+model&rft.au=Railsback%2C+S+F%3BHarvey%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Railsback&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) to coarse woody debris and microsite use in southern Appalachian treefall gaps AN - 18443931; 5422831 AB - The influence of treefall gaps and coarse woody debris (CWD) on white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) abundance was tested experimentally during 1996-1999 in a southern Appalachian hardwood forest. I compared the relative abundance and body size of P. leucopus among unsalvaged gaps that were created by wind disturbance and retained high CWD levels, salvage logged gaps where fallen and damaged tree boles had been removed, and closed-canopy controls. I also tested the relative use by mice of four microsite types: CWD, pits, woody brush, and open ground. One-hundred and forty-one P. leucopus were captured 310 times during the study. There were no differences in capture success, body size, or sex ratio among treatments before or after salvage logging, but abundance varied among years. Capture success was higher at traps set adjacent to CWD (P0.05) and in pits (P0.10) than at traps set under brush or on open ground. In the southern Appalachians, windthrow-created canopy gaps and associated microsites do not affect habitat use by P. leucopus at a landscape level (as measured by relative abundance among treatments), but CWD influences the microdistribution of P. leucopus where it is present. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Greenberg, CH AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Experimental Forest, 1577 Brevard Road, Asheville, NC 28806, USA Y1 - 2002/07/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 01 SP - 57 EP - 66 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 164 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - White-footed mouse KW - debris KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18443931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Response+of+white-footed+mice+%28Peromyscus+leucopus%29+to+coarse+woody+debris+and+microsite+use+in+southern+Appalachian+treefall+gaps&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - So the Rain Stays in the Plain: Crop Sequence CD Helps Farmers Fight Drought AN - 17411288; 6539430 AB - It snowed a little on March 5 in Minot, North Dakota, close to the Canadian border. Farmers there were glad to see the snow because they know that when it melts it will provide precious water to the Northern Plains area, which is drier than usual this year. While the situation doesn't seem as dire as it does for the eastern United States, it's still one that farmers kept in mind this past winter as they planned their spring planting. JF - Agricultural Research AU - Comis, D AD - ARS, krupinsj@mandam.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 VL - 50 IS - 7 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Farms KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Snow KW - Water Shortage KW - Rain KW - Drought KW - Crops KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17411288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=So+the+Rain+Stays+in+the+Plain%3A+Crop+Sequence+CD+Helps+Farmers+Fight+Drought&rft.au=Comis%2C+D&rft.aulast=Comis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Farms; Snow; Water Shortage; Drought; Rain; Crops; USA, North Dakota ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mushrooms, Trees, and Money: Value Estimates of Commercial Mushrooms and Timber in the Pacific Northwest AN - 17276796; 5854043 AB - Wild edible mushrooms are harvested in the forests of the Pacific Northwest, where both trees and mushrooms grow in the same landscape. Although there has been some discussion about the value of trees and mushrooms individually, little information exists about the joint production of, and value for, these two forest products. Through four case studies, the information needed to determine production and value for three wild mushroom species in different forests of the Pacific Northwest is described, and present values for several different forest management scenarios are presented. The values for timber and for mushrooms are site- and species-specific. On the Olympic Peninsula in Washington, timber is highly valued and chanterelles are a low-value product by weight; timber has a soil expectation value (SEV) 12 to 200 times higher than chanterelles. In south-central Oregon, timber and American matsutake mushrooms have the potential to have about the same SEV. In eastern Oregon, timber is worth 20 to 110 times as much as the morels that grow in the forest. Production economics is concerned with choices about how much and what to produce with what resources. The choices are influenced by changes in technical and economic circumstances. Through our description and analysis of the necessary definitions and assumptions to assess value in joint production of timber and wild mushrooms, we found that values are sensitive to assumptions about changes in forest management, yields for mushrooms and trees, and costs. JF - Environmental Management AU - Alexander, S J AU - Pilz, D AU - Weber, N S AU - Brown, E AU - Rockwell, V A AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA Y1 - 2002/07// PY - 2002 DA - Jul 2002 SP - 129 EP - 141 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - matsutake KW - timber KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Costs KW - USA, Washington KW - Forest management KW - Yield KW - Trees KW - Economics KW - Landscape KW - Forests KW - USA, Oregon KW - Basidiocarps KW - D 04700:Management KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17276796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Mushrooms%2C+Trees%2C+and+Money%3A+Value+Estimates+of+Commercial+Mushrooms+and+Timber+in+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Alexander%2C+S+J%3BPilz%2C+D%3BWeber%2C+N+S%3BBrown%2C+E%3BRockwell%2C+V+A&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-002-2610-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Costs; Forest management; Yield; Trees; Landscape; Economics; Forests; Basidiocarps; USA, Washington; USA, Oregon DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2610-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between cedar decline and hillslope stability in mountainous regions of southeast Alaska AN - 16139248; 5427269 AB - Old-growth forests experiencing widespread decline of yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) in southeast Alaska have a 3.8-fold increase in the frequency of landslides. We report here on an investigation of the cause of this increased slope instability. Time since death of cedar was assessed using surveys around landslide sites. Root decay on dead trees was used to estimate the decline in the apparent soil strength provided by roots. Changes in soil hydrology were measured with 120 piezometers located in areas of healthy cedar, healthy spruce/hemlock, and sites with cedar decline. Relative influences on slope stability by changes in soil moisture and root strength were evaluated with a simple stability model. At most sites, soil depth is <0.7 m, and the loss of root strength has an important and possibly dominant influence on slope instability. In soils deeper than 1 m, changes in pore pressure have a proportionately larger influence on slope stability. Landslides appear most likely when cedar decline reaches snag class IV (approximately 50 years after tree death), when most of the cedar root strength is lost and root strength from secondary growth has yet to develop. JF - Geomorphology AU - Johnson, A C AU - Wilcock, P AD - USDA, Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2a, 99801 Juneau, AK, USA, ajohnson03@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/07/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jul 01 SP - 129 EP - 142 VL - 46 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - USA, Alaska KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Landslides KW - Geomorphology KW - Trees KW - Vegetation KW - Forests KW - Hydrology KW - Slope Stability KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16139248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Association+between+cedar+decline+and+hillslope+stability+in+mountainous+regions+of+southeast+Alaska&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A+C%3BWilcock%2C+P&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landslides; Geomorphology; Trees; Hydrology; Forests; Vegetation; Slope Stability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Financial and ecological indicators of reduced impact logging performance in the eastern Amazon AN - 19923509; 5422772 AB - Reduced impact logging (RIL) systems are currently being promoted in Brazil and other tropical countries in response to domestic and international concern over the ecological and economic sustainability of harvesting natural tropical forests. RIL systems are necessary, but not sufficient, for sustainable forest management because they reduce damage to the forest ecosystem during the initial forest entry. If conditions were identified where RIL costs were clearly less than conventional logging (CL) costs, then a strong incentive for RIL adoption would exist. In this paper, a comparison of costs and revenues was made for typical RIL and CL operations in the eastern Amazon. An economic engineering approach was used to estimate standardized productivity and cost parameters. Detailed data on productivity, harvest volume, wasted wood and damage to the residual stand were collected from operational scale harvest blocks. Productivity and cost data were also collected using surveys of forest products firms. The major conclusion of the study was that RIL was less costly, and more profitable, than CL under the conditions observed at the eastern Amazon study site. Full cost accounting methods were introduced to capture the direct and indirect costs associated with wasted wood. The impact of wasted wood on effective stumpage price provided the largest gain to RIL. Large gains attributable to RIL technology were also observed in skidding and log deck productivity. In addition, investment in RIL yielded an 'environmental dividend' in terms of reduced damage to trees in the residual stand and reduction of the amount of ground area disturbed by heavy machinery. Developing institutions that can monetize the value of the environmental dividend remains a major challenge in the promotion of sustainable forest management in the tropics. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Holmes, T P AU - Blate, G M AU - Zweede, J C AU - Pereira, R Jr AU - Barreto, P AU - Boltz, F AU - Bauch, R AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 12254, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, tholmes@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 28 SP - 93 EP - 110 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 163 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Amazonia KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Human Population KW - Logging KW - Brazil KW - Brazil, Amazonia KW - Economics KW - Sustainable development KW - Forest practices KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - D 04700:Management KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19923509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Financial+and+ecological+indicators+of+reduced+impact+logging+performance+in+the+eastern+Amazon&rft.au=Holmes%2C+T+P%3BBlate%2C+G+M%3BZweede%2C+J+C%3BPereira%2C+R+Jr%3BBarreto%2C+P%3BBoltz%2C+F%3BBauch%2C+R&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-28&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Logging; Economics; Sustainable development; Forest practices; Ecosystem disturbance; Brazil; Brazil, Amazonia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cotton yield and applied water relationships under drip irrigation AN - 18370856; 5354568 AB - Different irrigation scheduling methods and amounts of water ranging from deficit to excessive amounts were used in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) irrigation studies from 1988 to 1999, at Lubbock, TX. Irrigation scheduling treatments based on canopy temperature (T sub(c)) were emphasized in each year. Surface drip irrigation and recommended production practices for the area were used. The objective was to use the 12-year database to estimate the effect of irrigation and growing season temperature on cotton yield. Yields in the irrigation studies were then compared with those for the northwest Texas production region. An irrigation input of 58 cm or total water application of 74 cm was estimated to produce maximum lint yield. Sources of the total water supply for the maximum yielding treatments for each year averaged 74% from irrigation and 26% from rain. Lint yield response to irrigation up to the point of maximum yield was approximated as 11.4 kg ha super(-1) cm super(-1) of irrigation between the limits of 5 and 54 cm with lint yields ranging from 855 to 1630 kg ha super(-1). The intra-year maximum lint yield treatments were not limited by water input, and their inter-year range of 300 kg ha super(-1) was not correlated with the quantity of irrigation. The maximum lint yields were linearly related to monthly and seasonal heat units (HU) with significant regressions for July ( P=0.15 ), August ( P=0.07 ), and from May to September ( P=0.01 ). The fluctuation of maximum yearly lint yields and the response to HU in the irrigation studies were similar to the average yields in the surrounding production region. The rate of lint yield increase with HU was slightly higher in the irrigation studies than in the surrounding production area and was attributed to minimal water stress. Managing irrigation based on real-time measurements of T sub(c) produced maximum cotton yields without applying excessive irrigation. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Wanjura, D F AU - Upchurch AU - Mahan, J R AU - Burke, J J AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Stress and Water Conservation Research Laboratory, 3810 4th Street, 79415 Lubbock, TX USA Y1 - 2002/06/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 28 SP - 217 EP - 237 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - USA, Texas KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18370856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Cotton+yield+and+applied+water+relationships+under+drip+irrigation&rft.au=Wanjura%2C+D+F%3BUpchurch%3BMahan%2C+J+R%3BBurke%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Wanjura&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-28&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caffeine as a repellent for slugs and snails. AN - 71858188; 12087394 JF - Nature AU - Hollingsworth, Robert G AU - Armstrong, John W AU - Campbell, Earl AD - US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 4459, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA. rholling@pbarc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 27 SP - 915 EP - 916 VL - 417 IS - 6892 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Leaves -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Survival Rate KW - Myocardial Contraction -- drug effects KW - Action Potentials -- drug effects KW - Plant Leaves -- parasitology KW - Pesticides -- toxicity KW - Brassica -- parasitology KW - Snails -- drug effects KW - Caffeine -- administration & dosage KW - Caffeine -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Snails -- physiology KW - Pest Control -- methods KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71858188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Caffeine+as+a+repellent+for+slugs+and+snails.&rft.au=Hollingsworth%2C+Robert+G%3BArmstrong%2C+John+W%3BCampbell%2C+Earl&rft.aulast=Hollingsworth&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-06-27&rft.volume=417&rft.issue=6892&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Nature. 2003 Aug 7;424(6949):613 [12904758] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ubiquitination capabilities in response to neocarzinostatin and H(2)O(2) stress in cell lines from patients with ataxia-telangiectasia. AN - 71849286; 12080467 AB - The human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is due to lack of functional ATM, a protein kinase which is involved in cellular responses to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and possibly other oxidative stresses, as well as in regulation of several fundamental cellular functions. Studies regarding responses in A-T cells to the induction of DSBs utilize ionizing radiation or radiomimetic chemicals, such as neocarzinostatin (NCS), which induce DNA DSBs. This critical DNA lesion activates many defense systems, such as the cell cycle checkpoints. The cell cycle is also regulated through a timed and coordinated degradation of regulatory proteins via the ubiquitin pathway. Our recent studies indicate that the ubiquitin pathway is influenced by the cellular redox status and that it is the major cellular pathway for removal of oxidized proteins. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the absence of a functional ATM protein might involve perturbations to the ubiquitin pathway as well. We show here that upon treatment with NCS, there was a transient 50-70% increase in endogenous ubiquitin conjugates in A-T and wt lymphoblastoid cells. Ubiquitin conjugation capabilities per se and levels of substrates for conjugation were also similarly enhanced in wt and A-T cells upon NCS treatment. We also compared the ubiquitination response in A-T and wt cells using H(2)O(2) as the stress, in view of preexisting evidence of the effects of H(2)O(2) on ubiquitination capabilities in other types of cells. As with NCS treatment, there was an approximately 45% increase in endogenous ubiquitin conjugates by 2-4 h after exposure to H(2)O(2). Both cell types showed a rapid 50-150% increase in de novo formed 125I-ubiquitin conjugates. As compared with wt cells, unexposed A-T cells had higher endogenous levels of conjugates and enhanced conjugation capability. However, A-T cells mounted a more muted ubiquitination response to the stress. The enhanced ubiquitin conjugation in unstressed A-T cells and attenuated ability of these cells to respond to stress are consistent with the A-T cells being under oxidative stress and with their having an 'aged' phenotype. The indication that ubiquitin conjugate levels and ubiquitin conjugation capabilities are enhanced upon oxidative stress without significant changes in GSSG/GSH ratios indicates that assays of ubiquitination provide a sensitive measure of cellular stress. The data also add support to the impression that potentiated ubiquitination response to mild oxidative stress is a generalizable phenomenon. JF - Oncogene AU - Taylor, Allen AU - Shang, Fu AU - Nowell, Thomas AU - Galanty, Yaron AU - Shiloh, Yosef AD - JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. ataylor@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2002/06/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 27 SP - 4363 EP - 4373 VL - 21 IS - 28 SN - 0950-9232, 0950-9232 KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - Cell Cycle Proteins KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Oxidants KW - Tumor Suppressor Proteins KW - Ubiquitins KW - Zinostatin KW - 9014-02-2 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases KW - EC 2.3.2.27 KW - ATM protein, human KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - Ligases KW - EC 6.- KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects KW - Ubiquitins -- metabolism KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- pharmacology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Ataxia Telangiectasia -- metabolism KW - Ligases -- metabolism KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Ataxia Telangiectasia -- pathology KW - Zinostatin -- pharmacology KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71849286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Influence+of+a+riparian+wetland+on+nitrate+and+herbicides+exported+from+an+agricultural+field.&rft.au=Angier%2C+Jonathan+T%3BMcCarty%2C+Gregory+W%3BRice%2C+Clifford+P%3BBialek%2C+Krystyna&rft.aulast=Angier&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2002-07-17&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=4424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and validation of a tertiary simulation model for predicting the potential growth of Salmonella typhimurium on cooked chicken AN - 18426741; 5402288 AB - The growth of Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028) on the surface of autoclaved ground chicken breast and thigh burgers incubated at constant temperatures from 8 to 48 degree C in 2 degree C increments was investigated and modeled. Growth curves at each temperature were fit to a two-phase linear primary model to determine lag time ( lambda ) and specific growth rate ( mu ). Growth of S. typhimurium on breast and thigh meat was not different. Consequently, secondary models that predicted lag time and specific growth rate as a function of temperature were developed with the combined data for breat and thigh meat. Five secondary models for lag time and three secondary models for specific growth rate were compared. A new version of the hyperbola model and a cardinal temperature model were selected as the best secondary models for lag time and specific groth rate, respectively. The secondary models were combined in a computer spreadsheet to create a tertiary simulation model that predicted the potential growth (log sub(10) increase) of S. typhimurium on cooked chicken as a function of time and temperature. Probability distributions and simulation were used in the tertiary model to model the secondary model parameters and the times and temperatures of abuse. The outputs of the tertiary model were validated (prediction bias of -4% for lambda and 1% for mu and prediction accuracy of 10% for lambda and 8% for mu ) and integrated with a previously developed risk assessment model for Salmonella. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Oscar, T P AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, 1124 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA, toscar@mail.umes.edu Y1 - 2002/06/25/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 25 SP - 177 EP - 190 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - chicken KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18426741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+and+validation+of+a+tertiary+simulation+model+for+predicting+the+potential+growth+of+Salmonella+typhimurium+on+cooked+chicken&rft.au=Oscar%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Oscar&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-25&rft.volume=1576&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of anthraquinone in technical material, formulations, and lettuce by high performance liquid chromatography. AN - 71807321; 12059136 AB - Foraging on lettuce seeds and seedlings by horned larks (Eremophila alpestris) causes millions of dollars in losses to the California lettuce crop annually. Anthraquinone (AQ; 9,10-anthracenedione) has been shown to deter pest birds from consuming the seeds and seedlings of several plant species and was evaluated as a repellent to horned larks when applied to lettuce seedlings. A set of analytical methods using simple liquid extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis were developed for the quantitation of AQ as technical material, as an active ingredient in a commercial formulation, and as a residue in lettuce plants. The methods were easy, reliable, and repeatable. AQ recoveries from control formulation fortified to concentrations of either 24 or 600 mg g(-)(1) were 99 (+/-1.2%) and 98% (+/-1.2%), respectively, with a control formulation method limit of detection (MLOD) of 0.50 mg g(-)(1). Control lettuce tissues from three growth stages were AQ-fortified to concentrations of 0.50 and 500 microg g(-)(1). The resulting AQ recoveries for the two fortification levels were 99 (+/-8.5) and 89% (+/-1.5%) for 11 day old seedlings, 95 (+/-2.6%) and 86% (2.1%) for 16 day old plants, and 92 (+/-1.4%) and 93% (+/-1.1%) for adult head lettuce cover leaves, respectively. The MLODs for the same three lettuce tissues were 0.055, 0.058, and 0.077 microg g(-)(1), respectively. These methods were used to quantify AQ residues from field-grown, treated lettuce and associated fortified quality control samples. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Mauldin, Richard E AU - Primus, Thomas M AU - Volz, Stephanie A AU - Kimball, Bruce A AU - Johnston, John J AU - Cummings, John L AU - York, Darryl L AD - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, 4101 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521-2154, USA. richard.e.mauldin@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 19 SP - 3632 EP - 3636 VL - 50 IS - 13 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Anthraquinones KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Plant Extracts KW - Solutions KW - 9,10-anthraquinone KW - 030MS0JBDO KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Linear Models KW - Quality Control KW - Plant Extracts -- analysis KW - Anthraquinones -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Lettuce -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71807321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+N-terminal+autoinhibition+in+the+Arabidopsis+Ca%282%2B%29%2FH%28%2B%29+antiporter+CAX1.&rft.au=Pittman%2C+Jon+K%3BShigaki%2C+Toshiro%3BCheng%2C+Ning-Hui%3BHirschi%2C+Kendal+D&rft.aulast=Pittman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=2002-07-19&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=29&rft.spage=26452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissipation of the defoliant tribufos in cotton-producing soils. AN - 71806668; 12059162 AB - Soil dissipation of the cotton defoliant tribufos was measured in laboratory incubations and on 0.2-ha research plots. Computed 50% dissipation time (DT(50)) using nonlinear and linear kinetic models ranged from 1 to 19 days. Data indicated that exchangeable soil aluminum inhibited tribufos-degrading soil organisms. Nevertheless, measured DT(50) values were 40 to 700 times less than the aerobic soil half-life (t(1/2)) values used in recent tribufos risk assessments. DT(50) values suggest that risk estimates were overstated. However, edge-of-field runoff concentrations measured on research plots exceeded invertebrate LOECs, thus some aquatic risk is indicated. Field data also suggested that volatilization may be a significant soil dissipation pathway. From this result, we conclude that volatilization should be included in simulation models used for pesticide registration. This will likely improve the accuracy of model outputs for products such as tribufos. Potential volatilization losses indicate a need to evaluate the atmospheric behavior of tribufos. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Potter, Thomas L AU - Reddy, Krishna N AU - Millhollen, Eddie P AU - Bednarz, Craig W AU - Bosch, David D AU - Truman, Clint C AU - Strickland, Timothy AD - Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Tifton, Georgia, USA. tpotter@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 2002/06/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 19 SP - 3795 EP - 3802 VL - 50 IS - 13 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Agrochemicals KW - 0 KW - Defoliants, Chemical KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Organothiophosphates KW - Soil KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - butyl phosphorotrithioate KW - 78-48-8 KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Index Medicus KW - Water -- analysis KW - Agrochemicals -- analysis KW - Kinetics KW - Aluminum -- pharmacology KW - Volatilization KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Agrochemicals -- chemistry KW - Agrochemicals -- metabolism KW - Defoliants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Gossypium -- growth & development KW - Defoliants, Chemical -- chemistry KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Organothiophosphates -- chemistry KW - Organothiophosphates -- metabolism KW - Organothiophosphates -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71806668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Dissipation+of+the+defoliant+tribufos+in+cotton-producing+soils.&rft.au=Potter%2C+Thomas+L%3BReddy%2C+Krishna+N%3BMillhollen%2C+Eddie+P%3BBednarz%2C+Craig+W%3BBosch%2C+David+D%3BTruman%2C+Clint+C%3BStrickland%2C+Timothy&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2002-06-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Operational snowmelt runoff forecasting in the Spanish Pyrenees using the snowmelt runoff model AN - 18583441; 5412128 AB - The snowmelt runoff model (SRM) is used to simulate and forecast the daily discharge of several basins of the Spanish Pyrenees. We describe a method for snow mapping using NOAA-AVHRR data and a procedure to estimate retrospectively the accumulated snow water equivalent volume with the SRM. A linear combination of NOAA channels 1 and 2 is used to obtain a snow cover image in which the product is the percentage of the snow-covered area in each pixel. Real-time snowmelt forecasts are generated with the SRM using area snow cover as an input variable. Even in basins with a total absence of historical discharge and meteorological data, the SRM provides an estimation of the daily snowmelt discharge. By integrating the forecasted streamflow over the recession streamflow, snowmelt volume is obtained as a function of time. This function converges asymptotically to the net stored volume of water equivalent of the snowpack. Plotting this integral as a function of time, it is possible to estimate for each basin both the melted snow water equivalent (SWE) and the SWE remaining in storage at any point in the snowmelt season Spanish hydropower companies are using results from the SRM to improve water resource management. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Gomez-Landesa, E AU - Rango, A AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA, elandesa@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2002/06/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 15 SP - 1583 EP - 1591 VL - 16 IS - 8 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Spain, Pyrenees Mts. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Q2 02171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18583441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Health+of+forests+and+grasslands+could+be+slipping+away+under+your+feet%21&rft.au=Keely%2C+J&rft.aulast=Keely&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant species dominance at a grassland-shrubland ecotone: an individual-based gap dynamics model of herbaceous and woody species AN - 18444824; 5418397 AB - Transition zones or ecotones between biomes are predicted to be particularly sensitive areas to directional changes in climate. However, for many ecotones, there is little understanding of the key processes that allow dominant species from adjacent biomes to coexist at transition zones and how differences in these processes affect species responses to changes in environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between plant life history traits and patterns in dominance and composition at a grassland-shrubland transition zone in order to predict shifts in dominance with directional changes in climate. It was hypothesized that differences in life history traits allow species from adjacent biomes to coexist at this transition zone, and that these dominance patterns are dynamic through time as a result of species-specific responses to changes in climate. A mixed lifeform individual plant-based gap dynamics model (ECOTONE) was developed to examine consequences of differences in recruitment, resource acquisition, and mortality to patterns in species dominance and composition under a variety of soils and climatic conditions. This model is unique because it represents interactions among multiple potential dominant species that include congeneric species of one lifeform as well as herbaceous and woody lifeforms across multiple spatial scales. Similar to other gap models, ECOTONE simulates the recruitment, growth, and mortality of individual plants on a small plot through time at an annual timestep. ECOTONE differs from other gap models in the degree of detail involved in determining successful recruitment by each species and in the simulation of belowground resources. Individual plant root distributions and resource availability by depth are dynamic. Soil water content is simulated on a daily timestep and nitrogen is simulated monthly. Multiple spatial scales can be simulated using a grid of plots connected by seed dispersal. ECOTONE was parameterized for two soil types at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (SEV), a site located within the transition zone between two major biomes in North America. Shortgrass steppe communities are dominated by the perennial grass Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama) and Chihuahuan desert communities are dominated by the perennial grass Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama) or the shrub Larrea tridentata (creosotebush). Experiments were conducted to provide key parameters related to recruitment and growth that were supplemented with information from the literature for remaining parameters. Model output was verified using field estimates of cover and biomass for the three dominant species as well as other groups of species. Simulation analyses were conducted under current climate and for a directional change in climate. Nitrogen was assumed constant for all runs to allow a focus on water availability constraints as affected by climate. Under current climatic conditions, simulated biomass on sandy loam soils was dominated by B. eriopoda with smaller biomass of B. gracilis and other species groups. By contrast, simulated biomass on a loamy sand soil was codominated by B. eriopoda and L. tridentata with very small biomass attributed to other species groups. Under a GFDL climate change scenario of increased year-round temperatures and increased summer precipitation, vegetation patterns shifted to a clear dominance of biomass by B. eriopoda on both soil types. These results show that temporal partitioning of soil water is important to codominance by the two Bouteloua species, and that spatial and temporal partitioning of soil water is important for grass-shrub interactions. The results also suggest that global climate change may provide a mechanism for the recovery of B. eriopoda following shrub invasion in the Southwestern U.S. Thus, an individual-based modeling approach is capable of representing complex interactions among herbaceous and woody species as well as between congeneric species with different life history traits at a biome transition zone. This modeling approach is useful in improving our understanding of key processes driving these vegetation dynamics as well in predicting shifts in dominance as environmental conditions change in the future. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Peters, DPC AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range, Box 30003, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0003, USA, debpeter@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2002/06/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 15 SP - 5 EP - 32 VL - 152 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18444824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Plant+species+dominance+at+a+grassland-shrubland+ecotone%3A+an+individual-based+gap+dynamics+model+of+herbaceous+and+woody+species&rft.au=Peters%2C+DPC&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=DPC&rft.date=2002-06-15&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic method development for determination of fungicide epoxiconazole enantiomers by achiral and chiral column switching technique in water and soil. AN - 71943262; 12141539 AB - High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in both chiral isocratic and achiral-chiral column switching mode was employed for optimization of separation conditions, separation and determination of fungicide epoxiconazole in real samples. Two enantiomers of commercially available triazole fungicide epoxiconazole (BAS 480 F), first registered in 1993, were resolved for the first time on a microcrystalline cellulose triacetate (MCTA). A low-cost home-packed chiral column (150x3 mm, 15-25 microm, MCTA, Merck) enabled baseline enantiomeric resolution of two enantiomers of the fungicide epoxiconazole produced commercially. The effects of concentration of organic modifiers (methanol, ethanol) in mobile phase, flow-rate and temperature were studied. The isocratic chiral HPLC method allows determination of the enantiomers in tap and surface water within the range 1-1000 mg/l by direct injection (20 microl) of the sample. Using the achiral (C18)-chiral (MCTA) column-switching technique and 1-ml sample volume, injection of 0.050 mg/l of epoxiconazole enantiomers can be conveniently determined by UV detection at 230 nm. The same method applied to methanolic soil extracts allows determination of 0.2 mg/kg of epoxiconazole enantiomers in addition to the other 10 commonly used pesticides in fortified soils. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Hutta, M AU - Rybár, I AU - Chalányová, M AD - Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. hutta@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/06/14/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 14 SP - 143 EP - 152 VL - 959 IS - 1-2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - 0 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Triazoles KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - epoxiconazole KW - 133855-98-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Reference Standards KW - Calibration KW - Epoxy Compounds -- analysis KW - Triazoles -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71943262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+method+development+for+determination+of+fungicide+epoxiconazole+enantiomers+by+achiral+and+chiral+column+switching+technique+in+water+and+soil.&rft.au=Hutta%2C+M%3BRyb%C3%A1r%2C+I%3BChal%C3%A1nyov%C3%A1%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hutta&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-06-14&rft.volume=959&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promoter elements in the aflatoxin pathway polyketide synthase gene. AN - 71715258; 12031498 AB - PksA catalyzes the formation of the polyketide backbone necessary for aflatoxin biosynthesis. Based on reporter assays and sequence comparisons of the nor1-pksA intergenic region in different aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species, cis-acting elements for the aflatoxin pathway-specific regulatory protein, AflR, and the global-acting regulatory proteins BrlA and PacC are involved in pksA promoter activity. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Ehrlich, Kenneth C AU - Montalbano, Beverly G AU - Cary, Jeffrey W AU - Cotty, Peter J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 19687, 1100 R.E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. erlich@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/07/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 07 SP - 171 EP - 175 VL - 1576 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - AFLR protein, Aspergillus KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxins KW - BRLA protein, Emericella nidulans KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - PacC protein, Aspergillus KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Base Sequence KW - Nuclear Proteins -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Binding Sites KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- metabolism KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71715258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Promoter+elements+in+the+aflatoxin+pathway+polyketide+synthase+gene.&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+Kenneth+C%3BMontalbano%2C+Beverly+G%3BCary%2C+Jeffrey+W%3BCotty%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2002-06-07&rft.volume=1576&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer chemopreventive and antioxidant activities of pterostilbene, a naturally occurring analogue of resveratrol. AN - 71722067; 12033810 AB - Pterostilbene, a natural methoxylated analogue of resveratrol, was evaluated for antioxidative potential. The peroxyl-radical scavenging activity of pterostilbene was the same as that of resveratrol, having total reactive antioxidant potentials of 237 +/- 58 and 253 +/- 53 microM, respectively. Both compounds were found to be more effective than Trolox as free radical scavengers. Using a plant system, pterostilbene also was shown to be as effective as resveratrol in inhibiting electrolyte leakage caused by herbicide-induced oxidative damage, and both compounds had the same activity as alpha-tocopherol. Pterostilbene showed moderate inhibition (IC50 = 19.8 microM) of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, and was weakly active (IC50 = 83.9 microM) against COX-2, whereas resveratrol strongly inhibited both isoforms of the enzyme with IC50 values of approximately 1 microM. Using a mouse mammary organ culture model, carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions were, similarly to resveratrol, significantly inhibited by pterostilbene (ED50 = 4.8 microM), suggesting antioxidant activity plays an important role in this process. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Rimando, Agnes M AU - Cuendet, Muriel AU - Desmarchelier, Cristian AU - Mehta, Rajendra G AU - Pezzuto, John M AU - Duke, Stephen O AD - Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 8048, University, Mississippi 38677, USA. arimando@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 05 SP - 3453 EP - 3457 VL - 50 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors KW - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors KW - Isoenzymes KW - Peroxides KW - Phenols KW - Stilbenes KW - Singlet Oxygen KW - 17778-80-2 KW - pterostilbene KW - 26R60S6A5I KW - perhydroxyl radical KW - 3170-83-0 KW - Cyclooxygenase 1 KW - EC 1.14.99.1 KW - Cyclooxygenase 2 KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases KW - resveratrol KW - Q369O8926L KW - Index Medicus KW - Isoenzymes -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Cucumis -- chemistry KW - Peroxides -- chemistry KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control KW - Organ Culture Techniques KW - Singlet Oxygen -- chemistry KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Stilbenes -- pharmacology KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71722067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Cancer+chemopreventive+and+antioxidant+activities+of+pterostilbene%2C+a+naturally+occurring+analogue+of+resveratrol.&rft.au=Rimando%2C+Agnes+M%3BCuendet%2C+Muriel%3BDesmarchelier%2C+Cristian%3BMehta%2C+Rajendra+G%3BPezzuto%2C+John+M%3BDuke%2C+Stephen+O&rft.aulast=Rimando&rft.aufirst=Agnes&rft.date=2002-06-05&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymerase chain reaction detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium avium organisms in formalin-fixed tissues from culture-negative ruminants AN - 18416805; 5403804 AB - In the US eradication program for bovine tuberculosis, a definitive diagnosis depends on the isolation of Mycobacterium bovis. However, in some cases bacterial culture is unsuccessful, even though the tissue is considered suspicious by histopathology because granulomatous lesions and acid-fast organisms are present. The purpose of this study was to determine if polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests on formalin-fixed tissue would successfully identify the organisms observed in suspect lesions from culture-negative animals. Diagnostic laboratory records were used to select paraffin blocks of tissue from 102 ruminants that had suspect microscopic lesions but no bacterial isolation. Sections from these blocks were examined with PCR primers for IS6110 to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection, or with 16S ribosomal RNA and IS900 primers for detection of Mycobacterium avium. The PCR tests successfully identified a mycobacterial infection in 58 of 102 tissues, including 41 M. tuberculosis complex and 17 M. avium (11 subspecies paratuberculosis). These results demonstrate that PCR testing of formalin-fixed tissue, in combination with bacterial culture, may increase the effectiveness of laboratory diagnostic efforts to detect and identify the most common mycobacterial diseases of ruminants. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Miller, J M AU - Jenny, AL AU - Payeur, J B AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, jmiller@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 05 SP - 15 EP - 23 VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - cattle KW - detection KW - formalin-fixed tissues KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18416805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Polymerase+chain+reaction+detection+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+complex+and+Mycobacterium+avium+organisms+in+formalin-fixed+tissues+from+culture-negative+ruminants&rft.au=Miller%2C+J+M%3BJenny%2C+AL%3BPayeur%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-05&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vegetation's role in catchment and riparian function AN - 39626687; 3671917 AU - Winward, A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39626687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Conundrum+of+securing+water+quantities+on+federal+lands&rft.au=Collette%2C+M&rft.aulast=Collette&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of previous grazing in pastures on livestock distribution and nutrition AN - 39624180; 3671815 AU - Ganskopp, D AU - Bohnert, D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39624180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+previous+grazing+in+pastures+on+livestock+distribution+and+nutrition&rft.au=Ganskopp%2C+D%3BBohnert%2C+D&rft.aulast=Ganskopp&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Altered precipitation regimes in tallgrass prairie: Net ecosystem carbon exchange AN - 39624132; 3671773 AU - Derner, J D AU - Wilsey, B J AU - Hickman, K R AU - Polley, W AU - Johnson, H B AU - Tischler, C R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39624132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=River+patrol+programs%3A+A+field+perspective+from+river+rangers&rft.au=Miller%2C+B&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Forage grasses released by the bismarck plant materials center and partners AN - 39624007; 3671766 AU - Tober, DA AU - Printz, J L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39624007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Forage+grasses+released+by+the+bismarck+plant+materials+center+and+partners&rft.au=Tober%2C+DA%3BPrintz%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Tober&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - System dimensions: Extent of vegetation classes, land use, and fragmentation AN - 39554265; 3671981 AU - Mitchell, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39554265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=System+dimensions%3A+Extent+of+vegetation+classes%2C+land+use%2C+and+fragmentation&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+J&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using state and transition models to predict and mitigate the impacts of global change: Biological invasions AN - 39554210; 3671937 AU - Brown, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39554210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+state+and+transition+models+to+predict+and+mitigate+the+impacts+of+global+change%3A+Biological+invasions&rft.au=Brown%2C+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Stream channel and hydrology considerations in grazing management AN - 39554119; 3671916 AU - Staats, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39554119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Stream+channel+and+hydrology+considerations+in+grazing+management&rft.au=Staats%2C+J&rft.aulast=Staats&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Infra range - An oracle-based tabular and spatial rangeland application AN - 39551493; 3671813 AU - Herman, D J AU - Suazo, R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39551493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Infra+range+-+An+oracle-based+tabular+and+spatial+rangeland+application&rft.au=Herman%2C+D+J%3BSuazo%2C+R&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of two techniques for monitoring vegetation on military lands AN - 39551390; 3671781 AU - Prosser, C W AU - Skinner, K AU - Sedivec, K K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39551390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+two+techniques+for+monitoring+vegetation+on+military+lands&rft.au=Prosser%2C+C+W%3BSkinner%2C+K%3BSedivec%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Prosser&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Restoration efforts in winter fat communities AN - 39551357; 3671765 AU - Clements, C D AU - Young, JA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39551357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Restoration+efforts+in+winter+fat+communities&rft.au=Clements%2C+C+D%3BYoung%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Response of cool-season perennial grasses to clipping in the southern plains AN - 39551193; 3671707 AU - Gillen, R L AU - Berg, WA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39551193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Response+of+cool-season+perennial+grasses+to+clipping+in+the+southern+plains&rft.au=Gillen%2C+R+L%3BBerg%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Gillen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Combined enzyme/ultrasound bio-preparation of greige cotton AN - 39541065; 3673526 AU - Yachmenev, V AU - Bertoniere, N AU - Blanchard, E AU - Lambert, A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39541065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Combined+enzyme%2Fultrasound+bio-preparation+of+greige+cotton&rft.au=Yachmenev%2C+V%3BBertoniere%2C+N%3BBlanchard%2C+E%3BLambert%2C+A&rft.aulast=Yachmenev&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Georgia, Dept. of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA 30602-1619, USA; URL: guallart.dac.uga.edu/JEA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Processing of flax fibers using enzyme formulations AN - 39539002; 3673489 AU - Akin, DE AU - Evans, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39539002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Processing+of+flax+fibers+using+enzyme+formulations&rft.au=Akin%2C+DE%3BEvans%2C+J&rft.aulast=Akin&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Georgia, Dept. of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA 30602-1619, USA; URL: guallart.dac.uga.edu/JEA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Grazing livestock in savanna ecosystems AN - 39528502; 3671935 AU - Martin, P Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39528502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+coupled+enzyme+assay+for+the+measurement+of+alternanase+activity&rft.au=Ahlgren%2C+JA%3BCote%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Ahlgren&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Initial impacts of overgrazing on carbon dioxide flux on a southern mixed-grass prairie AN - 39528218; 3671990 AU - Sims, P L AU - Bradford, JA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39528218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+a+landslide-induced+sediment+wave+in+the+Navarro+River%2C+California&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+D+G%3BBall%2C+M+H%3BHilton%2C+S+J%3BLisle%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1036&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167606&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Managing rangelands: Implications of a paradigm shift in the ecology of arid and semi-arid ecosystems AN - 39528123; 3671942 AU - Joyce, L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39528123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Managing+rangelands%3A+Implications+of+a+paradigm+shift+in+the+ecology+of+arid+and+semi-arid+ecosystems&rft.au=Joyce%2C+L&rft.aulast=Joyce&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Salinization, water management and policy AN - 39526756; 3673825 AU - Suarez, D AU - Tripetchkul, S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Salinization%2C+water+management+and+policy&rft.au=Suarez%2C+D%3BTripetchkul%2C+S&rft.aulast=Suarez&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 17th WCSS Office, Kasetsart University, P.O. Box 1048, Bangkok, 10903, Thailand; phone: 662-940-5787; fax: 662-940-5788; email: o.sfst@nontri.ku.ac.th; URL: www.17wcss.ku.ac.th. Paper No. 34 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Addressing watershed impairments following natural disasters - Managing user conflicts AN - 39526295; 3671501 AU - Hinton, MJ Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Addressing+watershed+impairments+following+natural+disasters+-+Managing+user+conflicts&rft.au=Hinton%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Lake Management Society, P.O. Box 5443, 4513 Vernon Blvd., Suite 100, Madison, WI 53705-0443, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development native plants for restoration of the great basin AN - 39526245; 3671880 AU - Monsen, S AU - Shaw, N Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=American+White+Pelican+Soaring+Flight+Times+And+Altitudes+Relative+To+Changes+In+Thermal+Depth+And+Intensity&rft.au=Shannon%2C+H+D%3BYoung%2C+G+S%3BYates%2C+MA%3BFuller%2C+M+R%3BSeegar%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Shannon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0010-5422%282002%29104%280679%3AAWPSFT%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hyperspectral in situ determination of forage quality AN - 39526053; 3671784 AU - Starks, P J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hyperspectral+in+situ+determination+of+forage+quality&rft.au=Starks%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Starks&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Tiller replacement of grazed intermediate wheatgrass at different phenologies AN - 39526013; 3671777 AU - Hendrickson, J R AU - Berdahl, J D AU - Karn, J F AU - Liebig, MA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39526013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Tiller+replacement+of+grazed+intermediate+wheatgrass+at+different+phenologies&rft.au=Hendrickson%2C+J+R%3BBerdahl%2C+J+D%3BKarn%2C+J+F%3BLiebig%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Hendrickson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - 80 years of vegetation and landscape changes in the northern great plains AN - 39525793; 3671786 AU - Klement, K D AU - Heitschmidt, R K AU - Kay, CE Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39525793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Defining+phases+of+bedload+transport+using+piecewise+regression&rft.au=Ryan%2C+SE%3BPorth%2C+L+S%3BTroendle%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.387 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fluvial transport of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates from upland, fishless headwaters to downstream, fish-bearing habitats in Southeast Alaska AN - 39523937; 3677353 AU - Wipfli AU - Piccolo, J J AU - Musslewhite, J AU - Gregovich, D P Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39523937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Carbon+Dioxide+Enrichment+on+Leaf+Chemistry+and+Reproduction+by+Twospotted+Spider+Mites+%28Acari%3A+Tetranychidae%29+on+White+Clover&rft.au=Heagle%2C+A+S%3BBurns%2C+J+C%3BFisher%2C+D+S%3BMiller%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Heagle&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=594&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282002%29031%280594%3AEOCDEO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biological control of big sagebrush by two aphid species AN - 39522835; 3671824 AU - Murray, JE AU - Scott, J M Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biological+control+of+big+sagebrush+by+two+aphid+species&rft.au=Murray%2C+JE%3BScott%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using handheld computers to gather and analyze rangeland inventory data AN - 39522653; 3671779 AU - Petersen, E A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+handheld+computers+to+gather+and+analyze+rangeland+inventory+data&rft.au=Petersen%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Light distribution in mesic grasslands: Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics AN - 39522598; 3671748 AU - Derner, J D AU - Wu, X B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behaviour+Change&rft.atitle=An+efficacy+trial%3A+Positive+parenting+program+for+parents+of+teenagers&rft.au=Salari%2C+Raziye%3BRalph%2C+Alan%3BSanders%2C+Matthew+R.&rft.aulast=Salari&rft.aufirst=Raziye&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behaviour+Change&rft.issn=08134839&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2Fbec.2013.31 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - GLCI and grazing lands research AN - 39522551; 3671737 AU - Mayeux, H Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39522551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=GLCI+and+grazing+lands+research&rft.au=Mayeux%2C+H&rft.aulast=Mayeux&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+for+Specialists+in+Group+Work&rft.issn=01933922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Managing Canada Geese in urban environments AN - 39521193; 3671470 AU - Schellinger, B L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39521193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behaviour+Change&rft.atitle=An+efficacy+trial%3A+Positive+parenting+program+for+parents+of+teenagers&rft.au=Salari%2C+Raziye%3BRalph%2C+Alan%3BSanders%2C+Matthew+R.&rft.aulast=Salari&rft.aufirst=Raziye&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behaviour+Change&rft.issn=08134839&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2Fbec.2013.31 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Lake Management Society, P.O. Box 5443, 4513 Vernon Blvd., Suite 100, Madison, WI 53705-0443, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Demand for forest resources and the role of hybridization in meeting pulp, fiber, and energy needs from both stand and landscape perspectives AN - 39520701; 3674184 AU - Riemenschneider, D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39520701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Demand+for+forest+resources+and+the+role+of+hybridization+in+meeting+pulp%2C+fiber%2C+and+energy+needs+from+both+stand+and+landscape+perspectives&rft.au=Riemenschneider%2C+D&rft.aulast=Riemenschneider&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association of Southeastern Biologists, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA; fax: 828-262-2127; URL: www.asb.appstate.edu/63rdmeeting.htm. Paper No. 180 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New opportunities in Vigna AN - 39512615; 3682378 AU - Fery, R L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39512615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+opportunities+in+Vigna&rft.au=Fery%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Fery&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Silva-pastoral savanna research AN - 39511306; 3671934 AU - Straight, R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39511306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Silva-pastoral+savanna+research&rft.au=Straight%2C+R&rft.aulast=Straight&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Federal and state programs to offset costs of savanna restoration AN - 39509885; 3671932 AU - Schroeppel, B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39509885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Federal+and+state+programs+to+offset+costs+of+savanna+restoration&rft.au=Schroeppel%2C+B&rft.aulast=Schroeppel&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rangeland professionals and policy development in the United States AN - 39509257; 3671857 AU - Butler, L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39509257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rangeland+professionals+and+policy+development+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Butler%2C+L&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nutritional composition of selected invasive species AN - 39509207; 3671834 AU - Prosser, C W AU - Sedivec, K K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39509207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nutritional+composition+of+selected+invasive+species&rft.au=Prosser%2C+C+W%3BSedivec%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Prosser&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Establishment of Eastern Gamagrass using primed seed AN - 39508166; 3671899 AU - Row, J M AU - Fick, W H Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39508166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetic+Resources+and+Crop+Evolution&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+USDA+Poa+pratensis+collection+using+RAPD+markers+and+agronomic+descriptors&rft.au=Johnson%2C+R+C%3BJohnston%2C+W+J%3BGolob%2C+C+T%3BNelson%2C+M+C%3BSoreng%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genetic+Resources+and+Crop+Evolution&rft.issn=09259864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Soil, vegetation correlation, what is it, & how does it work? AN - 39508129; 3671898 AU - Wolfe, RHC AU - Blake, E Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39508129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Soil%2C+vegetation+correlation%2C+what+is+it%2C+%26amp%3B+how+does+it+work%3F&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+RHC%3BBlake%2C+E&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=RHC&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Brassica elongata: A new invasive species in the great basin AN - 39508070; 3671892 AU - Young, JA AU - Clements, C D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39508070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Effect+of+agricultural+activities+on+the+mineralogy+of+soil+clays&rft.au=Fialips%2C+C+I%3BRighi%2C+D%3BPotter%2C+K+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Fialips&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=15A&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Investigations of potential ways to improve leafy spurge control by livestock AN - 39508043; 3671890 AU - Kronberg, S L AU - Grove, A V AU - Faller, T C AU - Sedivec, K K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39508043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Investigations+of+potential+ways+to+improve+leafy+spurge+control+by+livestock&rft.au=Kronberg%2C+S+L%3BGrove%2C+A+V%3BFaller%2C+T+C%3BSedivec%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=Kronberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Transfer of marine-derived nitrogen and phosphorus from stream to riparian forest via hyporheic flows AN - 39505847; 3677555 AU - Edwards, R T AU - O"Keefe, TC Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39505847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+marine-derived+nitrogen+and+phosphorus+from+stream+to+riparian+forest+via+hyporheic+flows&rft.au=Edwards%2C+R+T%3BO%22Keefe%2C+TC&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Initial bigfoot project assessment of MODIS-derived-surfaces related to the global carbon cycle AN - 39505569; 3675091 AU - Cohen, W Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39505569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Initial+bigfoot+project+assessment+of+MODIS-derived-surfaces+related+to+the+global+carbon+cycle&rft.au=Cohen%2C+W&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Society for Photogammetry and Remote Sensing, URL: www.isprs.org. Paper No. TS-34.1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of channel morphology on hyporheic zones in mountain streams AN - 39505388; 3677484 AU - Wondzell, S M AU - Kasahara, T Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39505388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.atitle=What+about+upwind+buffer+zones+for+aerial+applications%3F&rft.au=Kirk%2C+L+W%3BTeske%2C+M+E%3BThistle%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+safety+and+health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Carbon and nitrogen distribution along hydrologic-redox potential gradients in two riparian meadows, Northeast Oregon AN - 39503167; 3677088 AU - Dwire, KA AU - Brookshire, E J AU - Kauffman, J B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39503167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Carbon+and+nitrogen+distribution+along+hydrologic-redox+potential+gradients+in+two+riparian+meadows%2C+Northeast+Oregon&rft.au=Dwire%2C+KA%3BBrookshire%2C+E+J%3BKauffman%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Dwire&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of the timing and intensity of sheep grazing on grasshopper populations AN - 39499945; 3671828 AU - Branson, D H AU - Haferkamp, M R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+the+timing+and+intensity+of+sheep+grazing+on+grasshopper+populations&rft.au=Branson%2C+D+H%3BHaferkamp%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Branson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spatial variability in the production of herbaceous biomass by a southern tallgrass prairie in Oklahoma AN - 39499633; 3671783 AU - Northup, B K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spatial+variability+in+the+production+of+herbaceous+biomass+by+a+southern+tallgrass+prairie+in+Oklahoma&rft.au=Northup%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Northup&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Florida grazing issues working group - A public/private partnership: Highlights of the grazing leases workshop AN - 39499542; 3671758 AU - Healy, B S AU - Jolley, JA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Florida+grazing+issues+working+group+-+A+public%2Fprivate+partnership%3A+Highlights+of+the+grazing+leases+workshop&rft.au=Healy%2C+B+S%3BJolley%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - PLANTS: A database for plant information on the world wide web AN - 39499490; 3671750 AU - Henson, J F AU - Harward, K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=PLANTS%3A+A+database+for+plant+information+on+the+world+wide+web&rft.au=Henson%2C+J+F%3BHarward%2C+K&rft.aulast=Henson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using population viability analysis (PVA) to evaluate livestock management strategies on a threatened orchid AN - 39499347; 3671995 AU - Sieg, CH AU - King, R M AU - Miller, P S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+population+viability+analysis+%28PVA%29+to+evaluate+livestock+management+strategies+on+a+threatened+orchid&rft.au=Sieg%2C+CH%3BKing%2C+R+M%3BMiller%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Sieg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Oilseeds AN - 39498685; 3682352 AU - Gesch, R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39498685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Oilseeds&rft.au=Gesch%2C+R&rft.aulast=Gesch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of satellite telemetry in Alaska for improving reindeer range management AN - 39497146; 3671814 AU - Swanson, J D AU - Sonnen, K L AU - Finstad, G L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39497146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+satellite+telemetry+in+Alaska+for+improving+reindeer+range+management&rft.au=Swanson%2C+J+D%3BSonnen%2C+K+L%3BFinstad%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wear tolerance evaluation of vegetation for erosion control AN - 39497026; 3671771 AU - Bruckerhoff, S B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39497026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wear+tolerance+evaluation+of+vegetation+for+erosion+control&rft.au=Bruckerhoff%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Bruckerhoff&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Intraspecific variability in thermal response of primed and nonprimed seeds of bottlebrush squirreltail AN - 39496972; 3671767 AU - Hardegree, S P AU - Jones, T A AU - Van Vactor, SS Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39496972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Intraspecific+variability+in+thermal+response+of+primed+and+nonprimed+seeds+of+bottlebrush+squirreltail&rft.au=Hardegree%2C+S+P%3BJones%2C+T+A%3BVan+Vactor%2C+SS&rft.aulast=Hardegree&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Contrasting responses of invasive annual and native perennial grasses to soil nitrogen form and availability: Seedling establishment and growth AN - 39496924; 3671754 AU - Monaco, T A AU - Johnson, DA AU - Norton, J M AU - Jones, T A AU - Connors, K J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39496924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Contrasting+responses+of+invasive+annual+and+native+perennial+grasses+to+soil+nitrogen+form+and+availability%3A+Seedling+establishment+and+growth&rft.au=Monaco%2C+T+A%3BJohnson%2C+DA%3BNorton%2C+J+M%3BJones%2C+T+A%3BConnors%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Monaco&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation and interpretation of soil biological data and plant communities for selected sites in Nevada AN - 39496872; 3671752 AU - Franks, C D AU - Samson-Liebig, SE AU - Goings, KA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39496872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+interpretation+of+soil+biological+data+and+plant+communities+for+selected+sites+in+Nevada&rft.au=Franks%2C+C+D%3BSamson-Liebig%2C+SE%3BGoings%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Franks&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282002%29095%280682%3ACOPAIC%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Don't give up on seeding antelope bitterbrush AN - 39496596; 3671708 AU - Clements, C D AU - Young, JA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39496596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Don%27t+give+up+on+seeding+antelope+bitterbrush&rft.au=Clements%2C+C+D%3BYoung%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rangeland revegetation genetics AN - 39495148; 3671696 AU - McArthur, ED AU - Sanderson, S C Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39495148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rangeland+revegetation+genetics&rft.au=McArthur%2C+ED%3BSanderson%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=McArthur&rft.aufirst=ED&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Micro-quantification of latex yield in living guayule using scanning electron microscopy AN - 39493374; 3682475 AU - Cornish, K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39493374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Micro-quantification+of+latex+yield+in+living+guayule+using+scanning+electron+microscopy&rft.au=Cornish%2C+K&rft.aulast=Cornish&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Seasonal effects on guayule latex content and yield AN - 39493330; 3682472 AU - Nakayama, F S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39493330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Seasonal+effects+on+guayule+latex+content+and+yield&rft.au=Nakayama%2C+F+S&rft.aulast=Nakayama&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of stream size and riparian composition on terrestrial prey for rainbow trout AN - 39489939; 3677356 AU - Johnson, S L AU - Li, J L AU - Li, H W AU - Frady, CH AU - Brookshire, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39489939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+stream+size+and+riparian+composition+on+terrestrial+prey+for+rainbow+trout&rft.au=Johnson%2C+S+L%3BLi%2C+J+L%3BLi%2C+H+W%3BFrady%2C+CH%3BBrookshire%2C+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Synthesis and physical properties of cuphea oleic estolides AN - 39485068; 3682455 AU - Cermak, S C Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39485068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+physical+properties+of+cuphea+oleic+estolides&rft.au=Cermak%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Cermak&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cotton fiber/seed coat structure analyzed by mid-IR microspectroscopy AN - 39464340; 3673501 AU - Himmelsbach, D AU - Akin, DE AU - Hardin, I AU - Kim, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39464340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cotton+fiber%2Fseed+coat+structure+analyzed+by+mid-IR+microspectroscopy&rft.au=Himmelsbach%2C+D%3BAkin%2C+DE%3BHardin%2C+I%3BKim%2C+J&rft.aulast=Himmelsbach&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Georgia, Dept. of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA 30602-1619, USA; URL: guallart.dac.uga.edu/JEA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growth of eastern gamagrass at two levels of carbon dioxide and three temperatures AN - 39463386; 3674093 AU - Ritchie, J C AU - Gitz, DC III AU - Krizek, D T AU - Reddy, V R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39463386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growth+of+eastern+gamagrass+at+two+levels+of+carbon+dioxide+and+three+temperatures&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+J+C%3BGitz%2C+DC+III%3BKrizek%2C+D+T%3BReddy%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association of Southeastern Biologists, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA; fax: 828-262-2127; URL: www.asb.appstate.edu/63rdmeeting.htm. Paper No. 89 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Regrowth after harvest of one- and two-year-old guayule plants AN - 39463184; 3682470 AU - Coffelt, T A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39463184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regrowth+after+harvest+of+one-+and+two-year-old+guayule+plants&rft.au=Coffelt%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Coffelt&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Growth and development responses of cuphea of temperature AN - 39463134; 3682457 AU - Gesch, R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39463134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Growth+and+development+responses+of+cuphea+of+temperature&rft.au=Gesch%2C+R&rft.aulast=Gesch&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparative quality testing of allergenic (Hevea brasiliensis), hypoallergenic (Parthenium argentatum, Gray) and nonallergenic (synthetic) latex materials AN - 39462117; 3682471 AU - Cornish, K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39462117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparative+quality+testing+of+allergenic+%28Hevea+brasiliensis%29%2C+hypoallergenic+%28Parthenium+argentatum%2C+Gray%29+and+nonallergenic+%28synthetic%29+latex+materials&rft.au=Cornish%2C+K&rft.aulast=Cornish&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rooting characteristics and water requirements of cuphea AN - 39461991; 3682456 AU - Sharratt, B Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39461991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rooting+characteristics+and+water+requirements+of+cuphea&rft.au=Sharratt%2C+B&rft.aulast=Sharratt&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Federal initiatives AN - 39461897; 3682348 AU - Buckhalt, R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39461897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Federal+initiatives&rft.au=Buckhalt%2C+R&rft.aulast=Buckhalt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of wildfire on Sonoran desert plant communities AN - 39460685; 3671897 AU - Alford, E J AU - Brock, J R Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39460685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+wildfire+on+Sonoran+desert+plant+communities&rft.au=Alford%2C+E+J%3BBrock%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Alford&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rates of spread of invasive plants AN - 39460620; 3671891 AU - Skinner, K M AU - Rice, P AU - Smith, L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39460620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rates+of+spread+of+invasive+plants&rft.au=Skinner%2C+K+M%3BRice%2C+P%3BSmith%2C+L&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of wildfire on seed-eating desert animals and reciprocal effects on postfire succession AN - 39460244; 3671798 AU - Longland, W S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39460244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+wildfire+on+seed-eating+desert+animals+and+reciprocal+effects+on+postfire+succession&rft.au=Longland%2C+W+S&rft.aulast=Longland&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Coordinated resource management can be a success AN - 39459962; 3671714 AU - Madril, R D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39459962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Coordinated+resource+management+can+be+a+success&rft.au=Madril%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Madril&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fruit polyphenolics and brain aging AN - 39457627; 3678705 AU - Denisova, N AU - Bielinski, D AU - Shukitt-Hale, B AU - Gordon, M AU - Morgan, D AU - Diamond, D AU - Arendash, G AU - Joseph, JA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39457627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fruit+polyphenolics+and+brain+aging&rft.au=Denisova%2C+N%3BBielinski%2C+D%3BShukitt-Hale%2C+B%3BGordon%2C+M%3BMorgan%2C+D%3BDiamond%2C+D%3BArendash%2C+G%3BJoseph%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Denisova&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; URL: www.elsevier.nl. Paper No. S6.4 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rangeland technology and equipment council (RTEC)-past, present and future AN - 39455195; 3671874 AU - Lambert, S AU - Pellant, M Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39455195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rangeland+technology+and+equipment+council+%28RTEC%29-past%2C+present+and+future&rft.au=Lambert%2C+S%3BPellant%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vegetation survey on Umnak Island, located in Alaska's Aleutian Island chain AN - 39454381; 3671780 AU - Sonnen, K L AU - Swanson, J D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39454381?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vegetation+survey+on+Umnak+Island%2C+located+in+Alaska%27s+Aleutian+Island+chain&rft.au=Sonnen%2C+K+L%3BSwanson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Sonnen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New salad crop revolution AN - 39452687; 3682377 AU - Ryder, E J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39452687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+salad+crop+revolution&rft.au=Ryder%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Ryder&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, c/o U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA; URL: www.aaic.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evapotranspiration in northern semiarid grasslands AN - 39451513; 3671993 AU - Frank, AB AU - Karn, J F Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evapotranspiration+in+northern+semiarid+grasslands&rft.au=Frank%2C+AB%3BKarn%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Germination of seeds of squirreltail AN - 39451484; 3671992 AU - Young, JA AU - Clements, C D Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Germination+of+seeds+of+squirreltail&rft.au=Young%2C+JA%3BClements%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Understanding the effects of livestock grazing on aquatic and riparian habitat: Why long-term monitoring is necessary AN - 39451448; 3671922 AU - Kershner, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+effects+of+livestock+grazing+on+aquatic+and+riparian+habitat%3A+Why+long-term+monitoring+is+necessary&rft.au=Kershner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kershner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Land degradation and desertification: Confronting the realities of the 21st century AN - 39450534; 3673837 AU - Eswaran, H AU - Vearasilp, T Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39450534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Land+degradation+and+desertification%3A+Confronting+the+realities+of+the+21st+century&rft.au=Eswaran%2C+H%3BVearasilp%2C+T&rft.aulast=Eswaran&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 17th WCSS Office, Kasetsart University, P.O. Box 1048, Bangkok, 10903, Thailand; phone: 662-940-5787; fax: 662-940-5788; email: o.sfst@nontri.ku.ac.th; URL: www.17wcss.ku.ac.th. Paper No. 46 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Estimates of Alaska fish processing waste stream components AN - 39450304; 3676513 AU - Bechtel, P J AU - Crapo, CA Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39450304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Estimates+of+Alaska+fish+processing+waste+stream+components&rft.au=Bechtel%2C+P+J%3BCrapo%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Bechtel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: PFT 2002, Food Science & Technology Department, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; phone: 530-752-2507; fax: 530-752-4759 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rangeland and steer responses to grazing in the southern plains AN - 39449414; 3671809 AU - Sims, P L AU - Gillen, R L Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rangeland+and+steer+responses+to+grazing+in+the+southern+plains&rft.au=Sims%2C+P+L%3BGillen%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Environmental determination of larval odonate communities in the Western Upper Peninsula of Michigan AN - 39449346; 3677326 AU - Dunlap AU - Hellenthal, R A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Environmental+determination+of+larval+odonate+communities+in+the+Western+Upper+Peninsula+of+Michigan&rft.au=Dunlap%3BHellenthal%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Dunlap&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Gem weather simulation model AN - 39449311; 3671778 AU - Hanson, CL Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Gem+weather+simulation+model&rft.au=Hanson%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Four state collection of big bluestem AN - 39449236; 3671762 AU - Henry, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Four+state+collection+of+big+bluestem&rft.au=Henry%2C+J&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Native ecotypes for prairie restoration, roadsides and landscaping AN - 39449143; 3671751 AU - Kaiser, JU Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=A+riffle+stability+index+to+evaluate+sediment+loading+to+streams&rft.au=Kappesser%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Kappesser&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Salmon carcasses vs. fertilizer: Stream food web responses to organic and inorganic nutrient enrichment in Alaska AN - 39445824; 3677442 AU - Hudson, J P AU - Wipfli AU - Mitchell, N L AU - Caouette, J P AU - Heintz, R A AU - Chaloner, D T AU - Graham, B S AU - Crenshaw, CL AU - Lessard, J L AU - Lamberti, G A Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39445824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Salmon+carcasses+vs.+fertilizer%3A+Stream+food+web+responses+to+organic+and+inorganic+nutrient+enrichment+in+Alaska&rft.au=Hudson%2C+J+P%3BWipfli%3BMitchell%2C+N+L%3BCaouette%2C+J+P%3BHeintz%2C+R+A%3BChaloner%2C+D+T%3BGraham%2C+B+S%3BCrenshaw%2C+CL%3BLessard%2C+J+L%3BLamberti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: North American Benthological Society, 400 Waterfront Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA; fax: 412 442-4328; URL: www.benthos.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of purified tridermi reesei cellulase on the supramolecular structure of cotton cellulose AN - 39433321; 3673492 AU - Bertoniere, N AU - Howley, P AU - Rouselle, MA AU - Pere, J AU - Burchert, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39433321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+purified+tridermi+reesei+cellulase+on+the+supramolecular+structure+of+cotton+cellulose&rft.au=Bertoniere%2C+N%3BHowley%2C+P%3BRouselle%2C+MA%3BPere%2C+J%3BBurchert%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bertoniere&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Georgia, Dept. of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA 30602-1619, USA; URL: guallart.dac.uga.edu/JEA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - From range sites to ecological sites: The process of developing ecological sites in the northern plains AN - 39428792; 3671989 AU - Boltz, S AU - Saunders, J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39428792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=From+range+sites+to+ecological+sites%3A+The+process+of+developing+ecological+sites+in+the+northern+plains&rft.au=Boltz%2C+S%3BSaunders%2C+J&rft.aulast=Boltz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of clipping date, height, and distance from stream on regrowth of herbaceous riparian vegetation AN - 39427746; 3671806 AU - Boyd, C S AU - Svejcar, T J Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39427746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+clipping+date%2C+height%2C+and+distance+from+stream+on+regrowth+of+herbaceous+riparian+vegetation&rft.au=Boyd%2C+C+S%3BSvejcar%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Building ecological site descriptions in the northern plains region: A team approach AN - 39427699; 3671756 AU - Saunders, J AU - Boltz, S Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39427699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Building+ecological+site+descriptions+in+the+northern+plains+region%3A+A+team+approach&rft.au=Saunders%2C+J%3BBoltz%2C+S&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Annual and perennial biomass response to nitrogen and precipitation AN - 39427648; 3671755 AU - Haferkamp, M R AU - Klement, K Y1 - 2002/06/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 03 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39427648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Annual+and+perennial+biomass+response+to+nitrogen+and+precipitation&rft.au=Haferkamp%2C+M+R%3BKlement%2C+K&rft.aulast=Haferkamp&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-06-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Range Management, 445 Union Blvd., Suite 230, Lakewood, CO 80228, USA; phone: 303-986-3309; fax: 303-986-3892; email: srmden@ix.netcom.com; URL: www.oznet.ksu.edu/srm2002 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) by Escherichia coli expressing mutated and chimeric PHA synthase genes AN - 18569368; 5420510 AB - Pseudomonas resinovorans phaC1 sub(Pre) and phaC2 sub(Pre) genes coding for poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) synthases were cloned by PCR and expressed in E. coli LS1298 (fadB). Repeat-unit composition analysis showed that beta -hydroxydecanoate (67-75 mol%) and beta -hydroxyoctanoate (25-33 mol%) are the major monomers of the PHA produced in cells grown on decanoate. Sequence analysis showed that the gene products of phaC1 sub(Pre) and phaC2 sub(Pre) had 61% identical (75% positive) amino-acid sequence matches, and both sequences contained a conserved alpha / beta -hydrolase fold in the carboxy-terminal portion of the proteins. Switching the alpha / beta -hydrolase folds of phaC1 sub(Pre) and phaC2 sub(Pre) yielded chimeric pha7 and pha8 genes that afforded PHA synthesis in E. coli LS1298. The repeat-unit compositions of PHA in cells containing pha7 and pha8 were similar to those found in transformants containing the parental genes. Deletion mutants of phaC1 sub(Pre) and phaC2 sub(Pre) that resulted in potential translational fusions also supported PHA synthesis with similar repeat-unit compositions. Chimeric genes obtained from the switching of fragments containing the alpha / beta -hydrolase folds of phaC1 sub(Pre) and Ralstonia eutropha phbC did not direct the synthesis of PHA in transformed cells. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Ashby, R D AU - Foglia, T A AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, dsolaiman@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/06/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jun 02 SP - 1011 EP - 1016 VL - 24 IS - 12 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase KW - pha7 gene KW - pha8 gene KW - phaC1 gene KW - phaC2 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02729:Organic acids KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18569368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+poly%28hydroxyalkanoates%29+by+Escherichia+coli+expressing+mutated+and+chimeric+PHA+synthase+genes&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+DKY%3BAshby%2C+R+D%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=DKY&rft.date=2002-06-02&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1011&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineered polyamine accumulation in tomato enhances phytonutrient content, juice quality, and vine life AN - 877593254; 13744559 AB - Polyamines, ubiquitous organic aliphatic cations, have been implicated in a myriad of physiological and developmental processes in many organisms, but their in vivo functions remain to be determined. We expressed a yeast S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene (ySAMdc; Spe2) fused with a ripening-inducible E8 promoter to specifically increase levels of the polyamines spermidine and spermine in tomato fruit during ripening. Independent transgenic plants and their segregating lines were evaluated after cultivation in the greenhouse and in the field for five successive generations. The enhanced expression of the ySAMdc gene resulted in increased conversion of putrescine into higher polyamines and thus to ripening-specific accumulation of spermidine and spermine. This led to an increase in lycopene, prolonged vine life, and enhanced fruit juice quality. Lycopene levels in cultivated tomatoes are generally low, and increasing them in the fruit enhances its nutrient value. Furthermore, the rates of ethylene production in the transgenic tomato fruit were consistently higher than those in the nontransgenic control fruit. These data show that polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis pathways can act simultaneously in ripening tomato fruit. Taken together, these results provide the first direct evidence for a physiological role of polyamines and demonstrate an approach to improving nutritional quality, juice quality, and vine life of tomato fruit. JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Mehta, Roshni A AU - Cassol, Tatiana AU - Li, Ning AU - Ali, Nasreen AU - Handa, Avtar K AU - Mattoo, Autar K AD - [1] USDA-ARS Vegetable Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350. [2] These authors contributed equally to this work. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 613 EP - 618 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW United Kingdom VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fruits KW - Spermine KW - Data processing KW - Vines KW - Nutrients KW - Transgenic plants KW - Greenhouses KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Ripening KW - Fruit juices KW - Promoters KW - Putrescine KW - Spermidine KW - Cations KW - polyamines KW - lycopene KW - Ethylene KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - X 24320:Food Additives & Contaminants KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/877593254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Engineered+polyamine+accumulation+in+tomato+enhances+phytonutrient+content%2C+juice+quality%2C+and+vine+life&rft.au=Mehta%2C+Roshni+A%3BCassol%2C+Tatiana%3BLi%2C+Ning%3BAli%2C+Nasreen%3BHanda%2C+Avtar+K%3BMattoo%2C+Autar+K&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Roshni&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10870156&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnbt0602-613 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-10-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fruits; Spermine; Data processing; Nutrients; Vines; Transgenic plants; Greenhouses; Ripening; Promoters; Fruit juices; Putrescine; Cations; Spermidine; polyamines; lycopene; Ethylene; S-Adenosylmethionine; Lycopersicon esculentum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0602-613 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective pharmacological inhibitors reveal the role of Syk tyrosine kinase, phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in Fc receptor-mediated signaling of chicken heterophil degranulation. AN - 72017882; 12188037 AB - Fc receptors of avian heterophils play a primary role in the elimination of bacterial pathogens in poultry. The cross-linking of Fc receptors with IgG-bacteria complexes results in the secretion of toxic oxygen metabolites and anti-bacterial granules. We have been investigating the upstream signaling events that precede degranulation following crosslinkage of Fc receptors on heterophils. Previously when using the non-selective pharmacological inhibitors genistein, chelerythrine, verapamil, and pertussis toxin, we found no significant inhibitory effects on Fc-mediated heterophil degranulation. In the present studies, we used more selective pharmacological inhibitors to investigate the roles of protein tyrosine kinases, phospholipase C (PLC), phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, and the family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) on Fc-mediated heterophil degranulation. Inhibitors of the receptor-linked tyrosine kinases (the tryphostins AG 1478 and AG 1296) had no attenuating effects on the Fc receptor-mediated degranulation of chicken heterophils. Likewise, PP2, a selective inhibitor of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases, had no inhibitory effects on degranulation. However, piceatannol, a selective inhibitor of Syk tyrosine kinase, significantly attenuated the effect of Fc receptor-mediated degranulation. Additionally, Fc-mediated degranulation was significantly attenuated by SB 203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, but not by PD98059, an inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). An inhibitor of phospholipase C, U73122 and LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphoinositol-3 kinase significantly decreased heterophil degranulation. These results suggest that the Fc receptors on chicken heterophils, like their counterparts on mammalian neutrophils, have no intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, but probably mediate downstream events through activation of tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM). Activation of the Syk tyrosine kinase stimulates downstream phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, phospholipase C, and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase as signaling pathways that regulate Fc-receptor-mediated degranulation of chicken heterophils. Engaging Fc receptors on chicken heterophils activates a Syk-->PLC-->PI3-K-->p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway that induces degranulation. JF - International immunopharmacology AU - Kogut, Michael AU - Lowry, Virginia K AU - Farnell, Morgan AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA. kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 963 EP - 973 VL - 2 IS - 7 SN - 1567-5769, 1567-5769 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Precursors KW - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Receptors, Fc KW - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases KW - EC 2.7.1.- KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Syk Kinase KW - EC 2.7.10.2 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - Type C Phospholipases KW - EC 3.1.4.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - MAP Kinase Signaling System -- drug effects KW - Type C Phospholipases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Enzyme Precursors -- physiology KW - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases -- physiology KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- physiology KW - Type C Phospholipases -- physiology KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Chickens KW - Enzyme Precursors -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- physiology KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Receptors, Fc -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Receptors, Fc -- physiology KW - Cell Degranulation -- physiology KW - Granulocytes -- enzymology KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Granulocytes -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cell Degranulation -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72017882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+immunopharmacology&rft.atitle=Selective+pharmacological+inhibitors+reveal+the+role+of+Syk+tyrosine+kinase%2C+phospholipase+C%2C+phosphatidylinositol-3%27-kinase%2C+and+p38+mitogen-activated+protein+kinase+in+Fc+receptor-mediated+signaling+of+chicken+heterophil+degranulation.&rft.au=Kogut%2C+Michael%3BLowry%2C+Virginia+K%3BFarnell%2C+Morgan&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=963&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+immunopharmacology&rft.issn=15675769&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of various models of propane-powered mosquito traps. AN - 71932860; 12125861 AB - Large cage and field studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of various models of propane-powered mosquito traps. These traps utilized counterflow technology in conjunction with catalytic combustion to produce attractants (carbon dioxide, water vapor, and heat) and a thermoelectric generator that converted excess heat into electricity for stand-alone operation. The cage studies showed that large numbers of Aedes aegypti and Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus were captured and that each progressive model resulted in increased trapping efficiency. In several field studies against natural populations of mosquitoes two different propane traps were compared against two other trap systems, the professional (PRO) and counterflow geometry (CFG) traps. In these studies the propane traps consistently caught more mosquitoes than the PRO trap and significantly fewer mosquitoes than the CFG traps. The difference in collection size between the CFG and propane traps was due mostly to Anopheles crucians. In spring 1997 the CFG trap captured 3.6X more An. crucians than the Portable Propane (PP) model and in spring 1998 it captured 6.3X more An. crucians than the Mosquito Magnet Beta-1 (MMB-1) trap. Both the PP and MMB-1 captured slightly more Culex spp. than the CFG trap. JF - Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology AU - Kline, Daniel L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 27 IS - 1 SN - 1081-1710, 1081-1710 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Propane KW - T75W9911L6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Equipment Design KW - Population Dynamics KW - Culicidae KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71932860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+vector+ecology+%3A+journal+of+the+Society+for+Vector+Ecology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+various+models+of+propane-powered+mosquito+traps.&rft.au=Kline%2C+Daniel+L&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+vector+ecology+%3A+journal+of+the+Society+for+Vector+Ecology&rft.issn=10811710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enumeration and identification of yeasts associated with commercial poultry processing and spoilage of refrigerated broiler carcasses. AN - 71866584; 12092734 AB - Yeasts associated with broiler carcasses taken from various stages of commercial poultry processing operations and broiler carcasses stored at refrigerated temperatures were enumerated and identified. Whole carcass rinses were performed to recover yeasts from carcasses taken from a processing facility and processed carcasses stored at 4 degrees C for up to 14 days. Yeasts in the carcass rinsates were enumerated on acidified potato dextrose agar and identified with the MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System. Dendrograms of fatty acid profiles of yeast were prepared to determine the degree of relatedness of the yeast isolates. Findings indicated that as the carcasses are moved through the processing line, significant decreases in the number of yeasts associated with broiler carcasses usually occur, and the composition of the yeast flora of the carcasses is altered. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in the yeast population of the carcasses generally occur during storage at 4 degrees C, however. Furthermore, it was determined that the same strain of yeast may be recovered from different carcasses at different points in the processing line and that the same strain of yeast may be isolated from carcasses processed on different days in the same processing facility. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Hinton, Arthur AU - Cason, J A AU - Ingram, Kimberly D AD - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. ahinton@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 993 EP - 998 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Temperature KW - Food Contamination KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Time Factors KW - Yeasts -- isolation & purification KW - Yeasts -- growth & development KW - Yeasts -- classification KW - Poultry -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71866584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Enumeration+and+identification+of+yeasts+associated+with+commercial+poultry+processing+and+spoilage+of+refrigerated+broiler+carcasses.&rft.au=Hinton%2C+Arthur%3BCason%2C+J+A%3BIngram%2C+Kimberly+D&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing for Salmonella in raw meat and poultry products collected at federally inspected establishments in the United States, 1998 through 2000. AN - 71864268; 12092726 AB - The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) issued Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Systems; Final Rule (the PR/HACCP rule) on 25 July 1996. To verify that industry PR/HACCP systems are effective in controlling the contamination of raw meat and poultry products with human disease-causing bacteria, this rule sets product-specific Salmonella performance standards that must be met by slaughter establishments and establishments producing raw ground products. These performance standards are based on the prevalence of Salmonella as determined from the FSIS's nationwide microbial baseline studies and are expressed in terms of the maximum number of Salmonella-positive samples that are allowed in a given sample set. From 26 January 1998 through 31 December 2000, federal inspectors collected 98,204 samples and 1,502 completed sample sets for Salmonella analysis from large, small, and very small establishments that produced at least one of seven raw meat and poultry products: broilers, market hogs, cows and bulls, steers and heifers, ground beef, ground chicken, and ground turkey. Salmonella prevalence in most of the product categories was lower after the implementation of PR/HACCP than in pre-PR/HACCP baseline studies and surveys conducted by the FSIS. The results of 3 years of testing at establishments of all sizes combined show that >80% of the sample sets met the following Salmonella prevalence performance standards: 20.0% for broilers, 8.7% for market hogs, 2.7% for cows and bulls, 1.0% for steers and heifers, 7.5% for ground beef, 44.6% for ground chicken, and 49.9% for ground turkey. The decreased Salmonella prevalences may partly reflect industry improvements, such as improved process control, incorporation of antimicrobial interventions, and increased microbial-process control monitoring, in conjunction with PR/HACCP implementation. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Rose, Bonnie E AU - Hill, Walter E AU - Umholtz, Robert AU - Ransom, Gerri M AU - James, William O AD - Microbiology Branch, Office of Public Health and Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250-3700, USA. bonnie.rose@fsis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 937 EP - 947 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Swine KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Turkeys KW - Male KW - Female KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Food Inspection -- methods KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71864268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Testing+for+Salmonella+in+raw+meat+and+poultry+products+collected+at+federally+inspected+establishments+in+the+United+States%2C+1998+through+2000.&rft.au=Rose%2C+Bonnie+E%3BHill%2C+Walter+E%3BUmholtz%2C+Robert%3BRansom%2C+Gerri+M%3BJames%2C+William+O&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Bonnie&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotyping and ribotyping of Salmonella using restriction enzyme PvuII. AN - 71861295; 12092713 AB - The subtyping and identification of bacterial pathogens throughout food processing and production chains is useful to the new hazard analysis critical control point-based food safety plans. Traditional manual serotyping remains the primary means of subtyping Salmonella isolates. Molecular biology techniques, however, offer the promise of more rapid and sensitive subtyping of Salmonella. This study evaluates the potential of restriction enzyme PvuII, followed by probing with the rRNA operon from Escherichia coli, to generate serotype-specific DNA fingerprints. A total of 32 identified serotypes were found with an overall agreement in 208 of the 259 (80%) isolates tested between U.S. Department of Agriculture serotype identification and riboprint serotype identification. Many of the isolates that did not correlate were serotype identified as Salmonella Montevideo, which indicates that for this serotype, there are multiple ribotypes. When Salmonella Montevideo isolates were not included, the ribotype identification agreed with serotyping in 207 of the 231 (90%) isolates. The primary outcome of any ribotyping procedure is to give distinct ribotype patterns. This extensive poultry epidemiological study demonstrates that, in addition to ribotype patterns, the identification of isolates to known serotypes provides the investigator with additional information that can be more useful than traditional epidemiology and isolate identification studies. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Bailey, J S AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Stern, N J AU - Craven, S E AU - Cox, N A AU - Cosby, D E AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. jsbailey@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1005 EP - 1007 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - RNA, Ribosomal KW - 0 KW - CAGCTG-specific type II deoxyribonucleases KW - EC 3.1.21.4 KW - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Time Factors KW - Ribotyping -- methods KW - RNA, Ribosomal -- analysis KW - Poultry -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- classification KW - Serotyping -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71861295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Serotyping+and+ribotyping+of+Salmonella+using+restriction+enzyme+PvuII.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BCraven%2C+S+E%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BCosby%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technical note: epimerization of ergopeptine alkaloids in organic and aqueous solvents. AN - 71859623; 12078743 AB - Purified ergopeptine alkaloids are often used in studies related to tall fescue toxicosis without regard to epimerization that occurs when ergopeptines are solvated. The objectives of this study were to measure the rates of alpha-ergocryptine epimerization to alpha-ergocryptinine at room temperature and at -40 degrees C, and to measure the rate of ergovaline epimerization to ergovalinine at 37 degrees C. Alpha-ergocryptine tartrate was stable (< 0.5% epimerization) in protic or aprotic solvents when stored at -40 degrees C for 20 to 52 d. At room temperature, alpha-ergocryptine epimerization in chloroform did not occur; epimerization was modest in acetone and acetonitrile (< 5%) but was substantial in methanol (78% by 38 d) and in a 70:30 water methanol mix (47% by 42 d). Ergovaline epimerization to ergovalinine occurred at 37 degrees C in 0.1 M phosphate buffers (pH 3, 7.5, and 9) in 9% aqueous solutions of fetal bovine serum (FBS), and in water, methanol, and acetonitrile. The degree of epimerization at 37 degrees C was solvent-dependent. Epimerization rates with respect to time were roughly linear in phosphate buffer (pH 3 only), water, methanol, and acetonitrile; epimerization rates resembled first-order kinetics in phosphate buffers (pH 7.5 and 9) and in the presence of FBS (pH 3, 7.5 and in Dulbecco's culture media). Epimerization equilibria (48 to 63% ergovaline) were reached within approximately 1 to 19 h. Results from this study indicate that researchers conducting studies with purified ergopeptines should carefully control the storage conditions of solvated ergopeptines and measure isomeric composition under the actual experimental conditions used in experiments. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Smith, D J AU - Shappell, N W AD - USDA ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA. smithd@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1616 EP - 1622 VL - 80 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Ergolines KW - 0 KW - Ergot Alkaloids KW - Ergotamines KW - Solvents KW - ergovaline KW - 2873-38-3 KW - ergocryptine KW - 511-09-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Temperature KW - Poaceae -- chemistry KW - Isomerism KW - Ergotamines -- chemistry KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Ergolines -- chemistry KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71859623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Technical+note%3A+epimerization+of+ergopeptine+alkaloids+in+organic+and+aqueous+solvents.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+J%3BShappell%2C+N+W&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1616&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) history and conceptual overview. AN - 71858581; 12088233 AB - The concept of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a system that enables the production of safe meat and poultry products through the thorough analysis of production processes, identification of all hazards that are likely to occur in the production establishment, the identification of critical points in the process at which these hazards may be introduced into product and therefore should be controlled, the establishment of critical limits for control at those points, the verification of these prescribed steps, and the methods by which the processing establishment and the regulatory authority can monitor how well process control through the HACCP plan is working. The history of the development of HACCP is reviewed, and examples of practical applications of HACCP are described. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Hulebak, Karen L AU - Schlosser, Wayne AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Health and Science, Washington, DC, USA. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 547 EP - 552 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Meat KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Cattle KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Risk Assessment KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71858581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Hazard+analysis+and+critical+control+point+%28HACCP%29+history+and+conceptual+overview.&rft.au=Hulebak%2C+Karen+L%3BSchlosser%2C+Wayne&rft.aulast=Hulebak&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and other insect associated resistance in the maize inbred Tex6. AN - 71847307; 12076011 AB - A 2-yr field and laboratory study investigated insect resistance of the maize, Zea mays L., inbred Tex6, which has previously demonstrated resistance to Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin production, relative to susceptible inbred B73. Field studies indicated significantly greater resistance to insect feeding of V4-V8 growth stage Tex6 plants compared with B73 plants in both years, primarily to flea beetles (Chaetonema spp.). Field studies of natural (1999) and artificial (2000) infestations of corn earworms, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), indicated much lower levels of kernel damage at milk stage (approximately three-fold) and smaller surviving larvae (approximately three-fold) in Tex6 compared with B73 ears. At harvest similar trends in reduction of numbers of damaged kernels per ear, as well as incidence and numbers of kernels per ear symptomatically infected by Fusarium spp. were noted. Laboratory studies indicated little difference in mortality or survivor weight of caterpillars or sap beetle adults caged with milk stage kernels of the two inbreds. However, assays with silks indicated significantly greater mortality of H. zea in both 1999 and 2000, and European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) in 1999 (only year tested) when fed Tex6 silks compared with B73 silks. Pollinated Tex6 silks were generally darker colored and more toxic than unpollinated silks. Thus, it is possible that commercially usable inbreds with resistance to insects, which also contribute to the mycotoxin problem through vectoring and damage, could be produced using Tex6 as a source. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Dowd, Patrick F AU - White, Donald C AD - Crop BioProtection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. dowdpf@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 628 EP - 634 VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Zea mays KW - Moths UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71847307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Corn+earworm%2C+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+and+other+insect+associated+resistance+in+the+maize+inbred+Tex6.&rft.au=Dowd%2C+Patrick+F%3BWhite%2C+Donald+C&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=628&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sodium chlorate supplementation reduces E. coli O157:H7 populations in cattle. AN - 71846443; 12078750 AB - Cattle are a natural reservoir of the food-borne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7. Therefore, strategies that reduce E. coli O157:H7 prior to slaughter will reduce human exposures to this virulent pathogen. When bacteria that can anaerobically respire on nitrate (e.g., E. coli) are exposed to chlorate, they die because the intracellular enzyme nitrate reductase converts nitrate to nitrite, but also co-metabolically reduces chlorate to cytotoxic chlorite. Because chlorate is bactericidal only against nitrate reductase-positive bacteria, it has been suggested that chlorate supplementation be used as a strategy to reduce E. coli O157:H7 populations in cattle prior to harvest. Cattle (n = 8) were fed a feedlot-style high-grain diet experimentally infected with three strains of E. coli O157:H7. Cattle were given access to drinking water supplemented with 2.5 mM KNO3 and 100 mM NaCl (controls; n = 4) or 2.5 mM KNO3 and 100 mM NaClO3 (chlorate-treated; n = 4). Sodium chlorate treatment for 24 h reduced the population of all E. coli O157:H7 strains approximately two logs (10(4) to 10(2)) in the rumen and three logs (10(6) to 10(3)) in the feces. Chlorate treatment reduced total coliforms and generic E. coli from 106 to 10(4) in the rumen and by two logs throughout the rest of the gastrointestinal tract (ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum). Chlorate treatment reduced E. coli O157:H7 counts throughout the intestinal tract but did not alter total culturable anaerobic bacterial counts or the ruminal fermentation pattern. Therefore, it appears that chlorate supplementation is a viable potential strategy to reduce E. coli O157:H7 populations in cattle prior to harvest. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Callaway, T R AU - Anderson, R C AU - Genovese, K J AU - Poole, T L AU - Anderson, T J AU - Byrd, J A AU - Kubena, L F AU - Nisbet, D J AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845, USA. callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 1683 EP - 1689 VL - 80 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Chlorates KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - sodium chlorate KW - T95DR77GMR KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Disease Reservoirs -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Digestive System -- microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- veterinary KW - Female KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Chlorates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71846443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Sodium+chlorate+supplementation+reduces+E.+coli+O157%3AH7+populations+in+cattle.&rft.au=Callaway%2C+T+R%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BPoole%2C+T+L%3BAnderson%2C+T+J%3BByrd%2C+J+A%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Callaway&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fusarium Tri8 encodes a trichothecene C-3 esterase. AN - 71764094; 12039755 AB - Mutant strains of Fusarium graminearum Z3639 produced by disruption of Tri8 were altered in their ability to biosynthesize 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and instead accumulated 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol, 7,8-dihydroxycalonectrin, and calonectrin. Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL3299 Tri8 mutant strains accumulated 3-acetyl T-2 toxin, 3-acetyl neosolaniol, and 3,4,15-triacetoxyscirpenol rather than T-2 toxin, neosolaniol, and 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol. The accumulation of these C-3-acetylated compounds suggests that Tri8 encodes an esterase responsible for deacetylation at C-3. This gene function was confirmed by cell-free enzyme assays and feeding experiments with yeast expressing Tri8. Previous studies have shown that Tri101 encodes a C-3 transacetylase that acts as a self-protection or resistance factor during biosynthesis and that the presence of a free C-3 hydroxyl group is a key component of Fusarium trichothecene phytotoxicity. Since Tri8 encodes the esterase that removes the C-3 protecting group, it may be considered a toxicity factor. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - McCormick, Susan P AU - Alexander, Nancy J AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 61604-3902, USA. mccormsp@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 2959 EP - 2964 VL - 68 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Fungal Proteins KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - Esterases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cell-Free System KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Esterases -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- enzymology KW - Trichothecenes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71764094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Fusarium+Tri8+encodes+a+trichothecene+C-3+esterase.&rft.au=McCormick%2C+Susan+P%3BAlexander%2C+Nancy+J&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF359361; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Dec;65(12):5252-6 [10583973] Mol Gen Genet. 1999 Jul;261(6):977-84 [10485289] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Jul;67(7):2966-72 [11425709] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Nov;67(11):5294-302 [11679358] Nat Toxins. 1999;7(6):265-9 [11122517] Biochem Pharmacol. 1969 Jun;18(6):1473-8 [5816375] Appl Microbiol. 1975 Jan;29(1):54-8 [234156] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1986 Dec;251(2):756-61 [3800398] Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;7(9):3297-305 [2823126] Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Mar 25;20(6):1425 [1561104] Microbiol Rev. 1993 Sep;57(3):595-604 [8246841] Curr Genet. 1993 Oct;24(4):291-5 [8252637] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 May;61(5):1923-30 [7646028] Mol Gen Genet. 1995 Jul 22;248(1):95-102 [7651333] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Feb;62(2):353-9 [8593041] Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1995 Jul-Aug;8(4):593-601 [8589414] Nat Toxins. 1996;4(3):108-16 [8743931] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jan;64(1):221-5 [9435078] J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 16;273(3):1654-61 [9430709] Fungal Genet Biol. 2001 Mar;32(2):121-33 [11352533] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A potential biodegradable rubber--Viscoelastic properties of a soybean oil-based composite AN - 21320787; 12035325 AB - Scientists are more and more interested in biodegradable materials owing to their environmental advantage. We investigated viscoelastic properties of a newly developed biomaterial made from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). ESO cross-linked by triethylene glycol diamine exhibited viscoelastic solid properties. The storage modulus (G') was 2X10 Pa over four frequency decades. The phase angles were 14--18°. Stress relaxation measurements showed that there was no relaxation up to 500 s. From the plateau modulus we estimated that the M.W. of this cross-linked soybean oil was on the order of 10. The composites of cross-linked ESO with three different fibers had 50 times higher elasticity (G') than those without fiber. Phase shifts were the same as those of cross-linked oil without fibers, but the linear range of rheological properties was much narrower than that of the material without fibers. All these results indicated that this new biopolymer made from soybean oil exhibited strong viscoelastic solid properties similar to synthetic rubbers. These rheological properties implied that this biomaterial has high potential to replace some of the synthetic rubber and/or plastics. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Xu, Jingyuan AU - Liu, Zengshe AU - Erhan, Sevim Z AU - Carriere, Craig J AD - Cereal Products and Food Science Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., 60604 Peoria, IL, xuj@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 593 EP - 596 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 79 IS - 6 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Fibers KW - Biomaterials KW - Biopolymers KW - Rubber KW - Stress KW - triethylene glycol KW - Plastics KW - viscoelasticity KW - Phase shift KW - Soybeans KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21320787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=A+potential+biodegradable+rubber--Viscoelastic+properties+of+a+soybean+oil-based+composite&rft.au=Xu%2C+Jingyuan%3BLiu%2C+Zengshe%3BErhan%2C+Sevim+Z%3BCarriere%2C+Craig+J&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Jingyuan&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-002-0528-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Fibers; Biopolymers; Biomaterials; Stress; Rubber; triethylene glycol; Plastics; Phase shift; viscoelasticity; Soybeans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-002-0528-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating grass productivity on diverse range sites in Texas AN - 20671935; 5429295 AB - Simulation models addressing soil erosion and water quality issues on range sites should realistically simulate grass dry matter yields across a wide diversity of soils and climate regimes. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of the ALMANAC (Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteria) model to simulate annual range grass biomass production under diverse climatic conditions and soils in Texas. The objective was to compare range grass production at rangeland ecological sites, as reported in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service ((USDA NRCS) soil surveys, with production simulated by ALMANAC using the most common grasses for each site. The model was run with 60 years of daily weather data on 20 different soils from a diverse set of sites in Texas. The weather data was from seven sites. Model inputs included parameters for the soil series, grass species characteristics, and locally measured climate data. After allowing 10 years for the model to equilibrate, means for simulated production for the sites for the next 50 years were similar to reported means. Simulated production in high rainfall years and low rainfall years were also similar to reported values. The soils, climate, and grass parameter data sets developed here can be useful starting points for deriving data for additional range sites, giving model users examples of realistic input data. The model shows promise as a tool for realistically simulating grass production on a diverse group of soils and in diverse climatic conditions. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Kiniry, J R AU - Sanchez, H AU - Greenwade, J AU - Seidensticker, E AU - Bell, J R AU - Pringle, F AU - Peacock, G Jr AU - Rives, J AD - USDA NRCS in Temple, TX, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 144 EP - 150 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Texas KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - water quality KW - Geographical distribution KW - Resource management KW - Grasses KW - Rainfall KW - Water conservation KW - Climatic changes KW - dry matter KW - climatic conditions KW - Soil erosion KW - Water quality KW - Soil KW - Erosion Control KW - Weather KW - Mathematical models KW - Resource conservation KW - agriculture KW - Simulation KW - Vegetation Effects KW - agricultural land KW - Model Studies KW - Grasslands KW - Rangelands KW - Soil Conservation KW - Comparison Studies KW - Natural resources KW - soil surveys KW - Conservation KW - Soil Erosion KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20671935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Simulating+grass+productivity+on+diverse+range+sites+in+Texas&rft.au=Kiniry%2C+J+R%3BSanchez%2C+H%3BGreenwade%2C+J%3BSeidensticker%2C+E%3BBell%2C+J+R%3BPringle%2C+F%3BPeacock%2C+G+Jr%3BRives%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kiniry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Geographical distribution; Mathematical models; Resource conservation; Water conservation; Climatic changes; Soil erosion; Water quality; Weather; water quality; Grasses; Rainfall; agriculture; dry matter; Simulation; climatic conditions; agricultural land; Soil; Rangelands; Natural resources; soil surveys; Conservation; Meteorological Data Collection; Grasslands; Erosion Control; Comparison Studies; Soil Conservation; Vegetation Effects; Soil Erosion; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of hypericins and hyperforin in Hypericum perforatum L. in response to biotic and chemical elicitors AN - 20097040; 5465396 AB - Hypericum perforatum L. produces hyperforins, a family of antimicrobial acylphloroglucinols; and hypericins, a family of phototoxic anthraquinones exhibiting anti-microbial, anti-viral, and anti-herbivore properties in vitro. To determine whether these secondary metabolites are part of the specific plant defense systems that are mediated by methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid, we used meristem cultures to assess the effects of exposure to exogenous application of these chemical elicitors. Levels of hypericins in plant tissue increased in response to both elicitor treatments; total hypericin levels increased as much as 3.3 times control levels when treated with 200 mu methyl jasmonate for 14 days. Increased hyperforin concentrations were detected when plantlets were treated with 1 m salicylic acid or 50 mu methyl jasmonate. For assessing responses to a biotic elicitor, greenhouse-grown plant materials were inoculated with the plant pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Levels of hypericins increased twice as much as the control when inoculated with 1 x 10 super(4) spores per ml; higher doses of spores overwhelmed the plant defenses. The elevation of hypericins and hyperforin in response to chemical and biotic elicitors suggests that these secondary metabolites are components in the inducible plant defense responses of H. perforatum. Copyright Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Sirvent, T AU - Gibson, D AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Protection Research Unit, U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14583, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 311 EP - 320 PB - Academic Press VL - 60 IS - 6 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Meristems KW - anthraquinone KW - Hypericin KW - Methyl jasmonate KW - Pathogens KW - Salicylic acid KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Hypericum perforatum KW - Plantlets KW - Colletotrichum gloeosporioides KW - Antiviral agents KW - Secondary metabolites KW - Spores KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - V 22340:Antiviral Agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20097040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Induction+of+hypericins+and+hyperforin+in+Hypericum+perforatum+L.+in+response+to+biotic+and+chemical+elicitors&rft.au=Sirvent%2C+T%3BGibson%2C+D&rft.aulast=Sirvent&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fpmpp.2002.0410 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plantlets; Meristems; Antiviral agents; anthraquinone; Methyl jasmonate; Hypericin; Secondary metabolites; Pathogens; Spores; Salicylic acid; Antimicrobial agents; Hypericum perforatum; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.2002.0410 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Riparian zone impact on phosphorus movement to a Coastal Plain black water stream AN - 19936616; 5429293 AB - Riparian zones are an important conservation practice because they can decrease the entry of sediments and nutrients into sensitive aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated the effectiveness of a Coastal Plain riparian zone in decreasing the movement of phosphorus (P) into a black water stream from an overloaded swine manure spray field. Soil P concentrations (Mehlich 3 P, M3P; and total P, TP) were measured in a spray field, grass strip, mid-riparian, and stream edge continuum. Dissolved P (DP) was measured in ground water wells located in the spray field, grass strip, and stream edge and in in-stream grab samples. The spray field and grass strip areas had high soil M3P concentrations. Low M3P concentrations were detected in soils in the mid-riparian and stream edge areas, indicating effective retention of P by the grass strip area. Elevated DP concentrations were detected in the spray field and grass strip wells, while stream edge wells were low. The riparian zone contributed to decreased DP concentrations between the grass strip and stream edge wells. Furthermore, stream grab samples were consistently low in DP concentrations. We conclude that a riparian zone can effectively limit the movement of P-enriched sediments and prevent DP-enriched ground water from entering a local stream, even in a heavily loaded situation. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Novak, J M AU - Hunt, P G AU - Stone, K C AU - Watts, D W AU - Johnson, M H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Coastal Plains Research Center (CPRC) in Florence, SC, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 127 EP - 133 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Manure KW - Path of Pollutants KW - Grasses KW - Coastal Waters KW - Water conservation KW - Phosphorus KW - Streams KW - Soil KW - Riparian Land KW - Riparian environments KW - plains KW - Animal wastes KW - Riparian zone KW - Sprays KW - Grabs KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Sediments KW - nutrients KW - Coastal zone KW - Spray KW - Conservation KW - Water wells KW - Groundwater KW - aquatic ecosystems KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19936616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Riparian+zone+impact+on+phosphorus+movement+to+a+Coastal+Plain+black+water+stream&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BStone%2C+K+C%3BWatts%2C+D+W%3BJohnson%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coastal zone; Manure; Riparian zone; Water conservation; Spray; Grabs; Phosphorus; Animal wastes; Grasses; Sprays; Streams; Sediments; Soil; nutrients; Riparian environments; Water wells; Conservation; plains; aquatic ecosystems; Groundwater; Agricultural Runoff; Path of Pollutants; Coastal Waters; Riparian Land; Nonpoint Pollution Sources ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A biogeochemistry-based dynamic vegetation model and its application along a moisture gradient in the continental United States AN - 19767855; 5673296 AB - We develop and evaluate a large-scale dynamic vegetation model, TEM-LPJ, which considers interactions among water, light and nitrogen in simulating ecosystem function and structure. We parameterized the model for three plant functional types (PFTs): a temperate deciduous forest, a temperate coniferous forest, and a temperate C3 grassland. Model parameters were determined using data from forest stands at the Harvard Forest in Massachusetts. Applications of the model reasonably simulated stand development over 120 yr for Populus tremuloides in Wisconsin and for Pinus elliottii in Florida. Our evaluation of tree-grass interactions simulated by the model indicated that competition for light led to dominance by the deciduous forest PFT in moist regions of eastern United States and that water competition led to dominance by the grass PFT in dry regions of the central United States. Along a moisture transect at 41.5 degree N in the eastern United States, simulations by TEM-LPJ reproduced the composition of potential temperate deciduous forest, temperate savanna, and C3 grassland located along the transect. double prime bbreviations: DGVM = Dynamic global vegetation models; LPJ = Lund-Potsdam-Jena; TEM = Terrestrial Ecosystem Model; VEMAP = Vegetation Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project; WBM = Water Balance Model. JF - Journal of Vegetation Science AU - Pan, Y AU - McGuire, AD AU - Melillo, J M AU - Kicklighter, D W AU - Sitch, S AU - Prentice, I C AD - USDA Forest Service, 11 Campus Boulevard, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA, ypan@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 369 EP - 382 PB - International Association of Vegetation Science VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1100-9233, 1100-9233 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Water balance KW - Grasslands KW - Data processing KW - Pinus elliottii KW - Structure-function relationships KW - Vegetation KW - Competition KW - Populus tremuloides KW - Nitrogen KW - Dominance KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19767855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vegetation+Science&rft.atitle=A+biogeochemistry-based+dynamic+vegetation+model+and+its+application+along+a+moisture+gradient+in+the+continental+United+States&rft.au=Pan%2C+Y%3BMcGuire%2C+AD%3BMelillo%2C+J+M%3BKicklighter%2C+D+W%3BSitch%2C+S%3BPrentice%2C+I+C&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Vegetation+Science&rft.issn=11009233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F1100-9233%282002%29013%280369%3AABBDVM%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1100-9233&volume=13&page=369 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus elliottii; Populus tremuloides; Vegetation; Dominance; Grasslands; Competition; Structure-function relationships; Nitrogen; Data processing; Water balance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/1100-9233(2002)013(0369:ABBDVM)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MODULATION OF ADIPOCYTE DETERMINATION AND DIFFERENTIATION-DEPENDENT FACTOR 1 BY SELECTED POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AN - 19335248; 8696204 AB - The transcription factor, sterol regulatory binding protein 1c (also called adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1), stimulates transcription of the messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) for lipid synthesis enzymes. Hepatic ADD1 transcripts are reduced by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The ADD1 transcripts are expressed to a considerable extent in porcine adipocytes. Consequently, it was of interest to examine the effects of several PUFAs on ADD1 in a tissue wherein several long-chain fatty acids (FAs) increase adipocyte differentiation. The effects of arachidonic acid (C20:4), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6), and cis 9, trans 11-conjugated linoleic acid (9,11-CLA) on differentiating preadipocyte ADD1 mRNA and protein and on preadipocyte differentiation were determined. Porcine stromal-vascular cells were plated in serum-containing medium and differentiated in serum-free medium containing insulin, hydrocortisone, and transferrin plus or minus an individual FA. After 24-h differentiation plus or minus FA, plates were stained with Oil Red O as an indicator of differentiation or total RNA was extracted or a nuclear fraction was isolated for protein measurement. Addition of C20:4 or 9,11-CLA increased the number of Oil Red O-stained cells or the Oil Red O-stained material, whereas C22:6 did not. Addition of C20:4, C22:6, or 9,11-CLA decreased the concentration of the mRNA and protein for ADD1. Thus, although all three FAs decreased the ADD1 mRNA and protein concentrations, C20:4 and 9,11-CLA increased differentiation, measured by Oil Red O staining, whereas C22:6 did not. The data suggest that the regulation of differentiation and mRNAs by individual FAs may involve distinct mechanisms. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Ding, Shih-Torng AU - McNeel, Ronald L AU - Mersmann, Harry J AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-2600 (S.-T. D., R. L. M., H. J. M.) and Department of Animal Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (S.-T. D.), mersmann@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 352 EP - 357 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - adipocyte differentiation KW - conjugated linoleic acid KW - polyunsaturated fatty acids KW - lipoprotein lipase KW - porcine KW - ADD1 KW - PPARγ C/EBP alpha KW - Hydrocortisone KW - Data processing KW - Lipids KW - Preadipocytes KW - Arachidonic acid KW - Enzymes KW - Transcription KW - Insulin KW - Oil KW - Differentiation KW - Docosahexaenoic acid KW - serum-free medium KW - Transferrin KW - Fas antigen KW - Sterols KW - Adipocytes KW - Transcription factors KW - Fatty acids KW - Liver KW - CD95 antigen KW - Polyunsaturated fatty acids KW - Linoleic acid KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19335248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=MODULATION+OF+ADIPOCYTE+DETERMINATION+AND+DIFFERENTIATION-DEPENDENT+FACTOR+1+BY+SELECTED+POLYUNSATURATED+FATTY+ACIDS&rft.au=Ding%2C+Shih-Torng%3BMcNeel%2C+Ronald+L%3BMersmann%2C+Harry+J&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Shih-Torng&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1071-2690%282002%290382.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Hydrocortisone; Lipids; Preadipocytes; Transcription; Enzymes; Arachidonic acid; Insulin; Oil; Differentiation; Transferrin; serum-free medium; Docosahexaenoic acid; Sterols; Fas antigen; Transcription factors; Adipocytes; Liver; Fatty acids; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; CD95 antigen; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1071-2690(2002)038<0352:MOADAD>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - O sub(3) uptake and drought stress effects on carbon acquisition of ponderosa pine in natural stands AN - 18927357; 5523860 AB - The effect of O sub(3) exposure or uptake on carbon acquisition (net assimilation (A) or gross photosynthesis (P sub(g))), with and without drought stress, is reported here in 40-yr-old-ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees. Maximum daily gas exchange was measured monthly for 12 trees at four sites differing in pollutant exposure over two growing seasons with above- and below-average annual precipitation. Gas exchange measures were estimated between sampling periods using a generalized additive regression model. Both A and P sub(g) generally declined with cumulative O sub(3) exposure or uptake at all sites. As a response variable, P sub(g) was slightly more sensitive than A to cumulative O sub(3) exposure. As a metric, O sub(3) uptake vs exposure permitted slightly better statistical resolution of seasonal response between sites. The effect of late summer drought stress was statistically significant only at the moderate pollution site, and combined synergistically with O sub(3) exposure or uptake to reduce P sub(g). The general additive model allows the user to define a deleterious level of cumulative O sub(3) exposure or uptake, and to quantitatively assess biological response. JF - New Phytologist AU - Grulke, N E AU - Preisler, H K AU - Rose, C AU - Kirsch, J AU - Balduman, L AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, ngrulke@deltanet.com Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 621 EP - 631 VL - 154 IS - 3 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - ozone KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Gas exchange KW - Photosynthesis KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Carbon cycle KW - Assimilation KW - Droughts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18927357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=O+sub%283%29+uptake+and+drought+stress+effects+on+carbon+acquisition+of+ponderosa+pine+in+natural+stands&rft.au=Grulke%2C+N+E%3BPreisler%2C+H+K%3BRose%2C+C%3BKirsch%2C+J%3BBalduman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Grulke&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1469-8137.2002.00403.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gas exchange; Photosynthesis; Assimilation; Carbon cycle; Droughts; Pinus ponderosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00403.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Escherichia coli serogroups and human virulence factors in faeces of urban Canada geese (Branta canadensis) AN - 18924501; 5534999 AB - This was the first study to exhaustively characterize the prevalence of Escherichia coli sero-groups in any wildlife species. Faecal samples from Canada geese (Branta canadensis) were collected over a single year in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The overall prevalence for E. coli ranged from 2% during the coldest time of the year to 94% during the warmest months of the year. During the time of year when nonmigratory geese dominated the local goose population (March-July) the prevalence of enterotoxogenic (ETEC) forms of E. coli was 13.0%. The prevalence of enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) forms was 6.0%, while prevalence for enteroinvasive (EIEC) and enteroagglomerative (EAEC) forms was 4.6 and 1.3%, respectively, during the same period. We also examined all samples positive for E. coli for genes coding for virulence factors, including: SLT-I, SLT-II, eae, hly-A, K1, LT, STa, STb, CNF1, and CNF2. Three isolates were positive for human virulence factors, representing a 2% prevalence for faeces containing potential human toxins. Genes for STa were isolated from ETEC strains O-8 and O-167, while the gene for K1 was isolated from an O-8 (ETEC) serogroup. These data will prove useful in focusing attention on the risks that increasing populations of urban Canada geese pose to public health. JF - International Journal of Environmental Health Research AU - Kullas, H AU - Coles, M AU - Rhyan, J AU - Clark, L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Centre, 4101 La Porte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 153 EP - 162 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0960-3123, 0960-3123 KW - Canada goose KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Human diseases KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Abundance KW - Toxicity KW - Strains KW - Public health KW - Faecal pellets KW - Virulence KW - Serological studies KW - USA, Colorado, Fort Collins KW - Genes KW - Branta canadensis KW - Escherichia coli KW - Aquatic birds KW - Q1 08205:Genetics and evolution KW - Q1 08361:General KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18924501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Health+Research&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Escherichia+coli+serogroups+and+human+virulence+factors+in+faeces+of+urban+Canada+geese+%28Branta+canadensis%29&rft.au=Kullas%2C+H%3BColes%2C+M%3BRhyan%2C+J%3BClark%2C+L&rft.aulast=Kullas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Health+Research&rft.issn=09603123&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09603120220129319 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virulence; Faecal pellets; Human diseases; Serological studies; Genes; Pathogenic bacteria; Abundance; Toxicity; Strains; Aquatic birds; Public health; Branta canadensis; Escherichia coli; USA, Colorado, Fort Collins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603120220129319 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydraulic redistribution of soil water by neotropical savanna trees AN - 18913217; 5427071 AB - The magnitude and direction of water transport by the roots of eight dominant Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) woody species were determined with a heat pulse system that allowed bidirectional measurements of sap flow. The patterns of sap flow observed during the dry season in species with dimorphic root systems were consistent with the occurrence of hydraulic redistribution of soil water, the movement of water from moist to drier regions of the soil profile via plant roots. In these species, shallow roots exhibited positive sap flow (from the soil into the plant) during the day and negative sap flow (from the plant into the soil) during the night. Sap flow in the taproots was positive throughout the 24-h period. Diel fluctuations in soil water potential, with maximum values occurring at night, provided evidence for partial rewetting of upper soil layers by water released from shallow roots. In other species, shallow roots exhibited negative sap flow during both the day and night, indicating that hydraulic redistribution was occurring continuously. A third sap flow pattern was observed at the end of the dry season after a heavy rainfall event when sap flow became negative in the taproot, and positive in the small roots, indicating movement of water from upper soil layers into shallow roots, and then into taproots and deeper soil layers. Experimental manipulations employed to evaluate the response of hydraulic redistribution to changes in plant and environmental conditions included watering the soil surface above shallow roots, decreasing transpiration by covering the plant and cutting roots where probes were inserted. Natural and manipulated patterns of sap flow in roots and stems were consistent with passive movement of water toward competing sinks in the soil and plant. Because dry shallow soil layers were often a stronger sink than the shoot, we suggest that the presence of a dimorphic root system in deciduous species may play a role in facilitating leaf expansion near the end of the dry season when the soil surrounding shallow lateral roots is still dry. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Scholz, F G AU - Bucci, S J AU - Goldstein, G AU - Meinzer, F C AU - Franco, A C AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, fmeinzer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 603 EP - 612 VL - 22 IS - 9 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Transport KW - Soil Water Potential KW - Sinks KW - Soil Properties KW - Soil Water KW - Transpiration KW - Flow Pattern KW - Hydraulic Properties KW - Soil Surfaces KW - Soil Profile KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18913217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Hydraulic+redistribution+of+soil+water+by+neotropical+savanna+trees&rft.au=Scholz%2C+F+G%3BBucci%2C+S+J%3BGoldstein%2C+G%3BMeinzer%2C+F+C%3BFranco%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Scholz&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil Water Potential; Water Transport; Sinks; Soil Water; Soil Properties; Transpiration; Flow Pattern; Soil Profile; Soil Surfaces; Hydraulic Properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Foraging Behavior In Relation To Midstory Vegetation AN - 18625062; 5536573 AB - Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) nest and forage in pine-dominated forests. Research indicates that substantial hardwood midstory encroachment is detrimental to Red-cockaded Woodpecker populations, although the exact mechanisms are unknown. We examined foraging behavior in relation to midstory between August 1989 and February 1990. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers foraged at greater heights in areas of taller and denser midstory in the loblolly-shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda and P. echinata, respectively) habitat, but not in longleaf pine (P. palustris) habitat with less-developed midstory vegetation than typical of loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat. In addition, Red-cockaded Woodpeckers concentrated foraging activities in or adjacent to forest stands or openings with reduced midstory vegetation. Overall, Red-cockaded Woodpeckers foraged disproportionately at heights and sites that minimized their exposure to dense midstory conditions. These results suggest that ecosystem management, preferably using prescribed fire, that reduces midstory vegetation will improve foraging habitat for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Conner, R N AU - Schaefer, R R AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Lab. and the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA, crudolph01@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 235 EP - 242 PB - The Wilson Ornithological Society VL - 114 IS - 2 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18625062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Red-Cockaded+Woodpecker+Foraging+Behavior+In+Relation+To+Midstory+Vegetation&rft.au=Rudolph%2C+D+C%3BConner%2C+R+N%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-5643%282002%29114%280235%3ARCWFBI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-5643(2002)114(0235:RCWFBI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The study of detachment and deposition on a hillslope using a magnetic tracer AN - 18611586; 5492063 AB - Soil erosion by water involves the processes of detachment, transport and deposition of soil materials by the erosive forces of raindrops and surface flow of water. The redistribution of sediment within a field-sized area is important in estimating the effect of erosion and deposition on productivity, in helping the conservation planner to target efforts to reduce erosion, and to evaluate erosion models. The objective of this study was to use a magnetic tracer, with size and density similar to soil aggregates, to study detachment and deposition on a hillslope. Two interconnected plots were established on a hillslope. Two rainfall intensities (35 and 70 mm h super(-1)) combined with two different inflow rates (4 and 10 1 min super(-1)) were applied to the upper of the two plots. No rain or water was applied to the lower plot, which was used to study the deposition of eroded sediments from the upper plot. A 5% concentration of magnetic tracer was placed in the upper plot and mixed to depth of 3 cm. From this initial condition, areas of tracer detachment and deposition were identified using a magnetic sensor. Areas of detachment were associated with a decrease in magnetic signal, while areas of deposition were associated with an increase in the magnetic signal. In the lower plot, deposition of tracer correlated well with the magnetic susceptibility readings. Results indicated that the tracer was effective for identifying areas of net detachment and deposition, however, the tracer to soil ratio did not remain constant for all treatments. For this reason, a wider range of sizes and densities of the tracer should be tested if the method is to be useful to quantify erosion rates. JF - Catena AU - Ventura, E AU - Nearing, MA AU - Amore, E AU - Norton, L D AD - USDA-ARS-National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 1196 Soil Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 149 EP - 161 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Tracers KW - Erosion KW - Slopes KW - Rainfall Intensity KW - Sediments KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18611586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=The+study+of+detachment+and+deposition+on+a+hillslope+using+a+magnetic+tracer&rft.au=Ventura%2C+E%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BAmore%2C+E%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Ventura&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0341-8162%2802%2900003-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment Transport; Tracers; Erosion; Slopes; Rainfall Intensity; Sediments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00003-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated on Cantaloupe Surfaces and Efficacy of Washing Treatments To Reduce Transfer from Rind to Fresh-Cut Pieces AN - 18606736; 5509866 AB - Attachment and survival of Listeria monocytogenes on external surfaces (rind) of inoculated cantaloupe, resistance of the surviving bacteria to chlorine or hydrogen peroxide treatments, transfer of the pathogen from unsanitized and sanitized rinds to fresh-cut tissues during cutting and growth, and survival of L. monocytogenes on fresh-cut pieces of cantaloupe were investigated. Surface treatment with 70% ethanol to reduce the native microflora on treated melon, followed by immersion in a four-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (10 super(8) CFU/ml) for 10 min, deposited 4.2 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2) and 3.5 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2) of L. monocytogenes on treated and untreated cantaloupe rinds, respectively. L. monocytogenes survived on the treated or untreated cantaloupe rinds for up to 15 days during storage at 4 and 20 degree C, but populations declined by approximately 1 to 2 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2). Fresh-cut pieces prepared from inoculated whole cantaloupes stored at 4 degree C for 24 h after inoculation were positive for L. monocytogenes. Washing inoculated whole cantaloupes in solutions containing 1,000 ppm of chlorine or 5% hydrogen peroxide for 2 min at 1 to 15 days of storage at 4 degree C after inoculation resulted in a 2.0- to 3.5-log reduction in L. monocytogenes on the melon surface. Fresh-cut pieces prepared from the sanitized melons were negative for L. monocytogenes. After direct inoculation onto fresh-cut pieces, L. monocytogenes survived, but did not grow, during 15 days of storage at 4 degree C. Growth was evident by 4 h of storage at 8 and 20 degree C. It is concluded that sanitizing with chlorine or hydrogen peroxide has the potential to reduce or eliminate the transfer of L. monocytogenes on melon surfaces to fresh-cut pieces during cutting. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Ukuku, DO AU - Fett, W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 924 EP - 930 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - ethanol KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18606736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Behavior+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+Inoculated+on+Cantaloupe+Surfaces+and+Efficacy+of+Washing+Treatments+To+Reduce+Transfer+from+Rind+to+Fresh-Cut+Pieces&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+DO%3BFett%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=924&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production, purification and properties of xylanase from a newly isolated Fusarium proliferatum AN - 18602145; 5459258 AB - Fusarium proliferatum (NRRL 26517), was isolated by screening soil samples surrounding decaying corn and wood using corn fibre xylan as carbon source. The extracellular xylanase from this fungal strain was purified 975-fold to homogeneity from the culture supernatant by ammonium sulphate treatment, DEAE Bio-Gel A column chromatography, octyl-Sepharose column chromatography and Bio-gel A-0.5 m gel filtration. The purified xylanase (specific activity 591 U mg super(-1) protein) was a monomeric glycoprotein with a molecular weight (MW) of 22 400 as determined by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for the action of the enzyme were at 5.0-5.5 and 55 degree C, respectively. The purified xylanase was fully stable at pH 5.0-7.5 and temperature up to 55 degree C. It hydrolyzed a variety of xylan substrates mainly to xylobiose and higher short-chain xylooligosaccharides. No xylose was formed. The enzyme did not require metal ions for activity and stability. JF - Process Biochemistry AU - Saha, B C AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 1279 EP - 1284 VL - 37 IS - 11 SN - 0032-9592, 0032-9592 KW - ammonium sulfate KW - characterization KW - production KW - purification KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18602145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Process+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Production%2C+purification+and+properties+of+xylanase+from+a+newly+isolated+Fusarium+proliferatum&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Process+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00329592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and abundance of the Rio Grande sucker in the Carson and Santa Fe National Forests, New Mexico AN - 18468880; 5435263 AB - Rio Grande sucker (Catostomus plebeius) was once common in the Rio Grande basin; however, its current status in New Mexico is unknown. We surveyed 20 streams for Rio Grande sucker in the Carson and Santa Fe National Forests in northern New Mexico. Rio Grande sucker were found in 3 streams on the Carson National Forest. In 2 of these streams Rio Grande sucker co-occurred with white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). On the Santa Fe National Forest, Rio Grande sucker occupied 11 streams in the Jemez River drainage and 2 streams in the Chama River drainage. Rio Grande sucker co-occurred with white sucker in 1 of the 2 streams draining into the Chama River drainage. The abundance of Rio Grande sucker was inversely proportional to stream gradient. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Calamusso, B AU - Rinne, J N AU - Turner, PR AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, The Southwest Forest Science Complex, Flagstaff, AZ 86701, USA, RCalamus@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 182 EP - 186 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Rio grande sucker KW - White sucker KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Q1 01604:Stock assessment and management KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18468880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+abundance+of+the+Rio+Grande+sucker+in+the+Carson+and+Santa+Fe+National+Forests%2C+New+Mexico&rft.au=Calamusso%2C+B%3BRinne%2C+J+N%3BTurner%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Calamusso&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An NADH:Quinone Oxidoreductase Active during Biodegradation by the Brown-Rot Basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum AN - 18456064; 5430286 AB - The brown-rot basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum uses a quinone redox cycle to generate extracellular Fenton reagent, a key component of the biodegradative system expressed by this highly destructive wood decay fungus. The hitherto uncharacterized quinone reductase that drives this cycle is a potential target for inhibitors of wood decay. We have identified the major quinone reductase expressed by G. trabeum under conditions that elicit high levels of quinone redox cycling. The enzyme comprises two identical 22-kDa subunits, each with one molecule of flavin mononucleotide. It is specific for NADH as the reductant and uses the quinones produced by G. trabeum (2,5- dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and 4,5-dimethoxy-1,2-benzoquinone) as electron acceptors. The affinity of the reductase for these quinones is so high that precise kinetic parameters were not obtainable, but it is clear that k sub(cat)/K sub(m) for the quinones is greater than 10 M super(-1) s super(-1). The reductase is encoded by a gene with substantial similarity to NAD(P)H:quinone reductase genes from other fungi. The G. trabeum quinone reductase may function in quinone detoxification, a role often proposed for these enzymes, but we hypothesize that the fungus has recruited it to drive extracellular oxyradical production. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jensen Jr, KA AU - Ryan, Z C AU - Wymelenberg, A V AU - Cullen, D AU - Hammel, KE AD - Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, USDA Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705., kehammel@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 2699 EP - 2703 VL - 68 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - NADH KW - oxidoreductase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18456064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=An+NADH%3AQuinone+Oxidoreductase+Active+during+Biodegradation+by+the+Brown-Rot+Basidiomycete+Gloeophyllum+trabeum&rft.au=Jensen+Jr%2C+KA%3BRyan%2C+Z+C%3BWymelenberg%2C+A+V%3BCullen%2C+D%3BHammel%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Jensen+Jr&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.6.2699-2703.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.6.2699-2703.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sedimentation disrupts natural regeneration of Zannichellia palustris in Fall River, California AN - 18442567; 5420521 AB - Aquatic plants growing in flowing waters frequently inhabit dynamic substrates, subject to erosion or sediment deposition. Rooted macrophytes have disappeared from the upper portions of Fall River, CA where from 0.6 to 1.2 m of sandy sediments have accumulated. We assessed the abundance of Zannichellia palustris L. seeds in the seed bank, and performed experiments to determine the effect of sediment accumulation on germination and emergence of Z. palustris seedlings. In 1996 and 1997, sediment cores were collected from the upper 15 km of Fall River. Cores were placed in a greenhouse and germination monitored for the next 30-40 days. Viable germinating Z. palustris seeds were present in 67% of the cores collected in 1996. Z. palustris seed density was 1219 seeds m super(-2) on average and ranged from 0 to 5920 seeds m super(-2). Seed abundance did not differ between the upper (11 cm) of cores collected in 1996 or 1997. We conducted four experiments in which Z. palustris seeds and natural sediments containing Z. palustris seeds were buried at various depths under sand. Burial by more than 2 cm of sand inhibited germination and emergence. The implication is that significant sediment accumulation may disrupt natural annual regeneration of Z. palustris from seeds, although a viable seed bank is maintained for several years. JF - Aquatic Botany AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS, Exotic & Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Robbins Hall, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, dfspencer@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 137 EP - 147 VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3770, 0304-3770 KW - USA, California, Fall R. KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18442567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Botany&rft.atitle=Sedimentation+disrupts+natural+regeneration+of+Zannichellia+palustris+in+Fall+River%2C+California&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Botany&rft.issn=03043770&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistence and Reversibility of the Elevation in Free Sphingoid Bases Induced by Fumonisin Inhibition of Ceramide Synthase AN - 18440857; 5419959 AB - These studies determined (1) the time course for sphingoid base elevation in the small intestines, liver, and kidney of mice following a single 25 mg/kg body weight (bw) oral dose (high dose) of fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)), (2) the minimum threshold dose of FB sub(1) that would prolong the elevated sphingoid base concentration in kidney following the single high dose, and (3) the importance of the balance between the rate of sphingoid base biosynthesis and degradation in the persistence of sphingoid base accumulation. Following the high dose of FB sub(1), there was an increase in sphinganine in intestinal cells and liver that peaked at 4 to 12 h and declined to near the control level by 48 h. In kidney, sphinganine peaked at 6-12 h but remained elevated until 72 h, approaching control levels at 96-120 h. Oral administration of 0.03 mg FB sub(1)/kg bw (low dose) for 5 days had no effect on the sphingoid bases in kidney. However, following an initial high dose, daily administration of the low dose prolonged the elevation in kidney sphinganine compared to mice receiving a single high dose. Thus, a single exposure to a high dose of FB sub(1) followed by daily exposure at low levels will prolong the elevation of sphinganine in kidney. In cultured renal cells FB sub(1) was rapidly eliminated, but elevated sphinganine was persistent. This persistence in renal cells was rapidly reversed in the presence of the serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor (ISP-1), indicating that the persistence was due to differences in the rates of sphinganine biosynthesis and degradation. The in vivo persistence in kidney may be due to similar differences. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - Enongene, EN AU - Sharma, R P AU - Bhandari, N AU - Miller, J D AU - Meredith, F I AU - Voss, KA AU - Riley, R T AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R. B. Russell Research Center, USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 173 EP - 181 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - ceramide synthase KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18440857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Persistence+and+Reversibility+of+the+Elevation+in+Free+Sphingoid+Bases+Induced+by+Fumonisin+Inhibition+of+Ceramide+Synthase&rft.au=Enongene%2C+EN%3BSharma%2C+R+P%3BBhandari%2C+N%3BMiller%2C+J+D%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BVoss%2C+KA%3BRiley%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Enongene&rft.aufirst=EN&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Use of Soil Solarization for the Management of Soilborne Plant Pathogens in Strawberry and Red Raspberry Production AN - 18427720; 5409811 AB - Root rot caused by Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae and P. fragariae var. rubi are major concerns in strawberry and raspberry production in the Pacific Northwest. Of lesser importance is black root rot of strawberry, caused by a complex of fungi and nematodes. Soil solarization was evaluated in 1997 in a strawberry planting and in 1998 in a raspberry planting for: (i) enhancing plant health and growth, and (ii) reducing population densities of root-destroying pathogens. Plots were solarized from mid-July to mid-September. Maximum and mean soil temperatures in solarized plots recorded at 10 cm depth were 48 and 33 degree C in the strawberry plots and 46 and 29 degree C in the raspberry plots. These temperatures were 7 to 17 degree C higher than temperatures recorded in nonsolarized plots. Soil collected after solarization was assayed by growing bait plants, cv. Totem strawberry or cv. Qualicum raspberry, at 15 degree C for 6 weeks in saturated soil to promote infections. Root health and plant growth were evaluated after 6 weeks. Solarization significantly reduced (P < 0.05) root necrosis and increased root weight of bait plants compared to plants grown in soil from nonsolarized plots. Infection of strawberry roots by P. fragariae, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Cylindrocarpon spp. was reduced (P < 0.05) by solarization in sampled soil. Disease was reduced in cv. Hood strawberries and Qualicum and Skeena red raspberries planted in solarized field plots. In the second growing season, total number and number of healthy primocanes of Qualicum plants were greater (P < 0.05) in solarized plots compared to nonsolarized plots. Solarization combined with applications of mefenoxam was no more effective in controlling diseases than solarization alone, but better than mefenoxam alone. Skeena plants responded similarly, but the differences were not significant. Red raspberry plants growing in solarized soil yielded more fruit than plants growing in nonsolarized soil in the third year after solarization. Solarization has potential as a component in an integrated pest management program of root diseases in raspberry and strawberry production, particularly within the first 2 years following planting. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pinkerton, J N AU - Ivors, K L AU - Reeser, P W AU - Bristow, PR AU - Windom, GE AD - USDA-ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA, pinkertj@bcc.orst.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 645 EP - 651 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - raspberries KW - solarization KW - strawberries KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18427720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=The+Use+of+Soil+Solarization+for+the+Management+of+Soilborne+Plant+Pathogens+in+Strawberry+and+Red+Raspberry+Production&rft.au=Pinkerton%2C+J+N%3BIvors%2C+K+L%3BReeser%2C+P+W%3BBristow%2C+PR%3BWindom%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Pinkerton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Control Agents for Fire Blight of Apple Compared Under Conditions Limiting Natural Dispersal AN - 18425796; 5409810 AB - The efficacy of Pantoea agglomerans strain E325 for control of fire blight of apple was determined in comparative field trials involving other bacterial antagonists. Concurrently, the importance of the natural dispersal of bacteria as a complicating factor was assessed. Tests were performed under two sets of conditions, those that allowed for the dispersal of bacteria via honeybee activity and those that minimized it through the use of translucent polyethylene enclosures around single trees. The enclosures also raised daytime temperatures and allowed for controlled wetting, two factors important to the development of blossom blight. Single-antagonist treatments with strain E325, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506, and P. agglomerans strain C9-1 were applied to open blossoms on each of 10 enclosed trees and 10 nonenclosed trees. During bloom, suspensions of antagonists (10 super(8) CFU/ml) were applied twice with a brush, and a suspension of Erwinia amylovora (10 super(7) CFU/ml) was subsequently applied once using the same method. Two days after inoculation with the pathogen, trees were misted to simulate precipitation. Flower-to-flower spread of antagonistic bacteria was less frequent on trees surrounded by plastic enclosures than on nonenclosed trees. The range and statistical separation of means for population size of E. amylovora and disease incidence among treatments were greater for enclosed trees than for nonenclosed trees. Based on these results, the natural spread of antagonists being compared may mask differences in their efficacy as biocontrol agents. Such distortions and resulting misinterpretations could be lessened by separating treatments widely in large orchard blocks and by monitoring microbial populations. Strain E325 from fresh or lyophilized cultures was consistently more effective than standard antagonists in suppressing E. amylovora and reducing disease incidence. To fully assess its potential use for fire blight, larger-scale trials under various conditions will be necessary. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pusey, P L AD - USDA-ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, pusey@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 639 EP - 644 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18425796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Biological+Control+Agents+for+Fire+Blight+of+Apple+Compared+Under+Conditions+Limiting+Natural+Dispersal&rft.au=Pusey%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Pusey&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Weed Hosts and Tobacco Thrips, Frankliniella fusca, in the Epidemiology of Tomato spotted wilt virus AN - 18425744; 5409798 AB - Wild plant species were systematically sampled to characterize reproduction of thrips, the vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and natural sources TSWV infection. Thrips populations were monitored on 28 common perennial, biennial, and annual plant species over two noncrop seasons at six field locations across North Carolina. Sonchus asper, Stellaria media, and Taraxacum officianale consistently supported the largest populations of immature TSWV vector species. The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, was the most abundant TSWV vector species collected, comprising over 95% of vector species in each survey season. Perennial plant species (i.e., Plantago rugelii and Taraxacum officianale) were often only locally abundant, and many annual species (Cerastium vulgatum, Sonchus asper, and Stellaria media) were more widely distributed. Perennial species, including P. rugelii and Rumex crispus, remained TSWV infected for 2 years in a small-plot field test. Where these perennial species are locally abundant, they may serve as important and long-lasting TSWV inoculum sources. In random surveys across 12 locations in North Carolina, TSWV infection was documented by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 of 72 (49%) common perennial (N = 10), biennial (N = 4), and annual (N = 21) plant species across 18 plant families. Estimated rates of TSWV infection were highest in Cerastium vulgatum (4.2%), Lactuca scariola (1.3%), Molluga verticillata (4.3%), Plantago rugelii (3.4%), Ranunculus sardous (3.6%), Sonchus asper (5.1%), Stellaria media (1.4%), and Taraxacum officianale (5.8%). Nine plant species were determined to be new host recordings for TSWV infection, including Cardamine hirsuta, Eupatorium capillifolium, Geranium carolinianum, Gnaphalium purpureum, Linaria canadense, Molluga verticillata, Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Raphanus raphanistrum, and Triodanis perfoliata. Our findings document the relative potential of a number of common annual, biennial, and perennial plant species to act as important reproductive sites for F. fusca and as acquisition sources of TSWV for spread to susceptible crops. JF - Plant Disease AU - Groves, R L AU - Walgenbach, J F AU - Moyer, J W AU - Kennedy, G G AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Protection Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, Russell.Groves@maine.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 573 EP - 582 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Common thrips KW - Thysanoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01028:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18425744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Weed+Hosts+and+Tobacco+Thrips%2C+Frankliniella+fusca%2C+in+the+Epidemiology+of+Tomato+spotted+wilt+virus&rft.au=Groves%2C+R+L%3BWalgenbach%2C+J+F%3BMoyer%2C+J+W%3BKennedy%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae) on Polygyne Colonies of Red Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) AN - 18413944; 5400531 AB - Three studies were conducted to assess the effects of the entomopathogen Thelohania solenopsae on polygynous, red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, colonies. A total of 57 of 122 queens (46.7%) from nine, field-collected, polygyne, S. invicta colonies, was infected with T. solenopsae. Infection rate of queens for each colony ranged from 25 to 75%. Laboratory colonies of polygyne S. invicta , with three to 12 queens, were inoculated and infected with T. solenopsae. Brood levels in all infected colonies declined to 0 after 26-52 wk. Brood did not reappear in any of the colonies after 3-11 wk, even though in two of the eight infected colonies, five fertile queens that were uninfected were recovered. Thus, polygyne, S. invicta colonies infected with T. solenopsae , which were confined and isolated under laboratory conditions, did not recover. Field plots that contained polygynous S. invicta colonies, which were infected with T. solenopsae , were monitored over a 2-yr period. Infection rates increased during the study and reached a maximum of 93%. Fire ant nest density and colony sizes fluctuated over time, with maximum reduction of 63% per plot. In general, fire ant reductions were attributed to smaller colony sizes. T. solenopsae infections in polygynous S. invicta can result in a slow colony decline and death. Under field conditions, the prolonged colony death may mask the impact of T. solenopsae by allowing for concurrent reinfestations. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Oi, D H AU - Williams, D F Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 558 EP - 562 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Ants KW - Hymenoptera KW - Red imported fire ant KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18413944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Thelohania+solenopsae+%28Microsporidia%3A+Thelohaniidae%29+on+Polygyne+Colonies+of+Red+Imported+Fire+Ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29&rft.au=Oi%2C+D+H%3BWilliams%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Oi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282002%29095%280558%3AIOTSMT%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=95&page=558 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2002)095(0558:IOTSMT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Temperature on the Life Cycle of Lydella jalisco (Diptera: Tachinidae), a Parasitoid of Eoreuma loftini (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) AN - 18412461; 5400860 AB - The effect of temperature on development, survival, and adult longevity of Lydella jalisco Woodley (Diptera: Tachinidae), a parasitoid of the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was studied under laboratory conditions. Development times of L. jalisco larvae and pupae decreased with temperatures in the range 15-35 'C. However, survival was greater at cooler temperatures similar to those encountered in the parasitoid's native habitat; percentage of adult emergence was 62.5% at 20 'C compared with 9.5% at 35 'C. The lower temperature threshold for development of larvae was 14.5 'C, whereas for pupae it was 13.8 'C. Adult lifespan was also affected by high temperatures. Adult parasitoids lived 20 to 25 d at temperatures in the range 15-25 'C, whereas they lived 4 to 6 d at 35-40 'C. For <10 consecutive hours, temperatures exceeding 30 'C prevail in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas during the months of May through September when populations of E. loftini reach an economic threshold. Therefore, the potential efficacy of L. jalisco as a biological control agent of E. loftini in south Texas should be examined closely because mated females of L. jalisco require 7-14 d for maximum egg fertilization and embryonic development. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Lauziere, I AU - Setamou, M AU - Legaspi, J AU - Jones, W AD - USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Plant Protection Laboratory, Moore Air Base, Bldg. S-6017, Route 3, Box 1008, Edinburg, TX, 78539 (Isabelle, Lauziere@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 432 EP - 437 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Pyralid moths KW - Tachinid flies KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18412461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Temperature+on+the+Life+Cycle+of+Lydella+jalisco+%28Diptera%3A+Tachinidae%29%2C+a+Parasitoid+of+Eoreuma+loftini+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29&rft.au=Lauziere%2C+I%3BSetamou%2C+M%3BLegaspi%2C+J%3BJones%2C+W&rft.aulast=Lauziere&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282002%29031%280432%3AEOTOTL%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2002)031(0432:EOTOTL)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Interact with Intraepithelial Mononuclear Cells AN - 18309450; 5370723 AB - Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are found in multiple species and play an important role in the development of mucosal immunity. The mechanism by which the bacteria interact with the immune system has not been well defined. We provide morphologic evidence of direct interaction between SFB and intraepithelial mononuclear cells. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Meyerholz, D K AU - Stabel, T J AU - Cheville, N F AD - NADC, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010., tstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 3277 EP - 3280 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Filamentous bacteria KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Mucosa KW - Immune response KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18309450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Segmented+Filamentous+Bacteria+Interact+with+Intraepithelial+Mononuclear+Cells&rft.au=Meyerholz%2C+D+K%3BStabel%2C+T+J%3BCheville%2C+N+F&rft.aulast=Meyerholz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.6.3277-3280.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filamentous bacteria; Immune response; Host-pathogen interactions; Mucosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.6.3277-3280.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid Intercalibration Effort Using Replicate Samples AN - 17922536; 5866603 AB - The measurement of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) has several inherent problems, including the lack of commercial standards for identification and quantification. This symposium provided the opportunity to coordinate analyses with six laboratories actively involved in MAA research. Two samples were provided to each laboratory and included freeze-dried nori (Porphyra sp.) and a freeze-dried (filtered) sample of the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetzing. Each laboratory provided extraction methodologies, chromatograms of the identified peaks, as well as estimates of the concentration of each analyte. All laboratories were able to identify major chromatographic components of the samples (Porphyra: shinorine, porphyra, mycosporine 2-glycine, asterina, palythine; Microcystis: shinorine, porphyra). Sequential cold (4 degree C for 18 h) and hot (45 degree C for 2 h) extractions of the same sample resulted in differing analyte recovery. Several currently unidentified compounds were observed in freshwater samples. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Zimba, P V AU - Boue, S AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 41 VL - 38 IS - S1 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - Mycosporine-like amino acid KW - Mycosporine-like amino acids KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Amino acids KW - Brackish KW - Calibration KW - Separation processes KW - Microcystis aeruginosa KW - Freshwater KW - Defence mechanisms KW - Standardization KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Analytical techniques KW - Porphyra KW - Defense mechanisms KW - Chemical extraction KW - Cyanophyta KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q4 27420:Other KW - K 03024:Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17922536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Mycosporine-Like+Amino+Acid+Intercalibration+Effort+Using+Replicate+Samples&rft.au=Zimba%2C+P+V%3BBoue%2C+S&rft.aulast=Zimba&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1529-8817.38.s1.11.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Standardization; Amino acids; Analytical techniques; Ultraviolet radiation; Calibration; Separation processes; Defence mechanisms; Chemical extraction; Defense mechanisms; Porphyra; Microcystis aeruginosa; Cyanophyta; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.38.s1.11.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycosporines: Detection Methodologies and Assessment AN - 17920692; 5866595 AB - Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are found in a variety of prokaryotic and eucaryotic algae, as well as higher plants, fungi, and animals. These compounds function as a photoprotective sunscreen to prevent ultra-violet light damage. MAAs may thus be one of the competitive advantages that facilitated development of ozone (by oxytrophs), and thereby may be a competitive advantage for the proliferation of cyanobacteria and other harmful algal species. Numerous difficulties exist with assessment of MAAs, including identification of the compounds, conversion of isomers during HPLC preparation as a result of pH shifts, as well as the ecological implications of the presence, concentration, and forms of these compounds. This symposium will provide opportunities for intercalibration of laboratories involved in MAA analyses, suggestions regarding standardization of extraction protocols, as well as results from field- and laboratory-based studies. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Zimba, P V AU - Wulff, A AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 38, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 41 VL - 38 IS - S1 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - Mycosporine-like amino acids KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Amino acids KW - Extraction KW - Man-induced effects KW - Defence mechanisms KW - Concentration KW - Light effects KW - Standardization KW - U.V. radiation KW - Ultraviolet radiation KW - Detection KW - Analytical techniques KW - Chemical extraction KW - Cyanophyta KW - pH effects KW - Chemical analysis KW - Ozone KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - Q4 27420:Other KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - K 03024:Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17920692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Mycosporines%3A+Detection+Methodologies+and+Assessment&rft.au=Zimba%2C+P+V%3BWulff%2C+A&rft.aulast=Zimba&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1529-8817.38.s1.10.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Standardization; Amino acids; Analytical techniques; Detection; Ultraviolet radiation; Man-induced effects; Chemical extraction; Defence mechanisms; Chemical analysis; pH effects; Ozone; U.V. radiation; Extraction; Concentration; Light effects; Cyanophyta DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.38.s1.10.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphatase Expression by Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae) is Mediated by Internal Phosphorus Levels and External pH AN - 17918298; 5866522 AB - Phosphorus has been implicated as one of the causative agents of the eutrophication of lacustrine, estuarine and coastal waters. One of the major inputs of phosphorus into these waters comes from agricultural nonpoint sources in the form of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). In order to better understand how DOP may directly impact the microalgal community structure, it is necessary to understand the physiology of DOP uptake and utilization. To this end, cultures of Chlorella vulgaris were grown in custom photobioreactors in acid (pH 5.5) and alkaline (pH 7.5) media under phosphate replete and starved conditions in order to determine the types and triggers of phosphatase expression by this organism. Analysis of differential phosphatase expression during phosphate stress indicates that cultures of C. vulgaris grown under alkaline conditions derepressibly express two alkaline phosphatases, while cultures grown under acid conditions weakly express only one alkaline phosphatase. Analysis of internal and external phosphorus levels, whole-cell phosphatase activity and in-gel activity of protein extracts indicate that alkaline phosphatase expression is further mediated by internal, as opposed to external, phosphorus levels. JF - Journal of Phycology AU - Evens, T J AU - Koenig, R AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - June 2002 SP - 7 EP - 8 VL - 38 IS - S1 SN - 0022-3646, 0022-3646 KW - phosphatase KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Bioremediation KW - Chlorophyta KW - Eutrophication KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Phosphorus KW - Enzymes KW - Freshwater KW - Coastal waters KW - Environmental factors KW - Chlorella vulgaris KW - Community structure KW - Bioreactors KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Uptake KW - Expression KW - Enzymatic activity KW - pH effects KW - Dissolved organic phosphorus KW - Q1 08226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - K 03019:Algae KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17918298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.atitle=Phosphatase+Expression+by+Chlorella+vulgaris+%28Chlorophyceae%29+is+Mediated+by+Internal+Phosphorus+Levels+and+External+pH&rft.au=Evens%2C+T+J%3BKoenig%2C+R&rft.aulast=Evens&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phycology&rft.issn=00223646&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1529-8817.38.s1.20.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioremediation; Water pollution treatment; Agricultural pollution; Phosphorus; Enzymes; Uptake; Enzymatic activity; pH effects; Environmental factors; Dissolved organic phosphorus; Eutrophication; Community structure; Bioreactors; Expression; Coastal waters; Chlorophyta; Chlorella vulgaris; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.38.s1.20.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methane emissions from swine lagoons in Southeastern US AN - 16153129; 5449259 AB - Concentrated animal production can have a significant effect on the atomospheric environment. Methane (CH sub(4)) emissions from two swine waste holding lagoons were determined periodically in 1997 and 1998. Emission rates from the lagoons were measured under ambient conditions with little disturbance to the natural environment. One farm (NC10) used a periodic 'flush' to remove wastes (8 h cycle). The second farm (NC20) used a 'pull-plug' system with a 1 week cycle time. In general, flux rates followed a diurnal pattern with greater fluxes during the day when both temperature and windspeed were greatest. Methane emissions from the lagoons were related to windspeed, effluent temperature and volatile solid loading into the system. Average emissions from NC10 ranged from 20 to 115 kg CH sub(4) ha super(-1) per day. Greatest emissions were during the spring period when the sludge depth was deepest. Emissions from NC20 were much less (5.3-10.7 kg CH sub(4) ha super(-1) per day) due primarily to fewer number of animals and type of manure handling system. Emissions followed a diurnal pattern with greatest emissions during the day when effluent temperature was greatest. The average flux for the year from the two lagoons were 62 and 8 kg CH sub(4) ha super(-1) per day which corresponded to 6.0 and 1.6 kg CH sub(4) per animal per year, respectively. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Sharpe, R R AU - Harper, LA AU - Byers, F M AD - J. Phil Cambell Sr. Natural Resource Conservation Center, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA, rsharpe@arches.uga.edu Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 17 EP - 24 VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Diurnal variations KW - Methane KW - Animal wastes KW - Manure KW - Farms KW - Sludges KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Temperature KW - Wastes KW - Methane emission from animals KW - USA, Southeast KW - Effluents KW - Lagoons KW - Livestock KW - Air pollution KW - Methane trends KW - Volatiles KW - Emission measurements KW - Methane fluctuations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16153129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Methane+emissions+from+swine+lagoons+in+Southeastern+US&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+R+R%3BHarper%2C+LA%3BByers%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Methane; Farms; Volatiles; Sludges; Wastes; Effluents; Lagoons; Methane trends; Methane emission from animals; Methane fluctuations; Air pollution; Diurnal variations; Manure; Animal wastes; Pollution dispersion; Emission measurements; Temperature; Livestock; USA, Southeast ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Prescribed Fire on Shinnery Oak ( Quercus havardii) Plant Communities in Western Oklahoma AN - 16149453; 5399854 AB - Changes in structural and compositional attributes of shinnery oak (Quercus havardii Rydb.) plant communities have occurred in the twentieth century. These changes may in part relate to altered fire regimes. Our objective was to document effects of prescribed fire in fall (October), winter (February), and spring (April) on plant composition. Three study sites were located in western Oklahoma; each contained 12, 60 x 30-m plots that were designated, within site, to be seasonally burned, annually burned, or left unburned. Growing season canopy cover for herbaceous and woody species was estimated in 1997-1998 (post-treatment). At one year post-fire, burning in any season reduced shrub cover, and spring burns reduced cover most. Winter and annual fires increased cover of rhizomatous tallgrasses, whereas burning in any season decreased little bluestem cover. Perennial forbs increased with fall and winter fire. Shrub stem density increased with fire in any season. Communities returned rapidly to pre-burn composition with increasing time since fire. Fire effects on herbaceous vegetation appear to be manifested through increases in bare ground and reduction of overstory shrub dominance. Prescribed fire can be used as a tool in restoration efforts to increase or maintain within and between community plant diversity. Our data suggest that some plant species may require or benefit from fire in specific seasons. Additional research is needed to determine the long-term effects of repeated fire over time. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Boyd, C S AU - Bidwell, T G AD - USDA-ARS, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, HC 71, 4.51 Hwy. 205, Burns, OR 97720, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 324 EP - 333 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Quercus havardii KW - Fires KW - Vegetation changes KW - Plant communities KW - Environmental restoration KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16149453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Prescribed+Fire+on+Shinnery+Oak+%28+Quercus+havardii%29+Plant+Communities+in+Western+Oklahoma&rft.au=Boyd%2C+C+S%3BBidwell%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1526-100X.2002.01021.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Vegetation changes; Plant communities; Environmental restoration; Quercus havardii; USA, Oklahoma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01021.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoring fire as an ecological process in shortgrass prairie ecosystems: initial effects of prescribed burning during the dormant and growing seasons AN - 16148896; 5407870 AB - Prior to Anglo-European settlement, fire was a major ecological process influencing the structure, composition and productivity of shortgrass prairie ecosystems on the Great Plains. However during the past 125 years, the frequency and extent of grassland fire has dramatically declined as a result of the systematic heavy grazing by large herds of domestic cattle and sheep which reduced the available levels of fine fuel and organized fire suppression efforts that succeeded in altering the natural fire regime. The greatly diminished role of recurrent fire in these ecosystems is thought to be responsible for ecologically adverse shifts in the composition, structure and diversity of these grasslands, leading specifically to the rise of ruderal species and invasion by less fire-tolerant species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecological effects of fire season and frequency on the shortgrass prairie and to determine the means by which prescribed fire can best be restored in this ecosystem to provide the greatest benefit for numerous resource values. Plant cover, diversity, biomass and nutrient status, litter cover and soil chemistry were measured prior to and following fire treatments on a buffalograss-blue grama shortgrass prairie in northeastern New Mexico. Dormant-season fire was followed by increases in grass cover, forb cover, species richness and concentrations of foliar P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn. Growing-season fire produced declines in the cover of buffalograss, graminoids and forbs and increases in litter cover and levels of foliar P, K, Ca and Mn. Although no changes in soil chemistry were observed, both fire treatments caused decreases in herbaceous production, with standing biomass resulting from growing-season fire similar to [puncsp]600 kg/ha and dormant-season fire similar to 1200 kg/ha, compared with controls similar to 1800 kg/ha. The initial findings of this long-term experiment suggest that dormant-season burning may be the preferable method for restoring fire in shortgrass prairie ecosystems where fire has been excluded for a prolonged time period. Copyright Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Brockway, D AU - Gatewood, R AU - Paris, R AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 520 Devall Drive, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA, dbrockway@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 135 EP - 152 PB - Academic Press VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Prairies KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Environmental restoration KW - Burning KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16148896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Restoring+fire+as+an+ecological+process+in+shortgrass+prairie+ecosystems%3A+initial+effects+of+prescribed+burning+during+the+dormant+and+growing+seasons&rft.au=Brockway%2C+D%3BGatewood%2C+R%3BParis%2C+R&rft.aulast=Brockway&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjema.2002.0540 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prairies; Fires; Environmental restoration; Burning; USA, New Mexico DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.2002.0540 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term changes in chemical features of waters of seven Ethiopian rift-valley lakes AN - 16143619; 5536079 AB - Chemical and chlorophyll a concentrations of seven Ethiopian rift-valley lakes were studied during 1990-2000. Results were compared with studies made between 1960 and 1990 in an attempt to detect long-term changes. Three different trends are apparent in the salinities (and the correlates conductivity, alkalinity, sodium concentration) of these lakes over the last 40 years: three lakes (lakes Zwai, Shalla and Abaya) have maintained their salinity levels from the 1960s, two lakes (lakes Langano and Awassa) have become more dilute, and the salinity levels of Lake Chamo and the soda lake Abijata have increased. Concentrations of silicate decreased in almost all the lakes whereas soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) increased in most lakes. Chlorophyll a concentrations were higher in the recent samples from all lakes except two, which in conjunction with results from SRP and silicate analyses suggest eutrophication in four out of the seven lakes studied. The study relates salinization in lakes with closed drainage to increased human activities in their catchments, intensified by changes in climate during the last three decades in sub-Saharan Africa. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Zinabu, G M AU - Kebede-Westhead, E AU - Desta, Z AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A., westheae@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 81 EP - 91 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 477 IS - 1 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Ethiopia, Abaya L. KW - Ethiopia, Abijata L. KW - Ethiopia, Awassa L. KW - Ethiopia, Chamo L. KW - Ethiopia, Langano L. KW - Ethiopia, Shalla L. KW - Ethiopia, Zwai L. KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Chlorophylls KW - Chlorophyll KW - Eutrophication KW - Climatic changes KW - Phosphorus KW - Phytoplankton KW - Man-induced effects KW - Freshwater KW - Chemical Properties KW - Water quality KW - Silicates KW - Time dependent KW - Salinity KW - Lakes KW - Chlorophyll A KW - Rift valleys KW - Algae KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Data Collections KW - Water Quality KW - Salinization KW - Data collections KW - Sodium KW - Pigment (Photosynthetic) KW - Long-term changes KW - Chemical properties KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16143619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Long-term+changes+in+chemical+features+of+waters+of+seven+Ethiopian+rift-valley+lakes&rft.au=Zinabu%2C+G+M%3BKebede-Westhead%2C+E%3BDesta%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Zinabu&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=477&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorophylls; Eutrophication; Climatic changes; Phosphorus; Man-induced effects; Phytoplankton; Data collections; Water quality; Silicates; Sodium; Lakes; Salinity; Long-term changes; Chemical properties; Rift valleys; Chlorophyll; Time dependent; Pigment (Photosynthetic); Water Quality; Data Collections; Chlorophyll A; Salinization; Chemical Properties; Temporal Distribution; Algae; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing three geophysical tools for locating sand blows in alluvial soils of southeast Missouri AN - 16136167; 5429299 AB - The level, moderately fine and fine-textured, poorly and very poorly drained alluvial soils of the southern Mississippi River Valley are well suited to rice production. However, in many areas, small inclusions of more rapidly permeable, coarse-textured soils occur as sand blows. Because of their more rapid permeability, these included soils are considered marginal for rice production. In this study, an EM38 meter, a GEM300 sensor, and a Veris 3100 soil EC mapping system were compared and used to assess clay content and to locate sand blows in southeastern Missouri. All three tools produced similar gross spatial patterns of apparent conductivity that corresponded to mapped soil delineations and changes in clay content. However, spatial patterns of apparent conductivity are more intricate than major soil patterns and indicate soil map unit inclusions. Moderate correlations (r = 0.39 to 0.71) were found between apparent conductivity and average clay content of the 0 to 25 cm layer. Correlations improved (r = 0.63 to 0.90) as the clay content was averaged over the 0 to 75 cm and the 0 to 100 cm depth intervals. As spatial patterns reflect differences in clay content, these tools can be used to help locate small, included areas of coarse-textured soils that might otherwise be overlooked. JF - Journal of Soil and Water Conservation AU - Doolittle, JA AU - Indorante, S J AU - Potter, D K AU - Hefner, S G AU - McCauley, WM AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center in Newtown Square, PA, USA Y1 - 2002/06// PY - 2002 DA - Jun 2002 SP - 175 EP - 182 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4561, 0022-4561 KW - USA, Mississippi R. KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Rice KW - Water conservation KW - Correlations KW - Dust transport KW - Clays KW - Sand transport KW - Alluvial Soils KW - USA, Mississippi R. Valley KW - USA, Missouri KW - Geophysics KW - Soil Properties KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 551.555:Specific Locations (551.555) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16136167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.atitle=Comparing+three+geophysical+tools+for+locating+sand+blows+in+alluvial+soils+of+southeast+Missouri&rft.au=Doolittle%2C+JA%3BIndorante%2C+S+J%3BPotter%2C+D+K%3BHefner%2C+S+G%3BMcCauley%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Doolittle&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-06-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Soil+and+Water+Conservation&rft.issn=00224561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Sand transport; Water conservation; Dust transport; Correlations; Alluvial Soils; Rice; Soil Properties; Geophysics; Clays; USA, Mississippi R. Valley; USA, Missouri ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of soybean meal replacement by cottonseed meal and iron supplementation on growth, immune response and resistance of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge AN - 18310130; 5370308 AB - Three basal diets containing 0%, 27.5% and 55.0% solvent-extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) as replacements of 0%, 50% and 100% of solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) on an equal nitrogen basis were each supplemented with three levels of iron (40, 336 and 671 mg/kg) from ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (3 x 3 factorial experiment). Each diet was fed to juvenile channel catfish in triplicate aquaria twice daily to apparent satiation for 10 weeks for subsequent determination of growth response, hematology, specific and non-specific immune response, and mortality following Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge. Fish fed diets containing 27.5% CSM as a replacement of 50% of SBM had improved weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency ratio (FER). Total replacement of SBM by 55.0% CSM decreased WG, feed intake (FI) and FER. Total cell count (TCC), red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) were not affected by dietary levels of CSM. Iron supplementation significantly affected TCC and RBC and maximum values of these parameters were obtained at 336 mg of iron/kg diet. However, Ht and Hb were not affected by increasing levels of supplemental iron. Values for TCC, RBC and Hb were significantly affected by the interaction between dietary levels of CSM and iron. For fish fed the diet containing 0% CSM (SBM-based diets), these parameters increased linearly with increasing dietary levels of iron. When CSM levels were increased to 27.5% or higher, 336 mg supplemental iron was sufficient for maximum hematological values. Macrophage chemotaxis in the presence of exoantigen was significantly higher for fish fed diets containing 55.0% CSM as compared to those fed the lower CSM diets. Agglutinating antibody titers were also significantly higher for fish fed diets containing CSM, but the values did not differ for those fed the 27.5% or 55.0% CSM diets. Dietary levels of iron, and interactions between dietary levels of iron and CSM had no effect on macrophage chemotaxis and antibody titers. Cumulative mortality at 15 days post-challenge was significantly higher for fish fed the SBM-based diet (0% CSM) at 54.4% as compared to 35.0% and 21.6% for those fed the 27.5% and 55.0% CSM diets, respectively. No differences were observed among mortality of fish fed the CSM-containing diets. Dietary levels of iron supplementation, and the interactions between dietary levels of iron and CSM had no effect on post-challenged mortality of fish. JF - Aquaculture AU - Barros, M M AU - Lim, C AU - Klesius, PH AD - Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, MSA, P.O. Box 952, 36831-0952 Auburn, AL USA Y1 - 2002/05/24/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 24 SP - 263 EP - 279 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 207 IS - 3-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - cottonseed meal KW - soybean KW - soybean meal KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Growth rate KW - Macrophages KW - Animal nutrition KW - Diets KW - Parasites KW - Mortality KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - Immunity KW - Disease resistance KW - Parasite resistance KW - Nutrition KW - Glycine max KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Haematology KW - Feed composition KW - Micropus KW - Feeding experiments KW - Proteins KW - Immune response KW - Iron KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18310130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Effect+of+soybean+meal+replacement+by+cottonseed+meal+and+iron+supplementation+on+growth%2C+immune+response+and+resistance+of+Channel+Catfish+%28Ictalurus+punctatus%29+to+Edwardsiella+ictaluri+challenge&rft.au=Barros%2C+M+M%3BLim%2C+C%3BKlesius%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Barros&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-05-24&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Animal nutrition; Macrophages; Growth rate; Mortality; Parasites; Disease resistance; Immunity; Parasite resistance; Feed composition; Haematology; Proteins; Feeding experiments; Iron; Immune response; Nutrition; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Micropus; Ictalurus punctatus; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating historical range and variation of landscape patch dynamics: limitations of the simulation approach AN - 18433325; 5405241 AB - Landscape patterns in the northwestern United States are mostly shaped by the interaction of fire and succession, and conversely, vegetation patterns influence fire dynamics and plant colonization processes. Historical landscape pattern dynamics can be used by resource managers to assess current landscape conditions and develop target spatial characteristics for management activities. The historical range and variability (HRV) of landscape pattern can be quantified from simulated chronosequences of landscape vegetation maps and can be used to (1) describe temporal variation in patch statistics, (2) develop limits of acceptable change, and (3) design landscape treatment guidelines for ecosystem management. Although this simulation approach has many advantages, the limitations of this method have not been explored in detail. To demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, we performed several simulation experiments using the spatially explicit, multiple pathway model a LANDscape Succession Model (LANDSUM) to quantify the range and variability in six class and landscape pattern metrics for four landscapes in the northwestern United States. First, we applied the model to spatially nested landscapes to evaluate the effect of landscape size on the HRV pattern metrics. Next, we averaged the HRV pattern metrics across maps generated from simulation time spans of 100, 500, and 1000 years and intervals 5, 10, 25 and 50 years to assess optimal output generation parameters. We then altered the elevation data layer to evaluate effect of topography on pattern metrics, and cut various shapes (circle, rectangle, square) from a landscape to examine landscape shape and orientation influences. Then, we altered the input vegetation maps to assess the influence of initial conditions on landscape metrics output. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of input fire probabilities and transition times was performed. Results indicate landscapes should be quite large to realistically simulation fire pattern. Landscape shape, and orientation are critically important to quantifying patch metrics. Simulation output need only be stored every 20-50 years but landscapes should be simulated for long time periods ( greater than or equal to 1000 years). All landscapes are unique so conclusions generated here may not be entirely applicable to all western US landscapes. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Keane, R E AU - Parsons, R A AU - Hessburg, P F AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 8089 Missoula, MT 59807, USA, rkeane@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/05/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 15 SP - 29 EP - 49 VL - 151 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18433325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Estimating+historical+range+and+variation+of+landscape+patch+dynamics%3A+limitations+of+the+simulation+approach&rft.au=Keane%2C+R+E%3BParsons%2C+R+A%3BHessburg%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-05-15&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid, Non-Destructive Selection of Peanuts for High Aflatoxin Content by Soaking and Tandem Mass Spectrometry AN - 18629172; 5538117 AB - Peanut lots are subject to aflatoxin levels high enough to cause concern to health agencies and trade channels. A possible solution would be to mechanically sort out high aflatoxin nuts from the process stream. Only highly contaminated nuts would need to be removed. However, there exists at present no sorting mechanism which meets commercial needs of adequate reduction and product preservation. To build such a sorter requires knowledge of the properties that can be used for sorting. The first step in the design is to select on the order of one hundred undamaged contaminated nuts which can be compared with noncontaminated ones. Because contaminated nuts are rare, a very large number of nuts needs to be examined nondestructively. We present a method to rapidly carry out such a selection. The method is based on dipping nuts into extraction fluid and examining the resulting fluid by tandem MS without preliminary cleanup. This method has been applied to examine over 65,000 nuts, yielding approximately 120 nuts, each containing more than 250-43000 ng/g aflatoxin (depending on process stream). JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Schatzki, T F AU - Haddon, W F AD - Western Regional Research Center, Pacific West Area, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA Y1 - 2002/05/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 08 SP - 3062 EP - 3069 VL - 50 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18629172?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Rapid%2C+Non-Destructive+Selection+of+Peanuts+for+High+Aflatoxin+Content+by+Soaking+and+Tandem+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.au=Schatzki%2C+T+F%3BHaddon%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Schatzki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-05-08&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3062&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf010848m LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf010848m ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Ractopamine in Incurred Samples from Food Animals AN - 18627514; 5538100 AB - A monoclonal antibody-based ractopamine immunoassay has been applied to incurred samples from sheep and cattle. Results obtained by immunoassay were compared with those from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Three sets of sample extracts containing primarily unmetabolized ractopamine were analyzed. Correlation of HPLC with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for beef liver samples gave an r super(2) = 0.98 despite rather low ractopamine concentrations (range 1.1-13.4 ng/mL, n = 6). Ractopamine concentrations in cow urine samples treated by solid phase extraction, to remove ractopamine metabolites, also showed a high correlation between the HPLC and the ELISA results (r super(2) = 0.95, range 1.0-275 ng/mL, n = 61). In contrast, HPLC and ELISA analyses of ractopamine in sheep urine were not well-correlated (r super(2) = 0.58, range 0.85-51 ng/mL, n = 34). When ractopamine conjugates in urine samples were hydrolyzed with hydrolytic enzymes, ELISA and HPLC methods were highly correlated [r super(2) = 0.94 for sheep (range 123-10 554 ppb, n = 60) and an r super(2) = 0.98 for cattle (range 14-8159 ppb, n = 62)]. Tissues contained only minute amounts of ractopamine, and after 7-day withdrawal periods, less than 1 ppb of free ractopamine was detected. Ractopamine was rapidly metabolized in both cattle and sheep. The difference in ractopamine concentration of urine samples before and after hydrolysis indicated that only 1-5% of ractopamine was excreted unmetabolized. Results from this study indicate that the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA could be useful for a sensitive, quantitative, or qualitative ractopamine screening assay. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Shelver, W L AU - Smith, D J AD - Biosciences Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 5674 University Station, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA Y1 - 2002/05/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 08 SP - 2742 EP - 2747 VL - 50 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Ractopamine KW - cattle KW - sheep KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18627514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Application+of+a+Monoclonal+Antibody-Based+Enzyme-Linked+Immunosorbent+Assay+for+the+Determination+of+Ractopamine+in+Incurred+Samples+from+Food+Animals&rft.au=Shelver%2C+W+L%3BSmith%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Shelver&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-05-08&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf011372%2B LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf011372+ ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation among Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains relative to their growth, survival, thermal inactivation, and toxin production in broth AN - 18337260; 5388553 AB - To estimate the potential outcomes of food processing on the fate of foodborne pathogens, variations in microbial parameters such as growth rate, survival time, thermal inactivation time, and toxin production must be known. Previous microbial studies using single strains or cocktails provide error estimates for the uncertainty of the experimental and statistical procedures, but not for variations among strains. In this study, the behavior of 17 strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were followed when placed in synthetic media that permitted growth, survival, or thermal inactivation. The parameter values were not rejected as being normal, lognormal, gamma, or Weibull distributions. The ratio of the standard deviation to mean (normal distribution) for the exponential growth rate was 0.16 and for the lag phase duration, it was 0.38. The ratios of times to achieve a 4 - log sub(10) reduction at two survival conditions were 0.39 and 0.46; ratios of thermal D values at 55 and 60 degree C were 0.42 and 0.33, respectively. The ratio of the negative log sub(10) of toxin production was 0.24. These distributions are larger than the coefficient of variations observed for experimental errors in single strain and cocktail experiments. This indicates the limitations in precision that predictions of future population numbers can have when the potential presence of all strains needs to be considered. This variation among strains is applicable whether predictions are made by traditional subjective and point estimates or by using models and risk assessments. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Whiting, R C AU - Golden, M H AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, richard.whiting@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/05/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 05 SP - 127 EP - 133 VL - 75 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Risk assessment KW - Growth rate KW - Toxins KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Escherichia coli KW - J 02721:Cell cycle, morphology and motility KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18337260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Variation+among+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+strains+relative+to+their+growth%2C+survival%2C+thermal+inactivation%2C+and+toxin+production+in+broth&rft.au=Whiting%2C+R+C%3BGolden%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-05-05&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Food-borne diseases; Growth rate; Toxins; Risk assessment; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rainfall concentration under olive trees AN - 18578093; 5320078 AB - To determine the existence of rainfall concentration beneath olive trees, throughfall and stemflow was measured in three olive trees during 12 rainfall events, using 36 rain gauges per tree and a stemflow collection system. Data from different rainfall events were aggregated to assess the spatial correlation in throughfall. Only one out of the three trees showed a clear spatial dependency structure.Rainfall concentration under the tree canopy, as a consequence of rainfall redistribution of throughfall, was relatively unimportant with few and sparse locations showing a percentage of throughfall with respect to rainfall in open area >100% and none above 125%. Throughfall showed a consistent storm to storm pattern in spatial distribution among high rainfall events, and non-consistent patterns among low rainfall events. Stemflow was found to be the most important mechanism of canopy induced flux concentration, in events where rainfall depth was large enough to saturate the olive canopy. Stemflow was estimated to infiltrate in a radial area up to 0.5 m from the tree trunk, depending on tree characteristics and rainfall intensity. The area surrounding the tree trunk appears to be the most relevant area for potential research dealing with the influence of concentrated canopy induced water fluxes on the transport of chemicals to deeper layers within the soil. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Gomez, JA AU - Vanderlinden, K AU - Giraldez, J V AU - Fereres, E AD - National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS-MWA, 1196 Soil Building, 47906 West Lafayette, IN USA Y1 - 2002/05/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 02 SP - 53 EP - 70 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.577:General Precipitation (551.577) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18578093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Rainfall+concentration+under+olive+trees&rft.au=Gomez%2C+JA%3BVanderlinden%2C+K%3BGiraldez%2C+J+V%3BFereres%2C+E&rft.aulast=Gomez&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-05-02&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal water balance of an Ozark hillslope AN - 1665488899; 5320079 AB - Analysis of field water balance components provides information necessary to minimize the risk of offsite movement of contaminants from crop production practices or animal manure applications. The objective of this study was to determine the timing and amount of surface runoff and drainage from the root zone for a hillslope in the Ozark Highlands of US. A 0.4 ha watershed with slopes of 8-20% having tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cover was established in northwestern Arkansas (35 degree 56'W, 93 degree 51'N). Continuous measurements of water balance parameters were made from June 1997 to August 1998. Soil water drainage was estimated as the residual of weekly water balance calculations. Runoff occurred in response to three precipitation events in the winter of 1998 and totaled 30.6 mm of water or 2.6% of the 1185 mm of precipitation that fell at the site during the study period. Storms of comparable or greater intensity during other seasons failed to produce runoff, a result that was likely due to dry soil conditions and taller grass canopy. Drainage through the root zone totaled 117 mm and occurred primarily during an 83-day interval in the winter of 1998. The water balance was dominated by evaporation, which accounted for 91% (1080 mm) of the precipitation. Tall fescue was capable of sustaining relatively high evaporation rates between infrequent summer rains thereby dewatering the soil profile, which was not replenished until winter. Delaying spring animal manure applications in the Ozarks until evaporation has increased and the soil profile has begun to dry would decrease the risk of offsite transport of potential contaminants contained in the manure. JF - Agricultural Water Management AU - Sauer, T J AU - Moore, P A AU - Ham, J M AU - Bland, W L AU - Prueger, J H AU - West, C P AD - USDA-ARS, Fayetteville, AR USA Y1 - 2002/05/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 02 SP - 71 EP - 82 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3774, 0378-3774 KW - USA, Arkansas KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Manure KW - Evaporation KW - Water balance components KW - Drainage KW - Hydrologic Budget KW - Soil Water KW - Precipitation KW - Watersheds KW - Storms KW - Forages KW - Water balance KW - Evaporation rates KW - Water management KW - Water balance calculations KW - Surface runoff KW - Seasonal variability KW - Runoff KW - M2 556.5:Surface Water Hydrology (556.5) KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1665488899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.atitle=Seasonal+water+balance+of+an+Ozark+hillslope&rft.au=Sauer%2C+T+J%3BMoore%2C+P+A%3BHam%2C+J+M%3BBland%2C+W+L%3BPrueger%2C+J+H%3BWest%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-05-02&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Water+Management&rft.issn=03783774&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water balance; Evaporation rates; Water balance components; Water management; Evaporation; Drainage; Water balance calculations; Surface runoff; Seasonal variability; Precipitation; Storms; Manure; Hydrologic Budget; Soil Water; Watersheds; Runoff; Forages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative analysis of gene expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection AN - 839695620; 13859929 AB - There has been a dramatic expansion of DNA sequence information compiled over the past several years for a variety of eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. Accompanying this increase in knowledge of genomic structure and organization has been a growing interest in studying the function of individual genes including regulation of their expression. A number of methods such as Northern blotting, ribonuclease protection assay, and hybridization arrays have been developed to analyze gene expression at the transcriptional (mRNA) level. Although quantitative estimates of mRNA transcripts can be obtained from each of these methods, oftentimes they lack sufficient sensitivity or the methodology is too costly or too labor-intensive to be applied to the analysis of a large number of samples. The most sensitive method for analyzing gene expression at the mRNA level involves the combination of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, in order to provide accurate quantitative estimates of gene expression, a rapid and efficient method is required for separation and detection of the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) products of RT-PCR. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE/LIF) have made this method suitable for the automated analysis of large numbers of RT-PCR samples. An overview of the application of CE/LIF to quantitative analysis of gene expression by RT-PCR is presented along with selected protocols and examples. Both relative-quantitative (RQ) and quantitative-competitive (QC) approaches to RT-PCR are discussed in conjunction with the use of CE/LIF for rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of PCR products. JF - Molecular Biotechnology AU - Richards, Mark P AU - Poch, Stephen M AD - United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Growth Biology Laboratory, 10300, Baltimore Avenue, Building 200, Room 206, BARC-East, 20705-2350, Beltsville, Maryland, richards@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 19 EP - 37 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 1073-6085, 1073-6085 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Fluorescence KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Transcription KW - Reverse transcription KW - Gene expression KW - Northern blotting KW - Reviews KW - Gene regulation KW - capillary electrophoresis KW - Ribonuclease KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - genomics KW - X 24390:Radioactive Materials KW - G 07880:Human Genetics KW - N 14810:Methods KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839695620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+gene+expression+by+reverse+transcription+polymerase+chain+reaction+and+capillary+electrophoresis+with+laser-induced+fluorescence+detection&rft.au=Richards%2C+Mark+P%3BPoch%2C+Stephen+M&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10736085&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FMB%3A21%3A1%3A019 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Fluorescence; Nucleotide sequence; Transcription; Reverse transcription; Gene expression; Northern blotting; Gene regulation; Reviews; capillary electrophoresis; Polymerase chain reaction; Ribonuclease; genomics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/MB:21:1:019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cleanup procedure for determination of aflatoxins in major agricultural commodities by liquid chromatography. AN - 71858571; 12083256 AB - A simple, fast, reliable, and inexpensive chemical cleanup procedure was developed for quantitation of aflatoxins in major important agricultural commodities by liquid chromatography (LC). Aflatoxins were extracted from a ground sample with methanol-water (80 + 20, v/v), and after a single cleanup step on a minicolumn packed with basic aluminum oxide, they were quantitated by LC equipped with a C18 column, photochemical reactor, and fluorescence detector. Water-methanol-1-butanol (1,400 + 720 + 25, v/v/v) served as the mobile phase. Recoveries of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 from peanuts spiked at 5.0, 2.5, 7.5, and 2.5 microg/kg were 87.2 +/- 2.3, 82.0 +/- 0.8, 80.0 +/- 1.8, and 80.4 +/- 2.8%, respectively. Similar recoveries, precision, and accuracy were achieved for corn, cottonseed, almonds, Brazil nuts, pistachios, and walnuts. The quantitation limit for aflatoxin B1 was 1 microg/kg. The minimal cost of the minicolumn allows for substantial savings compared with available commercial aflatoxin cleanup devices. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Sobolev, Victor S AU - Dorner, Joe W AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 31742, USA. vsobolev@nprl.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 642 EP - 645 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71858571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Cleanup+procedure+for+determination+of+aflatoxins+in+major+agricultural+commodities+by+liquid+chromatography.&rft.au=Sobolev%2C+Victor+S%3BDorner%2C+Joe+W&rft.aulast=Sobolev&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=642&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of light filth from ground oregano and ground marjoram: a modification using isopropanol as a defatting agent: in-house study. AN - 71855306; 12083260 AB - A procedural modification of the AOAC Official Method for extracting light filth from ground oregano and ground marjoram was tested in an intralaboratory study. The modified method specifies isopropanol defatting, 975.49A(a), rather than chloroform-isopropanol defatting, 975.49A(b), followed by direct flotation as directed in AOAC Official Method, 975.49B(b). The modified method provided comparable results in less time while also providing safety, health, and financial benefits. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Wheeler, Mark AU - Bennett, Barbara AU - Marks, Harry AD - US Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, OPPDE, Washington, DC 20205, USA. mark.wheeler@usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 676 EP - 681 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hair KW - Condiments -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Origanum UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71855306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+light+filth+from+ground+oregano+and+ground+marjoram%3A+a+modification+using+isopropanol+as+a+defatting+agent%3A+in-house+study.&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+Mark%3BBennett%2C+Barbara%3BMarks%2C+Harry&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moving toward a plant-based diet: are iron and zinc at risk? AN - 71743204; 12030275 AB - With reduced intake of meat and increased intake of phytate-containing legumes and whole grains, movement toward plant-based diets reduces dietary iron and zinc absorption. Although vegetarians have lower iron stores, adverse health effects of lower iron and zinc absorption have not been demonstrated with varied, plant-based diets consumed in developed countries. Improved assessment methods and monitoring are needed to detect and prevent possible iron and zinc deficiency with plant-based diets. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Hunt, Janet R AD - USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202, USA. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 127 EP - 134 VL - 60 IS - 5 Pt 1 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Iron, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Phytic Acid KW - 7IGF0S7R8I KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Phytic Acid -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Fabaceae KW - Diet, Vegetarian -- adverse effects KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Iron -- deficiency KW - Biological Availability KW - Zinc -- administration & dosage KW - Zinc -- pharmacokinetics KW - Iron, Dietary -- pharmacokinetics KW - Iron, Dietary -- administration & dosage KW - Zinc -- deficiency UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71743204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Moving+toward+a+plant-based+diet%3A+are+iron+and+zinc+at+risk%3F&rft.au=Hunt%2C+Janet+R&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5+Pt+1&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serotype tracking of Salmonella through integrated broiler chicken operations. AN - 71717784; 12030282 AB - The widespread presence of Salmonella in all phases of broiler chicken production and processing is well documented. However, little information is available to indicate the identity and movement of specific serotypes of Salmonella through the different phases of an integrated operation. In this study, samples were collected from the breeder farm, from the hatchery, from the previous grow-out flock, from the flock during grow-out, and from carcasses after processing. Salmonella were recovered from 6, 98, 24, 60, and 7% of the samples, respectively, in the first trial and from 7, 98, 26, 22, and 36% of the samples, respectively, in the second trial. Seven different serotypes were identified in the first trial, and 12 different serotypes were identified in the second trial. For both trials there was poor correlation between the serotypes found in the breeder farms and those found in the hatchery. This finding and the fact that similar serotypes were found in the hatchery in both trials suggests that there was an endemic population of Salmonella in the hatchery. An association between the serotypes found in the hatchery and those found on the final processed carcasses was observed in both trials. This study confirms that a successful intervention program for broiler production operations must be multifaceted, with one component being disinfection in the hatchery. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Bailey, J S AU - Cox, N A AU - Craven, S E AU - Cosby, D E AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 30604, USA. jsbailey@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 742 EP - 745 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Serotyping KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Prevalence KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- prevention & control KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Poultry Diseases -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- classification KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71717784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Serotype+tracking+of+Salmonella+through+integrated+broiler+chicken+operations.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BCraven%2C+S+E%3BCosby%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tissue residues of ractopamine and urinary excretion of ractopamine and metabolites in animals treated for 7 days with dietary ractopamine. AN - 71696631; 12019611 AB - Ractopamine HCl is a beta-adrenergic leanness-enhancing agent recently approved for use in swine. Depletion of ractopamine in tissues, and elimination of ractopamine and its metabolites in urine, is of interest for the detection of off-label use. The objectives of this study were to measure the residues of ractopamine in livers and kidneys of cattle (n = 6), sheep (n = 6), and ducks (n = 9) after treatment with dietary ractopamine for seven (sheep, ducks) or eight (cattle) consecutive days and to measure the depletion of ractopamine from urine of cattle and sheep. Two cattle and sheep and three ducks were each slaughtered with withdrawal periods of 0, 3, and 7 d. Urine samples were collected daily from cattle and sheep. Tissue ractopamine concentrations were determined using the regulatory method (FDA approved) for ractopamine in swine tissues. Ractopamine residues in urine samples were measured before and after hydrolysis of conjugates. Analysis was performed with HPLC using fluorescence detection after liquid- (hydrolyzed samples) and(or) solid-phase extraction. No residues were detected in duck tissues. Liver residues in sheep averaged 24.0 and 2.6 ppb after 0- and 3-d withdrawal periods, respectively. Sheep liver residues after a 7-d withdrawal period were less than the limit of quantification (2.5 ppb). Sheep kidney residues were 65.1 and undetectable at 0- and at 3- and 7-d, withdrawal periods, respectively. Cattle liver residues were 9.3, 2.5, and undetectable after 0-, 3-, and 7-d withdrawal periods, respectively; kidney residues were 97.5, 3.4, and undetectable at the same respective withdrawal periods. Concentrations of parent ractopamine in sheep urine were 9.8+/-3.3 ppb on withdrawal d 0 and were below the LOQ (5 ppb) beyond the 2-d withdrawal period. After the hydrolysis of conjugates, ractopamine concentrations were 5,272+/-1,361 ppb on withdrawal d 0 and 178+/-78 ppb on withdrawal d 7. Ractopamine concentrations in cattle urine ranged from 164+/-61.7 ng/mL (withdrawal d 0) to below the LOQ (50 ppb) on withdrawal d 4. After the hydrolysis of conjugates in cattle urine, ractopamine concentrations were 4,129+/-2,351 ppb (withdrawal d 0) to below the LOQ (withdrawal d 6). These data indicate that after the hydrolysis of conjugates, ractopamine should be detectable in urine of sheep as long as 7 d after the last exposure to ractopamine and as long as 5 d after withdrawal in cattle. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Smith, D J AU - Shelver, W L AD - USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA. smithd@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1240 EP - 1249 VL - 80 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Phenethylamines KW - ractopamine KW - 57370OZ3P1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- veterinary KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Phenethylamines -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cattle -- urine KW - Phenethylamines -- administration & dosage KW - Sheep -- urine KW - Cattle -- metabolism KW - Ducks -- metabolism KW - Sheep -- metabolism KW - Phenethylamines -- urine KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- administration & dosage KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- urine KW - Phenethylamines -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71696631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Tissue+residues+of+ractopamine+and+urinary+excretion+of+ractopamine+and+metabolites+in+animals+treated+for+7+days+with+dietary+ractopamine.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+J%3BShelver%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cryptosporidium muris-like infection in stomach of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AN - 71686858; 12014500 AB - Abstract. Protozoa were present in routine sections of the gastric fundus of 15 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) that were being studied in three toxicity studies with novel immunosuppressive agents. Upon detailed light microscopic and ultrastructural evaluation, all stages of parasite development (trophozoites, schizonts, gamonts, and oocysts) were seen and they structurally resembled Cryptosporidium muris, which normally is found in stomachs of rodents. Cryptosporidia were primarily present in the upper one third of fundic glands that were often concurrently colonized by a Helicobacter heilmannii-like organism; however, no clear correlation was found between bacterial burden and the number of protozoa. The primarily mononuclear cellular infiltrate appeared to coincide with the presence of protozoa only in a few animals. Changes in mucous epithelial cells mainly occurred in animals that were part of a 39-week study. Mucous epithelial cells in affected glands contained an increased amount of mucus composed of predominantly acid mucosubstances compared to the normally present neutral mucosubstances. C. muris-like protozoa are newly recognized etiologies for opportunistic infections in the stomach of immunocompromized nonhuman primates. This is the first report of C. muris-like parasite in stomachs of monkeys. JF - Veterinary pathology AU - Dubey, J P AU - Markovits, J E AU - Killary, K A AD - Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 363 EP - 371 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0300-9858, 0300-9858 KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Gastric Fundus -- ultrastructure KW - Immunocompromised Host KW - Gastric Fundus -- pathology KW - Gastric Fundus -- parasitology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Stomach Diseases -- veterinary KW - Stomach Diseases -- parasitology KW - Macaca fascicularis KW - Stomach Diseases -- pathology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- parasitology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- veterinary KW - Cryptosporidium -- ultrastructure KW - Monkey Diseases -- parasitology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- pathology KW - Monkey Diseases -- pathology KW - Cryptosporidium -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71686858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+pathology&rft.atitle=Cryptosporidium+muris-like+infection+in+stomach+of+cynomolgus+monkeys+%28Macaca+fascicularis%29.&rft.au=Dubey%2C+J+P%3BMarkovits%2C+J+E%3BKillary%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Dubey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+pathology&rft.issn=03009858&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promising new technology for managing diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in cabbage with pheromone. AN - 71683218; 12009198 AB - Experiments were conducted in plantings of cabbage in spring 1999 and 2000 to evaluate a novel, new matrix system for delivering sex pheromone to suppress sexual communication by diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). The liquid, viscous, slow-release formulation contained a combination of diamondback moth pheromone, a blend of Z-11-hexadecenyl acetate, 27%:Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol, 1%:Z-11-tetradecen-1-ol, 9%:Z-11-hexadecenal, 63%, and the insecticide permethrin (0.16% and 6% w/w of total formulated material, respectively). Field trapping experiments showed that the lure-toxicant combination was highly attractive to male moths for at least four weeks using as little as a 0.05 g droplet of formulated material per trap; and the permethrin insecticide had no apparent influence on response of moths to lure baited traps. Small field plots of cabbage were treated with the lure-toxicant-matrix combination using droplets of 0.44 and 0.05 g each applied to cabbage in a grid pattern at densities ranging from 990 to 4396 droplets/ha to evaluate the potential for disrupting sexual communication of diamondback moth. There was no significant difference in the level of suppression of sexual communication of diamondback moth, as measured by captures of males in pheromone-baited traps located in the treated plots, versus moths captured in untreated control plots, among the treatments regardless of droplet size (0.05 or 0.44 g) or number of droplets applied per ha. Plots treated with the smallest droplet size (0.05 g) and with the fewest number of droplets per ha (990) suppressed captures of male diamondback moths > 90% for up to 3 weeks post treatment. Although laboratory assays showed that the lure-toxicant combination was 100% effective at killing the diamondback moth, the mode of action in the field trials was not determined. The results indicate that the liquid, viscous, slow release formulation containing diamondback moth pheromone could be used to effectively suppress sexual communication of this pest in cabbage and other crucifers, although as many as three applications probably would be required for suppression over an entire growing season. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes AU - Mitchell, Everett R AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida 32609, USA. emitchell@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 277 EP - 290 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Pheromones KW - 0 KW - Sex Attractants KW - Index Medicus KW - Sex Attractants -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Sex Factors KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Population Density KW - Sex Attractants -- physiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Behavior, Animal KW - Moths -- drug effects KW - Brassica -- chemistry KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Pheromones -- physiology KW - Pheromones -- toxicity KW - Crops, Agricultural KW - Moths -- physiology KW - Sexual Behavior -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71683218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.atitle=Promising+new+technology+for+managing+diamondback+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Plutellidae%29+in+cabbage+with+pheromone.&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Everett+R&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Everett&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part.+B%2C+Pesticides%2C+food+contaminants%2C+and+agricultural+wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary copper affects azoxymethane-induced intestinal tumor formation and protein kinase C isozyme protein and mRNA expression in colon of rats. AN - 71638318; 11983831 AB - Previous studies have show that changes in protein kinase C (PKC) isoform expression may be related to increased susceptibility of copper-deficient rats to aberrant crypt formation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary copper would affect azoxymethane-induced intestinal tumor formation and PKC isozyme expression in normal colonic mucosa and tumor samples. Eighty weanling Fischer-344 rats were randomly assigned to diets that contained either 0.8 or 5.3 microg Cu/g diet. After 24 and 31 d of diet consumption, 30 rats/diet were administered azoxymethane (15 mg/kg i.p.) and 10 rats/diet were administered saline. Rats continued to consume their respective diets for an additional 38 wk. Rats injected with azoxymethane and fed the low copper diet had a significantly (P < 0.0001) greater small intestinal and total tumor incidence compared with rats fed adequate dietary copper. However, dietary copper did not affect colon tumor incidence. Low dietary copper significantly (P < 0.004) decreased PKC alpha protein expression in normal but not in tumor tissue. In contrast, low dietary copper did not affect PKC delta or zeta protein expression in either the normal or tumor tissue. PKC alpha and delta protein and mRNA expression were lower in tumor tissue than in normal tissue. These results along with previous observations suggest that dietary copper-mediated changes in PKC alpha, delta and zeta protein expression are not as important for colon tumor promotion/progression as they are for tumor initiation. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Davis, Cindy D AU - Johnson, W Thomas AD - Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA. cdavis@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1018 EP - 1025 VL - 132 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Isoenzymes KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Azoxymethane KW - MO0N1J0SEN KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Azoxymethane -- toxicity KW - Random Allocation KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Colon -- pathology KW - Colon -- enzymology KW - Protein Kinase C -- genetics KW - Copper -- administration & dosage KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Isoenzymes -- genetics KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71638318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+copper+affects+azoxymethane-induced+intestinal+tumor+formation+and+protein+kinase+C+isozyme+protein+and+mRNA+expression+in+colon+of+rats.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Cindy+D%3BJohnson%2C+W+Thomas&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Cindy&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1018&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ochratoxin production by the Aspergillus ochraceus group and Aspergillus alliaceus. AN - 71630312; 11976104 AB - Ochratoxin A is a toxic and carcinogenic fungal secondary metabolite; its presence in foods is increasingly regulated. Various fungi are known to produce ochratoxins, but it is not known which species produce ochratoxins consistently and which species cause ochratoxin contamination of various crops. We isolated fungi in the Aspergillus ochraceus group (section Circumdati) and Aspergillus alliaceus from tree nut orchards, nuts, and figs in California. A total of 72 isolates were grown in potato dextrose broth and yeast extract-sucrose broth for 10 days at 30 degrees C and tested for production of ochratoxin A in vitro by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Among isolates from California figs, tree nuts, and orchards, A. ochraceus and Aspergillus melleus were the most common species. No field isolates of A. ochraceus or A. melleus produced ochratoxin A above the level of detection (0.01 microg/ml). All A. alliaceus isolates produced ochratoxin A, up to 30 microg/ml. We examined 50,000 figs for fungal infections and measured ochratoxin content in figs with visible fungal colonies. Pooled figs infected with A. alliaceus contained ochratoxin A, figs infected with the A. ochraceus group had little or none, and figs infected with Penicillium had none. These results suggest that the little-known species A. alliaceus is an important ochratoxin-producing fungus in California and that it may be responsible for the ochratoxin contamination occasionally observed in figs. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Bayman, Paul AU - Baker, James L AU - Doster, Mark A AU - Michailides, Themis J AU - Mahoney, Noreen E AD - Plant Mycotoxin Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California 94710, USA. pbayman@upracd.upr.clu.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 2326 EP - 2329 VL - 68 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Ochratoxins KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - Index Medicus KW - Ochratoxins -- metabolism KW - Fruit -- microbiology KW - Ficus -- microbiology KW - Nuts -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus ochraceus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71630312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Ochratoxin+production+by+the+Aspergillus+ochraceus+group+and+Aspergillus+alliaceus.&rft.au=Bayman%2C+Paul%3BBaker%2C+James+L%3BDoster%2C+Mark+A%3BMichailides%2C+Themis+J%3BMahoney%2C+Noreen+E&rft.aulast=Bayman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Can J Microbiol. 2000 Jul;46(7):593-9 [10932351] J Food Prot. 1999 Jun;62(6):650-6 [10382655] J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Aug;48(8):3616-9 [10956159] Med Mycol. 2000;38 Suppl 1:17-22 [11204142] Nature. 1965 Mar 13;205(976):1112-3 [5833211] Appl Microbiol. 1970 Mar;19(3):542-4 [5440175] Mycologia. 1972 May-Jun;64(3):539-50 [5029640] Can J Microbiol. 1972 May;18(5):631-6 [5032809] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 May;37(5):959-64 [485140] Mycopathologia. 1985 Jun;90(3):181-6 [4033738] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Feb;53(2):266-9 [3566267] J AOAC Int. 1993 Jul-Aug;76(4):842-6 [8374329] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jul;60(7):2650-2 [8074536] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Dec;62(12):4461-4 [8953717] Mycopathologia. 1996;134(3):171-6 [8981783] Fungal Genet Biol. 2000 Jun;30(1):71-80 [10955909] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concurrent pregnancy retards mammary involution: effects on apoptosis and proliferation of the mammary epithelium after forced weaning of mice. AN - 71613499; 11967212 AB - The effect of pregnancy on postweaning mammary gland involution was investigated in mice. On the third day after forced weaning at Lactation Day 10, the apoptotic index was 56% lower in mammary tissue of mice that were pregnant at the time of weaning than in nonpregnant mice. Conversely, the bromodeoxyuridine-labeling index was increased sevenfold in pregnant mice compared to nonpregnant controls (3.5% vs. 0.5%, respectively). Structure of mammary alveoli was largely maintained in postweaning pregnant mice. The effect of pregnancy on three specific mammary epithelial cell survival pathways was also examined. First, pregnancy blocked the loss of Stat5a phosphorylation during involution. Significantly, loss of Stat5a phosphorylation during involution was not correlated with loss of Stat5a nuclear localization. Second, pregnancy maintained nuclear-localized progesterone receptor during lactation. Third, pregnancy was associated with increased expression of bfl-1 during involution but had little effect on the expression of other bcl-2 family members. The data indicate that pregnancy inhibits mammary cell apoptosis after weaning while permitting proliferation of the mammary epithelium, and they support the hypothesis that Stat5a and progesterone-signaling pathways act in concert to mediate this effect. JF - Biology of reproduction AU - Capuco, Anthony V AU - Li, Minglin AU - Long, Ezhou AU - Ren, Shuxun AU - Hruska, Kathleen S AU - Schorr, Kristel AU - Furth, Priscilla A AD - Gene Evaluation and Mapping Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. acapuco@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1471 EP - 1476 VL - 66 IS - 5 SN - 0006-3363, 0006-3363 KW - Antimetabolites KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Milk Proteins KW - Receptors, Progesterone KW - STAT5 Transcription Factor KW - Stat5a protein, mouse KW - Trans-Activators KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Bromodeoxyuridine KW - G34N38R2N1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Trans-Activators -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - Nuclease Protection Assays KW - Weaning KW - Mice KW - Pregnancy KW - Progesterone -- physiology KW - Blotting, Western KW - Epithelium -- growth & development KW - Receptors, Progesterone -- physiology KW - Prolactin -- physiology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- physiology KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- chemistry KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71613499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.atitle=Concurrent+pregnancy+retards+mammary+involution%3A+effects+on+apoptosis+and+proliferation+of+the+mammary+epithelium+after+forced+weaning+of+mice.&rft.au=Capuco%2C+Anthony+V%3BLi%2C+Minglin%3BLong%2C+Ezhou%3BRen%2C+Shuxun%3BHruska%2C+Kathleen+S%3BSchorr%2C+Kristel%3BFurth%2C+Priscilla+A&rft.aulast=Capuco&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biology+of+reproduction&rft.issn=00063363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of thermal, hydrologic and snow deformation mechanisms on snow water equivalent pressure sensor accuracy AN - 51863798; 2004-030090 AB - A five-year field study was conducted to determine the mechanisms that cause snow water equivalent (SWE) pressure sensor measurement errors. We monitored a 3-m snow pillow and installed three prototype electronic SWE sensors to examine how SWE errors occur. We measured heat flux in the sensors and the soil, snow temperature, soil moisture content, and soil thermal conductivity. The SWE of snow cores were used to assess the accuracy of the sensors. Results indicate that SWE measurement errors occur when the snow/SWE sensor and/or the snow/soil interfaces are at the melting temperature of snow. SWE over measurement errors occur when the sensor heat flux is less than the surrounding soil. SWE under measurement errors occur when the heat flux through the sensor is greater than through the soil. The most severe errors occur during the transition from winter to spring when the snow cover first reaches an isothermal condition producing a maximum difference in snowmelt rate between the snow/SWE sensor and snow/soil interfaces. SWE measurement errors are minimized when the sensor is designed to match the thermal properties of the surrounding soil, allow water to flow through the sensor, or to diffuse heat into the adjacent soil. JF - Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference AU - Johnson, Jerome B AU - Schaefer, Garry L Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 110 EP - 121 PB - Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO VL - 70 SN - 0161-0589, 0161-0589 KW - United States KW - snow cover KW - thermal conductivity KW - snow water equivalent KW - snow deformation KW - moisture KW - Boise Idaho KW - freezing KW - temperature KW - errors KW - heat flow KW - snow KW - climate effects KW - water content KW - snow-soil interface KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Idaho KW - heat flux KW - thermal properties KW - thawing KW - measurement KW - Reynolds Mountain KW - Ada County Idaho KW - infiltration KW - accuracy KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51863798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+thermal%2C+hydrologic+and+snow+deformation+mechanisms+on+snow+water+equivalent+pressure+sensor+accuracy&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Jerome+B%3BSchaefer%2C+Garry+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.issn=01610589&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.westernsnowconference.org/biblio LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 70th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; Ada County Idaho; Boise Idaho; climate effects; errors; freezing; heat flow; heat flux; hydrology; Idaho; infiltration; measurement; moisture; Reynolds Mountain; snow; snow cover; snow deformation; snow water equivalent; snow-soil interface; soils; temperature; thawing; thermal conductivity; thermal properties; United States; water content ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil moisture data collection and water supply forecasting; the sequel AN - 51863493; 2004-030094 JF - Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference AU - Julander, Randall P Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 144 EP - 148 PB - Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO VL - 70 SN - 0161-0589, 0161-0589 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - water supply KW - snow cover KW - snowmelt KW - snow water equivalent KW - moisture KW - Wasatch Front KW - water management KW - snowpack KW - errors KW - saturation KW - infiltration KW - snow KW - runoff KW - water content KW - Utah KW - northern Utah KW - meltwater KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51863493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.atitle=Soil+moisture+data+collection+and+water+supply+forecasting%3B+the+sequel&rft.au=Julander%2C+Randall+P&rft.aulast=Julander&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.issn=01610589&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.westernsnowconference.org/biblio LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 70th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - errors; hydrology; infiltration; meltwater; moisture; northern Utah; runoff; saturation; snow; snow cover; snow water equivalent; snowmelt; snowpack; soils; United States; Utah; Wasatch Front; water content; water management; water supply ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods for Maintaining Insect Cell Cultures AN - 19691715; 8695939 AB - Insect cell cultures are now commonly used in insect physiology, developmental biology, pathology, and molecular biology. As the field has advanced from methods development to a standard procedure, so has the diversity of scientists using the technique. This paper describes methods that are effective for maintaining various insect cell lines. The procedures are differentiated between loosely or non-attached cell strains, attached cell strains, and strongly adherent cell strains. JF - Journal of Insect Science (Tucson) AU - Lynn, Dwight E AD - USDA/ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC-West, Bldg. 011A, Rm. 214, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA., lynnd@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Library of the University of Arizona, 1510 East University VL - 2 IS - 9 SN - 1536-2442, 1536-2442 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - subculture procedures KW - tissue culture KW - cell lines KW - trypsinization KW - suspension KW - attachment KW - Insect cells KW - Cell culture KW - Adherent cells KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - Z 05330:Reproduction and Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19691715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.atitle=Methods+for+Maintaining+Insect+Cell+Cultures&rft.au=Lynn%2C+Dwight+E&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=Dwight&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.issn=15362442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1672%2F1536-2442%282002%290022.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insect cells; Cell culture; Adherent cells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/1536-2442(2002)002[0001:MFMICC]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - REPRODUCTION IN CAPTIVE WILD-CAUGHT COYOTES (CANIS LATRANS) AN - 19337385; 8696863 AB - We assessed reproductive patterns of coyotes (Canis latrans) from a 12-year data set involving 24 pairs of captive animals acquired from Latah County, Idaho. None of the females had placental scars (fetal implantation sites) at 1 year of age, but over 80% had placental scars by 2 years of age. The fraction with placental scars remained at 80-90% through age 9 years and then declined to <40% by age 12 years. Similarly, mean number of placental scars per female rose rapidly through 2-3 years of age, remained stable until age 8 years, and then progressively declined to a very low level by age 12 years. Numbers of pups observed were typically smaller than numbers of placental scars, with fewer placental scars represented by pups among younger females than older females. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Green, Jeffrey S AU - Knowlton, Frederick F AU - Pitt, William C AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID 83423 (JSG), knowlton@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 501 EP - 506 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 83 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Canis latrans KW - placental scars KW - serial productivity KW - captive KW - coyote KW - reproduction KW - senescence KW - Age KW - Data processing KW - Placenta KW - Reproduction KW - Fetuses KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19337385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=REPRODUCTION+IN+CAPTIVE+WILD-CAUGHT+COYOTES+%28CANIS+LATRANS%29&rft.au=Green%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BKnowlton%2C+Frederick+F%3BPitt%2C+William+C&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1644%2F1545-1542%282002%290832.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Data processing; Placenta; Reproduction; Fetuses; Canis latrans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0501:RICWCC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of NaCl on Survival of Shigella flexneri in Broth as Affected by Temperature and pH AN - 18607455; 5509410 AB - Shigella, a major foodborne pathogen, survives well in salt-containing environments. However, systematic data are scarce. We studied the behavior of Shigella flexneri 5348 in brain heart infusion broth (pH 4 to 6) containing 0.5 to 8% NaCl. Stationary-phase cells were inoculated into sterile media at initial concentrations of 6 to 7 log sub(10) CFU/ml and incubated at 12 to 37 degree C. Bacterial population sizes were determined periodically by plate counts. Survivor curves were derived from plate count data by using a two-phase linear model to determine lag times and slopes of the curves, from which decimal reduction times (D-values) and times to a 4-log sub(10) inactivation (T sub(4D)) were calculated. In media of pH 6, the bacteria grew in the presence of less than or equal to 6% NaCl at 19 and 37 degree C and in the presence of less than or equal to 7% NaCl at 28 degree C. In media of pH 5, growth was observed in the presence of less than or equal to 2, less than or equal to 4, less than or equal to 4, and 0.5% NaCl at 37, 28, 19, and 12 degree C, respectively. Growth did not occur and bacterial populations gradually declined in media of pH 4. While NaCl had a major effect on growth, bacterial survival was affected to a lesser extent. Lag times decreased with increasing NaCl levels; however, the effect on D-values and T sub(4D) values was less pronounced. The average T sub(4D) values for media of pH 4 containing 0.5 to 6% NaCl were 4, 13, 23, and 61 days at 37, 28, 19, and 12 degree C, respectively. These results show that S. flexneri is salt tolerant and suggest that salty foods may serve as vehicles for infection with this bacterium. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Zaika, L L AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 774 EP - 779 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18607455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+NaCl+on+Survival+of+Shigella+flexneri+in+Broth+as+Affected+by+Temperature+and+pH&rft.au=Zaika%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Zaika&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=774&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research Note: Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. on Laboratory-Inoculated Mung Bean Seed by Chlorine Treatment AN - 18602578; 5509422 AB - Three U.S. outbreaks of foodborne illness due to consumption of contaminated raw mung bean sprouts occurred in the past 2 years and were caused by Salmonella Enteritidis. The original source of the pathogens is thought to have been the seed. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with aqueous chlorine would eliminate the pathogens from mung bean seed inoculated in the laboratory with four-strain cocktails of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Treatments (for 5, 10, or 15 min) with buffered (500 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.8) or unbuffered solutions containing 0.3 or 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl) sub(2) were tested. In order to mimic common commercial practice, seed was rinsed before and after treatment with sterile tap water. Treatment for 15 min with buffer (500 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.8) or sterile water in combination with the seed rinses resulted in maximum reductions of approximately 3 log sub(10) CFU/g. The largest reductions (4 to 5 log sub(10) CFU/g) for the chlorine treatments in combination with the rinses were obtained after treatment with buffered 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl) sub(2) for 15 min. Treatment of mung bean seed for 15 min with unbuffered or buffered 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl) sub(2) did not adversely affect germination. Even though treatments with 3% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl) sub(2) in combination with the water rinses were effective in greatly reducing the populations of both bacterial pathogens, these treatments did not result in the elimination of the pathogens from laboratory-inoculated seed. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Fett, W F AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 848 EP - 852 VL - 65 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01043:Seed treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18602578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Research+Note%3A+Reduction+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+Salmonella+spp.+on+Laboratory-Inoculated+Mung+Bean+Seed+by+Chlorine+Treatment&rft.au=Fett%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation and climate characteristics of arid and semi-arid grasslands in North America and their biome transition zone AN - 18580452; 5407833 AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among species richness, functional group composition, and climate for three sites representing the shortgrass steppe, the Chihuahuan desert grasslands and their biome transition zone. We found that perennial species richness increased as the climate became more favorable for plant growth. The biome transition zone was more similar to the Chihuahuan desert grassland site in most climate and vegetation characteristics, partly because of the shorter biogeographic distance between the two sites. This study clarified the ecological position of the biome transition zone site with respect to the adjacent biomes. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Hochstrasser, T AU - Kroeel-Dulay, G AU - Peters, D P AU - Gosz, J R AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 55 EP - 78 PB - Academic Press VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Climate and vegetation KW - Grasslands KW - North America KW - USA KW - Climate and ecosystems KW - Vegetation type KW - Semiarid environments KW - Arid environments KW - Climatic conditions KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands KW - M2 551.586:Biometeorology and Bioclimatology (551.586) KW - M2 551.585.55:Steppe climate (551.585.55) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18580452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Vegetation+and+climate+characteristics+of+arid+and+semi-arid+grasslands+in+North+America+and+their+biome+transition+zone&rft.au=Hochstrasser%2C+T%3BKroeel-Dulay%2C+G%3BPeters%2C+D+P%3BGosz%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hochstrasser&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.2001.0929 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - North America; USA; Grasslands; Arid environments; Semiarid environments; Climatic conditions; Vegetation type; Climate and vegetation; Climate and ecosystems DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2001.0929 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary Magnesium Depletion Affects Metabolic Responses during Submaximal Exercise in Postmenopausal Women AN - 18499252; 5462750 AB - Magnesium is an essential mineral that is required for optimal biological function including energy metabolism. Although national nutritional surveys indicate that usual magnesium intakes do not meet recommendations, particularly among older women, diet-induced magnesium depletion is considered rare among humans without concurrent illness. We examined the effects of dietary magnesium restriction on biochemical measures of magnesium nutriture and physiologic responses during submaximal exercise in 10 postmenopausal women, 45-71 y old, not receiving hormone replacement therapy. The women consumed diets containing conventional foods with varying magnesium content totaling 112 mg/8.4 MJ (2000 kcal) supplemented with 200 mg magnesium daily for 35d (control), then 112 mg/8.4 MJ for 93d (depletion) followed by 112 mg/8.4 MJ supplemented with 200 mg magnesium/d for 49d (repletion) in a depletion-repletion experiment. RBC magnesium concentration (P < 0.05), magnesium retention (P < 0.05) and skeletal muscle magnesium concentration (P < 0.05) decreased when dietary magnesium was restricted. Peak oxygen uptake, total and cumulative net oxygen uptake determined by using indirect calorimetry and peak heart rate increased (P < 0.05) during standardized submaximal work with restricted compared with adequate dietary magnesium. These findings indicate that dietary magnesium depletion can be induced in otherwise healthy women; it results in increased energy needs and adversely affects cardiovascular function during submaximal work. This may also explain previous observations of increased energy cost during standardized exercise in physically active men and women considered to have reduced magnesium nutriture. JF - Journal of Nutrition AU - Lukaski, H C AU - Nielsen, F H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA, hlukaski@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 930 EP - 935 VL - 132 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18499252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+Magnesium+Depletion+Affects+Metabolic+Responses+during+Submaximal+Exercise+in+Postmenopausal+Women&rft.au=Lukaski%2C+H+C%3BNielsen%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Lukaski&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=930&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Programs for monitoring antimicrobial resistance AN - 18480133; 5451534 AB - Use of antimicrobials has increased in both human and veterinary medicine and the emergence of resistance to antimicrobials has become a global problem. This is due, in part, to the widespread availability of antimicrobials and the efficacy they impart in control of certain infectious diseases. Antimicrobial resistance (AR) can diminish the effectiveness or render an antimicrobic ineffective as a therapeutic. Although use may result in bacteria (both food borne and commensal) that are resistant, the exact fate of these populations in terms of persistence and transmission has been difficult to determine. Use patterns in veterinary medicine (therapeutic vs. subtherapeutic use) and agriculture further complicates the picture. Additionally, while transmission of resistant bacteria from animals to humans occurs, it has been difficult to assess the extent to which this occurs and the impact transmission has on actually disseminating resistant populations among humans. National and international meetings have been held addressing these issues. However, experts have been unable to reach unanimous agreement regarding the impact of AR in agriculture and its impact on human health. Consequently, there is a critical need to define the extent of AR in food animal production as well as the factors favoring the development or acquisition of AR and in particular, to develop rapid means to detect AR in the field. Interwoven in this scenario is the observation that bacterial virulence may also be enhanced in more resistant bacteria. It is unknown whether a relationship between the two exists making an assessment of the role resistance plays in the pathogenesis of disease critical to understanding bacterial/drug interactions. Additionally, while many mechanisms of resistance have been well described, as resistance attributes are identified it becomes necessary to assess whether resistance is due to known or novel mechanisms in order to develop the means to interrupt its development. JF - Animal Biotechnology AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Englen, MD AU - Gray, J T AU - Hudson, C AU - Headrick, M L AD - USDA-ARS-Russell Research Center, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Athens, GA, USA, pcray@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 43 EP - 55 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1049-5398, 1049-5398 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18480133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Programs+for+monitoring+antimicrobial+resistance&rft.au=Fedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BEnglen%2C+MD%3BGray%2C+J+T%3BHudson%2C+C%3BHeadrick%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Fedorka-Cray&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10495398&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FABIO-120005769 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ABIO-120005769 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Seed Size on Exploitation by the Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae AN - 18476428; 5443598 AB - Oviposition decisions and their fitness consequences for the seed parasite Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were investigated. Female S. oryzae lay eggs inside seeds such as wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)]. Because larvae develop to adult within a single seed, the resources available are determined by the behavior of the female parent and characteristics of the seed in which the egg was deposited. Females were demonstrated to lay more eggs in kernels greater than or equal to 20 mg. Females initiated the chewing of oviposition holes in shriveled kernels but were less likely to oviposit in them. Progeny size increased with increasing seed size, but the probability of an adult emerging was not affected. Females accepted large kernels more quickly than small kernels and this contributed to increased oviposition in large kernels. The increase in the number of eggs per kernel appears to result from an increase in number of visits resulting in oviposition rather than an increase in the number of eggs laid during a visit. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Campbell, J F AD - USDA ARS, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA, campbell@usgmrl.ksu.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 429 EP - 446 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Coleoptera KW - Weevils KW - seed size KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18476428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Seed+Size+on+Exploitation+by+the+Rice+Weevil%2C+Sitophilus+oryzae&rft.au=Campbell%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measures of Bacillus thuringiensis persistence in the corn whorl AN - 18474843; 5446257 AB - Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner is not toxic to humans and a treated field can be entered immediately. Therefore, viable B. thuringiensis spores remaining on the plant, live larvae on the plant, and insecticidal activity of the crystal toxin can be measured over time. When B. thuringiensis is applied to corn as a spray or granular formulation, ultraviolet light and rainfall destroy much of the insecticidal activity of the bacterium (Behle et al., 1997). Longevity of B. thuringiensis has been measured when applied with over the row equipment (Lynch et al., 1980), but not when placed directly into the corn whorl. The objectives of these studies were to determine the the longevity of B. thuringiensis spores applied directly into the corn whorl,determine the reliability of the number of live larvae in the whorl to predict centimeters of tunnelling, and determine the insecticidal activity of the B. thuringiensis crystal toxin within the whorl of the corn plant. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Lewis, L AU - Bruck, D AU - Gunnarson, R AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory, Insectary Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 69 EP - 71 PB - Academic Press VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Insecta KW - crystal toxin KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18474843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Measures+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+persistence+in+the+corn+whorl&rft.au=Lewis%2C+L%3BBruck%2C+D%3BGunnarson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-2011%2802%2900041-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00041-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative activity of baculoviruses against the codling moth Cydia pomonella and three other tortricid pests of tree fruit AN - 18474792; 5446256 AB - The granulovirus of Cydia pomonella (L.) (CpGV) offers potential for selective control of codling moth. Two major limitations of CpGV are its narrow host range and lack of persistence in the orchard agroecosystem. The nucleopolyhedroviruses of the alfalfa looper Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV) and those of the celery looper Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV) have broad host ranges. Comparative assays of CpGV,Ac MNPV, and AfMNPV against codling moth neonate larvae revealed a 54-93-fold greater susceptibility of codling moth to the granulovirus than to the two nucleopolyhedroviruses based on the LC sub(50) values for each virus. The LC sub(50)s forCp GV, AfMNPV, and AcMNPV were 32.7 capsules/ mm super(2),1.77 x 10 super(3) occlusion bodies (OBs)/ mm super(2), and3.05 x 10 super(3) OBs/mm super(2) , respectively. The LT sub(50) determined forAf MNPV using an approximate LC sub(95) of the virus against neonate larvae was 3.6 days. Histological examination of tissues in moribund codling moth larvae that had been treated with AfMNPV revealed the presence of nonoccluded and unenveloped virus rods in midgut tissue. Neither OBs nor signs of infection were detected in other tissues. The activity ofAf MNPV was also evaluated in three other tortricid apple pests (obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris); Pandemis leafroller, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott; and the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck)). Codling and Oriental fruit moths were significantly more susceptible to AfMNPV than were the two leafroller species. [copy ] 2002 Elsevier Science (USA) JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Lacey, L AU - Vail, P AU - Hoffmann, D AD - Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 64 EP - 68 PB - Academic Press VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Celery looper KW - Leaf rollers KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18474792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Comparative+activity+of+baculoviruses+against+the+codling+moth+Cydia+pomonella+and+three+other+tortricid+pests+of+tree+fruit&rft.au=Lacey%2C+L%3BVail%2C+P%3BHoffmann%2C+D&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-2011%2802%2900036-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00036-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of Mexican Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Grapefruit: Enhancement by Mechanical Wounding of and Experience with Grapefruit AN - 18472498; 5443596 AB - Wild strain, mated, female Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), with no prior experience with fruit (naive), were not attracted to grapefruit, a preferred cultivated host, in wind tunnel experiments. Naive, mated laboratory strain females were attracted. Prior experience with grapefruit increased attraction of both laboratory and wild strains. More females were attracted to fruit with peel damage than to undamaged fruit, indicating that fruit odor mediated attraction. More naive than experienced females attempted to oviposit on the sides of the wind tunnel. Experienced laboratory males, but not wild males or naive males, were attracted to grapefruit. Attraction and oviposition behavior of laboratory flies was greater than that of wild flies. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Robacker, D C AU - Fraser, I AD - USDA, ARS, Kika de la Garza SARC, 2413 East Highway 83, Building 200, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, drobacker@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 399 EP - 414 VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - grapefruit KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18472498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+Mexican+Fruit+Flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+to+Grapefruit%3A+Enhancement+by+Mechanical+Wounding+of+and+Experience+with+Grapefruit&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BFraser%2C+I&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella enterica Infections in Market Swine with and without Transport and Holding AN - 18457255; 5430204 AB - The objective of this study was to compare, by using identical sample types, the Salmonella enterica prevalences and serovar diversities between pigs necropsied on the farm and those necropsied at the abattoir after transport and holding. We necropsied 567 market weight pigs (>70 kg) from six herds. Pigs were alternately assigned to be necropsied on the farm or at the abattoir. One-half of the group was sent in clean, disinfected trailers to slaughter at a commercial abattoir. After transport (mean distance, 169 km) and 2 to 3 h of holding in antemortem pens, these pigs were necropsied. The 50 pigs remaining on the farm were necropsied the following day. The same sample types and amounts were collected for S. enterica culture at both locations. Results show a sevenfold-higher (P < 0.001) S. enterica isolation rate from pigs necropsied at the abattoir (39.9%; 114 of 286) than from those necropsied on the farm (5.3%; 15 of 281). This difference was also observed for each individual herd. All sample types showed a significantly higher prevalence when comparing abattoir to on-farm collection, respectively: lymph nodes, 9.15 versus 3.6%; cecal contents, 13.6 versus 1.8%; 1 g of fecal matter, 25.2 versus 0.7%. Recovery of additional serovars at the abattoir suggests the pigs are receiving S. enterica from extra-farm sources. This study demonstrates that rapid infection during transport, and particularly during holding, is a major reason for increased S. enterica prevalence in swine. This finding identifies the holding pen as an important S. enterica control point in the pork production chain. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hurd, H S AU - McKean, J D AU - Griffith, R W AU - Wesley, I V AU - Rostagno, M H AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010., shurd@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 2376 EP - 2381 VL - 68 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - infection KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18457255?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Salmonella+enterica+Infections+in+Market+Swine+with+and+without+Transport+and+Holding&rft.au=Hurd%2C+H+S%3BMcKean%2C+J+D%3BGriffith%2C+R+W%3BWesley%2C+I+V%3BRostagno%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Hurd&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.5.2376-2381.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.5.2376-2381.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tissue disposition, excretion and metabolism of 2,2",4,4",5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) in the male Sprague-Dawley rat AN - 18449913; 5428309 AB - 1. A disposition, metabolism and excretion study of orally administered 2,2",4,4",5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) was conducted in the conventional and bile duct-cannulated male rat. 2. In the conventional rat, >50% of the radiolabelled dose was retained at 72 h, and lipophilic tissues were the preferred sites for disposition, i.e. adipose tissue, adrenals, gastrointestinal tract and skin. 3. Urinary excretion of BDE-99 was very low (<1% of dose), and glucuronidation of phenolic metabolites was suggested. 4. Biliary excretion of BDE-99 was slightly greater than observed in urine, i.e. 3.6% at 72h. 5. Over 43% of the dose in the conventional male rat and 86% in the bile duct-cannulated rat was excreted in the faeces, mainly as the unmetabolized parent compound. 6. Metabolites in bile and faeces were not conjugated. Mono- and di-hydroxylated pentabromodiphenyl ether metabolites were characterized by mass spectrometry. Two thiol metabolites were characterized in the bile. Oxidative debromination was also observed in the faecal metabolites. 7. Tissue BDE-99 was readily extractable, except for in the liver. The tissue super(14)C was not associated with lipids and was mainly the unmetabolized parent compound. 8. Total thyroxine (T4) plasma levels were elevated at 3 and 6 days, and returned to control levels by day 12. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Hakk, H AU - Larsen, G AU - Klasson-Wehler, E AD - USDA, ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, PO Box 5674, Fargo, ND 58105-5647 USA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 369 EP - 382 VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - 2,2',4,4',5-Pentabromodiphenyl ether KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18449913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Tissue+disposition%2C+excretion+and+metabolism+of+2%2C2%22%2C4%2C4%22%2C5-pentabromodiphenyl+ether+%28BDE-99%29+in+the+male+Sprague-Dawley+rat&rft.au=Hakk%2C+H%3BLarsen%2C+G%3BKlasson-Wehler%2C+E&rft.aulast=Hakk&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying the mechanical and hydrologic effects of riparian vegetation on streambank stability AN - 18438685; 5409482 AB - Riparian vegetation strips are widely used by river managers to increase streambank stability, among other purposes. However, though the effects of vegetation on bank stability are widely discussed they are rarely quantified, and generally underemphasize the importance of hydrologic processes, some of which may be detrimental. This paper presents results from an experiment in which the hydrologic and mechanical effects of four riparian tree species and two erosion-control grasses were quantified in relation to bank stability. Geotechnical and pore-water pressure data from streambank plots under three riparian covers (mature trees, clump grasses and bare/cropped turf grass) were used to drive the ARS bank stability model, and the resulting factor of safety (F sub(s)) was broken down into its constituent parts to assess the contribution (beneficial or detrimental) of individual hydrologic and mechanical effects (soil moisture modification, root reinforcement and surcharge). Tree roots were found to increase soil strength by 2-8 kPa depending on species, while grass roots contributed 6-18 kPa. Slope stability analysis based on data collected during bank failures in spring 2000 (following a very dry antecedent period) shows that the mechanical effects of the tree cover increased F sub(s) by 32 per cent, while the hydrologic effects increased F sub(s) by 71 per cent. For grasses the figures were 70 per cent for mechanical effects and a reduction of F sub(s) by 10 per cent for the hydrologic effects. However, analysis based on bank failures in spring 2001 (following a wetter than average antecedent period) showed the mechanical effects of the tree cover to increase F sub(s) by 46 per cent, while hydrologic effects added 29 per cent. For grasses the figures were 49 per cent and -15 per cent respectively. During several periods in spring 2001 the hydrologic effects of the tree cover reduced bank stability, though this was always offset by the stabilizing mechanical effects. The results demonstrate the importance of hydrologic processes in controlling streambank stability, and highlight the need to select riparian vegetation based on hydrologic as well as mechanical and ecological criteria. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Simon, A AU - Collison, AJC AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, asimon@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 527 EP - 546 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18438685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Quantifying+the+mechanical+and+hydrologic+effects+of+riparian+vegetation+on+streambank+stability&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BCollison%2C+AJC&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Geomorphic Responses to Land Use Changes. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of a protective avian inflammatory response: the role of an IL-8-like cytokine in the recruitment of heterophils to the site of organ invasion by Salmonella enteritidis AN - 18436521; 5410361 AB - Increased resistance to Salmonella enteritidis (SE) organ infectivity in chickens can be conferred by the prophylactic administration of SE-immune lymphokines (ILK). Resistance is associated with an enhanced heterophilic accumulation within 4 h of ILK injection. In these studies, the role of IL-8 in ILK-mediated heterophil recruitment during SE infections in young chickens was investigated. Heterophil accumulation was enhanced 2-4 h after the i.p. injection of both ILK and SE (ILK/SE) when compared to the control chicks. An i.p. injection of a rabbit polyclonal anti-human IL-8 antibody significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the accumulation of heterophils in the peritoneum after the injection of ILK/SE. Injections of preimmune rabbit IgG had no effect on peritoneal heterophil numbers. Within 2 h of injection of ILK/SE, a ten-fold increase in heterophil chemotactic activity was found in the peritoneal lavage fluid from these chicks compared to the saline control chicks. Pretreatment, with the anti-IL-8 antibody, of the peritoneal lavage fluids collected from the ILK/SE-treated chicks dramatically reduced this heterophil chemotactic activity. Treatment of the lavage fluids from all groups with preimmune IgG had no effect on heterophil chemotaxis. Additionally, pretreatment of ILK with the anti-human IL-8 antibody had no effect on heterophil chemotaxis. The results from these experiments suggest that IL-8 is produced locally by the host in response to both the SE infection and the ILK. With these studies, it was established that IL-8 is a major chemotactic factor produced by the host, which aids in mediating the ILK/SE-induced recruitment of heterophils to the site of SE invasion. JF - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases AU - Kogut, M H AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2881 F and B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, kogut@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 159 EP - 172 VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0147-9571, 0147-9571 KW - chickens KW - heterophils KW - rabbits KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 067735:Interleukins KW - F 06772:Other cells (leukocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, platelets) KW - J 02862:Infection KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - F 06735:Mediators UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18436521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+a+protective+avian+inflammatory+response%3A+the+role+of+an+IL-8-like+cytokine+in+the+recruitment+of+heterophils+to+the+site+of+organ+invasion+by+Salmonella+enteritidis&rft.au=Kogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Kogut&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=01479571&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for a sex pheromone in bark beetle parasitoid Roptrocerus xylophagorum AN - 18433653; 5405236 AB - Male Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) exhibited courtship and mating behaviors including wing fanning, antennation, mounting, and copulation attempts when exposed to glass bulb decoys coated with a whole-body extract of females in hexane, acetone, or methanol. Activity of extract-treated decoys declined gradually over one week. Males responded much less strongly to freeze-killed female cadavers extracted with solvents than to unextracted cadavers; treatment of extracted cadavers with female extract restored male responses. The pheromone was found to be equally present over the surface of both the abdomen and head/thorax of females, and the origin of the pheromone could not be conclusively localized to any single body region. The activity of pheromone on females increased between day 1 and days 3-5 following eclosion; otherwise, pheromone activity was not significantly affected by either female age or mating. Males were arrested within the zone of a glass surface on which females had walked, suggesting that the pheromone might be substrate-borne. Recent exposure to females reduced male responsiveness, but responsiveness was fully restored after a few hours of male isolation from females. When hexane extracts of whole females were fractionated on silica gel, the pheromone's activity was largely recovered with the first, most nonpolar fraction. Female extracts and fractions were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cuticular hydrocarbon alkanes were identified as the extract components whose concentrations correlated best with male responses. Evidence of the pheromone's long persistence, low volatility, low polarity, and presence over the insect's entire body surface further supported the hypothesis that the pheromone was composed of one or more cuticular hydrocarbons. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Sullivan, B T AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, Louisiana 71360, USA, briansullivan@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 1045 EP - 1064 VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Males KW - Pteromalid wasps KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18433653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+a+sex+pheromone+in+bark+beetle+parasitoid+Roptrocerus+xylophagorum&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The geographic distribution of pubescence in the sea daisy, Borrichia aborescens, on Bahamian Islands AN - 18414698; 5400004 AB - Borrichia aborescens (L.) DC. is a salt-tolerant perennial herb that is common on small islands in the central Bahamas. Two morphotypes are present: one with densely pubescent leaves and one with glabrous leaves. I conducted surveys in three archipelagos to document the geographical distribution of pubescence in this species and to infer the underlying mechanisms. B. aborescens was also grown from seed in a greenhouse. The pubescent form of B. aborescens was relatively more abundant on small islands than on nearby large 'mainland' islands. In two of the three archipelagoes, pubescence increased with distance on small islands. The pubescent form was relatively more abundant on small islands exposed to the open ocean compared to small islands that were protected by mainland islands or reefs on all sides. On a large mainland island, the pubescent form decreased in relative abundance inland from the coast. B. aborescens cultivated in a greenhouse revealed the effect of a genetic factor on the expression of pubescence. The observed patterns of variation are consistent with a physiological explanation for the adaptive benefit of pubescence. Trichomes may prevent physical blockage of the stomata by accumulation of salt in areas near breaking waves and salt spray. JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography AU - Morrison, L W AD - Section of Evolution and Ecology, Division of Biological Sciences, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A., lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 247 EP - 252 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1466-822X, 1466-822X KW - leaf pubescence KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18414698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography&rft.atitle=The+geographic+distribution+of+pubescence+in+the+sea+daisy%2C+Borrichia+aborescens%2C+on+Bahamian+Islands&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography&rft.issn=1466822X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1466-822X.2002.00282.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00282.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wolbachia Infection in the Coffee Berry Borer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) AN - 18413830; 5400500 AB - A nested polymerase chain reaction protocol yielded positive detection of the maternally inherited cytoplasmic proteobacterium Wolbachia in total genomic DNA from coffee berry borers collected in Benin, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, India, Kenya, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Uganda. Wolbachia was not detected in specimens from Cameroon, the Dominican Republic, Indonesia, Jamaica, and Peru. Amplified bands from India and Brazil were cloned and sequenced. The 438-bp sequence clearly conformed to Wolbachia group B and was nearly identical to that of Ephestia kuehniella. The possible implications of Wolbachia infection in the coffee berry borer are discussed. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Vega, F E AU - Benavides, P AU - Stuart, JA AU - O'Neill, S L Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 374 EP - 378 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Bark beetles KW - Beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - cloning KW - infection KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18413830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Wolbachia+Infection+in+the+Coffee+Berry+Borer+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29&rft.au=Vega%2C+F+E%3BBenavides%2C+P%3BStuart%2C+JA%3BO%27Neill%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Vega&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%280374%3AWIITCB%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=95&page=374 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2002)095(0374:WIITCB)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle AN - 18407442; 5400801 AB - Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted to assess the potential of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (Pst) as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle. Silwet L-77, an organosilicone surfactant, was required to facilitate Pst penetration into Canada thistle leaves. Growth chamber experiments indicated that maximum Pst populations inside leaves were obtained with a Silwet L-77 concentration of 0.3% (v/v) or greater. High Pst populations (109 colony-forming units [cfu] per gram fresh weight) were found in leaves 48 h after treatment with 108 or 109 cfu ml-1 Pst plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v). In growth chamber experiments, foliar application of Pst (109 cfu ml-1) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v) on 4- to 5-wk-old Canada thistle reduced shoot dry weight by 52% (measured 14 d after treatment) and chlorophyll content of emerging leaves by 92% (measured 10 d after treatment). In field trials conducted in 1999 and 2000, Pst (109 cfu ml-1) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v) were applied at 700 L ha-1, and the method of application (paint gun, backpack sprayer, boom) and the number of applications (one or two separated by 14 d) were examined. Averaged over 2 yr, two applications with a backpack sprayer resulted in 67% disease incidence (apical chlorosis) of treated plants measured 4 wk after the initial treatment (WAIT). At the time of flower bud formation (8 WAIT), there was little or no disease incidence, 31% reduction in plant height, 81% reduction in number of flower buds, and 20% reduction in shoot survival during 1999 but no effect on survival in 2000. Nomenclature: Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. CIRAR; soybean, Glycine max L. 'Lambert', 'Kato'. JF - Weed Science AU - Gronwald, J W AU - Plaisance, K L AU - Ide, DA AU - Wyse, D L AD - Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN 55108, gronw001@tc.umn.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 397 EP - 404 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Canada thistle KW - Silwet L-77 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01042:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18407442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+tagetis+as+a+biocontrol+agent+for+Canada+thistle&rft.au=Gronwald%2C+J+W%3BPlaisance%2C+K+L%3BIde%2C+DA%3BWyse%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Gronwald&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282002%29050%280397%3AAOPSPT%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2002)050(0397:AOPSPT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The enrichment of a ruminal bacterium (Megasphaera elsdenii YJ-4) that produces the trans -10, cis -12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid AN - 18391194; 5380869 AB - Aims: To isolate predominant ruminal bacteria that produce trans -10, cis -12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from linoleic acid (LA). Methods and Results: Mixed bacteria from ruminal contents of a cow fed grain were enriched with DL-lactate and trypticase. They produced more trans -10, cis -12 CLA than those that were not enriched (7 vs 2 mu g mg protein super(-1) , P < 0.05). Enrichments had an abundance of large cocci that produced trans -10, cis -12 CLA from LA. Strain YJ-4 produced the most trans -10, cis -12 CLA (approx. 7 mu g mg protein super(-1) ) and 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that YJ-4 was a strain of Megasphaera elsdenii. Megasphaera elsdenii T81 produced approx. 4 mu g trans -10, cis -12 CLA mg protein super(-1) while strains B159, AW106 and JL1 produced < 0.5 mu g mg protein super(-1) . The trans -10, cis -12 CLA production of YJ-4 was first order with respect to cell concentration (0-800 mu g protein ml super(-1) ), but kinetics were not first order with respect to substrate concentration. Conclusions: Some M. elsdenii strains produce significant amounts of trans -10, cis -12 CLA. Significance and Impact of the Study: Trans- 10, cis -12 CLA appears to cause milk fat depression in cattle fed diets supplemented with grain and polyunsaturated fatty acids, but predominant ruminal bacteria that produced trans -10, cis -12 CLA from LA had not previously been isolated. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Kim, Y AU - Liu, R AU - Rychlik, J AU - Russell, J AD - Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, Department of Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, NY, USA, jbr8@cornell.edu Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 976 EP - 982 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 92 IS - 5 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - trypticase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18391194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+enrichment+of+a+ruminal+bacterium+%28Megasphaera+elsdenii+YJ-4%29+that+produces+the+trans+-10%2C+cis+-12+isomer+of+conjugated+linoleic+acid&rft.au=Kim%2C+Y%3BLiu%2C+R%3BRychlik%2C+J%3BRussell%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2002.01610.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01610.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Epidemic of Almond Witches'-broom in Lebanon: Classification and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Associated Phytoplasma AN - 18389086; 5377313 AB - An epidemic of almond witches'-broom has devastated almond production in Lebanon. Thousands of almond trees have died over the past 10 years due to the rapid spread of the disease. The symptoms, which include early flowering, stunted growth, leaf rosetting, dieback, off-season growth, proliferation of slender shoots, and witches'-brooms arising mainly from the main trunk and roots, resemble those caused by phytoplasmal infections. For the detection of the putative causal agent, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using universal primers (P1/P7, R16mF2/R16mR1, and R16F2n/R16R2) commonly used for the specific diagnosis of plant pathogenic phytoplasmas. Phytoplasmas were readily detected from infected trees with witches'-broom symptoms collected from three major almond growing regions in Lebanon. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR products amplified by the primer pair R16F2n/R16R2 revealed that the phytoplasma associated with infected almonds is similar to, but distinct from, members of the pigeon pea witches'-broom phytoplasma group (16SrIX). A new subgroup, 16SrIX-B, was designated. Sequencing of the amplified products of the phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene indicated that almond witches'-broom (AlmWB) phytoplasma is most closely related to members of the pigeon pea witches'-broom phytoplasma group (with sequence homology ranging from 98.4 to 99.0%). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences from AlmWB phytoplasma and from representative phytoplasmas from GenBank showed that the AlmWB phytoplasma represents a distinct lineage within the pigeon pea witches'-broom subclade. The same phytoplasma appears also to infect peach and nectarine seedlings. JF - Plant Disease AU - Abou-Jawdah, Y AU - Karakashian, A AU - Sobh, H AU - Martini, M AU - Lee, Ing-Ming AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 477 EP - 484 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18389086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=An+Epidemic+of+Almond+Witches%27-broom+in+Lebanon%3A+Classification+and+Phylogenetic+Relationships+of+the+Associated+Phytoplasma&rft.au=Abou-Jawdah%2C+Y%3BKarakashian%2C+A%3BSobh%2C+H%3BMartini%2C+M%3BLee%2C+Ing-Ming&rft.aulast=Abou-Jawdah&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Model for Probabilistic Assessment of Phytosanitary Risk Reduction Measures AN - 18387659; 5377323 AB - Ideally, a phytosanitary performance standard would be defined as a probabilistic tolerance. For treatments such as solid wood pasteurization, this could be operationalized by stating with a specific degree of confidence that the treatment failure rate for a sentinel pest should be less than a defined level (e.g., X% confidence that the wood heat treatment failure rate for pest Y does not exceed Z%). This article illustrates a probabilistic approach to developing a phytosanitary performance standard, using heat treatment of the wood-inhabiting fungus Postia placenta as an example. The uncertainty about the proportion of wood blocks in which P. placenta survives after treatment is characterized by the Beta distribution, subject to the biological constraint that survival should decrease monotonically with increased time and temperature. Monte Carlo simulation techniques are then used to generate a probabilistic response surface relating proportion survival to treatment time and temperature. This modeling approach relaxes the parametric assumptions associated with traditional statistical methods for fitting response surfaces and is more flexible than conventional methods, resulting in a better fit to the observed data. JF - Plant Disease AU - Powell, M R AD - United States Department of Agriculture Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis, Washington, DC 20250, USA, mpowell@oce.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 552 EP - 557 VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - phytosanitation KW - risk reduction KW - standards KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01110:Environmental KW - K 03100:Miscellaneous topics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18387659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=A+Model+for+Probabilistic+Assessment+of+Phytosanitary+Risk+Reduction+Measures&rft.au=Powell%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Export of invertebrates and detritus from fishless headwater streams in southeastern Alaska: implications for downstream salmonid production AN - 18330404; 5380403 AB - We examined the export of invertebrates (aquatic and terrestrial) and coarse organic detritus from forested headwaters to aquatic habitats downstream in the coastal mountains of southeast Alaska, U.S.A. Fifty-two small streams (mean discharge range: 1.2-3.6 L s super(-1) ), representing a geographic range throughout southeast Alaska, were sampled with 250- mu m nets either seasonally (April, July, September) or every 2 weeks throughout the year. Samples were used to assess the potential subsidy of energy from fishless headwaters to downstream systems containing fish.Invertebrates of aquatic and terrestrial origin were both captured, with aquatic taxa making up 65-92% of the total. Baetidae, Chironomidae and Ostracoda were most numerous of the aquatic taxa (34, 16 and 8%, respectively), although Coleoptera (mostly Amphizoidae) contributed the greatest biomass (30%). Mites (Acarina) were the most numerous terrestrial taxon, while terrestrial Coleoptera accounted for most of the terrestrial invertebrate biomass.Invertebrates and detritus were exported from headwaters throughout the year, averaging 163 mg invertebrate dry mass stream super(-1) day super(-1) and 10.4 g detritus stream super(-1) day super(-1) , respectively. The amount of export was highly variable among streams and seasons (5-6000 individuals stream super(-1) day super(-1) and <1-22 individuals m super(-3) water; <1-286 g detritus stream super(-1) day super(-1) and <0.1-1.7 g detritus m super(-3) water). Delivery of invertebrates from headwaters to habitats with fish was estimated at 0.44 g dry mass m super(-2) year super(-1) . We estimate that every kilometre of salmonid-bearing stream could receive enough energy (prey and detritus) from fishless headwaters to support 100-2000 young-of-the-year (YOY) salmonids. These results illustrate that headwaters are source areas of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates and detritus, linking upland ecosystems with habitats lower in the catchment. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Wipfli AU - Gregovich, D P AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Juneau, AK, U.S.A., mwipfli@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 957 EP - 969 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Salmonids KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Macrofauna KW - Salmonidae KW - Streams KW - Detritus KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18330404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Export+of+invertebrates+and+detritus+from+fishless+headwater+streams+in+southeastern+Alaska%3A+implications+for+downstream+salmonid+production&rft.au=Wipfli%3BGregovich%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Wipfli&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=957&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2427.2002.00826.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonidae; USA, Alaska; Macrofauna; Detritus; Streams DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00826.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccination of Pregnant Dams with Intimin sub(O157) Protects Suckling Piglets from Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection AN - 18296514; 5352077 AB - Cattle are important reservoirs of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 that cause disease in humans. Both dairy and beef cattle are asymptomatically and sporadically infected with EHEC. Our long-term goal is to develop an effective vaccine to prevent cattle from becoming infected and transmitting EHEC O157:H7 to humans. We used passive immunization of neonatal piglets (as a surrogate model) to determine if antibodies against EHEC O157 adhesin (intimin sub(O157)) inhibit EHEC colonization. Pregnant swine (dams) with serum anti-intimin titers of <100 were vaccinated twice with purified intimin sub(O157) or sham-vaccinated with sterile buffer. Intimin sub(O157)-specific antibody titers in colostrum and serum of dams were increased after parenteral vaccination with intimin sub(O157). Neonatal piglets were allowed to suckle vaccinated or sham-vaccinated dams for up to 8 h before they were inoculated with 10 CFU of a Shiga toxin-negative (for humane reasons) strain of EHEC O157:H7. Piglets were necropsied at 2 to 10 days after inoculation, and intestinal samples were collected for determination of bacteriological counts and histopathological analysis. Piglets that ingested colostrum containing intimin sub(O157)-specific antibodies from vaccinated dams, but not those nursing sham-vaccinated dams, were protected from EHEC O157:H7 colonization and intestinal damage. These results establish intimin sub(O157) as a viable candidate for an EHEC O157:H7 antitransmission vaccine. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Dean-Nystrom, E A AU - Gansheroff, L J AU - Mills, M AU - Moon, H W AU - O'Brien, AD AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070., enystrom@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 2414 EP - 2418 VL - 70 IS - 5 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - pigs KW - infection KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Intestine KW - Escherichia coli KW - Vaccines KW - Pregnancy KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18296514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Vaccination+of+Pregnant+Dams+with+Intimin+sub%28O157%29+Protects+Suckling+Piglets+from+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+Infection&rft.au=Dean-Nystrom%2C+E+A%3BGansheroff%2C+L+J%3BMills%2C+M%3BMoon%2C+H+W%3BO%27Brien%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Dean-Nystrom&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.5.2414-2418.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Vaccines; Pregnancy; Intestine; Colonization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.5.2414-2418.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape-Scale Relationships Between Abundance Of Marbled Murrelets And Distribution Of Nesting Habitat AN - 17309711; 5972281 AB - We used radar to count numbers of Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) flying inland within 10 river drainages on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, during 1998-2000. We tested whether the numbers of murrelets entering drainages could be predicted from the amount and spatial configuration of low-elevation, late-seral forest (potential murrelet nesting habitat) within drainages. The maximal number of murrelet radar targets was positively correlated with the amount of late-seral forest in each of the three years sampled; this relationship persisted in 1999 and 2000 when controlling for drainage size. Murrelet radar counts were not correlated with the combined amounts of harvested, developed, and agricultural lands in any year. Numbers of murrelets increased as the amount of core area of late-seral forest and proximity of patches increased, and decreased with increasing amounts of edge of late-seral patches. Numbers were not correlated with the percent of late-seral forest, patch density, patch size, road density, or the overall diversity of all habitat types within landscapes. Neither the maximal nor the mean number of inbound Marbled Murrelets differed among years; the effect of year was small relative to the effect of habitat on murrelet numbers. Our results suggest that changes in the amount or distribution of nesting habitat should result in detectable changes in murrelet numbers at the scale of individual drainages. Thus, the amount and distribution of nesting habitat may play a role in the regulation of Marbled Murrelet populations, supporting the contention that providing nesting habitat is an effective conservation and restoration technique for this species. Relaciones a Escala del Paisaje entre la Abundancia de Brachyramphus marmoratus y la Distribucion de Habitat de NidificacionOriginal Abstract: Durante 1998-2000 utilizamos radares para contar el numero de individuos de Brachyramphus marmoratus que volaron tierra adentro a lo largo de 10 cuencas de rios que desaguan en la Peninsula Olimpica, Washington, USA. Evaluamos si el numero de individuos de B. marmoratus que entran por las cuencas puede ser predicho por la cantidad y configuracion espacial de bosques de baja elevacion que se encuentran en estadios sucesionales tardios (potencial habitat de nidificacion para estas aves) en cada cuenca. En cada uno de los tres anos, el maximo numero de individuos de B. marmoratus detectados estuvo positivamente correlacionado con la cantidad de bosque sucesional tardio; luego de controlar por el area de las cuencas esta relacion persistio en 1999 y 2000. Durante todos los anos, los conteos de B. marmoratus mediante radares no se correlacionaron con la cantidad combinada de tierras cosechadas, desarrolladas y agricolas. El numero de individuos de B. marmoratus aumento con el area nucleo de bosque sucesional tardio y con el aumento de la proximidad entre parches, y decrecio con el aumento de la cantidad de borde en los parches sucesionales tardios. El numero de aves no se correlaciono con el porcentaje de bosque sucesional tardio, densidad y area de parches, densidad de calles, ni diversidad total de todos los tipos de habitats en el paisaje. Ni el numero maximo ni el promedio de individuos de B. marmoratus que volaron en direccion tierra adentro diferio entre anos; el efecto del ano fue pequeno en comparacion con el efecto del habitat o del numero de aves. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los cambios en la cantidad o distribucion de habitat para la nidificacion deberian resultar en cambios detectables en el numero de individuos de B. marmoratus a la escala individual de cada cuenca. Por lo tanto, la cantidad y distribucion de habitat para nidificacion puede jugar un papel importante en la regulacion de poblaciones de B. marmoratus, lo cual apoya la idea que proveer de habitat para nidificacion es una tecnica efectiva para la conservacion y restauracion de esta especie. JF - Condor AU - Raphael, M G AU - Mack, DE AU - Cooper, BA AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd Avenue SW, Olympia, WA 98512-9193 Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 331 EP - 342 PB - Cooper Ornithological Society VL - 104 IS - 2 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q5 01523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Y 25501:General KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q1 01442:Population dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17309711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Landscape-Scale+Relationships+Between+Abundance+Of+Marbled+Murrelets+And+Distribution+Of+Nesting+Habitat&rft.au=Raphael%2C+M+G%3BMack%2C+DE%3BCooper%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Raphael&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0010-5422%282002%291042.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0010-5422&volume=104&page=331 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0010-5422(2002)104<0331:LSRBAO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Raindrop-induced and wind-driven soil particle transport AN - 16132390; 5382250 AB - A wind tunnel study under wind-driven rains was conducted to determine the combined effect of rain and wind on the rainsplash transport process. The rains driven by horizontal wind velocities of 6, 10 and 12 m s super(-1) were applied to three agricultural soils packed into a 20x55-cm soil pan placed at both windward and leeward slopes of 4.0 degree , 8.5 degree and 11.3 degree . Transport rates were measured by trapping the splashed particles at set distances in the upslope and downslope directions, respectively, for windward and leeward slopes. Rainsplash transport under wind-driven rains was adequately described (R super(2)=0.93) by relating the transport rate to the rain impact pressure and wind shear velocity by log-linear regression technique. Average trajectory of a raindrop-induced and wind-driven particle was also adequately predicted by the momentum loss per unit time per unit length of travel (u sub(*) super(2)/g). The travel distance is found to be three times greater than the path of a typical saltating sand grain. JF - Catena AU - Erpul, G AU - Norton, L D AU - Gabriels, D AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, 1196 SOIL Bldg., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA, erpul@purdue.edu Y1 - 2002/05/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 May 01 SP - 227 EP - 243 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Transport KW - Wind transport KW - Regression techniques KW - Driving rain KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Rainfall effects on soil KW - Soil Erosion KW - Soil particles KW - Wind KW - Wind tunnel experiments KW - M2 551.579:Hydrometeorology (551.579) KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - M2 551.577:General Precipitation (551.577) KW - M2 551.556.4:Transport of foreign bodies (pollutants) by wind (wind erosion) (551.556.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16132390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=Raindrop-induced+and+wind-driven+soil+particle+transport&rft.au=Erpul%2C+G%3BNorton%2C+L+D%3BGabriels%2C+D&rft.aulast=Erpul&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Regression techniques; Wind transport; Driving rain; Rainfall effects on soil; Soil particles; Wind tunnel experiments; Sediment Transport; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Soil Erosion; Wind ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regioselectivity of New Bacterial Lipases Determined by Hydrolysis of Triolein AN - 1448224321; 18620142 AB - The newly identified lipases of 67 bacterial strains, primarily Bacillus and Pseudomonas, from the ARS Culture Collection have been characterized on the basis of their positional specificity for triglycerides (triolein). Lipase was produced by growing the cultures in tryptone-glucose-yeast extract medium for 24 h at 30 degree C before addition of triglyceride. The lipase was allowed to act on the triglyceride for 3 days before analysis by thin-layer chromatography. Of the bacterial lipases tested, 55 displayed random specificity, 9 were 1,3-specific, and 3 showed no apparent lipase activity under these conditions. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Lanser, Alan C AU - Manthey, Linda K AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA,, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA, US Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 336 EP - 340 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Culture collections KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Bacillus KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448224321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Regioselectivity+of+New+Bacterial+Lipases+Determined+by+Hydrolysis+of+Triolein&rft.au=Lanser%2C+Alan+C%3BManthey%2C+Linda+K%3BHou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Lanser&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-001-0019-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triacylglycerol lipase; Bacillus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-001-0019-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing the Distribution of Macronutrient Intake among U.S. Adults: A Quantile Regression Approach AN - 1038614147; 17020567 AB - Since the risk of dietary inadequacy or excess is greater at the tails of the nutrient intake distributions than at the mean, marginal effects of explanatory variables estimated at the conditional mean using ordinary least squares may be of limited value in characterizing these distributions. Quantile regression is effective in this situation since it can estimate conditional functions at any part of the distribution. Quantile regression results suggest that age, education, and income have a larger influence at intake levels where the risk of excess is greater compared with intake levels where the risk of excess is lower. JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Variyam, Jayachandran N AU - Blaylock, James AU - Smallwood, David AD - Economic Research Service, USDA Y1 - 2002/05// PY - 2002 DA - May 2002 SP - 454 EP - 466 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Age KW - Diets KW - USA KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038614147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Characterizing+the+Distribution+of+Macronutrient+Intake+among+U.S.+Adults%3A+A+Quantile+Regression+Approach&rft.au=Variyam%2C+Jayachandran+N%3BBlaylock%2C+James%3BSmallwood%2C+David&rft.aulast=Variyam&rft.aufirst=Jayachandran&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00029092&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F1467-8276.00310 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8276.00310 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large-scale management experiments in the moist maritime forests of the Pacific Northwest AN - 18433786; 5418002 AB - Several large, integrated forest management experiments have been initiated in the Pacific Northwest this past decade, partially in response to contentious resource management debates. Their goal is to use alternative silviculture treatments to enhance wildlife habitat, biodiversity, or the conservation of aquatic resources in a manner that is socially acceptable. Seven of these large-scale multi-resource silvicultural experiments are examined and evaluated, in light of previous experience with large-scale experiments. All seven employ randomized block designs with replicated treatment units large and practical enough to be commercially operational (most treatment units are 13-20 ha). Because the large-scale context is designed into these experiments, results can be directly interpreted at the scale of management that produced the manipulation, eliminating a change-of-scale bias common in smaller management experiments. The considerable advantages of large, operational treatments are accompanied by their own problems, however. Because of the great expense ( similar to US$ 10 super(6)/block) and size (50-200 ha) of the experimental blocks, sample size is small (n < 7 blocks) on all but one experiment. This means that statistical power (the probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis) will be weak across blocks. With few replicates and high variability both within and among these large-scale treatments, investigators face the possibility that differences might only be detectable at untraditionally high significance levels. A second problem with large-scale experiments is pseudoreplication (lack of independence across replicates), which results in the strength of the experimental evidence being overstated. This is a concern for three of the experiments because their blocks are located in relatively small geographic areas. Meta-analysis (a joint hypothesis test across experiments) is proposed as an effective way to increase sample size--and, therefore, power--while accounting for the different degrees of variation across studies. Looking for commonality, all seven studies are examining the effect of alternative silvicultural on both wildlife habitat and biodiversity. A test of a common hypothesis about ecosystem management would greatly increase not only the power of the test but the return on investment from these rather expensive experiments. In addition to small sample sizes, large variability, and pseudoreplication, other problems common to large-scale experiments are evident. Forest growth experiments are inherently long-term because they are dominated by slow processes with strong transient dynamics. Investigators are faced with institutional and academic demands for short-term results that not only are publishable but also can justify the large investments. The realities of the timber-sale process delayed or eliminated several blocks on at least three of the experiments. Randomization becomes a serious concern for the forest manager, because a clearcut or heavy removal treatment could be assigned to a highly visible location that might be socially unacceptable. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Monserud, R A AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208-3890, USA, rmonserud@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/04/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 30 SP - 159 EP - 180 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18433786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Large-scale+management+experiments+in+the+moist+maritime+forests+of+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Monserud%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Monserud&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-30&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of extrusion temperature and dwell time on aflatoxin levels in cottonseed. AN - 71615179; 11958621 AB - Cottonseed is an economical source of protein and is commonly used in balancing livestock rations; however, its use is typically limited by protein, fat, gossypol, and aflatoxin contents. Whole cottonseed was extruded to determine if the temperature and dwell time (multiple stages of processing) associated with the process affected aflatoxin levels. The extrusion temperature study showed that aflatoxin levels were reduced by an additional 33% when the cottonseed was extruded at 160 degrees C as compared to 104 degrees C. Furthermore, the multiple-pass extrusion study indicated that aflatoxin levels were reduced by an additional 55% when the cottonseed was extruded four times as compared to one time. To estimate the aflatoxin reductions due to extrusion temperature and dwell time, the least mean fits obtained for the individual studies were combined. Total estimated reductions of 55% (three stages of processing at 104 degrees C), 50% (two stages of processing at 132 degrees C), and 47% (one stage of processing at 160 degrees C) were obtained from the combined equations. If the extreme conditions (four stages of processing at 160 degrees C) of the evaluation studies are applied to the combined temperature and processing equation, the resulting aflatoxin reduction would be 76%. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Buser, Michael D AU - Abbas, Hamed K AD - Cotton Ginning Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 111 Experiment Station Road, P.O. Box 256, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. mbuser@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04/24/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 24 SP - 2556 EP - 2559 VL - 50 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Cottonseed Oil KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Animal Feed KW - Cottonseed Oil -- chemistry KW - Temperature KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71615179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+extrusion+temperature+and+dwell+time+on+aflatoxin+levels+in+cottonseed.&rft.au=Buser%2C+Michael+D%3BAbbas%2C+Hamed+K&rft.aulast=Buser&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2002-04-24&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of environmental conditions on the permeability of high density polyethylene film to fumigant vapors. AN - 71653000; 11993884 AB - Soil fumigation in greenhouses or agricultural fields often includes tarping the soil surface with polyethylene (PE) films to contain the fumigant in the soil and reduce emissions to the atmosphere. Previous research has demonstrated that PE films are permeable to methyl bromide and other fumigant compounds. In these experiments, the effect of temperature, fumigant mixtures, condensed water, and field aging on the permeability of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was determined. Mass transfer coefficients (h, a measure of permeability) of the fumigants methyl bromide, 1,3-dichloropropene, propargyl bromide, and chloropicrin across HDPE films were determined. In these studies, temperature and HDPE film type had the largest impact on the h of fumigant compounds across HDPE films. Other factors investigated, including fumigant mixtures, condensed water on the film, and field aging of UV-stabilized film, did not have a significant impact on h. The results of these experiments suggest that the permeability of an intact piece of an agricultural film will increase with increasing temperature but is relatively constant despite changes in other environmental conditions. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Papiernik, Sharon K AU - Yates, Scott R AD - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, California 92507-4617, USA. spapiernik@ussl.ars.usdo.gov Y1 - 2002/04/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 15 SP - 1833 EP - 1838 VL - 36 IS - 8 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Polyethylene KW - 9002-88-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Permeability KW - Temperature KW - Volatilization KW - Time Factors KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Polyethylene -- chemistry KW - Fumigation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71653000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+environmental+conditions+on+the+permeability+of+high+density+polyethylene+film+to+fumigant+vapors.&rft.au=Papiernik%2C+Sharon+K%3BYates%2C+Scott+R&rft.aulast=Papiernik&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.date=2002-04-15&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of partial cutting on stand structure and growth of western hemlock-Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska AN - 18299036; 5339943 AB - The effects of partial cutting on species composition, new and residual-tree cohorts, tree size distribution, and tree growth was evaluated on 73 plots in 18 stands throughout southeast Alaska. These partially cut stands were harvested 12-96 years ago, when 16-96% of the former stand basal area was removed. Partial cutting maintained stand structures similar to uncut old-growth stands, and the cutting had no significant effects on tree species composition. The establishment of new-tree cohorts was positively related to the proportion of basal-area cut. The current stand basal area, tree species composition, and stand growth were significantly related to trees left after harvest (p<0.001) . Trees that were 20-80 cm dbh at the time of cutting had the greatest tree-diameter and basal-area growth and contributed the most to stand growth. Diameter growth of Sitka spruce and western hemlock was similar, and the proportion of stand basal-area growth between species was consistent for different cutting intensities. Concerns about changing tree species composition, lack of spruce regeneration, and greatly reduced stand growth and vigor with partial cuts were largely unsubstantiated. Silvicultural systems based on partial cutting can provide rapidly growing trees for timber production while maintaining complex stand structures with mixtures of spruce and hemlock trees similar to old-growth stands. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Deal, R L AU - Tappeiner, J C AD - USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Lane, 99801 Juneau, AK USA Y1 - 2002/04/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 15 SP - 173 EP - 186 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 159 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Pacific hemlock KW - West coast hemlock KW - Western hemlock KW - Sitka spruce KW - Coast spruce KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Forest management KW - Growth KW - Cutting KW - Stand structure KW - Species composition KW - Picea sitchensis KW - Tsuga heterophylla KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18299036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+partial+cutting+on+stand+structure+and+growth+of+western+hemlock-Sitka+spruce+stands+in+southeast+Alaska&rft.au=Deal%2C+R+L%3BTappeiner%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Deal&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-15&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tsuga heterophylla; Picea sitchensis; USA, Alaska; Cutting; Stand structure; Growth; Species composition; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of nutrient and water availability on carbohydrate storage in loblolly pine AN - 18293165; 5339950 AB - We quantified the effects of nutrient and water availability on monthly whole-tree carbohydrate budgets and determined allocation patterns of storage carbohydrates in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) to test site resource impacts on internal carbon (C) storage. A factorial combination of two nutrient and two irrigation treatments were imposed on a 7-year-old loblolly pine stand in the Sandhills of North Carolina. Monthly collections of foliage, branch, stem, bark, and root tissues were made and total non-structural carbohydrate analyses were performed on samples collected in years 3 and 4 after treatment initiation. Seasonal fluxes of carbohydrates reflected the hypothesized use and storage patterns. Starch concentrations peaked in the spring in all tissues measured; however, minimum concentrations in aboveground tissue occurred in late winter while minimum concentrations in below ground tissue occurred in late fall. Increased nutrient availability generally decreased starch concentrations in current year tissue, while increasing starch in 1-year-old woody tissue. Irrigation treatments did not significantly impact carbohydrate flux. The greatest capacity for starch storage was in below ground tissue, accounting for as much as 400 kg C/ha per year, and more than 65% of the total stored starch C pool. The absolute amount of C stored as starch was significantly increased with increased nutrient availability, however, its relative contribution to the total annual C budget was not changed. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Ludovici, KH AU - Allen, H L AU - Albaugh, T J AU - Dougherty, P M AD - USDA Forest Service, 3041 Cornwallis Road, 27709 Research Triangle Park, NC USA Y1 - 2002/04/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 15 SP - 261 EP - 270 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 159 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Loblolly pine KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Pinus taeda KW - Nutrient availability KW - Pine Trees KW - Available Water KW - Nutrients KW - Carbohydrates KW - Forest Management KW - Water availability KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18293165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+nutrient+and+water+availability+on+carbohydrate+storage+in+loblolly+pine&rft.au=Ludovici%2C+KH%3BAllen%2C+H+L%3BAlbaugh%2C+T+J%3BDougherty%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Ludovici&rft.aufirst=KH&rft.date=2002-04-15&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Nutrient availability; Carbohydrates; Water availability; Available Water; Pine Trees; Nutrients; Forest Management; Pinus taeda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal Insulation Properties of Biodegradable, Cellulosic-Based Nonwoven Composites for Automotive Application AN - 746273664; 12603574 AB - Moldable, cellulosic-based nonwoven composites with excellent thermal insulation properties were fabricated from kenaf, jute, flax, and waste cotton using recycled polyester and substandard polypropylene. The composites of these fibers have excellent shape stability and high tensile and flexural properties coupled with economic and environmental benefits. Four different designs incorporating different cellulosic fibers, manufacturing techniques and various ratios of vegetable-synthetic fibers were manufactured on laboratory-scale equipment. A Steady-State Heat Flow meter was used for measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal transmittance of samples of composites. The data show that thermal insulation properties of the cellulosic-based nonwoven composites vary significantly, depending on the type of the cellulosic fibers, the ratio of cellulosic fibers to synthetic fibers, and the resulting density of the composite. JF - Journal of Industrial Textiles AU - Yachmenev, V G AU - Parikh, D V AU - Calamari, T A AD - Southern Regional Research Center USDA, New Orleans, LA, USA, yachmene@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 283 EP - 296 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 1528-0837, 1528-0837 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - nonwovens KW - kenaf KW - jute KW - flax KW - cotton KW - polyester KW - polypropylene KW - recycled fibers KW - thermal insulation KW - Fibers KW - polyesters KW - Data processing KW - Cotton KW - Heat KW - Textiles KW - Economics KW - Wastes KW - Biodegradability KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746273664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Textiles&rft.atitle=Thermal+Insulation+Properties+of+Biodegradable%2C+Cellulosic-Based+Nonwoven+Composites+for+Automotive+Application&rft.au=Yachmenev%2C+V+G%3BParikh%2C+D+V%3BCalamari%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Yachmenev&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Textiles&rft.issn=15280837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1106%2F152808302029087 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibers; polyesters; Cotton; Data processing; Textiles; Heat; Economics; Wastes; polypropylene; Biodegradability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/152808302029087 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of drinking water chlorination on Campylobacter spp. colonization of broilers. AN - 71809250; 12061650 AB - The main source for Campylobacter spp. transmission from the environment to broiler chickens is still unclear. One implicated reservoir for the organism has been untreated broiler drinking water. This study was conducted with broilers first using experimental conditions (isolation units) and second under commercial conditions. We compared the rate of intestinal colonization in chickens provided 2 to 5 parts per million (ppm) chlorinated drinking water in relation to the frequency of colonization in chickens given unsupplemented drinking water. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was detected in isolation frequency or level of Campylobacter spp. colonization in birds provided chlorinated drinking water and control birds provided water without supplemental chlorine. In the isolation unit experiments, 86.3% (69/80) of the control and 85.0% (68/80) of the treated birds were colonized at levels corresponding to an average of 10(5.2) and 10(5.1) log colony-forming units (cfu) Campylobacter spp./g of cecal contents, respectively. Additionally, two sets of paired 20,000 bird broiler houses, with and without chlorination (2-5 ppm chlorine), were monitored in a commercial field trial. Effectiveness of chlorination was judged by prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in fecal droppings (960 samples) taken from the flocks in treated and control houses. Birds from the control houses were 35.5% (175/493) Campylobacter spp. positive, while 45.8% (214/467) of the samples from the houses having chlorinated drinking water yielded the organism. Chlorination of flock drinking water at the levels tested in this study was not effective in decreasing colonization by Campylobacter spp. under commercial production practices presently used in the United States. JF - Avian diseases AU - Stern, N J AU - Robach, M C AU - Cox, N A AU - Musgrove, M T AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 401 EP - 404 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Drinking KW - Animals KW - Random Allocation KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- veterinary KW - Water Microbiology KW - Cecum -- microbiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Chickens KW - Campylobacter -- growth & development KW - Campylobacter Infections -- veterinary KW - Campylobacter Infections -- microbiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- microbiology KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71809250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Effect+of+drinking+water+chlorination+on+Campylobacter+spp.+colonization+of+broilers.&rft.au=Stern%2C+N+J%3BRobach%2C+M+C%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CAY-I, a fungicidal saponin from Capsicum sp. fruit. AN - 71809151; 12058725 AB - Saponins are steroidal or terpenoid-based glycosides with surface active properties. A steroidal saponin, CAY-1, with a molecular weight of 1243.35 Da, was isolated and purified to homogeneity from commercially available dry, ground fruit of Capsicum frutescens. CAY-1 was shown to be a potent fungicide for the germinating conidia of Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. parasiticus and A. niger with species-dependent LD90 values between 3 and 20 microM. Activity against some Aspergillus species was affected by the test medium used. In vitro assays, CAY-1 was effective against Pneumocystis carinii (IC50): 9.5 microM) and Candida albicans (IC90: 6.2 microM). CAY-1 had no effect on the viability of the nongerminating conidia of the two filamentous fungi, P. carinii and C. albicans, nor on the conidial type of Fusarium oxysporum. It was ineffective against the bacteria Enterobacter agglomerans, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. CAY-1 was not cytotoxic to A 549 lung carcinoma cells or HeLa cells at effective fungicidal concentrations. The results indicate that CAY-1 is an effective fungicide for Aspergillus species, C. albicans and P. carinii at concentrations below the threshold for mammalian cell toxicity. JF - Medical mycology AU - De Lucca, A J AU - Bland, J M AU - Vigo, C B AU - Cushion, M AU - Selitrennikoff, C P AU - Peter, J AU - Walsh, T J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. adelucca@commserver.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 131 EP - 137 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1369-3786, 1369-3786 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - CAY-I KW - Saponins KW - Steroids KW - Index Medicus KW - HeLa Cells KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Aspergillus -- drug effects KW - Capsicum -- chemistry KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Steroids -- isolation & purification KW - Steroids -- pharmacology KW - Saponins -- pharmacology KW - Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Saponins -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71809151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+mycology&rft.atitle=CAY-I%2C+a+fungicidal+saponin+from+Capsicum+sp.+fruit.&rft.au=De+Lucca%2C+A+J%3BBland%2C+J+M%3BVigo%2C+C+B%3BCushion%2C+M%3BSelitrennikoff%2C+C+P%3BPeter%2C+J%3BWalsh%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=De+Lucca&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+mycology&rft.issn=13693786&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in ovarian function in mature beef cows grazing endophyte infected tall fescue. AN - 71737147; 12035982 AB - The objective was to examine follicular and luteal development and function in mature, lactating beef cows grazing endophyte free (E-) or endophyte infected (E+) tall fescue during the early postpartum period. Angus, Hereford, and Angus x Hereford cows were exposed to pasture for 37-39 days before synchronized estrus. Serum concentrations of prolactin were evaluated during the luteal phase before the synchronized estrus. Every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for one estrous cycle ovaries were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography and blood was collected for determination of serum concentrations of progesterone and estradiol in cows that responded to synchronization. Signs of fescue toxicosis in E+ cows included decreased serum concentrations of prolactin (84.9+/-13.6 pg/ml versus 32.3+/-12.0 pg/ml; P 10 mm) follicles were similar (P > 0.05) between treatments, but number of class 2 (6-9 mm) follicles was reduced in E+ cows for most of the cycle (days 10 through 20; P 0.05) among treatment groups. Even though follicular dynamics (diameter of the largest follicle and number of class 2 follicles) were altered in cows grazing E+ tall fescue, follicular function was apparently not affected by ergot alkaloids. JF - Theriogenology AU - Burke, J M AU - Rorie, R W AD - Southern Plains Area-Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA-ARS, Booneville, AR 72927-9214, USA. jmburke@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 01 SP - 1733 EP - 1742 VL - 57 IS - 6 SN - 0093-691X, 0093-691X KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Estrous Cycle KW - Animals KW - Prolactin -- blood KW - Estradiol -- blood KW - Corpus Luteum -- anatomy & histology KW - Seasons KW - Weaning KW - Estrus Synchronization KW - Postpartum Period KW - Progesterone -- blood KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cattle -- physiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Acremonium KW - Poaceae -- microbiology KW - Ovary -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71737147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theriogenology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+ovarian+function+in+mature+beef+cows+grazing+endophyte+infected+tall+fescue.&rft.au=Burke%2C+J+M%3BRorie%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Theriogenology&rft.issn=0093691X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of locoweed toxin swainsonine in populations of Oxytropis lambertii. AN - 71721927; 12035920 AB - Oxytropis lambertii has been considered to be one of the major locoweeds responsible for livestock poisoning on rangelands, but there has been much confusion as to its taxonomic identity. The objective of this study was to conduct a field survey of several populations of each of the three varieties [var. lambertii Pursh; var higelovii A. Gray; var. articulata (E. Greene) Barneby] to document the presence or absence of the locoweed toxin, swainsonine. Swainsonine was found at detectable levels (>0.001% dry weight) in only five populations of var. higelovii in the southwest portion of its distribution in southern Utah, Arizona, and southwestern New Mexico, USA. No swainsonine was detected in populations in the northeast areas of its distribution (eastern Utah, Colorado, northeastern New Mexico, USA). The other varieties, articulata and lambertii, also did not contain swainsonine. It is suspected that a plant fungal endophyte may be responsible for the high variability in swainsonine content in populations of O. lambertii. JF - Journal of chemical ecology AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Welsh, S L AU - Gardner, D R AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. mralphs@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 701 EP - 707 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Plant Extracts KW - 0 KW - Swainsonine KW - RSY4RK37KQ KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Random Allocation KW - Plant Extracts -- isolation & purification KW - Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Plant Extracts -- analysis KW - Swainsonine -- analysis KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry KW - Swainsonine -- isolation & purification KW - Fabaceae -- classification KW - Plants, Toxic -- metabolism KW - Fabaceae -- metabolism KW - Fabaceae -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71721927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chemical+ecology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+locoweed+toxin+swainsonine+in+populations+of+Oxytropis+lambertii.&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BWelsh%2C+S+L%3BGardner%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=701&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chemical+ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of virus concentration and ultraviolet irradiation on the activity of corn earworm and beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) nucleopolyhedroviruses. AN - 71703446; 12019996 AB - Laboratory studies were initiated to determine the relationship between virus concentration and radiation-caused inactivation of NPVs from Helicoverpa zea (HzSNPV) and Spodoptera exigua (SeMNPV). In the laboratory, a UV-B/UV-A system was used for inactivation studies. For both viruses inactivation was dependent upon both length of UV exposure and virus concentration. At all virus concentrations HzSNPV was more sensitive to UV than SeMNPV. In the field HzSNPV was used and virus persistence was significantly affected by virus concentration (i.e., inactivation was inversely related to virus concentration). JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Shapiro, Martin AU - Farrar, Robert R AU - Domek, John AU - Javaid, Iqbal AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Henry A. Wallace Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. shapirom@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 243 EP - 249 VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Animals KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- radiation effects KW - Spodoptera -- virology KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- physiology KW - Moths -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71703446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+virus+concentration+and+ultraviolet+irradiation+on+the+activity+of+corn+earworm+and+beet+armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+nucleopolyhedroviruses.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Martin%3BFarrar%2C+Robert+R%3BDomek%2C+John%3BJavaid%2C+Iqbal&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of the Salmonella enteritidis risk assessment for shell eggs and egg products. AN - 71702392; 12022671 AB - This article summarizes a quantitative microbial risk assessment designed to characterize the public health impact of consumption of shell eggs and egg products contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). This risk assessment's objectives were to: (1) establish the baseline risk of foodborne illness from SE, (2) identify and evaluate potential risk mitigation strategies, and (3) identify data gaps related to future research efforts. The risk assessment model has five modules. The Egg Production module estimates the number of eggs produced that are SE-contaminated. Shell Egg Processing, Egg Products Processing, and Preparation & Consumption modules estimate the increase or decrease in the numbers of SE organisms in eggs or egg products as they pass through storage, transportation, processing, and preparation. A Public Health Outcomes module then calculates the incidence of illnesses and four clinical outcomes, as well as the cases of reactive arthritis associated with SE infection following consumption. The baseline model estimates an average production of 2.3 million SE-contaminated shell eggs/year of the estimated 69 billion produced annually and predicts an average of 661,633, human illnesses per year from consumption of these eggs. The model estimates approximately 94% of these cases recover without medical care, 5% visit a physician, an additional 0.5% are hospitalized, and 0.05% result in death. The contribution of SE from commercially pasteurized egg products was estimated to be negligible. Five mitigation scenarios were selected for comparison of their individual and combined effects on the number of human illnesses. Results suggest that mitigation in only one segment of the farm-to-table continuum will be less effective than several applied in different segments. Key data gaps and areas for future research include the epidemiology of SE on farms, the bacteriology of SE in eggs, human behavior in food handling and preparation, and human responses to SE exposure. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Hope, B K AU - Baker, R AU - Edel, E D AU - Hogue, A T AU - Schlosser, W D AU - Whiting, R AU - McDowell, R M AU - Morales, R A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC, USA. hope.bruce@deq.state.or.us Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 203 EP - 218 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Food Microbiology KW - Computer Simulation KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Software Design KW - Risk Assessment KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- etiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71702392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+the+Salmonella+enteritidis+risk+assessment+for+shell+eggs+and+egg+products.&rft.au=Hope%2C+B+K%3BBaker%2C+R%3BEdel%2C+E+D%3BHogue%2C+A+T%3BSchlosser%2C+W+D%3BWhiting%2C+R%3BMcDowell%2C+R+M%3BMorales%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Hope&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of anion and cation inhibitors and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors upon the activity of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleo-polyhedrovirus. AN - 71701802; 12019995 AB - Twenty chemicals that were reported to act as anion transport inhibitors, cation transport inhibitors, and inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase activity were tested at a 1% concentration (wt:wt) for their effects upon the biological activity of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV). Among the five anion transport inhibitors tested, flufenamic acid acted as a viral enhancer. None of the seven inhibitors of K+ enhanced viral activity and three (4-aminopyridine, diacetyl, and procaine) significantly reduced the activity of LdMNPV. All four Na+ transport inhibitors (abietic acid, amiloride, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, triamterene) acted as viral enhancers. Triamterene was the most active enhancer, as the LC50 was reduced by approximately 1,750-fold. Five carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were tested and four (acetazolamide, hydrochlorothiazide, methazolamide, sulfanilamide) enhanced the activity of LdMNPV. Acetazolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor), amiloride (a Na+ transport inhibitor), and flufenamic acid (an anion transport inhibitor) were tested singly and in different combinations. Every combination tested (acetazolamide/amiloride, acetazolamide/flufenamic acid, amiloride/flufenamic acid, acetazolamide/amiloride/flufenamic acid) significantly decreased the LC50 from 7.79 PIB/mm2 to a value as low as 0.008 PIB/mm2 (amiloride/flufenamic acid). JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Shapiro, Martin AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, MD 20705, USA. shapirom@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 237 EP - 242 VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Anions KW - 0 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors KW - Cations KW - Ion Pumps KW - Potassium Channel Blockers KW - Sodium Channel Blockers KW - Flufenamic Acid KW - 60GCX7Y6BH KW - Amiloride KW - 7DZO8EB0Z3 KW - Acetazolamide KW - O3FX965V0I KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sodium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Potassium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Acetazolamide -- pharmacology KW - Amiloride -- pharmacology KW - Flufenamic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Ion Pumps -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Antiviral Agents -- pharmacology KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- physiology KW - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- drug effects KW - Moths -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71701802?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+anion+and+cation+inhibitors+and+carbonic+anhydrase+inhibitors+upon+the+activity+of+the+gypsy+moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+nucleo-polyhedrovirus.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Martin&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of antifungal agents on biological fitness of Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae). AN - 71697410; 12019998 AB - Artificial diets have become important components of rearing systems for insects that are used for research purposes and in commercial production. Because the rearing conditions for insects also provide ideal settings for mold growth, antifungal additives are often used to reduce diet contamination. However, the antifungal agents must not only be effective in mold suppression, they must also be safe to the target insects of the rearing programs. The toxicity of five commonly used antifungal agents (benzoic acid, formalin, methyl paraben, propionic acid, and sorbic acid) was tested using diet bioassays on Lygus hesperus Knight, and the effect on biological fitness was measured. Biological fitness was defined as total number of survivors, mean biomass (dry weight) accumulated per cage over the total treatment period, egg production, time to adult emergence, and time to start of egg laying. Methyl paraben and formalin were found to have significant negative effects on these measurements of biological fitness. Challenge tests to determine the ability of the antifungal agents to suppress mold growth when inoculated into the diet medium are currently in progress. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Alverson, Janet AU - Cohen, Allen C AD - Biological Control and Mass Rearing Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State 39762, USA. janalverson@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 256 EP - 260 VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Parabens KW - Propionates KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Benzoic Acid KW - 8SKN0B0MIM KW - methylparaben KW - A2I8C7HI9T KW - propionic acid KW - JHU490RVYR KW - Sorbic Acid KW - X045WJ989B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Oviposition -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Formaldehyde -- pharmacology KW - Heteroptera -- drug effects KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Heteroptera -- growth & development KW - Parabens -- pharmacology KW - Propionates -- pharmacology KW - Sorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Benzoic Acid -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71697410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+antifungal+agents+on+biological+fitness+of+Lygus+hesperus+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29.&rft.au=Alverson%2C+Janet%3BCohen%2C+Allen+C&rft.aulast=Alverson&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insecticide susceptibility and detoxication enzyme activities among Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki workers sampled from different locations in New Orleans. AN - 71625580; 11976062 AB - Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki worker termites were sampled from 20 locations in the City Park area of New Orleans, LA. The termites were subsequently assayed to determine their susceptibility to cypermethrin, chlordane and chlorpyrifos, and detoxication enzyme activity. Cypermethrin was most toxic against Formosan subterranean termite workers, chlorpyrifos exhibited intermediate toxicity and chlordane was least toxic. A comparison of insecticide susceptibility between the most and least tolerant colonies revealed 1.9-, 1.7- and 1.8-fold differences in susceptibility for cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and chlordane, respectively. As with the bioassay data, although significant differences were noted, a great deal of overlap was observed among the colonies for total cytochrome P450 content (difference of 2.2-fold between high and low value) aldrin epoxidation (3.6-fold) and cytosolic esterase (3.9-fold) activity. No significant differences were observed among the colonies for methoxyresorufin O-demethylase or glutathione S-transferase activity. Conversely, microsomal esterase activity varied greatly; a 38-fold difference was observed between the most (Cf1776) and least (Cf1387) active colonies. However, no significant correlation was observed between insecticide susceptibility and microsomal esterase activity. In fact, no significant correlations were observed between any of the enzyme activities measured and insecticide susceptibility. These results are discussed in the context of insecticide selection and future control effectiveness. JF - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP AU - Valles, Steven M AU - Woodson, W David AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. svalles@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 469 EP - 476 VL - 131 IS - 4 SN - 1532-0456, 1532-0456 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Chlordan KW - 12789-03-6 KW - cypermethrin KW - 1TR49121NP KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Esterases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - Index Medicus KW - Chlordan -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Esterases -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Biological Assay KW - Drug Resistance KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology KW - Chlorpyrifos -- pharmacology KW - Isoptera -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Isoptera -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71625580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Toxicology+%26+pharmacology+%3A+CBP&rft.atitle=Insecticide+susceptibility+and+detoxication+enzyme+activities+among+Coptotermes+formosanus+Shiraki+workers+sampled+from+different+locations+in+New+Orleans.&rft.au=Valles%2C+Steven+M%3BWoodson%2C+W+David&rft.aulast=Valles&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+biochemistry+and+physiology.+Toxicology+%26+pharmacology+%3A+CBP&rft.issn=15320456&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An index technique to monitor broadcast calibration and bait pick up, plus rodent and avian sign under arid conditions. AN - 71619850; 11975187 AB - As part of product-performance and wildlife-hazards studies of 2% zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) steam-rolled-oat baits (11.2 kg ha-1) to reduce vole populations (Microtus spp) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), we used randomly located, brushed-dirt plots (eight approximately 930-cm2 plots per 0.2-ha enclosure) to monitor bait-broadcast and -removal patterns, as well as to index vole and avian sign. Research was conducted in 18 x 0.2-ha enclosures containing 2.5-year-old stands of alfalfa; a 2-day pre-bait (placebo baits broadcast in all enclosures) period followed by a 14-day test-bait period (placebo and 2% Zn3P2 baits in nine enclosures each) characterized the bait exposures. Baits were broadcast manually by two certified pesticide applicators (CPAs) using Spyker Model-75 spreaders. Baits that fell onto plots were counted < 30 min later to assess the uniformity of bait distribution. The main statistical design was a 2 (placebo or Zn3P2 baits) x 3 (vole-only, vole-pheasant, vole-quail exposures) x 14 (days) factorial, with days considered repeated measurements. In the six vole-only enclosures, baits were removed from the brushed-dirt plots and replaced with four 0% or 2% Zn3P2 baits (one per 232.6-cm2 quadrant; 32 per enclosure); these 'placed' baits were then monitored daily for removal, while the surfaces of all plots were monitored daily for the presence:absence of animal/bird sign. Key results were: (a) 3.51 (+/- 2.66) and 3.39 (+/- 3.52) mean (+/- SD) baits were found on plots after pre-bait and test-bait broadcasts, respectively--less than the predicted 4.52 particles per 930-cm2 plot; (b) baits 'placed' on plots in placebo-baited enclosures were removed earlier than those in Zn3P2-baited enclosures--data in agreement with observed vole mortality; and (c) species x bait interactions occurred for both the vole- and pheasant-sign counts, but not quail-sign counts--data also indirectly confirming Zn3P2-induced mortality effects on voles and pheasants. This technique has utility for a variety of wildlife biology and chemical registration studies; although limited to arid conditions, the technique affords useful indices of broadcast calibration, bait pick-up, as well as target and non-target species mortality. JF - Pest management science AU - Sterner, Ray T AU - Ramey, Craig A AD - USDA/APHIS/WS, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA. ray.t.sterner@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 385 EP - 391 VL - 58 IS - 4 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Phosphines KW - 0 KW - Rodenticides KW - Zinc Compounds KW - zinc phosphide KW - 813396S1PC KW - Index Medicus KW - Rodent Control -- statistics & numerical data KW - Animals KW - Desert Climate KW - Arvicolinae -- physiology KW - Quail -- physiology KW - Rodent Control -- methods KW - Rodentia -- physiology KW - Animals, Wild -- physiology KW - Rodenticides -- toxicity KW - Zinc Compounds -- toxicity KW - Phosphines -- toxicity KW - Birds -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71619850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=An+index+technique+to+monitor+broadcast+calibration+and+bait+pick+up%2C+plus+rodent+and+avian+sign+under+arid+conditions.&rft.au=Sterner%2C+Ray+T%3BRamey%2C+Craig+A&rft.aulast=Sterner&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluorescence polarization as a tool for the determination of deoxynivalenol in wheat. AN - 71613601; 11962698 AB - The mould Fusarium graminearum is found worldwide as a pathogen of cereal grains, in particular of wheat and maize, and it produces a mycotoxin known as deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin). Each year, the presence of this compound and related trichothecenes causes substantial losses to agricultural productivity. Rapid methods for the measurement of the toxin in grains are required to monitor and divert effectively contaminated grain from the food supply. A fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay using a previously described monoclonal antibody for DON was developed. The assay was based on the competition of unlabeled DON from a sample with a fluorescently tagged DON, DON-fluorescein (DON-FL), for a DON-specific monoclonal antibody in solution. The FP of the tagged DON was increased upon binding with the antibody. In the presence of free toxin, less of the DON-FL was bound and the polarization signal was decreased. The assays were very simple to perform, requiring only mixing of an aqueous extract of wheat with the DON-FL and antibody. The sensitivity of the assay was strongly dependent upon the time between mixing of the sample with the tracer and measurement of the fluorescence polarization, with midpoints for the competition curves ranging from 0.03 microg ml(-1) with a 15-s incubation to >1 microg ml(-1) with a 12-min incubation. Samples of wheat naturally contaminated with DON were evaluated by FP and by an HPLC-UV method, with a good correlation (r2 = 0.97). Although the FP method tended to overestimate DON slightly in the wheat samples, by approxiamtely 20%, the assay was easy to use and very useful for the screening of wheat. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Maragos, C M AU - Jolley, M E AU - Nasir, M S AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. maragocm@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 400 EP - 407 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay -- methods KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology KW - Trichothecenes -- immunology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71613601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Fluorescence+polarization+as+a+tool+for+the+determination+of+deoxynivalenol+in+wheat.&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M%3BJolley%2C+M+E%3BNasir%2C+M+S&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of STS and CAPS markers for identification of three tall larkspurs (Delphinium spp.). AN - 71610419; 11962619 AB - One cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and nine sequence tagged site (STS) markers were developed for identifying tall larkspur (Delphinium spp.) plants in three species based on the DNA sequence of known species-specific RAPD markers. Four STS markers were used for identification of Delphinium occidentale, three STS markers for Delphinium barbeyi, and one CAPS and two STS markers for Delphinium glaucum. One hundred sixty-six individual plants collected at 19 locations in the western U.S.A. were tested using the STS and CAPS markers. Over 95% of the D. occidentale plants contained all four D. occidentale specific STS markers, whereas the remaining plants contained three of the four STS markers. Approximately 97% of D. barbeyi plants contained all three D. barbeyi specific STS markers, and the rest had two of the three STS markers. A small percentage of D. barbeyi plants contained one D. occidentale specific STS marker. Hybrid populations were characterized as having more D. occidentale specific than D. barbeyi specific STS markers, suggesting that the three hybrid populations are composed not of F1 hybrid plants of the parental species but of segregating offspring of different generations from original hybrids. This set of STS and CAPS markers for larkspur species should be useful in classification of unknown plant materials and the identification of hybrid populations. JF - Genome AU - Li, Xiaomei AU - Gardner, Dale R AU - Ralphs, Michael H AU - Wang, Richard R C AD - USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA. Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 229 EP - 235 VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0831-2796, 0831-2796 KW - DNA, Plant KW - 0 KW - Genetic Markers KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique KW - Species Specificity KW - DNA, Plant -- analysis KW - Ranunculaceae -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Ranunculaceae -- growth & development KW - Sequence Tagged Sites KW - Ranunculaceae -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71610419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome&rft.atitle=Development+of+STS+and+CAPS+markers+for+identification+of+three+tall+larkspurs+%28Delphinium+spp.%29.&rft.au=Li%2C+Xiaomei%3BGardner%2C+Dale+R%3BRalphs%2C+Michael+H%3BWang%2C+Richard+R+C&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Xiaomei&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genome&rft.issn=08312796&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symptoms and implications of selenium toxicity in fish: the Belews Lake case example. AN - 71537031; 11879937 AB - Belews Lake, North Carolina was contaminated by selenium in wastewater from a coal-fired power plant during the mid-1970s, and toxic impacts to the resident fish community (20 species) were studied for over two decades. Symptoms of chronic selenium poisoning in Belews Lake fish included, (1) telangiectasia (swelling) of gill lamellae; (2) elevated lymphocytes; (3) reduced hematocrit and hemoglobin (anemia); (4) corneal cataracts; (5) exopthalmus (popeye); (6) pathological alterations in liver, kidney, heart, and ovary (e.g. vacuolization of parenchymal hepatocytes, intracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis, severe pericarditis and myocarditis, necrotic and ruptured mature egg follicles); (7) reproductive failure (reduced production of viable eggs due to ovarian pathology, and post-hatch mortality due to bioaccumulation of selenium in eggs); and (8) teratogenic deformities of the spine, head, mouth, and fins. Important principles of selenium cycling and toxicity were documented in the Belews Lake studies. Selenium poisoning in fish can be 'invisible', because, the primary point of impact is the egg, which receives selenium from the female's diet (whether consumed in organic or inorganic forms), and stores it until hatching, whereupon it is metabolized by the developing fish. If concentrations in eggs are great enough (about 10 microg/g or greater) biochemical functions may be disrupted, and teratogenic deformity and death may occur. Adult fish can survive and appear healthy despite the fact that extensive reproductive failure is occurring--19 of the 20 species in Belews Lake were eliminated as a result of this insidious mode of toxicity. Bioaccumulation in aquatic food chains causes otherwise harmless concentrations of selenium to reach toxic levels, and the selenium in contaminated sediments can be cycled into food chains for decades. The lessons learned from Belews Lake provide information useful for protecting aquatic ecosystems as new selenium issues emerge. JF - Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) AU - Lemly, A Dennis AD - Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, Southern Research Station, United States Forest Service, 1650 Ramble Road, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA. dlemly@vt.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 39 EP - 49 VL - 57 IS - 1-2 SN - 0166-445X, 0166-445X KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fresh Water KW - Fishes KW - North Carolina KW - Ovum -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Fish Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Selenium -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- veterinary KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71537031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+toxicology+%28Amsterdam%2C+Netherlands%29&rft.atitle=Symptoms+and+implications+of+selenium+toxicity+in+fish%3A+the+Belews+Lake+case+example.&rft.au=Lemly%2C+A+Dennis&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+toxicology+%28Amsterdam%2C+Netherlands%29&rft.issn=0166445X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of calorie restriction on mortality kinetics in inbred strains of mice following 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene treatment. AN - 71535717; 11909880 AB - Calorie restriction (CR) has long been known to increase longevity and to delay the onset and to decrease the incidence of many age-related disease processes. The mechanism(s) by which these outcomes are attained is unidentified. This experiment was designed to examine whether differences existed in the extent to which various inbred strains of mice respond to CR. This work explored whether carcinogen-treated animals could be used to facilitate this aim by decreasing the time needed to observe differences in mortality kinetics between CR mice and ad libitum (AL) fed controls. Female mice from each of eight strains (A/J, BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6, DBA/2J, FVB/J, NMRI, and 129/J) were given a single oral dose (65 mg/kg) of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and subsequently fed AL or calorically restricted. Following carcinogen treatment, the spectrum of lesions observed demonstrated genotypic variability, thereby complicating comparison among the inbred strains examined. However, in terms of the magnitude of alteration in mortality kinetics observed, a statistical analysis revealed that differences exist among the various strains of mice in their response. JF - The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences AU - Lipman, Ruth D AD - USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. lipman@mail.hrca.harvard.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - B153 EP - B157 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 1079-5006, 1079-5006 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Body Weight KW - Mortality KW - Animals KW - Kinetics KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- pharmacology KW - Longevity -- physiology KW - Longevity -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred Strains -- anatomy & histology KW - Mice, Inbred Strains -- physiology KW - Energy Intake UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71535717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.atitle=Effect+of+calorie+restriction+on+mortality+kinetics+in+inbred+strains+of+mice+following+7%2C12-dimethylbenz%5Ba%5Danthracene+treatment.&rft.au=Lipman%2C+Ruth+D&rft.aulast=Lipman&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=B153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.issn=10795006&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A brominated-fluorene insect neuropeptide analog exhibits pyrokinin/PBAN-specific toxicity for adult females of the tobacco budworm moth. AN - 71530049; 11897401 AB - An analog of the insect pyrokinin/PBAN class of neuropeptides, which features a 2-amino7-bromofluorene attached to the carboxy-terminal bioactive core of the insect pyrokinin/PBAN class of neuropeptides (Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH(2)), via a succinnic acid linker, was tested in adult H. virescens moths. This analog was found to induce pheromone production when injected into or applied topically to moths. Topical application of as much as 1 nmol of the analog to moths induced production of significant amounts of pheromone for only 1-2 h, whereas injection of 500 pmol induced pheromone production for up to 20 h. All insects died within 24 h after injection of 500 pmol of the analog. Mortality studies indicated that the LD(50) for the analog was 0.7 pmol when injected. A non-pyrokinin/PBAN peptide analog formed by attachment of 2-amino-7-bromofluorene to Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-NH(2) (via the succinnic acid linker) did not induce mortality when injected at 1 nmol. Similarly no mortality was found when up to 2 nmol of an analog containing a non-brominated fluorene ring, formed by attachment of 9-fluoreneacetic acid to Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH(2,) was injected into moths. The data indicated that both the bromine and active core of the pyrokinin neuropeptides (Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH(2)) were critical for a specific toxic action and suggested that the brominated analog poisoned the moths by interacting with pyrokinin receptors. JF - Peptides AU - Teal, Peter E A AU - Nachman, Ronald J AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1700 SW 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. pteal@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 801 EP - 806 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0196-9781, 0196-9781 KW - Bromine Compounds KW - 0 KW - Insect Hormones KW - Insecticides KW - Neuropeptides KW - Sex Attractants KW - pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide, Helicoverpa zea KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Sex Attractants -- toxicity KW - Sex Attractants -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Bromine Compounds -- chemistry KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Insect Hormones -- metabolism KW - Moths -- metabolism KW - Neuropeptides -- toxicity KW - Insect Hormones -- pharmacology KW - Neuropeptides -- chemistry KW - Insect Hormones -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71530049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peptides&rft.atitle=A+brominated-fluorene+insect+neuropeptide+analog+exhibits+pyrokinin%2FPBAN-specific+toxicity+for+adult+females+of+the+tobacco+budworm+moth.&rft.au=Teal%2C+Peter+E+A%3BNachman%2C+Ronald+J&rft.aulast=Teal&rft.aufirst=Peter+E&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Peptides&rft.issn=01969781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stimulation of protein synthesis by both insulin and amino acids is unique to skeletal muscle in neonatal pigs. AN - 71497173; 11882508 AB - In neonatal pigs, the feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, but not liver, can be reproduced by insulin infusion when essential amino acids and glucose are maintained at fasting levels. In the present study, 7- and 26-day-old pigs were studied during 1) fasting, 2) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamps, 3) euinsulinemic-euglycemic-hyperaminoacidemic clamps, and 4) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-hyperaminoacidemic clamps. Amino acids were clamped using a new amino acid mixture enriched in nonessential amino acids. Tissue protein synthesis was measured using a flooding dose of L-[4-(3)H]phenylalanine. In 7-day-old pigs, insulin infusion alone increased protein synthesis in various skeletal muscles (from +35 to +64%), with equivalent contribution of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins, as well as cardiac muscle (+50%), skin (+34%), and spleen (+26%). Amino acid infusion alone increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscles (from +28 to +50%), also with equivalent contribution of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins, as well as liver (+27%), pancreas (+28%), and kidney (+10%). An elevation of both insulin and amino acids did not have an additive effect. Similar qualitative results were obtained in 26-day-old pigs, but the magnitude of the stimulation of protein synthesis by insulin and/or amino acids was lower. The results suggest that, in the neonate, the stimulation of protein synthesis by feeding is mediated by either amino acids or insulin in most tissues; however, the feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is uniquely regulated by both insulin and amino acids. JF - American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism AU - Davis, Teresa A AU - Fiorotto, Marta L AU - Burrin, Douglas G AU - Reeds, Peter J AU - Nguyen, Hanh V AU - Beckett, Philip R AU - Vann, Rhonda C AU - O'Connor, Pamela M J AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, and Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - E880 EP - E890 VL - 282 IS - 4 SN - 0193-1849, 0193-1849 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Blood Glucose KW - Insulin KW - Muscle Proteins KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - Phenylalanine KW - 47E5O17Y3R KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Phenylalanine -- metabolism KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Glucose Clamp Technique KW - Fasting KW - Glucose -- administration & dosage KW - Female KW - Amino Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Insulin -- blood KW - Insulin -- pharmacology KW - Insulin -- administration & dosage KW - Amino Acids -- pharmacology KW - Amino Acids -- blood KW - Animals, Newborn -- metabolism KW - Swine -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- drug effects KW - Muscle Proteins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71497173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.atitle=Stimulation+of+protein+synthesis+by+both+insulin+and+amino+acids+is+unique+to+skeletal+muscle+in+neonatal+pigs.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Teresa+A%3BFiorotto%2C+Marta+L%3BBurrin%2C+Douglas+G%3BReeds%2C+Peter+J%3BNguyen%2C+Hanh+V%3BBeckett%2C+Philip+R%3BVann%2C+Rhonda+C%3BO%27Connor%2C+Pamela+M+J&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=E880&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physiology.+Endocrinology+and+metabolism&rft.issn=01931849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of biological measures by mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in soils within a landscape AN - 52117609; 2002-036979 JF - Soil Science AU - Mimmo, Tanja AU - Reeves, J B, III AU - McCarty, G W AU - Galletti, G Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - April 2002 SP - 281 EP - 287 PB - Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD VL - 167 IS - 4 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - soils KW - near-infrared spectra KW - chemical analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra KW - enzymes KW - nitrogen KW - infrared spectra KW - MIDIR spectra KW - organic compounds KW - infrared spectroscopy KW - sampling KW - DRIFT spectra KW - carbon KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - applications KW - spectra KW - landscapes KW - spectroscopy KW - proteins KW - mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52117609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Determination+of+biological+measures+by+mid-infrared+diffuse+reflectance+spectroscopy+in+soils+within+a+landscape&rft.au=Mimmo%2C+Tanja%3BReeves%2C+J+B%2C+III%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W%3BGalletti%2C+G&rft.aulast=Mimmo&rft.aufirst=Tanja&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.soilsci.com LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - PubXState - MD N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - SOSCAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; carbon; chemical analysis; DRIFT spectra; enzymes; infrared spectra; infrared spectroscopy; landscapes; mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra; mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; MIDIR spectra; near-infrared spectra; nitrogen; organic compounds; proteins; sampling; soil surveys; soils; spectra; spectroscopy; statistical analysis; surveys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosynthetic pathway of diepoxy bicyclic FA from linoleic acid by Clavibacter sp. ALA2 AN - 21381537; 12035288 AB - The biosynthetic pathway of two bicyclic FA, 12∶ 17, 13∶ 17-diepoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (DEOA) and 7-hydroxy-12∶ 17, 13∶ 17-diepoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (hDEOA), by Clavibacter sp. ALA2 was investigated. When cultivated with linoleic acid as a substrate, the strain produced 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA), DEOA, and hDEOA as well as other FA. To clarify the synthetic route to these bicyclic FA, the strain was cultivated with purified THOA as a starting substrate. THOA was consumed almost completely by the strain with sequential generation of DEOA and hDEOA. Moreover, the strain produced hDEOA when cultivated with purified DEOA. Therefore, it was confirmed that THOA was a precursor of these bicyclic FA and that hDEOA was generated from DEOA. Based on our previously reported result that linoleic acid is first converted to 12,13-dihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (DHOA) and the present results, the overall biosynthetic pathway for the diepoxy bicyclic FA from linoleic acid was postulated as: linoleic acid->DHOA->THOA->DEOA->hDEOA. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Iwasaki, Yugo AU - Brown, Wanda AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University, St., 61604-3999 Peoria, IL, houct@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 369 EP - 372 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Oil KW - Linoleic acid KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21381537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Biosynthetic+pathway+of+diepoxy+bicyclic+FA+from+linoleic+acid+by+Clavibacter+sp.+ALA2&rft.au=Iwasaki%2C+Yugo%3BBrown%2C+Wanda%3BHou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Iwasaki&rft.aufirst=Yugo&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-002-0490-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-002-0490-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Policy implications of human-accelerated nitrogen cycling AN - 21135436; 5392499 AB - The human induced input of reactive N into the global biosphere has increased to approximately 150 Tg N each year and is expected to continue to increase for the foreseeable future. The need to feed ( similar to 125 Tg N) and to provide energy ( similar to 25 Tg N) for the growing world population drives this trend. This increase in reactive N comes at, in some instances, significant costs to society through increased emissions of NO sub(x), NH sub(3), N sub(2)O and NO sub(3) super(-) and deposition of NO sub(y) and NH sub(x).In the atmosphere, increases in tropospheric ozone and acid deposition (NO sub(y) and NH sub(x)) have led to acidification of aquatic and soil systems and to reductions in forest and crop system production. Changes in aquatic systems as a result of nitrate leaching have led to decreased drinking water quality, eutrophication, hypoxia and decreases in aquatic plant diversity, for example. On the other hand, increased deposition of biologically available N may have increased forest biomass production and may have contributed to increased storage of atmospheric CO sub(2) in plant and soils. Most importantly, synthetic production of fertilizer N has contributed greatly to the remarkable increase in food production that has taken place during the past 50 years.The development of policy to control unwanted reactive N release is difficult because much of the reactive N release is related to food and energy production and reactive N species can be transported great distances in the atmosphere and in aquatic systems. There are many possibilities for limiting reactive N emissions from fuel combustion, and in fact, great strides have been made during the past decades. Reducing the introduction of new reactive N and in curtailing the movement of this N in food production is even more difficult. The particular problem comes from the fact that most of the N that is introduced into the global food production system is not converted into usable product, but rather reenters the biosphere as a surplus. Global policy on N in agriculture is difficult because many countries need to increase food production to raise nutritional levels or to keep up with population growth, which may require increased use of N fertilizers. Although N cycling occurs at regional and global scales, policies are implemented and enforced at the national or provincial/state levels. Multinational efforts to control N loss to the environment are surely needed, but these efforts will require commitments from individual countries and the policy-makers within those countries. JF - Biogeochemistry AU - Mosier, A R AU - Bleken, MA AU - Chaiwanakupt, P AU - Ellis, E C AU - Freney, J R AU - Howarth, R B AU - Matson, P A AU - Minami, K AU - Naylor, R AU - Weeks, K N AU - Zhu, Z AD - USDA/ARS, Fort Collins, CO 80522, U.S.A., amosier@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 477 EP - 516 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 0168-2563, 0168-2563 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Eutrophication KW - agriculture KW - Aquatic plants KW - Troposphere KW - Biosphere KW - Nutrition KW - Atmosphere KW - Agrochemicals KW - Aquatic environment KW - Crops KW - Combustion KW - Soil KW - world population KW - Fertilizers KW - population growth KW - Emissions KW - Nitrogen cycle KW - Drinking water KW - Food production KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21135436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeochemistry&rft.atitle=Policy+implications+of+human-accelerated+nitrogen+cycling&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A+R%3BBleken%2C+MA%3BChaiwanakupt%2C+P%3BEllis%2C+E+C%3BFreney%2C+J+R%3BHowarth%2C+R+B%3BMatson%2C+P+A%3BMinami%2C+K%3BNaylor%2C+R%3BWeeks%2C+K+N%3BZhu%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeochemistry&rft.issn=01682563&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eutrophication; Aquatic plants; agriculture; Troposphere; Biosphere; Agrochemicals; Atmosphere; Nutrition; Crops; Aquatic environment; Combustion; Soil; world population; Fertilizers; population growth; Emissions; Nitrogen cycle; Drinking water; Food production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effects of 6/85 Live Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine in Commercial Layer Hens over a 43-Week Laying Cycle on Egg Production, Selected Egg Quality Parameters, and Egg Size Distribution When Challenged Before Beginning of Lay AN - 19287663; 5536337 AB - SUMMARY.In each of two trials, 80 commercial leghorn-type pullets were separated into two treatments with four replicates of 10 chickens in each treatment. Forty pullets were designated as controls and received no inoculation, whereas the remaining 40 pullets received the 6/85 vaccine strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) at 10 wk of age. Hen-day egg production, egg weight, eggshell strength, Haugh unit score, pimpling incidence, and blood/meat spot incidence were monitored and recorded weekly in each trial through an entire laying cycle of 43 wk. Further, eggs from all treatments were collected daily, Monday-Thursday, and individually weighed.No significant difference was observed between the treatments for 43-wk means for hen-day egg production, for any of the monitored egg or eggshell quality parameters, or for the number of extra large, large, medium, small, pee wee, or undergrade egg sizes. A significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) difference was observed for the number of jumbo-sized eggs between the two treatments.Results of this study suggest that vaccination of commercial layer chickens at 10 wk of age with 6/85 strain MG does not detrimentally impact egg production, egg size distribution, or ovary/oviduct function as evidenced by selected egg parameters monitored in this study.Original Abstract: RESUMEN.Efectos de la vacunacion con la cepa viva 6/85 del Mycoplasma gallisepticum sobre los niveles de produccion, parametros de calidad y tamano del huevo en aves durante un ciclo de postura de 43 semanas, desafiadas antes del inicio de la produccion.En dos estudios diferentes, 80 pollonas comerciales tipo leghorn fueron separadas en dos grupos de tratamiento con cuatro replicas de 10 aves por tratamiento. Cuarenta aves fueron usadas como grupo control no vacunadas, mientras que las 40 aves restantes fueron vacunadas con la cepa 6/85 del Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) a las 10 semanas de edad. Se tomaron semanalmente durante el ciclo de 43 semanas de postura los datos de produccion diaria de huevos por ave, peso de los huevos, calidad del cascaron, mediciones de unidades Haugh, incidencia de imperfecciones del cascaron y manchas de sangre. Los huevos en todos los tratamientos fueron recogidos diariamente de Lunes a Jueves y pesados en forma individual. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos durante las 43 semanas del estudio en los parametros observados, ni en el numero de huevos extra grandes, grandes, medianos, pequenos, enanos o huevos de desecho. Se encontro una diferencia significativa (P less than or equal to 0.05) en el numero de huevos tipo jumbo entre los dos tratamientos. Los resultados de este estudio indican que la vacunacion de gallinas ponedoras comerciales a las 10 semanas de edad con la cepa 6/85 de MG no incide en forma negativa en los parametros de produccion de huevos, distribucion de tamanos o funcion ovarica y del oviducto, tomando como evidencia los parametros observados en este estudio.Abbreviations: ESS = eggshell breaking strength; FA = fluorescent antibody; FMG = F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; HI = hemagglutination inhibition; MG = Mycoplasma gallisepticum; MS = Mycoplasma synoviae; NPIP = National Poultry Improvement Plan; SPA = serum plate agglutination JF - Avian Diseases AU - Branton, S L AU - Bearson, SMD AU - Bearson, B AU - Lott, B D AU - Maslin, W R AU - Collier, S D AU - Pharr, G T AU - Boykin, D L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, South Central Poultry Research Laboratory, Mississippi State, MS 39762 Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 423 EP - 428 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Age KW - Egg production KW - Vaccination KW - Egg shells KW - Meat KW - Blood KW - Oviduct KW - Inoculation KW - Vaccines KW - Ovaries KW - Mycoplasma gallisepticum KW - Size distribution KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19287663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=The+Effects+of+6%2F85+Live+Mycoplasma+gallisepticum+Vaccine+in+Commercial+Layer+Hens+over+a+43-Week+Laying+Cycle+on+Egg+Production%2C+Selected+Egg+Quality+Parameters%2C+and+Egg+Size+Distribution+When+Challenged+Before+Beginning+of+Lay&rft.au=Branton%2C+S+L%3BBearson%2C+SMD%3BBearson%2C+B%3BLott%2C+B+D%3BMaslin%2C+W+R%3BCollier%2C+S+D%3BPharr%2C+G+T%3BBoykin%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Branton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280423%3ATEOLMG%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meat; Egg shells; Blood; Age; Oviduct; Inoculation; Ovaries; Vaccines; Egg production; Vaccination; Size distribution; Mycoplasma gallisepticum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0423:TEOLMG)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cecal Colonization of Chicks by Porcine Strains of Campylobacter coli AN - 19287063; 5536345 AB - SUMMARY.Ten genotypically distinct strains of Campylobacter coli were isolated from a swine production facility. These porcine isolates were then orally inoculated into day-of-hatch leghorn chicks and were excellent colonizers of the chick cecum. Campylobacter coli recovered from inoculated chickens were genotypically identical to the challenge strain. The absence of host specificity suggests a possible movement of strains among swine, field animals and birds, and poultry houses.Original Abstract: RESUMEN.Nota de Investigacion -Colonizacion cecal de pollos por cepas porcinas de Campylobacter coli.A partir de una granja de produccion porcina, se aislaron diez cepas de Campylobacter coli genotipicamente distintas. Estos aislados porcinos fueron inoculados oralmente en pollitos leghorn al dia de edad, encontrandose que todas las cepas colonizaron el ciego de los pollitos. El C. coli aislado de los pollitos inoculados fue genotipicamente identico a la cepa de desafio. La ausencia de especificidad de huesped sugiere un posible movimiento de cepas entre los porcinos, animales de campo y aves, lo mismo que entre las granjas avicolas.Abbreviations: CFU = colony-forming units; PCR = polymerase chain reaction JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Hume, ME AU - Young, C R AU - Harvey, R B AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2881 F & B Road, College Station, TX 77845 Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 473 EP - 477 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Host specificity KW - Houses KW - Poultry KW - Campylobacter coli KW - Cecum KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19287063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Cecal+Colonization+of+Chicks+by+Porcine+Strains+of+Campylobacter+coli&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BHume%2C+ME%3BYoung%2C+C+R%3BHarvey%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280473%3ACCOCBP%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Host specificity; Colonization; Poultry; Houses; Cecum; Campylobacter coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0473:CCOCBP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tomato Transcription Factors Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 Activate Defense Responses When Expressed in Arabidopsis AN - 18710263; 5594079 AB - The Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 proteins from tomato were identified based on their interaction with the product of the Pto disease resistance gene, a Ser-Thr protein kinase. They belong to the ethylene-response factor (ERF) family of plant-unique transcription factors and bind specifically to the GCC-box cis element present in the promoters of many pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Here, we show that these tomato ERFs are localized to the nucleus and function in vivo as transcription activators that regulate the expression of GCC box-containing PR genes. Expression of Pti4, Pti5, or Pti6 in Arabidopsis activated the expression of the salicylic acid-regulated genes PR1 and PR2. Expression of jasmonic acid- and ethylene-regulated genes, such as PR3, PR4, PDF1.2, and Thi2.1, was affected differently by each of the three tomato ERFs, with Arabidopsis-Pti4 plants having very high levels of PDF1.2 transcripts. Exogenous application of salicylic acid to Arabidopsis-Pti4 plants suppressed the increased expression of PDF1.2 but further stimulated PR1 expression. Arabidopsis plants expressing Pti4 displayed increased resistance to the fungal pathogen Erysiphe orontii and increased tolerance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato. These results indicate that Pti4, Pti5, and Pti6 activate the expression of a wide array of PR genes and play important and distinct roles in plant defense. JF - Plant Cell AU - Gu, Yong-Qiang AU - Wildermuth, M C AU - Chakravarthy, S AU - Loh, Ying-Tsu AU - Yang, Caimei AU - He, Xiaohua AU - Han, Yu AU - Martin, G B AD - USDA-ARS, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 817 EP - 831 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1040-4651, 1040-4651 KW - PDF1.2 gene KW - PR1 gene KW - Pti4 protein KW - Pti5 protein KW - Pti6 protein KW - jasmonic acid KW - tomato KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - N 14930:Transcription factors KW - J 02890:Microbial symbiosis, antibiosis and predation KW - A 01030:General KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18710263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell&rft.atitle=Tomato+Transcription+Factors+Pti4%2C+Pti5%2C+and+Pti6+Activate+Defense+Responses+When+Expressed+in+Arabidopsis&rft.au=Gu%2C+Yong-Qiang%3BWildermuth%2C+M+C%3BChakravarthy%2C+S%3BLoh%2C+Ying-Tsu%3BYang%2C+Caimei%3BHe%2C+Xiaohua%3BHan%2C+Yu%3BMartin%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=Yong-Qiang&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell&rft.issn=10404651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental Infection of Turkeys with Avian Pneumovirus and Either Newcastle Disease Virus or Escherichia coli AN - 18631311; 5536336 AB - SUMMARY.Avian pneumoviruses (APVs) are RNA viruses responsible for upper respiratory disease in poultry. Experimental infections are typically less severe than those observed in field cases. Previous studies with APV and Escherichia coli suggest this discrepancy is due to secondary agents. Field observations indicate APV infections are more severe with concurrent infection by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In the current study, we examined the role of lentogenic NDV in the APV disease process. Two-week-old commercial turkey poults were infected with the Colorado strain of APV. Three days later, these poults received an additional inoculation of either NDV or E. coli. Dual infection of APV with either NDV or E. coli resulted in increased morbidity rates, with poults receiving APV/NDV having the highest morbidity rates and displaying lesions of swollen infraorbital sinuses. These lesions were not present in the single APV, NDV, or E. coli groups. These results demonstrate that coinfection with APV and NDV can result in clinical signs and lesions similar to those in field outbreaks of APV.Original Abstract: RESUMEN.Infeccion experimental en pavos por pneumovirus aviar y el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle o Escherichia coli.El pneumovirus aviar es un virus RNA responsable de una enfermedad respiratoria del tracto superior de las aves. Las infecciones experimentales son por lo general menos severas que las observadas en el campo. Estudios realizados con anterioridad con el pneumovirus aviar y Escherichia coli sugieren que las diferencias observadas pueden ser debidas a la presencia de agentes secundarios. Observaciones de campo indican que las infecciones por pneumovirus aviar son mas severas cuando se encuentran asociadas con el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle. Se examino el papel del virus lentogenico de la enfermedad de Newcastle en el curso de la enfermedad ocasionada por el pneumovirus aviar. Se infectaron pavitos comerciales de 2 semanas de edad con la cepa Colorado del pneumovirus aviar y 3 dias despues, estos pavitos fueron inoculados con el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle o con E. coli. Se observo un aumento en el indice de morbilidad en infecciones mixtas del pneumovirus aviar con el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle o con E. coli. El mayor indice de morbilidad se observo en pavitos que recibieron el pneumovirus aviar y el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle, presentando inflamacion de los senos infraorbitales. No se observo inflamacion de los senos infraorbitales en los grupos que recibieron unicamente el pneumovirus aviar, el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle o el E. coli. Las infecciones mixtas del pneumovirus aviar y del virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle pueden resultar en signos clinicos y lesiones similares a las observadas en epidemias de pneumovirus aviar en el campo.Abbreviations: APV = avian pneumovirus; CFU = colony-forming units; CPE = cytopathic effect; DPI = days postinoculation; EID50 = 50% embryo infective dose; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HA = hemagglutination; HI = hemagglutination inhibition; IBV = infectious bronchitis virus; Ig = immunoglobulin; i.n. = intranasal; NDV = Newcastle disease virus; OD = optical density; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; RT = reverse transcriptase; TCID50 = 50% tissue culture infective dose; TRT = turkey rhinotracheitis JF - Avian Diseases AU - Turpin, E A AU - Perkins, LEL AU - Swayne, DE AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 412 EP - 422 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - J 02862:Infection KW - V 22142:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18631311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Experimental+Infection+of+Turkeys+with+Avian+Pneumovirus+and+Either+Newcastle+Disease+Virus+or+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Turpin%2C+E+A%3BPerkins%2C+LEL%3BSwayne%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Turpin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280412%3AEIOTWA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0412:EIOTWA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review: Campylobacter jejuni Infection during Pregnancy: Long-Term Consequences of Associated Bacteremia, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, and Reactive Arthritis AN - 18615705; 5532115 AB - Campylobacter jejuni infections are the main cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the United States and other developed countries. Generally, C. jejuni infections are self-limiting and treatment is not necessary; however, infections caused by this organism can lead to potentially dangerous long-term consequences for some individuals. Bacteremia, Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS; an acute flaccid paralytic disease), and reactive arthritis (ReA) are the most serious of the long-term consequences of C. jejuni infections. During pregnancy, foodborne infections may be hazardous to both the woman and the fetus. C. jejuni- induced bacteremia during pregnancy may lead to intrauterine infection of the fetus, abortion, stillbirth, or early neonatal death. Infection of a newborn by the mother during the birth process or shortly after birth may lead to neonatal enteritis, bacteremia, and/or meningitis. C. jejuni enteritis is the inducing antecedent infection in approximately 30% of cases of GBS. Thus, pregnant women infected with C. jejuni may contract GBS. GBS during pregnancy does not affect fetal or infant development and does not increase spontaneous abortion or fetal death; however, it may induce spontaneous delivery during the third trimester in severe cases. Reactive arthritis occurs in approximately 2% of C. jejuni enteritis cases and leads to the impaired movement of various joints. Pregnant women with C. jejuni-induced reactive arthritis can be expected to deliver a normal infant. A pregnant patient with GBS or ReA may be unable to care for a newborn infant because of the physical impairment induced by these diseases. Since C. jejuni infections put both fetuses and pregnant women at risk, pregnant women must take special care in food handling and preparation to prevent such infections. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Smith, J L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 696 EP - 708 VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18615705?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Campylobacter+jejuni+Infection+during+Pregnancy%3A+Long-Term+Consequences+of+Associated+Bacteremia%2C+Guillain-Barre+Syndrome%2C+and+Reactive+Arthritis&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=696&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using simulated emergent vegetation to alter stream flow direction within a straight experimental channel AN - 18563775; 5384919 AB - River restoration programs often use vegetation to enhance the biological functionality, recreational opportunities, and aesthetic beauty of degraded stream corridors. Yet, none has used vegetation for the purpose of inducing a straight channel to meander. A flume-based study was designed to alter the flow pattern within a straight, degraded stream corridor by using simulated emergent vegetation of varying density placed at key locations within the channel. Placement of vegetation zones was determined using an empirical relation for equilibrium meander wavelength based on the imposed flow rate. Surface flow velocities were quantified using particle image velocimetry. The study showed that (i) flow velocity can be markedly reduced within and near the vegetation zones, (ii) flow can be diverted toward the opposite bank, and (iii) vegetation density controlled the magnitude of these effects. JF - Geomorphology AU - Bennett, S J AU - Pirim, T AU - Barkdoll, B D AD - National Sedimentation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, sjbennett@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Apr 01 SP - 115 EP - 126 VL - 44 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - Q2 02261:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18563775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Using+simulated+emergent+vegetation+to+alter+stream+flow+direction+within+a+straight+experimental+channel&rft.au=Bennett%2C+S+J%3BPirim%2C+T%3BBarkdoll%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of raccoons (Procyon lotor) to infection with Mycobacterium bovis AN - 18546603; 5508812 AB - Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis infection is endemic in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern portion of the lower Michigan peninsula (USA). Various wild carnivores and omnivores, including raccoons (Procyon lotor), are infected with M. bovis within the endemic area. To investigate the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in raccoons and the likelihood of M. bovis transmission from infected raccoons to other susceptible hosts, we experimentally inoculated raccoons with single oral doses of M. bovis (ranging from 30 to 1.7 X 10 super(5) colony forming units [CFU]), five daily oral doses of M. bovis (ranging from 10 to 1 X 10 super(5) CFU), or a single intravenous (IV) dose of 1 X 10 super(5) CFU of M. bovis, from November 1998 through December 2000. Granulomatous lesions consistent with tuberculosis, or tissue colonization with M. bovis, were seen in one of five raccoons in the single low oral dose group, one of five raccoons in the multiple low oral dose group, two of five raccoons in the multiple medium oral dose group, five of five raccoons in the multiple high oral dose group, and five of five raccoons in the IV inoculated group. In orally inoculated raccoons, lesions were most common in the tracheobronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes and lung. Excretion of M. bovis in saliva or nasal secretions was noted in all IV inoculated raccoons and two of five multiple low oral dose raccoons. Mycobacterium bovis was not isolated from urine or feces from any experimentally inoculated raccoons. The need for multiple large oral doses to establish infection, and the low number of orally inoculated raccoons that excreted M. bovis in nasal secretions or saliva, suggest that wide-spread tuberculosis among raccoons is unlikely. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Palmer, M V AU - Waters, W R AU - Whipple, D L AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 2300 N. Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA, mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 266 EP - 274 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Raccoon KW - White-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18546603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+raccoons+%28Procyon+lotor%29+to+infection+with+Mycobacterium+bovis&rft.au=Palmer%2C+M+V%3BWaters%2C+W+R%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitric oxide production as an indication of Mycobacterium bovis infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) AN - 18545934; 5508821 AB - White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are reservoirs for Mycobacterium bovis in northeast Michigan, USA. Production of nitric oxide (NO) by activated macrophages is a potent mechanism of mycobacterial killing. The capacity of macrophages to produce NO, however, varies among mammalian species. The objective of this study was to determine if mononuclear cells from white-tailed deer produce nitrite as an indication of NO production and, if so, is NO produced in response to stimulation with M. bovis antigens. Supernatants were harvested from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures that had been stimulated with either Mannheimia haemolytica lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or media alone (i.e., no stimulation). Nitrite levels within M. haemolytica LPS-stimulated culture supernatants exceeded (P < 0.05) those detected within supernatants from non-stimulated cultures as well as those detected within supernatants from cultures receiving an inhibitor of NO synthase in addition to M. haemolytica LPS. In response to stimulation with M. bovis antigens, nitrite production by PBMC from M. bovis-infected deer exceeded (P < 0.05) the production by PBMC from non-infected deer. The response of PBMC from infected deer to M. bovis antigens exceeded (P < 0.05) the response of parallel cultures from the same deer receiving no stimulation. The response of PBMC from M. bovis-infected deer to M. avium antigens did not differ from that of PBMC from M. bovis-infected deer to no stimulation or from that of PBMC from non-infected deer to M. avium antigens. These findings indicate that adherent PBMC from white-tailed deer are capable of NO production and that mononuclear cells isolated from M. bovis-infected white-tailed deer produce NO in an antigen-specific recall response. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Waters, W R AU - Palmer, M V AU - Sacco, R E AU - Whipple, D L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010-0070, USA, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 338 EP - 343 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - White-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18545934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Nitric+oxide+production+as+an+indication+of+Mycobacterium+bovis+infection+in+white-tailed+deer+%28Odocoileus+virginianus%29&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BSacco%2C+R+E%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte subset proliferation and nitric oxide production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of captive elk (Cervus elaphus) AN - 18541209; 5508822 AB - Elk (Cervus elaphus) are reservoirs for Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, each a serious pathogen of domestic livestock. An understanding of the basic immune responsiveness of elk would aid efforts to develop methods to diagnose and prevent these diseases of elk. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from captive elk were examined for phenotype, lymphocyte subset proliferative capacity, and ability to produce nitric oxide (NO) upon pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation. Although gamma delta TCR super(+) cells represented a high percentage of the peripheral blood lymphocyte pool, these cells responded poorly to PWM stimulation. B cells (i.e., sIgM super(+) cells), conversely, were responsive to PWM stimulation. Addition of PWM to PBMC cultures also resulted in a significant production of nitrite, the stable oxidation product of NO. Similar to other ruminant species, the majority of elk peripheral blood sIgM super(+) cells co-expressed MHC class II and B-B4, a B cell lineage marker that varies in expression during B cell development. Findings from the present study provide basic information on several parameters of cellular immunity of elk. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Waters, W R AU - Sacco, R E AU - Fach, S J AU - Palmer, M V AU - Olsen, S C AU - Kreeger, T J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, P.O. Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010-0070, USA, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 344 EP - 351 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Red Deer KW - pokeweed mitogen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18541209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+mitogen-stimulated+lymphocyte+subset+proliferation+and+nitric+oxide+production+by+peripheral+blood+mononuclear+cells+of+captive+elk+%28Cervus+elaphus%29&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BSacco%2C+R+E%3BFach%2C+S+J%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BOlsen%2C+S+C%3BKreeger%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spiders (Araneae) as potential predators of leaf roller larvae and egg masses (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Central Washington apple and pear orchards AN - 18508519; 5468225 AB - Eleven species of arboreal, hunting spiders, common in central Washington apple and pear orchards, were evaluated as potential predators of the tortricid leafrollers, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott and Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), pests in Pacific Northwest orchards. All species fed on leafroller larvae established on apple and pear seedlings or branches during small cage tests. Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch was the most effective predator in these tests, consuming 65% of larvae. C. mildei was also the most effective predator among six species used in tests where leafroller larvae were established on small, caged apple trees. Twelve species of arboreal, hunting spiders were tested as predators of C. rosaceana egg masses. C. mildei was the most effective egg mass predator and 35 of 112 individuals consumed part or all of an egg mass. In addition, Oxyopes scalaris Hentz and Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz) exhibited some feeding on eggs. JF - Pan-Pacific Entomologist AU - Miliczky, E R AU - Calkins, C O AD - Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture--Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, Washington 98951, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 140 EP - 150 PB - Pacific Coast Entomological Society VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 0031-0603, 0031-0603 KW - Araneae KW - Leaf rollers KW - Lepidoptera KW - Spiders KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18508519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Spiders+%28Araneae%29+as+potential+predators+of+leaf+roller+larvae+and+egg+masses+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+in+Central+Washington+apple+and+pear+orchards&rft.au=Miliczky%2C+E+R%3BCalkins%2C+C+O&rft.aulast=Miliczky&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pan-Pacific+Entomologist&rft.issn=00310603&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does the presence of Wyethia mollis affect growth of Pinus jeffreyi seedlings? AN - 18456813; 5420188 AB - Regeneration of Pinus jeffreyi in the Sierra Nevada is often limited on sites dominated by Wyethia mollis. Allelopathic chemicals and competition for soil moisture have been suggested as possible mechanisms for limiting regeneration. We tested the hypothesis that soil chemical and microbial properties from sites in different stages of succession influence seedling growth of Pinus jeffreyi. Soil was collected from an early-seral site dominated by Wyethia mollis, a mid-seral site dominated by the shrubs Arctostaphylos patula, Ceanothus prostratus, C. velutinus, and Purshia tridentata, and a late-seral site dominated by mature Pinus. These sites were compared for nutrient content, Pinus seedling growth capacity, and microbial population size. Soil (0-33 cm) from the early-seral site had the lowest C, microbial biomass, and fungal and bacterial populations. There were no consistent trends in soil nutrient content among sites. The early-seral site had the lowest soil Ca and Mg contents but also had a lower C/N ratio and more than twofold greater P content than either the mid- or late-seral site. Pinus seedling growth and foliar nutrient concentrations were compared at 3 harvest dates (220, 314, and 417 days after germination) in a greenhouse bioassay. The treatment design was a 3 x 2 factorial with soil from each of the 3 sites either with or without Pinus seedlings. Pots without seedlings were used as controls to assess the effects of seedlings on microbial biomass. Seedling growth in the early-seral soil was initially suppressed in comparison to growth in the mid-seral soil, but by the final harvest total seedling weight was similar between these 2 treatments. The most obvious treatment effect was a reduction in growth for seedlings planted in late-seral soil, probably due to a nutrient imbalance in the soil. Seedlings grown in late-seral soil had Fe and Al levels that were nearly twice those of seedlings grown in early- and mid-seral soils. Microbial biomass followed a temporal pattern similar to that found for seedling growth. Differences in microbial biomass between the early- and mid-seral soils, although initially large, were not detected by the final harvest. We interpret these results to indicate that allelopathy or soil nutrient deficiencies resulting from the presence of Wyethia are unlikely to be responsible for limited growth of Pinus seedlings in Wyethia-dominated stands. JF - Western North American Naturalist AU - Riegel, G M AU - Svejcar, T J AU - Busse, MD AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Area Ecology Program, 1645 NE Highway 20, Bend, OR 97701, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 141 EP - 150 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 1527-0904, 1527-0904 KW - Jeffrey PIne KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18456813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Does+the+presence+of+Wyethia+mollis+affect+growth+of+Pinus+jeffreyi+seedlings%3F&rft.au=Riegel%2C+G+M%3BSvejcar%2C+T+J%3BBusse%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Riegel&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.issn=15270904&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acetic acid production by Dekkera/Brettanomyces yeasts AN - 18423061; 5398130 AB - Yeast belonging to the genera Brettanomyces and Dekkera are noted for spoiling cellar and bottled wine through the production of haze, turbidity and acetic acid. However, I was unable to find information on the use of these yeasts for the expressed purpose of acetic acid production. Sixty yeast strains belonging to these, and several other genera, from the ARS Culture Collection, Peoria, IL, were screened for their ability to produce both ethanol and/or acetic acid. For ethanol production, the strains were grown anaerobically at 24 and 30 degree C in batch culture using glucose (100 g/l) as the carbon/energy source. For acetic acid production, the strains were grown aerobically in batch culture using either glucose (100 g/l) or ethanol (35 g/l) as the carbon/energy source. In the initial ethanol production screen, 19 strains produced at least 45 g ethanol/l. In the initial acetic acid screen, 28 of the yeast strains produced at least 5 g acetic acid/l from 100 g glucose/l, while 23 strains produced at least 5 g acetic acid/l from 35 g ethanol/l. JF - World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Freer, S N AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, freersn@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 271 EP - 275 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0959-3993, 0959-3993 KW - acetic acid KW - ethanol KW - glucose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18423061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Acetic+acid+production+by+Dekkera%2FBrettanomyces+yeasts&rft.au=Freer%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Freer&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09593993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does the availability of artificial cavities affect cavity excavation rates in Red-cockaded Woodpeckers? AN - 18414571; 5401006 AB - Rates of cavity excavation by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) were examined from 1983 to 1999 on the Angelina National Forest in east Texas. We compared the rate of natural cavity excavation between 1983 and 1990 (before artificial cavities were available) with the rate of cavity excavation between 1992 and 1999, a period when artificial cavities were regularly installed within active woodpecker cavity-tree clusters. Our comparison was restricted to cavity-tree clusters in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and loblolly (P. taeda)-shortleaf (P. echinata) pine habitats where woodpecker groups were present for the entire period between 1983 and 1999. Excavation rate of new cavities was significantly higher in longleaf pine habitat when artificial cavities were not available than during the subsequent period when artificial cavities were provided in all active cavity-tree clusters. In loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat, we did not detect a significant difference in the rate of new cavity excavation between the periods before and after the use of artificial cavities. We attribute the difference in results between habitats to a relative scarcity of cavities in loblolly-shortleaf pine sites due to a higher bark beetle-induced cavity tree mortality. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Conner, R N AU - Saenz, D AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Schaefer, R R AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Laboratory, Southern Research Station, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, Texas 75962 USA, c_connerrn@titan.sfasu.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 125 EP - 129 PB - Association of Field Ornithologists VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Pines KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18414571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Does+the+availability+of+artificial+cavities+affect+cavity+excavation+rates+in+Red-cockaded+Woodpeckers%3F&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BSaenz%2C+D%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0273-8570%282002%29073%280125%3ADTAOAC%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0273-8570&volume=73&page=125 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0273-8570(2002)073(0125:DTAOAC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-farm evaluation of Beauveria bassiana for control of Ostrinia nubilalis in Iowa, USA AN - 18411720; 5397498 AB - Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a severe pest of corn in the major corn growing areas of the United States. The efficacy of a Beauveria bassiana application, for season-long suppression of O. nubilalis was evaluated in 1996 and 1997 at locations across Iowa. Beauveria bassiana, Mycotech 726 (Mycotech Corporation, Butte, MT) formulated on corn grit granules (14-20 mesh) at 2.2 x 10 super(9) conidia/g and applied with a hand-held applicator at the rate of 0.4 g/plant (8.8 x 10 super(8) conidia/plant). Applications were made when plants were in the V7 or R1 growth stage. The length of larval tunneling, percentage of plants not infested with O. nubilalis, percentage of plants with an endophyte, and yield from treated and control plots were determined. Whorl-stage application of B. bassiana in 1996 resulted in a significant reduction in centimeters of tunneling (46-55%) and the percentage plants not infested by O. nubilalis. In 1997, B. bassiana caused significant reductions in larval tunneling at all locations (20-53%); however, a significant increase in the percentage of plants not infested with O. nubilalis occurred at only one location. Treatment of plants with B. bassiana in 1997 did not significantly increase the percentage of plants with an endophyte; however, the trend, with the exception of one site, was for a greater percentage of endophytic plants in treated versus untreated plots. A whorl-stage application of a granular formulation of B. bassiana was most efficacious in reducing O. nubilalis larval damage. JF - BioControl AU - Lewis, L C AU - Bruck, D J AU - Gunnarson, R D AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory, c/o Insectary Building, Ames, Iowa, USA, leslewis@iastate.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 167 EP - 176 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 1386-6141, 1386-6141 KW - European corn borer KW - Lepidoptera KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01030:General KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18411720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioControl&rft.atitle=On-farm+evaluation+of+Beauveria+bassiana+for+control+of+Ostrinia+nubilalis+in+Iowa%2C+USA&rft.au=Lewis%2C+L+C%3BBruck%2C+D+J%3BGunnarson%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioControl&rft.issn=13866141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with foliar disease of staked fresh market tomatoes grown under differing bed strategies AN - 18403545; 5388886 AB - The use of mulch or compost to reduce foliar disease in fresh market tomato could reduce fungicide use. Between 1997 and 1999, foliar disease was monitored in tomatoes grown in beds with bare soil, black polyethylene, composted dairy manure, or hairy vetch. Early blight was reduced in plots with vetch compared with bare soil or compost in all years and compared with polyethylene cover in 1 year. Early blight was reduced in plots with polyethylene versus compost and bare soil in 1 and 2 years, respectively. Septoria leaf spot was reduced in plots with vetch versus other bed strategies in 1998 and bare soil or compost in 1999. This disease was reduced in plots with polyethylene versus bare soil or compost in 1998 and 1999. Soil coverage of tomato leaflets and soil particle dispersal were reduced in plots with polyethylene or vetch versus bare soil or compost in both years that these variables were assessed. Sensor wetness duration was reduced in plots with polyethylene or vetch versus bare soil or compost in one of two years. These findings suggest that foliar disease reduction in mulch was associated with reduced splash dispersal and, in one year, reduced leaf wetness. JF - Plant Disease AU - Mills, D J AU - Coffman, C B AU - Teasdale, J R AU - Everts, K L AU - Anderson, J D AD - Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, Henry A. Wallace-Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ccoffman@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 356 EP - 361 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - polyethylene KW - tomato KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18403545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+foliar+disease+of+staked+fresh+market+tomatoes+grown+under+differing+bed+strategies&rft.au=Mills%2C+D+J%3BCoffman%2C+C+B%3BTeasdale%2C+J+R%3BEverts%2C+K+L%3BAnderson%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canopy arthropod assemblages along a precipitation and latitudinal gradient among Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii forests in the Pacific Northwest of the United States AN - 18400785; 5386906 AB - Insects are particularly sensitive to environmental conditions and can serve as responsive indicators of changing climatic patterns and habitat conditions. However, changes in patterns of abundance over environmental gradients in forest ecosystems are poorly known. To examine landscape patterns of invertebrate assemblages, arboreal arthropods were collected during two seasons (spring and summer) by bagging branches from the lower, middle and upper canopy levels from six stands in nine second-growth (100-150 yr old) forests and old-growth (500 yr old) forests in Washington and Oregon. Detrended correspondence analysis and multi-response permutation procedure showed that the composition of the canopy assemblages varied significantly with latitude, precipitation and tree age. Indicator analysis was used to assess each taxon's importance in response to the environmental variables. Individual taxa showed associations with latitudinal and precipitation gradients, and between old-growth and mature Douglas-fir. These effects may be used to anticipate the impacts of climate change or land use scenarios on the spatial patterns of forest invertebrate assemblages. JF - Ecography AU - Progar, R A AU - Schowalter, T D AD - Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, Boise Field Office, 1249 S. Vinnell Way, Suite 200, Boise, ID 83709, USA, rprogar@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 129 EP - 138 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0906-7590, 0906-7590 KW - Douglas-fir KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18400785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecography&rft.atitle=Canopy+arthropod+assemblages+along+a+precipitation+and+latitudinal+gradient+among+Douglas-fir+Pseudotsuga+menziesii+forests+in+the+Pacific+Northwest+of+the+United+States&rft.au=Progar%2C+R+A%3BSchowalter%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Progar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecography&rft.issn=09067590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions Among the Aphid Diuraphis noxia, the Entomopathogenic Fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and the Coccinellid Hippodamia convergens AN - 18399944; 5388092 AB - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith is under development as a mycoinsecticide for control of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov. Interactions with other natural enemies within the agro-ecosystem, such as the coccinellid Hippodamia convergens Guerin, require evaluation before its potential can be realized. In laboratory bioassays H. convergens adults were sprayed with suspensions of P. fumosoroseus conidia at different concentrations (including potential field rates) and mortality assessed. Although a proportion of coccinellids succumbed to infection (the greatest proportion was 22% when the ladybirds had suffered stress) it is unlikely that they would be at risk from infection as a direct result of a spray application unless there were prolonged periods of high humidity or the coccinellids were stressed. When provided with uninfected or P. fumosoroseus-infected D. noxia cadavers as prey, coccinellids consumed more uninfected aphids. The predators never consumed aphid cadavers from which the fungus was erupting or sporulating. Hippodamia convergens is, therefore, unlikely to be a significant intraguild predator of P. fumosoroseus. Predators contaminated with conidia of P. fumosoroseus using different methods (sprayed coccinellids, coccinellids foraging on sprayed aphids, and those foraging in the presence of sporulating D. noxia cadavers) were able to transfer conidia to healthy D. noxia populations and initiate infection in a proportion of those aphids. The proportion of aphids becoming infected was greatest when the coccinellids became contaminated when foraging amongst sporulating cadavers. Some coccinellids also succumbed to infection under these conditions. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Pell, J K AU - Vandenberg, J D AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, judith.pell@bbsrc.ac.uk Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 217 EP - 224 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Aphids KW - Coleoptera KW - Homoptera KW - Ladybird beetles KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18399944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Interactions+Among+the+Aphid+Diuraphis+noxia%2C+the+Entomopathogenic+Fungus+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+and+the+Coccinellid+Hippodamia+convergens&rft.au=Pell%2C+J+K%3BVandenberg%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Pell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09583150120124478 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583150120124478 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interacting elevated CO sub(2) and tropospheric O sub(3) predisposes aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) to infection by rust (Melampsora medusae f. sp. tremuloidae ) AN - 18392677; 5380769 AB - We investigated the interaction of elevated CO sub(2) and/or (Ozone) O sub(3) on the occurrence and severity of aspen leaf rust (Melampsora medusae Thuem. f. sp. tremuloidae ) on trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Furthermore, we examined the role of changes in leaf surface properties induced by elevated CO sub(2) and/or O sub(3) in this host-pathogen interaction. Three- to five-fold increases in levels of rust infection index were found in 2 consecutive years following growing-season-long exposures with either O sub(3) alone or CO sub(2) + O sub(3) depending on aspen clone. Examination of leaf surface properties (wax appearance, wax amount, wax chemical composition, leaf surface and wettability) suggested significant effects by O sub(3) and CO sub(2) + O sub(3) . We conclude that elevated O sub(3) is altering aspen leaf surfaces in such a way that it is likely predisposing the plants to increased infection by aspen leaf rust. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Karnosky, D F AU - Percy, KE AU - Xiang, B AU - Callan, B AU - Noormets, A AU - Mankovska, B AU - Hopkin, A AU - Sober, J AU - Jones, W AU - Dickson, R E AU - Isebrands, J G AD - Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931 USA, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Atlantic Forestry Centre, PO Box 4000, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada, Forest Research Institute, T.G. Masarykova Street 2195, 960 92 Zvolen, Slovakia, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 5M7, Canada, **USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, Wisconsin 54501 USA, Karnosky@mtu.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 329 EP - 338 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Quaking aspen KW - infection KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18392677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Interacting+elevated+CO+sub%282%29+and+tropospheric+O+sub%283%29+predisposes+aspen+%28Populus+tremuloides+Michx.%29+to+infection+by+rust+%28Melampsora+medusae+f.+sp.+tremuloidae+%29&rft.au=Karnosky%2C+D+F%3BPercy%2C+KE%3BXiang%2C+B%3BCallan%2C+B%3BNoormets%2C+A%3BMankovska%2C+B%3BHopkin%2C+A%3BSober%2C+J%3BJones%2C+W%3BDickson%2C+R+E%3BIsebrands%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Karnosky&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1354-1013.2002.00479.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00479.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a partial duplication of the aflatoxin gene cluster in Aspergillus parasiticus ATCC 56775 AN - 18379041; 5358551 AB - A partial duplication of the complete aflatoxin gene cluster containing homologues of aflR-aflJ-adhA-estA-norA-ver1and omtB was identified from Aspergillus parasiticus ATCC 56775. The genes, verA-avnA-verB-avfA, between ver1 and omtB in the complete gene cluster, however, were not found. One-hybrid assays showed that the duplicated aflRgene (aflR2) encoded a protein that could activate transcription just as that encoded by aflR1,the aflR gene in the complete gene cluster. Two-hybrid assays showed that AFLR2 also interacted with a putative coactivator, AFLJ1, at comparable levels to AFLR1. Deletion of aflR1 resulted in the loss of production of aflatoxin precursors, which suggested that aflR2could not completely replace the function of aflR1. Point mutations found in adhA2, pre-termination in ver1B and norA2,and a large deletion in omtB2 probably render these duplicated genes to become nonfunctional. A close examination of the history of isolates reported to have a partial duplication suggested that duplication of the aflatoxin cluster is not a prevalent event. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Chang, P K AU - Yu, J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA, pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 632 EP - 636 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00253/bibs/2058 005/20580632.htm] VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - aflR gene KW - aflR1 gene KW - aflR2 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18379041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+partial+duplication+of+the+aflatoxin+gene+cluster+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus+ATCC+56775&rft.au=Chang%2C+P+K%3BYu%2C+J&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=632&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-002-0945-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-0945-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genome Scale Comparison of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium Reveals Potential Diagnostic Sequences AN - 18371065; 5348848 AB - The genetic similarity between Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and other mycobacterial species has confounded the development of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific diagnostic reagents. Random shotgun sequencing of the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome in our laboratories has shown >98% sequence identity with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in some regions. However, an in silico comparison of the largest annotated M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis contigs, totaling 2,658,271 bp, with the unfinished M. avium subsp. avium genome has revealed 27 predicted M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis coding sequences that do not align with M. avium subsp. avium sequences. BLASTP analysis of the 27 predicted coding sequences (genes) shows that 24 do not match sequences in public sequence databases, such as GenBank. These novel sequences were examined by PCR amplification with genomic DNA from eight mycobacterial species and Ten independent isolates of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. From these analyses, 21 genes were found to be present in all M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates and absent from all other mycobacterial species tested. One region of the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome contains a cluster of eight genes, arranged in tandem, that is absent in other mycobacterial species. This region spans 4.4 kb and is separated from other predicted coding regions by 1,408 bp upstream and 1,092 bp downstream. The gene upstream of this eight-gene cluster has strong similarity to mycobacteriophage integrase sequences. The GC content of this 4.4-kb region is 66%, which is similar to the rest of the genome, indicating that this region was not horizontally acquired recently. Southern hybridization analysis confirmed that this gene cluster is present only in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Collectively, these studies suggest that a genomics approach will help in identifying novel M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genes as candidate diagnostic sequences. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Bannantine, J P AU - Baechler, E AU - Zhang, Q AU - Li, L AU - Kapur, V AD - National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, 2300 North Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010., jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 1303 EP - 1310 VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18371065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genome+Scale+Comparison+of+Mycobacterium+avium+subsp.+paratuberculosis+with+Mycobacterium+avium+subsp.+avium+Reveals+Potential+Diagnostic+Sequences&rft.au=Bannantine%2C+J+P%3BBaechler%2C+E%3BZhang%2C+Q%3BLi%2C+L%3BKapur%2C+V&rft.aulast=Bannantine&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.4.1303-1310.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.4.1303-1310.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of Aspergillus section Flavi among field soils from the four agroecological zones of the republic of Benin, West Africa AN - 18341463; 5388465 AB - Certain members of Aspergillus section Flavi produce carcinogenic and immunotoxic metabolites called aflatoxins. These fungi perennate in soils and infect maize grain in the field and in storage. The distribution of Aspergillus section Flavi across the four different agroecologies of Benin Republic was determined. The four agroecological zones range from humid equatorial tropics in the south to the dry savanna near the Sahara desert in the north. Soil samples collected in 1994 to 1996 from 44 different maize fields in Benin were assayed over 3 years (88 samples total) for fungi in Aspergillus section Flavi. All soils tested contained A. flavus. Isolates (1,454 total) were collected by dilution plate from the soils and existed in populations ranging from 200 CFU/g of soil. CFU counts did not differ from year to year or change significantly with cropping systems within a zone, but differed significantly among zones. Incidence of A. flavus strain isolations varied from south to north, with greater number of CFU of L strain isolates in southern latitudes and higher numbers of CFU of S strain isolates found in the north. The L strain isolates occurred in 81 of 88 samples, whereas S strain isolates were in only 41 of 88 soil samples. Of 96 L strain isolates tested, 44% produced aflatoxins. Only B toxins were produced, and toxigenic isolates averaged over 100 mu g of aflatoxin B sub(1) per 70 ml of fermentation medium ( approximately 1.4 ppm). All S strain isolates produced both B and G aflatoxins, averaging over 557 mu g of aflatoxin B sub(1) per 70 ml (8 ppm) and 197 mu g of aflatoxin G sub(1) per 70 ml of fermentation medium (2.8 ppm). A. parasiticus and A. tamarii were present in less than 10% of the fields and were not associated with any particular agroecological zone. JF - Plant Disease AU - Cardwell, K F AU - Cotty, P J AD - International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, B.P. 08-0932, Cotonou, Benin, and U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, SRRC, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA, Kcardwell@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 434 EP - 439 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Soil KW - Geographical distribution KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Benin KW - Aflatoxins KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18341463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+Aspergillus+section+Flavi+among+field+soils+from+the+four+agroecological+zones+of+the+republic+of+Benin%2C+West+Africa&rft.au=Cardwell%2C+K+F%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Benin; Soil; Geographical distribution; Aflatoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geo-referenced spatiotemporal analysis of the urban citrus canker epidemic in Florida AN - 18341140; 5388566 AB - Five areas in urban Miami were identified to study the spread of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri to determine if the practice of removing exposed citrus trees within 38.1 m of trees affected by citrus canker was adequate to curtail further bacterial spread. To accomplish this, 18,769 trees in dooryards were surveyed, geo-referenced by differential global positioning systems (GPS), and assayed for disease severity, age of infection, citrus cultivar, location of infection in tree, and canopy size. For each tree, the date the tree became infected was estimated and used to separate trees into contiguous 30-day categories. For each area studied, distance measurements between focal trees and newly infected trees were calculated for various temporal periods of 30, 60, 90, and 120 days in duration, corresponding to intervals of inspection survey. A visual basic application was used to calculate the distances between each newly diseased tree and all prior focal trees. The nearest distance was used because it was considered the most conservative estimate possible. It is therefore likely to be an underestimate of spread but is a good estimate of the minimum possible distances of spread. For the first four 30-day periods among the five study areas, calculated maximum distances of spread ranged from 12 to 3,474 m, indicating a broad continuum of distance for bacterial spread was possible. Disease increased during the first two-thirds of the time studied and reached an asymptote due to dry conditions in the final one-third of the duration of the study. Cross correlation analysis indicated that disease was best visualized 107 days following rainstorms with wind. Analysis of regional spatial point patterns was performed temporally for each 30-day period via a modified Ripley's K-function. Spatiotemporal analyses between periods over areas larger than previously examined were accomplished via spatiotemporal semivariogram analysis. These methods in combination demonstrated rapid increases in range of spatial dependency and range of spatiotemporal dependency for all study sites. This corresponded to rapid spread of disease across the regions studied in response to rainstorms with wind followed by a 'filling in' of disease on remaining noninfected susceptible trees through time by less intense rain events. A stochastic quadratization technique demonstrated that disease incidence and disease severity were not greatly affected by urban host density but were positively correlated to host susceptibility within local 0.25-km super(2) quadrats. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gottwald, T R AU - Sun, X AU - Riley, T AU - Graham, J H AU - Ferrandino, F AU - Taylor, EL AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ft. Pierce, FL 34945, USA, tgottwald@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 361 EP - 377 VL - 92 IS - 4 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Canker KW - Disease spread KW - Plant diseases KW - Spatial distribution KW - USA, Florida KW - Temporal variations KW - Disease resistance KW - Xanthomonas axonopodis KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18341140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Geo-referenced+spatiotemporal+analysis+of+the+urban+citrus+canker+epidemic+in+Florida&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R%3BSun%2C+X%3BRiley%2C+T%3BGraham%2C+J+H%3BFerrandino%2C+F%3BTaylor%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xanthomonas axonopodis; USA, Florida; Plant diseases; Canker; Disease spread; Temporal variations; Spatial distribution; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting germination of Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis teliospores from yellow starthistle AN - 18337361; 5388564 AB - The rust fungus Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis is a candidate for biological control of yellow starthistle (YST). Part of the risk assessment includes determining if safflower seedlings are susceptible to infection by teliospores of P. jaceae. A protocol for germination of P. jaceae teliospores is needed to verify that teliospores used in comparative studies are viable. The protocol developed from this research has two steps: first, priming teliospores on water agar at 4 degree C in the dark, and second, incubating them at warmer temperatures for 1 week in the presence of an exogenous stimulator. Priming longer than 4 weeks resulted in significantly greater germination than priming for shorter periods. Sources of effective stimulator included seeds and seedlings of YST or safflower. The greatest germination occurred during incubation at 18 degree C in the dark. Teliospore germination was reduced after incubation with a 12- or 14-h photoperiod. A low percentage (<20%) of teliospores of two isolates germinated after 44 and 96 weeks of dry storage at room temperature; samples of each isolate tested after that did not germinate. Data indicate teliospores of several isolates of P. jaceae are viable, and the protocol will be used to prepare teliospores of P. jaceae for comparative studies with P. carthami on safflower seedlings. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bruckart, W L AU - Eskandari, F AD - US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, USA, wbruckart@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 355 EP - 360 VL - 92 IS - 4 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Germination KW - Puccinia jaceae KW - Teliospores KW - A 01030:General KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18337361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+germination+of+Puccinia+jaceae+var.+solstitialis+teliospores+from+yellow+starthistle&rft.au=Bruckart%2C+W+L%3BEskandari%2C+F&rft.aulast=Bruckart&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia jaceae; Teliospores; Germination; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predator Abundance in Alfalfa Fields in Relation to Aphids, Within-Field Vegetation, and Landscape Matrix AN - 18315349; 5363437 AB - We used multiple regression modeling to investigate the numerical response by the predatory insects Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, H. parenthesis (Say), and C. septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Chrysoaperla plorabunda (Fitch) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and Nabis americoferus Carayon (Hemiptera: Nabidae) to aphids during 5 yr in three geographically separated alfalfa fields in eastern South Dakota. Regression models for abundance of adults of all species were significant. Regression models for immature H. convergens, H. parenthesis, and C. septempunctata were significant, but regression models for immature C. plorabunda and N. americoferus were not significant. Regression parameters differed among the three fields for most predator species, indicating that the numerical response was dependent on geographical location. To obtain insight into why the numerical response by predators differed among fields we determined how the abundance of predators in alfalfa fields was influenced by the landscape surrounding a field and the vegetation in it. Variables describing the complexity of the landscape surrounding alfalfa fields and the plant community in the fields entered into regression models for predator abundance and explained a greater proportion of the variance in predator abundance than aphid abundance did. We conclude that the structure of the landscape matrix plays an important role in determining the abundance of aphid predators in alfalfa fields, as does the plant community in a field. These effects can sometimes overshadow the direct numerical response by predators to aphids. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Elliott, N C AU - Kieckhefer, R W AU - Michels, GJ Jr AU - Giles, K L AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Science Research Laboratory, 1301 N. Western Street, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA, nelliott@pswcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 253 EP - 260 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Ladybird beetles KW - Green lacewings KW - Damsel bugs KW - Aphids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Nabidae KW - Landscape KW - Abundance KW - Aphididae KW - Predators KW - Crops KW - Chrysopidae KW - Coccinellidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18315349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Predator+Abundance+in+Alfalfa+Fields+in+Relation+to+Aphids%2C+Within-Field+Vegetation%2C+and+Landscape+Matrix&rft.au=Elliott%2C+N+C%3BKieckhefer%2C+R+W%3BMichels%2C+GJ+Jr%3BGiles%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coccinellidae; Chrysopidae; Nabidae; Aphididae; Predators; Abundance; Crops; Landscape ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Habitat Depth on Host Location by Five Species of Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae, Chalcididae) of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Three Types of Substrates AN - 18314790; 5364484 AB - Four species of pteromalid parasitoids [Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia endius Walker, Spalangia gemina Boucek, and the chalcidid Dirhinus himalayanus (Masi)] were evaluated for their ability to locate house fly pupae at various depths in poultry manure (41% moisture), fly rearing medium (43% moisture), and sandy soil (4% moisture) from a dairy farm. Searching activity in manure was largely confined to the surface (M. raptor, D. himalayanus, and S. gemina) or to depths of up to 2 cm below the surface (S. endius, S. cameroni). S. cameroni was the most effective species at locating buried pupae in manure. All of the species searched over a wider range of habitat depths in fly rearing medium, although M. raptor and S. gemina tended to concentrate their searching activity relatively close to the surface of the substrate. Host attacks by these species at 6 cm were 30-40% lower than on the surface of the medium. S. endius searched uniformly at all depths in rearing medium and S. cameroni had highest rates of host attacks 1-2 cm below the surface of this substrate. The parasitoids displayed considerable fidelity to their search patterns regardless of whether or not they were given a choice of habitat depths in which they could find pupae. None of the parasitoids were effective at attacking fly pupae that were buried in sandy soil at any depth. The results suggest that fly larvae that pupate in the sandy soils typical of Florida's coastal plains are relatively impervious to attack by pupal parasitoids. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Geden, C J AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA, cgeden@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 411 EP - 417 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Chalcidid wasps KW - Face flies KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Habitat preferences KW - Muscidae KW - Parasitoids KW - Chalcididae KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18314790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Habitat+Depth+on+Host+Location+by+Five+Species+of+Parasitoids+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Pteromalidae%2C+Chalcididae%29+of+House+Flies+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29+in+Three+Types+of+Substrates&rft.au=Geden%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Geden&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chalcididae; Muscidae; Habitat preferences; Parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions Among Two Species of Eretmocerus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Two Species of Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), and Tomato AN - 18313687; 5364471 AB - Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the influence of two tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Miller) varieties ('Trust' and 'Floridade') on the biology of two whitefly species, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), and the interactions of host plant and whiteflies on the biology and parasitization of two parasitoid species, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich (native) and Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (exotic). Natural mortality, developmental time, and fecundity of B. argentifolii were not significantly different from those of T. vaporariorum on either tomato variety. The two species of Eretmocerus responded differently to the whitefly hosts. Eretmocerus mundus developed significantly faster, produced more progeny, and had greater parasitism and rate of emergence in B. argentifolii than in T. vaporariorum. Eretmocerus eremicus performed similarly on both whitefly species except that its females deposited more eggs in B. argentifolii than in T. vaporariorum nymphs. Females of both parasitoid species emerging from T. vaporariorum were significantly larger than those emerged from B. argentifolii. Tomato variety had no significant effect on the two parasitoid species. Eretmocerus eremicus attack both whiteflies efficiently and it can be used as a single species for whitefly management. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Greenberg, S M AU - Jones, WA AU - Liu, T-X AD - Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, ARS-USDA, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, sgreenberg@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 397 EP - 402 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Homoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - tomato KW - Greenhouse white fly KW - Whiteflies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Parasitism KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Aphelinidae KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Eretmocerus eremicus KW - Control programs KW - Tri-trophic interactions KW - Host plants KW - Eretmocerus mundus KW - Trialeurodes vaporariorum KW - Reproduction KW - Emergence KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18313687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Interactions+Among+Two+Species+of+Eretmocerus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphelinidae%29%2C+Two+Species+of+Whiteflies+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29%2C+and+Tomato&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+S+M%3BJones%2C+WA%3BLiu%2C+T-X&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; Bemisia argentifolii; Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Eretmocerus eremicus; Eretmocerus mundus; Aleyrodidae; Aphelinidae; Host-parasite interactions; Tri-trophic interactions; Emergence; Reproduction; Control programs; Host plants; Parasitism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated Pest Management for Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Blueberry AN - 18313539; 5364462 AB - The ecology and control for the little-understood, blueberry bud-infesting gall midge Dasincura oxycoccana (Johnson) was studied to help reduce an estimated 20-80% blueberry crop loss due to this insect in the southern United States. Principal natural enemies were eulophid wasps, 85% of which were Aprostocetus (Perkins). Overall parasitism rate was 7% in the field, at times peaking around 34%. A 75% decline in the abundance of larval D. oxycoccana coincided with parasitoid activity between April to September. Larval Toxomerus geminatus (Say) Metz (Syrphidae) were early-season predators of immature D. oxycoccana. Prey handling took 3-10 min, with each predator eating approximately seven gall midge larvae in a 16-h period. Prebloom applications of malathion would be effective larvicides against D. oxycoccana, inducing 94% mortality in 24 h. A microbial-based alternative to malathion, spinosad, induced average mortality of 46% in 24 h. Spinosad was as effective as phosmet (50% mortality in 24 h) for D. oxycoccana control. Patterns of host plant resistance to D. oxycoccana were not obvious among 26 cultivars, accessions and species of Vaccinium. Additionally, the use of a dormancy-breaking compound, hydrogen cyanamide, could also have a deleterious side effect: boosting gall midge populations and spurring 50% greater infestation of D. oxycoccana larvae in rabbiteye blueberry buds. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Sampson, B J AU - Stringer, S J AU - Spiers, J M AD - Small Fruit Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA, bsampson@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 339 EP - 347 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Gall midges KW - Gall gnats KW - Blueberries KW - Cranberries KW - Eulophid wasps KW - Eulophids KW - Syrphid flies KW - Hover flies KW - phosmet KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Predators KW - Vaccinium KW - Malathion KW - Eulophidae KW - Pesticide applications KW - Aprostocetus KW - Toxomerus geminatus KW - Syrphidae KW - Cecidomyiidae KW - Dasineura oxycoccana KW - Integrated control KW - Parasitoids KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18313539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Integrated+Pest+Management+for+Dasineura+oxycoccana+%28Diptera%3A+Cecidomyiidae%29+in+Blueberry&rft.au=Sampson%2C+B+J%3BStringer%2C+S+J%3BSpiers%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Sampson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cecidomyiidae; Dasineura oxycoccana; Aprostocetus; Vaccinium; Toxomerus geminatus; Eulophidae; Syrphidae; Integrated control; Malathion; Pesticide applications; Predators; Parasitoids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Forest Management Practices on the Federally Endangered Running Buffalo Clover (Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex. A. Eaton) AN - 18313486; 5368786 AB - Running buffalo clover (Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex. A. Eaton), a federally endangered plant species, often occurs in habitats affected by periodic disturbance such as mowing or grazing. At the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, USA, it is most often associated with skid roads where uneven-aged silvicultural techniques are being tested. We monitored running buffalo clover population trends for seven years in two research compartments before and after scheduled silvicultural operations. Stem density (stems/m super(2)) was declining in both compartments prior to planned silvicultural operations, and ground-based skidding caused a further reduction in the number of running buffalo clover locations and stems. Running buffalo clover began to increase in density two years after the logging. Running buffalo clover excluded from ground disturbance increased in the second growing season following tree removal, but had declined by the third season. Running buffalo clover subjected to ground disturbance continued to increase in density during the third growing season. Canopy gaps, leaf area index, associated plants, and abiotic factors were compared between 35 sites supporting running buffalo clover and an equal number of randomly chosen sites in a third research compartment that had not been disturbed by silvicultural operations for 15 years. Running buffalo clover sites had greater gap areas and lower leaf area indexes than average for the whole compartment. Several herbaceous species, including Panicum L. spp., Eupatorium rugosum Houttuyn, and Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern., were found more frequently at sites supporting running buffalo clover than would be predicted by chance. Preliminary results indicate that controlling the intensity of surface disturbance, combined with the reduction in canopy density associated with uneven-aged silviculture, will help sustain populations of running buffalo clover in managed forests. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Madarish, D AU - Schuler, T M AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, P.O. Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA, tschuler@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 120 EP - 128 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Running buffalo clover KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Silviculture KW - Forest management KW - Population changes KW - Endangered species KW - Trifolium stoloniferum KW - USA, West Virginia KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18313486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Forest+Management+Practices+on+the+Federally+Endangered+Running+Buffalo+Clover+%28Trifolium+stoloniferum+Muhl.+ex.+A.+Eaton%29&rft.au=Madarish%2C+D%3BSchuler%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Madarish&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trifolium stoloniferum; USA, West Virginia; Endangered species; Forest management; Population changes; Silviculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Successional Dynamics and Restoration Implications of a Montane Coniferous Forest in the Central Appalachians, USA AN - 18313464; 5368783 AB - Central Appalachian montane red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) communities have been greatly reduced in extent and functional quality over the past century. This community decline has put several plant and animal species, such as the endangered Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus Shaw), at risk from habitat loss, and has resulted in the elimination of these forests as a commercially important type. Where feasible, red spruce restoration efforts may help mitigate these regional trends and provide valuable lessons for community restoration efforts elsewhere. In a pilot study designed to better understand second-growth spruce structure, we inventoried trees and downed coarse woody debris in an isolated montane red spruce forest in West Virginia, USA. We quantified stand characteristics and compared them to structural characteristics of old-growth forest communities of similar composition. At this relict forest, stand initiation occurred in the early 1920s following a period of watershed-wide timber harvesting. Live tree basal area greater than or equal to 10 cm dbh (44.5 m super(2) ha super(-1)), snag density greater than or equal to 10 cm dbh (256 ha super(-1)), and total fallen log volume (86.2 m super(3) ha super(-1)) were similar to old-growth attributes. However, snag basal area greater than or equal to 10 cm dbh (4.6 m super(2) ha super(-1)), height of dominant and co-dominant red spruce (24.7 m), and maximum red spruce dbh (48.0 cm) were significantly less than would be expected in old-growth forests of similar composition. Red spruce comprised > 40% of dominant crown class trees and often was a main canopy emergent. However, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) had the highest relative importance value (51.7%), with red spruce (18.0%) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) (16.7%) representing lesser fractions. Stocking at 147% of threshold full stocking was correlated with slow growth rates for red spruce and eastern hemlock. Growth and yield simulations indicated current conditions would support a thinning in smaller size classes that could accelerate individual tree growth rates and decrease time required to attain additional old-growth structural characteristics. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Schuler, T M AU - Ford, WM AU - Collins, R J AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287, USA, tschuler@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 88 EP - 98 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - Red spruce KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Picea rubens KW - Montane environments KW - Environmental restoration KW - Forests KW - Succession KW - USA, West Virginia KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18313464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Successional+Dynamics+and+Restoration+Implications+of+a+Montane+Coniferous+Forest+in+the+Central+Appalachians%2C+USA&rft.au=Schuler%2C+T+M%3BFord%2C+WM%3BCollins%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Schuler&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea rubens; USA, West Virginia; Forests; Environmental restoration; Succession; Montane environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large wood and fluvial processes AN - 18312961; 5362513 AB - Large wood forms an important component of woodland river ecosystems. The relationship between large wood and the physical characteristics of river systems varies greatly with changes in the tree species of the marginal woodland, the climatic and hydrological regime, the fluvial geomorphological setting and the river and woodland management context.Research on large wood and fluvial processes over the last 25 years has focussed on three main themes: the effects of wood on flow hydraulics; on the transfer of mineral and organic sediment; and on the geomorphology of river channels.Analogies between wood and mineral sediment transfer processes (supply, mobility and river characteristics that affect retention) are found useful as a framework for synthesising current knowledge on large wood in rivers.An important property of wood is its size when scaled to the size of the river channel. 'Small' channels are defined as those whose width is less than the majority of wood pieces (e.g. width < median wood piece length). `Medium' channels have widths greater than the size of most wood pieces (e.g. width < upper quartile wood piece length), and `Large' channels are wider than the length of all of the wood pieces delivered to them.A conceptual framework defined here for evaluating the storage and dynamics of wood in rivers ranks the relative importance of hydrological characteristics (flow regime, sediment transport regime), wood characteristics (piece size, buoyancy, morphological complexity) and geomorphological characteristics (channel width, geomorphological style) in `Small', `Medium' and `Large' rivers.Wood pieces are large in comparison with river size in `small' rivers, therefore they tend to remain close to where they are delivered to the river and provide important structures in the stream, controlling rather than responding to the hydrological and sediment transfer characteristics of the river.For `Medium' rivers, the combination of wood length and form becomes critical to the stability of wood within the channel. Wood accumulations form as a result of smaller or more mobile wood pieces accumulating behind key pieces. Wood transport is governed mainly by the flow regime and the buoyancy of the wood. Even quite large wood pieces may require partial burial to give them stability, so enhancing the importance of the sediment transport regime.Wood dynamics in `Large' rivers vary with the geometry of the channel (slope and channel pattern), which controls the delivery, mobility and breakage of wood, and also the characteristics of the riparian zone, from where the greatest volume of wood is introduced. Wood retention depends on the channel pattern and the distribution of flow velocity. A large amount is stored at the channel margins. The greater the contact between the active channel and the forested floodplain and islands, the greater the quantity of wood that is stored. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Gurnell, A M AU - Piegay, H AU - Swanson, F J AU - Gregory, S V AD - School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., UMR 5600 `Environnement-Ville-Societe du CNRS, Lyon, France, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A., Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, U.S.A., a.m.gurnell@bham.ac.uk Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 601 EP - 619 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Geomorphology KW - Water flow KW - Wood KW - D 04310:Freshwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18312961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Large+wood+and+fluvial+processes&rft.au=Gurnell%2C+A+M%3BPiegay%2C+H%3BSwanson%2C+F+J%3BGregory%2C+S+V&rft.aulast=Gurnell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2427.2002.00916.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wood; Rivers; Water flow; Geomorphology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00916.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and Diel Activity Patterns of Predators Attacking Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs in Soybean and Sweet Corn AN - 18310706; 5363435 AB - Predation on lepidopteran eggs in soybean and corn and the temporal partitioning of predation among the predator species were examined in soybean Glycine max (L.) and sweet corn Zea mays (L.). The complex of predators feeding on lepidopteran eggs [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)] and the key predators discovered in this study were different in each crop. The dominant predator in each crop was consistent from year to year but the secondary predators varied in importance. Nabids were the dominant predator group in soybean contributing 51 and 50% of the observed predation events in 1993 and 1994, respectively. The coccinellid, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), was the dominant predator in corn contributing 43.9 and 46.3% of the observed predation events in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Other predators causing greater than or equal to 10% of the observed predation events included Geocoris punctipes Say and the Phalangiidae in soybean, and the nabids, Orius insidiosus Say and Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in sweet corn. All predators observed feeding exhibited taxa specific diel patterns of predation. C. maculata, O. insidiosus and G. punctipes were primarily day active, with 75, 85.7, and 100% of observed predation events occurring during daylight hours, respectively. Nabids were primarily nocturnal with 84.2% of predation events happening at night. Phalangiids, Clubiona abbotii Koch, Lygus lineolaris, and the elaterids were only observed preying upon H. zea eggs nocturnally. Because the dominant predators and their diel activity varied between crops, the period of peak egg predation did also. Egg predation was usually higher during the day in corn and at night in soybean. Crop, date, and time of day all affected intensity of predation on H. zea eggs. Predation in both crops increased through the beginning of August and then declined on the last sampling date. Predation was usually higher in corn than in soybean (three of four sample dates). However, when anthesis was occurring in corn plots, predation rates in soybean and corn were similar. Apparently the availability of sweet corn pollen as an alternative food source for C. maculata caused a reduction in egg predation. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Pfannenstiel, R S AU - Yeargan, K V AD - Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, rpfannenstiel@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 232 EP - 241 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Noctuid moths KW - soybean KW - maize KW - Corn earworm KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Predators KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Crops KW - Eggs KW - Glycine max KW - Diel activity KW - Zea mays KW - Noctuidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18310706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+Diel+Activity+Patterns+of+Predators+Attacking+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+Eggs+in+Soybean+and+Sweet+Corn&rft.au=Pfannenstiel%2C+R+S%3BYeargan%2C+K+V&rft.aulast=Pfannenstiel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Glycine max; Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Predators; Diel activity; Eggs; Crops ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Cotton Microhabitat on Temperature and Survival of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) within Cardboard Capsules AN - 18309850; 5364466 AB - Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine the most suitable release sites in cotton for inundatively released encapsulated Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner. Atypical applications of a plant growth regulator, mepiquat chloride (Pix), were used to manipulate cotton plant size and canopy closure to produce a range of plant sizes that might be present in North Carolina when Trichogramma releases for suppression of third-generation (F sub(3)) heliothines were made. Pix treatments had a significant effect on canopy closure, which significantly influenced the number of hours soil surface temperatures between rows were greater than or equal to 35 degree C. The mean daily number of hours temperatures were greater than or equal to 35 degree C was greatest on the soil surface between rows, followed by in the canopy, then soil surface within rows. A significant correlation between the number of hours preimaginal Trichogramma were exposed to temperatures greater than or equal to 35 degree C and Trichogramma emergence was found in 1997. Consequently, suitability of the soil surface as a release site for Trichogramma capsules depended significantly on the level of canopy closure, location of capsules relative to the center of rows, and length of time capsules remained in the field before parasitoid emergence. Our results indicate that these factors should be considered when implementing augmentative releases of Trichogramma wasps in cotton. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Suh, CP-C AU - Orr, D B AU - Van Duyn, JW AU - Borchert, D M AD - USDA-ARS-APMRU, 2771 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, suh@usda-apmru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 361 EP - 366 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Trichogrammatid wasps KW - Trichogrammatids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Trichogrammatidae KW - Trichogramma KW - Control programs KW - Survival KW - Gossypium KW - Microenvironments KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18309850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Cotton+Microhabitat+on+Temperature+and+Survival+of+Trichogramma+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Trichogrammatidae%29+within+Cardboard+Capsules&rft.au=Suh%2C+CP-C%3BOrr%2C+D+B%3BVan+Duyn%2C+JW%3BBorchert%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Suh&rft.aufirst=CP-C&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium; Trichogramma; Trichogrammatidae; Control programs; Temperature effects; Survival; Microenvironments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Affecting Egg Hatch, Development, and Survival of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Reared on an Artificial Feeding System AN - 18308457; 5363444 AB - Improvements in the way Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring is managed have led to reduced whitefly populations in the southwest United States. However, the potential of the silverleaf whitefly to develop new biotypes, as well as its apparently increasing role in virus transmission, makes it a persistent threat in many parts of the world. Characteristics such as biotype formation and vector competency are at least partially explained by the host range of B. argentifolii. Consequently, a better understanding of the factors that play a role in the host acceptance process and subsequent development of this pest could lead to novel control strategies. Here we used a newly developed artificial feeding system that consists of a polycarbonate chamber, equipped with a Teflon membrane, and filled with a sterilized artificial diet, to determine how biotic and abiotic factors influenced egg hatch, crawler establishment, and development of B. argentifolii. Egg age significantly influenced hatch rates, and to a lesser extent survival and development of nymphs reared on the artificial diet. Five- to six-day-old eggs had higher hatch rates, and nymphs survived longer and developed faster than nymphs from younger or older eggs. There were negative associations between the number of eggs placed on the membranes and both hatch rate and establishment of crawlers. Eggs oviposited on and then subsequently removed from plants held under long-day conditions (14:10 [L:D] h) or high light intensity (36,000 lux) had higher hatch rates than eggs oviposited under short-day conditions (10:14 [L:D] h) or low light intensity ( approximately 11,000 lux). Long-day conditions during oviposition also significantly enhanced survival of nymphs through day 20 and developmental rate for day 6 counts. Light intensity, at least for the range tested here, did not significantly affect development or survival of whitefly nymphs. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Blackmer, J L AU - Lee, L L AU - Henneberry, T J AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, jblackmer@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 306 EP - 312 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Whiteflies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bemisia argentifolii KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Control programs KW - Artificial diets KW - Survival KW - Pest control KW - Development KW - Eggs KW - USA KW - Hatching KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18308457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Factors+Affecting+Egg+Hatch%2C+Development%2C+and+Survival+of+Bemisia+argentifolii+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29+Reared+on+an+Artificial+Feeding+System&rft.au=Blackmer%2C+J+L%3BLee%2C+L+L%3BHenneberry%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Blackmer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=306&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aleyrodidae; Bemisia argentifolii; USA; Eggs; Hatching; Development; Survival; Artificial diets; Pest control; Control programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential Regulation of mnp2, a New Manganese Peroxidase-Encoding Gene from the Ligninolytic Fungus Trametes versicolor PRL 572 AN - 18303055; 5350041 AB - A peroxidase-encoding gene, mnp2, and its corresponding cDNA were characterized from the white-rot basidiomycete Trametes versicolor PRL 572. We used quantitative reverse transcriptase-mediated PCR to identify mnp2 transcripts in nutrient-limited stationary cultures. Although mnp2 lacks upstream metal response elements (MREs), addition of MnSO sub(4) to cultures increased mnp2 transcript levels 250-fold. In contrast, transcript levels of an MRE-containing gene of T. versicolor, mnp1, increased only eightfold under the same conditions. Thus, the manganese peroxidase genes in T. versicolor are differentially regulated, and upstream MREs are not necessarily involved. Our results support the hypothesis that fungal and plant peroxidases arose through an ancient duplication and folding of two structural domains, since we found the mnp1 and mnp2 polypeptides to have internal homology. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Johansson, T AU - Nyman, PO AU - Cullen, D AD - Institute of Microbial and Biochemical Technology, USDA Forest Service, Forest Product Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705., dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 2077 EP - 2080 VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - metal response elements KW - cDNA KW - mnp2 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Peroxidase KW - Gene regulation KW - Trametes versicolor KW - Manganese peroxidase KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18303055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Differential+Regulation+of+mnp2%2C+a+New+Manganese+Peroxidase-Encoding+Gene+from+the+Ligninolytic+Fungus+Trametes+versicolor+PRL+572&rft.au=Johansson%2C+T%3BNyman%2C+PO%3BCullen%2C+D&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2077&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.4.2077-2080.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trametes versicolor; Gene regulation; Peroxidase; Manganese peroxidase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.4.2077-2080.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of spatial models to predict vulnerability of forest birds to brood parasitism by cowbirds AN - 18293814; 5351807 AB - We constructed alternative spatial models at two scales to predict Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism rates from land cover maps. The local-scale models tested competing hypotheses about the relationship between cowbird parasitism and distance of host nests from a forest edge (forest-nonforest boundary). The landscape models tested competing hypotheses about how landscape features (e.g., forests, agricultural fields) interact to determine rates of cowbird parasitism. The models incorporate spatial neighborhoods with a radius of 2.5 km in their formulation, reflecting the scale of the majority of cowbird commuting activity. Field data on parasitism by cowbirds (parasitism rate and number of cowbird eggs per nest) were collected at 28 sites in the Driftless Area Ecoregion of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa and were compared to the predictions of the alternative models. At the local scale, there was a significant positive relationship between cowbird parasitism and mean distance of nest sites from the forest edge. At the landscape scale, the best fitting models were the forest-dependent and forest-fragmentation-dependent models, in which more heavily forested and less fragmented landscapes had higher parasitism rates. However, much of the explanatory power of these models results from the inclusion of the local-scale relationship in these models. We found lower rates of cowbird parasitism than did most Midwestern studies, and we identified landscape patterns of cowbird parasitism that are opposite to those reported in several other studies of Midwestern songbirds. We caution that cowbird parasitism patterns can be unpredictable, depending upon ecoregional location and the spatial extent, and that our models should be tested in other ecoregions before they are applied there. Our study confirms that cowbird biology has a strong spatial component, and that improved spatial models applied at multiple spatial scales will be required to predict the effects of landscape and forest management on cowbird parasitism of forest birds. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Gustafson, E J AU - Knutson, M G AU - Niemi, G J AU - Friberg, M AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, Wisconsin 54501, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 412 EP - 426 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Brown-headed cowbird KW - Birds KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - USA KW - Spatial distribution KW - Molothrus ater KW - Forests KW - brood parasitism KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Edge effect KW - Models KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18293814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+spatial+models+to+predict+vulnerability+of+forest+birds+to+brood+parasitism+by+cowbirds&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+E+J%3BKnutson%2C+M+G%3BNiemi%2C+G+J%3BFriberg%2C+M&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molothrus ater; Aves; USA; brood parasitism; Models; Forests; Edge effect; Habitat fragmentation; Spatial distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global Regulation by gidA in Pseudomonas syringae AN - 18290689; 5348731 AB - Analysis of two virulence mutants of Pseudomonas syringae B728a revealed that the Tn 5 sites of insertion were within the gidA open reading frame (ORF). These mutations were pleiotropic, affecting diverse phenotypic traits, such as lipodepsipeptide (syringomycin and syringopeptin) antibiotic production, swarming, presence of fluorescent pigment, and virulence. Site-specific recombination of a disrupted gidA gene into the chromosome resulted in the same phenotypic pattern as transposon insertion. Mutant phenotypes were restored by the gidA ORF on a plasmid. The salA gene, a copy number suppressor of the syringomycin-deficient phenotype in gacS and gacA mutants, was also found to suppress the antibiotic-negative phenotypes of gidA mutants, suggesting that gidA might play some role in salA regulation. Reporter studies with chromosomal salA-lacZ translational fusions confirmed that salA reporter expression decreased approximately fivefold in a gidA mutant background, with a concurrent decrease in the expression of the syringomycin biosynthetic reporter fusion syrB-lacZ. Wild-type levels of reporter expression were restored by supplying an intact gidA gene on a plasmid. Often described as being involved in cell division, more recent evidence suggests a role for gidA in moderating translational fidelity, suggesting a mechanism by which global regulation might occur. The gidA gene is essentially universal in the domains Bacteria and Eucarya but has no counterparts in Archaea, probably reflecting specific differences in the translational machinery between the former and latter domains. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Kinscherf, T G AU - Willis, D K AD - USDA/ARS Plant Disease Resistance Research Unit, Dept. of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706., dkwillis@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 2281 EP - 2286 VL - 184 IS - 8 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - gacS gene KW - gidA gene KW - salA gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Eucarya KW - Archaea KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18290689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Global+Regulation+by+gidA+in+Pseudomonas+syringae&rft.au=Kinscherf%2C+T+G%3BWillis%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Kinscherf&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.184.8.2281-2286.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas syringae; Archaea; Eucarya; Virulence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.8.2281-2286.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties of iron oxides in streams draining the Loess Uplands of Mississippi AN - 16139340; 5361377 AB - Iron oxide precipitates are abundant in small stream systems of NW Mississippi, USA especially during the wet winter months. The properties of these specific materials are unknown even though they have the potential to influence soil physical properties and adsorb chemical pollutants in sediment environments. Streamwater and associated precipitates were collected from 4 representative streams at Cedar Creek (CC), Lee's Creek (LC), Spring Creek (SC), and Toby Creek (TC) during winter flow periods. Precipitate specimens were characterized for mineralogy, color, and solubility in oxalate (o), dithionite (d), and HNO sub(3). Chemical composition of the water was dominated by Ca, Na, Mg, and K, in that order, at an average pH of 7.0. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) data indicated that the precipitates were primarily poorly ordered ferrihydrite (CC, TC) and lepidocrocite (LC, SC). The Fe sub(o)/Fe sub(d) ratios were 0.40 (CC), 0.68 (LC), 0.66 (SC), and 0.67 (TC). Organic C contents were 80.6, 38.0, 63.0, and 51.3 g kg super(-1) for the same samples. Precipitate color was uniform among sites, averaging 6.7 YR 4.8/6.2. After oxalate extraction, redness increased slightly in the CC and SC specimens, and decreased in the others. Extraction with dithionite depleted the red color in all specimens, but had less effect on the CC and SC samples which retained hues at 7.9 and 7.3 YR, respectively. Dithionite extractable P equaled 1.02 (CC), 0.72 (LC), 0.56 (SC), and 0.99 (TC) g kg super(-1). The results from this study indicated that: (1) the precipitates are either primarily poorly ordered ferrihydrite or lepidocrocite; (2) the solubility of ferrihydrite in both oxalate and dithionite is influenced by C contents; and (3) the redder, ferrihydrite specimens contain the greatest P concentrations. JF - Applied Geochemistry AU - Rhoton, F E AU - Bigham, J M AU - Lindbo, D L AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, rhoton@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 409 EP - 419 VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0883-2927, 0883-2927 KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Iron oxides KW - Physicochemical Properties KW - Chemical Analysis KW - Mineralogy KW - Colour KW - Precipitation (Chemical) KW - Chemical Precipitation KW - Sampling KW - Chemical Composition KW - Data Collections KW - Chemical analysis (see also Individual techniques) KW - Rivers KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Solubility KW - Chemical composition KW - Iron Oxides KW - Geochemistry KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Iron oxides and hydroxides KW - Data collections KW - Color KW - Chemical precipitation KW - Chemical analysis KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - Q2 09187:Geochemistry of sediments KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16139340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Properties+of+iron+oxides+in+streams+draining+the+Loess+Uplands+of+Mississippi&rft.au=Rhoton%2C+F+E%3BBigham%2C+J+M%3BLindbo%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Rhoton&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.issn=08832927&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Sediment chemistry; Chemical composition; Iron oxides; Chemical precipitation; Mineralogy; Sampling; Chemical analysis; Chemical analysis (see also Individual techniques); Colour; Solubility; Physicochemical properties; Precipitation (Chemical); Geochemistry; Iron oxides and hydroxides; Data collections; Physicochemical Properties; Iron Oxides; Chemical Analysis; Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Composition; Data Collections; Color ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishing aquatic restoration priorities using a watershed approach AN - 16137042; 5393514 AB - Since the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, the United States has made great strides to reduce the threats to its rivers, lakes, and wetlands from pollution. However, despite our obvious successes, nearly half of the nation's surface water resources remain incapable of supporting basic aquatic values or maintaining water quality adequate for recreational swimming. The Clean Water Act established a significant federal presence in water quality regulation by controlling point and non-point sources of pollution. Point-sources of pollution were the major emphasis of the Act, but Section 208 specifically addressed non-point sources of pollution and designated silviculture and livestock grazing as sources of non-point pollution. Non-point source pollutants include runoff from agriculture, municipalities, timber harvesting, mining, and livestock grazing. Non-point source pollution now accounts for more than half of the United States water quality impairments. To successfully improve water quality, restoration practitioners must start with an understanding of what ecosystem processes are operating in the watershed and how they have been affected by outside variables. A watershed-based analysis template developed in the Pacific Northwest can be a valuable aid in developing that level of understanding. The watershed analysis technique identifies four ecosystem scales useful to identify stream restoration priorities: region, basin, watershed, and site. The watershed analysis technique is based on a set of technically rigorous and defensible procedures designed to provide information on what processes are active at the watershed scale, how those processes are distributed in time and space. They help describe what the current upland and riparian conditions of the watershed are and how these conditions in turn influence aquatic habitat and other beneficial uses. The analysis is organized as a set of six steps that direct an interdisciplinary team of specialists to examine the biotic and abiotic processes influencing aquatic habitat and species abundance. This process helps develop an understanding of the watershed within the context of the larger ecosystem. The understanding gained can then be used to identify and prioritize aquatic restoration activities at the appropriate temporal and spatial scale. The watershed approach prevents relying solely on site-level information, a common problem with historic restoration efforts. When the watershed analysis process was used in the Whitefish Mountains of northwest Montana, natural resource professionals were able to determine the dominant habitat forming processes important for native fishes and use that information to prioritize, plan, and implement the appropriate restoration activities at the watershed scale. Despite considerable investments of time and resources needed to complete an analysis at the watershed scale, the results can prevent the misdiagnosis of aquatic problems and help ensure that the objectives of aquatic restoration will be met. Copyright 2002 Academic Press JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Bohn, B AU - Kershner, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Bighorn National Forest, Sheridan, Wyoming, 82801, USA Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 355 EP - 363 PB - Academic Press VL - 64 IS - 4 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - USA, Montana KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Rehabilitation KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Water Quality KW - Watershed Management KW - Water quality standards KW - Watersheds KW - Water Pollution Control KW - USA KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Aquatic Environment KW - Environmental restoration KW - Fish KW - Clean Water Act KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16137042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Establishing+aquatic+restoration+priorities+using+a+watershed+approach&rft.au=Bohn%2C+B%3BKershner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bohn&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjema.2001.0496 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental restoration; Watersheds; Clean Water Act; Water quality standards; Rivers; Water Pollution Control; Rehabilitation; Aquatic Habitats; Water Pollution Sources; Aquatic Environment; Water Quality; Fish; Watershed Management; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.2001.0496 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological and economic implications of Sacramento watershed management options AN - 16134600; 5388059 AB - This paper brings together spatially and temporally explicit mechanistic models of hydrodynamic, water quality, and ecological processes with an economic model to examine water management alternatives for California's Sacramento River and Delta ecosystem, a large-scale watershed. Overallocated water supplies in most years, combined with increasing demand for water for environmental purposes, have created a politically charged atmosphere and a need for quantitative assessment of the implications of policy alternatives. By developing and analyzing a common set of policy scenarios, this integrated framework allows us to consider tradeoffs between agricultural economic factors, water quality, and population dynamics for two at-risk fish species. We analyze two rather extreme types of policy options; one involves structural modifications to change the flow of water within the watershed but no change in water diversions, while the other reallocates water from agricultural users to fish and wildlife. Results suggest that substantial environmental improvements could be made at a relatively modest cost to farmers (1 to 4 percent reductions in revenues) but that those costs could be significant locally. In addition to tradeoffs between farmers and environmental interests, results suggest that policy makers may need to balance competing environmental objectives. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Weinberg, M AU - Lawrence, CA AU - Anderson, J D AU - Randall, J R AU - Botsford, L W AU - Loeb, C J AU - Tadokoro, C S AU - Orlob, G T AU - Sabatier, P AD - Resource and Environmental Policy Branch, Economic Research Service, USDA, 1800 M St. NW, Rm. S4020, Washington, D.C. 20036-5831, USA, weinberg@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/04// PY - 2002 DA - Apr 2002 SP - 367 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, California, Sacramento R. KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Environmental Effects KW - Irrigation water KW - Agriculture KW - Water Management KW - Pollution (Environmental) KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Watershed Management KW - Population dynamics KW - Watersheds KW - environmental policy KW - INE, USA, California, Sacramento Delta KW - Economics KW - Policy Making KW - Case study KW - Policies KW - USA, California, Sacramento KW - Case Studies KW - Water Quality KW - Economic Impact KW - River engineering KW - Environmental protection KW - Model Studies KW - Water supply KW - Water management KW - Nature conservation KW - Fish Populations KW - Environment management KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Freshwater ecology KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16134600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Biological+and+economic+implications+of+Sacramento+watershed+management+options&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+M%3BLawrence%2C+CA%3BAnderson%2C+J+D%3BRandall%2C+J+R%3BBotsford%2C+L+W%3BLoeb%2C+C+J%3BTadokoro%2C+C+S%3BOrlob%2C+G+T%3BSabatier%2C+P&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Irrigation water; Policies; Hydrodynamics; Watersheds; River engineering; Environmental protection; Water supply; Water management; Economics; Nature conservation; Environment management; Freshwater ecology; Population dynamics; environmental policy; Case study; Pollution (Environmental); Water quality (Natural waters); Environmental Effects; Policy Making; Water Management; Case Studies; Water Quality; Watershed Management; Fish Populations; Economic Impact; Model Studies; INE, USA, California, Sacramento Delta; USA, California, Sacramento ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dioxins in food: a modern agricultural perspective. AN - 71537707; 11902908 AB - This review attempts to cover and summarize the literature available on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in the environment with regard to problems of interest to agriculture. The coverage of the literature is extensive (120 references) but, by all means, not complete. Issues that are addressed in this review include a background summary of dioxins in the environment and their potential human health risks; current knowledge on the levels of dioxins in the U.S. food supply and comparisons to European data; descriptions of recent food contamination episodes; an evaluation of methods that may reduce incurred levels of dioxins in livestock and meats; and the status and limitations of dioxin analysis and rapid screening methods with regard to widespread monitoring programs. Research areas in agriculture where data and experimental results are scarce or nonexistent are also pointed out. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Huwe, Janice K AD - Biosciences Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 5674, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA. huwej@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 27 SP - 1739 EP - 1750 VL - 50 IS - 7 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated KW - Dioxins KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Europe KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Benzofurans -- analysis KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Agriculture KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analysis KW - Dioxins -- analysis KW - Food Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71537707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Dioxins+in+food%3A+a+modern+agricultural+perspective.&rft.au=Huwe%2C+Janice+K&rft.aulast=Huwe&rft.aufirst=Janice&rft.date=2002-03-27&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol in Wheat AN - 18685475; 5584324 AB - The fungus Fusarium graminearum, a pathogen of both wheat and maize, produces a toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), that causes disease in livestock. A rapid test for DON in wheat was developed using the principle of fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay. The assay was based on the competition between DON and a novel DON-fluorescein tracer (DON-FL2) for a DON-specific monoclonal antibody in solution. The method, which is a substantial improvement over our previous DON FP immunoassay, combined a rapid (3 min) extraction step with a rapid (2 min) detection step. A series of naturally contaminated wheat and maize samples were analyzed by both FP immunoassay and liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). For wheat the HPLC-UV and FP methods agreed well (linear regression r super(2) = 0.936), but for maize the two methods did not (r super(2) = 0.849). We conclude that the FP method is useful for screening wheat, but not maize, for DON. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Maragos, C M AU - Plattner, R D AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2002/03/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 27 SP - 1827 EP - 1832 VL - 50 IS - 7 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Wheat KW - deoxynivalenol KW - maize KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18685475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Counseling+Psychologist&rft.atitle=Vocational+Research+for+the+Liberation+of+Battered+Women.+Social+Justice+Forum&rft.au=Chronister%2C+Krista+M.%3BWettersten%2C+Kara+Brita%3BBrown%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Chronister&rft.aufirst=Krista&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=900&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Counseling+Psychologist&rft.issn=00110000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf011487d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abomasitis associated with multiple antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 AN - 18377402; 5348251 AB - Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 is a multiple antibiotic resistant pathogen that has been purported to be more pathogenic than other Salmonella. In this study, we evaluated the possibility that DT104 is the causative agent of veal calf abomasitis observed in four independent outbreaks of salmonellosis. This study was undertaken to determine if the outbreaks might be due to hypervirulent S. enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 (DT104) since Salmonella does not usually cause abomasitis. Tissues and fluids from these calves were subjected to bacteriologic culture. Pure Salmonella cultures were then used in bovine challenge experiments. DT104 was identified as the causative agent of abomasitis in calves. Thus, abomasitis is a potential indicator of infection with multiple antibiotic resistant DT104 and adds credence to the apparent hypervirulence of this pathogen. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Carlson, SA AU - Stoffregen, W C AU - Bolin AD - Preharvest Food Safety Enteric Disease Research, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA, scarlson@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 22 SP - 233 EP - 240 VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - abomastitis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18377402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Abomasitis+associated+with+multiple+antibiotic+resistant+Salmonella+enterica+serotype+Typhimurium+phagetype+DT104&rft.au=Carlson%2C+SA%3BStoffregen%2C+W+C%3BBolin&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2002-03-22&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 from hide surfaces and the oral cavity of finished beef feedlot cattle. AN - 71555197; 11918269 AB - To determine whether viable shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 could be isolated from hide surface locations and the oral cavity of finished beef feedlot cattle. Within-animal prevalence distribution survey. 139 finished cattle in 4 pens in a feedlot in Nebraska; prevalence of fecal STEC O157 shedding ranged from 20 to > 90%. Samples were collected from 7 sites from each animal: feces, oral cavity, and 5 hide surface locations (lumbar region, ventral aspect of the neck, ventral abdominal midline [ventrum], dorsal thoracic midline [back], and distal aspect of the left hind limb [hock]). Viable STEC O157 were isolated from the oral cavity or 1 or more hide surfaces of 130 cattle, including 50 fecal isolation-negative cattle. Site-specific prevalence of STEC O157 was 74.8% for oral cavity samples, 73.4% for back samples, 62.6% for neck samples, 60.4% for fecal samples, 54.0% for flank samples, 51.1% for ventrum samples, and 41.0% for hock samples. Only 5 cattle tested negative for STEC O157 at all 7 sites. Multiple correspondence and cluster analyses demonstrated that bacterial culture of feces, oral cavity samples, and back samples detected most cattle with STEC O157. Results suggest that viable STEC O157 may be isolated from the oral cavity, multiple hide surfaces, and feces of a high percentage of fed beef cattle and that bacterial culture of feces alone generally underestimates the percentage of fed beef cattle from which STEC O157 can be isolated. JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Keen, James E AU - Elder, Robert O AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA. Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 SP - 756 EP - 763 VL - 220 IS - 6 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Shiga Toxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Shiga Toxins -- biosynthesis KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field -- veterinary KW - Cattle KW - Shiga Toxins -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- veterinary KW - Skin -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- classification KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Cattle Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Carrier State -- diagnosis KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- diagnosis KW - Mouth -- microbiology KW - Carrier State -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- microbiology KW - Carrier State -- veterinary KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71555197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+shiga-toxigenic+Escherichia+coli+O157+from+hide+surfaces+and+the+oral+cavity+of+finished+beef+feedlot+cattle.&rft.au=Keen%2C+James+E%3BElder%2C+Robert+O&rft.aulast=Keen&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=220&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=756&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characterization of a unique reovirus isolated from poult enteritis mortality syndrome affected Turkeys AN - 39590607; 3667103 AU - Thompson, E AU - Kapczynski, D AU - Cherry, S S Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39590607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+unique+reovirus+isolated+from+poult+enteritis+mortality+syndrome+affected+Turkeys&rft.au=Thompson%2C+E%3BKapczynski%2C+D%3BCherry%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 223 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relationship of ALV-J virus to the detection of Campylobacter in the roosters AN - 39590436; 3667078 AU - Cox, NA AU - Wilson, J L AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Buhr, R J AU - Sander, JE AU - Hudson, B P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39590436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+ALV-J+virus+to+the+detection+of+Campylobacter+in+the+roosters&rft.au=Cox%2C+NA%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BSander%2C+JE%3BHudson%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 188 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bioconversions of agricultural residues to value-added coproducts using yeastlike fungi AN - 39577614; 3665695 AU - Leathers, T D Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39577614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bioconversions+of+agricultural+residues+to+value-added+coproducts+using+yeastlike+fungi&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ISSY 22, P.O. Box 1413, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa; URL: www.uovs.ac.za/faculties/nat/issy22 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of broiler feed withdrawal and transportation on levels of campylobacter, salmonella and E. coli on carcasses before and after immersion chilling AN - 39572135; 3666956 AU - Northcutt, J K AU - Berrang, ME AU - Dickens, JA AU - Fletcher, D L AU - Cox, NA Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39572135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+broiler+feed+withdrawal+and+transportation+on+levels+of+campylobacter%2C+salmonella+and+E.+coli+on+carcasses+before+and+after+immersion+chilling&rft.au=Northcutt%2C+J+K%3BBerrang%2C+ME%3BDickens%2C+JA%3BFletcher%2C+D+L%3BCox%2C+NA&rft.aulast=Northcutt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 87 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of an experimental chlorate compound on Salmonella recovery of Turkeys when administered prior to feed and water withdrawal AN - 39572001; 3666936 AU - Moore, R W AU - Byrd, JA AU - Knape, K D AU - Anderson, R C AU - Callaway, T R AU - Edrington, T S AU - Kubena, L F AU - Nisbet, D J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39572001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+an+experimental+chlorate+compound+on+Salmonella+recovery+of+Turkeys+when+administered+prior+to+feed+and+water+withdrawal&rft.au=Moore%2C+R+W%3BByrd%2C+JA%3BKnape%2C+K+D%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 67 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Microsatellite marker development for sugar beet AN - 39571647; 3666863 AU - Panella, L Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39571647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microsatellite+marker+development+for+sugar+beet&rft.au=Panella%2C+L&rft.aulast=Panella&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Progress of the national center for cool and cold water aquaculture AN - 39521968; 3666533 AU - Rexroad, C Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39521968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Progress+of+the+national+center+for+cool+and+cold+water+aquaculture&rft.au=Rexroad%2C+C&rft.aulast=Rexroad&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular tools for a channel catfish applied breeding program AN - 39502460; 3666541 AU - Waldbieser, G Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39502460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+tools+for+a+channel+catfish+applied+breeding+program&rft.au=Waldbieser%2C+G&rft.aulast=Waldbieser&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - QTLs for winterhardiness in lentil (Lens culinaris L.) AN - 39501044; 3666581 AU - Muehlbauer, F Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39501044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=QTLs+for+winterhardiness+in+lentil+%28Lens+culinaris+L.%29&rft.au=Muehlbauer%2C+F&rft.aulast=Muehlbauer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Oral ascorbic acid and beta-glucan affect cytokine expression differently after an LPS challenge AN - 39500772; 3660295 AU - Eicher, S D AU - McKee, CA AU - Carroll, JA AU - Johnson, T R Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39500772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Oral+ascorbic+acid+and+beta-glucan+affect+cytokine+expression+differently+after+an+LPS+challenge&rft.au=Eicher%2C+S+D%3BMcKee%2C+CA%3BCarroll%2C+JA%3BJohnson%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Eicher&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 293 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of Mycoplasma gallisepticum S6 and R strains on the ciliary activity of chicken tracheal ring organ cultures AN - 39499531; 3666950 AU - Collier, S D AU - Bearson, S D AU - Branton, S L Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39499531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Mycoplasma+gallisepticum+S6+and+R+strains+on+the+ciliary+activity+of+chicken+tracheal+ring+organ+cultures&rft.au=Collier%2C+S+D%3BBearson%2C+S+D%3BBranton%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 81 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genomic expansion of the Mla plant-defense complex is driven by transposon insertion and heterochromatic replication AN - 39498983; 3666839 AU - Wise, R Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39498983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genomic+expansion+of+the+Mla+plant-defense+complex+is+driven+by+transposon+insertion+and+heterochromatic+replication&rft.au=Wise%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Activation of chicken immune cells by unmethylated CPG dinucleotide motif of bacterial DNA AN - 39495836; 3660088 AU - He, H AU - Farnell, M B AU - Crippen, T L AU - Kogut, M H Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39495836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Activation+of+chicken+immune+cells+by+unmethylated+CPG+dinucleotide+motif+of+bacterial+DNA&rft.au=He%2C+H%3BFarnell%2C+M+B%3BCrippen%2C+T+L%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 85 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Progress in identifying QTLs for resistance to aphanomyces root rot in pea AN - 39490460; 3666580 AU - Coyne, C Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39490460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Progress+in+identifying+QTLs+for+resistance+to+aphanomyces+root+rot+in+pea&rft.au=Coyne%2C+C&rft.aulast=Coyne&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogens isolated from a poultry further processing facility and from fully cooked product AN - 39489013; 3666958 AU - Berrang, ME AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Northcutt, J K AU - Smith, D P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39489013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+Listeria+monocytogens+isolated+from+a+poultry+further+processing+facility+and+from+fully+cooked+product&rft.au=Berrang%2C+ME%3BMeinersmann%2C+R+J%3BNorthcutt%2C+J+K%3BSmith%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Berrang&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 89 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Land degradation as a result of water erosion in the central valley of Mexico City (S2-003) AN - 39488064; 3658774 AU - Norton, D L AU - Ventura, E Jr AU - Figueroa, B AU - Oropeza, J L Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39488064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Land+degradation+as+a+result+of+water+erosion+in+the+central+valley+of+Mexico+City+%28S2-003%29&rft.au=Norton%2C+D+L%3BVentura%2C+E+Jr%3BFigueroa%2C+B%3BOropeza%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 3rd International Conference on Land Degradation, Rua Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22460-000, Brazil; phone: 55-21-2274-4999; fax: 55 21 2294-8039 / 2274-5291; email: icld3@cnps.embrapa.br N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - U.S. crop legume genome initiative AN - 39487832; 3666639 AU - St John, J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39487832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=U.S.+crop+legume+genome+initiative&rft.au=St+John%2C+J&rft.aulast=St+John&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Integration and use of gene ontology terms in the animal livestock genomics database at MARC AN - 39487670; 3666589 AU - Harhay, G Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39487670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Integration+and+use+of+gene+ontology+terms+in+the+animal+livestock+genomics+database+at+MARC&rft.au=Harhay%2C+G&rft.aulast=Harhay&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic diversity in Pineapple assessed by AFLP markers AN - 39484682; 3666767 AU - Ming, R Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+diversity+in+Pineapple+assessed+by+AFLP+markers&rft.au=Ming%2C+R&rft.aulast=Ming&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genomic sequence analysis of avian paramyxoviruses and their phylogenetic relationships with other members of the family paramyxoviridae AN - 39484509; 3666714 AU - Seal, B Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genomic+sequence+analysis+of+avian+paramyxoviruses+and+their+phylogenetic+relationships+with+other+members+of+the+family+paramyxoviridae&rft.au=Seal%2C+B&rft.aulast=Seal&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Update of cottonDB AN - 39484182; 3666656 AU - Yu, J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Update+of+cottonDB&rft.au=Yu%2C+J&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Chromosome substitution lines and its use in cotton improvement AN - 39484120; 3666655 AU - Saha, S Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Chromosome+substitution+lines+and+its+use+in+cotton+improvement&rft.au=Saha%2C+S&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic mapping of Al tolerance genes in triticeace AN - 39484010; 3666646 AU - Gustafson, J P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39484010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+mapping+of+Al+tolerance+genes+in+triticeace&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of experimental chlorate compound (ECP) and competitive exclusion product (CE) Salmonella contamination of broilers AN - 39482236; 3666935 AU - Byrd, JA AU - Moore, R W AU - Knape, K D AU - Anderson, R C AU - Kubena, L F AU - Nisbet, D J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39482236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+experimental+chlorate+compound+%28ECP%29+and+competitive+exclusion+product+%28CE%29+Salmonella+contamination+of+broilers&rft.au=Byrd%2C+JA%3BMoore%2C+R+W%3BKnape%2C+K+D%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Byrd&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 66 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of age, diet, and feed withdrawal on color of raw broiler breast fillets AN - 39479612; 3667096 AU - Smith, D P AU - Lyon, CE AU - Lyon, B G AU - Windham, W R AU - Lawrence, K C AU - Park, B Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39479612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+age%2C+diet%2C+and+feed+withdrawal+on+color+of+raw+broiler+breast+fillets&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+P%3BLyon%2C+CE%3BLyon%2C+B+G%3BWindham%2C+W+R%3BLawrence%2C+K+C%3BPark%2C+B&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 206 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Land degradation: An assessment of the human impact on global land resources AN - 39474764; 3658765 AU - Eswaran, H AU - Reich, P AU - Beinroth, F Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39474764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Land+degradation%3A+An+assessment+of+the+human+impact+on+global+land+resources&rft.au=Eswaran%2C+H%3BReich%2C+P%3BBeinroth%2C+F&rft.aulast=Eswaran&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 3rd International Conference on Land Degradation, Rua Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22460-000, Brazil; phone: 55-21-2274-4999; fax: 55 21 2294-8039 / 2274-5291; email: icld3@cnps.embrapa.br N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recovery of Campylobacter spp. by enrichment of fecal samples AN - 39474431; 3667079 AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Cox, NA AU - Wilson, J L AU - Buhr, R J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39474431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+Campylobacter+spp.+by+enrichment+of+fecal+samples&rft.au=Musgrove%2C+M+T%3BCox%2C+NA%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BBuhr%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Musgrove&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 189 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Carcass salmonella and campylobacter contamination resulting from crop content spillage during evisceration can be removed by carcass washing AN - 39473859; 3667048 AU - Buhr, R J AU - Hinton, A Jr AU - Ingram, K D Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39473859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Carcass+salmonella+and+campylobacter+contamination+resulting+from+crop+content+spillage+during+evisceration+can+be+removed+by+carcass+washing&rft.au=Buhr%2C+R+J%3BHinton%2C+A+Jr%3BIngram%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Buhr&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 169 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using dbest to study duplication and divergence in the soybean transcriptome AN - 39472735; 3666752 AU - Granger, C Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39472735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+dbest+to+study+duplication+and+divergence+in+the+soybean+transcriptome&rft.au=Granger%2C+C&rft.aulast=Granger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cloning and expression of a sucrose transport gene in sugarcane AN - 39472222; 3666593 AU - Lingle, S Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39472222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+expression+of+a+sucrose+transport+gene+in+sugarcane&rft.au=Lingle%2C+S&rft.aulast=Lingle&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Differential nitric oxide production by immune cells of chickens AN - 39472138; 3660118 AU - Crippen, T L AU - Ripley, L H AU - Farnell, M B AU - Lowry, V K AU - Sheffield, CL AU - Kogut, M H Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39472138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Differential+nitric+oxide+production+by+immune+cells+of+chickens&rft.au=Crippen%2C+T+L%3BRipley%2C+L+H%3BFarnell%2C+M+B%3BLowry%2C+V+K%3BSheffield%2C+CL%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Crippen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 115 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Distribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase haplotypes in U.S. beef cattle AN - 39471942; 3660212 AU - Chitko-McKown, C G AU - Laegreid, W W AU - Heaton, M P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39471942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase+haplotypes+in+U.S.+beef+cattle&rft.au=Chitko-McKown%2C+C+G%3BLaegreid%2C+W+W%3BHeaton%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Chitko-McKown&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 206 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Species marker segregation in a wide cross lolium mapping population AN - 39467877; 3666773 AU - Warnke, SE Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39467877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Species+marker+segregation+in+a+wide+cross+lolium+mapping+population&rft.au=Warnke%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Warnke&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Microsatellite fingerprints of Louisiana sugarcane varieties and breeding lines AN - 39466620; 3666591 AU - Pan, Y-B Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39466620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Abuse+%26+Neglect&rft.atitle=Childhood+abuse+recollections+in+a+nonclinical+population%3A+Forgetting+and+secrecy&rft.au=Fish%2C+Vincent%3BScott%2C+Cynthia+G.&rft.aulast=Fish&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.date=1999-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=791&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+Abuse+%26+Neglect&rft.issn=01452134&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0145-2134%2899%2900049-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recovery of bacteria from breast skin of feathered and scaleless "featherless" carcasses following scalding and picking AN - 39465487; 3667049 AU - Buhr, R J AU - Berrang, ME AU - Cason, JA Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39465487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+bacteria+from+breast+skin+of+feathered+and+scaleless+%22featherless%22+carcasses+following+scalding+and+picking&rft.au=Buhr%2C+R+J%3BBerrang%2C+ME%3BCason%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Buhr&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 170 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Disease resistance genes AN - 39465317; 3666858 AU - Weiland, J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39465317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Disease+resistance+genes&rft.au=Weiland%2C+J&rft.aulast=Weiland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - USDA/NSF microbial genome competitive grant program AN - 39461011; 3661465 AU - Johnson, P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39461011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=USDA%2FNSF+microbial+genome+competitive+grant+program&rft.au=Johnson%2C+P&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6066, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reconciliation? Not yet. A look at land degradation AN - 39451697; 3658764 AU - Arnold, R W Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reconciliation%3F+Not+yet.+A+look+at+land+degradation&rft.au=Arnold%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: 3rd International Conference on Land Degradation, Rua Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 22460-000, Brazil; phone: 55-21-2274-4999; fax: 55 21 2294-8039 / 2274-5291; email: icld3@cnps.embrapa.br N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of dietary menhaden oil on characteristics of eggs from broiler breeder hens AN - 39451122; 3667045 AU - Lyon, B G AU - Wilson, J L AU - Jones AU - Savage, E M Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39451122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dietary+menhaden+oil+on+characteristics+of+eggs+from+broiler+breeder+hens&rft.au=Lyon%2C+B+G%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BJones%3BSavage%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 166 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Variations in levels of acid phosphatase in chicken whole leg meat AN - 39449537; 3667041 AU - Jones AU - Fletcher, D L AU - Lyon, CE Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39449537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Variations+in+levels+of+acid+phosphatase+in+chicken+whole+leg+meat&rft.au=Jones%3BFletcher%2C+D+L%3BLyon%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 162 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Microarray analysis of gene expression in soybean resistant or susceptible to soybean cyst nematode AN - 39444836; 3666828 AU - Matthews, B F Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39444836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microarray+analysis+of+gene+expression+in+soybean+resistant+or+susceptible+to+soybean+cyst+nematode&rft.au=Matthews%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Initiative for future agricultural and food systems (IFAFS) AN - 39444235; 3666682 AU - Rockey, S AU - Bailey, M AU - Osborn, T AU - Murray, J Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39444235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Initiative+for+future+agricultural+and+food+systems+%28IFAFS%29&rft.au=Rockey%2C+S%3BBailey%2C+M%3BOsborn%2C+T%3BMurray%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rockey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - SNP detection and mapping in soybean and related glycine species AN - 39444053; 3666632 AU - Cregan, P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39444053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Epstein%2C+Michelle+A.&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memories+of+childhood+trauma%3A+Who+reports+forgetting+and+why%3F&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Presence of naturally occurring Campylobacter in the Semen of mid life (35-45 weeks old) and late life (49-65 weeks old) commercial broiler breeder roosters AN - 39443786; 3667076 AU - Cox, NA AU - Wilson, J L AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Buhr, R J AU - Hudson, B P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39443786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Presence+of+naturally+occurring+Campylobacter+in+the+Semen+of+mid+life+%2835-45+weeks+old%29+and+late+life+%2849-65+weeks+old%29+commercial+broiler+breeder+roosters&rft.au=Cox%2C+NA%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BHudson%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 186 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nutrient substrates used by bacteria from the poultry processing environment AN - 39443708; 3667042 AU - Boothe, D H AU - Arnold, J W Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39443708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nutrient+substrates+used+by+bacteria+from+the+poultry+processing+environment&rft.au=Boothe%2C+D+H%3BArnold%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Boothe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 163 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of molting regimens on Salmonella enteritidis colonization and invasion in laying hens AN - 39443577; 3667027 AU - Moore, R W AU - Woodward, CL AU - Kubena, L F AU - Byrd, JA AU - Knape, K D AU - Kwon, Y M AU - Nisbet, D J AU - Ricke, S C Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39443577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+molting+regimens+on+Salmonella+enteritidis+colonization+and+invasion+in+laying+hens&rft.au=Moore%2C+R+W%3BWoodward%2C+CL%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BByrd%2C+JA%3BKnape%2C+K+D%3BKwon%2C+Y+M%3BNisbet%2C+D+J%3BRicke%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 148 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of the possible immunological function of the chicken crop (Ingluvies) AN - 39437605; 3666967 AU - Vaughn, LE AU - Holt, P S AU - Crowdis, K S AU - Seo, K-H AU - Gast, R K Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39437605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+possible+immunological+function+of+the+chicken+crop+%28Ingluvies%29&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+LE%3BHolt%2C+P+S%3BCrowdis%2C+K+S%3BSeo%2C+K-H%3BGast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Vaughn&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 217 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic map construction for leymus wildryes AN - 39437383; 3666769 AU - Larson, S Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39437383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+map+construction+for+leymus+wildryes&rft.au=Larson%2C+S&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Differential bactericidal functions stimulated by the activation of toll-like receptors in chicken heterophils AN - 39431002; 3660213 AU - Swaggerty, CL AU - Farnell, M B AU - Kogut, M H Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39431002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Differential+bactericidal+functions+stimulated+by+the+activation+of+toll-like+receptors+in+chicken+heterophils&rft.au=Swaggerty%2C+CL%3BFarnell%2C+M+B%3BKogut%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Swaggerty&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society for Leukocyte Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-5703; fax: 301-571-5704; email: slb@faseb.org; URL: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~slb. Poster Paper No. 208 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of vaccine applicator pressurization on Mycoplasma gallisepticum AN - 39428782; 3666949 AU - Branton, S L AU - Collier, S D AU - Simmons, J D AU - Lott, B D AU - Miles, D M Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39428782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Holker%2C+Erin+Greenspon&rft.aulast=Holker&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Repeated+victimization+of+women+substance+abusers%3A+Neuropsychological+variables&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 80 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of a live attenuated Salmonella vaccine to protect hens against Salmonella enteritidis infection during molt AN - 39428760; 3666948 AU - Holt, P S AU - Kelly Aehle, S AU - Gast, R K Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39428760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+live+attenuated+Salmonella+vaccine+to+protect+hens+against+Salmonella+enteritidis+infection+during+molt&rft.au=Holt%2C+P+S%3BKelly+Aehle%2C+S%3BGast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 79 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic manipulation of alfalfa and Medicago truncatula for organic acid secretion and metal tolerance AN - 39401298; 3666553 AU - Samac, D Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39401298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+manipulation+of+alfalfa+and+Medicago+truncatula+for+organic+acid+secretion+and+metal+tolerance&rft.au=Samac%2C+D&rft.aulast=Samac&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Plant & Animal Genome Meeting, c/o Scherago International Inc., 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 1003, New York, NY 10001, USA; phone: 212-643-1750; fax: 212-643-1758; URL: www.intl-pag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Isolation of Campylobacter from the vas deferens of 65 week old commercial broiler breeder roosters AN - 39399874; 3667077 AU - Cox, NA AU - Wilson, J L AU - Musgrove, M T AU - Buhr, R J AU - Hudson, B P Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39399874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+Campylobacter+from+the+vas+deferens+of+65+week+old+commercial+broiler+breeder+roosters&rft.au=Cox%2C+NA%3BWilson%2C+J+L%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BHudson%2C+B+P&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Southern Poultry Science Society, 117 Campfire Circle, Brandon, MS 39047-6321, USA; phone: 601/992-1917; URL: www.uga.edu/poultry/spss/. Paper No. 187 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of exchangeable Mg on saturated hydraulic conductivity, disaggregation and clay dispersion of disturbed soils AN - 18305142; 5356497 AB - Different opinions exist regarding the specific effect of Mg on soil physical and chemical properties. We hypothesized that Mg super(2+), compared with Ca super(2+), reduces saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sub(s)) via promoting clay swelling, disaggregation, and clay dispersion. Two soils (mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs) in packed soil columns were leached with either Ca- or Mg-containing solutions at the successive concentrations of 250, 10, 2, 0.5, and 0 mM. Critical flocculation concentration (CFC) in either Ca or Mg systems was determined with flocculation series tests. Aggregate stability and mean weight diameter (MWD) were assessed by wet-sieving. The CFCs were higher in Mg than in Ca for both soils, indicating that Mg is more dispersive than Ca. The MWDs measured using 1-2 mm aggregates of both soils were significantly larger for Ca-soils than for Mg-soils (P = 0.05). The K sub(sr) (normalized with initial K sub(s)) started to decline at higher concentrations for Mg than for Ca, and the reduction was much greater in Mg than in Ca above 0.5 mM. The K sub(sr) and percent transmittance (inversely related to turbidity) of leachate at a given eluted pore volume following 'steady state' were higher in Ca than in Mg for both soils (P = 0.1), indicating lower permeability and more clay dispersion with the Mg treatment. Swelling and disaggregation, which reduced large pores, appeared to be the dominant process causing the rapid initial decline of K sub(sr). Clay dispersion and subsequent pore plugging became progressively important when electrolyte concentration was reduced to below CFCs. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Zhang, X C AU - Norton, L D AD - USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 West Cheyenne Street, El Reno, OK 73036, USA, jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 SP - 194 EP - 205 VL - 260 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Soil Water Movement KW - Soil Chemistry KW - Leachate KW - Electrolytes KW - Soil/water systems KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Clays KW - Clay Minerals KW - Infiltration KW - Magnesium KW - Leachates KW - Permeation KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18305142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Effect+of+exchangeable+Mg+on+saturated+hydraulic+conductivity%2C+disaggregation+and+clay+dispersion+of+disturbed+soils&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+C%3BNorton%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=260&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electrolytes; Leachate; Soil/water systems; Infiltration; Magnesium; Permeation; Clays; Soil Water Movement; Soil Chemistry; Clay Minerals; Permeability Coefficient; Leachates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oleoresin characteristics of progeny of loblolly pines that escaped attack by the southern pine beetle AN - 18300054; 5339929 AB - Oleoresin characteristics of first-generation (F sub(1)) progeny of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) that escaped mortality from the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), despite heavy mortality of neighbors, were evaluated and compared to trees from a general (i.e., trees produced from bulk seed sources) population over the course of two and a half years in southcentral Mississippi (USA). Trees were 21-25 years old and growing in a common-garden type planting when sampled. The relative concentrations of five monoterpenes, five resin acids, and one phenylpropanoid were determined from oleoresin collected on five dates over 18 months. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the concentration of 11 oleoresin chemical components did not differ between trees from escape and general populations (P>0.619) , providing evidence against the importance of this potential resistance factor. Univariate analyses on three individual resin constituents that were deemed important prior to the study-- alpha -pinene, 4-allylanisole, and limonene--showed that only 4-allylanisole (P<0.0339) varied significantly between populations; however, its concentration was higher in trees from the general population ( x ¯ =1.4 vs. 0.9% of oleoresin weight), which does not support the hypothesis that higher concentrations of 4-allylanisole in oleoresin facilitated escape from D. frontalis attack. Oleoresin flow, on the other hand, was significantly higher in escape trees-averaging 1.65 times higher than general population trees over the course of 28 months (eight sampling times). This strongly supports the hypothesis that oleoresin flow can impact the host selection process of D. frontalis, and suggests that increased flow can improve survival under heavy pressure from D. frontalis. These results also may provide an indirect estimate of the magnitude of increase in flow necessary for producing a 'real world' impact on the outcome of the interaction between D. frontalis and a preferred host. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Strom, B L AU - Goyer, R A AU - Ingram, L L AU - Boyd, GDL AU - Lott, L H AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2500 Shreveport Highway, 71360 Pineville, LA USA Y1 - 2002/03/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 15 SP - 169 EP - 178 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 158 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Loblolly pine KW - Southern pine beetle KW - Beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - oleoresins KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pest attack KW - Forest management KW - Scolytidae KW - Coleoptera KW - Pinus taeda KW - Ecophysiology KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Dendroctonus frontalis KW - D 04700:Management KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18300054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Oleoresin+characteristics+of+progeny+of+loblolly+pines+that+escaped+attack+by+the+southern+pine+beetle&rft.au=Strom%2C+B+L%3BGoyer%2C+R+A%3BIngram%2C+L+L%3BBoyd%2C+GDL%3BLott%2C+L+H&rft.aulast=Strom&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; Dendroctonus frontalis; Coleoptera; Scolytidae; USA, Mississippi; Pest attack; Ecophysiology; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eutypa dieback in grapevines: differential production of acetylenic phenol metabolites by strains of Eutypa lata. AN - 71535039; 11879009 AB - The production of acetylenic phenol metabolites in vitro by three strains of the ascomycete Eutypa lata, the causative agent of dying-arm disease in grapevines, has been investigated. Metabolite composition and yields differed significantly between strains and with growth medium but usually reached a maximum after 24-30 days of fungal growth. A general method for the analysis and identification of metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of their trimethylsilyl ether derivatives was developed and individual compounds were quantitated by analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and separated by preparative HPLC. The phenolic aldehyde, eutypine (1), reported to be the grape phytotoxin, occurred in only one of the strains examined whereas the primary metabolite was the corresponding alcohol, eutypinol (2), the presumptive detoxification product. A novel metabolite was isolated as a major constituent, together with a minor component, and their structures were established by spectroscopic methods as a methoxyquinol, named eulatinol (4), and a chromene analog (9) of 2, respectively. The evidence suggests that 1 is not solely responsible for phytotoxicity in grapevines but that dying-arm disease may result from a suite of compounds elaborated by the fungus, with the composition dependent on fungal strain and nutritional source. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Molyneux, Russell J AU - Mahoney, Noreen AU - Bayman, Paul AU - Wong, Rosalind Y AU - Meyer, Kenneth AU - Irelan, Nancy AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA. molyneux@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03/13/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 13 SP - 1393 EP - 1399 VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Alkynes KW - 0 KW - Benzaldehydes KW - Mycotoxins KW - Phenols KW - eutypine KW - 121007-17-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Benzaldehydes -- metabolism KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Benzaldehydes -- analysis KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Phenols -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- metabolism KW - Ascomycota -- metabolism KW - Vitis -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71535039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Eutypa+dieback+in+grapevines%3A+differential+production+of+acetylenic+phenol+metabolites+by+strains+of+Eutypa+lata.&rft.au=Molyneux%2C+Russell+J%3BMahoney%2C+Noreen%3BBayman%2C+Paul%3BWong%2C+Rosalind+Y%3BMeyer%2C+Kenneth%3BIrelan%2C+Nancy&rft.aulast=Molyneux&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=2002-03-13&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of hormone-sensitive lipase and protein kinase A-mediated lipolysis by perilipin A in an adenoviral reconstituted system. AN - 71500137; 11751901 AB - Perilipin (Peri) A is a phosphoprotein located at the surface of intracellular lipid droplets in adipocytes. Activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) results in the phosphorylation of Peri A and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), the predominant lipase in adipocytes, with concurrent stimulation of adipocyte lipolysis. To investigate the relative contributions of Peri A and HSL in basal and PKA-mediated lipolysis, we utilized NIH 3T3 fibroblasts lacking Peri A and HSL but stably overexpressing acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACS1) and fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1). When incubated with exogenous fatty acids, ACS1/FATP1 cells accumulated 5 times more triacylglycerol (TG) as compared with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Adenoviral-mediated expression of Peri A in ACS1/FATP1 cells enhanced TG accumulation and inhibited lipolysis, whereas expression of HSL fused to green fluorescent protein (GFPHSL) reduced TG accumulation and enhanced lipolysis. Forskolin treatment induced Peri A hyperphosphorylation and abrogated the inhibitory effect of Peri A on lipolysis. Expression of a mutated Peri A Delta 3 (Ser to Ala substitutions at PKA consensus sites Ser-81, Ser-222, and Ser-276) reduced Peri A hyperphosphorylation and blocked constitutive and forskolin-stimulated lipolysis. Thus, perilipin expression and phosphorylation state are critical regulators of lipid storage and hydrolysis in ACS1/FATP1 cells. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Souza, Sandra C AU - Muliro, Kizito V AU - Liscum, Laura AU - Lien, Ping AU - Yamamoto, Mia T AU - Schaffer, Jean E AU - Dallal, Gerard E AU - Wang, Xinzhong AU - Kraemer, Fredric B AU - Obin, Martin AU - Greenberg, Andrew S AD - Jean Meyer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. Y1 - 2002/03/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 08 SP - 8267 EP - 8272 VL - 277 IS - 10 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - ACS1 protein, Haemophilus influenzae KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins KW - Carrier Proteins KW - Perilipin-1 KW - Phosphoproteins KW - Triglycerides KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - Serine KW - 452VLY9402 KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.11 KW - Sterol Esterase KW - EC 3.1.1.13 KW - Alanine KW - OF5P57N2ZX KW - Index Medicus KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Animals KW - Plasmids -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins -- metabolism KW - Alanine -- chemistry KW - Mice KW - Protein Binding KW - Hydrolysis KW - Serine -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Blotting, Western KW - Colforsin -- pharmacology KW - Phosphorylation KW - Triglycerides -- metabolism KW - Cell Line KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Protein Conformation KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Sterol Esterase -- metabolism KW - Phosphoproteins -- metabolism KW - Adenoviridae -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71500137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+hormone-sensitive+lipase+and+protein+kinase+A-mediated+lipolysis+by+perilipin+A+in+an+adenoviral+reconstituted+system.&rft.au=Souza%2C+Sandra+C%3BMuliro%2C+Kizito+V%3BLiscum%2C+Laura%3BLien%2C+Ping%3BYamamoto%2C+Mia+T%3BSchaffer%2C+Jean+E%3BDallal%2C+Gerard+E%3BWang%2C+Xinzhong%3BKraemer%2C+Fredric+B%3BObin%2C+Martin%3BGreenberg%2C+Andrew+S&rft.aulast=Souza&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.date=2002-03-08&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=8267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SO sub(2)-catalyzed steam explosion of corn fiber for ethanol production AN - 807282291; 13857919 AB - Corn fiber, a by-product of the corn wet-milling industry, represents a renewable resource that is readily available in significant quantities and could potentially serve as a low-cost feedstock for the production of fuel-grade alcohol. In this study, we used a batch reactor to steam explode corn fiber at various degrees of severity to evaluate the potential of using this feedstock in the bioconversion process. The results indicated that maximum sugar yields (soluble and following enzymatic hydrolysis) were recovered from corn fiber that was pretreated at 190C for 5 min with 6% SO sub(2). Sequential SO sub(2)-catalyzed steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in very high conversion (81%) of all polysaccharides in the corn fiber to monomeric sugars. Subsequently, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was able to convert the resultant corn fiber hydrolysates to ethanol very efficiently, yielding 90-96% of theoretical conversion during the fermentation process. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Bura, Renata AU - Mansfield, Shawn D AU - Saddler, John N AU - Bothast, Rodney J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, ARS, 1815 N. University Street, 61604, Peoria, IL, shawnman@interchange.ubc.ca Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 59 EP - 72 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 98-100 IS - 1-9 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sustainable yield KW - Sugar KW - Fermentation KW - Steam KW - Polysaccharides KW - Hydrolysis KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Fibers KW - Bioreactors KW - bioconversion KW - Hydrolysates KW - Ethanol KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807282291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=SO+sub%282%29-catalyzed+steam+explosion+of+corn+fiber+for+ethanol+production&rft.au=Bura%2C+Renata%3BMansfield%2C+Shawn+D%3BSaddler%2C+John+N%3BBothast%2C+Rodney+J&rft.aulast=Bura&rft.aufirst=Renata&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=98-100&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A98-100%3A1-9%3A59 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sustainable yield; Sugar; Fibers; Fermentation; Bioreactors; bioconversion; Steam; Polysaccharides; Hydrolysis; Hydrolysates; Ethanol; Saccharomyces cerevisiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:59 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diet, folate, and colon cancer. AN - 72936469; 17033292 AB - Evidence emerging from many different types of experimental designs continues to support the concept that dietary habits and nutritional status play important roles in determining the risk of colorectal cancer. This field of investigation is nevertheless very confusing, particularly because longstanding hypotheses, such as the presumed protective effects of fruits, vegetables, and fiber, have recently been challenged by well-designed prospective trials. The search for individual components in the diet that convey protection continues: calcium, folate, selenium, and omega-3 fatty acids are the leading candidates in this regard. There is also growing interest in other plant-based compounds, so-called phytochemicals, although our understanding of their effects is quite rudimentary at present. Although the inconsistencies in this field make it tempting to minimize its import, there is little question that diet has a major impact on colorectal cancer risk; diligent attention to the rigorous conduct of studies and their interpretation will likely clarify these relationships over the next decade, much to the benefit of public health. JF - Current opinion in gastroenterology AU - Mason, Joel B AD - School of Medicine, Vitamins and Carcinogenesis Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. jmason@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 229 EP - 234 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0267-1379, 0267-1379 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72936469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+gastroenterology&rft.atitle=Diet%2C+folate%2C+and+colon+cancer.&rft.au=Mason%2C+Joel+B&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+gastroenterology&rft.issn=02671379&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-06-22 N1 - Date created - 2006-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vitamin C function and status in chronic disease. AN - 71942299; 12134712 AB - Vitamin C is an essential dietary nutrient required as a co-factor for many enzymes, and humans are among the few animals that lack the ability to synthesize the compound from glucose. The reduced form of the vitamin, ascorbic acid, is an especially effective antioxidant owing to its high electron-donating power and ready conversion back to the active reduced form. Concentrations of the vitamin in body tissues and fluids are regulated through interactions of intestinal absorption, cellular transport, and excretion. The amount of vitamin C needed to prevent scurvy is very small and easily obtained in nearly all Western diets. There is great interest in the clinical roles of vitamin C because of evidence that oxidative damage is a root cause of, or at least associated with, many diseases. Population studies show that individuals with high intakes of vitamin C have lower risk of a number of chronic diseases, including heart disease, cancer, eye diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, these results may simply reflect a more healthful diet or lifestyle for individuals with a high vitamin C intake. At present, data from controlled clinical trials have not established that higher intakes of vitamin C alone will help prevent chronic degenerative diseases. However, the evidence that ascorbic acid acts as an important antioxidant in many body tissues is convincing. The new higher Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin C of 75 mg for women and 90 mg for men is, for the first time, based on the vitamin's role as an antioxidant as well as protection from deficiency. In healthy people, amounts greater than the RDA do not appear to be helpful. Vitamin C nutriture may be more important for people with certain diseases or conditions. High intakes of the vitamin are generally well tolerated; a Tolerable Upper Level was recently set at 2 g based on gastrointestinal upset that sometimes accompanies excessive intakes. JF - Nutrition in clinical care : an official publication of Tufts University AU - Jacob, Robert A AU - Sotoudeh, Gity AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, UC Davis, Department of Pomology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8683, USA. rjacob@whnrc.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 66 EP - 74 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6781, 1096-6781 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Nutritional Status KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Humans KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Nutrition Policy KW - Chronic Disease KW - Maximum Tolerated Dose KW - Immune System -- physiology KW - Ascorbic Acid Deficiency -- prevention & control KW - Antioxidants -- adverse effects KW - Ascorbic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Ascorbic Acid Deficiency -- complications KW - Ascorbic Acid -- physiology KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71942299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.atitle=Vitamin+C+function+and+status+in+chronic+disease.&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Robert+A%3BSotoudeh%2C+Gity&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.issn=10966781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Nutr Clin Care. 2002 Mar-Apr;5(2):47-9 [12134709] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of carotenoids in human health. AN - 71942250; 12134711 AB - Dietary carotenoids are thought to provide health benefits in decreasing the risk of disease, particularly certain cancers and eye disease. The carotenoids that have been most studied in this regard are beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin. In part, the beneficial effects of carotenoids are thought to be due to their role as antioxidants. beta-Carotene may have added benefits due its ability to be converted to vitamin A. Furthermore, lutein and zeaxanthin may be protective in eye disease because they absorb damaging blue light that enters the eye. Food sources of these compounds include a variety of fruits and vegetables, although the primary sources of lycopene are tomato and tomato products. Additionally, egg yolk is a highly bioavailable source of lutein and zeaxanthin. These carotenoids are available in supplement form. However, intervention trials with large doses of beta-carotene found an adverse effect on the incidence of lung cancer in smokers and workers exposed to asbestos. Until the efficacy and safety of taking supplements containing these nutrients can be determined, current dietary recommendations of diets high in fruits and vegetables are advised. JF - Nutrition in clinical care : an official publication of Tufts University AU - Johnson, Elizabeth J AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. ejohnson@hnrc.tufts.edu PY - 2002 SP - 56 EP - 65 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6781, 1096-6781 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Carotenoids KW - 36-88-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Antioxidants -- adverse effects KW - Vegetables -- chemistry KW - Eye Diseases -- etiology KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Carotenoids -- administration & dosage KW - Eye Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Carotenoids -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Fruit -- chemistry KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71942250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Zdenkova%2C+Petra&rft.aulast=Zdenkova&rft.aufirst=Petra&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=978-1339145792&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Early+recollections+of+trauma+survivors%3A+Comparison+of+survivors+of+childhood+and+adulthood+abuse+and+corresponding+personality+themes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Nutr Clin Care. 2002 Mar-Apr;5(2):47-9 [12134709] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An update: vitamin E supplementation and heart disease. AN - 71921365; 12134710 AB - In vitro studies and experiments in animal models provide a large and compelling body of evidence that oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and/or related oxidative mechanisms play a critical role in the initiation and progression of atherogenesis. A corollary to the theory that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species ("free radicals") are the key molecules in this process is that antioxidants that can protect LDL from peroxidation should decrease the risk of developing atherosclerosis, attenuate its progression, or even reverse established disease. However, recently, clinical trials employing the principal lipid-soluble dietary antioxidant, vitamin E, have provided mixed results indicating either benefit, no effect, or an adverse impact on patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Consideration of the design and outcome of these studies together with new reports about the action of antioxidants suggests approaches for new studies as well as a basis for current advice to patients. JF - Nutrition in clinical care : an official publication of Tufts University AU - Blumberg, Jeffrey B AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University Boston, Massachusetts, USA. blumberg@hnrc.tufts.edu PY - 2002 SP - 50 EP - 55 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6781, 1096-6781 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Lipoproteins, LDL KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Lipoproteins, LDL -- metabolism KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Heart Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Antioxidants -- adverse effects KW - Vitamin E -- adverse effects KW - Heart Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Vitamin E -- administration & dosage KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71921365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.atitle=An+update%3A+vitamin+E+supplementation+and+heart+disease.&rft.au=Blumberg%2C+Jeffrey+B&rft.aulast=Blumberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+in+clinical+care+%3A+an+official+publication+of+Tufts+University&rft.issn=10966781&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Nutr Clin Care. 2002 Mar-Apr;5(2):47-9 [12134709] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bayesian analysis and inference from QSAR predictive model results. AN - 71835400; 12074380 AB - QSAR models have been under development for decades but acceptance and utilization of model results have been slow, in part, because there is no widely accepted metric for assessing their reliability. We reapply a method commonly used in quantitative epidemiology and medical decision-making for evaluating the results of screening tests to assess reliability of a QSAR model. It quantifies the accuracy (expressed as sensitivity and specificity) of QSAR models as conditional probabilities of correct and incorrect classification of chemical characteristic, given a true characteristic. Using Bayes formula, these conditional probabilities are combined with prior information to generate a posterior distribution to determine the probability a specific chemical has a particular characteristic, given a model prediction. As an example, we apply this approach to evaluate the predictive reliability of a CATABOL model and base on it a "ready" and "not ready" biodegradability classification. Finally, we show how predictive capability of the model can be improved by sequential use of two models, the first one with high sensitivity and the second with high specificity. JF - SAR and QSAR in environmental research AU - McDowell, R M AU - Jaworska, J S AD - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA. robert.m.mcdowell@usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 111 EP - 125 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1062-936X, 1062-936X KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Bayes Theorem KW - Forecasting KW - Decision Making KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacology KW - Models, Chemical KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71835400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAR+and+QSAR+in+environmental+research&rft.atitle=Bayesian+analysis+and+inference+from+QSAR+predictive+model+results.&rft.au=McDowell%2C+R+M%3BJaworska%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SAR+and+QSAR+in+environmental+research&rft.issn=1062936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosecurity for arthropod-borne diseases. AN - 71820613; 12064172 AB - Arthropod-borne diseases (ABD) of cattle include those pathogens transmitted mechanically and biologically from one bovine to another or from other species to cattle. This article provides examples of the more common ABD of North America and reviews strategies to prevent entry of ABD onto cattle operations and control transmission of ABD once established on cattle operations using an integrated approach. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - McCluskey, Brian J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, 555 South Howes Street, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. Brian.J.Mccluskey@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 99 EP - 114, vi-vii VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Animal Husbandry -- standards KW - Risk Factors KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Communicable Disease Control KW - Disease Reservoirs KW - Risk Assessment KW - Communicable Diseases -- veterinary KW - Arthropod Vectors -- parasitology KW - Arthropod Vectors -- microbiology KW - Cattle Diseases -- parasitology KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Cattle Diseases -- microbiology KW - Communicable Diseases -- transmission KW - Arthropod Vectors -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71820613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Biosecurity+for+arthropod-borne+diseases.&rft.au=McCluskey%2C+Brian+J&rft.aulast=McCluskey&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrous oxide and ammonia fluxes in a soybean field irrigated with swine effluent. AN - 71583104; 11931443 AB - In the United States, swine (Sus scrofa) operations produce more than 14 Tg of manure each year. About 30% of this manure is stored in anaerobic lagoons before application to land. While land application of manure supplies nutrients for crop production, it may lead to gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Our objectives were to quantify gaseous fluxes of NH3 and N2O from effluent applications under field conditions. Three applications of swine effluent were applied to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Brim'] and gaseous fluxes were determined from gas concentration profiles and the flux-gradient gas transport technique. About 12% of ammonium (NH4-N) in the effluent was lost through drift or secondary volatilization of NH3 during irrigation. An additional 23% was volatilized within 48 h of application. Under conditions of low windspeed and with the wind blowing from the lagoon to the field, atmospheric concentrations of NH3 increased and the crop absorbed NH3 at the rate of 1.2 kg NH3 ha(-1) d(-1), which was 22 to 33% of the NH3 emitted from the lagoon during these periods. Nitrous oxide emissions were low before effluent applications (0.016 g N2O-N ha(-1) d(-1)) and increased to 25 to 38 g N2O-N ha(-1) d(-1) after irrigation. Total N2O emissions during the measurement period were 4.1 kg N2O-N ha(-1), which was about 1.5% of total N applied. The large losses of NH3 and N2O illustrate the difficulty of basing effluent irrigation schedules on N concentrations and that NH3 emissions can significantly contribute to N enrichment of the environment. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Sharpe, R R AU - Harper, L A AD - Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Center, USDA-ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA. rsharpe@arches.uga.edu PY - 2002 SP - 524 EP - 532 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Anesthetics, Inhalation KW - Manure KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Nitrous Oxide KW - K50XQU1029 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Agriculture KW - Animals KW - Water Supply KW - Volatilization KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Wind KW - Soybeans KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Waste Disposal, Fluid KW - Anesthetics, Inhalation -- analysis KW - Nitrous Oxide -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71583104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Nitrous+oxide+and+ammonia+fluxes+in+a+soybean+field+irrigated+with+swine+effluent.&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+R+R%3BHarper%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of potentially mobile phosphorus in arable soils using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance. AN - 71575947; 11931433 AB - In many intensive agroecosystems continued inputs of phosphorus (P) over many years can significantly increase soil P concentrations and the risk of P loss to surface waters. For this study we used solid-state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-power decoupling with magic angle spinning (HPDec-MAS) NMR, and cross polarization with magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR to determine the chemical nature of potentially mobile P associated with aluminum (Al) and calcium (Ca) in selected arable soils. Three soils with a range of bicarbonate-extractable Olsen P concentrations (40-102 mg P kg(-1)) were obtained from a long-term field experiment on continuous root crops at Rothamsted, UK, established in 1843 (sampled 1958). This soil has a threshold or change point at 59 mg Olsen P kg(-1), above which potentially mobile P (as determined by extraction with water or 0.01 M CaCl2) increases much more per unit increase in Olsen P than below this point. Results showed that CaCl2 and water preferentially extracted Al-P and Ca-P forms, respectively, from the soils. Comparison among the different soils also indicated that potentially mobile P above the threshold was largely present as a combination of soluble and loosely adsorbed (protonated-cross polarized) P forms largely associated with Ca, such as monetite (CaHPO4) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4-2H2O), and some Al-associated P as wavellite. The findings of this study demonstrate that solid-state NMR has the potential to provide accurate information on the chemical nature of soil P species and their potential mobility. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - McDowell, R W AU - Condron, L M AU - Mahieu, N AU - Brookes, P C AU - Poulton, P R AU - Sharpley, A N AD - USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA. richard.mcdowell@agresearch.co.nz PY - 2002 SP - 450 EP - 456 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Agriculture KW - Solubility KW - Phosphorus -- chemistry KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- methods KW - Phosphorus -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71575947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+potentially+mobile+phosphorus+in+arable+soils+using+solid+state+nuclear+magnetic+resonance.&rft.au=McDowell%2C+R+W%3BCondron%2C+L+M%3BMahieu%2C+N%3BBrookes%2C+P+C%3BPoulton%2C+P+R%3BSharpley%2C+A+N&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate and efficacy of polyacrylamide applied in furrow irrigation: full-advance and continuous treatments. AN - 71568094; 11931460 AB - Polyacrylamide (PAM) is applied to 400000 irrigated hectares annually in the USA to control irrigation-induced erosion, yet the fate of dissolved PAM applied in irrigation water is not well documented. We determined the fate of PAM added to furrow streams under two treatments: Initial-10, 10 mg L(-1) PAM product applied only during the initial hours of the irrigation, and Cont-1, 1.0 mg L(-1) PAM product applied continuously during the entire irrigation. The study measured PAM concentrations in 167-m-long PAM-treated furrow streams and along a 530-m tail ditch that received this runoff. Soil was Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) with 1.5% slope. Samples were taken at three times during the irrigations, both during and after PAM application. Polyacrylamide was adsorbed to soil and removed from solution as the streams traversed the soil-lined channels. The removal rate increased with stream sediment concentration. Stream sediment concentrations were higher when PAM concentrations were 6 mg L(-1) PAM a.i., stream sediment concentrations were minimal and PAM concentrations did not change down the furrow, though they decreased to undetectable levels within 0.5 h after application ceased. One percent of applied PAM was lost in tail-ditch runoff. This loss could have been eliminated by treating only the furrow advance or not treating the last two irrigations. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Lentz, Rodrick D AU - Sojka, Robert E AU - Mackey, Bruce E AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab., Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. lentz@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 661 EP - 670 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Acrylic Resins KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Water Pollutants KW - polyacrylamide KW - 9003-05-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Agriculture KW - Solubility KW - Water Movements KW - Adsorption KW - Conservation of Natural Resources KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Acrylic Resins -- chemistry KW - Water Supply KW - Acrylic Resins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71568094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Fate+and+efficacy+of+polyacrylamide+applied+in+furrow+irrigation%3A+full-advance+and+continuous+treatments.&rft.au=Lentz%2C+Rodrick+D%3BSojka%2C+Robert+E%3BMackey%2C+Bruce+E&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=Rodrick&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of spoilage microorganisms in fresh beef using hydrodynamic pressure processing. AN - 71539627; 11899060 AB - Hydrodynamic pressure processing (HDP) was investigated as a technology to reduce spoilage microorganisms found in fresh beef. In two separate studies (studies 1 and 2), retail ground beef and beef roasts were purchased (day 0). The roasts were divided into stew pieces (30 to 40 g). All meat samples, including control samples, were stored at 5 degrees C for 20 h in a plastic film. After storage, designated samples were treated with HDP In study 3, ground beef was treated with HDP (day 0) and stored aerobically (5 degrees C) for 14 days with control samples. Each meat type was vacuum-packaged for HDP (100 g binary explosive, steel shock wave container). The pHs and the aerobic plate counts (log10 CFU/g) were measured on day 0 (studies I and 2) and on days 0, 7, and 14 (study 3) for control samples and for HDP-treated samples. There was no pH difference between control and HDP-treated meat types (studies 1 and 2); HDP reduced bacteria in both meat types in study 1 (2 log) and study 2 (1.5 log) on day 0. In study 3, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in pH between control meat (8.2) and HDP-treated meat (5.6) after storage. There was an immediate reduction (1.5 log) of microorganisms following HDP (day 0) and a 4.5-log difference between control samples (9 log) and HDP-treated samples (4.5) after 14 days of storage. With HDP, it is possible to reduce spoilage microorganisms found in or on different meat types (ground beef versus stew pieces), which could extend the shelf life of meat products. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Williams-Campbell, Anisha M AU - Solomon, Morse B AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. acampbel@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 571 EP - 574 VL - 65 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Food Technology -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Pressure KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71539627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+spoilage+microorganisms+in+fresh+beef+using+hydrodynamic+pressure+processing.&rft.au=Williams-Campbell%2C+Anisha+M%3BSolomon%2C+Morse+B&rft.aulast=Williams-Campbell&rft.aufirst=Anisha&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of diacetyl and carbon dioxide on spoilage microflora in ground beef. AN - 71539280; 11899051 AB - The effect of CO2 and diacetyl, alone or in combination, on spoilage microflora in ground beef was determined. Ground beef was treated with 20, 30, or 40% CO2 for 22 days (study I); 20, 50, or 100 microg/g diacetyl for 26 days (study II); or a combination of 20% CO2 and 100 microglg diacetyl for 40 days (study III). Antimicrobial effectiveness was determined by aerobic plate counts (log10 CFU/g) using plate count agar (total aerobic bacteria), deMan Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) Lactobacillus agar (gram-positive bacteria), MacConkey agar (gram-negative bacteria), pH, and informal organoleptic assessments (by appearance and by odor). In study I, total bacteria and pH increased by day 4 in control meat samples. For all CO2 levels, gram-negative bacteria decreased and gram-positive bacteria increased compared with untreated controls. The pH remained constant for CO2-treated meat. Control samples had an off-odor and a brown appearance, while CO2-treated samples had no off-odor but did have a brown appearance. For samples treated with diacetyl (study II), spoilage was evident by day 7 for samples treated with 0, 20. and 50 microg/g diacetyl for all parameters examined. Ground beef treated with 100 microg/g diacetyl was spoiled on day 12. Diacetyl was detected (by odor) in samples that were treated with 100 microg/g diacetyl and had a brown appearance. Meat samples treated with the combination of CO2 and diacetyl (study III) showed that the addition of diacetyl did not have an additive effect on microbial growth. Combination-treated meat maintained a red appearance and no off-odor. Diacetyl and CO2 could be used in combination to maintain a red color and inhibit spoilage microorganisms. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Williams-Campbell, Anisha M AU - Jay, James M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. acampbel@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 523 EP - 527 VL - 65 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Diacetyl KW - K324J5K4HM KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Food Packaging -- methods KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - Odorants KW - Color KW - Diacetyl -- pharmacology KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Gram-Positive Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Carbon Dioxide -- pharmacology KW - Gram-Positive Bacteria -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71539280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effects+of+diacetyl+and+carbon+dioxide+on+spoilage+microflora+in+ground+beef.&rft.au=Williams-Campbell%2C+Anisha+M%3BJay%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Williams-Campbell&rft.aufirst=Anisha&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-contamination of lettuce with Escherichia coli O157:H7. AN - 71532826; 11899044 AB - Contamination of produce by bacterial pathogens is an increasingly recognized problem. In March 1999, 72 patrons of a Nebraska restaurant were infected with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7, and shredded iceberg lettuce was implicated as the food source. We simulated the restaurant's lettuce preparation procedure to determine the extent of possible EHEC cross-contamination and growth during handling. EHEC inoculation experiments were conducted to simulate the restaurant's cutting procedure and the subsequent storage of shredded lettuce in water in the refrigerator. All lettuce pieces were contaminated after 24 h of storage in inoculated water (2 x 10(9) CFU of EHEC per 3 liters of water) at room temperature or at 4 degrees C; EHEC levels associated with lettuce increased by > 1.5 logs on the second day of storage at 4 degrees C. All lettuce pieces were contaminated after 24 h of storage in water containing one inoculated lettuce piece (approximately 10(5) CFU of EHEC per lettuce piece) at both temperatures. The mixing of one inoculated dry lettuce piece with a large volume of dry lettuce, followed by storage at 4 degrees C or 25 degrees C for 20 h resulted in 100% contamination of the leaves tested. Microcolonies were observed on lettuce stored at 25 degrees C, while only single cells were seen on leaves stored at 4 degrees C, suggesting that bacterial growth had occurred at room temperature. Three water washes did not significantly decrease the number of contaminated leaves. Washing with 2,000 mg of calcium hypochlorite per liter significantly reduced the number of contaminated pieces but did not eliminate contamination on large numbers of leaves. Temperature abuse during storage at 25 degrees C for 20 h decreased the effectiveness of the calcium hypochlorite treatment, most likely because of bacterial growth during the storage period. These data indicate that storage of cut lettuce in water is not advisable and that strict attention must be paid to temperature control during the storage of cut lettuce. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Wachtel, Marian R AU - Charkowski, Amy O AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California 94710, USA. wachtelm@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 465 EP - 470 VL - 65 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Calcium Compounds KW - 0 KW - calcium hypochlorite KW - 11DXB629VZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Temperature KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Lettuce -- microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Calcium Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71532826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Cross-contamination+of+lettuce+with+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7.&rft.au=Wachtel%2C+Marian+R%3BCharkowski%2C+Amy+O&rft.aulast=Wachtel&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation resistance of virulence plasmid-containing and plasmid-less Yersinia enterocolitica. AN - 71532527; 11899057 AB - Yersinia enterocolitica, a foodborne pathogen, can be eliminated from meat by ionizing radiation. Y. enterocolitica sometimes contains a 70-kb virulence plasmid that encodes genes for a type III secretion channel and host immune suppression factors. The radiation resistance of virulence plasmid-containing and plasmid-less Y. enterocolitica was determined. Four Y. enterocolitica serotypes containing (i) the large virulence plasmid, and (ii) their plasmid-less derivatives were inoculated into raw ground pork, which was then vacuum packed and irradiated at 4 degrees C to doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 kGy. The D10-value, the radiation dose required to reduce the number of viable Y. enterocolitica by 90%, was not dependent on the presence or absence of the virulence plasmid, but it did differ among the four Y. enterocolitica serotypes. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Sommers, Christopher H AU - Novak, John S AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. csommers@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 556 EP - 559 VL - 65 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Swine KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Food Irradiation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Plasmids KW - Yersinia enterocolitica -- physiology KW - Yersinia enterocolitica -- radiation effects KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Yersinia enterocolitica -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71532527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Radiation+resistance+of+virulence+plasmid-containing+and+plasmid-less+Yersinia+enterocolitica.&rft.au=Sommers%2C+Christopher+H%3BNovak%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Sommers&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Escherichia coli associated with a cabbage crop inadvertently irrigated with partially treated sewage wastewater. AN - 71528385; 11899045 AB - Preharvest contamination of field crops may have many sources, including feces, soil, and irrigation water. In March 2000, a sewage spill released unchlorinated tertiary-treated effluent into a creek used to irrigate commercial produce. A field of young cabbage transplants was irrigated with creek water as the contaminated water flowed past this land. Cabbage samples were taken from plots within this field, and Escherichia coli was isolated from the roots of these plants but not from the edible portion of the cabbage. No E. coli was isolated from water samples or from control samples taken from a nearby cabbage field watered with chlorinated municipal water. The cabbage field under study had not been fertilized with manure for at least 2 years prior to the contamination incident. Six different E. coli serotypes were identified, although none of them proved to be pathogenic. These serotypes were separated into five groups by a RiboPrinter; the resulting groups correlated well with the serotypes and the locations in the field from which these strains were isolated. We previously found that certain nonpathogenic E. coli strains displayed lower levels of adherence to lettuce seedling roots in a hydroponic adherence assay. The E. coli field strains displayed variable patterns of adherence to lettuce seedlings: strain MW421 showed significantly lower root and shoot adherence levels than did the other field strains, while strains MW423 and MW425 showed significantly higher root and shoot adherence levels. These data suggest that water quality is of paramount importance for the food safety of growing crops. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Wachtel, Marian R AU - Whitehand, Linda C AU - Mandrell, Robert E AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California 94710, USA. wachtelm@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 471 EP - 475 VL - 65 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Sewage KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Sewage -- microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination KW - Serotyping KW - Bacterial Adhesion KW - Plant Roots -- microbiology KW - Water Microbiology KW - Prevalence KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli -- classification KW - Brassica -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71528385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Escherichia+coli+associated+with+a+cabbage+crop+inadvertently+irrigated+with+partially+treated+sewage+wastewater.&rft.au=Wachtel%2C+Marian+R%3BWhitehand%2C+Linda+C%3BMandrell%2C+Robert+E&rft.aulast=Wachtel&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant sterols and blood lipid levels. AN - 71453886; 11844980 AB - Plant sterols have recently been recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Panel for use with the more traditional approaches of limiting saturated fat and cholesterol intakes, maintaining a healthy body weight and engaging in regular exercise, as a non-pharmacological approach to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Recent data confirm the original observation that approximately 1.6 g of plant sterol esters per day results in a maximal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering of approximately 10%. Few side-effects of plant sterols have been reported, with the exception of decreased levels of circulating carotenoids. JF - Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care AU - Lichtenstein, Alice H AD - Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. lichtenstein@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 147 EP - 152 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1363-1950, 1363-1950 KW - Anticholesteremic Agents KW - 0 KW - Cholesterol, LDL KW - Lipids KW - Phytosterols KW - Carotenoids KW - 36-88-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Carotenoids -- blood KW - Humans KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Anticholesteremic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anticholesteremic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Absorption -- drug effects KW - Anticholesteremic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Phytosterols -- pharmacology KW - Lipids -- blood KW - Phytosterols -- therapeutic use KW - Cholesterol, LDL -- blood KW - Cholesterol, LDL -- drug effects KW - Phytosterols -- adverse effects KW - Hypercholesterolemia -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71453886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+clinical+nutrition+and+metabolic+care&rft.atitle=Plant+sterols+and+blood+lipid+levels.&rft.au=Lichtenstein%2C+Alice+H&rft.aulast=Lichtenstein&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+clinical+nutrition+and+metabolic+care&rft.issn=13631950&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inoculation of chicks with viable non-colonizing strains of Campylobacter jejuni: evaluation of protection against a colonizing strain. AN - 71418520; 11821932 AB - We have treated chicks with viable non-colonizing mutant strains of Campylobacter jejuni to test these as a possible vaccine. We found that intramuscular inoculation with and without adjuvant, and with or without a concomitant oral dose of non-colonizing strains, failed to provoke protective immunity. JF - Current microbiology AU - Ziprin, Richard L AU - Hume, Michael E AU - Young, Colin R AU - Harvey, Roger B AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA. ziprin@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 221 EP - 223 VL - 44 IS - 3 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Vaccines KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Digestive System -- immunology KW - Animals KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- administration & dosage KW - Food Microbiology KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Injections, Intramuscular KW - Digestive System -- microbiology KW - Bacterial Vaccines -- administration & dosage KW - Mutation KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- genetics KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- immunology KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Chickens -- immunology KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71418520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+microbiology&rft.atitle=Inoculation+of+chicks+with+viable+non-colonizing+strains+of+Campylobacter+jejuni%3A+evaluation+of+protection+against+a+colonizing+strain.&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+Richard+L%3BHume%2C+Michael+E%3BYoung%2C+Colin+R%3BHarvey%2C+Roger+B&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Culture of Mexican Migration: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis AN - 60081567; 200211041 AB - Many field investigators have observed the evolution of a "culture of migration" in certain Mexican communities characterized by a high rate of outmigration to the US. In such communities, international migration becomes so deeply rooted that the prospect of transnational movement becomes normative: young people "expect" to live & work in the US at some point in their lives. Males, especially, come to see migration as a normal part of the life course, representing a marker of the transition to manhood, in addition to being a widely accepted vehicle for economic mobility. International migration is cultural in the sense that the aspiration to migrate is transmitted across generations & between people through social networks. In this article, we develop a formal theory of the culture of migration & test it using a special data set collected by the first author as well as data from the Mexican Migration Project. We show that children from families involved in US migration are more likely to aspire to live & work in the US & that these aspirations, in turn, influence their behavior, lowering the odds that they will continue in school, & raising the odds of their eventual outmigration to the US. 7 Tables, 1 Appendix, 25 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Forces AU - Kandel, William AU - Massey, Douglas S AD - Economic Research Service, US Dept Agriculture, Washington, DC wkandel@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 981 EP - 1004 VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 0037-7732, 0037-7732 KW - Migration Patterns KW - Emigration KW - Mexico KW - Latin American Cultural Groups KW - United States of America KW - Social Influence KW - Cultural Transmission KW - article KW - 0410: group interactions; social group identity & intergroup relations (groups based on race & ethnicity, age, & sexual orientation) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60081567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Forces&rft.atitle=The+Culture+of+Mexican+Migration%3A+A+Theoretical+and+Empirical+Analysis&rft.au=Kandel%2C+William%3BMassey%2C+Douglas+S&rft.aulast=Kandel&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=981&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Forces&rft.issn=00377732&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SOFOAP N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Latin American Cultural Groups; Emigration; Migration Patterns; Cultural Transmission; Social Influence; United States of America; Mexico ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil maps and soil surveys AN - 51168583; 2002-050871 JF - Information Bulletin - Western Association of Map Libraries AU - Schneider, Sheri Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - March 2002 SP - 86 EP - 90 PB - Western Association of Map Libraries, Provo, UT VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0049-7282, 0049-7282 KW - United States KW - soils KW - technology KW - cartography KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - information management KW - World Wide Web KW - U. S. Department of Agriculture KW - publications KW - digital cartography KW - soil surveys KW - surveys KW - Natural Resources Conservation Service KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51168583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Information+Bulletin+-+Western+Association+of+Map+Libraries&rft.atitle=Soil+maps+and+soil+surveys&rft.au=Schneider%2C+Sheri&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Sheri&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Information+Bulletin+-+Western+Association+of+Map+Libraries&rft.issn=00497282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - UT N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cartography; data processing; digital cartography; government agencies; information management; mapping; Natural Resources Conservation Service; publications; soil surveys; soils; surveys; technology; U. S. Department of Agriculture; United States; World Wide Web ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest Management in the 21st Century: Changing Numbers, Changing Context AN - 19913529; 5461509 AB - Results from the fifth Resources Planning Act (RPA) Timber Assessment suggest that we face a future nearly the reverse of that anticipated in the Forest Service's first post-World War II assessment completed five decades ago, with a growing abundance of softwoods but a regionally restricted supply of hardwoods. Both the bulk of the softwood harvest expansion and the set of limitations in hardwood supply are in the US South. Assessment results also provide insights on trends in some measures of sustainable forest management, timber supply complexities in western forest health issues on public lands, the impacts of forest fragmentation, and the preeminence of private lands in national timber supply. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Haynes, R W AD - Program Manager Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, PO Box 3890 Portland, OR 97208, USA, rhaynes@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 38 EP - 43 VL - 100 IS - 2 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Forest products KW - Forest management KW - USA KW - Planning KW - Softwoods KW - Wood KW - Hardwoods KW - Fragmentation KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19913529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Forest+Management+in+the+21st+Century%3A+Changing+Numbers%2C+Changing+Context&rft.au=Haynes%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest products; Forest management; Planning; Softwoods; Wood; Hardwoods; Fragmentation; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating nonpoint source pollution: An application of a sequential entropy filter AN - 19815341; 5398599 AB - This paper develops a sequential entropy filter for disaggregating nonpoint sources from ambient data. A numerical simulation based on sediment loading is provided to illustrate the ability of the sequential entropy filter to recover the underlying parameters and optimally disaggregate ambient sediment load among nonpoint sources. In the process we show the equivalence of this sequential entropy filter with Bayes' theorem and, given this equivalence, argue that the sequential entropy filter is more applicable than traditional Bayesian estimators are when the parameter distributions are unknown or when the sample is undersized, which is typically the case when dealing with natural resource data. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Kaplan, J D AU - Howitt, R E AD - Resource Economics Division, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington D. C., USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Theoretical Analysis KW - Sediment pollution KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Loading KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Pollution Load KW - Simulation KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Filters KW - Mathematical Studies KW - Natural resources KW - Sediment Load KW - Load Distribution KW - Data Interpretation KW - Pollution (Water) KW - Sediment/water system KW - Entropy KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19815341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Estimating+nonpoint+source+pollution%3A+An+application+of+a+sequential+entropy+filter&rft.au=Kaplan%2C+J+D%3BHowitt%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2000WR000088 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Sediment pollution; Natural resources; Simulation; Nonpoint pollution; Loading; Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Pollution (Water); Entropy; Sediment/water system; Theoretical Analysis; Mathematical Studies; Water Pollution Sources; Load Distribution; Sediment Load; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Pollution Load; Data Interpretation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000WR000088 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling coarse woody debris for multiple attributes in extensive resource inventories AN - 18624770; 5533497 AB - Information on the amount, distribution, and characteristics of coarse woody debris (CWD) in forest ecosystems is in high demand by wildlife biologists, fire specialists, and ecologists. In its important role in wildlife habitat, fuel loading, forest productivity, and carbon sequestration, CWD is an indicator of forest health. Because of this, the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program recognized the need to collect data on CWD in their extensive resource inventories. This paper describes a sampling method, measurement protocols, and estimation procedures to collect and compile data on CWD attributes within FIA's forest inventory. The line-intersect method was used to sample CWD inside the boundaries of the standard inventory field plot. Previously published equations were customized to allow for easy calculation of per-unit-area values, such as biomass and carbon per hectare, log density per hectare, or volume per hectare, for each plot. These estimates are associated with all other information recorded or calculated for an inventory plot. This allows for indepth analysis of CWD data in relation to stand level characteristics. The data on CWD can be used to address current, relevant issues such as criteria no. 5 outlined in the 1994 Montreal process and the 1995 Santiago declaration. This criteria assesses the contribution of forests to the global carbon cycle by measuring such indicators as CWD, live plant biomass, and soil carbon. JF - Ecological Indicators AU - Waddell, K L AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208-3890, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 139 EP - 153 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1470-160X, 1470-160X KW - coarse woody debris KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - D 04120:Woodlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18624770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Indicators&rft.atitle=Sampling+coarse+woody+debris+for+multiple+attributes+in+extensive+resource+inventories&rft.au=Waddell%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Waddell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Indicators&rft.issn=1470160X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1470-160X%2801%2900012-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-160X(01)00012-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil redox, pH, temperature, and water-table patterns of a freshwater tidal wetland AN - 18564117; 5385088 AB - Knowledge of wetland hydrology, soil redox potential, pH, and temperature dynamics are key components required to understand the capacity of tidal wetlands to function, in particular to attenuate agrichemicals. In a freshwater tidal wetland along the James River in Virginia, USA, redox potential, pH, water-table level, and soil temperature were monitored continuously at two depths (20 and 50 cm) at three sites during a 12-month period from September 1, 1997 to August 31, 1998. Redox potentials were at or below -150 mV (methanogenic or sulfate reducing conditions) at the 50-cm depth during the entire monitoring period. At the 20-cm depth, redox potentials remained highly reducing 95% of the time. The soil is continuously wet throughout the year, with the water-table level above the 20-cm soil depth for 95% of the time. Water-table level or hydrology was the primary factor controlling fluctuations in the redox state. Soil pH values were generally between 6 and 8, and they dropped 1 pH unit upon an oxidation event, which was reversible. Soil temperature at the 50-cm depth never dropped below 5 degree C, indicating a year-round biological activity season. This wetland supports a large diversity of plant species. Permanently reduced sub-surfaces, year-round biological activity, and large organic matter accumulations are characteristic features of this freshwater tidal wetland. JF - Wetlands AU - Seybold, CA AU - Mersie, W AU - Huang, J AU - McNamee, C AD - USDA-NRCS, Oregon State University, ALS Bldg., Rm. 3017, Corvallis, Oregon, USA 97331 Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 149 EP - 158 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Freshwater tidal marsh KW - USA, Virginia, James R. KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q2 02171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18564117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Soil+redox%2C+pH%2C+temperature%2C+and+water-table+patterns+of+a+freshwater+tidal+wetland&rft.au=Seybold%2C+CA%3BMersie%2C+W%3BHuang%2C+J%3BMcNamee%2C+C&rft.aulast=Seybold&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population exposures to I-131 releases from Hanford Nuclear Reservation and preterm birth, infant mortality, and fetal deaths AN - 18488826; 5451268 AB - Communities surrounding the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in southeastern Washington were exposed to radionuclides, particularly iodine-131, released during the period 1945 to 1951. This study evaluated whether estimated iodine-131 exposures were risk factors for infant mortality, fetal death, and preterm birth in the years of highest releases, 1945 and 1946. Data on births, fetal deaths, and infant deaths, during the period 1940 to 1950, were abstracted from vital records for an eight county area surrounding the Hanford facility. The analysis included 56,320 births, 1,656 infant deaths, and 806 fetal deaths. The Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction project provided iodine-131 dose estimates for the 1,102 grid areas in the study area. The grid areas were collapsed into 4 exposure groups using estimated exposure to iodine-131 during 1945. Each birth and death record was assigned to one of the four grid groups based on mother's residence at the time of birth. Comparisons of preterm birth, infant death, and fetal death rates were made among the grid groupings for the primary exposure period (1945 to 1946) and for other years of the study period (i. e., 1940 to 1944 and 1947 to 1950). In the grid group with the highest estimated iodine-131 exposures, the mother's residence during the latter part of pregnancy was associated with preterm birth (OR=1.74, 95% CI=1.09-2.72). An association with infant mortality (OR=1.26, 95% CI=0.79-1.97) was suggested. No association was found for fetal deaths. This study found that iodine-131 exposure was associated with increased risk of preterm birth. This finding is biologically plausible because other studies have found that: (1) iodine-131 exposure can cause hypothyroidism, and (2) overt or subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy can increase a mother's risk of a preterm delivery. JF - International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health AU - Tatham, L M AU - Bove, F J AU - Kaye, W E AU - Spengler, R F AD - Veterinary Services, APHIS, USDA, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 41 EP - 48 VL - 205 IS - 1-2 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Hanford Nuclear Reservation KW - iodine-131 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18488826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Hygiene+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Population+exposures+to+I-131+releases+from+Hanford+Nuclear+Reservation+and+preterm+birth%2C+infant+mortality%2C+and+fetal+deaths&rft.au=Tatham%2C+L+M%3BBove%2C+F+J%3BKaye%2C+W+E%3BSpengler%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Tatham&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Hygiene+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/10.1078%2F1438-4639-00128 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1438-4639-00128 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective In Vivo Depletion of CD4 super(+) T Lymphocytes with Anti-CD4 Monoclonal Antibody during Acute Infection of Calves with Anaplasma marginale AN - 18471582; 5439555 AB - To investigate the in vivo role of CD4 super(+) T lymphocytes during acute anaplasmosis, thymectomized calves were selectively depleted of CD4 super(+) T lymphocytes by treatment with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MAb) and were then infected with the Florida strain of Anaplasma marginale in two sequential experiments (experiments 1 and 2). Treatment of thymectomized calves with a total of 5.0 mg of anti-CD4 MAb/kg of body weight during the 1st week followed by 0.3-mg/kg doses administered twice weekly for 7 weeks resulted in significant depletion of CD3 super(+) CD4 super(+) and CD4 super(+) CD45R super(+) (naive) T lymphocytes from blood, spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes for the duration of the 8-week study, compared to the results for thymectomized control calves treated with a subclass-matched MAb. All calves became parasitemic and pyretic following experimental infection with A. marginale, and decreases in packed cell volume (PCV) coincided with peak parasitemia. No significant differences in PCV or parasitemia were observed between treatment groups. Thymectomized calves treated with anti-CD4 MAb were able to mount an anti-A. marginale antibody response, although in experiment 2, anti-CD4 MAb-treated calves had four- to sixfold lower immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and no detectable IgG2 anti-A. marginale major surface protein 2-specific antibody titers compared to thymectomized control calves treated with a subclass-matched MAb. At the level of CD4 super(+)-T-lymphocyte depletion achieved and experimental anaplasmosis induced, thymectomized anti-CD4 MAb-treated calves were able to control acute anaplasmosis. This was in contrast to the prediction that significant depletion of CD4 super(+) T lymphocytes would abrogate resistance to acute infection. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Valdez, R A AU - McGuire, T C AU - Brown, W C AU - Davis, W C AU - Jordan, J M AU - Knowles, D P AD - Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA/ARS, P.O. Box 646630, Pullman, WA 99164- 6630, reg@vetmed.wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 417 EP - 424 VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - CD4 antigen KW - cattle KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18471582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Selective+In+Vivo+Depletion+of+CD4+super%28%2B%29+T+Lymphocytes+with+Anti-CD4+Monoclonal+Antibody+during+Acute+Infection+of+Calves+with+Anaplasma+marginale&rft.au=Valdez%2C+R+A%3BMcGuire%2C+T+C%3BBrown%2C+W+C%3BDavis%2C+W+C%3BJordan%2C+J+M%3BKnowles%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Valdez&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.9.2.417-424.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.9.2.417-424.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Island biogeography and metapopulation dynamics of Bahamian ants AN - 18404055; 5391514 AB - I examined the island biogeography and metapopulation dynamics of ants inhabiting two archipelagos of small Bahamian islands. Of particular interest were measurement and comparison of turnover rates, examination of variation in relative population abundances, and the effect of a hurricane force disturbance on the ant fauna of these small islands. Archipelagos of small islands in the central Exumas and near the northeast coast of Andros, Bahamas. Ants occupying small islands were surveyed using tuna and honey baits. I surveyed ninety-three islands in the Exumas in 1998 and fifty-eight islands at Andros in 1999, to compare with earlier surveys in both regions. The proportions of baits occupied were used as a measure of relative population abundance. A subset of seventeen small islands in the Exumas was surveyed in 1999 in the aftermath of Hurricane Floyd. Mean annual relative turnover rates were low: < 2.5% year super(-1) on a per island basis, and < 7% year super(-1) on a per species basis. Rates of immigration and extinction were similar, although immigrations exceeded extinctions in some comparisons. Relative population abundances of the two most common ant species varied inversely with each other. One species revealed a strong positive correlation with recent rainfall, whereas another varied strongly inversely. No extinctions of ants occurred on the seventeen small islands surveyed after Hurricane Floyd. Ants were found to be ubiquitous in this system, occurring on almost all vegetated islands. Ant populations were persistent over the period of study, and species rarely became extinct or colonized islands. The few instances of turnover observed appeared to occur randomly with respect to physical island characteristics. The correlational data suggest an interaction of interspecific competition and precipitation affect relative population abundances. Ants were found to be resistant to hurricane-force disturbances. In the short term (one decade), the ant fauna of these islands appears to be in a state of static equilibrium, although non-equilibrial dynamics may better characterize the system over longer time periods (several decades). JF - Journal of Biogeography AU - Morrison, L W AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, PO Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA, lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 387 EP - 394 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0305-0270, 0305-0270 KW - Ants KW - Hymenoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18404055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.atitle=Island+biogeography+and+metapopulation+dynamics+of+Bahamian+ants&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biogeography&rft.issn=03050270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial diversity along a transect of agronomic zones AN - 18402359; 5396373 AB - The diversity of microbial communities constitutes a critical component of good soil-management practices. To characterize the effects of different management practices, molecular indicators such as phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were used to analyze bacterial community structure and diversity from four eastern Washington State soils. Samples from four sites were collected representing a transect of high-precipitation to low-precipitation areas that covered different agronomic zones with different management and cropping practices. Biomass amounts estimated from extractable PLFA were significantly higher in the no-till (NT) soil than in the conventional-till (CT) soil. Similarities among the different 16S rDNA DGGE band profiles were analyzed quantitatively using correspondence analysis and this confirmed that the CT soil was the most dissimilar soil. DGGE analysis of 16S rDNA ammonia-oxidizing bacteria from the four soils revealed two identical bands, indicating little effect of agronomic practices and precipitation on these species. A second set of primers, specific for amoA (ammonia monooxygenase) genes, was used to examine ammonia oxidizers in the samples. Six banding patterns (clusters) from amplified rDNA restriction analysis of 16S rDNA fragments were observed after restriction analysis with HinfI. Sequencing of these clones revealed the presence of only Nitrosospira-like sequences. Analysis of the sequences showed that ammonia oxidizers from the NT soil were more diverse compared to those from the CT and conservation reserve program soils. Our data showed that management and agronomic practices had more impact on bacterial community structure than annual precipitation. JF - FEMS Microbiology Ecology AU - Ibekwe, A M AU - Kennedy, A C AU - Frohne, P S AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Yang, C-H AU - Crowley, DE AD - USDA-ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA, aibekwe@usll.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 183 EP - 191 VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 0168-6496, 0168-6496 KW - ammonia KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - D 04600:Soil KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18402359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.atitle=Microbial+diversity+along+a+transect+of+agronomic+zones&rft.au=Ibekwe%2C+A+M%3BKennedy%2C+A+C%3BFrohne%2C+P+S%3BPapiernik%2C+S+K%3BYang%2C+C-H%3BCrowley%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Ibekwe&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.issn=01686496&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect Cells And Their Potential As Stabilization Barriers For DNA Of Multiple And Single Nucleopolyhedroviruses Against Ultraviolet-B-simulated Sunlight Inactivation AN - 18391209; 5374274 AB - A cell line from Trichoplusia ni (TN-CL1) infected with the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV-HPP) and a cell line from Helicoverpa zea (BCIRL-HZ-AM1) infected with the Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV/BrCL2) were subjected to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation at a predetermined level of exposure that would inactivate greater than 95% of the virus suspended in the liquid. The working hypothesis was that the homologous insect cells would utilize their inherent deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair mechanism(s) to prevent, repair, or at least mitigate the damaging effects of UV-B light on viral DNA synthesis. We attempted to determine this by using infected cells that were subjected to UV-B irradiation at different postinoculation periods under two experimental conditions of exposure: (1) shielded, and (2) nonshielded. Of the two cell lines infected with their respective homologous viruses, the virus from TN-CL1 cells was the least sensitive to UV-B light because the extracellular virus (ECV) and occlusion body (OB) levels of virus-infected TN-CL1 cells were higher than those of the virus-infected BCIRL-HZ-AM1 cells. Production of ECV and OB from both cell lines was lower in the exposed, nonshielded treatment than in the exposed, shielded treatment. However, AcMNPV-HPP was produced in enough quantity to indicate that TN-CL1 might impart a level of protection to the virus against UV light. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Grasela, J J AU - McIntosh, AH AU - Ignoffo, C M AU - Goodman, CL AD - USDA, ARS, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, 1503 S. Providence Road, Research Park, Columbia, Missouri 65203-3535, graselajj@missouri.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 173 EP - 177 PB - Society for In Vitro Biology VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Alfalfa looper KW - Cabbage looper KW - Corn earworm KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Tomato fruitworm KW - insect cells KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Z 05161:Cell & tissue culture KW - V 22044:Viral nucleic acid synthesis & synthesis of virus-coded proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18391209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=Insect+Cells+And+Their+Potential+As+Stabilization+Barriers+For+DNA+Of+Multiple+And+Single+Nucleopolyhedroviruses+Against+Ultraviolet-B-simulated+Sunlight+Inactivation&rft.au=Grasela%2C+J+J%3BMcIntosh%2C+AH%3BIgnoffo%2C+C+M%3BGoodman%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Grasela&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1071-2690%282002%29038%280173%3AICATPA%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1071-2690&volume=38&page=173 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1071-2690(2002)038(0173:ICATPA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bactericidal Effect of Sodium Chlorate on Escherichia coli Concentrations in Bovine Ruminal and Fecal Contents In Vivo AN - 18391060; 5384395 AB - Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli causes a potentially fatal disease in humans. Since human infections often occur following consumption of contaminated meat, strategies are sought to rid these pathogens from food-producing animals. E. coli, like most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, possess respiratory nitrate reductase, an enzyme that coincidentally reduces chlorate to toxic chlorite. Consequently, a study was performed to assess the effect of intraruminal chlorate administration on E. coli in the gut of fed and fasted cattle, the latter having been reported to harbor increased concentrations of enteric pathogens. As hypothesized, E. coli concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) 10 and 24 h post chlorate administration, respectively, in rumen contents and feces of chlorate-treated cows than in untreated cows. Fasting had little effect on gut E. coli concentrations and did not effect the bactericidal effect of chlorate against E. coli. Chlorate treatment had little or no effect on fermentation efficiency, as evidenced by pH, volatile fatty acid production and concentration of total culturable anaerobes, and had no observable adverse effects on any of the cows. These results suggest that chlorate may be useful in the pre-harvest control of E. coli. JF - Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease AU - Anderson, R C AU - Callaway, T R AU - Anderson, T J AU - Kubena, L F AU - Keith, N K AU - Nisbet, D J AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, USA, anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 24 EP - 29 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0891-060X, 0891-060X KW - cattle KW - sodium chlorate KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18391060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.atitle=Bactericidal+Effect+of+Sodium+Chlorate+on+Escherichia+coli+Concentrations+in+Bovine+Ruminal+and+Fecal+Contents+In+Vivo&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+C%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BAnderson%2C+T+J%3BKubena%2C+L+F%3BKeith%2C+N+K%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.issn=0891060X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production technology for entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts AN - 18380716; 5351311 AB - Entomopathogenic nematodes (genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) kill insects with the aid of mutualistic bacteria. The nematode-bacteria complex is mass produced for use as biopesticides using in vivo or in vitro methods, i.e., solid or liquid fermentation. In vivo production (culture in live insect hosts) is low technology, has low startup costs, and resulting nematode quality is high, yet cost efficiency is low. In vitro solid culture, i.e., growing the nematodes and bacteria on crumbled polyurethane foam, offers an intermediate level of technology and costs. In vivo production and solid culture may be improved through innovations in mechanization and streamlining. In vitro liquid culture is the most cost-efficient production method but requires the largest startup capital and nematode quality may be reduced. Liquid culture may be improved through progress in media development, nematode recovery, and bioreactor design. A variety of formulations is available to facilitate nematode storage and application. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Shapiro-Ilan, D AU - Gaugler, R AD - USDA-ARS, SAA, 21 Dunbar Road, Byron, GA 31008, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 137 EP - 146 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Insects KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01014:Others KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18380716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+technology+for+entomopathogenic+nematodes+and+their+bacterial+symbionts&rft.au=Shapiro-Ilan%2C+D%3BGaugler%2C+R&rft.aulast=Shapiro-Ilan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj%2Fjim%2F7000230 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj/jim/7000230 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The synthesis of short- and medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate) mixtures from glucose- or alkanoic acid-grown Pseudomonas oleovorans AN - 18379887; 5351312 AB - Pseudomonas oleovorans NRRL B-778 accumulated mixtures of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (mcl-PHAs) when grown on glucose, octanoic acid or oleic acid, whereas growth on nonanoic acid or undecanoic acid resulted in copolymers of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHB-co-HV). Acetone fractionation verified the presence of PHB/mcl-PHA mixtures. The acetone-insoluble (AIS) fractions of the polymers derived from glucose (PHA-glucose), octanoic acid (PHA-octanoic) and oleic acid (PHA-oleic) were exclusively PHB while the acetone-soluble (AS) fractions contained mcl-PHA composed of differing ratios of 3-hydroxy-acid monomer units, which ranged in chain length from 6 to 14 carbon atoms. In contrast, both the AIS and AS fractions from the polymers derived from nonanoic acid (PHA-nonanoic) and undecanoic acid (PHA-undecanoic) were composed of comparable ratios of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV). The unfractionated PHA-glucose, PHA-octanoic and PHA-oleic polymers had melting temperatures (T sub(m)) between 177 and 179 degree C, enthalpies of fusion ( Delta H sub(f)) of 20 cal/g and glass transition temperatures (T sub(g)) of 3-4 degree C. This was due to the large PHB content in the polymer mixtures. On the other hand, the PHA-nonanoic and PHA-undecanoic polymers had thermal properties that supported their copolymer nature. In both cases, the T sub(m) values were 161 degree C, Delta H sub(f) values were 7 cal/g and T sub(g) values were -3 degree C. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Ashby, R D AU - Solaiman, DKY AU - Foglia, T A AD - ERRC, ARS, USDA, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 147 EP - 153 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvaleric acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - J 02703:Culture KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18379887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=The+synthesis+of+short-+and+medium-chain-length+poly%28hydroxyalkanoate%29+mixtures+from+glucose-+or+alkanoic+acid-grown+Pseudomonas+oleovorans&rft.au=Ashby%2C+R+D%3BSolaiman%2C+DKY%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Ashby&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj%2Fjim%2F7000231 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj/jim/7000231 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Delayed Abscission and Shorter Internodes Correlate with a Reduction in the Ethylene Receptor LeETR1 Transcript in Transgenic Tomato AN - 18373306; 5330728 AB - Stable transformation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv Ailsa Craig) plants with a construct containing the antisense sequence for the receiver domain and 3'-untranslated portion of the tomato ethylene receptor (LeETR1) under the control of an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter resulted in some expected and unexpected phenotypes. In addition to reduced LeETR1 transcript levels, the two most consistently observed phenotypes in the transgenic lines were delayed abscission and reduced plant size. Fruit coloration and softening were essentially unaffected, and all the seedlings from first generation seed displayed a normal triple response to ethylene. Two independent lines with a single copy of the transgene and reduced LeETR1 transcript accumulation were selected for detailed phenotypic analysis of second generation (R1) plants. Delayed abscission, shorter internode length, and reduced auxin movement all correlated with the presence of the transgene and the degree of reduced LeETR1 transcript accumulation. No significant differences were noted for fruit coloration or fruit softening on R1 plants and all seedlings from R1 and R2 seed displayed a normal triple response. LeETR2 transcript accumulation was only slightly reduced in the R1 plants compared with azygous plants, and LeETR3 (NR) transcript levels appeared to be unaffected by the transgene. We propose that ethylene signal transduction occurs through parallel paths that partially intersect to regulate shared ethylene responses. JF - Plant Physiology AU - Whitelaw, CA AU - Lyssenko, N N AU - Chen, L AU - Zhou, D AU - Mattoo, A K AU - Tucker, M L AD - Soybean Genomics Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Building 006, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, tuckerm@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 978 EP - 987 VL - 128 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - tomato KW - LeETR1 gene KW - LeETR3 gene KW - ethylene receptors KW - transgenes KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Transgenic plants KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Antisense KW - Ethylene KW - Signal transduction KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18373306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=Delayed+Abscission+and+Shorter+Internodes+Correlate+with+a+Reduction+in+the+Ethylene+Receptor+LeETR1+Transcript+in+Transgenic+Tomato&rft.au=Whitelaw%2C+CA%3BLyssenko%2C+N+N%3BChen%2C+L%3BZhou%2C+D%3BMattoo%2C+A+K%3BTucker%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Whitelaw&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=978&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; Ethylene; Antisense; Transgenic plants; Signal transduction; Transformation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying Aphanomyces euteiches in alfalfa with a fluorescent polymerase chain reaction assay AN - 18342444; 5388449 AB - A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using a set of specific primers and a dual-labeled probe (TaqMan) was developed to quantify the amount of Aphanomyces euteiches DNA in alfalfa plants exhibiting varying levels of disease severity. The study included isolates of race 1 and race 2 of A. euteiches. The assay also discriminated between alfalfa populations for resistance based on analysis of DNA extracted from bulked plant samples. Analysis of individual plants and bulked plant samples of standard check populations with both pathogen isolates resulted in Spearman rank correlations between pathogen DNA content and disease severity index ratings that were greater than 0.75 and highly significant (P < 0.0005). In experiments with a race 1 isolate, the amount of pathogen DNA present in the resistant check WAPH-1 was significantly less than in the susceptible check Saranac. In experiments with a race 2 isolate, the amount of pathogen DNA in the resistant check WAPH-5 was significantly less than in either of the susceptible checks, Saranac and WAPH-1. Discrimination between commercial cultivars based on quantitative PCR analysis of bulked plant samples was similar to classification based on visual assessment of disease severity. JF - Phytopathology AU - Vandemark, G J AU - Barker, B M AU - Gritsenko, MA AD - Vegetable and Forage Crops Production Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Prosser, WA 99350, USA, gvandemark@pars.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 265 EP - 272 VL - 92 IS - 3 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aphanomyces euteiches KW - Disease resistance KW - Quantitation KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18342444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Quantifying+Aphanomyces+euteiches+in+alfalfa+with+a+fluorescent+polymerase+chain+reaction+assay&rft.au=Vandemark%2C+G+J%3BBarker%2C+B+M%3BGritsenko%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Vandemark&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphanomyces euteiches; Quantitation; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead in hair and gasoline AN - 18321748; 5372034 AB - As part of a long-standing evaluation of the utility of hair analysis in clinical and experimental medicine, we measured lead by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy in 54 samples of occipital hair collected from a healthy, middle-aged man over the course of two decades and stored in glassine bags. The subject lived in two dwellings, had no unusual dietary or occupational exposures and used only two brands of shampoo low in lead during the interval. We think we have detected the gradual elimination of tetraethyllead from gasoline in the US. We assume hair lead reflects a decrease in atmospheric contamination of both diet and hair. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Klevay, L M AU - Christopherson, D M AU - Shuler, T R AD - USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 141 EP - 142 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Gasoline KW - Heavy metals KW - Fuels KW - Petroleum KW - Lead KW - X 24156:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18321748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Lead+in+hair+and+gasoline&rft.au=Klevay%2C+L+M%3BChristopherson%2C+D+M%3BShuler%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Klevay&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lead; Heavy metals; Petroleum; Gasoline; Fuels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology, Host Preferences, and Abundance of Mesochorus curvulus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a Hyperparasite of Peristenus spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Parasitizing Plant Bugs (Miridae: Hemiptera) in Alfalfa-Grass Forage Crops AN - 18314206; 5366458 AB - Mesochorus curvulus Thomson was the only secondary parasite (hyperparasite) reared from six primary parasites (Braconidae: five Peristenus spp., one Leiophron sp.) collected in the field, in their mirid hosts. These six braconids parasitized nymphs of four species of phytophagous plant bugs, two (Leptopterna, Trigonotylus) feeding on forage grasses, and two (Adelphocoris, Lygus) feeding on alfalfa. The principal samples were collected weekly and biweekly on commercial farms in northwestern New Jersey over a 10-yr period. Although M. curvulus attacked six primary parasite species, it preferred Peristenus pallipes (Curtis), which in turn preferred the two non-native, grass-feeding mirids. These preferences suggest that both P. pallipes and M. curvulus are also not native to North America. Rates of hyperparasitism were higher in the most abundant primary parasites, so were density-dependent. The low hyperparasitism rates observed (1-11%) indicate that Mesochorus does not have a strong negative effect on the primary parasites, several of which are useful in biological control of plant pests. Diapause in Mesochorus appears to be regulated by the primary parasite rather than by photoperiod. The sex ratio of M. curvulus was normal (55% female). JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Day, W H AD - Beneficial Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 501 South Chapel Street, Newark, DE 19713, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 218 EP - 222 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Plant Bugs KW - Grasses KW - Alfalfa KW - Ichneumon wasps KW - Braconid wasps KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Parasites KW - Abundance KW - Hosts KW - Miridae KW - Crops KW - Braconidae KW - Mesochorus curvulus KW - Ichneumonidae KW - Peristenus KW - Poaceae KW - Medicago sativa KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18314206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Biology%2C+Host+Preferences%2C+and+Abundance+of+Mesochorus+curvulus+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Ichneumonidae%29%2C+a+Hyperparasite+of+Peristenus+spp.+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+Parasitizing+Plant+Bugs+%28Miridae%3A+Hemiptera%29+in+Alfalfa-Grass+Forage+Crops&rft.au=Day%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282002%29095%280218%3ABHPAAO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mesochorus curvulus; Peristenus; Miridae; Poaceae; Medicago sativa; Ichneumonidae; Braconidae; Crops; Hosts; Abundance; Parasites; Biological control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2002)095(0218:BHPAAO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Presence/absence of a keystone species as an indicator of rangeland health AN - 18312445; 5352959 AB - We examined the relationship between a Chihuahuan Desert grassland keystone species (banner tailed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys spectabilis) and several vegetation and soil indicators of rangeland health in order to define a threshold indicator value for irreversible change in ecosystem structure and function. The abundance of occupied and/or abandoned D. spectabilis burrow-mounds was assessed at 117 sites in south-central New Mexico where previous studies had reported vegetation cover and composition. The most robust indicator for presence/absence of D. spectabilis was shrub cover. D. spectabilis did not occur at sites with shrub cover >20%. It was concluded that a threshold value of 20% shrub cover could be applied to assessment and monitoring of Chihuahuan Desert rangelands because higher shrub cover results in the local extinction of this keystone species. The combination of data on the presence/absence of a keystone species with vegetation and soil indicators provides a method for identifying thresholds of degradation that may be irreversible.Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Krogh, S N AU - Zeisset AU - Jackson, E AU - Whitford, W G AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 513 EP - 519 PB - Academic Press VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Banner-tailed kangaroo rat KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Environmental degradation KW - Grasslands KW - Dipodomys spectabilis KW - Indicator species KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18312445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Presence%2Fabsence+of+a+keystone+species+as+an+indicator+of+rangeland+health&rft.au=Krogh%2C+S+N%3BZeisset%3BJackson%2C+E%3BWhitford%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Krogh&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.2001.0900 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dipodomys spectabilis; Grasslands; Indicator species; Environmental degradation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2001.0900 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microsatellite markers for Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) AN - 18305623; 5362795 AB - Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) is a flourishing invasive weed in the western United States. The objective of our study is to characterize its genetic diversity. We made a B. tectorum genomic library in lambda phage and screened approximately 4000 clones for poly CA and poly CT dinucleotide repeats. Of 38 sequences with dinucleotide repeats isolated from the library, we designed primer sets for 18 loci. A preliminary screen of 40 individuals from four populations indicated that seven loci were polymorphic. These loci will be valuable for elucidation of cheatgrass genetic diversity and population structure. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Ramakrishnan AU - Coleman, CE AU - Meyer, SE AU - Fairbanks, D J AD - USDA Forest Service Shrub Sciences Laboratory, 735 N 500 East, Provo, UT 84606, USA, semeyer@sisna.com Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 22 EP - 23 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - cheatgrass KW - invasive species KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Invasiveness KW - USA, West KW - Polymorphism KW - Microsatellites KW - Genetic diversity KW - Genetic markers KW - Bromus tectorum KW - Population structure KW - Introduced species KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18305623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Microsatellite+markers+for+Bromus+tectorum+%28cheatgrass%29&rft.au=Ramakrishnan%3BColeman%2C+CE%3BMeyer%2C+SE%3BFairbanks%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Ramakrishnan&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1471-8278.2001.00131.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bromus tectorum; USA, West; Population structure; Genetic markers; Microsatellites; Genetic diversity; Introduced species; Invasiveness; Polymorphism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8278.2001.00131.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation response to large scale disturbance in a southern Appalachian forest: Hurricane Opal and salvage logging AN - 18303815; 5354141 AB - Disturbance such as catastrophic windthrow can play a major role in the structure and composition of southern Appalachian forests. We report effects of Hurricane Opal followed by salvage logging on vegetation dynamics (regeneration, composition, and diversity) the first three years after disturbance at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina. The objective of this study was to compare species composition and diversity of understory and groundlayer species in a hurricane + salvage logged (H+S) forest to an adjacent undisturbed forest. Abundance of groundlayer species was much higher in the H+S forest than in the undisturbed forest, and abundance increased over time. Percent cover, density, and species richness were significantly higher in the H+S forest than in the undisturbed forest. In addition, percent cover increased by approximately 85% between 1997 and 1999 in the H+S plots. Shannon's index of diversity (H') based on percent cover was significantly higher in the H+S forest than the undisturbed forest by the third year after disturbance. However, there was no significant difference in H' based on density between H+S forest and the undisturbed forest in either year. In the undisturbed forest, 59 species and 50 genera represented 30 families. By 1999 (the third year after disturbance), the H+S forest retained 93 species, 72 genera and 42 families. The Asteraceae and Liliaceae had the highest number of species in both sampled forests, with more species of Liliaceae in the H+S plots. Micro-relief created from pit and mound topography from uprooting of windthrown trees, shade from the slash-debris left on site from the salvage logging, and shade from the remaining overstory trees created a mosaic of environmental conditions. This environmental heterogeneity could be responsible for the mix of early (shade intolerant) and late (shade tolerant) successional herbaceous species, and a higher species richness and diversity than the undisturbed forest. JF - Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society AU - Elliott, K J AU - Hitchcock, S L AU - Krueger, L AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd., Otto, North Carolina 28763, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 48 EP - 59 VL - 129 IS - 1 SN - 1095-5674, 1095-5674 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Logging KW - Hurricanes KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Vegetation changes KW - Forests KW - Disturbance KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18303815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Torrey+Botanical+Society&rft.atitle=Vegetation+response+to+large+scale+disturbance+in+a+southern+Appalachian+forest%3A+Hurricane+Opal+and+salvage+logging&rft.au=Elliott%2C+K+J%3BHitchcock%2C+S+L%3BKrueger%2C+L&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Torrey+Botanical+Society&rft.issn=10955674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, North Carolina; Vegetation changes; Disturbance; Logging; Hurricanes; Forests ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence Phenotypes of Puccinia triticina in the South Atlantic States in 1999 AN - 18301218; 5348197 AB - Collections of Puccinia triticina were made from rust-infected wheat leaves in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia in 1999 to examine if these states can be considered as a single epidemiological unit for virulence phenotypes of the wheat leaf rust pathogen. Single-uredinial isolates derived from the leaf rust collections were processed for identification of virulence phenotypes on seedling plants in greenhouse tests. Twenty-one virulence phenotypes from 253 isolates were described based on infection type to 16 Thatcher wheat lines near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. Virulence phenotype MBRK (virulent to leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr3, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr30, Lr10, Lr14a, and Lr18) was the most common phenotype in the region, at 38.7% of all isolates. Phenotype TLGF (virulent to Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr11, Lr14a, and Lr18) was the second most common phenotype overall, at 33.8% of isolates. Twenty-nine isolates selected on the basis of seedling virulence phenotypes also were tested for virulence to adult wheat plants with the resistance genes Lr12, Lr13, Lr22b, and Lr34. In all, 23 isolates were avirulent to Lr12 and 26 isolates were virulent to Lr13. All isolates had fewer and smaller uredinia on the Thatcher line with Lr34 compared with Thatcher. The widespread occurrence of the predominant P. triticina virulence phenotypes throughout the region indicated that the South Atlantic states should be considered as a single epidemiological area for wheat leaf rust. Some virulence phenotypes which occurred at lower frequencies were found primarily in the Coastal Plain and mountains of North Carolina or in breeding plots in southern Georgia. Localized populations of P. triticina may develop in the South Atlantic region due to overwintering of leaf rust infections or specific selection by leaf rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kolmer, JA AD - Research Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA, jkolmer@cdl.umn.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 288 EP - 291 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - phenotypes KW - isolates KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Virulence KW - Plant diseases KW - Puccinia triticina KW - USA, Southeast KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18301218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Virulence+Phenotypes+of+Puccinia+triticina+in+the+South+Atlantic+States+in+1999&rft.au=Kolmer%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Kolmer&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia triticina; USA, Southeast; Virulence; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA Fingerprinting Analysis of Vegetative Compatibility Groups in Aspergillus flavus from a Peanut Field in Georgia AN - 18300710; 5348191 AB - The ability of species-specific DNA probe pAF28 to correctly match 75 strains of Aspergillus flavus isolated from a peanut field in Georgia with 1 of 44 distinct vegetative compatibility groupings (VCGs) was assessed. Multiple strains belonging to the same VCG typically produced identical DNA fingerprints, with the exception of VCG 17 and VCG 24, which contained strains that showed 83 and 87% similarity, respectively. A. flavus isolates sharing more than 80% of the fragments are recognized as belonging to the same DNA fingerprint group. Each VCG represented by a single isolate produced unique DNA fingerprints. The results provide further evidence that the pAF28 probe is able to distinguish A. flavus VCGs based on DNA fingerprints and can be used to predict the approximate number of VCGs in a sample population. The DNA probe also hybridized strongly and displayed multiple and distinct bands with other species in Aspergillus section Flavi: A. bombycis, A. caelatus, A. nomius, A. pseudotamarii, and A. tamarii. Although individual strains representing Aspergillus spp. in section Flavi produced DNA fingerprints with multiple bands, the banding patterns could not be used to classify these strains according to species. JF - Plant Disease AU - McAlpin, CE AU - Wicklow, D T AU - Horn, B W AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Peoria, IL 61604, USA, mcaplice@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 254 EP - 258 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - isolates KW - vegetative compatibility groups KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Plant diseases KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - USA, Georgia KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18300710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=DNA+Fingerprinting+Analysis+of+Vegetative+Compatibility+Groups+in+Aspergillus+flavus+from+a+Peanut+Field+in+Georgia&rft.au=McAlpin%2C+CE%3BWicklow%2C+D+T%3BHorn%2C+B+W&rft.aulast=McAlpin&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Arachis hypogaea; USA, Georgia; Plant diseases; DNA fingerprinting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Corn Inbreds and Advanced Breeding Lines for Resistance to Aflatoxin Contamination in the Field AN - 18294144; 5348188 AB - Eighteen corn inbred lines and advanced breeding lines were evaluated for resistance to aflatoxin contamination when artificially inoculated with Aspergillus flavus in 1998, 1999 (two tests), and 2000 at Mississippi State, MS, in field studies. The top ear of each plant was inoculated with the A. flavus isolate NRRL 3357 seven days after midsilk (50% of the plants in a plot had silks emerged) using the side-needle technique. Ears were harvested at kernel maturity approximately 63 days after midsilk and aflatoxin levels were measured using the Vicam AflaTest. Aflatoxin contamination in the inbreds was extremely high in 1998. Levels ranged from 139 to 21,090 ng/g. In 1999, aflatoxin contamination ranged from 17 to 1,070 ng/g in one test and 14 to 1,278 ng/g in another test. In 2000, aflatoxin levels ranged from 237 to 7,503 ng/g. Lines that supported lowest levels of aflatoxin contamination included Mp81:112, Mp92:673, Mp92:679, and Mp494. These lines provide potential new sources of resistance that can be used to move aflatoxin resistance into commercial corn hybrids. JF - Plant Disease AU - Windham, G L AU - Williams, W P AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, gwindham@ra.msstate.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 232 EP - 234 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Mycotoxins KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Plant protection KW - Zea mays KW - Aflatoxins KW - Disease resistance KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18294144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Corn+Inbreds+and+Advanced+Breeding+Lines+for+Resistance+to+Aflatoxin+Contamination+in+the+Field&rft.au=Windham%2C+G+L%3BWilliams%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Windham&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; Zea mays; Plant protection; Aflatoxins; Mycotoxins; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of modified oxygen and carbon dioxide atmospheres on mint and thyme plant growth, morphogenesis and secondary metabolism in vitro AN - 18291144; 5340828 AB - Growth (fresh weight) and morphogenesis (production of leaves, roots and shoots) of mint (Mentha sp. L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) shoots were determined under atmospheres of 5%, 10%, 21%, 32%, or 43% O sub(2) with either 350 or 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2). Plants were grown in vitro on Murashige and Skoog salts, 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar under a 16/8-h (day/night) photoperiod with a light intensity of 180 mu mol s super(-1)m super(-2). Growth and morphogenesis responses varied considerably for the two plant species tested depending on the level of O sub(2) administered. Growth was considerably enhanced for both species under all O sub(2) levels tested when 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2) was added as compared to growth responses obtained at the same O sub(2) levels tested with 350 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2). Mint shoots exhibited high growth and morphogenesis responses for all O sub(2) levels tested with 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2). In contrast, thyme shoots exhibited enhanced growth and morphogenesis when cultured in 21% O sub(2) with 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2) included compared to shoots cultured under lower O sub(2) levels. Essential oil compositions (i.e. monoterpene, piperitenone oxide from mint and aromatic phenol, thymol from thyme) were analyzed from CH sub(2)Cl sub(2) extracts via gas chromatography from the shoot portion of plants grown at all O sub(2) levels. The highest levels of thymol were produced from thyme shoots cultured under 10% and 21% O sub(2) with 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2,)and levels were considerably lower in shoots grown under either lower or higher O sub(2) levels. Higher levels of piperitenone oxide were obtained from mint cultures grown under 21% O sub(2) with 10,000 mu mol mol super(-1) CO sub(2) compared to that obtained with lower O sub(2) levels. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Tisserat, B AU - Vaughn, S F AU - Silman, R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, 1815 N University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, tisserbh@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 912 EP - 916 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00299/bibs/2020 010/20200912.htm] VL - 20 IS - 10 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - piperitenone oxide KW - secondary metabolites KW - thymol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Mentha KW - Oxygen KW - Growth KW - Morphogenesis KW - Oils KW - Thymus vulgaris KW - Carbon dioxide KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18291144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Influence+of+modified+oxygen+and+carbon+dioxide+atmospheres+on+mint+and+thyme+plant+growth%2C+morphogenesis+and+secondary+metabolism+in+vitro&rft.au=Tisserat%2C+B%3BVaughn%2C+S+F%3BSilman%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tisserat&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=912&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00299-001-0428-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mentha; Thymus vulgaris; Growth; Morphogenesis; Oils; Oxygen; Carbon dioxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-001-0428-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water status response of corn and cotton to altered irrigation AN - 18284439; 5340747 AB - Water is a primary limiting factor to crop production and thus crop water status is essential information for management decisions. Corn and cotton were grown in the field under two constant water regimes. The low water level (WL) was 0.66 x PET (potential evapotranspiration) in corn and rainfall for cotton. The high water level (WH) was 1.0 x PET for both crops. Two transient water treatments in each crop began as the two constant water level treatments but then the water inputs were reversed and the change in water status was monitored. When the transient water treatments were initiated, corn was at the V14 and V16 growth stages in the WL and WH treatments, respectively, and cotton was 2 weeks past first bloom for both water levels. The purpose of the experiment was to compare the sensitivity of leaf water potential (LWP) and crop canopy temperature to changes in irrigation rate. The transient water treatment of each crop that relieved water stress (TLH) changed from WL to WH and the treatment which induced water stress changed from WH to WL (THL). The LWP values of the transient water treatments reversed 5 and 8 days after reversing water input rates to corn in 1998 and 1999, respectively, and after 3 days in both years for cotton. A reversal in canopy temperatures, expressed as the amount of daily time that the temperature was above 28 degree C (DST), was not detected between the TLH and THL treatments of corn after 25 days in 1998 or after 13 days in 1999. The DST values of the cotton transient water treatments reversed after 4 days in 1998 and 5 days in 1999, when the values of THL became greater than for TLH. Corn tassels, which apparently transpire less than leaves, were forming at the beginning of the transient water treatments and their presence in the view of the infrared thermocouples may have reduced the apparent radiometric temperature difference between the transient water treatments. During the water status adjustment period following the initiation of the transient water treatments, there were significant linear relationships between LWP and DST in cotton in both years but only in 1998 in corn. Cotton canopy temperature could be used to rapidly monitor an entire field in contrast to LWP which accurately measures plant water status but cannot provide automated measurements across a large area. JF - Irrigation Science AU - Wanjura, DI AU - Upchurch, DI AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Stress and Water Conservation Research Laboratory, 3810 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA, dwanjura@lbk.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 45 EP - 55 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00271/bibs/2021 002/20210045.htm] VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0342-7188, 0342-7188 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Cotton KW - Water Management KW - Corn KW - Temperature KW - Automation KW - Irrigation Water KW - Limiting Factors KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Crops KW - Canopy KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18284439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+Science&rft.atitle=Water+status+response+of+corn+and+cotton+to+altered+irrigation&rft.au=Wanjura%2C+DI%3BUpchurch%2C+DI&rft.aulast=Wanjura&rft.aufirst=DI&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+Science&rft.issn=03427188&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00271-001-0049-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Water Management; Cotton; Corn; Temperature; Automation; Evapotranspiration; Limiting Factors; Irrigation Water; Canopy; Crops DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00271-001-0049-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Aquatic Budding Bacterium Blastobacter denitrificans Is a Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiont of Aeschynomene indica AN - 18281713; 5325498 AB - Blastobacter spp. are freshwater bacteria that form rosette structures by cellular attachment to a common base. Comparative analyses of ribosomal 16S rRNA gene and internally transcribed spacer region sequences indicated that B. denitrificans is a member of the alpha -subdivision of Proteobacteria. Among the alpha -Proteobacteria, B. denitrificans was related to a cluster of genera, including Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Afipia felis, Nitrobacter hamburgensis, and Bradyrhizobium spp. Although the precise phylogenetic relationships among these genera could not be established with a high degree of confidence, the sequences of B. denitrificans and several bradyrhizobial isolates from nodules of Aeschynomene indica were almost identical. Bradyrhizobia are bacteria that form nitrogen-fixing symbioses with legumes, including soybeans (Glycine max) and members of the genus Aeschynomene. From symbiotic infectiveness tests we demonstrated that the type strain for B. denitrificans, IFAM 1005, was capable of forming an effective nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with A. indica. Not only do these results reveal a previously unknown ecological adaptation of a relatively obscure aquatic bacterium, but they also demonstrate how evidence gathered from molecular systematic analyses can sometimes provide clues for predicting ecological behavior. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - van Berkum, P AU - Eardly, B D AD - Soybean and Alfalfa Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, HH-4, Bldg. 010, BARC- West, 10300 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705., pberkum@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 1132 EP - 1136 VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Aquatic bacteria KW - Blastobacter denitrificans KW - Adaptations KW - Symbiosis KW - Aeschynomene indica KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Ribosomes KW - Freshwater KW - Systematics KW - Spacer region KW - Genes KW - RNA KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - rRNA 16S KW - Phylogenetics KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - Q1 08205:Genetics and evolution KW - J 02905:Water KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - G 07260:Taxonomy, systematics and evolutionary genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18281713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+Aquatic+Budding+Bacterium+Blastobacter+denitrificans+Is+a+Nitrogen-Fixing+Symbiont+of+Aeschynomene+indica&rft.au=van+Berkum%2C+P%3BEardly%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=van+Berkum&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.3.1132-1136.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Symbiosis; Genes; Nitrogen fixation; RNA; Ribosomes; Phylogenetics; Aquatic bacteria; Spacer region; Adaptations; Nucleotide sequence; Systematics; rRNA 16S; Blastobacter denitrificans; Aeschynomene indica; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.3.1132-1136.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Cloning of XYL3 (D-Xylulokinase) from Pichia stipitis and Characterization of Its Physiological Function AN - 18276334; 5325458 AB - XYL3, which encodes a D-xylulokinase (EC 2.7.1.17), was isolated from Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 genomic DNA by using primers designed against conserved motifs. Disruption of XYL3 eliminated D-xylulokinase activity, but D-ribulokinase activity was still present. Southern analysis of P. stipitis genomic DNA with XYL3 as a probe confirmed the disruption and did not reveal additional related genes. Disruption of XYL3 stopped ethanol production from xylose, but the resulting mutant still assimilated xylose slowly and formed xylitol and arabinitol. These results indicate that XYL3 is critical for ethanol production from xylose but that P. stipitis has another pathway for xylose assimilation. Expression of XYL3 using its P. stipitis promoter increased Saccharomyces cerevisiae D-xylulose consumption threefold and enabled the transformants to produce ethanol from a mixture of xylose and xylulose, whereas the parental strain only accumulated xylitol. In vitro, D- xylulokinase activity in recombinant S. cerevisiae was sixfold higher with a multicopy than with a single-copy XYL3 plasmid, but ethanol production decreased with increased copy number. These results confirmed the function of XYL3 in S. cerevisiae. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jin, Y AU - Jones, S AU - Shi, N AU - Jeffries, T W AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, WI 53705., tjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 1232 EP - 1239 VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - budding yeast KW - XYL3 gene KW - Xylulokinase KW - arabinitol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Xylose KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Xylitol KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Pichia stipitis KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18276334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Cloning+of+XYL3+%28D-Xylulokinase%29+from+Pichia+stipitis+and+Characterization+of+Its+Physiological+Function&rft.au=Jin%2C+Y%3BJones%2C+S%3BShi%2C+N%3BJeffries%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Jin&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.3.1232-1239.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pichia stipitis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Xylose; Xylitol; Nucleotide sequence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.3.1232-1239.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An International Collaborative Study on a Method for Determination of Formaldehyde in Veterinary Vaccines AN - 18264352; 5321099 AB - An international collaborative study of a quantitative colorimetric method for determination of formaldehyde in veterinary vaccines was conducted on a series of replicate, blinded veterinary vaccine products by 15 laboratories in three regions: North America, Europe and Japan. Participants conducted determinations using a modification of a method from the European Pharmacopoeia, a colorimetric method based on the reaction of formaldehyde with methylbenzothiazolone hydrazone hydrochloride. For this study, three licensed vaccine products containing formaldehyde were revialed, randomly numbered, tested for uniformity and distributed by one of the participating laboratories through regional coordinators to collaborators. One of the revialed products was spiked with a known amount of formaldehyde and included in the test series. Results along with all raw data were returned to the distributing laboratory for consolidation and statistical treatment. For the modified method spike recovery was 101% and reproducibility (inter-laboratory variation expressed as relative standard deviation) ranged from 18.0 to 8.0% for respective formaldehyde concentrations of 0.28 to 1.07 g/l. Based on the study, the method was proposed by the Biologicals Working Group of the International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH) as a candidate for the VICH Guideline standard method for residual formaldehyde. JF - Biologicals AU - Ross, P F AU - Draayer, H AU - Itoh, O AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, U.S.A., paul.f.ross@usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 37 EP - 41 PB - Academic Press VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 1045-1056, 1045-1056 KW - determination KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Veterinary medicine KW - Formaldehyde KW - Colorimetry KW - Vaccines KW - A 01113:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18264352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biologicals&rft.atitle=An+International+Collaborative+Study+on+a+Method+for+Determination+of+Formaldehyde+in+Veterinary+Vaccines&rft.au=Ross%2C+P+F%3BDraayer%2C+H%3BItoh%2C+O&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biologicals&rft.issn=10451056&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fbiol.2001.0317 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vaccines; Veterinary medicine; Colorimetry; Formaldehyde DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/biol.2001.0317 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple cider AN - 18261365; 5313628 AB - An immunoassay based on immunomagnetic separation and time-resolved fluorometry was developed for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in apple cider. The time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay (TRFIA) uses a polyclonal antibody bound to immunomagnetic beads as the capture antibody and the same antibody labeled with europium as the detection antibody. Cell suspensions of 10 super(1) to 10 super(8) E. coli O157:H7 and K-12 organisms per ml were used to test the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. The sensitivity of the assay was 10 super(3) E. coli O157:H7 cells with no cross-reaction with K-12. Pure cultures of E. coli O157:H7 (10 super(1) to 10 super(5) CFU/ml) in apple cider could be detected within 6 h, including 4 h for incubation in modified EC broth with novobiocin and 2 h for the immunoassay. When apple cider was spiked with 1 to 10 super(3) CFU/ml of E. coli O157:H7 and 10 super(6) CFU/ml of K-12, our data show that the high level of K-12 in apple cider did not impede the detection of low levels of O157:H7. The minimum detectable numbers of cells present in the initial inoculum were 10 super(2) and 10 super(1) CFU/ml after 4- and 6-h enrichment. The TRFIA provides a rapid and sensitive means of detecting E. coli O157:H7 in apple cider. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Yu, LSL AU - Reed, SA AU - Golden, M H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, 19038 Wyndmoor, PA USA Y1 - 2002/03/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Mar 01 SP - 63 EP - 68 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - cider KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fluorescence KW - Cider KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Food contamination KW - Antibodies KW - Escherichia coli KW - Fluorometry KW - Immunoassays KW - Separation techniques KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18261365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Time-resolved+fluorescence+immunoassay+%28TRFIA%29+for+the+detection+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+apple+cider&rft.au=Yu%2C+LSL%3BReed%2C+SA%3BGolden%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=LSL&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Immunoassays; Food contamination; Fluorescence; Immunofluorescence; Antibodies; Separation techniques; Fluorometry; Cider ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacillus pycnus sp. nov. and Bacillus neidei sp. nov., roundspored bacteria from soil AN - 17273749; 5854530 AB - Bacillus sphaericus sensu lato currently consists of seven or more groups of unrelated taxa, one of which is B. sphaericus sensu stricto and another of which is Bacillus fusiformis. Members of two groups (groups 6 and 7), in common with all other B. sphaericus-like organisms, are unable to grow anaerobically or to use common hexoses, pentoses and hexitols as sources of carbon, have G+C contents of 34--36 mol% and form round spores. Groups 6 and 7 can be differentiated from other B. sphaericus-like organisms by low DNA relatedness and by variations in whole-cell fatty acid composition. Unique characteristics of group 6 include the ability to oxidize beta-hydroxybutyrate, the non-requirement for biotin and thiamin and failure to grow in 5% NaCl. Distinctive traits of group 7 include the inability to oxidize pyruvate and a requirement for biotin, thiamin and cystine for growth. These data show that groups 6 and 7 represent two novel species, for which the names Bacillus pycnus sp. nov. and Bacillus neidei sp. nov., respectively, are proposed; the corresponding type strains are NRRL NRS-1691(T) (=JCM 11075(T)) and NRRL BD-87(T) (=JCM 11077(T)). JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Nakamura, L K AU - Shida, O AU - Takagi, H AU - Komagata, K AD - Microbial Properties Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 501 EP - 505 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacillus pycnus KW - Fatty acid composition KW - DNA KW - Bacillus neidei KW - Taxonomy KW - Carbon sources KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17273749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Bacillus+pycnus+sp.+nov.+and+Bacillus+neidei+sp.+nov.%2C+roundspored+bacteria+from+soil&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+L+K%3BShida%2C+O%3BTakagi%2C+H%3BKomagata%2C+K&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus pycnus; Bacillus neidei; Taxonomy; Carbon sources; Fatty acid composition; DNA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of water deficit stress, shade, weed competition, and kaolin particle film on selected foliar free amino acid accumulations in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.) AN - 1665492999; 5368335 AB - Leaves of cotton plants, Gossypium hirsutum L., stressed by water deficit, reduced daylight, and weed competition, or treated with a kaolin wettable powder formulation were analyzed for levels of 17 free amino acids (FAAs) using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Water deficit stress resulted in heightened free proline levels (49.9-fold, P < 0.001) that were correlated with diffusive resistance (seconds per centimeter). Five other FAAs increased, and the amounts of total free essential (for insect growth and development) amino acids and total FAAs also increased (P less than or equal to 0.05). Cotton grown in 50% shade accumulated significantly more free arginine than control plants. In a small-plot weed competition assay, four FAAs increased and three FAAs decreased in association with weed competition, but because free proline levels were not altered and free arginine levels increased, other stresses aside from water deficit, possibly including shading by tall weeds, appear to have caused the changes. In a small-plot kaolin particle film assay, five FAAs were lower in cotton foliage sprayed weekly with kaolin. Because free proline was unaffected and free arginine was lower, it is possible that kaolin's reflectivity heightened light reception. The responses of free proline and arginine to the treatments used in these assays demonstrate that types and degrees of some stresses to cotton can be characterized by accumulations of certain FAAs. The study also demonstrates how some FAA levels can indicate degrees of cotton stress resulting from weed competition and from kaolin particle film application. Porometry and leaf water potential measurements assisted in corroborating some findings of the study. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Showler, A T AD - Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Bldg. 201, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 631 EP - 652 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Weeds KW - Water stress KW - Shade KW - Amino acid composition KW - Competition KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1665492999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+water+deficit+stress%2C+shade%2C+weed+competition%2C+and+kaolin+particle+film+on+selected+foliar+free+amino+acid+accumulations+in+cotton%2C+Gossypium+hirsutum+%28L.%29&rft.au=Showler%2C+A+T&rft.aulast=Showler&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weeds; Water stress; Shade; Amino acid composition; Competition; Gossypium hirsutum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Roost Harassment on Cormorant Movements and Roosting in the Delta Region of Mississippi AN - 1665492894; 5368012 AB - Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) predation on Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) at commercial farms has been estimated to cost the Mississippi aquaculture industry approximately $5 million annually to replace consumed fingerlings. In 1997, catfish producers assumed responsibility for the dispersal of cormorants in night roosts in the eastern (interior) delta region of Mississippi, where catfish farms are concentrated. We documented movements of 50 cormorants marked with radio transmitters in the delta region from January through March 1997. We obtained 161 post-capture day locations and 176 post-capture night roost locations. Cormorants that were harassed at their night roost flew farther to their next day's location than birds that were not harassed the previous night. Of the cormorants for which we had more than one night roost location, only 11% of cormorants that were harassed returned to the same roost within 48 hours, compared with an 81% return of cormorants to a previously un-harassed night roost. Moreover, cormorants in the eastern portion of the delta (where all harassment was conducted) changed night roosts more frequently than cormorants in the western (non-harassed) delta. Since cormorants in our study foraged relatively close to their night roosts and only 11% of the birds that we observed roosting in the western delta traveled to the eastern delta to forage the following day, coordinated and intensive dispersal of cormorants from the interior delta may, temporarily, limit cormorant impacts to Mississippi aquaculture. JF - Waterbirds AU - Tobin, ME AU - King, D T AU - Dorr, B S AU - Werner, S J AU - Reinhold, D S AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi Research Station, P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 44 EP - 51 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 1524-4695, 1524-4695 KW - Channel catfish KW - Double-crested cormorant KW - Graceful catfish KW - Roost Harassment KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Rivers KW - Predation KW - Behaviour KW - Predators KW - Pest control KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta KW - Phalacrocorax auritus KW - Freshwater KW - Aquaculture KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Biotelemetry KW - Tracking KW - Local movements KW - Movements KW - USA, Louisiana KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Disturbance KW - Fish culture KW - Aquaculture techniques KW - Aquatic birds KW - Roosts KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture KW - Y 25933:Resting behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1665492894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Roost+Harassment+on+Cormorant+Movements+and+Roosting+in+the+Delta+Region+of+Mississippi&rft.au=Tobin%2C+ME%3BKing%2C+D+T%3BDorr%2C+B+S%3BWerner%2C+S+J%3BReinhold%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Tobin&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waterbirds&rft.issn=15244695&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Local movements; Behaviour; Pest control; Predators; Tracking; Biotelemetry; Aquatic birds; Aquaculture techniques; Fish culture; Rivers; Predation; Movements; Disturbance; Aquaculture; Roosts; Phalacrocorax auritus; Ictalurus punctatus; USA, Mississippi; USA, Louisiana; ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiological Characterization and Genetic Engineering of Pseudomonas corrugata for Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesis from Triacylglycerols AN - 1448224263; 18620121 AB - Pseudomonas belonging to the rRNA-DNA homology group I produce medium-chain-length (mcl)-polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). We show that P. corrugata, a member of this group, accumulates 0.5-1.0 g of mcl-PHA/L of culture when grown on glucose (Gl) or oleic acid (Ol). The predominant monomers of Gl-PHA and Ol-PHA are beta -hydroxydecanoate and beta -hydroxyoctanoate, respectively. The molecular masses and polydispersity of P. corrugata PHAs are higher than those typically found with other Pseudomonas. We electrotransformed P. corrugata with a plasmid pCN51lip-1 carrying Pseudomonas lipase genes to generate strain III111-1. The recombinant strain grew on intact triacylglycerols (TAGs) to 1.9-2.7 g of cell-dry-weight/L of culture. The yields and the predominant repeat-units of PHAs obtained from the lard- and tallow-grown III111-1 were similar to those of Ol-PHA from wild-type cells. In contrast to other Pseudomonas species, P. corrugata III111-1 grown on TAGs at temperatures up to 36 degree C was not significantly affected with regard to cell yields, amounts of PHA produced, and the repeat unit compositions of the polymer. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Solaiman, Daniel KY AU - Ashby, Richard D AU - Foglia, Thomas A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane,, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, US Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 189 EP - 195 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 44 IS - 3 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cell culture KW - Triglycerides KW - Pseudomonas KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - G 07770:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448224263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Physiological+Characterization+and+Genetic+Engineering+of+Pseudomonas+corrugata+for+Medium-Chain-Length+Polyhydroxyalkanoates+Synthesis+from+Triacylglycerols&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+Daniel+KY%3BAshby%2C+Richard+D%3BFoglia%2C+Thomas+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-001-0086-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triglycerides; Pseudomonas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-001-0086-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retinoic acid inhibits hepatic Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent signaling pathway in ethanol-fed rats. AN - 71533028; 11896582 AB - Retinoic acid (RA) supplementation suppresses ethanol-enhanced hepatocyte hyperproliferation in rats; however, little is known about the mechanism(s). Here, we investigated whether RA affects the protein kinase signaling pathways in the liver tissues of rats fed with a high dose of ethanol for a prolonged period of time (6 months). Results show that there were greater levels of phosphorylated Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphorylated c-Jun protein, but not total JNK protein, in livers of ethanol-fed rats vs those of controls. Moreover, ethanol feeding to rats increased the levels of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-4 (MKK-4) and decreased the levels of mitogen-activated kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in liver tissue. However, hepatic levels of phosphorylated-p38 protein and total-p38 protein were not altered by the ethanol treatment. In contrast, all-trans-RA supplementation at two doses in ethanol-fed rats greatly attenuated the ethanol-induced hepatic phosphorylation of MKK-4, phosphorylated-JNK and c-Jun proteins. The level of MKP-1 was increased in ethanol-fed rats supplemented with all-trans-RA. Further, ethanol-induced hepatocyte hyperproliferation, measured by immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, were markedly decreased by all-trans-RA supplementation. Interestingly, hepatic apoptosis in the liver of ethanol-fed rats after 6 months of treatment decreased significantly. This decrease of hepatic apoptosis in ethanol-fed rats was prevented by all-trans-RA supplementation in a dose-dependent manner. The results from these studies indicate that restoration of RA homeostasis is critical for the regulation of JNK-dependent signaling pathway and apoptosis in the liver of ethanol-fed rats. JF - Oncogene AU - Chung, Jayong AU - Chavez, Pollyanna R G AU - Russell, Robert M AU - Wang, Xiang-Dong AD - Molecular Carcinogenesis Section, Gastrointestinal Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 2002/02/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 28 SP - 1539 EP - 1547 VL - 21 IS - 10 SN - 0950-9232, 0950-9232 KW - Cell Cycle Proteins KW - 0 KW - Immediate-Early Proteins KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Tretinoin KW - 5688UTC01R KW - JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases KW - EC 2.7.12.2 KW - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases KW - EC 3.1.3.16 KW - Protein Phosphatase 1 KW - Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 KW - EC 3.1.3.48 KW - Dusp1 protein, rat KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases -- metabolism KW - Immediate-Early Proteins -- metabolism KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen -- immunology KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun -- metabolism KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen -- analysis KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases -- metabolism KW - Phosphorylation -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Tretinoin -- pharmacology KW - MAP Kinase Signaling System -- drug effects KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Ethanol -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Ethanol -- administration & dosage KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71533028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncogene&rft.atitle=Retinoic+acid+inhibits+hepatic+Jun+N-terminal+kinase-dependent+signaling+pathway+in+ethanol-fed+rats.&rft.au=Chung%2C+Jayong%3BChavez%2C+Pollyanna+R+G%3BRussell%2C+Robert+M%3BWang%2C+Xiang-Dong&rft.aulast=Chung&rft.aufirst=Jayong&rft.date=2002-02-28&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oncogene&rft.issn=09509232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of stormflow generation - A hillslope-scale field study in east-central Pennsylvania, USA AN - 1665490096; 5346266 AB - A 40 m x 20 m mowed, grass hillslope adjacent to a headwater stream within a 26-ha watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, USA, was instrumented to identify and map the extent and dynamics of surface saturation (areas with the water table at the surface) and surface runoff source areas. Rainfall, stream flow and surface runoff from the hillslope were recorded at 5-min intervals from 11 August to 22 November 1998, and 13 April to 12 November 1999. The dynamics of the water table (0 to 45 cm depth from the soil surface) and the occurrence of surface runoff source areas across the hillslope were recorded using specially designed subsurface saturation and surface runoff sensors, respectively. Detailed data analyses for two rainfall events that occurred in August (57.7 mm in 150 min) and September (83.6 mm in 1265 min) 1999, illustrated the spatial and temporal dynamics of surface saturation and surface runoff source areas. Temporal data analyses showed the necessity to measure the hillslope dynamics at time intervals comparable to that of rainfall measurements. Both infiltration excess surface runoff (runoff caused when rainfall intensity exceeds soil infiltration capacity) and saturation excess surface runoff (runoff caused when soil moisture storage capacity is exceeded) source areas were recorded during these rainfall events. The August rainfall event was primarily an infiltration excess surface runoff event, whereas the September rainfall event produced both infiltration excess and saturation excess surface runoff. Occurrence and disappearance of infiltration excess surface runoff source areas during the rainfall events appeared scattered across the hillslope. Analysis of surface saturation and surface runoff data showed that not all surface saturation areas produced surface runoff that reached the stream. Emergence of subsurface flow to the surface during the post-rainfall periods appeared to be a major flow process dominating the hillslope after the August rainfall event. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Srinivasan AU - Gburek, W J AU - Hamlett, J M AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit (PSWMRU), Building 3702 Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802, USA, mss147@psu.edu Y1 - 2002/02/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 28 SP - 649 EP - 665 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Storm Runoff KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Rainfall-runoff relationships KW - Infiltration KW - Streamflow KW - Storm runoff KW - Soil Properties KW - Mapping KW - Saturation KW - Groundwater KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - M2 556.161:Rainfall-runoff relation. Runoff factors (556.161) KW - M2 551.579.1:Water supply from precipitation (551.579.1) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1665490096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+stormflow+generation+-+A+hillslope-scale+field+study+in+east-central+Pennsylvania%2C+USA&rft.au=Srinivasan%3BGburek%2C+W+J%3BHamlett%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Srinivasan&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-02-28&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fhyp.311 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rainfall-runoff relationships; Storm runoff; Storm Runoff; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Infiltration; Streamflow; Mapping; Soil Properties; Groundwater; Saturation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.311 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1), the initial reaction product of fumonisin B(1) and D-glucose. AN - 71460908; 11853524 AB - Incubation of fumonisin B(1) and D-glucose in aqueous solutions resulted in the formation of N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) in addition to the previously reported N-(carboxymethyl) fumonisin B(1). N-(1-Deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) is the first stable product formed after the Amadori rearrangement of the Schiff base formed by the reaction of the primary amine of fumonisin B(1) and the aldehyde group of D-glucose. N-(1-Deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) was synthesized by reacting fumonisin B(1) with an excess of D-glucose in methanol and heating for 6 h at 64 degrees C. It was purified using C(18) and strong cation exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Subsequently, N,N-dimethylformamide was found to be a better reaction solvent, requiring reaction for only 2-3 h at 64 degrees C and eliminating the formation of methyl esters. Alkaline hydrolysis of N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl) fumonisin B(1) gave a mixture of hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1) and hydrolyzed N-(carboxymethyl) fumonisin B(1). JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Poling, Stephen M AU - Plattner, Ronald D AU - Weisleder, David AD - Mycotoxin Research, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. polingsm@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 27 SP - 1318 EP - 1324 VL - 50 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Mycotoxins KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment KW - Glucose -- chemistry KW - Carboxylic Acids -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71460908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=N-%281-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl%29+fumonisin+B%281%29%2C+the+initial+reaction+product+of+fumonisin+B%281%29+and+D-glucose.&rft.au=Poling%2C+Stephen+M%3BPlattner%2C+Ronald+D%3BWeisleder%2C+David&rft.aulast=Poling&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2002-02-27&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric characterization of all acyclic C5-C7 alkenes from fluid catalytic cracked gasoline using polydimethylsiloxane and squalane stationary phases. AN - 71491863; 11873990 AB - Published retention indices of acyclic alkenes C5-C7 on squalane and polydimethylsiloxane as stationary phases were investigated, and reliable retention indices of alkenes from various sources were converted to separation systems used in a laboratory. Retention indices measured on available authentic commercial alkenes and on alkenic fraction of gasoline, published retention indices as well as means of GC-MS were used for verification of calculated retention indices. Retention of some gas chromatographic unseparated isomer pairs was obtained by mass spectrometric deconvolution using a specific single-ion monitoring. On the basis of these retention data, C5-C7 alkenes were identified and analyzed in the gasoline from fluid catalytic cracking. In the gasoline all 59 acyclic C5-C7 isomeric alkenes were determined at significantly different concentration levels. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Soják, Ladislav AU - Addová, Gabriela AU - Kubinec, Róbert AU - Kraus, Angelika AU - Hu, Gengyuan AD - Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. sojak@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/02/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 15 SP - 103 EP - 117 VL - 947 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Alkenes KW - 0 KW - Dimethylpolysiloxanes KW - Gasoline KW - Silicones KW - baysilon KW - 63148-62-9 KW - Squalene KW - 7QWM220FJH KW - squalane KW - GW89575KF9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Catalysis KW - Silicones -- chemistry KW - Dimethylpolysiloxanes -- chemistry KW - Alkenes -- chemistry KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Gasoline -- analysis KW - Squalene -- analogs & derivatives KW - Squalene -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71491863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Gas+chromatographic-mass+spectrometric+characterization+of+all+acyclic+C5-C7+alkenes+from+fluid+catalytic+cracked+gasoline+using+polydimethylsiloxane+and+squalane+stationary+phases.&rft.au=Soj%C3%A1k%2C+Ladislav%3BAddov%C3%A1%2C+Gabriela%3BKubinec%2C+R%C3%B3bert%3BKraus%2C+Angelika%3BHu%2C+Gengyuan&rft.aulast=Soj%C3%A1k&rft.aufirst=Ladislav&rft.date=2002-02-15&rft.volume=947&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved method for quantifying the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride in bird tissues using a deuterated surrogate/GC/MS method. AN - 71444936; 11829637 AB - A method using a deuterated surrogate of the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH) was developed to quantify the CPTH residues in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and breast muscle tissues in birds collected in CPTH-baited sunflower and rice fields. This method increased the range of a previous surrogate/gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy method from 0-2 to 0-20 microg/g in tissue samples and greatly simplified the extraction procedure. The modified method also sought to increase recoveries over a range of matrix effects introduced by analyzing tissues from birds collected in the field, where the GI tract contents would be affected by varying diet. The new method was used to determine the CPTH concentration in GI tract samples fortified with CPTH-treated rice bait to simulate the consumption of varying amounts of treated bait by two nontargeted bird species, pigeon (Columbia livia) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus). The new method was then used to examine the CPTH concentrations in the gizzard contents of the targeted bird species, red-winged black bird (Agelaius phoeniceus) and brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), that were collected after feeding at a treated bait site. The method proved sufficiently sensitive to quantify CPTH in the breast muscle tissues and the gizzard contents of red-winged blackbirds and brown-headed cowbirds during an operational baiting program. The levels of CPTH determined for these birds in both tissue samples were determined to be highly correlated. The appearance of CPTH in the breast muscle tissue immediately after feeding was not anticipated. The potential secondary hazard posed by the targeted birds to potential scavengers and predators was also evaluated. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Stahl, Randal S AU - Custer, Thomas W AU - Pochop, Patricia A AU - Johnston, John J AD - National Wildlife Research Center, USDA/APHIS, 4101 Laporte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA. randal.s.stahl@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02/13/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 13 SP - 732 EP - 738 VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Toluidines KW - starlicide KW - 95-74-9 KW - Deuterium KW - AR09D82C7G KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Songbirds KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Columbidae KW - Gizzard, Avian -- chemistry KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Toluidines -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Birds KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- chemistry KW - Digestive System -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71444936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Improved+method+for+quantifying+the+avicide+3-chloro-p-toluidine+hydrochloride+in+bird+tissues+using+a+deuterated+surrogate%2FGC%2FMS+method.&rft.au=Stahl%2C+Randal+S%3BCuster%2C+Thomas+W%3BPochop%2C+Patricia+A%3BJohnston%2C+John+J&rft.aulast=Stahl&rft.aufirst=Randal&rft.date=2002-02-13&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=732&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Peracid Formation as the Basis for Resistance to Infection in Plants Transformed with Haloperoxidase AN - 18445011; 5419010 AB - Nonheme haloperoxidase (HPO-P) isolated from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia catalyzed the peroxidation of alkyl acids to peracids. Among acids tested as substrates, acetic acid was most readily peroxidized. The reaction product peracetate possessed potent antifungal activity: 50% death (LD sub(50)) of Aspergillus flavus occurred at 25 mu M peracetate. Viability of A. flavus was inhibited by up to 80% by leaf extracts of tobacco plants transformed with the HPO-P gene from P. pyrrocinia compared to viability of fungi exposed to extracts from controls. To elucidate if peracid formation by HPO-P was the basis for antifungal activity in transgenic leaf tissues, lethalities of hydrogen peroxide-acetate-HPO-P combinations against A. flavus were examined in vitro. LD sub(50) of A. flavus exposed to the combinations occurred at 30 mM acetate when concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and HPO-P were held constant. This value was identical to the LD sub(50) produced by 30 mM acetate in the absence of hydrogen peroxide-HPO-P and therefore did not account for enhanced antifungal activity in transgenic plants. For clarification, kinetics of the enzymic reaction were examined. According to the concentration of acetate needed for enzyme saturation (K sub(m) = 250 mM), acetate was lethal prior to its oxidation to peracetate. Results indicate that peracid generation by HPO-P was not the basis for enhanced antifungal activity in transgenic plants expressing the HPO-P gene. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Jacks, T J AU - Rajasekaran, K AU - Stromberg, K D AU - De Lucca, AJ AU - Van Pee, K-H AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 2002/02/13/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 13 SP - 706 EP - 709 VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - haloperoxidase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18445011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Peracid+Formation+as+the+Basis+for+Resistance+to+Infection+in+Plants+Transformed+with+Haloperoxidase&rft.au=Jacks%2C+T+J%3BRajasekaran%2C+K%3BStromberg%2C+K+D%3BDe+Lucca%2C+AJ%3BVan+Pee%2C+K-H&rft.aulast=Jacks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-02-13&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=706&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf011006q LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf011006q ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agarose/agar assay system for the selection of bacteriocin-producing lactic fermentation bacteria AN - 18374559; 5357233 AB - The direct selection of bacteriocin-producing lactic fermentation bacteria was possible by plating diluted cultures of Pediococcus acidilactici on mixed agarose agar layers with the amount of each component incrementally adjusted to 1.2% (w/v). Between 0.5 and 1% agarose, the increased flexibility of the solidified support layer allowed its removal from Petri dishes without tearing and its smooth layering on the surface of 1.5% (w/v) standard agar medium seeded with Listeria innocua as the test organism. Selection of bacteriocin-producing clones was based on the size of inhibition zones visible in the bottom agar layer under colonies growing on the agarose/agar top layer. The lack of contact with the test organism permitted the transfer of superior clones from the surface of the agarose/agar layer directly into an appropriate nutrient medium. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Somkuti, G A AU - Steinberg, D H AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, gsomkuti@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/02/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 02 SP - 303 EP - 308 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - J 02705:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18374559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Agarose%2Fagar+assay+system+for+the+selection+of+bacteriocin-producing+lactic+fermentation+bacteria&rft.au=Somkuti%2C+G+A%3BSteinberg%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Somkuti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-02-02&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymerase-chain-reaction-based detection of individual polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase phaC1 and phaC2 genes AN - 18374524; 5357224 AB - A semi-nested PCR method for the specific and individual amplification of type II phaC1 and phaC2 subgenomic fragments containing the catalytically important lipase box-like sequence and the phosphopantetheine binding site was developed. Direct sequencing of these Delta phaC1 and Delta phaC2 fragments is possible, thus greatly facilitating the characterization of these genes. The method was used to show that three strains of Pseudomonas oleovorans harbor different pha loci, while five strains of P. corrugata contain identical Delta phaC1 and Delta phaC2 subgenomic fragments. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Solaiman, DKY AD - ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, dsolaiman@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/02/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 02 SP - 245 EP - 250 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - phaC1 gene KW - phaC2 gene KW - polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18374524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Polymerase-chain-reaction-based+detection+of+individual+polyhydroxyalkanoate+synthase+phaC1+and+phaC2+genes&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+DKY&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=DKY&rft.date=2002-02-02&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of mono- to deca-brominated diphenyl ethers in chickens at the part per billion level. AN - 71666345; 11999786 AB - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants which have been found to be increasing in the environment. Because of structural similarities to the polychlorinated biphenyls and concerns that PBDEs may be widespread, we have investigated their presence in a food source, namely chickens. A GC-MS method was developed to analyze mono- through deca-BDEs in chicken fat samples. The method utilized GC pressure programming and selected ion monitoring to quantitate PBDEs at the low part per billion level. Four 13C-labeled surrogates were used to determine recoveries; recoveries averaged from 76% to 114%. Thirteen chickens from the Southern US and a composite sample of chickens from North Dakota were analyzed by this method. The total concentrations of PBDEs on a whole weight basis ranged from 1.7 ppb in North Dakota chickens to 39.4 ppb in a chicken from Arkansas. On a lipid weight basis, these levels were lower than those generally found in fish and fish-eating mammals. The PBDE pattern was also different from other samples reported; penta-BDEs rather than tetra-BDEs were the most prominent congeners. JF - Chemosphere AU - Huwe, Janice K AU - Lorentzsen, Margaret AU - Thuresson, Kaj AU - Bergman, Ake AD - USDA, ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, University Station, Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA. huwej@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 635 EP - 640 VL - 46 IS - 5 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Flame Retardants KW - Phenyl Ethers KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Animals KW - Phenyl Ethers -- pharmacokinetics KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Phenyl Ethers -- chemistry KW - Phenyl Ethers -- analysis KW - Flame Retardants -- analysis KW - Chickens KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- analysis KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- pharmacokinetics KW - Polybrominated Biphenyls -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Flame Retardants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71666345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+mono-+to+deca-brominated+diphenyl+ethers+in+chickens+at+the+part+per+billion+level.&rft.au=Huwe%2C+Janice+K%3BLorentzsen%2C+Margaret%3BThuresson%2C+Kaj%3BBergman%2C+Ake&rft.aulast=Huwe&rft.aufirst=Janice&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fdb1 and Fdb2, Fusarium verticillioides loci necessary for detoxification of preformed antimicrobials from corn. AN - 71489807; 11876429 AB - Fusarium verticillioides is a fungus of significant economic importance because of its deleterious effects on plant and animal health and on the quality of their products. Corn (Zea mays) is the primary host for F. verticillioides, and we have investigated the impact of the plant's antimicrobial compounds (DIMBOA, DIBOA, MBOA, and BOA) on fungal virulence and systemic colonization. F. verticillioides is able to metabolize these antimicrobials, and genetic analyses indicated two loci, Fdb1 and Fdb2, were involved in detoxification. Mutation at either locus caused sensitivity and no detoxification. In vitro physiological complementation assays resulted in detoxification of BOA and suggested that an unknown intermediate compound was produced. Production of the intermediate compound involved Fdbl, and a lesion in fdb2 preventing complete metabolism of BOA resulted in transformation of the intermediate into an unidentified metabolite. Based on genetic and physiological data, a branched detoxification pathway is proposed. Use of genetically characterized detoxifying and nondetoxifying strains indicated that detoxification of the corn antimicrobials was not a major virulence factor, since detoxification was not necessary for development of severe seedling blight or for infection and endophytic colonization of seedlings. Production of the antimicrobials does not appear to be a highly effective resistance mechanism against F. verticillioides. JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Glenn, A E AU - Gold, S E AU - Bacon, C W AD - Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602 USA. aglenn@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 91 EP - 101 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Mutation KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71489807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=Fdb1+and+Fdb2%2C+Fusarium+verticillioides+loci+necessary+for+detoxification+of+preformed+antimicrobials+from+corn.&rft.au=Glenn%2C+A+E%3BGold%2C+S+E%3BBacon%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Glenn&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicted impact of transgenic, herbicidetolerant corn on drinking water quality in vulnerable watersheds of the mid-western USA. AN - 71461925; 11852639 AB - In the intensely farmed corn-growing regions of the mid-western USA, surface waters have often been contaminated by herbicides, principally as a result of rainfall runoff occurring shortly after application of these to corn and other crops. In some vulnerable watersheds, water quality criteria for chronic human exposure through drinking water are occasionally exceeded. We selected three settings representative of vulnerable corn-region watersheds, and used the PRZM-EXAMS model with the Index Reservoir scenario to predict corn herbicide concentrations in the reservoirs as a function of herbicide properties and use pattern, site characteristics and weather in the watersheds. We compared herbicide application scenarios, including broadcast surface pre-plant atrazine and alachlor applications with a glyphosate pre-plant application, scenarios in which losses of herbicides were mitigated by incorporation or banding, and scenarios in which only glyphosate or glufosinate post-emergent herbicides were used with corn genetically modified to be resistant to them. In the absence of drift, in almost all years a single runoff event dominates the input into the reservoir. As a result, annual average pesticide concentrations are highly correlated with annual maximum daily values. The modeled concentrations were generally higher than those derived from monitoring data, even for no-drift model scenarios. Because of their lower post-emergent application rates and greater soil sorptivity, glyphosate and glufosinate loads in runoff were generally one-fifth to one-tenth those of atrazine and alachlor. These model results indicate that the replacement of pre-emergent corn herbicides with the post-emergent herbicides allowed by genetic modification of crops would dramatically reduce herbicide concentrations in vulnerable watersheds. Given the significantly lower chronic mammalian toxicity of these compounds, and their vulnerability to breakdown in the drinking water treatment process, risks to human populations through drinking water would also be reduced. JF - Pest management science AU - Wauchope, R Don AU - Estes, Tammara L AU - Allen, Richard AU - Baker, James L AU - Hornsby, Arthur G AU - Jones, Russell L AU - Richards, R Peter AU - Gustafson, David I AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA 31793, USA. Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 146 EP - 160 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Aminobutyrates KW - Herbicides KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - glyphosate KW - 4632WW1X5A KW - phosphinothricin KW - 51276-47-2 KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Glycine KW - TE7660XO1C KW - metolachlor KW - X0I01K05X2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Molecular Structure KW - United States KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Computer Simulation KW - Acetamides -- chemistry KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Aminobutyrates -- analysis KW - Atrazine -- chemistry KW - Acetamides -- analysis KW - Time Factors KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Aminobutyrates -- chemistry KW - Zea mays -- adverse effects KW - Glycine -- chemistry KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Plants, Genetically Modified -- adverse effects KW - Herbicides -- chemistry KW - Glycine -- analysis KW - Glycine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71461925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Predicted+impact+of+transgenic%2C+herbicidetolerant+corn+on+drinking+water+quality+in+vulnerable+watersheds+of+the+mid-western+USA.&rft.au=Wauchope%2C+R+Don%3BEstes%2C+Tammara+L%3BAllen%2C+Richard%3BBaker%2C+James+L%3BHornsby%2C+Arthur+G%3BJones%2C+Russell+L%3BRichards%2C+R+Peter%3BGustafson%2C+David+I&rft.aulast=Wauchope&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selenium-enriched broccoli decreases intestinal tumorigenesis in multiple intestinal neoplasia mice. AN - 71437757; 11823596 AB - Multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice are a good model for the investigation of the effects of dietary alterations in a genetic model for intestinal cancer. Previous studies have shown that selenium-enriched broccoli is protective against chemically induced colon cancer susceptibility. This study investigated whether selenium-enriched broccoli would be protective against intestinal cancer susceptibility in Min mice. Five-week-old heterozygotic male Min mice were fed an AIN-93-based diet containing either low-selenium broccoli or an equivalent amount of high-selenium broccoli for 10 wk. Mice fed the selenium-enriched broccoli had fewer (P < 0.02) small intestinal (46.4 +/- 3.7 vs. 65.6 +/- 6.1) and large intestinal (0.43 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.93 +/- 0.27) tumors than those fed an equivalent amount of unenriched broccoli. Min mice fed the selenium-enriched broccoli had small but significant (P < 0.0001) increases in plasma and liver selenium concentrations and red blood cell glutathione peroxidase activity. These results extend previous observations that selenium-enriched broccoli is protective against chemically induced mammary and colon cancer in rats. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Davis, Cindy D AU - Zeng, Huawei AU - Finley, John W AD - U. S. Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA. cdavis@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 307 EP - 309 VL - 132 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Glutathione Peroxidase KW - EC 1.11.1.9 KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Glutathione Peroxidase -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Glutathione Peroxidase -- blood KW - Mice KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Brassica -- chemistry KW - Selenium -- blood KW - Selenium -- pharmacology KW - Intestinal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Selenium -- administration & dosage KW - Intestinal Neoplasms -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71437757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Selenium-enriched+broccoli+decreases+intestinal+tumorigenesis+in+multiple+intestinal+neoplasia+mice.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Cindy+D%3BZeng%2C+Huawei%3BFinley%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Cindy&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suspected cresol poisoning in cattle presented for slaughter. AN - 71430414; 11824764 AB - Cresol poisoning was suspected in agroup of cattle presented for slaughter at a federaly inspected plant in Illinois. Four cattle died shortly after being unloaded at the slaughter facility, while another animal died after being returned to the feedlot of origin in Iowa. The clinical signs in the affected cattle were lethargy, depression, ataxia, leg weakness, sternal recumbency, dehydration, and severe bloating. Metacresol (3-methyl phenol), commonly found in disinfectants used to clean and sanitize farm equipment and barns, was detected in rumen content from 4 necropsied animals ranging from 25.3 to 52.6 ppm. The exact source of exposure was not identified, but was probably accidental on the farm of origin or on the trailers used for animal transit to the slaughter plant. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Hussain, Khadim AU - Campagnolo, Enzo R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service Field Operations, Chicago District Office, Lombard, Illinois 60148, USA. Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 11 EP - 14 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Cresols KW - 0 KW - cresol KW - GF3CGH8D7Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Illinois KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cresols -- poisoning KW - Cattle Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Cattle Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71430414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Suspected+cresol+poisoning+in+cattle+presented+for+slaughter.&rft.au=Hussain%2C+Khadim%3BCampagnolo%2C+Enzo+R&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=Khadim&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary selenite and azadeoxycytidine treatments affect dimethylhydrazine-induced aberrant crypt formation in rat colon and DNA methylation in HT-29 cells. AN - 71426939; 11823593 AB - Several observations implicate a role for altered DNA methylation in cancer pathogenesis. The global level of DNA methylation is generally lower; however, DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt1) activity is usually higher in tumor cells than in normal cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Dnmt1 inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (aza-dC) would alter the effect of dietary selenium on the formation of aberrant crypts. Weanling rats (n = 60) were fed three concentrations of selenium (deficient, 0.1 and 2.0 mg/kg diet) in a Torula yeast-based diet. Half of the rats were injected weekly with aza-dC (1 mg/kg, subcutaneously) and half were injected with the vehicle control (PBS). After 3.5 wk of consuming the experimental diets, the rats were given two injections of dimethylhydrazine (DMH; 25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Rats fed the selenium-deficient diet and injected with PBS had significantly (P < 0.006) more aberrant crypts than rats fed 0.1 or 2.0 mg selenium/kg diet (244 +/- 21 vs. 165 +/- 9 and 132 +/- 14, respectively). In contrast, when rats were injected with aza-dC, there was a significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in aberrant crypt formation and dietary selenium had no effect (62 +/- 8 vs. 77 +/- 13 vs. 54 +/- 8, in rats fed 0, 0.1 and 2.0 mg selenium/kg diet, respectively). HT-29 cells cultured in the absence of selenium had significantly hypomethylated DNA but significantly more Dnmt1 protein expression than cells cultured in the presence of 1 or 2 micromol/L selenium. These results suggest that aza-dC treatment may protect selenium-deficient rats against carcinogen-induced aberrant crypt formation. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Davis, Cindy D AU - Uthus, Eric O AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA. cdavis@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 292 EP - 297 VL - 132 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Dimethylhydrazines KW - decitabine KW - 776B62CQ27 KW - DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase KW - EC 2.1.1.37 KW - DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 KW - Sodium Selenite KW - HIW548RQ3W KW - Azacitidine KW - M801H13NRU KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Administration, Oral KW - Dimethylhydrazines -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Humans KW - HT29 Cells -- metabolism KW - DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - HT29 Cells -- drug effects KW - DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Sodium Selenite -- administration & dosage KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- administration & dosage KW - Azacitidine -- pharmacology KW - Colon -- pathology KW - Sodium Selenite -- pharmacology KW - Azacitidine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Azacitidine -- administration & dosage KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- pharmacology KW - Colon -- metabolism KW - DNA Methylation -- drug effects KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71426939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Dietary+selenite+and+azadeoxycytidine+treatments+affect+dimethylhydrazine-induced+aberrant+crypt+formation+in+rat+colon+and+DNA+methylation+in+HT-29+cells.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Cindy+D%3BUthus%2C+Eric+O&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Cindy&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methodology and applications of automatic electron-density map interpretation by six-dimensional rotational and translational search for molecular fragments. AN - 71416030; 11807252 AB - The electron density for a search fragment and for the crystal is expanded in the space of spherical harmonics Bessel functions. The fast rotation function is evaluated for each grid point to test if the fragment can be orientated there. For the best scoring points, the six-dimensional coordinates of the fragment are refined by the second-derivative block-diagonal procedure. The method is able to locate fragments precisely over a wide range of resolutions for structure types from small organic molecules to proteins. JF - Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography AU - Pavelcik, Frantisek AU - Zelinka, Jan AU - Otwinowski, Zbyszek AD - The University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Department of Biochemistry, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA. pavelcik@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 275 EP - 283 VL - 58 SN - 0907-4449, 0907-4449 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds KW - Conotoxins KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Peptides, Cyclic KW - Plant Proteins KW - Proteins KW - SigI protein, Bacillus subtilis KW - Sigma Factor KW - cyclo(Gly-Pro-Pro-Gly-Pro-Pro) KW - crambin protein, Crambe abyssinica KW - 78783-34-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Plant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemistry KW - Electrons KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds -- chemistry KW - Sigma Factor -- chemistry KW - Random Allocation KW - Peptides, Cyclic -- chemistry KW - Protein Conformation KW - Conotoxins -- chemistry KW - Proteins -- chemistry KW - Models, Molecular KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71416030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+crystallographica.+Section+D%2C+Biological+crystallography&rft.atitle=Methodology+and+applications+of+automatic+electron-density+map+interpretation+by+six-dimensional+rotational+and+translational+search+for+molecular+fragments.&rft.au=Pavelcik%2C+Frantisek%3BZelinka%2C+Jan%3BOtwinowski%2C+Zbyszek&rft.aulast=Pavelcik&rft.aufirst=Frantisek&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+crystallographica.+Section+D%2C+Biological+crystallography&rft.issn=09074449&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote sensing of soil moisture: implications for groundwater recharge AN - 19184619; 5747813 AB - Remote sensing provides information on the land surface. Therefore, linkages must be established if these data are to be used in groundwater and recharge analyses. Keys to this process are the use of remote sensing techniques that provide information on soil moisture and water-balance models that tie these observations to the recharge. Microwave remote sensing techniques are used to map the spatial domain of surface soil moisture and to monitor its temporal dynamics, information that cannot be measured using other techniques. The physical basis of this approach is presented with examples of how microwave remote sensing is utilized in groundwater recharge and related studies.Original Abstract: La teledetection fournit des informations sur la surface du sol. C'est pourquoi des liens doivent etre etablis lorsque ces donnees sont utilisees dans l'etude des eaux souterraines et de leur recharge. Les cles de cette demarche sont l'utilisation des techniques de teledetection qui informent sur l'humidite du sol et les modeles de bilan hydrologique qui associent ces observations a la recharge. Les techniques de teledetection dans le domaine des micro-ondes sont mises en muvre pour cartographier l'humidite du sol en surface dans l'espace et pour suivre sa dynamique dans le temps, informations qui ne peuvent pas etre obtenues par d'autres techniques. La base physique de cette approche est presentee avec des exemples d'utilisation de la teledetection micro-onde pour la recharge de nappes et dans les etudes associees. Additional abstract: La teledeteccion proporciona informacion de la superficie terrestre. Por ello, se debe establecer vinculos si se pretende utilizar dichos datos para analisis de aguas subterraneas y recarga. Son factores clave en este proceso el uso de tecnicas de teledeteccion para recoger informacion sobre la humedad del suelo y los modelos de balance de agua que ligan estas observaciones con la recarga. Las tecnicas de teledeteccion por microondas se emplean con el fin de cartografiar el dominio espacial de la humedad superficial del suelo y controlar su dinamica temporal, cosa que no se puede lograr con otros medios. Se presenta el fundamento fisico de este enfoque mediante ejemplos de como la teledeteccion por microondas es aplicada en estudios de recarga y trabajos relacionados. JF - Hydrogeology Journal AU - Jackson, T J AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, 104 Bldg. 007 BARC-West, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 40 EP - 51 PB - Springer-Verlag (New York), P.O. Box 2485 Secaucus NJ 07096-2485 USA, [mailto:orders@springer-ny.com], [URL:http://www.springer-ny.com/] VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1431-2174, 1431-2174 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Groundwater recharge KW - Remote sensing KW - Soil moisture KW - Remote Sensing KW - Microwaves KW - Geohydrology KW - Soil Water KW - Groundwater Recharge KW - Model Studies KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19184619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrogeology+Journal&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing+of+soil+moisture%3A+implications+for+groundwater+recharge&rft.au=Jackson%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrogeology+Journal&rft.issn=14312174&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Remote Sensing; Microwaves; Geohydrology; Soil Water; Groundwater Recharge; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation tillage methods for cotton grown with subsurface drip irrigation on compacted soil AN - 18917526; 5458969 AB - Subsurface drip irrigation and conservation tillage are tools for improving water management for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In previous research with cotton grown with no tillage over subsurface drip laterals, excessive soil compaction near the soil surface occurred. We hypothesized that loosening this compacted surface soil would improve cotton productivity. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a 2-year field experiment to determine the effect of three levels of soil loosening (no tillage, shallow in-row tillage with a rigid shank, and shallow tillage with a stubble mulch plow to loosen the entire surface layer of soil) and two drip lateral spacings (under every row and in every other row middle; 1-m and 2-m spacings, respectively) on early-season physiological parameters and productivity of cotton. The subsurface drip irrigation system had been used for 7 years before initiating this experiment. Early-season cotton leaf gas exchange, leaf nutrient concentrations, yield, and fiber quality were measured. The tillage implements loosened the soil as expected (as determined with a cone penetrometer), but the level of soil loosening had almost no effect on leaf gas exchange and leaf nutrient status. Similarly, tillage and lateral spacing did not affect cotton yield and quality. Yields were not high (mean yield of 1215 kg/hain 1998 and 700 kg/hain 1999) but were not atypical for irrigated yields in this region during those years. Conservation tillage methods that include shallow tillage over drip laterals on compacted SE coastal plain soils did not improve cotton productivity. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bauer, P J AU - Camp, C R AU - Busscher, W J AD - USDA-ARS, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501-1242, USA, bauer@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 119 EP - 125 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Testing Procedures KW - Cotton KW - Water Management KW - Compacted Soils KW - Soil Compaction KW - Field Tests KW - Drip Irrigation KW - Crop Yield KW - Soil Surfaces KW - Soil Conservation KW - Tillage KW - Agricultural Practices KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18917526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Conservation+tillage+methods+for+cotton+grown+with+subsurface+drip+irrigation+on+compacted+soil&rft.au=Bauer%2C+P+J%3BCamp%2C+C+R%3BBusscher%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testing Procedures; Water Management; Cotton; Compacted Soils; Soil Compaction; Soil Conservation; Tillage; Agricultural Practices; Field Tests; Drip Irrigation; Soil Surfaces; Crop Yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The WEPP model for Runoff and Erosion prediction under Sprinkler irrigation AN - 18917472; 5458964 AB - Potential runoff and erosion is a serious problem for some types of sprinkler irrigation systems, particularly traveling laterals and center pivots on medium- to heavy-textured soils operating on sloping land. Prediction of when runoff might occur is part of the system design process. The USDA-ARS Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was tested with 3 years of field data under high-rate sprinklers in southern Idaho. Runoff and soil loss were measured on the upper, middle, and lower portions of a hillslope. The main parameter affecting infiltration and runoff was the effective hydraulic conductivity. Model predictions for average runoff and soil loss were improved when hydraulic conductivity values were adjusted to account for soil variability across the field. Runoff amounts were small, and prediction variability for individual furrows was quite high, but no more than would be expected from previous studies of infiltration variability. Soil loss predictions were unreliable for the small runoff amounts occurring in this study. The most reasonable use of WEPP for sprinkler irrigation would be for estimating when potential runoff might occur under center pivots for different soils, slopes, and crop management practices, and to determine limits on application depths and rates to avoid serious runoff. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Kincaid, D C AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83341, USA, kincaid@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 67 EP - 72 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Idaho KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Infiltration KW - Sprinkler Irrigation KW - Soil Properties KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Erosion KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18917472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+WEPP+model+for+Runoff+and+Erosion+prediction+under+Sprinkler+irrigation&rft.au=Kincaid%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Kincaid&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural Runoff; Infiltration; Sprinkler Irrigation; Cultivated Lands; Soil Properties; Soil Erosion; Permeability Coefficient; USA, Idaho ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for lateral transfer to Brucellae: characterization of a locus with a Tn-like element (Tn2020) super(1) AN - 18714745; 5600604 AB - A genomic locus was discovered within Brucella abortus that contains a novel transposon-like element designated Tn2020. Tn2020 is bounded by a copy of an insertion sequence designated IS2020 and a truncated imperfect copy of IS2020 (tIS2020A). The truncated copy is immediately adjacent to a second copy of IS2020. These data are consistent with the locus having evolved by a complex rearrangement following the transposition of a second copy of Tn2020. Analysis of the organization, orientation, and open reading frames (ORFs) of IS2020 places it within the IS6 family. Four ORFs from Tn2020 were translated in vitro producing a potential transposase with an apparent molecular mass of 27.5 kDa, and three polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 71 kDa, 22 kDa, and 14 kDa. The central region of Tn2020 encodes the 71 kDa and 14 kDa proteins, while the 22 kDa protein is likely an internal translation initiation product of the IS2020 transposase. The 71 kDa protein shares sequence similarity with several bacterial transcriptional regulatory proteins and may form a helix-turn-helix structure capable of binding DNA. No homologous protein sequences to the 14 kDa peptide were detected in available databases. The 27.5 kDa transposase and its 22 kDa internal translation product shared significant similarity to several transposases from diverse bacterial hosts. Immediately 5' of Tn2020 are genes encoding ribosomal proteins RplU and RpmA. This region also contains a 90 bp sequence that shares significant homology to a repetitive element with inverted repeats from the Sinorhizobium genome. Downstream from Tn2020 is an ORF encoding a protein having significant similarity to a hypothetical protein from Caulobacter. The locus is lower in G+C content from that of the genome. These data suggest that lateral transfer of genetic material has occurred. JF - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Structure and Expression AU - Halling, S M AU - Zuerner, R L AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, shalling@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 109 EP - 116 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 1574 IS - 1 SN - 0167-4781, 0167-4781 KW - lateral transfer KW - transposase KW - transposon Tn2020 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - N 14675:Transposition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18714745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+Biophysica+Acta+-+Gene+Structure+and+Expression&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+lateral+transfer+to+Brucellae%3A+characterization+of+a+locus+with+a+Tn-like+element+%28Tn2020%29+super%281%29&rft.au=Halling%2C+S+M%3BZuerner%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Halling&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=1574&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+Biophysica+Acta+-+Gene+Structure+and+Expression&rft.issn=01674781&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-4781%2801%2900352-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4781(01)00352-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from a Swine Processing Facility and Characterization of Isolates by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles AN - 18601307; 5509837 AB - A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed for the detection and speciation of 60 Campylobacter strains isolated from porcine rectal swabs and from different areas in a pork processing plant. The PCR assay was based on primers specific for the cadF gene of pathogenic Campylobacter species, a specific but undefined gene of Campylobacter jejuni, and the ceuE gene of Campylobacter coli. Further characterization of these isolates was established by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analyses with the restriction endonuclease SmaI. In addition to molecular discrimination, the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were examined by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method with 22 antibiotics. Differentiation of isolates by multiplex PCR identified 86.9% (52 of 60) as C. coli and 13.1% (8 of 60) as C. jejuni. Using the Molecular Analyst software, 60 PFGE types were identified. The percentages of relatedness among C. jejuni strains with PFGE ranged from 25 to 86%, while those among C. coli strains ranged from 34 to 99%. Among the 60 PFGE types, each of 12 C. coli isolates showed greater than or equal to 90% similarity to one other isolate. The antibiotic resistance profiles of all 60 isolates were distinct. Analyses of antibiotic resistance profiles showed that all isolates were resistant to five or more antibiotics. Twenty-five percent (2 of 8) of C. jejuni isolates and 15% (8 of 52) of C. coli isolates were resistant to at least one of the three fluoroquinolones tested, antibiotics that are commonly used in the treatment of human Campylobacter infections. Three percent (2 of 60) of Campylobacter isolates examined were resistant to all three fluoroquinolones. On the basis of the PFGE and antibiotic resistance profiles, each of the 60 isolates was distinct, suggesting that C. jejuni and C. coli strains originating from diverse sources were present in porcine samples and in the pork processing plant. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Cloak, OM AU - Fratamico, P M AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 266 EP - 273 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - cadF gene KW - ceuE gene KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18601307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=A+Multiplex+Polymerase+Chain+Reaction+for+the+Differentiation+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+and+Campylobacter+coli+from+a+Swine+Processing+Facility+and+Characterization+of+Isolates+by+Pulsed-Field+Gel+Electrophoresis+and+Antibiotic+Resistance+Profiles&rft.au=Cloak%2C+OM%3BFratamico%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Cloak&rft.aufirst=OM&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viability of a Five-Strain Mixture of Listeria monocytogenes in Vacuum-Sealed Packages of Frankfurters, Commercially Prepared with and without 2.0 or 3.0% Added Potassium Lactate, during Extended Storage at 4 and 10 degree C AN - 18598089; 5509855 AB - The viability of Listeria monocytogenes was monitored on frankfurters containing added potassium lactate that were obtained directly from a commercial manufacturer. Eight links (ca. 56 g each) were transferred aseptically from the original vacuum-sealed bulk packages into nylon-polyethylene bags. Each bag then received a 4-ml portion of a five-strain mixture of the pathogen. Frankfurters containing 2.0 or 3.0% potassium lactate were evaluated using 20 CFU per package, and frankfurters containing 3.0% potassium lactate were evaluated using 500 CFU per package. The packages were vacuum-sealed and stored at 4 or 10 degree C for up to 90 or 60 days, respectively. During storage at 4 degree C, pathogen numbers remained at about 1.6 log sub(10) CFU per package over 90 days in packages containing frankfurters with 2.0% potassium lactate that were inoculated with about 20 CFU. In packages containing frankfurters with 3.0% potassium lactate that were inoculated with about 20 CFU and stored at 4 degree C, pathogen numbers remained at about 1.4 log sub(10) CFU per package over 90 days. In packages containing frankfurters with 3.0% potassium lactate that were inoculated with about 500 CFU and stored at 4 degree C, pathogen numbers remained at about 2.4 log sub(10) CFU per package over 90 days. However, in the absence of any added potassium lactate, pathogen numbers increased to 4.6 and 5.0 log sub(10) CFU per package after 90 days of storage at 4 degree C for starting levels of 20 and 500 CFU per package, respectively. During storage at 10 degree C, pathogen numbers remained at about 1.4 log sub(10) CFU per package over 60 days in packages containing frankfurters with 2.0% potassium lactate that were inoculated with about 20 CFU. In packages containing frankfurters with 3.0% potassium lactate that were inoculated with about 20 CFU and stored at 10 degree C, pathogen numbers remained at about 1.1 log sub(10) CFU per package over 60 days of storage. In the absence of any added potassium lactate, pathogen numbers increased to 6.5 log sub(10) CFU per package after 28 days and then declined to 5.0 log sub(10) CFU per package after 60 days of storage at 10 degree C. In packages containing frankfurters with 3.0% potassium lactate that were inoculated with about 500 CFU per package, pathogen numbers remained at about 2.4 log sub(10) CFU per package over 60 days of storage at 10 degree C, whereas in the absence of any added potassium lactate, pathogen numbers increased to about 6.6 log sub(10) CFU per package within 40 days and then declined to about 5.5 log sub(10) CFU per package after 60 days of storage. The viability of L. monocytogenes in frankfurter packages stored at 4 and 10 degree C was influenced by the pH and the presence or levels of lactate but not by the presence or levels of indigenous lactic acid bacteria or by the proximate composition of the product. These data establish that the addition of 2.0% (P < 0.0004) or 3.0% (P < 0.0001) potassium lactate as an ingredient in frankfurters can appreciably enhance safety by inhibiting or delaying the growth of L. monocytogenes during storage at refrigeration and abuse temperatures. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Porto, ACS AU - Franco, BDGM AU - Sant'anna, E S AU - Call, JE AU - Piva, A AU - Luchansky, J B AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 308 EP - 315 VL - 65 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - potassium lactate KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18598089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Viability+of+a+Five-Strain+Mixture+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+Vacuum-Sealed+Packages+of+Frankfurters%2C+Commercially+Prepared+with+and+without+2.0+or+3.0%25+Added+Potassium+Lactate%2C+during+Extended+Storage+at+4+and+10+degree+C&rft.au=Porto%2C+ACS%3BFranco%2C+BDGM%3BSant%27anna%2C+E+S%3BCall%2C+JE%3BPiva%2C+A%3BLuchansky%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Porto&rft.aufirst=ACS&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Osmolyte accumulation: can it really help increase crop yield under drought conditions? AN - 18578696; 5367586 AB - Osmolyte accumulation (OA) is frequently cited as a key putative mechanism for increasing yields of crops subjected to drought conditions. The hypothesis is that OA results in a number of benefits that sustain cell and tissue activity under water-deficit conditions. It has been proposed as an effective tolerance mechanism for water deficits, which could be enhanced in crops by traditional plant breeding, marker-assisted selection or genetic engineering, to generate drought-tolerant crops. However, field studies examining the association between OA and crop yield have tended to show no consistent benefit. The few, often-cited, investigations with positive associations were obtained under severe water deficits with extremely low yields or conditions with special water-supply scenarios when much of the benefit is plant survival. Under conditions where water deficits threaten crop survival, yields are so low that even large fractional yield gains offer little practical benefit to growers. Indeed, the often-cited benefit of turgor maintenance in cells is likely to result in crop behaviour that is exactly opposite to what is beneficial to crops. The one clear mechanism identified in this review for beneficial yield responses to OA is in the maintenance of root development in order to reach water that may be available deeper in the soil profile. JF - Plant, Cell & Environment AU - Serraj, R AU - Sinclair, T R AD - USDA-ARS-SAA-CMAVE-CGERU, c/o University of Florida, Agronomy Department, Agronomy, Physiology and Genetics Laboratory, IFAS Building #350, 2005 SW 23rd Street, PO Box 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611-0965, USA, trsincl@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 333 EP - 341 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0140-7791, 0140-7791 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Plant Physiology KW - Drought conditions KW - Crop yield KW - Drought KW - Farming KW - Crop Yield KW - M2 551.577.38:Drought (551.577.38) KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18578696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Osmolyte+accumulation%3A+can+it+really+help+increase+crop+yield+under+drought+conditions%3F&rft.au=Serraj%2C+R%3BSinclair%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Serraj&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01407791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue - Drought Stress. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drought conditions; Crop yield; Agriculture; Plant Physiology; Drought; Farming; Crop Yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Precipitation changes from 1956 to 1996 on the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed AN - 18561403; 5358182 AB - The climate of Southern Arizona is dominated by summer precipitation, which accounts for over 60 percent of the annual total. Summer and non-summer precipitation data from the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed are analyzed to identify trends in precipitation characteristics from 1956 to 1996. During this period, annual precipitation increased. The annual precipitation increase can be attributed to an increase in precipitation during non-summer months, and is paralleled by an increase in the proportion of annual precipitation contributed during non-summer months. This finding is consistent with previously reported increases in non-summer precipitation in the southwestern United States. Detailed event data were analyzed to provide insight into the characteristics of precipitation events during this time period. Precipitation event data were characterized based on the number of events, event precipitation amount, 30-minute event intensity, and event duration. The trend in non-summer precipitation appears to be a result of increased event frequency since the number of events increased during non-summer months, although the average amount per event, average event intensity, and average event duration did not. During the summer "monsoon" season, the frequency of recorded precipitation events increased but the average precipitation amount per event decreased. Knowledge of precipitation trends and the characteristics of events that make up a precipitation time series is a critical first step in understanding and managing water resources in semiarid ecosystems. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Nichols, M H AU - Renard, K G AU - Osborn, H B AD - USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA, mnichols@tucson.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 161 EP - 172 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Southwest KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 556.12:Precipitation (556.12) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18561403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Precipitation+changes+from+1956+to+1996+on+the+Walnut+Gulch+Experimental+Watershed&rft.au=Nichols%2C+M+H%3BRenard%2C+K+G%3BOsborn%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biogeography of Aspergillus species in soil and litter AN - 18425189; 5408465 AB - Based on counts of Aspergillus species reported in over 250 studies of microfungi from soils and litter, chi-square analyses were conducted on species occurrence in five biomes and five latitude ranges to determine variations from expected distributions. There was no overall trend in distribution of the members of the entire genus by biome, however, individual sections of the genus appeared to have distinct distribution patterns. Most members of sections Aspergillus, Nidulantes, Flavipedes and Circumdati occurred at greater than expected frequencies in desert soils. There was no distinct pattern of species occurrence for forest, wetland, or cultivated soils, although members of section Nidulantes were quite rare in cultivated soils. Most species occurred at or below expected frequencies in grassland soils. Members of the genus tended to occur at greater than expected frequencies at latitudes in the subtropical/warm temperate zone between 26 and 35 degrees. Most species occurred at expected frequencies in the lower latitudes, and below expected frequencies in latitudes greater than 35 degrees. JF - Mycologia AU - Klich, MA AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA, mklich@nola.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 21 EP - 27 VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18425189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Biogeography+of+Aspergillus+species+in+soil+and+litter&rft.au=Klich%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Klich&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of three toxic Delphinium species based on alkaloid concentrations AN - 18402861; 5390061 AB - A systematic approach to the taxonomic classification of the tall larkspur complex (Delphinium spp.) has been developed and implemented using molecular genetics, plant morphology, and alkaloid profiles, as shown in other papers in this series. This approach supports the classification of three distinct species (D. glaucum, D. barbeyi and D. occidentale), as the species differ in genetics and toxicity. Toxic alkaloid concentrations over the growing season were integrated with data on diet selection to make management recommendations on a species-specific basis to reduce the risk of poisoning cattle. Alkaloid concentrations in tall larkspurs in excess of 3 mg/g impart moderate or high risk to grazing cattle if sufficient quantities are consumed. D. glaucum is most toxic, with toxic alkaloid concentrations that exceed 3 mg/g throughout the grazing season until late maturity. Cattle should be denied access to dense patches of this species throughout the grazing season until after seed shatter. Concentration of toxic alkaloids in D. barbeyi is highest in vegetative plants, but D. barbeyi is unpalatable to cattle until flowering racemes begin to elongate. We recommend grazing D. barbeyi ranges early in the season when it is not palatable, then removing cattle from early flowering stage through mid-pod stage when cattle are most likely to be poisoned. Cattle can again safely graze D. barbeyi late in the season when the toxic alkaloid concentration typically declines below 3 mg/g. Some populations of D. occidentale and the D. barbeyixD. occidentale hybrids do not contain toxic alkaloids, and pose little risk of poisoning throughout the year. Toxicity of northern populations of D. occidentale varies from year-to-year for unknown reasons. Cattle losses from D. occidentale are usually less severe than from D. barbeyi, but generally the same recommendations apply as for D. barbeyi. Toxicity sampling is an essential management tool. Tall larkspur populations can be tested for toxicity throughout the growing season. Whenever toxic alkaloid concentrations exceed 3 mg/g in leaves, flowers, or pods, cattle should be removed from the area and not returned until pods begin to shatter and risk of poisoning is lower. In general, tall larkspurs are safe to graze when alkaloid concentrations fall below 3 mg/g because it is difficult for cattle to eat sufficient larkspur to become fatally poisoned. JF - Biochemical Systematics and Ecology AU - Pfister, JA AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Gardner AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Manners, G D AU - Panter, KE AU - Lee, ST AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA, jpfister@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 129 EP - 138 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0305-1978, 0305-1978 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18402861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Management+of+three+toxic+Delphinium+species+based+on+alkaloid+concentrations&rft.au=Pfister%2C+JA%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BGardner%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BPanter%2C+KE%3BLee%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.issn=03051978&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Larkspur poisoning: toxicology and alkaloid structure-activity relationships AN - 18401846; 5390060 AB - Systematic approaches to taxonomic classifications of the tall larkspur spp. have been developed using traditional chemical methods to profile alkaloids, comparison of relative toxicity of individual alkaloids, plant morphology/taxonomy and molecular genetics. Using these methods (papers published in this series) toxicology of three distinct species of tall larkspurs including Delphinium glaucum, Delphinium barbeyi and Delphinium occidentale is described. Tall larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) continue to be the most serious cause of cattle losses on mountain rangelands in the western US. Over 40 norditerpenoid alkaloids have been reported in species of larkspurs and toxicology data on 25 of these have been reported by the authors. These alkaloids can be classified into three general types based on their structural characteristics and toxicity: the N-(methylsuccinyl) anthranoyl lycoctonine (MSAL)-type, having high toxicity; the lycoctonine-type, with moderate toxicity; and the 7,8-methylenedioxylycoctonine (MDL)-type, of low toxicity. The structural importance of the methylsuccinimido anthranilic acid ester group at the C18 position is evident in the high toxicity of MSAL alkaloids, particularly methyllycaconitine (MLA), Nudicauline (NUD) and 14-deacetylnudicauline (14-DAN). Other structural aspects of these alkaloids such as the C14 functionality are also important, as demonstrated by the reduced toxicity of barbinine. MLA is the alkaloid of most importance in toxicity of larkspurs on mountain rangelands because of its prevalence in most larkspurs and high toxicity. While NUD and 14-DAN also possess high toxicity, they are relatively minor components in few larkspur species (generally the plains and low larkspurs), but when present at concentrations approaching 1 mg/g dry weight they contribute significantly to overall toxicity. Deltaline (DLT) is often found in high concentrations in many larkspurs but because of low toxicity, its contribution to larkspur poisoning in the field is relatively minor and it will probably not cause toxicosis in the absence of the MSAL-type alkaloids. JF - Biochemical Systematics and Ecology AU - Panter, KE AU - Manners, G D AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Lee, S AU - Gardner AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Pfister, JA AU - James, L F AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA, kpanter@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 113 EP - 128 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0305-1978, 0305-1978 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18401846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Larkspur+poisoning%3A+toxicology+and+alkaloid+structure-activity+relationships&rft.au=Panter%2C+KE%3BManners%2C+G+D%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BLee%2C+S%3BGardner%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BPfister%2C+JA%3BJames%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.issn=03051978&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemotaxonomy, toxicity, and management of three species of tall larkspur AN - 18400018; 5390062 JF - Biochemical Systematics and Ecology AU - Ralphs, M H AU - James, L F AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Lab, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341, USA Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 75 EP - 76 VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0305-1978, 0305-1978 KW - management KW - toxicity KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18400018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.atitle=Chemotaxonomy%2C+toxicity%2C+and+management+of+three+species+of+tall+larkspur&rft.au=Ralphs%2C+M+H%3BJames%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Ralphs&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Systematics+and+Ecology&rft.issn=03051978&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Control of Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) with an Isolate of Myrothecium verrucaria AN - 18397694; 5385340 AB - An isolate of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria (MV) was evaluated for biocontrol potential against kudzu (Pueraria lobata). In greenhouse tests, MV was highly virulent against kudzu in the absence of dew when conidia were formulated in 0.2% Silwet L-77 surfactant (SW). Inoculum concentrations greater than or equal to 2 x 10 super(7) conidia ml super(-1) were required to satisfactorily control plants in the third leaf stage and larger. In controlled environment experiments, kudzu mortality was greater at higher temperatures (25-40 degree C) than at lower temperatures (10-20 degree C), although pathogenesis and mortality occurred at all temperatures tested. In field tests, transplanted kudzu seedlings in the 2-3 leaf growth stage treated with MV at 2 x 10 super(7) conidia ml super(-1) in 0.2% SW, exhibited leaf and stem necrosis within 24 h following inoculation, with mortality occurring within 96 h. After 7 days, 100% of inoculated kudzu plants were killed in plots treated with the fungus/surfactant mixtures. Similar results were observed in a naturally occurring kudzu population, where 100% control occurred within 14 days after inoculation with 2 x 10 super(7) conidia ml super(-1) in 0.2% SW. In summary, MV effectively controlled kudzu in the absence of dew over a wide range of physical and environmental conditions and under field conditions. These results indicate that, when properly formulated, MV has potential as a valuable bioherbicide for controlling kudzu. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Boyette, C D AU - Walker, H L AU - Abbas, H K AD - Southern Weed Science Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA, dboyette@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 75 EP - 82 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Kudzu KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01014:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18397694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Biological+Control+of+Kudzu+%28Pueraria+lobata%29+with+an+Isolate+of+Myrothecium+verrucaria&rft.au=Boyette%2C+C+D%3BWalker%2C+H+L%3BAbbas%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Boyette&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09583150120093031 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583150120093031 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Transgenic Plants Expressing High Levels of a Tobacco Anionic Peroxidase on the Toxicity of Anagrapha falcifera Nucleopolyhedrovirus to Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 18388798; 5351783 AB - Wild type and corresponding transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) and two tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) plants that express high levels of a tobacco anionic peroxidase were used to determine what type of interactions occurred between peroxidase altered plant chemistry and the baculovirus Anagrapha falcifera nucleopolyhedrovirus (AfMNPV) for control of neonate corn earworms, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Transgenic plants expressed approximately five to 400 times higher peroxidase activity than corresponding tissues of wild type plants. The H. zea larvae typically fed 1.5 times less on transgenic compared with wild type leaf disks. There was only one experiment (of three with tomato leaves) where the larvae that fed on transgenic leaves were less susceptible to the virus based on nonoverlapping 95% confidence intervals for LC50 values. When the exposure dose was corrected for reduced feeding on the transgenic leaf disks, the insecticidal activity of the virus was not significantly different for larvae fed on transgenic versus wild type plants. Eight other experiments (with tomato and two species of tobacco) indicated either no significant effect or enhanced susceptibility (when corrected for feeding rates) to the virus of larvae fed on the transgenic leaves. These results indicate enhanced insect resistance in plants expressing high levels of a specific anionic peroxidase may be compatible with applications of AfMNPV. Potential reasons for this compatibility are discussed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Behle, R W AU - Dowd, P F AU - Tamez-Guerra, P AU - Lagrimini, L M AD - Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, dowdpf@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 81 EP - 88 VL - 95 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Celery looper KW - Corn earworm KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - tobacco KW - tomato KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - V 22187:Control & treatment KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - A 01030:General KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18388798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Transgenic+Plants+Expressing+High+Levels+of+a+Tobacco+Anionic+Peroxidase+on+the+Toxicity+of+Anagrapha+falcifera+Nucleopolyhedrovirus+to+Helicoverpa+zea+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Behle%2C+R+W%3BDowd%2C+P+F%3BTamez-Guerra%2C+P%3BLagrimini%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Behle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282002%29095%280081%3AEOTPEH%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=95&page=81 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2002)095(0081:EOTPEH)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gelling agents, silver nitrate, and sequestrene iron influence adventitious shoot and callus formation from Rubus leaves AN - 18381438; 5353651 AB - Blackberry (Rubus spp.) cultivars Chester Thornless, Kotata, Marion, and Navaho were evaluated for morphogenic potential using the top one to four leaves from in vitro-grown shoots. In each experiment adventitious shoots were regenerated via organogenesis without an intervening callus phase. Rooting was spontaneous when shoots were transferred to a medium without growth regulators or with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Three gelling treatments (agar, Gelrite, and a combination) calibrated for equal gel firmness [110 g/(1.1 cm) super(2) capital pi ] did not affect explant regeneration or the number of shoots per explant, but did affect callus production. Significantly more callus (P less than or equal to 0.05) was induced on regeneration medium (RM) with 10 mu M N super(6)-benzyladenine (BA), 0.5 mu M IBA, and 0.19% Gelrite, than on medium containing either 0.71% agar, or the 0.35% agar/0.11% Gelrite combination. Explants on RM with 5 mu M IBA produced significantly more callus, but fewer shoots, compared to zero or 0.5 mu M IBA treatments for all gel treatments. Adding 200 mg l super(-1) sequestrene iron [sodium ferric ethylene diamine di-(O-hydroxyphenylacetate)] at the first transfer onto RM induced more shoots per explant than the control, but did not influence the amount of callus produced. Sequestrene iron in the second transfer on RM significantly increased the regeneration (caulogenesis) frequency from 30 to 40% for `Marion' and from 23 to 43% for `Kotata'. Silver nitrate significantly reduced callus production for all treatments, but did not affect the frequency of caulogenesis or the number of shoots per explant. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Tsao, CWV AU - Reed, B M AD - USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, OR 97333-2521, USA, reedbm@bcc.orst.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 29 EP - 32 VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - gelling agents KW - indolebutyric acid KW - sequestrene iron KW - silver nitrate KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18381438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Gelling+agents%2C+silver+nitrate%2C+and+sequestrene+iron+influence+adventitious+shoot+and+callus+formation+from+Rubus+leaves&rft.au=Tsao%2C+CWV%3BReed%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Tsao&rft.aufirst=CWV&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/10.1079%2FIVP2001245 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/IVP2001245 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of vapor pressure deficit on maize transpiration response to a drying soil AN - 18373911; 5350230 AB - A decline in plant transpiration has been widely observed to occur within a fairly stable range of threshold values of fraction transpirable soil water (FTSW), usually 0.3-0.4. However, the stability of this function has not been compared at various levels of atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Soil hydraulic conductivity is likely to be involved in determining the threshold where water supply is limiting. Thus, it was hypothesized that at a high VPD resulting in increased transpiration rates, the FTSW threshold for the decline of transpiration rates as a result of drying soil would be increased. This study was undertaken in controlled environment chambers with two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (Pioneer Brand Hybrids `3165' and `3737') so as to subject plants to four VPD levels (1.1, 2.0, 2.9 and 3.6 kPa) during a soil drying experiment. In contrast to the original hypothesis, there was little ( less than or equal to 0.05 FTSW) change in the threshold FTSW in response to increased VPD for either hybrid. In fact, over the narrow 0.31-0.38 FTSW range observed, the two hybrids showed opposite trends in FTSW threshold as VPD increased. These results supported the view that the FTSW threshold for the decline in transpiration with drying soil is stable, showing little sensitivity to changes in VPD. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Ray, J D AU - Gesch, R W AU - Sinclair, T R AU - Hartwell Allen, L AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Production, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 113 EP - 121 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 239 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18373911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+vapor+pressure+deficit+on+maize+transpiration+response+to+a+drying+soil&rft.au=Ray%2C+J+D%3BGesch%2C+R+W%3BSinclair%2C+T+R%3BHartwell+Allen%2C+L&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=239&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of a synthetic porcine alpha -lactalbumin gene in the kernels of transgenic maize AN - 18371303; 5349076 AB - The main nutritional limitation of maize used for feed is the content of protein that is digestible, bioavailable and contains an amino acid balance that matches the requirements of animals. In contrast, milk protein has good digestibility, bioavailability and amino acid balance. As an initial effort to create maize optimized as a source of swine nutrition, a codon-adjusted version of a gene encoding the milk protein porcine alpha -lactalbumin was synthesized. Maize expression vectors containing this gene under the control of the Ubi-1 promoter and nos 3' terminator were constructed. These vectors were used to transform maize callus lines that were regenerated into fertile plants. The alpha -lactalbumin transgenes were transmitted through meiosis to the sexual progeny of the regenerated plants. Porcine alpha -lactalbumin was detected in callus and kernels from transgenic maize lines that were transformed by two constructs containing the 27-kDa maize gamma-zein signal sequence at the 5' end of the synthetic porcine alpha -lactalbumin coding sequence. One of these constructs contained an ER retention signal and the other did not. Expression was not observed in kernels or callus from transgenic maize lines that were transformed by a construct that does not contain an exogenous protein-targeting signal. This suggests that the signal peptide might play an important role in porcine alpha -lactalbumin accumulation in transgenic maize kernels. JF - Transgenic Research AU - Yang, Suk-Hwan AU - Moran, D L AU - Jia, Hong-Wu AU - Bicar, E H AU - Lee, M AU - Scott, M P AD - USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics, Research Unit, Iowa State University, IA, USA, pscott@iastate.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 11 EP - 20 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0962-8819, 0962-8819 KW - alpha -lactalbumin KW - alpha -lactalbumin gene KW - maize KW - pigs KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - G 07358:Monocotyledons (crops) KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07120:Recombinant DNA/Genetic engineering KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18371303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transgenic+Research&rft.atitle=Expression+of+a+synthetic+porcine+alpha+-lactalbumin+gene+in+the+kernels+of+transgenic+maize&rft.au=Yang%2C+Suk-Hwan%3BMoran%2C+D+L%3BJia%2C+Hong-Wu%3BBicar%2C+E+H%3BLee%2C+M%3BScott%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Suk-Hwan&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transgenic+Research&rft.issn=09628819&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloned and Expressed Fungal phyA Gene in Alfalfa Produces a Stable Phytase AN - 18354203; 5320607 AB - The phyA gene from Aspergillus ficuum that codes for a 441-amino-acid full-length phosphomonoesterase (phytase) was cloned and expressed in Medicago sativa (alfalfa) leaves. The expressed enzyme from alfalfa leaves was purified to homogeneity and biochemically characterized, and its catalytic properties were elucidated. The expressed phytase in alfalfa leaves retained all the biochemical properties of the benchmark A. ficuum phytase. Although the characteristic bi-hump pH optima were retained in the cloned phytase, the optimal pH shifted downward from 5.5 to 5.0. Also, the recombinant phytase was inhibited by the pseudo-substrate myo-inositol hexasulfate and also by antibody raised against a 20-mer peptide belonging to fungal phytase. The expressed phytase in alfalfa could also be modified by phenylglyoxal. Taken together, the results indicate that fungal phytase when cloned and expressed in alfalfa leaves produces stable and catalytically active phytase while retaining all the properties of the benchmark phytase. This affirms our view that "molecular biofarming' could be an alternative means of producing stable hydrolytic enzymes such as phytase. JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications AU - Ullah, AH AU - Sethumadhavan, K AU - Mullaney, E J AU - Ziegelhoffer, T AU - Austin-Phillips, S AD - Southern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70124 Y1 - 2002/02/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Feb 01 SP - 1343 EP - 1348 PB - Academic Press VL - 290 IS - 4 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Alfalfa KW - PhyA gene KW - phytase KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus ficuum KW - Transgenic plants KW - Gene expression KW - 6-Phytase KW - Medicago sativa KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - G 07120:Recombinant DNA/Genetic engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18354203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Cloned+and+Expressed+Fungal+phyA+Gene+in+Alfalfa+Produces+a+Stable+Phytase&rft.au=Ullah%2C+AH%3BSethumadhavan%2C+K%3BMullaney%2C+E+J%3BZiegelhoffer%2C+T%3BAustin-Phillips%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ullah&rft.aufirst=AH&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=290&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fbbrc.2002.6361 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medicago sativa; Aspergillus ficuum; 6-Phytase; Gene expression; Transgenic plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2002.6361 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neutrophil phagocytosis following inoculation of Salmonella choleraesuis into swine AN - 18344741; 5388706 AB - Neutrophils are an important mediator of host defence, especially in early stages of infection. A major function of neutrophils is the uptake and killing of invading microbes. Little is known about the effect of neutrophil activity on the pathogenesis and development of the carrier state in swine following infection with Salmonella choleraesuis. A human whole-blood microassay using flow cytometry was modified to measure the effect of S. choleraesuis infection in vivo on the rate of ingestion, or rate of uptake, of homologous bacteria by porcine neutrophils. Pigs were inoculated intranasally with 5-8 times 10 super(8) CFU S. choleraesuis and blood was collected in heparinized tubes at -5, 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days post inoculation (PI). Heat-killed S. choleraesuis were labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and incubated for various times with diluted whole blood. Red blood cells were lysed, external non-phagocytized bacteria were quenched with a commercially available lysing solution, and fluorescence from internalized bacteria labelled with fiuorescein isothiocyanate was detected by flow cytometry. The rate of uptake by neutrophils did not increase until 2 days PI and then remained elevated to 4 days PI. The minimal uptake of S. choleraesuis early after exposure to these organisms may provide an opportunity for the pathogen to colonize and/or replicate to levels that facilitate establishment of a carrier state or clinical infection in swine. JF - Veterinary Research Communications AU - Stabel, T J AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Gray, J T AD - USDA-ARS, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Road, Ames, IA 50010, USA Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 103 EP - 109 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0165-7380, 0165-7380 KW - Fluorescein isothiocyanate KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Flow cytometry KW - Salmonella choleraesuis KW - Leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - Animal models KW - Phagocytosis KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18344741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Neutrophil+phagocytosis+following+inoculation+of+Salmonella+choleraesuis+into+swine&rft.au=Stabel%2C+T+J%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BGray%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Research+Communications&rft.issn=01657380&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella choleraesuis; Animal models; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Phagocytosis; Flow cytometry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Co-ordination of vapour and liquid phase water transport properties in plants AN - 18322147; 5367582 AB - The pathway for water movement from the soil through plants to the atmosphere can be represented by a series of liquid and vapour phase resistances. Stomatal regulation of vapour phase resistance balances transpiration with the efficiency of water supply to the leaves, avoiding leaf desiccation at one extreme, and unnecessary restriction of carbon dioxide uptake at the other. In addition to maintaining a long-term balance between vapour and liquid phase water transport resistances in plants, stomata are exquisitely sensitive to short-term, dynamic perturbations of liquid water transport. In balancing vapour and liquid phase water transport, stomata do not seem to distinguish among potential sources of variation in the apparent efficiency of delivery of water per guard cell complex. Therefore, an apparent soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance based on relationships between liquid water fluxes and driving forces in situ seems to be the most versatile for interpretation of stomatal regulatory behaviour that achieves relative homeostasis of leaf water status in intact plants. Components of dynamic variation in apparent hydraulic conductance in intact plants include, exchange of water between the transpiration stream and internal storage compartments via capacitive discharge and recharge, cavitation and its reversal, temperature-induced changes in the viscosity of water, direct effects of xylem sap composition on xylem hydraulic properties, and endogenous and environmentally induced variation in the activity of membrane water channels in the hydraulic pathway. Stomatal responses to humidity must also be considered in interpreting co-ordination of vapour and liquid phase water transport because homeostasis of bulk leaf water status can only be achieved through regulation of the actual transpirational flux. Results of studies conducted with multiple species point to considerable convergence with regard to co-ordination of stomatal and hydraulic properties. Because stomata apparently sense and respond to integrated and dynamic soil-to-leaf water transport properties, studies involving intact plants under both natural and controlled conditions are likely to yield the most useful new insights concerning stomatal co-ordination of transpiration with soil and plant hydraulic properties. JF - Plant, Cell & Environment AU - Meinzer, F C AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, fmeinzer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 265 EP - 274 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0140-7791, 0140-7791 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water Transport KW - Water Vapor KW - Plant Physiology KW - Absorption KW - Plant Water Potential KW - Soil Water KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18322147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Co-ordination+of+vapour+and+liquid+phase+water+transport+properties+in+plants&rft.au=Meinzer%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Meinzer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant%2C+Cell+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01407791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue - Drought Stress. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water Vapor; Water Transport; Plant Physiology; Absorption; Soil Water; Plant Water Potential ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The generation of a transposon-mutagenized Burkeholderia glumae library to isolate novel mutants AN - 18312514; 5359093 AB - The gram-negative bacterium, Burkeholderia glumae, is a pathogen of rice. As a step toward identifying pathogenicity determinants, a transposon mutagenized B. glumae library was generated. A transposition frequency of 2.1 x 10 super(6) cfu/ mu g of DNA was achieved using a recently developed Tn5-derived transposon system. Southern-blot analysis of several randomly selected colonies indicated that the transpositions were single, random events. Two genetic screens were conducted to assess the mutagenic frequency of the generated library. Screening of 1000 colonies for auxotrophs resulted in the identification of 46 mutants. The 46 mutants were subdivided into five classes based on their ability to grow on supplemented medias. Exposure of 1000 mutagenized colonies to UV light, as part of a second screen, identified two fluorescent mutants. The transposon library will be a useful tool in the investigation of metabolic pathways in B. glumae and allow a direct route to the affected gene. Current emphasis is directed toward identifying the factors required for plant infection. JF - Plant Science AU - Nakata, P A AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA, pnakata@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 267 EP - 271 VL - 162 IS - 2 SN - 0168-9452, 0168-9452 KW - Rice KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fluorescence KW - Oryza sativa KW - Pathogens KW - Auxotrophy KW - Mutants KW - Transposons KW - U.V. radiation KW - Burkholderia glumae KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18312514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Science&rft.atitle=The+generation+of+a+transposon-mutagenized+Burkeholderia+glumae+library+to+isolate+novel+mutants&rft.au=Nakata%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Nakata&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Science&rft.issn=01689452&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oryza sativa; Burkholderia glumae; U.V. radiation; Auxotrophy; Pathogens; Transposons; Fluorescence; Mutants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-Specific Fecundity of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on Three Tree Species Infested in the United States AN - 18310839; 5351441 AB - The spread of Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky (Asian long horned bettle), in the United States is dependent on its rates of reproduction and dispersal among host-tree species. Therefore, investigations of the reproductive characteristics of A. glabripennis, including preovipositional period, age specific fecundity and survival, on Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and black willow (Salix nigra Marshall) were undertaken to quantify its reproductive capacity among these host-tree species under laboratory conditions. Differences were found in preovipositional period, fecundity, egg viability and survival among the host-tree species. Oviposition rate was positively correlated with beetle body size, but negatively correlated with beetle age, bolt area, diameter, and bark thickness. Collectively, results show that in terms of adult female A. glabripennis survival and reproductive capacity, Norway and red maple were more suitable than black willow, with Norway maple somewhat more suitable than red maple. We hypothesize bark thickness and woody-tissue characteristics (i.e., nutritional substances, secondary substances, structural features) caused, at least in part, the observed differences in A. glabripennis survival and reproduction. Comparison of the various measures of A. glabripennis reproductive capacity was made with other cerambycids, specifically species of the subfamily Lamiinae, and implications for development of management strategies in U.S. ecosystems are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Smith, M T AU - Bancroft, J AU - Tropp, J AD - Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 501 S. Chapel Street, Newark, DE 19713, USA, mtsmith@udel.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 76 EP - 83 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Long-horned beetles KW - Maples KW - Black willow KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Anoplophora glabripennis KW - Cerambycidae KW - Host plants KW - Age differences KW - USA KW - Fecundity KW - Salix nigra KW - Introduced species KW - Acer KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18310839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Age-Specific+Fecundity+of+Anoplophora+glabripennis+%28Coleoptera%3A+Cerambycidae%29+on+Three+Tree+Species+Infested+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+T%3BBancroft%2C+J%3BTropp%2C+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cerambycidae; Anoplophora glabripennis; Acer; Salix nigra; USA; Fecundity; Introduced species; Age differences; Host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Species Subjected to Freezing and Near-Freezing Temperatures AN - 18307676; 5351448 AB - Survival at low temperatures is an important parameter determining distribution of imported fire ants in the United States. Supercooling points and survival at low temperatures, and the effects of species, individual size, and Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen & Hazard (Microsporida: Thelohaniidae) infection on these parameters, were examined. We tested Solenopsis richteri Forel, S. richteri X invicta hybrid, and Solenopsis invicta Buren. Great variation was observed in the supercooling points, which are not an appropriate measure of cold hardiness for imported fire ants. When exposed to near-freezing temperatures above their supercooling points, fire ants died at different rates depending on the species and T. solenopsae-infection status. Extended exposure to 4 degree C resulted in both the hybrid and S. invicta infected with T. solenopsae having significantly lower mortality rates than either the S. richteri or the uninfected S. invicta. At 0.5 degree C, the hybrids had significantly lower mortality than the uninfected S. invicta, but mortalities for S. richteri and T. solenopsae-infected S. invicta were not significantly different from each other or the hybrid. Ant mortality was 100% for all ant types after 7 d at -4 degree C. The uninfected S. invicta was consistently less cold-tolerant than the other ant types. The hybrid fire ants and the T. solenopsae-infected S. invicta had the lowest mortalities. These results support the hypothesis that extended cold injury causes winter kill of fire ants, and may partially explain the distribution of fire ant species in the United States. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - James, S S AU - Pereira, R M AU - Vail, K M AU - Ownley, B H AD - USDA-ARS, CMAVE, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA, rpereira@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 127 EP - 133 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Ants KW - Black imported fire ant KW - Red imported fire ant KW - Fire ants KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Mortality KW - Supercooling KW - Formicidae KW - Survival KW - Solenopsis richteri KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Cold hardiness KW - Hybrids KW - Solenopsis KW - Thelohania solenopsae KW - Introduced species KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18307676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Imported+Fire+Ant+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+Species+Subjected+to+Freezing+and+Near-Freezing+Temperatures&rft.au=James%2C+S+S%3BPereira%2C+R+M%3BVail%2C+K+M%3BOwnley%2C+B+H&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Solenopsis richteri; Solenopsis invicta; Thelohania solenopsae; Solenopsis; Mortality; Supercooling; Hybrids; Introduced species; Survival; Temperature effects; Cold hardiness ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Host Plant Preferences for Oviposition AN - 18307637; 5351450 AB - Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner), oviposition preferences were determined on five host plants: cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in no-choice, two-choice, and five-choice tests. Tests were conducted in the laboratory, greenhouse, and field cages. Oviposition preferences were compared on the basis of two measurements, the proportion of eggs laid on the plants to total that were deposited, and the oviposition preference index defined as [(number of eggs laid on the plant) - (number of eggs laid on the cage)] x 100/total number of eggs laid. The proportion of eggs laid on the plants to total that were deposited was highest for pigweed and lowest for cabbage in all tests. Beet armyworm females were significantly deterred from laying eggs on cabbage and sunflower, while pigweed and cotton elicited a positive oviposition preference. Pepper tended to be neutral or slightly unattractive. Apparent interactions among plant species in choice tests produced measurable shifts in oviposition preference. Most notably, female response to pepper was enhanced in the presence of cotton or pigweed. Egg masses laid on the plants contained significantly higher numbers of eggs than those laid on the surface of the cage, except in the case of cabbage leaves. Knowledge of hierarchies of host plant oviposition preference by beet armyworm females will be useful in understanding the population dynamics of this important agricultural pest, and for developing effective monitoring and management strategies. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Greenberg, S M AU - Sappington, T W AU - Setamou, M AU - Liu, T-X AD - Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Research Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, 2413 East Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, sgreenberg@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 142 EP - 148 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Beet armyworm KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Host preferences KW - Host plants KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Noctuidae KW - Oviposition KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18307637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Beet+Armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+Host+Plant+Preferences+for+Oviposition&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+S+M%3BSappington%2C+T+W%3BSetamou%2C+M%3BLiu%2C+T-X&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera exigua; Noctuidae; Host plants; Host preferences; Oviposition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antipredator defense of biological control agent Oxyops vitiosa is mediated by plant volatiles sequestered from the host plant Melaleuca quinquenervia AN - 18306852; 5351257 AB - The weevil Oxyops vitiosa is an Australian species imported to Florida, USA, for the biological control of the invasive weed species Melaleuca quinquenervia. Larvae of this species feed on leaves of their host and produce a shiny orange secretion that covers the integument. When this secretion is applied at physiological concentrations to dog food bait, fire ant consumption and visitation are significantly reduced. Gas chromatographic analysis indicates that the larval secretion qualitatively and quantitatively resembles the terpenoid composition of the host foliage. When the combination of 10 major terpenoids from the O. vitiosa secretion was applied to dog food bait, fire ant consumption and visitation were reduced. When these 10 terpenoids were tested individually, the sesquiterpene viridiflorol was the most active component in decreasing fire ant consumption. Fire ant visitation was initially (15 min after initiation of the study) decreased for dog food bait treated with viridiflorol and the monoterpenes 1,8-cineole and alpha -terpineol. Fire ants continued to avoid the bait treated with viridiflorol at 18 mu g/mg dog food for up to 6 hr after the initiation of the experiment. Moreover, ants avoided bait treated with 1.8 mu g/mg for up to 3 hr. The concentrations of viridiflorol, 1,8-cineole, and alpha -terpineol in larval washes were about twice that of the host foliage, suggesting that the larvae sequester these plant-derived compounds for defense against generalist predators. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Wheeler, G S AU - Massey, L M AU - Southwell, IA AD - USDA/ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, and University of Florida, 3205 College Ave, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33314, USA, wheelerg@eemail.com Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 297 EP - 316 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Bottle brush tree KW - Ants KW - 1,8-Cineole KW - alpha -Terpineol KW - viridiflorol KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - ^a-Terpineol KW - Biological control KW - Antifeedants KW - USA, Florida KW - Defensive behavior KW - Formicidae KW - Australia KW - Allelochemicals KW - Host plants KW - Predator-prey interactions KW - Oxyops vitiosa KW - Volatiles KW - Melaleuca quinquenervia KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18306852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Antipredator+defense+of+biological+control+agent+Oxyops+vitiosa+is+mediated+by+plant+volatiles+sequestered+from+the+host+plant+Melaleuca+quinquenervia&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+G+S%3BMassey%2C+L+M%3BSouthwell%2C+IA&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxyops vitiosa; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Formicidae; Australia; USA, Florida; Predator-prey interactions; Defensive behavior; Volatiles; Host plants; Biological control; Allelochemicals; Antifeedants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Neem Seed Extract on the Brown Citrus Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its Parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) AN - 18304600; 5351454 AB - The biological effects of a commercially available neem seed extract (Neemix 4.5, 4.5% azadirachtin, AZ) were assessed on the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirklady), a recently introduced insect pest of citrus in the United States and its parasitoid, Lysiphlebus testaceipes. When small citrus seedlings were dipped with the neem extract at 11-180 ppm AZ, 0-8% of nymphs and 0-17.5% of adults survived 7 d after the treatment while 95% of nymphs and 42.5% of adults in the control survived for the same period. The extract drastically reduced longevity of both adults and nymphs, adult fecundity, and molting of nymphs at all tested concentrations. Spraying neem extract (11-180 ppm AZ) onto potted citrus plants in the greenhouse also significantly reduced aphids by 20-100%, while control aphid populations increased by 950% 7 d after treatment. Application of the extract had little impact on the survival of adult parasitoids and developing parasitoids within aphids because parasite emergences were similar between treated and untreated parasitized aphids. These results indicate that neem extract may be compatible with integrated pest management programs in citrus and should be evaluated for field efficacy. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Tang, Y Q AU - Weathersbee, AA III AU - Mayer, R T AD - Biological Control Research Institute, Fujian Agricultural University, Fuzhou, Fugian 35002 China, aweathersbee@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 172 EP - 176 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Aphids KW - Treehoppers KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Seeds KW - Toxoptera citricida KW - Control programs KW - Aphididae KW - Pest control KW - Lysiphlebus testaceipes KW - Aphidiidae KW - Pests KW - Homoptera KW - Parasitoids KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18304600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Neem+Seed+Extract+on+the+Brown+Citrus+Aphid+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29+and+its+Parasitoid+Lysiphlebus+testaceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphidiidae%29&rft.au=Tang%2C+Y+Q%3BWeathersbee%2C+AA+III%3BMayer%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Tang&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aphididae; Aphidiidae; Homoptera; Toxoptera citricida; Lysiphlebus testaceipes; Seeds; Parasitoids; Pests; Pest control; Control programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary Habits of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Four Oklahoma Habitats AN - 18301816; 5351438 AB - Dietary habits of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, were investigated in four southern Oklahoma habitats: lakeshore, mixed grassland, wooded roadside, and unimproved pasture. Vegetation characteristics of each site were recorded for spring and late summer, in conjunction with estimates of forager success (the percentage of foragers returning to colonies with solid particles or liquid loads). Foragers collected a wide variety of solid particles, with different arthropod prey dominating samples within different sites. At the lakeshore site (no vegetation), dipteran adults, larvae, and pupae comprised >58% of foraged particles. Isoptera comprised >21% of foraged particles at the wooded roadsite site. At grassland and pasture sites, seeds (17.2 and 15.7%, respectively) were important foraged items. Forager success rates were highest for solids at the lakeshore site ( approximately 30% and 16% in spring and late summer, respectively), and highest for liquids at the pasture site ( approximately 30% and 22% for spring and late summer, respectively). Possible influence of vegetation on success rates, and implications for estimates of foraging energetics, are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Vogt, J T AU - Grantham, R A AU - Corbett, E AU - Rice, SA AU - Wright, R E AD - Biological Control and Mass-Rearing Research Unit, USDA, 810 Highway 12 E, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, jtvogt@bcmrru.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 47 EP - 53 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Ants KW - Red imported fire ant KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Foraging behavior KW - Formicidae KW - Habitat KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18301816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Dietary+Habits+of+Solenopsis+invicta+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+in+Four+Oklahoma+Habitats&rft.au=Vogt%2C+J+T%3BGrantham%2C+R+A%3BCorbett%2C+E%3BRice%2C+SA%3BWright%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Vogt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Solenopsis invicta; USA, Oklahoma; Diets; Habitat; Foraging behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of Atmospheric and Climatic Change for Crop Yield and Water Use Efficiency AN - 18294323; 5345915 AB - Yield of water-limited crops is determined by crop water use and by plant water use efficiency, each of which will be affected by the anticipated rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) concentration and concomitant increase in temperature. At the leaf level, a given proportional increase in CO sub(2) concentration generally elicits a similar relative increase in transpiration efficiency (ratio of net photosynthesis to transpiration). The increase in transpiration efficiency may result both from an increase in photosynthetic rate and a decrease in stomatal conductance. Feedbacks involved in scaling from leaf to crop constrain the increase in net carbon gain and reduce the anti-transpiration effect of CO sub(2) enrichment. As a result, the increase in crop water use efficiency at high CO sub(2) typically is less than 75% of that measured at the leaf level. By accelerating crop development and reducing harvest index, higher temperatures often erode yield benefits of improved water use efficiency at high CO sub(2). The fraction of available water that is used by crops could increase with CO sub(2) concentration because of greater root growth and faster canopy closure, but these effects have received scant study. Field experiments indicate that CO sub(2) enrichment will increase crop water use efficiency mainly by increasing photosynthesis and growth. Yield should be most responsive to CO sub(2) when temperatures approximate the optimum for crop growth. Elevating CO sub(2) can ameliorate negative effects of above-optimal temperatures, but temperatures near the upper limit for crops will depress yields irrespective of CO sub(2) concentration. JF - Crop Science AU - Polley, H W AD - USDA-ARS, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, 808 E. Blackland Road, Temple, TX 76502, USA, polley@brc.tamus.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 131 EP - 140 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental Effects KW - Agriculture KW - Plant Growth KW - Photosynthesis KW - Water Use Efficiency KW - Plant Physiology KW - Climatic changes KW - Temperature KW - Global Warming KW - Crops KW - Crop Yield KW - Growth KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Climatic Changes KW - Temperature Effects KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18294323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Implications+of+Atmospheric+and+Climatic+Change+for+Crop+Yield+and+Water+Use+Efficiency&rft.au=Polley%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Polley&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Growth; Photosynthesis; Climatic changes; Atmospheric chemistry; Temperature; Carbon dioxide; Crops; Environmental Effects; Plant Growth; Plant Physiology; Water Use Efficiency; Climatic Changes; Temperature Effects; Global Warming; Crop Yield; Carbon Dioxide ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cotton seedling preemergence damping-off incited by Rhizopus oryzae and Pythium spp. and its biological control with Trichoderma spp. AN - 18293553; 5346853 AB - Planting the cotton cv. Sure-Grow 747 in cotton seedling disease plots during the 2001 growing season resulted in high levels of preemergence damping-off among the seedlings. Four cotton pathogens, Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum, and unidentified Pythium sp., and Rhizopus oryzae, were isolated from diseased seen embryos and seedlings. Disease incited by the Pythium spp. could be controlled by seed treatment with Metalaxyl, but disease incited by R. oryzae could not. Seed treatment with Metalaxyl in naturally infested field soil was only partially effective; therefore, symptoms in 47% of the diseased seedlings could be attributed to R. oryzae. Susceptibility to disease appeared to be related to release in the spermosphere, by the germinating seeds, of compounds that stimulate pathogen propagule germination, because exudates from seed of the suscept Sure-Grow 747 and extracts from wheat bran induced pathogen germination and growth, whereas exudates from resistant cv. Stoneville 213 did not. However, even Stoneville 213 became susceptible when infested soil was amended with wheat bran. Seed treatment with preparations of Trichoderma virens parent, mutant, and hybrid strains gave effective biological control of preemergence damping-off. Disease control was attributable to metabolism by the biocontrol agent of pathogen germination stimulants released by the seed, because amendment of pathogen-infested soil with the propagule germination stimulants in wheat bran negated the protective effect of the seed treatment. JF - Phytopathology AU - Howell, C R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2765 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, chowell@cpru.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 177 EP - 180 VL - 92 IS - 2 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Biological control KW - Rhizopus oryzae KW - Pythium ultimum KW - Damping-off KW - Disease resistance KW - Metalaxyl KW - Pythium aphanidermatum KW - Etiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Trichoderma virens KW - Pythium KW - Seed treatments KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18293553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Cotton+seedling+preemergence+damping-off+incited+by+Rhizopus+oryzae+and+Pythium+spp.+and+its+biological+control+with+Trichoderma+spp.&rft.au=Howell%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pythium aphanidermatum; Pythium ultimum; Pythium; Rhizopus oryzae; Trichoderma virens; Plant diseases; Metalaxyl; Seed treatments; Damping-off; Etiology; Disease resistance; Biological control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii in populations of alfalfa selected for quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum AN - 18292876; 5346855 AB - Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Sclerotium rolfsii are pathogens for which similar mechanisms of parasitism have been proposed. This suggested that resistance to these pathogens may be related in a common host plant. This study was undertaken to determine whether selection for quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum in alfalfa also increases resistant to Sclerotium rolfsii as expressed in excised leaf tissues and whole plants. Resistance in excised leaf tissues was evaluated according to the rate of necrosis induced by Sclerotium rolfsii following inoculation with mycelium. Resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii in whole plants was evaluated according to their survival following crown inoculations. Three alfalfa populations previously selected from cv. Delta for quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum exhibited enhanced resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii, in comparison with Delta or with susceptible populations, in excised leaf tissues. When whole plants of Delta and two of these populations, Sclerotinia trifoliorum resistant (STR) and Mississippi Sclerotinia resistant (MSR), were inoculated with Sclerotium rolfsii at 3 to 8 weeks of age, significant (P = 0.01) differences in survival were attributed to plant age at inoculation and alfalfa populations. Survival of both MSR and STR was significantly (P = 0.05) greater than for Delta; the best differential results were obtained by inoculating plants 5 to 7 weeks old. To evaluate relationships of resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Sclerotium rolfsii over a broader genetic background, additional populations were selected for resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum from four other alfalfa cultivars by leaf-inoculation techniques, and this resistance was confirmed by whole-plant inoculations. In excised leaf tissues, all four of these populations also expressed enhanced resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii in comparison with either parent cultivars or populations of comparable size selected at random. These results establish that selection for quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum in alfalfa also confers enhanced resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii as expressed in excised leaf tissues and whole plants. Results suggest, therefore, that genes for quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Sclerotium rolfsii in alfalfa are likely to be synonymous, overlapping, or closely linked. JF - Phytopathology AU - Pratt, R G AU - Rowe, DE AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Waste Management and Forage Research Unit, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, rpratt@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 204 EP - 209 VL - 92 IS - 2 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Host specificity KW - Plant diseases KW - Disease resistance KW - Sclerotium rolfsii KW - Necrosis KW - Sclerotinia trifoliorum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18292876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Enhanced+resistance+to+Sclerotium+rolfsii+in+populations+of+alfalfa+selected+for+quantitative+resistance+to+Sclerotinia+trifoliorum&rft.au=Pratt%2C+R+G%3BRowe%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sclerotinia trifoliorum; Sclerotium rolfsii; Plant diseases; Disease resistance; Host specificity; Necrosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytotoxicity and mammalian cytotoxicity of macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins from Myrothecium verrucaria AN - 18290236; 5343447 AB - Macrocyclic trichothecene toxins produced by Myrothecium verrucaria (a phytopathogen of interest in biological weed control) and the non-trichothecene toxin atranone B from Stachybotiys atra were tested for phytotoxicity in duckweed (Lemna pausicostata L.) plantlet cultures and kudzu (Pueraria lobata L.) leaf disc assays, and for mammalian cytotoxicity in four cultured cell lines. Roridin E and H, epi-isororidin E, and verrucarin A and J were phytotoxic (half-maximal effect in the concentration range 0.1-9.7 mu M on duckweed and 1.5- > 80 mu M on kudzu) and cytotoxic to mammalian cell lines (half-maximal inhibition of proliferation in the concentration range 1-35 nM). Trichoverrins A and B and atranone B were moderately phytotoxic (half-maximal effect in the concentration range 1 9-69 mu M on duckweed and 13- > 80 mu M on kudzu) and weakly cytotoxic with mammalian cell lines (half-maximal inhibition of proliferation in the concentration range 0.3- > 2 mu M). JF - Phytochemistry AU - Abbas, H K AU - Johnson, B B AU - Shier, W T AU - Tak, H AU - Jarvis, B B AU - Boyette, C D AD - USDA-ARS, SWSRU, 141 Experiment Station Road, PO Box 345, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA, habbas@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 309 EP - 313 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - Roridin KW - Trichoverrins KW - atranone B KW - epi-isororidin E KW - trichothecenes KW - verrucarin KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pueraria lobata KW - Lemna pausicostata KW - Myrothecium verrucaria KW - Phytotoxins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Stachybotiys atra KW - Mammalian cells KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18290236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Phytotoxicity+and+mammalian+cytotoxicity+of+macrocyclic+trichothecene+mycotoxins+from+Myrothecium+verrucaria&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BJohnson%2C+B+B%3BShier%2C+W+T%3BTak%2C+H%3BJarvis%2C+B+B%3BBoyette%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stachybotiys atra; Myrothecium verrucaria; Lemna pausicostata; Pueraria lobata; Mammalian cells; Mycotoxins; Phytotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Spectral Radiance to Estimate In-Season Biomass and Grain Yield in Nitrogen- and Water-Stressed Corn AN - 18286799; 5345917 AB - Current technologies for measuring plant water status are limited, while recently remote sensing techniques for estimating N status have increased with limited research on the interaction between the two stresses. Because plant water status methods are time-consuming and require numerous observations to characterize a field, managers could benefit from remote sensing techniques to assist in irrigation and N management decisions. A 2-yr experiment was initiated to determine specific wavelengths and/or combinations of wavelengths indicative of water stress and N deficiencies, and to evaluate these wavelengths for estimating in-season biomass and corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield. The experiment was a split-plot design with three replications. The treatment structure had five N rates (0, 45, 90, 134, and 269 kg N ha super(-1)) and three water treatments [dryland, 0.5 evapotranspiration (ET), and full ET]. Canopy spectral radiance measurements (350-2500 nm) were taken at various growth stages (V6-V7, V13-V16, and V14-R1). Specific wavelengths for estimating crop biomass, N concentration, grain yield, and chlorophyll meter readings changed with growth stage and sampling date. Changes in total N and biomass in the presence of a water stress were estimated using near-infrared (NIR) reflectance and the water absorption bands. Reflectance in the green and NIR regions were used to estimate total N and biomass without water stress. Reflectance at 510, 705, and 1135 nm were found for estimating chlorophyll meter readings regardless of year or sampling date. JF - Crop Science AU - Osborne, S L AU - Schepers, J S AU - Francis, D D AU - Schlemmer, M R AD - USDA-ARS, Northern Grain Insects Research Laboratory, 2923 Medary Ave., Brookings, SD 57006, USA, sosborne@ngirl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 165 EP - 171 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Remote Sensing KW - Corn KW - Drought KW - Plant Water Potential KW - Crops KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18286799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Use+of+Spectral+Radiance+to+Estimate+In-Season+Biomass+and+Grain+Yield+in+Nitrogen-+and+Water-Stressed+Corn&rft.au=Osborne%2C+S+L%3BSchepers%2C+J+S%3BFrancis%2C+D+D%3BSchlemmer%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Remote Sensing; Agriculture; Corn; Plant Water Potential; Drought; Crops; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass loss and macroinvertebrate colonisation of Pacific salmon carcasses in south-eastern Alaskan streams AN - 18280585; 5325015 AB - We examined the spatial and temporal dynamics of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) carcass decomposition (mass loss and macroinvertebrate colonisation) in south-eastern Alaskan streams. Dry mass and macroinvertebrate fauna of carcasses placed in streams were measured every two weeks over two months in six artificial streams and once after six weeks in four natural streams. We also surveyed the macroinvertebrate fauna and wet mass of naturally occurring salmon carcasses.Carcass mass loss in artificial streams was initially rapid and then declined over time (k=-0.033 day super(-1)), and no significant differences were found among natural streams.Several macroinvertebrate taxa colonised carcasses, but chironomid midge (Diptera: Chironomidae) and Zapada (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) larvae were found consistently and were the most abundant (on average 95 and 2%, respectively, of the invertebrates found). Chironomid abundance and biomass increased over time, whereas Zapada abundance and biomass did not. Significant differences in abundance were found among natural streams for Baetis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) and Sweltsa (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) larvae, while no significant differences were found for chironomid and Zapada abundance or biomass.Our results suggest that salmon carcasses initially undergo a high rate of mass loss that tapers off with time. Chironomid and Zapada larvae are likely to be important in mediating nutrient and energy transfer between salmon carcasses and other components of the freshwater-riparian food web in south-eastern Alaskan streams. JF - Freshwater Biology AU - Chaloner, D T AU - Wipfli AU - Caouette, J P AD - Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A., Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Juneau, AK, U.S.A., chaloner.1@nd.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 263 EP - 273 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0046-5070, 0046-5070 KW - Midges KW - Spring stoneflies KW - Larvae KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Chironomidae KW - Nemouridae KW - Streams KW - Decomposition KW - Colonization KW - Carcasses KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18280585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freshwater+Biology&rft.atitle=Mass+loss+and+macroinvertebrate+colonisation+of+Pacific+salmon+carcasses+in+south-eastern+Alaskan+streams&rft.au=Chaloner%2C+D+T%3BWipfli%3BCaouette%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Chaloner&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Freshwater+Biology&rft.issn=00465070&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2427.2002.00804.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chironomidae; Nemouridae; USA, Alaska; Carcasses; Decomposition; Colonization; Streams DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00804.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for accumulation of the beta -subunit of beta -conglycinin in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] embryonic axes AN - 18278116; 5332684 AB - Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total proteins from soybean cotyledons and embryonic axes revealed the presence of similar storage proteins in both organs. Results from Western blot analysis conducted with antibodies raised against the purified beta -subunit of beta -conglycinin demonstrated accumulation of the beta -subunit in embryonic axes. This accumulation followed a temporal pattern similar to that shown by the cotyledons. Axis beta -conglycinin was broken down during the initial stage(s) of seed germination and was completely mobilized within 3 days after imbibition. Subcellular fractions were isolated from developing embryonic axes using metrizamide density gradients and analyzed by Western blots. Storage proteins were enriched in the lighter fractions of the gradient as well as with immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein. Electron microscopy of the storage-protein-enriched gradient fraction revealed small vesicles and protein aggregates. Protein A-gold immunocytochemistry was used to localize the occurrence of the beta -subunit of beta -conglycinin within the protein aggregates present in the metrizamide gradient and in the protein bodies present in mature embryonic axes. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Krishnan, H B AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit and Department of Agronomy, 108 W Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA, KrishnanH@missouri.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 869 EP - 875 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00299/bibs/2020 009/20200869.htm] VL - 20 IS - 9 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - accumulation KW - soybean KW - beta -conglycinin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - ^b-conglycinin KW - Cotyledons KW - Western blotting KW - Seed germination KW - Embryos KW - Electron microscopy KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Glycine max KW - Immunoglobulins KW - W2 32340:Other peptides, proteins, amino acids KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18278116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+accumulation+of+the+beta+-subunit+of+beta+-conglycinin+in+soybean+%5BGlycine+max+%28L%29+Merr.%5D+embryonic+axes&rft.au=Krishnan%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Krishnan&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=869&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00299-001-0400-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycine max; Cotyledons; Embryos; Gel electrophoresis; Seed germination; Western blotting; Electron microscopy; Immunoglobulins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-001-0400-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Restoring grassland savannas from degraded pinyon-juniper woodlands: effects of mechanical overstory reduction and slash treatment alternatives AN - 18276113; 5331943 AB - Although the distribution and structure of pinyon-juniper woodlands in the southwestern United States are thought to be the result of historic fluctuations in regional climatic conditions, more recent increases in the areal extent, tree density, soil erosion rates and loss of understory plant diversity are attributed to heavy grazing by domestic livestock and interruption of the natural fire regime. Prior to 1850, many areas currently occupied by high-density pinyon-juniper woodlands, with their degraded soils and depauperate understories, were very likely savannas dominated by native grasses and forbs and containing sparse tree cover scattered across the landscape. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical overstory reduction and three slash treatment alternatives (removal, clustering and scattering) followed by prescribed fire as techniques for restoring grassland savannas from degraded woodlands. Plant cover, diversity, biomass and nutrient status, litter cover and soil chemistry and erosion rates were measured prior to and for two years following experimental treatment in a degraded pinyon-juniper woodland in central New Mexico. Treatment resulted in a significant increase in the cover of native grasses and, to a lesser degree, forbs and shrubs. Plant species richness and diversity increased most on sites where slash was either completely removed or scattered to serve as a mulch. Although no changes in soil chemistry or plant nutrient status were observed, understory biomass increased over 200% for all harvest treatments and was significantly greater than controls. While treatment increased litter cover and decreased soil exposure, this improvement did not significantly affect soil loss rates. Even though all slash treatment alternatives increased the cover and biomass of native grasses, scattering slash across the site to serve as a mulch appears most beneficial to improving plant species diversity and conserving site resources. Copyright 2002 Academic Press JF - Journal of Environmental Management AU - Brockway, D AU - Gatewood, R AU - Paris, R AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 520 Devall Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA, dbrockway@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 179 EP - 197 PB - Academic Press VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Savannahs KW - Vegetation changes KW - Ecosystem management KW - Succession KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04115:Temperate grasslands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18276113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Restoring+grassland+savannas+from+degraded+pinyon-juniper+woodlands%3A+effects+of+mechanical+overstory+reduction+and+slash+treatment+alternatives&rft.au=Brockway%2C+D%3BGatewood%2C+R%3BParis%2C+R&rft.aulast=Brockway&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjema.2001.0522 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Succession; Vegetation changes; Ecosystem management; Savannahs; Fires DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.2001.0522 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decade-Scale Precipitation Increase in Great Plains at End of 20th Century AN - 18270668; 5327855 AB - During the 1980-1999 period, many regions in the central and southern Great Plains experienced the longest and strongest increase in average annual precipitation of the century. The size of the increase ranged from 6 to 12% of mean annual precipitation and from 25 to 60% of interannual precipitation variability. Precipitation increased for dry, average, and wet years, though not equally for each category. Generally, precipitation in very wet years increased less than in average and dry years. The probability of occurrence of dry years was greatly reduced compared to earlier in the century, whereas the probability of average years remained about the same and the probability of wet years increased. The observed decade-scale precipitation increase is attributed to a reduction in the number and severity of dry years, as well as to an increase in the number of wet years, though very wet years did not increase as much. The seasonal distribution of the increase in precipitation showed no statistically significant prevalence during any one particular month, yet qualitative considerations suggest that early summer and autumn months capture more of the annual precipitation increase. In the northern and northwestern Great Plains, a similar precipitation increase, but of smaller proportions, was observed during the 1990-1999 period. JF - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering AU - Garbrecht, J D AU - Rossel, F E AD - Grazinglands Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 7207 West Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK 73036, USA Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 64 EP - 75 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1084-0699, 1084-0699 KW - Annual precipitation increase KW - North America, Great Plains KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Meteorological Data Collection KW - Weather KW - Probability Distribution KW - Probable Maximum Precipitation KW - Precipitation trends KW - Annual precipitation KW - Mathematical Analysis KW - Precipitation KW - M2 551.577.34:Secular trend (551.577.34) KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 556.12:Precipitation (556.12) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18270668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Decade-Scale+Precipitation+Increase+in+Great+Plains+at+End+of+20th+Century&rft.au=Garbrecht%2C+J+D%3BRossel%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Garbrecht&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.issn=10840699&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%291084-0699%282002%297%3A1%2864%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Precipitation trends; Annual precipitation; Weather; Meteorological Data Collection; Probability Distribution; Probable Maximum Precipitation; Mathematical Analysis; Precipitation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2002)7:1(64) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Chloramphenicol Resistance in Beta-Hemolytic Escherichia coli Associated with Diarrhea in Neonatal Swine AN - 18247971; 5306579 AB - Ninety beta-hemolytic Escherichia coli isolates associated with diarrhea in neonatal pigs from multiple farms in Oklahoma were investigated for known associated disease serotypes, virulence factors, ribotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes. Fifteen different serotypes were observed, with 58% of isolates belonging to groups that produce one of three major enterotoxins: O149, O147, and O139. Thirty percent of the swine E. coli isolates possessed a combination of F4 fimbriae and the heat-labile toxin and heat-stable toxin B enterotoxins. Seventy-three percent of the E. coli isolates were resistant to five or more antibiotics. Interestingly, 53% of swine E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to chloramphenicol (CHL), an antibiotic whose use in food animals has been prohibited in the United States since the mid-1980s. The cmlA gene, which encodes a putative CHL efflux pump, was detected by PCR in 47 of the 48 CHL-resistant isolates, and 4 of these also possessed the cat2 gene, which encodes a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. The one CHL-resistant isolate that did not contain either cmlA or cat-2 possessed the flo gene, which confers resistance to both florfenicol and CHL. To determine whether CHL-resistant swine E. coli isolates represented dissemination of a clonal strain, all 90 isolates were analyzed by ribotyping. Seventeen distinct E. coli ribogroups were identified, with CHL resistance observed among the isolates in all except one of the major ribogroups. The identification of the cmlA gene among diverse hemolytic enterotoxigenic E. coli strains demonstrates its broad dissemination in the swine production environment and its persistence even in the absence of CHL selection pressure. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Bischoff, K M AU - White, D G AU - McDermott, P F AU - Zhao, S AU - Gaines, S AU - Maurer, J J AU - Nisbet, D J AD - Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA/ARS, 2881 F-B Rd., College Station, TX 77845., bischoff@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 389 EP - 394 PB - American Society for Microbiology VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chloramphenicol KW - Diarrhea KW - Drug resistance KW - Escherichia coli KW - Neonates KW - J 02862:Infection KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18247971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Chloramphenicol+Resistance+in+Beta-Hemolytic+Escherichia+coli+Associated+with+Diarrhea+in+Neonatal+Swine&rft.au=Bischoff%2C+K+M%3BWhite%2C+D+G%3BMcDermott%2C+P+F%3BZhao%2C+S%3BGaines%2C+S%3BMaurer%2C+J+J%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Bischoff&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.2.389-394.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Neonates; Chloramphenicol; Drug resistance; Diarrhea DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.2.389-394.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NolX of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, a Type III-Secreted Protein Involved in Host Range Determination, Is Localized in the Infection Threads of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) and Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Nodules AN - 18233551; 5294810 AB - Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) in a cultivar-specific manner. This strain forms nodules on primitive soybean cultivars but fails to nodulate agronomically improved North American cultivars. Soybean cultivar specificity is regulated by the nolXWBTUV locus, which encodes part of a type III secretion system (TTSS). NolX, a soybean cultivar specificity protein, is secreted by TTSS and shows homology to HrpF of the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. It is not known whether NolX functions at the bacterium-plant interface or acts inside the host cell. Antibodies raised against S. fredii USDA257 NolX were used in immunocytochemical studies to investigate the subcellular localization of this protein. Immunostaining of paraffin-embedded sections of developing soybean and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) nodules revealed localization of NolX in the infection threads. Protein A-gold immunocytochemical localization studies utilizing affinity-purified NolX antibodies revealed specific deposition of gold particles in the fibrillar material inside infection threads. Similar immunogold localization studies failed to detect NolX in thin sections of mature soybean and cowpea nodules. The results from this study indicate that NolX is expressed in planta only during the early stages of nodule development. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Krishnan, H B AD - USDA-ARS, 108W Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211., KrishnanH@missouri.edu. Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 831 EP - 839 VL - 184 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - soybean KW - NolX protein KW - nolXWBTUV gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Immunocytochemistry KW - Host range KW - Nitrogen fixation KW - Nodulation KW - Sinorhizobium fredii KW - Staining KW - Glycine max KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18233551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=NolX+of+Sinorhizobium+fredii+USDA257%2C+a+Type+III-Secreted+Protein+Involved+in+Host+Range+Determination%2C+Is+Localized+in+the+Infection+Threads+of+Cowpea+%28Vigna+unguiculata+%5BL.%5D+Walp%29+and+Soybean+%28Glycine+max+%5BL.%5D+Merr.%29+Nodules&rft.au=Krishnan%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Krishnan&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.184.3.831-839.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sinorhizobium fredii; Glycine max; Nitrogen fixation; Nodulation; Host range; Immunocytochemistry; Staining DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.3.831-839.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of the Dermonecrotic Toxin of Bordetella bronchiseptica in the Pathogenesis of Respiratory Disease in Swine AN - 18230632; 5296145 AB - Bordetella bronchiseptica is one of the etiologic agents causing atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia in swine. It produces several purported virulence factors, including the dermonecrotic toxin (DNT), which has been implicated in the turbinate atrophy seen in cases of atrophic rhinitis. The purpose of these experiments was to clarify the role of this toxin in respiratory disease by comparing the pathogenicity in swine of two isogenic dnt mutants to their virulent DNT super(+) parent strains. Two separate experiments were performed, one with each of the mutant-parent pairs. One-week- old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated intranasally with the parent strain, the dnt mutant strain, or phosphate-buffered saline. Weekly nasal washes were performed to monitor colonization of the nasal cavity, and the pigs were euthanized 4 weeks after inoculation to determine colonization of tissues and to examine the respiratory tract for pathology. There was evidence that colonization of the upper respiratory tract, but not the lower respiratory tract, was slightly greater for the parent strains than for the dnt mutants. Moderate turbinate atrophy and bronchopneumonia were found in most pigs given the parent strains, while there was no turbinate atrophy or pneumonia in pigs challenged with the dnt mutant strains. Therefore, production of DNT by B. bronchiseptica is necessary to produce the lesions of turbinate atrophy and bronchopneumonia in pigs infected with this organism. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Brockmeier, S L AU - Register, K B AU - Magyar, T AU - Lax, A J AU - Pullinger, G D AU - Kunkle, R A AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Ave., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010., sbrockme@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 481 EP - 490 VL - 70 IS - 2 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - pigs KW - dermonecrotic toxin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Rhinitis KW - Toxins KW - Virulence KW - Respiratory tract diseases KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - Bronchopneumonia KW - J 02862:Infection KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18230632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Role+of+the+Dermonecrotic+Toxin+of+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+in+the+Pathogenesis+of+Respiratory+Disease+in+Swine&rft.au=Brockmeier%2C+S+L%3BRegister%2C+K+B%3BMagyar%2C+T%3BLax%2C+A+J%3BPullinger%2C+G+D%3BKunkle%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Brockmeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.2.481-490.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; Respiratory tract diseases; Virulence; Rhinitis; Bronchopneumonia; Toxins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.2.481-490.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of plasma and egg 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) residues for the efficient development of a nicarbazin-based contraceptive for pest waterfowl AN - 17819147; 5368822 AB - Urbanization and associated landscaping has increased the abundance of year-round habitat for waterfowl, resulting in vegetation damage, loss of recreational activities, air transportation mishaps and health hazards. As part of a research program to develop socially acceptable techniques for management of pest bird populations, we are evaluating nicarbazin as a contraceptive in pest and surrogate avian species. As reproductive studies with Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) are tedious due to the difficulty of conducting controlled field studies and/or breeding geese in captivity, we evaluated the effects of oral nicarbazin administration on the production and hatchability of chicken eggs. Blood plasma and egg DNC concentrations were correlated to contraceptive efficacy. Subsequent studies are being conducted with geese to determine the diet nicarbazin concentration required to produce the desired blood and plasma DNC concentrations. This approach permits the expeditious evaluation of formulations and dosing regimes by simply monitoring blood DNC concentrations in target species. JF - Pest Management Science AU - Johnston, J J AU - Britton, WM AU - MacDonald, A AU - Primus, T M AU - Goodal, MJ AU - Yoder, CA AU - Miller, LA AU - Fagerstone, KA AD - US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, john.j.Johnston@usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 197 EP - 202 VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Canada goose KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Serological studies KW - Branta canadensis KW - Urbanization KW - Embryonic development KW - Pest control KW - Reproduction KW - Population dynamics KW - Aquatic birds KW - Avian physiology KW - Public health KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17819147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+Management+Science&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+plasma+and+egg+4%2C4%27-dinitrocarbanilide+%28DNC%29+residues+for+the+efficient+development+of+a+nicarbazin-based+contraceptive+for+pest+waterfowl&rft.au=Johnston%2C+J+J%3BBritton%2C+WM%3BMacDonald%2C+A%3BPrimus%2C+T+M%3BGoodal%2C+MJ%3BYoder%2C+CA%3BMiller%2C+LA%3BFagerstone%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+Management+Science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fps.439 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Serological studies; Urbanization; Embryonic development; Reproduction; Pest control; Population dynamics; Avian physiology; Aquatic birds; Public health; Branta canadensis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.439 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Artificial recharge of groundwater: hydrogeology and engineering AN - 17714258; 5747818 AB - Artificial recharge of groundwater is achieved by putting surface water in basins, furrows, ditches, or other facilities where it infiltrates into the soil and moves downward to recharge aquifers. Artificial recharge is increasingly used for short- or long-term underground storage, where it has several advantages over surface storage, and in water reuse. Artificial recharge requires permeable surface soils. Where these are not available, trenches or shafts in the unsaturated zone can be used, or water can be directly injected into aquifers through wells. To design a system for artificial recharge of groundwater, infiltration rates of the soil must be determined and the unsaturated zone between land surface and the aquifer must be checked for adequate permeability and absence of polluted areas. The aquifer should be sufficiently transmissive to avoid excessive buildup of groundwater mounds. Knowledge of these conditions requires field investigations and, if no fatal flaws are detected, test basins to predict system performance. Water-quality issues must be evaluated, especially with respect to formation of clogging layers on basin bottoms or other infiltration surfaces, and to geochemical reactions in the aquifer. Clogging layers are managed by desilting or other pretreatment of the water, and by remedial techniques in the infiltration system, such as drying, scraping, disking, ripping, or other tillage. Recharge wells should be pumped periodically to backwash clogging layers. Electronic supplementary material to this paper can be obtained by using the Springer LINK server located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-001-0182-4.Original Abstract: La recharge artificielle des nappes est realisee a partir d'eau de surface dans des bassins, des tranchees, des fosses et d'autres dispositifs ou l'eau s'infiltre dans le sol et s'ecoule vers le bas pour recharger les aquiferes. La recharge artificielle est utilisee de plus en plus pour stocker l'eau souterraine a court et a long terme, la ou cela presente des avantages sur le stockage d'eaux de surface, et pour le recyclage des eaux usees. La recharge artificielle necessite des sols permeables en surface. Lorsque ce n'est pas le cas, on peut utiliser des tranchees ou des puits dans la zone non saturee, ou bien on peut injecter directement l'eau dans les aquiferes a partir de puits. Pour realiser un systeme destine a la recharge artificielle de nappe, les taux d'infiltration du sol doivent etre determines et on doit controler que la zone non saturee entre la surface et l'aquifere presente une permeabilite adequate et ne possede pas de zones polluees. L'aquifere doit etre suffisamment transmissif afin d'eviter l'apparition de domes piezometriques excessifs. La connaissance de ces conditions necessite des etudes de terrain et, si aucun defaut fatal n'est detecte, des bassins tests pour prevoir les performances du systeme. La qualite des eaux introduites doit etre evaluee, en particulier en ce qui concerne la formation de colmatages au fond des bassins ou d'autres dispositifs d'infiltration, ainsi que les reactions geochimiques au sein de l'aquifere. Les colmatages sont evites par decantation ou par un autre pre-traitement de l'eau, et par des techniques d'entretien du systeme d'infiltration, comme le sechage, le raclage, le passage de disques, de herse ou d'autres instruments de labour. Les puits de recharge doivent etre pompes periodiquement pour les decolmater. Additional abstract: La recarga artificial de acuiferos consiste en disponer agua superficial en balsas, surcos, zanjas o cualquier otro tipo de dispositivo, desde donde se infiltra y alcanza el acuifero. La recarga artificial experimenta un uso creciente para almacenar agua a corto o largo plazo, ya que presenta varias ventajas con respecto al almacenamiento en superficie, asi como para reutilizacion. La recarga artificial requiere suelos permeables, por lo que se debe recurrir a zanjas o minas en la zona no saturada, o bien inyectar el agua directamente en el acuifero por medio de pozos. Para disenar un sistema de recarga artificial, se debe determinar la tasa de infiltracion del suelo y verificar que la zona no saturada entre la superficie del terreno y el acuifero tiene una permeabilidad adecuada, y que no existe zonas contaminadas. el acuifero debe ser suficientemente transmisivo para evitar un ascenso excesivo del nivel piezometrico. el conocimiento de estas condiciones requiere investigaciones de campo y, si no se detecta inconvenientes graves, ensayos con balsas para predecir el rendimiento del sistema. Los aspectos de calidad del agua tambien han de ser evaluados, especialmente en lo que respecta a la formacion de capas colmatantes en el fondo de las balsas u otras superficies de infiltracion y a las reacciones geoquimicas en el acuifero. Las capas colmatantes se pueden evitar mediante el filtrado u otros pretratamientos del agua, asi como mediante la restauracion de la capacidad de infiltracion del sistema con tecnicas como el secado, retirada, lijado, escarificado u otras tecnicas de roturacion. Los pozos de recarga deben ser bombeados periodicamente para desprender los materiales colmatantes. JF - Hydrogeology Journal AU - Bouwer, H AD - USDA-ARS, US Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, Arizona 85040, USA Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - February 2002 SP - 121 EP - 142 PB - Springer-Verlag (New York), P.O. Box 2485 Secaucus NJ 07096-2485 USA, [mailto:orders@springer-ny.com] VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1431-2174, 1431-2174 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Artificial recharge KW - Groundwater management KW - Groundwater recharge KW - Unsaturated zone KW - Water reuse KW - Aquifers KW - Aeration Zone KW - Surface water KW - Underground Storage KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Groundwater Basins KW - Surface Water KW - Artificial Recharge KW - Water Use KW - Pretreatment of Water KW - Permeability KW - Water management KW - Infiltration KW - Water Storage KW - Ground water KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Groundwater Recharge KW - SW 2040:Groundwater management KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17714258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrogeology+Journal&rft.atitle=Artificial+recharge+of+groundwater%3A+hydrogeology+and+engineering&rft.au=Bouwer%2C+H&rft.aulast=Bouwer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrogeology+Journal&rft.issn=14312174&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Permeability; Water management; Surface water; Ground water; Groundwater pollution; Pretreatment of Water; Aquifers; Aeration Zone; Underground Storage; Water Storage; Infiltration; Groundwater Basins; Groundwater Pollution; Surface Water; Groundwater Recharge; Artificial Recharge; Water Use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal respiration of foliage, fine roots, and woody tissues in relation to growth, tissue N, and photosynthesis AN - 17671248; 5722202 AB - Autotrophic respiration may regulate how ecosystem productivity responds to changes in temperature, atmospheric [CO sub(2)] and N deposition. Estimates of autotrophic respiration are difficult for forest ecosystems, because of the large amount of biomass, different metabolic rates among tissues, and seasonal variation in respiration rates. We examined spatial and seasonal patterns in autotrophic respiration in a Pinus strobus ecosystem, and hypothesized that seasonal patterns in respiration rates at a common temperature would vary with [N] for fully expanded foliage and fine roots, with photosynthesis for foliage, and with growth for woody tissues (stems, branches, and coarse roots). We also hypothesized that differences in [N] would largely explain differences in maintenance or dormant-season respiration among tissues. For April-November, mean respiration at 15 degree C varied from 1.5 to 2.8 mu mol/kg/s for fully expanded foliage, 1.7-3.0 for growing foliage, 0.8-1.6 for fine roots, 0.6-1.1 (sapwood) for stems, 0.5-1.8 (sapwood) for branches, and 0.2-1.5 (sapwood) for coarse roots. Growing season variation in respiration for foliage produced the prior year was strongly related to [N] (r super(2) = 0.94), but fine root respiration was not related to [N]. For current-year needles, respiration did not covary with [N]. Night-time foliar respiration did not vary in concert with previous-day photosynthesis for either growing or fully expanded needles. Stem growth explained about one-third of the seasonal variation in stem respiration (r super(2) = 0.38), and also variation among trees (r super(2) = 0.43). We did not determine the cause of seasonal variation in branch and coarse root respiration, but it is unlikely to be directly related to growth, as the pattern of respiration in coarse roots and branches was not synchronized with stem growth. Seasonal variations in temperature-corrected respiration rates were not synchronized among tissues, except foliage and branches. Spatial variability in dormant-season respiration rates was significantly related to tissue N content in foliage (r super(2) = 0.67), stems (r super(2) = 0.45), coarse roots (r super(2) = 0.36), and all tissues combined (r super(2) = 0.83), but not for fine roots and branches. Per unit N, rates for P. strobus varied from 0.22 to 3.4 mu mol/molN/s at 15 degree C, comparable to those found for other conifers. Accurate estimates of annual autotrophic respiration should reflect seasonal and spatial variation in respiration rates of individual tissues. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Vose, J M AU - Ryan, M G AD - USDA Forest Service, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd., Otto, NC 28763, USA, jvose@sparc.ecology.uga.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 182 EP - 193 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd. VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17671248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+respiration+of+foliage%2C+fine+roots%2C+and+woody+tissues+in+relation+to+growth%2C+tissue+N%2C+and+photosynthesis&rft.au=Vose%2C+J+M%3BRyan%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Vose&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2486.2002.00464.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00464.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrical conductivity monitoring of soil condition and available N with animal manure and a cover crop AN - 16131489; 5343716 AB - Development of sustainable agricultural management systems will depend, in part, on the ability to better use renewable resources, such as animal manure, and to synchronize the levels of soil available N with crop plant needs during the growing season. This study was conducted at the US Meat Animal Research Center in the central USA to determine whether differences in electromagnetic (EM) soil conductivity and available N levels over a growing season can be linked to feedlot manure/compost application and use of a green winter cover crop. A series of soil conductivity maps of a research cornfield were generated using global positioning system (GPS) and EM induction methods. The study site was treated over a 7-year period with manure and compost at rates matching either the phosphorus or the nitrogen requirements of silage corn (Zea mays L.). The plot was split for sub-treatments of a rye (Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop and no cover crop. Image processing techniques were used to establish electrical conductivity (EC) treatment means for each of the growing season surveys. Sequential measurement of profile weighted soil electrical conductivity (EC sub(a)) was effective in identifying the dynamic changes in available soil N, as affected by animal manure and N fertilizer treatments, during the corn-growing season. This method also clearly identified the effectiveness of cover crops in minimizing levels of available soil N before and after the corn-growing season, when soluble N is most subject to loss. The EM method for assessing soil condition provides insights into the dynamics of available N transformations that are supported by soil chemical analyses. This real-time monitoring approach could also be useful to farmers in enhancing N use efficiencies of cropping management systems and in minimizing N losses to the environment. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Eigenberg, R A AU - Doran, J W AU - Nienaber, JA AU - Ferguson, R B AU - Woodbury, B L AD - Biological Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS US Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA, eigenberg@mail.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 183 EP - 193 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Rye KW - maize KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Compost KW - Manure KW - Zea mays KW - Soil conservation KW - Sustainable development KW - Secale cereale KW - Environment management KW - Electromagnetic fields KW - Crops KW - Nitrogen KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16131489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Electrical+conductivity+monitoring+of+soil+condition+and+available+N+with+animal+manure+and+a+cover+crop&rft.au=Eigenberg%2C+R+A%3BDoran%2C+J+W%3BNienaber%2C+JA%3BFerguson%2C+R+B%3BWoodbury%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Eigenberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue Sail Health as an Indicator of Sustainable Management. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Compost; Agriculture; Manure; Sustainable development; Soil conservation; Environment management; Crops; Electromagnetic fields; Nitrogen; Zea mays; Secale cereale ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitigation of chlorpyrifos runoff using constructed wetlands AN - 16130123; 5355209 AB - Constructed wetlands have been proposed as a potential best management practice (BMP) to mitigate effects of pesticide-associated agricultural runoff. Wetland mesocosms (14 m x 59-73 m) were amended with chlorpyrifos to simulate a storm runoff event at concentrations of 73, 147 and 733 mu g/l. Water, sediment and plant samples collected weekly for 12 weeks indicated that chlorpyrifos rapidly sorbed to sediment and plant material, with approximately 47-65% of measured chlorpyrifos mass retained within the first 30-36 m of wetland mesocosms. Of the measured mass, approximately 55% and 25% were retained by sediments and plants, respectively. A field-scale evaluation of a constructed wetland's mitigation capability was performed in the Lourens River watershed of Cape Town, South Africa. Results indicate that the wetland was able to retain and considerably decrease the concentration (and hence toxicity) of chlorpyrifos and suspended sediment entering the receiving waterbody (Lourens River). This research provides fundamental answers concerning constructed wetland capabilities that are necessary for constructing field-scale systems within agricultural watersheds. JF - Chemosphere AU - Moore, M T AU - Schulz, R AU - Cooper, C M AU - Smith, S Jr AU - Rodgers, JH Jr AD - Water Quality and Ecological Processes Research Unit, USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, 598 McElroy Drive, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, mtmoore@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 827 EP - 835 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - South Africa, Cape Town, Lourens R. KW - artificial wetlands KW - chlorpyrifos KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - South Africa, Lourens R. KW - Pollution (Nonpoint sources) KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows) KW - Freshwater KW - Artificial Wetlands KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Wetlands KW - Plant populations KW - Agricultural runoff KW - South Africa, Cape Town KW - Sorption KW - Pesticides (see also Bactericides, Weedkillers) KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Best Management Practices KW - Sediments KW - Water pollution control KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Pesticides KW - Sorption (see also Absorption, Adsorption) KW - Accumulation KW - Pollution control KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16130123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Mitigation+of+chlorpyrifos+runoff+using+constructed+wetlands&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+T%3BSchulz%2C+R%3BCooper%2C+C+M%3BSmith%2C+S+Jr%3BRodgers%2C+JH+Jr&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=827&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorption; Bioaccumulation; Stormwater runoff; Water pollution treatment; Agricultural pollution; Pesticides; Wetlands; Plant populations; Wastewater treatment; Agricultural runoff; Sediments; Pollution control; Water pollution control; Pesticides (see also Bactericides, Weedkillers); Pollution (Nonpoint sources); Runoff (Agricultural) (see also Return flows); Sorption (see also Absorption, Adsorption); Water Pollution Control; Performance Evaluation; Agricultural Runoff; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Best Management Practices; Accumulation; Artificial Wetlands; South Africa, Lourens R.; South Africa, Cape Town; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil health and global sustainability: translating science into practice AN - 16129304; 5343708 AB - Interest in the quality and health of soil has been stimulated by recent awareness that soil is vital to both production of food and fiber and global ecosystems function. Soil health, or quality, can be broadly defined as the capacity of a living soil to function, within natural or managed ecosystem boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality, and promote plant and animal health. Soil quality and health change over time due to natural events or human impacts. They are enhanced by management and land-use decisions that weigh the multiple functions of soil and are impaired by decisions which focus only on single functions, such as crop productivity. Criteria for indicators of soil quality and health relate mainly to their utility in defining ecosystem processes and in integrating physical, chemical, and biological properties; their sensitivity to management and climatic variations; and their accessibility and utility to agricultural specialists, producers, conservationists, and policy makers. Although soils have an inherent quality as related to their physical, chemical, and biological properties within the constraints set by climate and ecosystems, the ultimate determinant of soil quality and health is the land manager. As such, the assessment of soil quality or health, and direction of change with time, is the primary indicator of sustainable management. Scientists can make a significant contribution to sustainable land management by translating scientific knowledge and information on soil function into practical tools and approaches by which land managers can assess the sustainability of their management practices. The first steps, however, in our communal journey towards sustainable land management must be the identification of our final destination (sustainability goals), the strategies or course by which we will get there, and the indicators (benchmarks) that we are proceeding in the right direction. We too often rush to raise the sails of our `technological' ship to catch the wind, before knowing from where it comes or in properly defining our destination, charting our course, and setting the rudder of our ship. Examples are given of approaches for assessing soil quality and health to define the sustainability of land management practices and to `translate our science into practice'. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Doran, J W AD - USDA-ARS, 116 Keim Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0934, USA, jdoran1@unl.edu Y1 - 2002/02// PY - 2002 DA - Feb 2002 SP - 119 EP - 127 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Resource management KW - Quality control KW - Nature conservation KW - Soil conservation KW - Sustainable development KW - Environment management KW - Land use KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16129304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Soil+health+and+global+sustainability%3A+translating+science+into+practice&rft.au=Doran%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Doran&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-02-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue Sail Health as an Indicator of Sustainable Management. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Resource management; Quality control; Nature conservation; Sustainable development; Soil conservation; Environment management; Land use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time Course Study of Substrate Utilization by Aspergillus flavus in Medium Simulating Corn (Zea mays) Kernels AN - 18434505; 5417770 AB - Utilization of the three major corn reserve materials, starch, triglycerides (refined corn oil), and zein (storage protein), by Aspergillus flavus was monitored in vitro over a 7-day fermentation. Medium composition in which proportions of reserve materials initially approximated proportions in mature corn kernels changed little over the first 18 h. Subsequently, hydrolysis of both starch and triglycerides occurred simultaneously, with peak concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids on day 2 of the fermentation period. Fatty acid concentrations dropped relatively rapidly after day 2 but increased again after day 6. Aflatoxin B sub(1) production increased after 36 h, with a peak at day 4. Aflatoxin B sub(1) production paralleled fungal biomass production during the exponential growth phase. A. flavus did not appear to preferentially utilize any of the released fatty acids. A number of fungus-specific metabolites were detected, including arabitol, erythritol, mannitol, trehalose, and kojic acid. Mannitol exceeded the other metabolites in concentration, and the timing of mannitol production closely paralleled that of aflatoxin B sub(1). Kojic acid concentrations peaked at day 6. In contrast to previously described selective use of simple carbohydrates by A. flavus, less discrimination was displayed when faced with utilization of complex substrates such as starch or triglycerides. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Mellon, JE AU - Dowd, M K AU - Cotty, P J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA Y1 - 2002/01/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 30 SP - 648 EP - 652 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - maize KW - substrate utilization KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18434505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Time+Course+Study+of+Substrate+Utilization+by+Aspergillus+flavus+in+Medium+Simulating+Corn+%28Zea+mays%29+Kernels&rft.au=Mellon%2C+JE%3BDowd%2C+M+K%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Mellon&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2002-01-30&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=648&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf011048e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf011048e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of the native microflora on alfalfa sprouts during propagation by addition of antimicrobial compounds to the irrigation water AN - 18366534; 5342560 AB - Alfalfa and other types of sprouts are known to harbor large populations of native microorganisms. As some of these microbes may be causes of reduced shelf life of the product (plant pathogens and other spoilage organisms) and sprouts may, on occasion, harbor bacteria pathogenic towards humans, the addition of antimicrobial compounds to the irrigation water may be warranted. In this study, we tested the efficacy of several antimicrobial compounds for reducing the native microbial populations on alfalfa sprouts during propagation. These compounds included H sub(2)O sub(2), peroxyacetic acid + hydrogen peroxide (Tsunami 100 super(TM)), acidified NaClO sub(2), NaClO sub(2) (Aquatize super(TM)), EDTA, Na sub(3)PO sub(4) and NaOCl. When added to the irrigation water at various concentrations, none of the antimicrobial compounds reduced the levels of any class of native microflora by more than 1 log sub(10) without evidence of phytotoxicity. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Fett, W F AD - Plant Science and Technology Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, wfett@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/01/30/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 30 SP - 13 EP - 18 VL - 72 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - alfalfa sprouts KW - sodium phosphate KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18366534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+the+native+microflora+on+alfalfa+sprouts+during+propagation+by+addition+of+antimicrobial+compounds+to+the+irrigation+water&rft.au=Fett%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-01-30&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of Iron Uptake by Phytic Acid, Tannic Acid, and ZnCl sub(2): Studies Using an In Vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Cell Model AN - 18435153; 5417642 AB - The objective of this study was to document the effects of phytic acid, tannic acid, and zinc on iron uptake in an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model. The effects of phytic acid and tannic acid on iron uptake were measured at increasing molar ratios of FeCl sub(3) to phytic acid or tannic acid. Maximal inhibition of iron uptake by phytic acid occurred at a 1:10 ratio of Fe to phytic acid. Dialyzable Fe decreased with a low Fe to phytic acid ratio but increased with Fe:phytic acid ratios greater than 1:3 indicating that more iron was soluble at higher phytic acid levels but less available. As in human studies, heme iron was less inhibited by phytic acid than nonheme iron. Tannic acid was a more potent inhibitor of nonheme iron uptake, as maximal inhibition (97.5%) of iron uptake occurred at a ratio of 1:1 or less. The addition of ZnCl sub(2) to the digest at ratios of 1:0.5 and 1:1 decreased iron uptake by 57 and 80%, respectively. Overall, the results agree qualitatively with studies in humans and demonstrate the relative effects of these compounds on iron uptake in this model system. This study provides key information for determining iron availability under more complex meal conditions. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Glahn, R P AU - Wortley, G M AU - South, P K AU - Miller, D D AD - U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA Y1 - 2002/01/16/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 16 SP - 390 EP - 395 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18435153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+Iron+Uptake+by+Phytic+Acid%2C+Tannic+Acid%2C+and+ZnCl+sub%282%29%3A+Studies+Using+an+In+Vitro+Digestion%2FCaco-2+Cell+Model&rft.au=Glahn%2C+R+P%3BWortley%2C+G+M%3BSouth%2C+P+K%3BMiller%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Glahn&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-16&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf011046u LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf011046u ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A throughfall collection method using mixed bed ion exchange resin columns. AN - 72898556; 12806045 AB - Measurement of ionic deposition in throughfall is a widely used method for measuring deposition inputs to the forest floor. Many studies have been published, providing a large database of throughfall deposition inputs to forests. However, throughfall collection and analysis is labor intensive and expensive because of the large number of replicate collectors needed and because sample collection and chemical analyses are required on a stochastic precipitation event-based schedule. Therefore we developed and tested a throughfall collector system using a mixed bed ion exchange resin column. We anticipate that this method will typically require only one to three samplings per year. With this method, bulk deposition and bulk throughfall are collected by a funnel or snow tube and ions are retained as the solution percolates through the resin column. Ions retained by the resin are then extracted in the same column with 2 N KCl and analyzed for nitrate and ammonium. Deposition values in throughfall from conventional throughfall solution collectors and colocated ion exchange samplers were not significantly different during consecutive 3- and 4-month exposure periods at a high (Camp Paivika; >35 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) and a low deposition (Barton Flats; 5-9 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) site in the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California. N deposition in throughfall under mature pine trees at Camp Paivika after 7 months of exposure was extremely high (87 and 92 kg ha-1 based on the two collector types) compared to Barton Flats (11 and 13 kg ha(-1)). A large proportion of the N deposited in throughfall at Camp Paivika occurred as fog drip, demonstrating the importance of fog deposition as an input source of N at this site. By comparison, bulk deposition rates in open areas were 5.1 and 5.4 kg ha(-1) at Camp Paivika based on the two collector types, and 1.9 and 3.0 kg ha(-1) at Barton Flats. JF - TheScientificWorldJournal AU - Fenn, Mark E AU - Poth, Mark A AU - Arbaugh, Michael J AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Fire Laboratory, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507-6099, USA. mfenn@deltanet.com Y1 - 2002/01/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 15 SP - 122 EP - 130 VL - 2 KW - Ion Exchange Resins KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Water -- analysis KW - Ecosystem KW - Time KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Snow KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Rain KW - Nitrates -- analysis KW - Pinus ponderosa -- chemistry KW - Environmental Monitoring -- economics KW - Ion Exchange Resins -- economics KW - Ion Exchange Resins -- chemistry KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72898556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.atitle=A+throughfall+collection+method+using+mixed+bed+ion+exchange+resin+columns.&rft.au=Fenn%2C+Mark+E%3BPoth%2C+Mark+A%3BArbaugh%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Fenn&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2002-01-15&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.issn=1537-744X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Muscarinic receptor subtype determines vulnerability to oxidative stress in COS-7 cells. AN - 71416422; 11796204 AB - Research has suggested that there may be increased brain-region selective vulnerability to oxidative stress in aging and that Vulnerability to oxidative stress may be important in determining regional differences in neuronal aging. We assessed whether one factor determining vulnerability to oxidative stress might involve qualitative/quantitative differences in receptor subtypes in various neuronal populations. COS-7 cells were transfected with one of five muscarinic receptor subtypes (M1-M5 AChR) to DA (1 mM for 4 h) and intracellular Ca2+ levels were examined via fluorescent imaging analysis prior to and following 750 microM oxotremorine (oxo). Results indicated that the ability of the cells to clear excess Ca2+ (i.e., Ca2+ Recovery) following oxo stimulation varied as a function of transfected mAChR subtype, with DA-treated M1, M2, or M4 cells showing greater decrements in Recovery than those transfected with M3 or M5 AChR. A similar pattern of results in M1- or M3-transfected DA-exposed cells was seen with respect to Viability. Viability of the untransfected cells was unaffected by DA. Pretreatment with Trolox (a Vitamin E analog) or PBN (a nitrone trapping agent) did not alter the DA effects on cell Recovery in the M1-transfected cells, but were effective in preventing the decrements in Viability. The calcium channel antagonists (L and N, respectively), Nifedipine and Conotoxin prevented both the DA-induced deficits in Recovery and Viability. Results are discussed in terms of receptor involvement in the regional differences in Vulnerability to oxidative stress with age, and that loss of neuronal function may not inevitably lead to cell death. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Joseph, J A AU - Fisher, D R AU - Strain, J AD - USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. jjoseph@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2002/01/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 15 SP - 153 EP - 161 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Calcium Channel Blockers KW - Chromans KW - Conotoxins KW - Muscarinic Agonists KW - Protein Isoforms KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Receptors, Muscarinic KW - Oxotremorine KW - 5RY0UWH1JL KW - Nifedipine KW - I9ZF7L6G2L KW - 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid KW - S18UL9710X KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Aging KW - Water-Electrolyte Balance -- drug effects KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Nifedipine -- pharmacology KW - Conotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Calcium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Chromans -- pharmacology KW - Transfection KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - COS Cells -- drug effects KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Oxotremorine -- pharmacology KW - Muscarinic Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Muscarinic -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Muscarinic -- classification KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Muscarinic -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71416422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Muscarinic+receptor+subtype+determines+vulnerability+to+oxidative+stress+in+COS-7+cells.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+J+A%3BFisher%2C+D+R%3BStrain%2C+J&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-15&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Developing U. S. biomass resources: Public sector support and private sector opportunities AN - 39540101; 3643613 AU - Duncan, M Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39540101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Developing+U.+S.+biomass+resources%3A+Public+sector+support+and+private+sector+opportunities&rft.au=Duncan%2C+M&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021, USA; phone: 515-289-2331; fax: 515-289-1227; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Value-added for small diameter material: Implementing new technologies AN - 39469799; 3643864 AU - LeVan-Green, S L Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39469799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Value-added+for+small+diameter+material%3A+Implementing+new+technologies&rft.au=LeVan-Green%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=LeVan-Green&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021, USA; phone: 515-289-2331; fax: 515-289-1227; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Making molecular detection of waterborne pathogens easier AN - 39425779; 3656286 AU - Higgins, J AU - Jenkins, M AU - Shelton, D AU - Fayer, R AU - Karns, J Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39425779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Making+molecular+detection+of+waterborne+pathogens+easier&rft.au=Higgins%2C+J%3BJenkins%2C+M%3BShelton%2C+D%3BFayer%2C+R%3BKarns%2C+J&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org. Poster Paper No. 221 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biological assay methods for laboratory and field evaluation of deet and deet-alternative mosquito repellents AN - 39424642; 3656514 AU - Barnard, D Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39424642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biological+assay+methods+for+laboratory+and+field+evaluation+of+deet+and+deet-alternative+mosquito+repellents&rft.au=Barnard%2C+D&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Tropical Medicine, 60 Revere Dr., Suite 500, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA; phone: 847-480-9592; fax: 847-480-9282; email: astmh@astmh.org; URL: www.astmh.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Zoonotic significance of coccidial infections AN - 39394374; 3647310 AU - Fayer, R Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39394374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Zoonotic+significance+of+coccidial+infections&rft.au=Fayer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fayer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Australian Society for Microbiology, Unit 23, 20 Commercial Road, Melbourne Vic, 3004, Australia; URL: www.theasm.com.au. Paper No. SY62.1 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Enteric coccidia infections in humans AN - 39386995; 3647252 AU - Fayer, R Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39386995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Enteric+coccidia+infections+in+humans&rft.au=Fayer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fayer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Australian Society for Microbiology, Unit 23, 20 Commercial Road, Melbourne Vic, 3004, Australia; URL: www.theasm.com.au. Paper No. SY53.3 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - USDA's role in promoting biobased industrial products for federal procurement AN - 39360954; 3643612 AU - Buckhalt, R Y1 - 2002/01/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 08 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39360954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=USDA%27s+role+in+promoting+biobased+industrial+products+for+federal+procurement&rft.au=Buckhalt%2C+R&rft.aulast=Buckhalt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Soil and Water Conservation Society, 7515 NE Ankeny Rd., Ankeny, IA 50021, USA; phone: 515-289-2331; fax: 515-289-1227; URL: www.swcs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertical distribution of ozone and nitric acid vapor on the Mammoth Mountain, eastern Sierra Nevada, California. AN - 72899920; 12806035 AB - In August and September 1999 and 2000, concentrations of ozone (O3) and nitric acid vapor (HNO3) were monitored at an elevation gradient (2184-3325 m) on the Mammoth Mountain, eastern Sierra Nevada, California. Passive samplers were used for monitoring exposure to tropospheric O3 and HNO3 vapor. The 2-week average O3 concentrations ranged between 45 and 72 ppb, while HNO3 concentrations ranged between 0.06 and 0.52 microg/m3. Similar ranges of O3 and HNO3 were determined for 2 years of the study. No clear effects of elevation on concentrations of the two pollutants were detected. Concentrations of HNO3 were low and at the background levels expected for the eastern Sierra Nevada, while the measured concentrations of O3 were elevated. High concentrations of ozone in the study area were confirmed with an active UV absorption O3 monitor placed at the Mammoth Mountain Peak (September 5-14, 2000, average 24-h concentration of 56 ppb). JF - TheScientificWorldJournal AU - Bytnerowicz, Andrzej AU - Parker, David R AU - Padgett, Pamela E AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA. abytnerowicz@fs.fed.uk Y1 - 2002/01/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 05 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 2 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Nitric Acid KW - 411VRN1TV4 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - California KW - Volatilization KW - Geography KW - Ozone -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Nitric Acid -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72899920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.atitle=Vertical+distribution+of+ozone+and+nitric+acid+vapor+on+the+Mammoth+Mountain%2C+eastern+Sierra+Nevada%2C+California.&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+Andrzej%3BParker%2C+David+R%3BPadgett%2C+Pamela+E&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rft.date=2002-01-05&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.issn=1537-744X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertical distribution of ozone and nitrogenous pollutants in an air quality class I area, the San Gorgonio wilderness, southern California. AN - 72897455; 12806036 AB - Information about spatial and temporal distribution of air pollutants is essential for better understanding of environmental stresses affecting forests and estimation of potential risks associated with air pollutants. Ozone and nitrogenous air pollutants were monitored along an elevation gradient in the Class I San Gorgonio Wilderness area (San Bernardino Mountains, California, U.S.) during the summer of 2000 (mid-June to mid-October). Passive samplers were exposed for 2-week periods at six sampling sites located at 300 m intervals ranging from 1200 to 2700 m elevation. Elevated concentrations of ozone were found in this area with summer 24-h hourly means ranging from 53 to 59 ppb. The highest ozone concentrations were detected in the period July 25-August 8, reaching values of 64 to 72 ppb expressed as 2-week mean. Passive-sampler ozone data did not show a clear relationship with elevation, although during the periods with higher ozone levels, ozone concentrations were higher at those sites below 2000 m than at sites located above that elevation. All nitrogenous pollutants studied showed a consistent decrease of concentrations with elevation. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels were low, decreasing with increasing elevation from 6.4 to 1.5 ppb summer means. Nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were around 1 to 2 ppb, which is within the range of the detection levels of the devices used. Nitric acid (HNO3) vapor concentrations were lower at higher elevations (summer means 1.9-2.5 microg m(-3) than at lower elevations (summer means 4.3-5.1 microg m(-3). Summer concentrations of ammonia (NH3) were slightly higher than nitric acid ranging from 6 microg m(-3) at the lowest site to 2.5 microg m(-3) registered at the highest elevation. Since complex interactions between ozone and nitrogenous air pollutants have already been described for forests, simultaneous information about the distribution of these pollutants is needed. This is particularly important in mountain terrain where no reliable models of air pollutant distribution exist. JF - TheScientificWorldJournal AU - Alonso, Rocío AU - Bytnerowicz, Andrzej AU - Arbaugh, Michael AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA. ralonso@concentric.net Y1 - 2002/01/05/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 05 SP - 10 EP - 26 VL - 2 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Nitrogen Compounds KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - Nitric Acid KW - 411VRN1TV4 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - California KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Geography KW - Nitrogen Oxides -- analysis KW - Nitric Acid -- analysis KW - Ozone -- analysis KW - Nitrogen Compounds -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72897455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.atitle=Vertical+distribution+of+ozone+and+nitrogenous+pollutants+in+an+air+quality+class+I+area%2C+the+San+Gorgonio+wilderness%2C+southern+California.&rft.au=Alonso%2C+Roc%C3%ADo%3BBytnerowicz%2C+Andrzej%3BArbaugh%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Alonso&rft.aufirst=Roc%C3%ADo&rft.date=2002-01-05&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.issn=1537-744X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hillslope topographic and hydrologic effects on overland flow and erosion AN - 18577386; 5323274 AB - Variability in surface condition occurs at different spatial and temporal scales. Locally, surface conditions interact with soil components and determine the dynamic of surface sealing, biomass, and roughness. At the hillslope scale, conditions at the surface vary with the topographic position that can cause different hydrologic regimes and erosion. This paper presents our efforts in quantifying how hillslope position and moisture condition affected runoff generation and sediment production. In the field, we monitored runoff and sediment productions from a hillslope under natural conditions. Sediment production under seepage condition was quantified in a laboratory dual-box system under simulated rainfall. Field results showed that variability in runoff and sediment production could be attributed to topographically induced and localized surface variations in addition to seasonal changes in rainfall pattern and crop canopy. Based on rainfall pattern and changes in surface conditions, three different stages of runoff and sediment productions were identified in an annual cycle. Laboratory experiments in soil moisture gradient (i.e., seepage vs. drainage) effects on erosion showed that drainage conditions limited sediment detachment while seepage conditions enhanced rilling. These results showed a close linkage between surface moisture condition and erosion process, and consequently, the dominant sediment regime. These different methodologies improved the understanding of runoff and erosion processes occurring at the hillslope and the role of topographic position and hydrology on these processes. JF - Catena AU - Huang, C AU - Gascuel-Odoux, C AU - Cros-Cayot, S AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Lab, 1196 SOIL Building, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907-1196, USA, chihua@purdue.edu Y1 - 2002/01/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 03 SP - 177 EP - 188 VL - 46 IS - 2-3 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Erosion KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Rainfall Distribution KW - Overland flow KW - Rainfall and hydrology KW - Slope hydrology KW - Slope erosion KW - Hydrology KW - Slope runoff KW - Soil Properties KW - Soil Erosion KW - Topographic effects on hydrology KW - Topography KW - Overland Flow KW - M2 556.51:Drainage Areas (556.51) KW - M2 551.579:Hydrometeorology (551.579) KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - M2 551.588.2:Topography and aspect (551.588.2) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18577386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=Hillslope+topographic+and+hydrologic+effects+on+overland+flow+and+erosion&rft.au=Huang%2C+C%3BGascuel-Odoux%2C+C%3BCros-Cayot%2C+S&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-01-03&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rainfall and hydrology; Slope hydrology; Slope erosion; Slope runoff; Overland flow; Topographic effects on hydrology; Sediment Erosion; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Hydrology; Rainfall Distribution; Soil Properties; Soil Erosion; Overland Flow; Topography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil erosion under different rainfall intensities, surface roughness, and soil water regimes AN - 18573499; 5323272 AB - Soil erosion is a complex phenomenon involving the detachment and transport of soil particles, storage and runoff of rainwater, and infiltration. The relative magnitude and importance of these processes depends on a host of factors, including climate, soil, topography, cropping and land management practices, control practices, the antecedent conditions, and the size of the area under consideration. In this study, the results of a series of experiments are reported, summarizing the soil loss and runoff response from a 0.6 x 3.75 m area to different rainstorm regimes, slope steepnesses, subsurface soil water pressures, and surface roughnesses under controlled laboratory conditions using a flume and rainfall simulator as water applicators, and a laser microreliefmeter and tensiometric system as soil response measuring devices. The soil chosen was a highly erodible Grenada loess (fine silty, mixed, thermic, Glossic Fragiudalf). The results showed: (1) a sequence of rainstorms of decreasing intensity on an initially air-dry smooth surface caused more soil loss than a sequence of similar storms of increasing intensity; (2) the surface roughness-sediment concentration relationship was not monotonic in nature; subsurface soil water pressure substantially affected sediment concentration in runoff but only marginally impacted runoff amounts; (4) initially smooth, uniform surfaces may yield less soil loss than initially rough surfaces; (5) interrill runoff occurred as spatially varying flow in which flow patterns determine the locations of rills. JF - Catena AU - Roemkens, MJM AU - Helming, K AU - Prasad, S N AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, PO Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, romkens@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 2002/01/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 03 SP - 103 EP - 123 VL - 46 IS - 2-3 SN - 0341-8162, 0341-8162 KW - infiltration KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Soil moisture-erosion relationships KW - Pore water KW - Land Management KW - Surface Runoff KW - Rainfall-runoff relationships KW - Rainfall KW - Roughness KW - Soil Water KW - Soil erosion KW - Topographic effects KW - Freshwater KW - Surface properties KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Sediment transport KW - Rainfall Intensity KW - Topography KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Water content KW - Rainfall intensity-soil loss relationships KW - Infiltration KW - Water Storage KW - Slopes (topography) KW - Soil Erosion KW - Q2 09283:Soil mechanics KW - M2 556.121.6:Intensity (556.121.6) KW - M2 556.161:Rainfall-runoff relation. Runoff factors (556.161) KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - M2 556.14:Infiltration/Soil Moisture (556.14) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18573499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catena&rft.atitle=Soil+erosion+under+different+rainfall+intensities%2C+surface+roughness%2C+and+soil+water+regimes&rft.au=Roemkens%2C+MJM%3BHelming%2C+K%3BPrasad%2C+S+N&rft.aulast=Roemkens&rft.aufirst=MJM&rft.date=2002-01-03&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Catena&rft.issn=03418162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pore water; Surface properties; Stormwater runoff; Roughness; Rainfall; Sediment transport; Slopes (topography); Topographic effects; Soil erosion; Water content; Rainfall intensity-soil loss relationships; Soil moisture-erosion relationships; Rainfall-runoff relationships; Surface Runoff; Land Management; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Water Storage; Infiltration; Soil Water; Soil Erosion; Rainfall Intensity; Topography; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In ovo methods for utilizing the modified live Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine against enteric septicemia in channel catfish AN - 18228107; 5297367 AB - Eyed channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) eggs were vaccinated by immersion exposure (10 min) with either the modified live Edwardsiella ictaluri isolate RE-33 grown in brain heart infusion broth (trial 1) or the lyophilized AQUAVAC-ESC vaccine (trial 2). AQUAVAC-ESC is the modified live E. ictaluri isolate (RE-33) that was licensed, produced and marketed as a vaccine against enteric septicemia of catfish by Intervet. Trial 1 consisted of vaccinated (RE-33 E. ictaluri at 1 x 10 super(5) CFU /ml) and non-vaccinated (controls) treatments with the eyed eggs hatching into fry 4 days following treatment. No mortality was recorded in these fish for 33 days post vaccination. In trial 2, three treatments were used: single vaccinated, vaccinated and fry booster vaccinated 7 days following initial immunization; and non-vaccinated (controls). The vaccination in trial 2 was carried out according to the manufacturer's recommendation for use on channel catfish fry (i.e. AQUAVAC-ESC label). In trial 2, the eyed eggs hatched 24 h post vaccination and no control fish or single-vaccinated fish died following vaccination. Three fry died in the booster vaccinated treatment. No rifampicin-resistant E. ictaluri was isolated from these dead fish. Thirty-three (trial 1) and sixty days (trial 2) following vaccination, fish were challenged with E. ictaluri (isolate AL-93-75) at 1 x 10 super(7) CFU/ml. In trial 1, the relative percentage survival (RPS) of vaccinates was 87.9; however, data did not fit Amend's criteria of 60% mortality in the non-vaccinated treatment and no significant difference was seen between mortality of the vaccinates or control treatments in trial 1 [Dev. Biol. Stand. 49 (1981) 447]. In trial 2, mean percentage mortality in the non-vaccinated treatment (controls) (64.2 plus or minus 5.8) was significantly higher (p=0.003) than mean percentage mortality in the single vaccinated treatment and booster vaccinated treatment (25.8 plus or minus 5.1 and 46.7 plus or minus 0.8, respectively). Relative percentage survival was 59.7 in the single vaccinated treatment and 27.3 in the booster vaccinates. Safety and efficacy of the modified live E. ictaluri vaccine (AQUAVAC-ESC) was demonstrated in eyed channel catfish eggs following single vaccination. Booster vaccination did not enhance vaccine efficacy; however, timing of the booster may have been too soon following initial vaccination of eyed eggs. JF - Aquaculture AU - Shoemaker, CA AU - Klesius, PH AU - Evans, J J AD - Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture--Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 0952, 36830 Auburn, AL USA Y1 - 2002/01/03/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 03 SP - 221 EP - 227 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 203 IS - 3-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Channel catfish KW - Enteric septicemia KW - Graceful catfish KW - in ovo KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Biological control KW - Septicemia KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri KW - Fry KW - Husbandry diseases KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Disease control KW - Aquaculture KW - Vaccination KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Eggs KW - Fish diseases KW - Freshwater aquaculture KW - Vaccines KW - Fish culture KW - Mortality causes KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q4 27360:Vaccines KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18228107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=In+ovo+methods+for+utilizing+the+modified+live+Edwardsiella+ictaluri+vaccine+against+enteric+septicemia+in+channel+catfish&rft.au=Shoemaker%2C+CA%3BKlesius%2C+PH%3BEvans%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Shoemaker&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2002-01-03&rft.volume=203&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Fish diseases; Bacterial diseases; Husbandry diseases; Fry; Disease control; Vaccines; Freshwater aquaculture; Vaccination; Mortality causes; Fish culture; Septicemia; Aquaculture; Eggs; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The triazine hydrolase gene trzN from Nocardioides sp. strain C190: cloning and construction of gene-specific primers. AN - 71363527; 11786260 AB - Using oligonucleotides derived from the N-terminal sequence of a triazine hydrolase from Nocardioides sp. strain C190, two DNA fragments containing trzN were cloned into Escherichia coli and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The 456-amino acid polypeptide predicted from the 1356-bp trzN ORF displayed significant similarity to triazine hydrolases from Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus isolates and belonged to the same amidohydrolase family. The trzN gene was flanked by two DNA sequences possessing 57 and 69% identity, respectively, at the protein level to Rhodococcus erythropolis sequences for a transposase and a transposase helper protein. Amplification primers specific to trzN were tested in soils inoculated with strain C190. The results demonstrated that the primers were specific to trzN, and could detect populations at 10(8) cfu g(-1) soil using 250-mg soil samples. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Mulbry, Walter W AU - Zhu, Hong AU - Nour, Sarah M AU - Topp, Edward AD - U.S Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. mulbryw@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/01/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 02 SP - 75 EP - 79 VL - 206 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - Herbicides KW - Transposases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Hydrolases KW - EC 3.- KW - trzN protein, Nocardioides sp. C190 KW - EC 3.8.1.- KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Herbicides -- metabolism KW - Transposases -- metabolism KW - Transposases -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Atrazine -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Actinomycetales -- enzymology KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Hydrolases -- metabolism KW - Actinomycetales -- genetics KW - Hydrolases -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71363527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=The+triazine+hydrolase+gene+trzN+from+Nocardioides+sp.+strain+C190%3A+cloning+and+construction+of+gene-specific+primers.&rft.au=Mulbry%2C+Walter+W%3BZhu%2C+Hong%3BNour%2C+Sarah+M%3BTopp%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Mulbry&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.date=2002-01-02&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF416746; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling the relative permittivity of soils using soil hygroscopic water content AN - 18363914; 5311091 AB - A model describing the increase in the relative permittivity of water with distance from the soil mineral surface is presented. The model assumes an exponential increase in the value of permittivity with increasing distance from the mineral surface; arguments are presented supporting this approach. The volume of bound water (within the bandwidth of time domain reflectometry, (TDR) 0.01-1 GHz) is considered to be equivalent to the soil hygroscopic water content. The refractive index mixing equation is used as a geometric base into which the model is incorporated. The new equation is tested using measurements of permittivity collected from two drying undisturbed soil cores that contained similar to 10% hygroscopic water. The RMSE of predicted permittivity as a function of water content was found to decrease from similar to 3.5 to less than 1. The model was further tested on data previously presented in the literature and found to correspond reasonably well. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Robinson, DA AU - Cooper, J D AU - Gardner, CMK AD - US Salinity Lab USDA-ARS, 450 W Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA Y1 - 2002/01/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 02 SP - 39 EP - 49 VL - 255 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - permittivity KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Mathematical Equations KW - Soil/water systems KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Soil Water KW - Model Testing KW - Model Studies KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Hygroscopic Water KW - Soil (Characteristics of) KW - Soil properties KW - Soil moisture content KW - Soil Properties KW - Hygroscopic KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - M2 551.579.5:Soil moisture, percolation (551.579.5) KW - M2 556.142:Soil moisture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18363914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Modelling+the+relative+permittivity+of+soils+using+soil+hygroscopic+water+content&rft.au=Robinson%2C+DA%3BCooper%2C+J+D%3BGardner%2C+CMK&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2002-01-02&rft.volume=255&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil properties; Soil moisture content; Soil (Characteristics of); Soil/water systems; Modelling (-general-); Hygroscopic; Mathematical analysis; Hygroscopic Water; Mathematical Equations; Model Testing; Soil Properties; Soil Water; Model Studies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical properties of soil moisture images revisited AN - 18359599; 5311089 AB - Data from passive microwave remote sensing with an ESTAR L-band radiometer, deployed on an aircraft, were used to produce soil moisture images over the area of the Little Washita watershed in Oklahoma in 1992. This area was revisited during the Southern Great Plains 1997 Hydrology Experiment. This offered an opportunity to evaluate the time-specificity of the conclusions, relating to scaling of the surface soil moisture, that have been reported for 1992. The objective of this work was to compare scaling properties of soil moisture fields observed in 1992 and 1997. We analyzed one 1992 data set and three 1997 data sets, each covering several days of continuous drydown. Different resolutions were introduced by aggregating the pixels of original 200-m resolution into bigger square cells. Scaling in dependencies on resolution was observed for the variance of moisture content, for the within-cell variance, and for the first six moments about zero, the latter indicating multiscaling. Parameters of the scaling equations differed among four drying periods studied. However, once a scaling dependency on resolution was established in the beginning of a drying period, its shape was maintained during the drydown both in 1992 and 1997. Slopes of the dependencies changed only slightly, whereas the intercepts decreased as the drying progressed. Having constant slopes and intercepts dependent on average area water contents gives an opportunity to reduce the volume of observations needed to predict scaling of surface soil moisture during drydowns. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Oldak, A AU - Pachepsky, Y AU - Jackson, T J AU - Rawls, W J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, BARC-West, Building 007, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, aoldak@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2002/01/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 02 SP - 12 EP - 24 VL - 255 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - USA, Oklahoma, Washita R. KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Moisture KW - Remote sensing of soil moisture KW - Soil moisture measurement techniques KW - Soil/water systems KW - Remote sensing KW - Statistical analysis KW - Drying KW - Soil Water KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Time dependent KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Moisture Content KW - Data Interpretation KW - Temporal Distribution KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - M2 556.078:Special apparatus and equipment for study of hydrological phenomena (556.078) KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - M2 551.501:Methods of Observation/Computations (551.501) KW - M2 551.579.5:Soil moisture, percolation (551.579.5) KW - M2 556.142:Soil moisture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18359599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Statistical+properties+of+soil+moisture+images+revisited&rft.au=Oldak%2C+A%3BPachepsky%2C+Y%3BJackson%2C+T+J%3BRawls%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Oldak&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-01-02&rft.volume=255&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Remote sensing of soil moisture; Soil moisture measurement techniques; Time dependent; Moisture; Distribution (Mathematical); Soil/water systems; Statistical analysis; Remote sensing; Drying; Remote Sensing; Statistical Analysis; Moisture Content; Soil Water; Spatial Distribution; Data Interpretation; Temporal Distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in nitrogen regulation of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus strains AN - 899135666; 15666439 AB - Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites of several Aspergillus species. The effect of nitrate on aflatoxin production and expression of the key regulatory genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis, aflR and aflJ, were compared among isolates of the S sub(B) and S sub(BG) strains of A. flavus. Aflatoxin production by two of the three strain S sub(B) isolates did not differ significantly between the two media tested, whereas for S sub(BG) A. flavus isolates, the level of aflatoxins in buffered nitrate medium was as much as 20-fold lower than in ammonium salts medium. Expression of aflR was not significantly affected by growth of cultures in nitrate medium for most of the isolates. However, on nitrate medium, expression of aflJ was 2.6-fold higher for the S sub(B) isolates than it was on ammonium salts medium, whereas for the S sub(BG) isolates aflJ expression was 2-fold lower on nitrate than on ammonium salts medium. This difference may result from the presence in the aflJ/aflR intergenic region of S sub(BG) isolates of fewer putative binding sites (HGATAR sites) for AreA, the positive-acting, wide domain transcription factor involved in regulation of nitrogen metabolism. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Ehrlich, K AU - Cotty, P AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70179-0687, USA, ehrlich@srrc.ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 174 EP - 178 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 60 IS - 1-2 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Nitrate KW - Salts KW - Ammonium KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Transcription factors KW - Aflatoxins KW - Metabolites KW - Nitrogen KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899135666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Variability+in+nitrogen+regulation+of+aflatoxin+production+by+Aspergillus+flavus+strains&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+K%3BCotty%2C+P&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=174&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-002-1094-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ammonium; Salts; Nitrate; Transcription factors; Aflatoxins; Metabolites; Nitrogen; Aspergillus flavus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-1094-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stabilization of cucurbitacin E-glycoside, a feeding stimulant for diabroticite beetles, extracted from bitter Hawkesbury watermelon. AN - 72941100; 15455053 AB - Cucurbitacins are feeding stimulants for diabroticite beetles, including corn rootworms and cucumber beetles, which can be added to a bait containing an insecticide thereby reducing the levels of other insecticide treatments needed to control these pests. One of them, cucurbitacin E-glycoside, is water soluble and easily processed from mutant bitter Hawkesbury watermelons (BHW) that express elevated levels of cucurbitacin. Storage of BHW extract at room temperature resulted in a 92% reduction of cucurbitacin E-glycoside over two months, while refrigeration or freezing resulted in a 60% loss of the active ingredient during this time. The loss of the active ingredient was correlated with an increase in BHW extract pH from 5 to greater than 9. The increase in pH of the BHW extracts at room temperature appeared to be due to the growth of certain bacteria, especially Bacillusspp. In refrigerated extracts, the pH remained relatively constant, and bacterial growth was dominated by bacteria such as Lactobacilli. An alternative to refrigeration is concentration of BHW extract. One means of concentration is spray drying, but the high sugar content of the BHW extract (20mg/ml glucose, 40mg/ml fructose) makes this technique impractical. Fermentation of the BHW extract by the yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii, eliminated the sugars and did not raise the pH nor alter the cucurbitacin E-glycoside content of the extract. Elimination of the sugars by fermentation produced an extract that could be successfully spray dried. BHW extract fermented by S. boulardii produced a higher level of feeding stimulation for spotted cucumber beetles in laboratory choice tests. When applied to cucumbers, there was no difference in control of spotted and striped cucumber beetles between baits of fresh or fermented juices combined with the same insecticide. JF - Journal of insect science (Online) AU - Martin, Phyllis A W AU - Blackburn, Michael AU - Schroder, Robert F W AU - Matsuo, Koharto AU - Li, Betty W AD - USDA/ARS Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. pmartin@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 19 VL - 2 KW - Appetite Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Plant Extracts KW - Triterpenes KW - cucurbitacin E KW - 18444-66-1 KW - Fructose KW - 30237-26-4 KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Eosine I Bluish KW - OMS4XQD1T0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Eosine I Bluish -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- methods KW - Appetite Stimulants -- chemistry KW - Fermentation KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Temperature KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Glucose -- analysis KW - Fructose -- analysis KW - Appetite Stimulants -- pharmacology KW - Appetite Stimulants -- isolation & purification KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Beetles -- physiology KW - Triterpenes -- chemistry KW - Citrullus -- chemistry KW - Plant Extracts -- isolation & purification KW - Triterpenes -- pharmacology KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Triterpenes -- isolation & purification KW - Beetles -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72941100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+insect+science+%28Online%29&rft.atitle=Stabilization+of+cucurbitacin+E-glycoside%2C+a+feeding+stimulant+for+diabroticite+beetles%2C+extracted+from+bitter+Hawkesbury+watermelon.&rft.au=Martin%2C+Phyllis+A+W%3BBlackburn%2C+Michael%3BSchroder%2C+Robert+F+W%3BMatsuo%2C+Koharto%3BLi%2C+Betty+W&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Phyllis+A&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+insect+science+%28Online%29&rft.issn=1536-2442&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2007-04-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J AOAC Int. 1996 May-Jun;79(3):718-23 [8634541] Fortschr Chem Org Naturst. 1971;29:307-62 [4949442] J Econ Entomol. 2001 Aug;94(4):892-7 [11561848] J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Jul;47(7):2755-9 [10552560] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of aerosolized feedyard dust that contains natural endotoxins on adult sheep. AN - 72920838; 16206776 AB - To determine the clinical, clinicopathologic, and histologic effects of aerosolized feedyard dust that contains natural endotoxins on adult sheep. Eighteen 3-year-old Saint Croix sheep. A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. There were 2 treatment groups (dust-endotoxin group, n = 9; control group, 9). Aerosolized feedyard dust was provided continuously during a 4-hour period for each application (once in week 1, 3 times in week 2, and 7 times in week 3) to sheep in a semiairtight tent. All sheep were euthanatized and necropsied 8 hours after the treatment group received the last dust treatment. Variables measured before and after each dust treatment were rectal temperature, total WBC count, and concentrations of fibrinogen and haptoglobin. Mean amount of dust administered during each treatment was 451 g/4 h. Filter collection indicated 51 mg of dust/m3 and 7,423 ng of endotoxin. Mean rectal temperature at 8 hours (40.4 C) and mean WBC counts 12 and 24 hours after dust treatment were significantly higher for the treated group than the means of the respective variables for the control group. Similar responses were observed with repeated dust-endotoxin treatments; however, with each subsequent treatment, there was a diminished response. Sheep in the treatment group had generalized alveolar septal thickening and hypercellularity. Feedyard dust induced a temporary febrile response and leukocytosis in sheep in the treatment group. Exposure to dust that contains endotoxins may be a stressor preceding acute infectious respiratory tract disease of marketed sheep. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Purdy, Charles W AU - Straus, David C AU - Chirase, Norbert AU - Parker, David B AU - Ayers, J R AU - Hoover, Mark D AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA. Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 28 EP - 35 VL - 63 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Endotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Prospective Studies KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Random Allocation KW - Sheep KW - Time Factors KW - Leukocyte Count -- veterinary KW - Female KW - Sheep Diseases -- pathology KW - Sheep Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Endotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Endotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72920838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+aerosolized+feedyard+dust+that+contains+natural+endotoxins+on+adult+sheep.&rft.au=Purdy%2C+Charles+W%3BStraus%2C+David+C%3BChirase%2C+Norbert%3BParker%2C+David+B%3BAyers%2C+J+R%3BHoover%2C+Mark+D&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-28 N1 - Date created - 2005-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro detection of acaricide resistance in Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). AN - 72915348; 14570140 AB - The cattle tick Boophilus microplus causes significant economic losses in cattle in the tropical areas of Central and South America. Acaricides are widely used to control tick infestations, with the consequent selection of tolerant and resistant subpopulations. Detoxifying enzymes, and esterases in particular, have been associated with organophosphate resistance in Mexican isolates of B. microplus ticks. Here, we present results of the biochemical detection of esterases and oxidases in 20 isolates of larvae and adult ticks and the effect of esterase and oxidase inhibitors on larvae and adult stages of the tick. Our results indicate the presence of significant differences both in vivo and in vitro between esterase and oxidase activities of OP-susceptible and OP-resistant isolates, even when samples were collected in the same area. The importance of such differences in regionalized integrated pest management and in the US Tick Eradication Program is discussed. JF - Experimental & applied acarology AU - Villarino, Mario A AU - Wagner, G Gale AU - George, John E AD - Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University-USDA, CFTRL Mission, 6508 N 33rd Street, Mc Allen, Texas 78504, USA. cattletick@hotmail.com Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 265 EP - 271 VL - 28 IS - 1-4 SN - 0168-8162, 0168-8162 KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Organophosphates KW - Acetylcholinesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.7 KW - Coumaphos KW - L08SZ5Z5JC KW - triphenyl phosphate KW - YZE19Z66EA KW - Index Medicus KW - Cholinesterase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Organophosphates -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Mexico KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Biological Assay -- veterinary KW - Larva KW - Tick Control -- methods KW - Acetylcholinesterase -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Ixodidae -- enzymology KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- parasitology KW - Ixodidae -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72915348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+%26+applied+acarology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+detection+of+acaricide+resistance+in+Boophilus+microplus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29.&rft.au=Villarino%2C+Mario+A%3BWagner%2C+G+Gale%3BGeorge%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Villarino&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+%26+applied+acarology&rft.issn=01688162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular and biochemical diagnosis of esterase-mediated pyrethroid resistance in a Mexican strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). AN - 72912910; 14570139 AB - We examined pyrethroid resistant Mexican strains of Boophilus microplus using biochemical and molecular tests to determine the mechanisms conferring resistance. Permethrin hydrolysis assays and esterase activity gels indicated enhanced esterase-mediated metabolic detoxification in the Cz strain, while one other pyrethroid resistant strain, SF, and two pyrethroid susceptible strains had lower levels of permethrin hydrolysis. Results from assays using a PCR-based test to detect a pyrethroid target site resistance-associated mutation in the tick sodium channel gene found only low levels of mutations in the Cz strain, while the SF strain had a high level of the mutated sodium channel alleles. A specific esterase, designated CzEst9, believed to be responsible for the esterase-mediated pyrethroid resistance in the Cz strain was purified, and the gene encoding CzEst9 cloned. JF - Experimental & applied acarology AU - Guerrero, Felix D AU - Pruett, John H AU - Li, Andrew Y AD - USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd., Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. felixg@ktc.com Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 257 EP - 264 VL - 28 IS - 1-4 SN - 0168-8162, 0168-8162 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Sodium Channels KW - Permethrin KW - 509F88P9SZ KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Esterases KW - EC 3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Mexico KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - DNA -- genetics KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Sodium Channels -- genetics KW - Ixodidae -- genetics KW - Ixodidae -- enzymology KW - Esterases -- genetics KW - Esterases -- metabolism KW - Ixodidae -- physiology KW - Sodium Channels -- metabolism KW - Ixodidae -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72912910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+%26+applied+acarology&rft.atitle=Molecular+and+biochemical+diagnosis+of+esterase-mediated+pyrethroid+resistance+in+a+Mexican+strain+of+Boophilus+microplus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29.&rft.au=Guerrero%2C+Felix+D%3BPruett%2C+John+H%3BLi%2C+Andrew+Y&rft.aulast=Guerrero&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+%26+applied+acarology&rft.issn=01688162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum through use of the '4-poster' treatment device on deer in Maryland. AN - 72907126; 14570143 AB - Deer self-treatment devices ('4-posters') were evaluated for their efficacy in reducing populations of blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, and lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum. At each of three locations in Maryland, 25 '4-posters' were operated in study areas of approximately 5.18 km2. Populations of host-seeking ticks were monitored by flagging of treated areas and similar untreated control areas without '4-posters.' From 1998 to 2002 the percent mortalities achieved were 69, 75.8 and 80 at the three study sites infested with I. scapularis nymphs, and 99.5 and 95.3 for A. americanum nymphs at the two sites where this species occurred. JF - Experimental & applied acarology AU - Carroll, John F AU - Allen, Patricia C AU - Hill, Dolores E AU - Pound, J Mathews AU - Miller, J Allen AU - George, John E AD - Parasite Biology, Epidemiology and Systematics Laboratory, ARS, USDA, BARC-East, Building 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. jcarroll@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 289 EP - 296 VL - 28 IS - 1-4 SN - 0168-8162, 0168-8162 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Toluidines KW - amitraz KW - 33IAH5017S KW - Index Medicus KW - Tick Infestations -- parasitology KW - Animals KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Tick Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Maryland KW - Ixodes KW - Tick Control -- methods KW - Deer -- parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72907126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+%26+applied+acarology&rft.atitle=Control+of+Ixodes+scapularis+and+Amblyomma+americanum+through+use+of+the+%274-poster%27+treatment+device+on+deer+in+Maryland.&rft.au=Carroll%2C+John+F%3BAllen%2C+Patricia+C%3BHill%2C+Dolores+E%3BPound%2C+J+Mathews%3BMiller%2C+J+Allen%3BGeorge%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+%26+applied+acarology&rft.issn=01688162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cloning and functional expression of an esterase gene in Aspergillus parasitcus. AN - 72902204; 12749588 AB - Within the 80 kb aflatoxin pathway gene cluster characterized earlier, and between adhA and norA genes, we have identified an estA gene encoding an esterase from wild type strain Aspergillus parasiticus SRRC 143. The 1,500 bp genomic DNA and 945 bp cDNA sequences were determined for estA. Outside of the aflatoxin pathway gene cluster, an additional copy of the estA gene (named estA2) was also cloned from the same A. parasiticus strain. Comparison of the estA and estA2 sequences showed 9 substitutions within the 314 amino acid residues of their gene products, and no apparent defect was identified in the estA2. The estA gene is a homolog of the stcI gene identified in A. nidulans involved in the biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin and dihydro-sterigmatocystin for the conversion of versiconal hemiacetal acetate to versiconal. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments demonstrated that the estA is constitutively expressed. And only this estA gene, which is located within the aflatoxin pathway gene cluster, is expressed; no expression of the estA2 gene was detected under both aflatoxin conducive and non-conducive conditions. Possible reasons for the preferential expression of the estA over the estA2 gene have been discussed. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Yu, Jiujiang AU - Chang, Perng-Kuang AU - Bhatnagar, Deepak AU - Cleveland, Thomas E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA. jiuyu@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 227 EP - 234 VL - 156 IS - 3 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Fungal Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - EstA protein, Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- biosynthesis KW - Gene Expression KW - Cosmids -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Cosmids -- chemistry KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- genetics KW - DNA, Fungal -- metabolism KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- biosynthesis KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72902204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+functional+expression+of+an+esterase+gene+in+Aspergillus+parasitcus.&rft.au=Yu%2C+Jiujiang%3BChang%2C+Perng-Kuang%3BBhatnagar%2C+Deepak%3BCleveland%2C+Thomas+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Jiujiang&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aspergillus on tree nuts: incidence and associations. AN - 72857083; 12617503 AB - California exports tree nuts to countries where they face stringent standards for aflatoxin contamination. Trade concerns have stimulated efforts to eliminate aflatoxins and Aspergillus flavus from almonds, pistachios and walnuts. Incidence of fungi on tree nuts and associations among fungi on tree nuts were studied. Eleven hundred pistachios, almonds, walnuts and brazil nuts without visible insect damage were plated on salt agar and observed for growth of fungi. Samples came both from California nut orchards and from supermarkets. To distinguish internal fungal colonization of nuts from superficial colonization, half the nuts were surface-sterilized before plating. The most common genera found were Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Penicillium. Each species of nut had a distinct mycoflora. Populations of most fungi were reduced by surface sterilization in all except brazil nuts, suggesting that they were present as superficial inoculum on (rather than in) the nuts. In general, strongly positive associations were observed among species of Aspergillus; nuts infected by one species were likely to be colonized by other species as well. Presence of Penicillium was negatively associated with A. niger and Rhizopus in some cases. Results suggest that harvest or postharvest handling has a major influence on nut mycoflora, and that nuts with fungi are usually colonized by several fungi rather than by single species. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Bayman, Paul AU - Baker, James L AU - Mahoney, Noreen E AD - USDA ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, U.S.A. pbayman@upracd.upr.clu.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 161 EP - 169 VL - 155 IS - 3 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Trees KW - Food Handling KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Food Preservation KW - Food Microbiology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- growth & development KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Aspergillus flavus -- isolation & purification KW - Nuts -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72857083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Aspergillus+on+tree+nuts%3A+incidence+and+associations.&rft.au=Bayman%2C+Paul%3BBaker%2C+James+L%3BMahoney%2C+Noreen+E&rft.aulast=Bayman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carry over effects of dietary crude protein and methimazole in broiler chickens. AN - 72823235; 12542010 AB - Seven day old male broiler chickens were fed diets containing 12, 18 or 24% crude protein + 0 or 1 g methimazole/kg diet for 21 days to examine the interaction of the birds' thyroid status and crude protein levels on metabolism. Methimazole (1-methyl-2-mercaptimidazole) inhibits thyroidal production of thyroid hormones and results in hypothyroidism. Birds were fed a diet containing 18% crude protein for an additional 21 days to determine the carry over effects of treatments. Birds were killed at 28 and 49 d. In vitro lipogenesis was inversely related (P < 0.05) to dietary protein levels in control birds at 28 d. Dietary methimazole attenuated (P < 0.05) this effect, resulting in a common rate similar to that attained in the birds fed the highest level of protein without methimazole. Birds fed methimazole for an initial 21-day period (7 to 28 d of age) had greater lipogenic rates (P < 0.05) at 49 d than did their control counterparts. In contrast, methimazole increased (P < 0.05) abdominal fat pad (AFP) lipoprotein lipase (LPL) at both age periods, indicating increased ability by the AFP to remove triglycerides from systemic circulation. Observations at 49 d suggest that perturbations in the thyroid of the young bird may substantially change metabolism in later life. Results also show that obesity in hypothyroid birds cannot be explained by increases in de novo lipogenesis, but probably relates to changes in LPL activity. JF - Growth, development, and aging : GDA AU - Rosebrough, R W AD - Growth Biology Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. rosebro@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 95 EP - 106 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 1041-1232, 1041-1232 KW - Antithyroid Agents KW - 0 KW - Dietary Proteins KW - Lipids KW - Methimazole KW - 554Z48XN5E KW - Malate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.37 KW - malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) KW - EC 1.1.1.40 KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.41 KW - isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) KW - EC 1.1.1.42 KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Lipoprotein Lipase KW - EC 3.1.1.34 KW - Index Medicus KW - Malate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Lipids -- biosynthesis KW - Adipose Tissue -- metabolism KW - Hypothyroidism -- metabolism KW - Lipoprotein Lipase -- metabolism KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Hypothyroidism -- chemically induced KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Dietary Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Antithyroid Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Chickens -- growth & development KW - Chickens -- metabolism KW - Methimazole -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72823235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Growth%2C+development%2C+and+aging+%3A+GDA&rft.atitle=Carry+over+effects+of+dietary+crude+protein+and+methimazole+in+broiler+chickens.&rft.au=Rosebrough%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Rosebrough&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Growth%2C+development%2C+and+aging+%3A+GDA&rft.issn=10411232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal phosphatase activity in three characteristic soils of the English uplands polluted by long-term atmospheric nitrogen deposition. AN - 72513161; 12395844 AB - Phosphomonoesterase activities were determined monthly during a seasonal cycle in three characteristic soil types of the English uplands that have been subject to long-term atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Activities (micromol para-nitrophenol g(-1) soil dry wt. h(-1)) ranged between 83.9 and 307 in a blanket peat (total carbon 318 mg g(-1). pH 3.9), 45.2-86.4 in an acid organic grassland soil (total carbon 354 mg g(-1), pH 3.7) and 10.4-21.1 in a calcareous grassland soil (total carbon 140 mg g(-1) pH 7.3). These are amongst the highest reported soil phosphomonoesterase activities and confirm the strong biological phosphorus limitation in this environment. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Turner, Benjamin L AU - Baxter, Robert AU - Whitton, Brian A AD - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham, UK. bturner@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 313 EP - 317 VL - 120 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.3.2 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Exposure KW - England KW - Seasons KW - Nitrogen -- analysis KW - Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72513161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Seasonal+phosphatase+activity+in+three+characteristic+soils+of+the+English+uplands+polluted+by+long-term+atmospheric+nitrogen+deposition.&rft.au=Turner%2C+Benjamin+L%3BBaxter%2C+Robert%3BWhitton%2C+Brian+A&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summer and autumn ozone fluxes to a forest in the Czech Republic Brdy Mountains. AN - 71977856; 12152834 AB - In an effort to examine ozone (O3) deposition over a forest site in the Czech Republic, a low cost eddy flux experiment using slow response ozone and temperature sensors was implemented in July 1993 within the Brdy Mountains. Half-hour 2-Hz ozone and sensible heat measurements made at the Brdy Mountains for 98 days during the period 7 July 1994-20 October 1994 are analyzed and reported. While the Czech Brdy Mountains AOT40 level for the overall 104 day period was 7.6 ppm h (15.1 ppm h for the full 24-h summation), indicating a slight potential for 03 injury, the 1994 summer to autumn'measured forest O3 uptake was 2.4 (+/- 0.9) g m(-2), not unusually high compared to other studies. Average summer midday 03 fluxes and depositidn velocities were -1.0 (+/- 0.6) microg m(-2) s(-1) and 1.1 (+/- 0.7) cm s(-1). and autumn values were -0.36 (+/- 0.4) microg m(-2) s(-1) and 0.7 (+/- 0.5) cm s(-1) respectively. A unique contribution of this study is the first time demonstrated use of slow responding sensors for eddy covariance flux measurements at heights of 20 m above a forest. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Zeller, Karl AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA. k.zeller@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 269 EP - 278 VL - 119 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Hot Temperature KW - Czech Republic KW - Meteorological Concepts KW - Ozone -- analysis KW - Seasons KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Forestry KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71977856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Summer+and+autumn+ozone+fluxes+to+a+forest+in+the+Czech+Republic+Brdy+Mountains.&rft.au=Zeller%2C+Karl&rft.aulast=Zeller&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A statistical approach to estimate O3 uptake of ponderosa pine in a mediterranean climate. AN - 71977726; 12152824 AB - In highly polluted sites, stomatal behavior is sluggish with respect to light, vapor pressure deficit, and internal CO2 concentration (Ci) and poorly described by existing models. Statistical models were developed to estimate stomatal conductance (gs) of 40-year-old ponderosa pine at three sites differing in pollutant exposure for the purpose of calculating O3 uptake. Gs was estimated using julian day, hour of day, pre-dawn xylem potential and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). The median difference between estimated and observed field gs did not exceed 10 mmol H2O m(-2) s(-1), and estimated gs within 95% confidence intervals. 03 uptake was calculated from hourly estimated gs, hourly O3 concentration, and a constant to correct for the difference in diffusivity between water vapor and 03. The simulation model TREGRO was also used to calculate the cumulative 03 uptake at all three sites. 03 uptake estimated by the statistical model was higher than that simulated by TREGRO because gas exchange rates were proportionally higher. O3 exposure and uptake were significantly correlated (r2>0.92), because O3 exposure and gs were highly correlated in both statistical and simulation models. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Grulke, N E AU - Preisler, H K AU - Fan, C C AU - Retzlaff, W A AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA 92507, USA. ngrulke@deltanet.com Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 163 EP - 175 VL - 119 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Plant Leaves -- metabolism KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Seasons KW - Climate KW - Models, Statistical KW - Environmental Pollution KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Photosynthesis -- physiology KW - Ozone -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Pinus -- metabolism KW - Ozone -- administration & dosage KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71977726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=A+statistical+approach+to+estimate+O3+uptake+of+ponderosa+pine+in+a+mediterranean+climate.&rft.au=Grulke%2C+N+E%3BPreisler%2C+H+K%3BFan%2C+C+C%3BRetzlaff%2C+W+A&rft.aulast=Grulke&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits. AN - 71955220; 12147766 AB - Losses from postharvest fruit diseases range from 1 to 20 percent in the United States, depending on the commodity. The application of fungicides to fruits after harvest to reduce decay has been increasingly curtailed by the development of pathogen resistance to many key fungicides, the lack of replacement fungicides, negative public perception regarding the safety of pesticides and consequent restrictions on fungicide use. Biological control of postharvest diseases (BCPD) has emerged as an effective alternative. Because wound-invading necrotrophic pathogens are vulnerable to biocontrol, antagonists can be applied directly to the targeted area (fruit wounds), and a single application using existing delivery systems (drenches, line sprayers, on-line dips) can significantly reduce fruit decays. The pioneering biocontrol products BioSave and Aspire were registered by EPA in 1995 for control of postharvest rots of pome and citrus fruit, respectively, and are commercially available. The limitations of these biocontrol products can be addressed by enhancing biocontrol through manipulation of the environment, using mixtures of beneficial organisms, physiological and genetic enhancement of the biocontrol mechanisms, manipulation of formulations, and integration of biocontrol with other alternative methods that alone do not provide adequate protection but in combination with biocontrol provide additive or synergistic effects. JF - Annual review of phytopathology AU - Janisiewicz, Wojciech J AU - Korsten, Lise AD - Appalachian Fruit Research Station, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430, USA. wjanisie@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 411 EP - 441 VL - 40 SN - 0066-4286, 0066-4286 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Immunity, Innate -- genetics KW - Time Factors KW - Crops, Agricultural -- microbiology KW - Crops, Agricultural -- drug effects KW - Fruit -- microbiology KW - Fruit -- physiology KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Plant Diseases -- genetics KW - Fruit -- drug effects KW - Crops, Agricultural -- genetics KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71955220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+review+of+phytopathology&rft.atitle=Biological+control+of+postharvest+diseases+of+fruits.&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+Wojciech+J%3BKorsten%2C+Lise&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=Wojciech&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+review+of+phytopathology&rft.issn=00664286&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stripe rust of wheat and barley in North America: a retrospective historical review. AN - 71944317; 12147755 AB - This retrospective review deals with the sequence of events and research progress on control of stripe rust of wheat and barley in North America. From the discovery of stripe rust in 1915, it documents the early years of stripe rust research, the 20-year hiatus when stripe rust was not considered important and research was almost nonexistent, the short period in the 1950s when stripe rust became prevalent in the central United States, and the severe epidemics in the West in the 1960s and the associated revival and expansion of research. Finally, it covers 1968 to 2001 when the earlier information was consolidated and combined with results of new research to enable prediction and control of stripe rust, especially in the West. JF - Annual review of phytopathology AU - Line, Roland F AD - USDA-ARS and Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430, USA. rline@wsu.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 75 EP - 118 VL - 40 SN - 0066-4286, 0066-4286 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - North America KW - History, 21st Century KW - History, 20th Century KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- history KW - History, 19th Century KW - Spores -- growth & development KW - Immunity, Innate -- genetics KW - Triticum -- history KW - Triticum -- genetics KW - Basidiomycota -- isolation & purification KW - Basidiomycota -- classification KW - Plant Diseases -- statistics & numerical data KW - Hordeum -- microbiology KW - Hordeum -- genetics KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Hordeum -- history KW - Basidiomycota -- genetics KW - Triticum -- microbiology KW - Plant Diseases -- history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71944317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+review+of+phytopathology&rft.atitle=Stripe+rust+of+wheat+and+barley+in+North+America%3A+a+retrospective+historical+review.&rft.au=Line%2C+Roland+F&rft.aulast=Line&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+review+of+phytopathology&rft.issn=00664286&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxins of filamentous fungi. AN - 71887946; 12102001 AB - Mycotoxins are low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites of fungi. The most significant mycotoxins are contaminants of agricultural commodities, foods and feeds. Fungi that produce these toxins do so both prior to harvest and during storage. Although contamination of commodities by toxigenic fungi occurs frequently in areas with a hot and humid climate (i.e. conditions favorable for fungal growth), they can also be found in temperate conditions. Production of mycotoxins is dependent upon the type of producing fungus and environmental conditions such as the substrate, water activity (moisture and relative humidity), duration of exposure to stress conditions and microbial, insect or other animal interactions. Although outbreaks of mycotoxicoses in humans have been documented, several of these have not been well characterized, neither has a direct correlation between the mycotoxin and resulting toxic effect been well established in vivo. Even though the specific modes of action of most of the toxins are not well established, acute and chronic effects in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, including humans have been reported. The toxicity of the mycotoxins varies considerably with the toxin, the animal species exposed to it, and the extent of exposure, age and nutritional status. Most of the toxic effects of mycotoxins are limited to specific organs, but several mycotoxins affect many organs. Induction of cancer by some mycotoxins is a major concern as a chronic effect of these toxins. It is nearly impossible to eliminate mycotoxins from the foods and feed in spite of the regulatory efforts at the national and international levels to remove the contaminated commodities. This is because mycotoxins are highly stable compounds, the producing fungi are ubiquitous, and food contamination can occur both before and after harvest. Nevertheless, good farm management practices and adequate storage facilities minimize the toxin contamination problems. Current research is designed to develop natural biocontrol competitive fungi and to enhance host resistance against fungal growth or toxin production. These efforts could prevent toxin formation entirely. Rigorous programs for reducing the risk of human and animal exposure to contaminated foods and feed also include economically feasible and safe detoxification processes and dietary modifications. Although risk assessment has been made for some mycotoxins, additional, systematic epidemological data for human exposure is needed for establishing toxicological parameters for mycotoxins and the safe dose for humans. It is unreasonable to expect complete elimination of the mycotoxin problem. But multiple approaches will be needed to minimize the economic impact of the toxins on the entire agriculture industry and their harmfulness to human and animal health. JF - Chemical immunology AU - Bhatnagar, Deepak AU - Yu, Jiujiang AU - Ehrlich, Kenneth C AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, La., USA. dbhatnag@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 167 EP - 206 VL - 81 SN - 1015-0145, 1015-0145 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Ergot Alkaloids KW - Mycotoxins KW - Ochratoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Trichothecenes -- toxicity KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Ochratoxins -- toxicity KW - Animal Feed -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Trichothecenes -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxicosis -- etiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - Ochratoxins -- chemistry KW - Aflatoxins -- chemistry KW - Fungi -- pathogenicity KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71887946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+immunology&rft.atitle=Toxins+of+filamentous+fungi.&rft.au=Bhatnagar%2C+Deepak%3BYu%2C+Jiujiang%3BEhrlich%2C+Kenneth+C&rft.aulast=Bhatnagar&rft.aufirst=Deepak&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+immunology&rft.issn=10150145&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The PICM-19 cell line as an in vitro model of liver bile ductules: effects of cAMP inducers, biopeptides and pH. AN - 71873795; 12097833 AB - The PICM-19 fetal liver cell line was isolated from the primary culture and spontaneous differentiation of pig epiblast cells, i.e. embryonic stem cells. PICM-19 cells were induced to differentiate into mostly ductular formations by culturing at pH 7.6-7.8. The ductules were functionally assayed by treatment with cAMP inducing agents and bioactive peptides reported to influence the secretory activity of liver bile ductules. The secretory response of the cells was assessed by qualitative or quantitative measurement of the cross-sectional area of the ductal lumens and the appearance of biliary canaliculi in between PICM-19 cells that had formed monolayers instead of ducts. Forskolin (10 microM) and 8-bromoadenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (bcAMP; 2 mM) stimulated fluid transport and expansion of ductal structures in 15-20 min and stimulated the appearance and expansion of biliary canaliculi in 30-60 min. Cholera toxin (50 ng/ml) stimulates fluid transport in both ductules and canaliculi in 1-2 h, while 8-bromoguanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (bcGMP; 2 mM) stimulated only biliary canaliculi in 2 h. Glucagon (1.4 nM) produced a similar response in 5-10 min in ductal structures only, but the response was transitory and was almost completely reversed within 30 min. Secretin (100 pM) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (75 pM) produced a sustained response with maximal ductal lumen expansion occurring in 5-10 min and neither had an immediate effect on canaliculi. Somatostatin (0.5 microM) and gastrin (1 microM) caused marked reduction or disappearance of ductal lumens in 30-60 min, but was ineffective in reversing secretin (100 nM)-induced duct distension. Application of the adrenergic agonists, epinephrine, isoproterenol, and phenylephrine (100 microM), resulted in the complete shrinkage of ductal lumens in 20-30 min. A shift to pH 7.0-7.2 resulted in almost complete reduction of ductal lumens, while a shift to pH 7.8-8.0 resulted in expansion, although not full expansion, of the ductal lumens. PICM-19 bile duct cultures were positive for cytokeratin-7, aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-9 by Western blot analysis. The amounts of these proteins increased in the cultures as differentiation proceeded over time. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the ductal structures were usually sandwiched between SIM mouse, thioguanine- and ouabain-resistant (STO) feeder cells that had produced a collagen matrix. Also, the ductular PICM-19 cells possessed cilia, probably occurring as a single cilium in each cell, that projected into the lumens of the ducts. The results indicated that the in vitro-produced ductal structures of the PICM-19 cell line are a functional model for biliary epithelium. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel JF - Cells, tissues, organs AU - Talbot, Neil C AU - Caperna, Thomas J AU - Wells, Kevin D AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md 20705, USA. Ntalbot@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 99 EP - 116 VL - 171 IS - 2-3 SN - 1422-6405, 1422-6405 KW - Aquaporins KW - 0 KW - Keratin-7 KW - Krt2-7 protein, mouse KW - Peptide Hormones KW - Peptides KW - Sympathomimetics KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - Keratins KW - 68238-35-7 KW - Cholera Toxin KW - 9012-63-9 KW - Cyclic AMP KW - E0399OZS9N KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Keratins -- metabolism KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Fetus KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Sympathomimetics -- pharmacology KW - Cholera Toxin -- pharmacology KW - Totipotent Stem Cells -- metabolism KW - Colforsin -- pharmacology KW - Peptide Hormones -- pharmacology KW - Cell Differentiation -- physiology KW - Totipotent Stem Cells -- cytology KW - Aquaporins -- metabolism KW - Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic -- ultrastructure KW - Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic -- metabolism KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Cyclic AMP -- metabolism KW - Cyclic AMP -- analogs & derivatives KW - Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic -- cytology KW - Peptides -- pharmacology KW - Cell Line UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71873795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cells%2C+tissues%2C+organs&rft.atitle=The+PICM-19+cell+line+as+an+in+vitro+model+of+liver+bile+ductules%3A+effects+of+cAMP+inducers%2C+biopeptides+and+pH.&rft.au=Talbot%2C+Neil+C%3BCaperna%2C+Thomas+J%3BWells%2C+Kevin+D&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cells%2C+tissues%2C+organs&rft.issn=14226405&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carcinogenicity and mechanism of action of fumonisin B1: a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme (= F. verticillioides). AN - 71857937; 12088196 AB - Fumonisins are fungal metabolites and suspected human carcinogens. They inhibit ceramide synthase in vitro, enhance tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) production, and cause apoptosis. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) was fed to rats and mice for 2 years or, in separate studies, given to rats or mice for up to 4 weeks. Kidney tubule adenomas and carcinomas were found in male rats fed > or = 50 ppm, whereas liver adenomas and carcinomas were found in female mice fed > or = 50 ppm for 2 years. In the short-term studies, increases in tissue concentration of the ceramide synthase substrate sphinganine (Sa) and the Sa to sphingosine (So) ratio were correlated with apoptosis. Further, hepatotoxicity was ameliorated in mice lacking either the TNFR1 or the TNFR2 TNFalpha receptors. Thus, FB1 was carcinogenic to rodents and thefindings support the hypothesis that disrupted sphingolipid metabolism and TNFalpha play important roles in its mode of action. JF - Cancer detection and prevention AU - Voss, Kenneth A AU - Howard, Paul C AU - Riley, Ronald T AU - Sharma, Raghubir P AU - Bucci, Thomas J AU - Lorentzen, Ronald J AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA. kvoss@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0361-090X, 0361-090X KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Fumonisins KW - Mycotoxins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Sphingolipids KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - dihydroceramide desaturase KW - EC 1.3.1.- KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Sphingosine -- metabolism KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Kidney -- enzymology KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Adenoma -- enzymology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Adenoma -- pathology KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- genetics KW - Male KW - Sphingolipids -- metabolism KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- enzymology KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Oxidoreductases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Female KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- enzymology KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Fumonisins -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71857937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+detection+and+prevention&rft.atitle=Carcinogenicity+and+mechanism+of+action+of+fumonisin+B1%3A+a+mycotoxin+produced+by+Fusarium+moniliforme+%28%3D+F.+verticillioides%29.&rft.au=Voss%2C+Kenneth+A%3BHoward%2C+Paul+C%3BRiley%2C+Ronald+T%3BSharma%2C+Raghubir+P%3BBucci%2C+Thomas+J%3BLorentzen%2C+Ronald+J&rft.aulast=Voss&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+detection+and+prevention&rft.issn=0361090X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems. AN - 71844309; 12079102 AB - Research from several regions of the world provides spatially anecdotal evidence to hypothesize which hydrologic and agricultural factors contribute to groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination. Analysis of nationally consistent measurements from the U.S. Geological Survey's NAWOA program confirms these hypotheses for a substantial range of agricultural systems. Shallow unconfined aquifers are most susceptible to nitrate contamination associated with agricultural systems. Alluvial and other unconsolidated aquifers are the most vulnerable and shallow carbonate aquifers provide a substantial but smaller contamination risk. Where any of these aquifers are overlain by permeable soils the risk of contamination is larger. Irrigated systems can compound this vulnerability by increasing leaching facilitated by additional recharge and additional concentrations of groundwater nitrate than all other agricultural systems, although mean nitrate concentrations in counties with dairy, poultry, cattle and grains, and horticulture systems were similar. If trends in the relation between increased fertilizer use and groundwater nitrate in the United States are repeated in other regions of the world, Asia may experience increasing problems because of recent increases in fertilizer use. Groundwater monitoring in Western and Eastern Europe as well as Russia over the next decade may provide data to determine if the trend in increased nitrate contamination can be reversed. If the concentrated livestock trend in the United States is global, it may be accompanied by increasing nitrogen contamination in groundwater. Concentrated livestock provide both point sources in the confinement area and intense non-point sources as fields close to facilities are used for manure disposal. Regions where irrigated cropland is expanding, such as in Asia, may experience the greatest impact of this practice. JF - Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research AU - Burkart, M R AU - Stoner, J D AD - USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 19 EP - 28 VL - 45 IS - 9 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Manure KW - Nitrates KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Europe KW - Russia KW - Risk Assessment KW - Agriculture KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Nitrates -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71844309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+science+and+technology+%3A+a+journal+of+the+International+Association+on+Water+Pollution+Research&rft.atitle=Nitrate+in+aquifers+beneath+agricultural+systems.&rft.au=Burkart%2C+M+R%3BStoner%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Burkart&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+science+and+technology+%3A+a+journal+of+the+International+Association+on+Water+Pollution+Research&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summer-time distribution of air pollutants in Sequoia National Park, California. AN - 71623071; 11939282 AB - Concentrations of air pollutants were monitored during the May November 1999 period on a network of forested sites in Sequoia National Park, California. Measurements were conducted with: (1) active monitors for nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3); (2) honeycomb denuder/filter pack systems for nitric acid vapor (HNO3), nitrous acid vapor (HNO2), ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), and sulfate (SO4(2-)); and (3) passive samplers for O3, HNO3 and NO2. Elevated concentrations of O3 (seasonal means 41-71 ppb), HNO3 (seasonal means 0.4-2.9 microg/m3), NH3 (seasonal means 1.6-4.5 microg/m3), NO3 (1.1-2.0 microg/m3) and NH4+ (1.0-1.9 microg/m3) were determined. Concentrations of other pollutants were low. With increasing elevation and distance from the pollution source area of O3, NH3 and HNO3 concentrations decreased. Ammonia and NH4+ were dominant N pollutants indicating strong influence of agricultural emissions on forests and other ecosystems of the Sequoia National Park. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Bytnerowicz, Andrzej AU - Tausz, Michael AU - Alonso, Rocio AU - Jones, David AU - Johnson, Ronald AU - Grulke, Nancy AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA 92507, USA. andrzej@deltanet.com Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 187 EP - 203 VL - 118 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - California KW - Agriculture KW - Particle Size KW - Seasons KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Trees KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71623071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Summer-time+distribution+of+air+pollutants+in+Sequoia+National+Park%2C+California.&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+Andrzej%3BTausz%2C+Michael%3BAlonso%2C+Rocio%3BJones%2C+David%3BJohnson%2C+Ronald%3BGrulke%2C+Nancy&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-04-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological control of Fusarium head blight of wheat and deoxynivalenol levels in grain via use of microbial antagonists. AN - 71569602; 11922099 AB - Efforts to reduce mycotoxin contamination in food logically start with minimizing plant infection by mycotoxin producing pathogens. Fusarium graminearum (perfect state, Gibberella zeae) infects wheat heads at flowering, causing the disease Fusarium head blight (FHB) and losses of over 2.6 billion dollars in the U.S. during the last 10 years. The pathogen often produces deoxynivalenol (DON) resulting in grain size and quality reduction. Highly resistant wheat cultivars currently are not available for reducing FHB, and labeled fungicides are not consistently effective. The feasibility of biologically controlling FHB is currently being evaluated. Microbial isolates obtained from wheat anthers were screened for their ability to utilize tartaric acid, a compound that is poorly utilized by F. graminearum and could be utilized in formulations of biological control agents. Four strains that utilized tartaric acid and three that did not were effective in reducing FHB disease severity by up to 95% in greenhouse and 56% in field trials. Additional research programs around the globe have identified other antagonist strains with potential for biologically controlling FHB. Though a considerable body of research remains to be completed, strategies and microorganisms for biologically controlling FHB have reached an advanced stage of development and offer the promise of being an effective tool that could soon contribute to the reduction of FHB severity and DON contamination of grain in commercial agriculture. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Schisler, David A AU - Khan, Naseem I AU - Boehm, Michael J AD - USDA-ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 53 EP - 69 VL - 504 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Fusarium -- chemistry KW - Fusarium -- drug effects KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Triticum -- microbiology KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71569602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Biological+control+of+Fusarium+head+blight+of+wheat+and+deoxynivalenol+levels+in+grain+via+use+of+microbial+antagonists.&rft.au=Schisler%2C+David+A%3BKhan%2C+Naseem+I%3BBoehm%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Schisler&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=504&rft.issue=&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in serum ovotransferrin levels in chickens with experimentally induced inflammation and diseases. AN - 71569302; 11922323 AB - A competitive enzyme immunoassay was developed to measure the changes in serum levels of ovotransferrin (OTF) during inflammation and infectious diseases in chickens. The assay is based on the competition of serum OTF with a fixed concentration of biotin-labeled OTF to bind to a rabbit anti-chicken transferrin antibody immobilized on microtiter wells. After several washing steps, the antibody-bound biotinylated OTF is probed with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (HRP) followed by a colorimetric detection of the HRP activity. The relative changes in the optical density of color are plotted against the competing concentrations of OTF with logarithmic regression to generate a standard curve that is used to determine the concentrations of OTF in unknown samples. Serum had no effect on the measurement of OTE By this method, the time course changes of serum OTF levels in 4-wk-old male broiler chickens that were subjected to inflammation by croton oil injection were measured. The results showed croton oil-induced inflammation elevated serum OTF levels at 16 hr postinjection. OTF levels reached a peak by 72 hr, remained high through 120 hr, and returned to a basal level of olive oil-injected controls by 240 hr. There were no changes in serum OTF levels at any of the above time points in olive oil-injected control chickens. For studies with poultry diseases, specific-pathogen-free (SPF) male chickens were challenged with known bacterial and viral pathogens, and serum was collected at the height of the infection, i.e., 7 days after the challenge. Compared with uninjected controls, the SPF chickens challenged with Escherichia coli, fowl poxvirus, respiratory enteric orphan virus, infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, or infectious laryngotracheitis virus had higher levels of OTF in serum. Inflammation-induced changes in serum OTF levels were also evident in the changes in the density of a 65-kD band protein corresponding to OTF. These results demonstrate that serum OTF may be a nonspecific clinical marker of inflammation associated with traumatic or infectious avian diseases. JF - Avian diseases AU - Xie, H AU - Newberry, L AU - Clark, F D AU - Huff, W E AU - Huff, G R AU - Balog, J M AU - Rath, N C AD - Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, USDA, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 122 EP - 131 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Olive Oil KW - 0 KW - Plant Oils KW - Conalbumin KW - 1391-06-6 KW - Croton Oil KW - 8001-28-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals KW - Croton Oil -- toxicity KW - Plant Oils -- pharmacology KW - Colorimetry -- methods KW - Biotinylation -- veterinary KW - Rabbits KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques -- veterinary KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Colorimetry -- veterinary KW - Inflammation -- veterinary KW - Chickens KW - Conalbumin -- blood KW - Inflammation -- chemically induced KW - Inflammation -- blood KW - Poultry Diseases -- immunology KW - Inflammation -- immunology KW - Poultry Diseases -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71569302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Changes+in+serum+ovotransferrin+levels+in+chickens+with+experimentally+induced+inflammation+and+diseases.&rft.au=Xie%2C+H%3BNewberry%2C+L%3BClark%2C+F+D%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BHuff%2C+G+R%3BBalog%2C+J+M%3BRath%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Xie&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent advances in analytical methodology for cyclopiazonic acid. AN - 71560325; 11922080 AB - Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is a toxic indole tetramic acid that has been isolated from numerous species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It has been found as a natural contaminant of cheese, corn, peanuts and various feedstuffs. Historically, thin-layer chromatography has been the most widely used method for quantitative determination of CPA in fungal cultures and agricultural commodities. Several liquid chromatographic (LC) and spectrophotometric methods have also been used, but these require extensive, time-consuming cleanup procedures to achieve accurate quantitation. More recently, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have been developed for quantification of CPA, and an immunoaffinity column (IAC) has been developed for cleanup of sample extracts prior to quantification by ELISA or LC. In applying the IAC to the cleanup of peanut extracts, recovery of CPA from spiked samples ranged from 83.7% to 90.8%, and the method was successfully applied to the analysis of peanuts that were naturally contaminated with CPA. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Dorner, Joe W AD - USDA, ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson, GA 31742, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 107 EP - 116 VL - 504 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Indoles KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - cyclopiazonic acid KW - X9TLY4580Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Colorimetry KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Immunochemistry KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Indoles -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71560325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Recent+advances+in+analytical+methodology+for+cyclopiazonic+acid.&rft.au=Dorner%2C+Joe+W&rft.aulast=Dorner&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=504&rft.issue=&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel assays and sensor platforms for the detection of aflatoxins. AN - 71559528; 11922101 AB - The importance of the aflatoxins from food safety and economic standpoints has continued to drive the development of new analytical methods for these mycotoxins. Currently the widely used methods for measurement of aflatoxins fall into two groups, the established chromatographic methods and traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Recently substantial progress has been made in the application of new technologies to the monitoring of aflatoxins. In particular, several research groups have developed biosensors for detection ofthe toxins as well as presumptive tests for fungal infection. Biosensors have been developed in a variety of formats including surface plasmon resonance, fiber optic probes, and microbead-based assays. The sensitivity and selectivity of the biosensors and of the presumptive tests has reached the level the where the application of these techniques to the screening of foods warrants further investigation. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Maragos, Chris M AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 85 EP - 93 VL - 504 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrophotometry, Infrared KW - Biosensing Techniques KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71559528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Novel+assays+and+sensor+platforms+for+the+detection+of+aflatoxins.&rft.au=Maragos%2C+Chris+M&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=504&rft.issue=&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molybdenum metabolism and requirements in humans. AN - 71553855; 11913142 JF - Metal ions in biological systems AU - Turnlund, Judith R AD - USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 727 EP - 739 VL - 39 SN - 0161-5149, 0161-5149 KW - Molybdenum KW - 81AH48963U KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Diet KW - Biological Availability KW - Molybdenum -- adverse effects KW - Molybdenum -- administration & dosage KW - Molybdenum -- pharmacokinetics KW - Molybdenum -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71553855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metal+ions+in+biological+systems&rft.atitle=Molybdenum+metabolism+and+requirements+in+humans.&rft.au=Turnlund%2C+Judith+R&rft.aulast=Turnlund&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=727&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Metal+ions+in+biological+systems&rft.issn=01615149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-18 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of ovotransferrin as an acute phase protein in chickens. AN - 71515124; 11885890 AB - Inflammation is homeostatic process associated with a variety of cellular injuries resulting from infections, toxicosis, and physical trauma. The studies on inflammation in avian species are limited. To understand the inflammation-induced changes, 4-wk-old male broiler chickens were subjected to experimental inflammation by a subcutaneous injection of croton oil (inflammatory) with changes in serum measured over time and were compared with birds treated similarly with olive oil (injected control). Croton oil treatment significantly elevated serum interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations and heterophil counts by 6 and 16 h postinjection, respectively, which returned to the basal levels of controls at 16 and 24 h, respectively. Croton oil treatment affected the serum protein profiles of chickens as assessed by SDS-PAGE and densitometric analyses. Compared with olive oil-injected or noninjected chicken sera, there were increases in the density of protein bands corresponding to molecular weights (MW) of 42, 65, 200, and 219 kDa and decreases in bands corresponding to 49 kDa (serum albumin) and a 56-kDa protein in chickens treated with croton oil. Most of these changes were evident at 24 h and lasted through 48 h. The protein band corresponding to 65 kDa was further characterized using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and N-terminal sequence analyses. A sequence similarity search in the Genbank database using the first 22 amino acids yielded a complete homology with chicken ovotransferrin. Western blot analysis using antichicken serum transferrin or antichicken ovotransferrin antibodies also confirmed the 65-kDa protein band to be ovotransferrin. Under nonreducing conditions, the ovotransferrin standard also showed an apparent MW corresponding to 65 kDa, like the serum transferrin. The serum ovotransferrin was found to be glycosylated using a glycoprotein stain. Although the significance of ovotransferrin in avian inflammation is not clear, these results show that it is a major acute phase protein (APP) in chickens. JF - Poultry science AU - Xie, H AU - Huff, G R AU - Huff, W E AU - Balog, J M AU - Holt, P AU - Rath, N C AD - USDA-ARS-Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA. Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 112 EP - 120 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Acute-Phase Proteins KW - 0 KW - Blood Proteins KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Irritants KW - Olive Oil KW - Plant Oils KW - Conalbumin KW - 1391-06-6 KW - Croton Oil KW - 8001-28-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Croton Oil -- toxicity KW - Inflammation -- blood KW - Inflammation -- chemically induced KW - Sequence Homology KW - Molecular Weight KW - Blood Proteins -- analysis KW - Interleukin-6 -- blood KW - Blotting, Western KW - Immunity, Cellular KW - Plant Oils -- pharmacology KW - Densitometry -- veterinary KW - Irritants -- toxicity KW - Inflammation -- immunology KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel -- veterinary KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Conalbumin -- immunology KW - Conalbumin -- chemistry KW - Acute-Phase Proteins -- chemistry KW - Chickens -- immunology KW - Chickens -- blood KW - Acute-Phase Proteins -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71515124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Identification+of+ovotransferrin+as+an+acute+phase+protein+in+chickens.&rft.au=Xie%2C+H%3BHuff%2C+G+R%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BBalog%2C+J+M%3BHolt%2C+P%3BRath%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Xie&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbiological consequences of skin removal prior to evisceration of broiler carcasses. AN - 71507397; 11885893 AB - The objective of this project was to determine if removal of skin prior to evisceration lowers the number of bacteria that can be recovered by whole carcass rinse or sponge sampling. Four experiments were conducted, two with each type of sampling (rinse or sponge). New York dressed carcasses obtained from a commercial broiler processing plant were aseptically skinned or left with skin intact. The carcasses were then aseptically eviscerated by hand. Carcasses were rinsed in 100 mL sterile water or sampled by moist sponge. When sampled by rinse, significantly fewer Campylobacter and total aerobic bacteria were recovered from carcasses that had been skinned prior to evisceration. When sampled by sponge, significantly fewer Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, coliform and total aerobic bacteria were recovered from the outer surface of carcasses without skin. No differences were noted for bacterial counts recovered from internal surfaces by sponge sampling. Similar trends were observed when carcasses were subjected to an inside and outside washing step after evisceration. Removal of skin and washing the carcass led to significantly less Campylobacter being recovered by whole carcass rinse compared to carcasses that were washed with the skin on. When sampled by sponge, incidence of Campylobacter and level of total aerobic bacterial counts were lower on the outer surface of skinned and washed carcasses than on washed carcasses with intact skin. Like the unwashed carcasses, no differences were noted for bacterial counts recovered from internal surfaces by sponge sampling. Although not commercially practical, it is possible to lower the level of Campylobacter on the outside of broiler carcasses by removal of the skin prior to evisceration. JF - Poultry science AU - Berrang, M E AU - Buhr, R J AU - Cason, J A AU - Dickens, J A AD - Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 134 EP - 138 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Food Microbiology KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- isolation & purification KW - Hygiene KW - Skin -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71507397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Microbiological+consequences+of+skin+removal+prior+to+evisceration+of+broiler+carcasses.&rft.au=Berrang%2C+M+E%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BCason%2C+J+A%3BDickens%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Berrang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in numbers of bacteria on paired chicken carcass halves. AN - 71507345; 11885892 AB - Bacterial counts from paired broiler carcass halves were examined for relationships between numbers and kinds of bacteria that might indicate fecal contamination. Broiler carcasses removed from a commercial processing plant just before chilling were split aseptically along the midline, and each side was rinsed in 400 mL of phosphate buffered saline for 1 min with either mechanical or hand shaking. Both halves of six carcasses were rinsed on four different days for a total of 24 carcasses sampled with each shaking method. Aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni were enumerated and summed to obtain whole carcass counts. There were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in numbers of bacteria recovered by the two rinse methods. In left-right comparisons, only E. coli was significantly different (P = 0.04), with the right side having higher counts (least-square means of 1.09 vs. 0.97). For aerobic plate count (APC), coliforms, E. coli, and Campylobacter, correlations between paired left and right side counts were between 0.78 and 0.86. The correlation between whole carcass counts and absolute left-right differences was significant for APC (0.43), but was not significant for coliforms, E. coli, and Campylobacter, so higher whole carcass counts were not associated with higher counts on one side of the carcass. Correlations between different bacteria on whole carcasses were significant for E. coli-APC (0.39), E. coli-coliforms (0.67), and APC-coliforms (0.71), but other combinations had non-significant correlations. The correlation was not significant between E. coli and Campylobacter, a relatively fragile organism whose presence can be interpreted to indicate fairly recent fecal contamination. There were no indications that high E. coli counts on inspection-passed, prechill carcasses indicated recent fecal contamination. JF - Poultry science AU - Cason, J A AU - Berrang, M E AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. jcason@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 126 EP - 133 VL - 81 IS - 1 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Random Allocation KW - Food Contamination KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- veterinary KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- isolation & purification KW - Hygiene KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification KW - Food Microbiology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Meat -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71507345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Variation+in+numbers+of+bacteria+on+paired+chicken+carcass+halves.&rft.au=Cason%2C+J+A%3BBerrang%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Cason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2002-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of a formulation of the insecticide indoxacarb to the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), and the big-eyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). AN - 71487722; 11838290 AB - Indoxacarb is a new oxadiazine insecticide that has shown outstanding field insecticidal activity. The toxicity of a 145 g litre-1 indoxacarb SC formulation (Steward) was studied on the tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris and the big-eyed bug Geocoris punctipes. Both insect species responded very similarly to indoxacarb in topical, tarsal contact and plant feeding toxicity studies. The topical LD50 of the formulation was c 35 ng AI per insect for both species. Prolonged tarsal contact with dry indoxacarb residues did not result in mortality for either insect species. However, both species were susceptible to feeding through dried residues of indoxacarb after spraying on young cotton plants. Feeding on water-washed plants resulted in lower mortality than that observed with unwashed plants, and toxicity declined even more dramatically after a, detergent rinse, indicating that much of the indoxacarb probably resides on the cotton leaf surface or in the waxy cuticle. These results were corroborated by HPLC-mass spectrometry measurements of indoxacarb residues on the plants. Greater mortality for both species was observed in a higher relative humidity environment. Higher levels of accumulated indoxacarb and its active metabolite were detected in dead G punctipes than in L lineolaris after feeding on sprayed, unwashed plants. When female G punctipes ate indoxacarb-treated Heliothis zea eggs, there was significant toxicity. However, only c 15% of the females consumed indoxacarb-treated eggs, and the rest of the females showed a significant diminution of feeding in response to the insecticide. Cotton field studies have shown that indoxacarb treatments at labelled rates lead to a dramatic decline in L lineolaris, with negligible declines in beneficial populations. A major route of intoxication of L lineolaris in indoxacarb-treated cotton fields thus appears to be via oral, and not cuticular, uptake of residues from treated cotton plants. The mechanisms for selectivity/safety for G punctipes are currently under investigation and may be a combination of differential feeding behavior and diminution of feeding by females exposed to indoxacarb-treated eggs. JF - Pest management science AU - Tillman, P Glynn AU - Hammes, Glenn G AU - Sacher, Matthew AU - Connair, Michael AU - Brady, E Angela AU - Wing, Keith D AD - USDA, ARS, Crop Protection and Management Research Laboratory, PO Box 748, Tifton, GA 31794, USA. pgt@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 92 EP - 100 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Detergents KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Oxazines KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - indoxacarb KW - 52H0D26MWR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Water -- pharmacology KW - Humidity KW - Detergents -- pharmacology KW - Ovum -- drug effects KW - Gossypium -- parasitology KW - Female KW - Feeding Methods KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Oxazines -- administration & dosage KW - Oxazines -- toxicity KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Hemiptera -- drug effects KW - Oxazines -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71487722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+a+formulation+of+the+insecticide+indoxacarb+to+the+tarnished+plant+bug%2C+Lygus+lineolaris+%28Hemiptera%3A+Miridae%29%2C+and+the+big-eyed+bug%2C+Geocoris+punctipes+%28Hemiptera%3A+Lygaeidae%29.&rft.au=Tillman%2C+P+Glynn%3BHammes%2C+Glenn+G%3BSacher%2C+Matthew%3BConnair%2C+Michael%3BBrady%2C+E+Angela%3BWing%2C+Keith+D&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest inventory and analysis: a national inventory and monitoring program. AN - 71467419; 11833910 AB - Forests provide significant commodity and noncommodity values to the citizens of the United States. An important and substantial role in ensuring the continued health, productivity, and sustainability of these resources is a reliable and credible inventory and monitoring program. The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the US Forest Service has been monitoring and reporting on status, condition, and trends in the nation's forests for over 70 years and the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) program for the last 11 years. Recent legislation included in the 1998 Farm Bill, along with efforts to integrate inventory and monitoring networks to deliver Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forests, are redefining the role and operation of the recently integrated FIA and FHM programs. This paper provides a brief history and a look at new directions for the enhanced FIA Program. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Smith, W Brad AD - USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC 20090-6090, USA. bsmith12@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - S233 EP - S242 VL - 116 Suppl 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reference Values KW - Data Collection KW - Public Policy KW - Trees KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data KW - Conservation of Natural Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71467419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Forest+inventory+and+analysis%3A+a+national+inventory+and+monitoring+program.&rft.au=Smith%2C+W+Brad&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling above-canopy CO2 flux and evapotranspiration in wheat. AN - 71442781; 11833916 AB - Simulations of above-canopy water vapor and CO2 fluxes were calculated by the USGF linked model of canopy gas exchange and subsurface processes for the 1996-1997 winter wheat season at the AmeriFlux Wheat Site, Oklahoma. Soil surface CO2 flux plus canopy gas exchange and transpiration plus soil evaporation modeled the CO2 and water vapor fluxes, respectively. Parameter values for net photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration were obtained from published sources, generated from Wheat Site data, or estimated by minimizing standard deviation between model and data. The mean measured downward flux of CO2 during rapid growth and maturity of the crop was -0.45 mg m(-2) s(-1) compared to simulated flux of -0.47. Simulated downward CO2 flux exceeded measured values during rapid growth of the crop but underestimated the flux during maturity. For the entire 285-day period, the mean measured upward CO2 flux at night was 0.06 and simulated flux was 0.05. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Vaughan, Peter J AU - Suarez, Donald L AD - George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507, USA. pvaughan@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - S37 EP - S44 VL - 116 Suppl 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Plant Leaves KW - Seasons KW - Volatilization KW - Carbon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Triticum -- physiology KW - Carbon Dioxide -- chemistry KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71442781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Modeling+above-canopy+CO2+flux+and+evapotranspiration+in+wheat.&rft.au=Vaughan%2C+Peter+J%3BSuarez%2C+Donald+L&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural uranium and thorium distributions in podzolized soils and native blueberry. AN - 71442119; 11837419 AB - Plant uptake of radionuclides is one of many vectors for introduction of contaminants into the human food chain. Thus, it is critical to understand soil-plant relationships that control nuclide bioavailability. Our objectives in this study were to (i) determine the extent of U and Th uptake and cycling by blueberry (Vaccinium pallidum Aiton) in native habitat and (ii) identify the soil properties and processes that contribute most to U and Th bioavailability in this system. We collected composite samples of plant leaves and stems, and samples from surface (AE) horizons and from the upper part of the Bs horizon at two sites. Concentration ratios (CRs) for U and Th were calculated for all plant tissues, using both the AE and Bs horizons as the base. Soil concentrations of U ranged from 16 to 25 microg g(-1), with a mean of 21.1 microg g(-1). Soil concentrations of Th ranged from 14 to 97 microg g(-1), with a mean of 41.8 microg g(-1). Mean U concentrations were 8.65 x 10(-3) microg g(-1) in leaf tissue, and 7.95 x 10(-3) microg g(-1) in stem tissue. Mean Th concentrations were 1.59 x 10(-1) microg g(-1) in leaf tissue, and 9.10 x 10(-2) microg g(-1) in stem tissue. Blueberry plants are cycling both U and Th in this system, with Th cycling occurring to a greater extent than U. In addition, Th was translocated preferentially to plant leaves while U concentrations showed little preferential translocation. Uranium uptake, however, seemed more sensitive than Th uptake to soil properties. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Morton, L S AU - Evans, C V AU - Estes, G O AD - USDA/NRCS, Durham, NH 03824-2043, USA. PY - 2002 SP - 155 EP - 162 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Soil KW - 0 KW - Uranium KW - 4OC371KSTK KW - Thorium KW - 60YU5MIG9W KW - Index Medicus KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Biological Availability KW - Thorium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Food Contamination KW - Thorium -- analysis KW - Uranium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Uranium -- analysis KW - Blueberry Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71442119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Natural+uranium+and+thorium+distributions+in+podzolized+soils+and+native+blueberry.&rft.au=Morton%2C+L+S%3BEvans%2C+C+V%3BEstes%2C+G+O&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating down deadwood from FIA forest inventory variables in Maine. AN - 71441575; 11833911 AB - Down deadwood (DDW) is a carbon component important in the function and structure of forest ecosystems, but estimating DDW is problematic because these data are not widely available in forest inventory databases. However, DDW data were collected on USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots during Maine's 1995 inventory. This study examines ways to predict DDW biomass from other FIA variables so that DDW could be estimated without tedious measurement. Our results include a regression model that predicts DDW as a function of stand size class, basal area of dead and cut trees, and dummy variables for forest type and forest industry ownership. We also found DDW similar to FIA's standing-tree mortality at a statewide scale. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Chojnacky, David C AU - Heath, Linda S AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory Research Enterprise Unit, Washington, DC 20090-6090, USA. dchojnacky@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - S25 EP - S30 VL - 116 Suppl 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Mortality KW - Wood KW - Forecasting KW - Data Collection KW - Maine KW - Biomass KW - Trees KW - Carbon -- metabolism KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Forestry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71441575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Estimating+down+deadwood+from+FIA+forest+inventory+variables+in+Maine.&rft.au=Chojnacky%2C+David+C%3BHeath%2C+Linda+S&rft.aulast=Chojnacky&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An apparatus for measuring the gas permeability of films. AN - 71440578; 11837441 AB - The gas permeability of plastic films is important in packaging, containment, and agricultural fumigation. Recently, an approach for estimating the mass transfer coefficient of vapors across a film was presented by Papiernik et al. (2001). The mass transfer coefficient is an intrinsic property of a film-chemical combination, independent of the concentration gradient maintained across the film. Here we describe an apparatus useful for obtaining permeability data; the model of Papiernik et al. (2001) may be fitted to the data to determine mass transfer coefficients. The assembled equipment provides a sealed permeability cell, where a sample of the film to be tested is sandwiched between two static half-cells. Vapor is spiked to one side of the film and the concentrations in the spiked and receiving chamber are monitored until equilibrium. A sealed system is required for this approach; the permeability cells described here were gas-tight for >40 d. This approach produces reproducible measures of mass transfer coefficients that are not dependent on the size of the experimental apparatus. Model parameters were similar when fitted simultaneously as when determined independently from the same data set. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Ernst, F F AU - Yates, S R AD - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA. spapiernik@ussl.ars.usda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 358 EP - 361 VL - 31 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Gases KW - 0 KW - Plastics KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Permeability KW - Equipment Design KW - Volatilization KW - Gases -- chemistry KW - Plastics -- chemistry KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71440578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=An+apparatus+for+measuring+the+gas+permeability+of+films.&rft.au=Papiernik%2C+S+K%3BErnst%2C+F+F%3BYates%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Papiernik&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=358&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conditioning taste aversions to locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) in horses. AN - 71440336; 11831531 AB - Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) is a serious poisoning problem for horses grazing on infested rangelands in the western United States. Our objectives were to determine 1) whether lithium chloride or apomorphine would condition aversions to palatable foods, and at what doses, and 2) whether horses could be averted to fresh locoweed in a pen and grazing situation. Apomorphine was not an acceptable aversive agent because at the dose required to condition an aversion (> or = 0.17 mg/kg BW), apomorphine induced unacceptable behavioral effects. Lithium chloride given via stomach tube at 190 mg/kg BW conditioned strong and persistent aversions to palatable feeds with minor signs of distress. Pen and grazing tests were conducted in Colorado to determine if horses could be averted to fresh locoweed. Pen tests indicated that most horses (5/6) were completely averted from locoweed. Treated horses ate 34 g of fresh locoweed compared to 135 g for controls (P < 0.01) during three pen tests when offered 150 g per test. One horse (T) in the treatment group ate locoweed each time it was offered in the pen, but ate no locoweed while grazing. In the grazing trial, control horses averaged 8.6% of bites of locoweed (P < 0.01) during the grazing portion of the study, whereas treated horses averaged <0.5%. One treated horse (S) accounted for all consumption; he consumed 15% of his bites as locoweed in a grazing bout on d 2 of the field study. Thereafter, he was dosed a second time with lithium chloride and ate no locoweed in the subsequent 5 d. Three of six horses required two pairings of lithium chloride with fresh locoweed to condition a complete aversion. The results of this study indicate that horses can be averted from locoweed using lithium chloride as an aversive agent, and this may provide a management tool to reduce the risk of intoxication for horses grazing locoweed-infested rangeland. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Pfister, J A AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Cheney, C D AU - Ralphs, M H AU - Gardner, D R AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA. jpfister@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 79 EP - 83 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Lithium Chloride KW - G4962QA067 KW - Apomorphine KW - N21FAR7B4S KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Preferences KW - Conditioning (Psychology) KW - Random Allocation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Aversive Therapy KW - Apomorphine -- pharmacology KW - Housing, Animal KW - Plant Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Horse Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Lithium Chloride -- pharmacology KW - Plant Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Taste -- physiology KW - Feeding Behavior -- physiology KW - Horses -- physiology KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Horses -- psychology KW - Astragalus Plant -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71440336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Conditioning+taste+aversions+to+locoweed+%28Oxytropis+sericea%29+in+horses.&rft.au=Pfister%2C+J+A%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BCheney%2C+C+D%3BRalphs%2C+M+H%3BGardner%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Pfister&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The potential of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for the determination of carbon inventories in soils. AN - 71437604; 11833914 AB - Investigations have shown that near- and mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy can accurately determine organic-C in soil. Efforts have also demonstrated that both can differentiate between organic and inorganic-C in soils, but the mid-infrared produces more accurate calibrations. Nevertheless, the greatest benefit would come with in situ determinations where factors such as particle size, sample heterogeneity and moisture can be important. While the variations in large (> 20 mesh) particle size can adversely effect calibration accuracy, efforts have demonstrated that the scanning of larger amounts of sample can overcome this, but the effects of moisture have not been fully explored. While under in situ conditions C distribution and sample heterogeneity are a problem for any analytical method, the rapid analysis possible with spectroscopic techniques will allow many more samples to be analyzed. In conclusion, near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy have great potential for providing the C values needed for C sequestration studies. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Reeves, J AU - McCarty, G AU - Mimmo, T AD - Animal manure and Byproducts Laboratory, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. jreeves@lpsi.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - S277 EP - S284 VL - 116 Suppl 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Soil KW - 0 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reference Values KW - Particle Size KW - Calibration KW - Time Factors KW - Spectrum Analysis -- methods KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71437604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=The+potential+of+diffuse+reflectance+spectroscopy+for+the+determination+of+carbon+inventories+in+soils.&rft.au=Reeves%2C+J%3BMcCarty%2C+G%3BMimmo%2C+T&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil carbon dynamics and potential carbon sequestration by rangelands. AN - 71428838; 11822717 AB - The USA has about 336 Mha of grazing lands of which rangelands account for 48%. Changes in rangeland soil C can occur in response to a wide range of management and environmental factors. Grazing, fire, and fertilization have been shown to affect soil C storage in rangelands, as has converting marginal croplands into grasslands. Carbon losses due to soil erosion can influence soil C storage on rangelands both by reducing soil productivity in source areas and potentially increasing it in depositional areas, and by redistributing the C to areas where soil organic matter mineralization rates are different. Proper grazing management has been estimated to increase soil C storage on US rangelands from 0.1 to 0.3 Mg C ha(-1)year(-1) and new grasslands have been shown to store as much as 0.6 Mg C ha(-1)year(-1). Grazing lands are estimated to contain 10-30% of the world's soil organic carbon. Given the size of the C pool in grazing lands we need to better understand the current and potential effects of management on soil C storage. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Schuma, G E AU - Janzen, H H AU - Herrick, J E AD - USDA, ARS, High Plains Grasslands Research Station, Cheyenne, WY 82009, USA. gschuman@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 391 EP - 396 VL - 116 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Agriculture KW - Fires KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Carbon -- metabolism KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Poaceae -- physiology KW - Carbon -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71428838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Soil+carbon+dynamics+and+potential+carbon+sequestration+by+rangelands.&rft.au=Schuma%2C+G+E%3BJanzen%2C+H+H%3BHerrick%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Schuma&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial heterogeneity of aggregate stability and soil carbon in semi-arid rangeland. AN - 71427349; 11822724 AB - To measure and manage for C sequestration in heterogeneous rangeland systems, we need to more fully understand spatial patterns of soil resources. Spatial distributions of aggregate stability and soil carbon were investigated in a semiarid rangeland in New Mexico, USA. Soil was analyzed from plant interspaces, black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr.) Torr.), and mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) in a landscape-replicated study. Aggregate stability at the 250 microm scale, carbonate C, organic C and N, C:N ratio, and glomalin, were all highest under mesquite. Soil C:N ratio was the best predictor of aggregate stability. Estimates of metric tons of C per hectare in the top 10 cm were highly variable at patch and landscape scales, varying from 4.2 to 10.5 under mesquite and from 3.0 to 7.0 in interspaces. High variability of aggregate stability and soil C has important implications for C sequestration. We argue that this multi-scale soil heterogeneity must be considered when measuring and managing for C sequestration. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Bird, S B AU - Herrick, J E AU - Wander, M M AU - Wright, S F AD - USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003-8003, USA. jherrick@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 445 EP - 455 VL - 116 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Poaceae KW - Fabaceae KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Carbon -- chemistry KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71427349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Spatial+heterogeneity+of+aggregate+stability+and+soil+carbon+in+semi-arid+rangeland.&rft.au=Bird%2C+S+B%3BHerrick%2C+J+E%3BWander%2C+M+M%3BWright%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. AN - 71426429; 11822716 AB - Based on field data from 10 USA cities and national urban tree cover data, it is estimated that urban trees in the coterminous USA currently store 700 million tonnes of carbon ($14,300 million value) with a gross carbon sequestration rate of 22.8 million tC/yr ($460 million/year). Carbon storage within cities ranges from 1.2 million tC in New York, NY, to 19,300 tC in Jersey City, NJ. Regions with the greatest proportion of urban land are the Northeast (8.5%) and the southeast (7.1%). Urban forests in the north central, northeast, south central and southeast regions of the USA store and sequester the most carbon, with average carbon storage per hectare greatest in southeast, north central, northeast and Pacific northwest regions, respectively. The national average urban forest carbon storage density is 25.1 tC/ha, compared with 53.5 tC/ha in forest stands. These data can be used to help assess the actual and potential role of urban forests in reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide, a dominant greenhouse gas. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Nowak, David J AU - Crane, Daniel E AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. dnowak@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 381 EP - 389 VL - 116 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Cities KW - Greenhouse Effect KW - Trees -- physiology KW - Carbon -- metabolism KW - Carbon -- pharmacokinetics KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71426429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Carbon+storage+and+sequestration+by+urban+trees+in+the+USA.&rft.au=Nowak%2C+David+J%3BCrane%2C+Daniel+E&rft.aulast=Nowak&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon dioxide fluxes over a grazed prairie and seeded pasture in the Northern Great Plains. AN - 71422911; 11822718 AB - Temperate grasslands are vast terrestrial ecosystems that may be an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle; however, annual C flux data for these grasslands are limited. The Bowen ratio/energy balance (BREB) technique was used to measure CO2 fluxes over a grazed mixed-grass prairie and a seeded western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rybd) Löve] site at Mandan, ND from 24 April to 26 October in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Above-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) were measured about every 21 days throughout the season. Root biomass and soil organic C and N content were determined to 110 cm depth in selected increments about mid-July each year. Peak above-ground biomass and LAI coincided with peak fluxes and occurred between mid-July to early August. Biomass averaged 1227 and 1726 kg ha(-1) and LAI 0.44 and 0.59, for prairie and western wheatgrass, respectively. Average CO2 flux for the growing season was 279 g CO2 m(-2) for prairie and 218 g CO2 m(-2) for western wheatgrass (positive flux is CO2 uptake and negative flux is CO2 loss to the atmosphere). Using prior measured dormant season CO2 fluxes from the prairie sites gave annual flux estimates that ranged from -131 to 128 g CO2 m(-2) for western wheatgrass and from -70 to 189 g CO2 m(-2) for the prairie. This wide range in calculated annual fluxes suggests that additional research is required concerning dormant season flux measurements to obtain accurate estimates of annual CO2 fluxes. These results suggest Northern Great Plains mixed-grass prairie grasslands can either be a sink or a source for atmospheric CO2 or near equilibrium, depending on the magnitude of the dormant season flux. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Frank, A B AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Mandan, ND 58554, USA. franka@mandan.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 397 EP - 403 VL - 116 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - 142M471B3J KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Animal Feed KW - Seasons KW - Biomass KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Carbon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Greenhouse Effect KW - Poaceae KW - Carbon Dioxide -- chemistry KW - Carbon Dioxide -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71422911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Carbon+dioxide+fluxes+over+a+grazed+prairie+and+seeded+pasture+in+the+Northern+Great+Plains.&rft.au=Frank%2C+A+B&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methodology for estimating soil carbon for the forest carbon budget model of the United States, 2001. AN - 71422899; 11822715 AB - The largest carbon (C) pool in United States forests is the soil C pool. We present methodology and soil C pool estimates used in the FORCARB model, which estimates and projects forest carbon budgets for the United States. The methodology balances knowledge, uncertainties, and ease of use. The estimates are calculated using the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service STATSGO database, with soil dynamics following assumptions based on results of site-specific studies, and area estimates from the USDA Forest Service. Forest Inventory and Analysis data and national-level land cover data sets. Harvesting is assumed to have no effect on soil C. Land use change and forest type transitions affect soil C. We apply the methodology to the southeastern region of the United States as a case study. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Heath, L S AU - Birdsey, R A AU - Williams, D W AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Durham, NH 03824, USA. lheath@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 373 EP - 380 VL - 116 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Greenhouse Effect KW - Forestry KW - Trees KW - Carbon -- metabolism KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71422899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Methodology+for+estimating+soil+carbon+for+the+forest+carbon+budget+model+of+the+United+States%2C+2001.&rft.au=Heath%2C+L+S%3BBirdsey%2C+R+A%3BWilliams%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of livestock grazing on C sequestration in semi-arid mixed-grass and short-grass rangelands. AN - 71422842; 11822725 AB - We evaluated the effects of livestock grazing on C content of the plant-soil system (to 60 cm) of two semi-arid grasslands: a mixed-grass prairie (grazed 12 years), and a short-grass steppe (grazed 56 years). Grazing treatments included season-long grazing at heavy and light stocking rates, and non-grazed exclosures. Significantly higher soil C (0-30cm) was measured in grazed pastures compared to non-grazed exclosures, although for the short-grass steppe higher soil C was observed with the heavy grazing treatment only. Excluding grazing caused an immobilization of C in excessive aboveground plant litter, and an increase in annual forbs and grasses which lack dense fibrous rooting systems conducive to soil organic matter formation and accumulation. Our data indicate that higher soil C with grazing was in part the result of more rapid annual shoot turnover, and redistribution of C within the plant-soil system as a result of changes in plant species composition. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Reeder, J D AU - Schuman, G E AD - USDA-ARS, Crops Research Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA. jdreeder@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 457 EP - 463 VL - 116 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Soil KW - 0 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Plant Leaves KW - Poaceae -- chemistry KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Carbon -- metabolism KW - Carbon -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71422842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Influence+of+livestock+grazing+on+C+sequestration+in+semi-arid+mixed-grass+and+short-grass+rangelands.&rft.au=Reeder%2C+J+D%3BSchuman%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Reeder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of soil movement on carbon sequestration in agricultural ecosystems. AN - 71420241; 11822721 AB - Recent modeling studies indicate that soil erosion and terrestrial sedimentation may establish ecosystem disequilibria that promote carbon (C) sequestration within the biosphere. Movement of upland eroded soil into wetland systems with high net primary productivity may represent the greatest increase in storage capacity potential for C sequestration. The capacity of wetland systems to capture sediments and build up areas of deposition has been documented as well as the ability of these ecosystems to store substantial amounts of C. The purpose of our work was to assess rates of sediment deposition and C storage in a wetland site adjacent to a small first-order stream that drains an agricultural area. The soils of the wetland site consist of a histosol buried by sediments from the agricultural area. Samples of deposited sediments in the riparian zone were collected in 5 cm increments and the concentration of 137Cs was used to determine the 1964 and 1954 deposition layers. Agricultural activity in the watershed has caused increased sediment deposition to the wetland. The recent upland sediment is highly enriched in organic matter indicating that large amounts of organic C have been sequestered within this zone of sediment deposition. Rates of sequestration are much higher than rates that have occurred over the pre-modern history of the wetland. These data indicate the increased sedimentation rates in the wetland ecosystem are associated with increased C sequestration rates. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - McCarty, G W AU - Ritchie, J C AD - Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, BARC-West, MD 20705, USA. mccartyg@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 423 EP - 430 VL - 116 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - 0 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Greenhouse Effect KW - Plants KW - Ecosystem KW - Agriculture KW - Geologic Sediments -- chemistry KW - Carbon -- metabolism KW - Carbon -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71420241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Impact+of+soil+movement+on+carbon+sequestration+in+agricultural+ecosystems.&rft.au=McCarty%2C+G+W%3BRitchie%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=McCarty&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of ozone and other air pollutants in forests of the Carpathian Mountains in central Europe. AN - 71418760; 11808553 AB - Ozone (O3) concentrations were monitored during the 1997-1999 growing seasons in 32 forest sites of the Carpathian Mountains. At all sites (elevation between 450 and 1320 m) concentrations of O3, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were measured with passive samplers. In addition, in two western Carpathian locations, Vychodna and Gubalówka, ozone was continuously monitored with ultraviolet (UV) absorption monitors. Highest average hourly O3 concentrations in the Vychodna and Gubałówka sites reached 160 and 200 microg/m3 (82 and 102 ppb), respectively (except for the AOT40 values, ozone concentrations are presented as microg/m3; and at 25 degrees C and 760 mm Hg, 1 microg O3/m3 = 0.51 ppb O3). These sites showed drastically different patterns of diurnal 03 distribution, one with clearly defined peaks in the afternoon and lowest values in the morning, the other with flat patterns during the entire 24-h period. On two elevational transects, no effect of elevation on O3 levels was seen on the first one, while on the other a significant increase of O3 levels with elevation occurred. Concentrations of O3 determined with passive samplers were significantly different between individual monitoring years, monitoring periods, and geographic location of the monitoring sites. Results of passive sampler monitoring showed that high O3 concentrations could be expected in many parts of the Carpathian range, especially in its western part, but also in the eastern and southern ranges. More than four-fold denser network of monitoring sites is required for reliable estimates of O3 distribution in forests over the entire Carpathian range (140 points). Potential phytotoxic effects of O3 on forest trees and understory vegetation are expected on almost the entire territory of the Carpathian Mountains. This assumption is based on estimates of the AOT40 indices for forest trees and natural vegetation. Concentrations of NO2 and SO2 in the entire Carpathian range were typical for this part of Europe and below the expected levels of phytotoxicity. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Godzik, B AU - Fraczek, W AU - Grodzińska, K AU - Krywult, M AU - Badea, O AU - Barancok, P AU - Blum, O AU - Cerny, M AU - Godzik, S AU - Mankovska, B AU - Manning, W AU - Moravcik, P AU - Musselman, R AU - Oszlanyi, J AU - Postelnicu, D AU - Szdźuj, J AU - Varsavova, M AU - Zota, M AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, USA. andrzej@deltanet.com Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 3 EP - 25 VL - 116 IS - 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Trees KW - Plants KW - Europe KW - Geography KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Ozone -- analysis KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71418760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+ozone+and+other+air+pollutants+in+forests+of+the+Carpathian+Mountains+in+central+Europe.&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BGodzik%2C+B%3BFraczek%2C+W%3BGrodzi%C5%84ska%2C+K%3BKrywult%2C+M%3BBadea%2C+O%3BBarancok%2C+P%3BBlum%2C+O%3BCerny%2C+M%3BGodzik%2C+S%3BMankovska%2C+B%3BManning%2C+W%3BMoravcik%2C+P%3BMusselman%2C+R%3BOszlanyi%2C+J%3BPostelnicu%2C+D%3BSzd%C5%BAuj%2C+J%3BVarsavova%2C+M%3BZota%2C+M&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tillage, crop rotation, and organic amendment effect on changes in soil organic matter. AN - 71418483; 11822719 AB - Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is controlled by the balance of added organic residues and microbial oxidation of both residues and native organic matter (OM) as moderated by management and tillage. The PC-based model CQESTR predicts decomposition of residues, organic amendments and soil OM, based on cropping practices. CQESTR uses RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) crop rotation and management practice, crop production, and operation databases. These data are supplemented with residue nitrogen and soil OM, bulk density, and layer thickness. CQESTR was calibrated with soil carbon data from 70-year-long experiments at the Research Center at Pendleton, OR. The calibrated model provides estimates with a 95% confidence interval of 0.33% OM. Validation at 11 independent sites resulted in a matching of observed with calculated OM with a 95% confidence interval of 0.55% OM. A 12th site, with a history of severe erosion, provided a poor match. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Rickman, R AU - Douglas, C AU - Albrecht, S AU - Berc, J AD - USDA ARS, Pendleton, OR 97801, USA. ronald.rickman@orst.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 405 EP - 411 VL - 116 IS - 3 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Soil KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Plants KW - Calibration KW - Agriculture KW - Carbon -- metabolism KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Carbon -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71418483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Tillage%2C+crop+rotation%2C+and+organic+amendment+effect+on+changes+in+soil+organic+matter.&rft.au=Rickman%2C+R%3BDouglas%2C+C%3BAlbrecht%2C+S%3BBerc%2C+J&rft.aulast=Rickman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 and one carbon metabolism. AN - 71406938; 11813080 AB - The vitamins folic acid, B12 and B6 and B2 are the source of coenzymes which participate in one carbon metabolism. In this metabolism, a carbon unit from serine or glycine is transferred to tetrahydrofolate (THF) to form methylene-THF. This is either used as such for the synthesis of thymidine, which is incorporated into DNA, oxidized to formyl-THF which is used for the synthesis of purines, which are building blocks of RNA and DNA, or it is reduced to methyl-THF which used to methylate homocysteine to form methionine, a reaction which is catalyzed by a B12-containing methyltransferase. Much of the methionine which is formed is converted to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a universal donor of methyl groups, including DNA, RNA, hormones, neurotransmitters, membrane lipids, proteins and others. Because of these functions, interest in recent years has been growing particularly in the area of aging and the possibility that certain diseases that afflict the aging population, loss of cognitive function, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer and others, may be in part explained by inadequate intake or inadequate status of these vitamins. Homocysteine, a product of methionine metabolism as well as a precursor of methionine synthesis, was shown recently to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke and thrombosis when its concentration in plasma is slightly elevated. There are now data which show association between elevated plasma homocysteine levels and loss of neurocognitive function and Alzheimer's disease. These associations could be due to a neurotoxic effect of homocysteine or to decreased availability of SAM which results in hypomethylation in the brain tissue. Hypomethylation is also thought to exacerbate depressive tendency in people, and for (colorectal) cancer DNA hypomethylation is thought to be the link between the observed relationship between inadequate folate status and cancer. There are many factors that contribute to the fact that the status of these vitamins in the elderly is inadequate. These factors are in part physiological such as the achlorhydria which affects vitamin B12 absorption and in part socioeconomic and habitual. We need more studies to confirm that these vitamins have important functions in the etiology of these diseases. We also need to establish if these diseases can be prevented or diminished by proper nutrition starting at a younger age. JF - The journal of nutrition, health & aging AU - Selhub, J AD - JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. jselhub@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 39 EP - 42 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1279-7707, 1279-7707 KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Vitamin B 6 KW - 8059-24-3 KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - One-Carbon Group Transferases KW - EC 2.1.- KW - Vitamin B 12 KW - P6YC3EG204 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Aging -- metabolism KW - Folic Acid -- metabolism KW - Vitamin B 6 -- metabolism KW - Carbon -- metabolism KW - Vitamin B 12 -- metabolism KW - One-Carbon Group Transferases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71406938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journal+of+nutrition%2C+health+%26+aging&rft.atitle=Folate%2C+vitamin+B12+and+vitamin+B6+and+one+carbon+metabolism.&rft.au=Selhub%2C+J&rft.aulast=Selhub&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journal+of+nutrition%2C+health+%26+aging&rft.issn=12797707&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-30 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treated wood in livestock facilities: relationships among residues of pentachlorophenol, dioxins, and furans in wood and beef. AN - 71390846; 11806459 AB - Wood and other environmental samples were collected from sites that produced beef with higher than average residues of dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF). Analyses of these samples for PCDD/Fs and pentachlorophenol (PCP) indicated that the high beef residues were associated with PCP-treated wood in the animal facilities. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs in wood as toxic equivalents ranged from 10 to 320,000 pg/g. These concentrations were closely related to the concentrations of PCP, indicating that analysis for PCP provides an economical method to identify wood with high concentrations of PCDD/Fs. Further evidence for the PCP-treated wood as the source of the beef residues is provided by the similarity of the congener profiles in beef from the sites and those profiles predicted from the profiles in wood. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Fries, G F AU - Feil, V J AU - Zaylskie, R G AU - Bialek, K M AU - Rice, C P AD - Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, ARS, USDA, MD 20705, USA. gffries@starpower.net Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 301 EP - 307 VL - 116 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Dioxins KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Soil Pollutants KW - dibenzofuran KW - 8U54U639VI KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Pest Control KW - Housing, Animal KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Meat KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analysis KW - Dioxins -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Wood KW - Benzofurans -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71390846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Treated+wood+in+livestock+facilities%3A+relationships+among+residues+of+pentachlorophenol%2C+dioxins%2C+and+furans+in+wood+and+beef.&rft.au=Fries%2C+G+F%3BFeil%2C+V+J%3BZaylskie%2C+R+G%3BBialek%2C+K+M%3BRice%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Fries&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-06-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow cytometric sperm sorting: effects of varying laser power on embryo development in swine. AN - 71359291; 11774379 AB - This study was conducted to determine fertilization rate and embryo development using the Beltsville Sperm Sexing Technology with two different laser power outputs, 25 and 125 milliwatts (mW). Freshly ejaculated boar semen was diluted; one aliquot was not stained or sorted (nonsort) and a second aliquot was stained with Hoechst 33342 and sorted as a complete population, not separated into X and Y populations (all-sort). Ovulation controlled gilts were surgically inseminated with 2 x 10(5) spermatozoa (44-46 hr after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) into the isthmus of each oviduct, one oviduct receiving nonsort and the other all-sort at 25 or 125 mW. A total of 426 embryos were flushed from oviducts at slaughter 43 hr after laparotomy and prepared for determination of fertilization and cleavage rates using confocal laser microscopy for analysis of actin cytoskeleton and chromatin configuration. The percentage of fertilized eggs and embryos was less for the 25 mW all-sort compared to nonsort or the 125 mW all-sort (77.9 vs. 96.3 and 96.2%, P 0.05) among treatments. However, the rate of embryo development was slower (P 0.05) from the nonsort or 25 mW all-sort. We conclude that the use of 125 mW laser power for sorting boar spermatozoa is advantageous to maintain high resolution separation and has no detrimental effect on embryo development compared to 25 mW. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Molecular reproduction and development AU - Guthrie, H D AU - Johnson, L A AU - Garrett, W M AU - Welch, G R AU - Dobrinsky, J R AD - Germplasm and Gamete Physiology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA. dave@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 87 EP - 92 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 1040-452X, 1040-452X KW - Index Medicus KW - Ovum -- physiology KW - Microscopy, Confocal KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- cytology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Male KW - Female KW - Spermatozoa -- physiology KW - Swine -- physiology KW - Spermatozoa -- cytology KW - Spermatozoa -- radiation effects KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- physiology KW - Spermatozoa -- classification KW - Swine -- embryology KW - Lasers -- adverse effects KW - Fertilization -- physiology KW - Flow Cytometry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71359291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+reproduction+and+development&rft.atitle=Flow+cytometric+sperm+sorting%3A+effects+of+varying+laser+power+on+embryo+development+in+swine.&rft.au=Guthrie%2C+H+D%3BJohnson%2C+L+A%3BGarrett%2C+W+M%3BWelch%2C+G+R%3BDobrinsky%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Guthrie&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+reproduction+and+development&rft.issn=1040452X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating Sampling Variance from the Current Population Survey: A Synthetic Design Approach to Correcting Standard Errors AN - 60655298; 200411956 AB - Answering essentially any question with sample data requires variance estimates, & these estimates depend critically on the sample design. The design information necessary to estimate variances for sample statistics from the US Current Population Survey (CPS) is not publicly released in order to protect respondent confidentiality. To circumvent this problem, the US Census Bureau provides a variance estimation methodology, but it is only valid for a few specific point estimates. This paper discusses shortcomings of the Census Bureau methodology & proposes an alternative, general approximation methodology that produces variance estimates for a significantly wider class of statistics, including regression analysis. The proposed approach is based on resorting the data & assigning subsequent observations to synthetic clusters in a manner that creates similarities with the actual CPS sample. The synthetic design approach successfully approximates a baseline for comparison in 34 of the 37 sample estimates considered. 3 Tables, 20 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Economic and Social Measurement AU - Jolliffe, Dean AD - US Dept Agriculture, Washington, DC Jolliffe@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2002///0, PY - 2002 DA - 0, 2002 SP - 239 EP - 261 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0747-9662, 0747-9662 KW - Variance (Statistics) KW - Methodology (Data Analysis) KW - Census KW - Sampling KW - Research Design KW - Methodological Problems KW - article KW - 9043: methodology and research technology; research methods and models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60655298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+and+Social+Measurement&rft.atitle=Estimating+Sampling+Variance+from+the+Current+Population+Survey%3A+A+Synthetic+Design+Approach+to+Correcting+Standard+Errors&rft.au=Jolliffe%2C+Dean&rft.aulast=Jolliffe&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+and+Social+Measurement&rft.issn=07479662&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JEMEEZ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sampling; Research Design; Census; Methodological Problems; Variance (Statistics); Methodology (Data Analysis) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two Cultures Revisited: New Widening Gaps AN - 60470066; 200400684 AB - Aristotle continues to be a highly cited author in cultural sciences (human & social sciences) & humanities. In the last two decades, his work attracted up to a hundred times more attention than the work of Konrad Lorenz or Edward 0. Wilson, who have attempted to synthesize new knowledge on behavior & society & proposed alternatives to traditional, intuitively appealing, explanations. Aristotle's interpretations of the world, which appear to be intuitive to the human mind, were abandoned in natural sciences upon introduction of the experimental method. Human intuition may have been appropriate in conditions under which it was originally selected: for life of small nonanonymous groups of hunters & gatherers in the savannah. Intuition confines human understanding to a simple reality circumscribed by a boundary that can be called Aristotle's barrier. The barrier may only be crossed by experimentation, which is largely missing in cultural sciences. Snow's concept of two cultures may be revisited to characterize a splitting of natural sciences vs cultural sciences. It may also be applied to a widening gulf between science & technoscience. Diverging of the two cultures may have far-reaching consequences for prospects of humankind's survival. 2 Tables, 1 Figure, 44 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - World Futures AU - Kovac, Ladislav AD - Center Cognitive Biology, Faculty Science, Comenius U, Mlynskadolina, Slovakia kovacl@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 1 EP - 11 VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0260-4027, 0260-4027 KW - Natural Sciences KW - Ancient Greek Philosophy KW - Social Sciences KW - Methodological Problems KW - article KW - 2233: sociology of knowledge; sociology of knowledge UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60470066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Futures&rft.atitle=Two+Cultures+Revisited%3A+New+Widening+Gaps&rft.au=Kovac%2C+Ladislav&rft.aulast=Kovac&rft.aufirst=Ladislav&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Futures&rft.issn=02604027&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - WOFUDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Social Sciences; Natural Sciences; Ancient Greek Philosophy; Methodological Problems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Whose Education Matters in the Determination of Household Income? Evidence from a Developing Country AN - 60456479; 200304186 AB - An empirical analysis of three current models for assessing the relationship between household education & household income in Ghana. Minimum, maximum, & average household schooling levels are considered insofar as they illuminate the weak-link, allocative, or worker effect that education has on household income. Total household income is broken down into farm & nonfarm incomes to determine the relation of education & income source. 6 Tables, 1 Appendix. K. Coddon JF - Economic Development and Cultural Change AU - Jolliffe, Dean AD - Economic Research Service, US Dept Agriculture Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 287 EP - 312 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0013-0079, 0013-0079 KW - Ghana KW - Rural Urban Differences KW - Farmers KW - Households KW - Educational Attainment KW - Income Distribution KW - article KW - 1432: sociology of education; sociology of education KW - 1019: social differentiation; social stratification/mobility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60456479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Development+and+Cultural+Change&rft.atitle=Whose+Education+Matters+in+the+Determination+of+Household+Income%3F+Evidence+from+a+Developing+Country&rft.au=Jolliffe%2C+Dean&rft.aulast=Jolliffe&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Economic+Development+and+Cultural+Change&rft.issn=00130079&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - EDCCAF N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Households; Educational Attainment; Ghana; Income Distribution; Farmers; Rural Urban Differences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isotopic and geomorphic evidence for Holocene climate, southwestern Kansas AN - 51914161; 2003-084792 JF - Quaternary International AU - Olson, Carolyn G AU - Porter, D A A2 - Catto, Norm R. Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 29 EP - 44 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 87 SN - 1040-6182, 1040-6182 KW - United States KW - soils KW - eolian features KW - lithostratigraphy KW - dunes KW - Quaternary KW - isotopes KW - clastic sediments KW - Stevens County Kansas KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - paleoclimatology KW - Holocene KW - stable isotopes KW - climate change KW - Morton County Kansas KW - Cenozoic KW - Kansas KW - carbon KW - sediments KW - loess KW - paleosols KW - sand sheets KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51914161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+International&rft.atitle=Isotopic+and+geomorphic+evidence+for+Holocene+climate%2C+southwestern+Kansas&rft.au=Olson%2C+Carolyn+G%3BPorter%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quaternary+International&rft.issn=10406182&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10406182 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - INQUA Commission meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 76 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - C-13/C-12; carbon; Cenozoic; clastic sediments; climate change; dunes; eolian features; Holocene; isotope ratios; isotopes; Kansas; lithostratigraphy; loess; Morton County Kansas; paleoclimatology; paleosols; Quaternary; sand sheets; sediments; soils; stable isotopes; Stevens County Kansas; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geology, soil mechanics, and their application to manure storage operations in Ohio AN - 51639235; 2006-012053 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Fisher, Henry H AU - Luce, Gary AU - Buchanan, Kelvin J Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 64 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 45 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - United States KW - soils KW - soil mechanics KW - laboratory studies KW - in situ KW - applications KW - animal waste KW - storage KW - Ohio KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51639235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Geology%2C+soil+mechanics%2C+and+their+application+to+manure+storage+operations+in+Ohio&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Henry+H%3BLuce%2C+Gary%3BBuchanan%2C+Kelvin+J&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AEG's 45th annual meeting and AIPG's 39th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - animal waste; applications; in situ; laboratory studies; Ohio; soil mechanics; soils; storage; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geologic investigations of agricultural waste storage facilities AN - 51637368; 2006-012135 JF - Annual Meeting - Association of Engineering Geologists AU - Moore, John S AU - Luce, Gary AU - Buchanan, Kelvin J Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 78 PB - Association of Engineering Geologists, [location varies] VL - 45 SN - 0375-572X, 0375-572X KW - waste management KW - animal waste KW - waste disposal KW - disposal barriers KW - storage KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51637368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.atitle=Geologic+investigations+of+agricultural+waste+storage+facilities&rft.au=Moore%2C+John+S%3BLuce%2C+Gary%3BBuchanan%2C+Kelvin+J&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+-+Association+of+Engineering+Geologists&rft.issn=0375572X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AEG's 45th annual meeting and AIPG's 39th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CAGPAV N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - animal waste; disposal barriers; storage; waste disposal; waste management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of enzymes with clays and applications in bioremediation AN - 51312741; 2008-002745 JF - Soil Science Society of America Book Series AU - Shen, Siyuan AU - Tu, Shu-I AU - Taylor, Robert W AU - Dixon, Joe B AU - Schulze, Darrell G Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 795 EP - 817 PB - Soil Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 7 SN - 1047-4986, 1047-4986 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - biodegradation KW - biomass KW - pollution KW - kaolinite KW - illite KW - adsorption KW - bioremediation KW - enzymes KW - remediation KW - clay minerals KW - organic compounds KW - catalysis KW - chemical reactions KW - sheet silicates KW - pesticides KW - proteins KW - kinetics KW - montmorillonite KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51312741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Book+Series&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+enzymes+with+clays+and+applications+in+bioremediation&rft.au=Shen%2C+Siyuan%3BTu%2C+Shu-I%3BTaylor%2C+Robert+W%3BDixon%2C+Joe+B%3BSchulze%2C+Darrell+G&rft.aulast=Shen&rft.aufirst=Siyuan&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=795&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Book+Series&rft.issn=10474986&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 80 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; biodegradation; biomass; bioremediation; catalysis; chemical reactions; clay minerals; enzymes; illite; kaolinite; kinetics; montmorillonite; organic compounds; pesticides; pollution; proteins; remediation; sheet silicates; silicates; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pyrophyllite-talc minerals AN - 51311787; 2008-002731 JF - Soil Science Society of America Book Series AU - Zelazny, Lucian W AU - Thomas, Pamela J AU - Lawrence, Christophe L AU - Dixon, Joe B AU - Schulze, Darrell G Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 415 EP - 430 PB - Soil Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 7 SN - 1047-4986, 1047-4986 KW - silicates KW - Oxisols KW - terrestrial environment KW - pyrophyllite KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - Ultisols KW - crystal structure KW - metasomatism KW - weathered materials KW - talc KW - chemical properties KW - hydrothermal alteration KW - horizons KW - industrial minerals KW - P-T conditions KW - soils KW - pedogenesis KW - arid environment KW - adsorption KW - metamorphism KW - thermal analysis KW - physical properties KW - identification KW - parent materials KW - sheet silicates KW - low-grade metamorphism KW - slope stability KW - 01B:Mineralogy of silicates KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51311787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Book+Series&rft.atitle=Pyrophyllite-talc+minerals&rft.au=Zelazny%2C+Lucian+W%3BThomas%2C+Pamela+J%3BLawrence%2C+Christophe+L%3BDixon%2C+Joe+B%3BSchulze%2C+Darrell+G&rft.aulast=Zelazny&rft.aufirst=Lucian&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Book+Series&rft.issn=10474986&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; arid environment; chemical properties; crystal structure; horizons; hydrothermal alteration; identification; industrial minerals; low-grade metamorphism; metamorphism; metasomatism; Oxisols; P-T conditions; parent materials; pedogenesis; physical properties; pyrophyllite; sheet silicates; silicates; slope stability; soils; talc; terrestrial environment; thermal analysis; Ultisols; weathered materials; X-ray diffraction data ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migration and foraging resources of Plutella xylostella, diamondback moth AN - 51160384; 2003-037134 AB - The diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus) is the most important insect pest of cabbage in Brazil. The larvae feed on the leaves of the cabbage heads leaving holes in them. Because of this damage, consumers reject the cabbage. Cost to control DBM is $120-340 per hectare of cabbage per growing cycle because the cabbage is sprayed every 3-7 days. Some fields even were sprayed when DBM was not present or was in low numbers. Because of the number of insecticide applications, DBM have developed resistance to many insecticides. During DBM research, it was observed that large numbers of DBM adults would sudden appear in fields that were previously free of DBM. Pollen analyses are being used to help determine local and/or long distance migration of DBM and to determine if DBM forage on the flowers of native vegetation. Both scanning electron and light microscopy were used to examine the pollen found on these insect pests. In preliminary results, over five pollen and three spore types have been found in the samples. None of the pollen is from crops grown in the area indicating that DBM adults are moving into cabbage fields from native habitats. The spread of the genes for insecticide resistance is greatly increased when insects migrate from one location to another. Therefore, knowledge of DBM migration, source zones, and foraging patterns is important to help prevent insect resistance and help in control methods. JF - Palynology AU - Jones, Gretchen D AU - Branco, M Castelo AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 267 PB - American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Dallas, TX VL - 26 SN - 0191-6122, 0191-6122 KW - parasites KW - vegetation KW - Holocene KW - modern KW - Cenozoic KW - pollen KW - miospores KW - Invertebrata KW - applications KW - pollen analysis KW - Insecta KW - migration KW - insecticides KW - Quaternary KW - indicators KW - biota KW - spores KW - South America KW - Arthropoda KW - larvae KW - Mandibulata KW - Brazil KW - palynomorphs KW - Plutella xylostella KW - pesticides KW - SEM data KW - 09:Paleobotany UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51160384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palynology&rft.atitle=Migration+and+foraging+resources+of+Plutella+xylostella%2C+diamondback+moth&rft.au=Jones%2C+Gretchen+D%3BBranco%2C+M+Castelo%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Gretchen&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Palynology&rft.issn=01916122&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01916122.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Thirty-fourth annual meeting of the American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; Arthropoda; biota; Brazil; Cenozoic; Holocene; indicators; Insecta; insecticides; Invertebrata; larvae; Mandibulata; migration; miospores; modern; palynomorphs; parasites; pesticides; Plutella xylostella; pollen; pollen analysis; Quaternary; SEM data; South America; spores; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pollen analyses of the parasitic wasps Agathirsia (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) AN - 51159339; 2003-037135 AB - The genus Agathirsia is member of a cosmopolitan subfamily of insects that parasitizes larval Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). The 30 species of Agathirsia are found in arid regions of Mexico and the southwestern United States. These wasps are relatively small, about 6 to 12 mm long. The tongue length of the species of Agathirsia ranges from around 0.25 to 5.5 mm. Some species of the family Braconidae, in which the Agathirsia belong, have a proboscis and "feed readily" on flowers of the Asteraceae. When fed a carbohydrate food source such as honey or sugar, there is an increase in survival and fecundity of some parasitic wasps. Parasitoid wasps are commonly found feeding on flowers but too few have been observed or collected enough to ascertain a reliable trend in host plant range. We examined 127 specimens of Agathirsia: 66 females, 57 males, and 4, sex unknown. Both scanning electron and light microscopy was used for the analyses. Of the 116 pollen types found, 52 were Asteraceae and 7 were Fabaceae. Over 650 pollen grains were counted in the light microscopy samples. Females contained a greater diversity of pollen taxa and more pollen grains: however, there was no significant difference between the sexes. With increased understanding of the needs of these parasitic wasps, it may be possible to utilize them in biocontrol efforts against crop pests such as corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea. JF - Palynology AU - Jones, Gretchen D AU - Pucci, Thomas AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 267 EP - 268 PB - American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Dallas, TX VL - 26 SN - 0191-6122, 0191-6122 KW - terrestrial environment KW - parasites KW - Neoptera KW - Pterygota KW - Holocene KW - Lepidoptera KW - Braconidae KW - modern KW - Cenozoic KW - pollen KW - miospores KW - Invertebrata KW - Endopterygota KW - applications KW - pollen analysis KW - Hymenoptera KW - Insecta KW - experimental studies KW - Quaternary KW - arid environment KW - Mexico KW - Arthropoda KW - larvae KW - Mandibulata KW - palynomorphs KW - SEM data KW - Agathirsia KW - 09:Paleobotany UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51159339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palynology&rft.atitle=Pollen+analyses+of+the+parasitic+wasps+Agathirsia+%28Hymenoptera%2C+Braconidae%29&rft.au=Jones%2C+Gretchen+D%3BPucci%2C+Thomas%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Gretchen&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Palynology&rft.issn=01916122&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/01916122.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Thirty-fourth annual meeting of the American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - PubXState - TX N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agathirsia; applications; arid environment; Arthropoda; Braconidae; Cenozoic; Endopterygota; experimental studies; Holocene; Hymenoptera; Insecta; Invertebrata; larvae; Lepidoptera; Mandibulata; Mexico; miospores; modern; Neoptera; palynomorphs; parasites; pollen; pollen analysis; Pterygota; Quaternary; SEM data; terrestrial environment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of grade-control structures in reducing erosion along incised river channels; the case of Hotophia Creek, Mississippi AN - 51148062; 2004-051745 AB - Herein, we undertake a geomorphological analysis in which spatial and temporal trends of bed and bank erosion along an 18-km length of Hotophia Creek, Mississippi, are estimated for the period between 1961 and 2050. The evaluation was undertaken for two scenarios of channel response to channelization during 1961-1963. One scenario represents the "actual" response of the channel and includes the effects of installing a series of grade-control structures (GCS) between 1980 and 1996, while the other represents a hypothetical scenario in which the channel is left to adjust naturally. This allows the effectiveness of GCS in reducing in-channel erosion to be assessed. The analysis relies on the availability of channel survey data to develop empirical bed and bank response models for each adjustment scenario, supplemented by bank stability modelling to predict future rates of bank erosion. Results indicate that channel erosion rates decline nonlinearly with respect to time since 1961, for both adjustment scenarios. However, by the year 2050, the "with" GCS adjustment scenario results in the cumulative removal of some 663,000 (9%) extra tons of sediment relative to the "without" GCS scenario. Most (63%) of this excess is derived from enhanced bed erosion during 1976-1985 and 1985-1992, with the remainder derived from increased bank erosion during 1985-1992. Detailed analysis of the patterns of erosion and deposition, and their association with the GCS, provides evidence to support the view that GCS installed along Hotophia Creek have, for the most part, been ineffective in reducing channel erosion rates. This is because the GCS were installed too late to prevent bed degradation, caused by the 1961-1963 channelization, migrating upstream. In addition, some structures have disrupted the downstream transmission of bed material from eroded reaches upstream, exacerbating bed degradation and bank erosion in incised reaches downstream. JF - Geomorphology AU - Simon, Andrew AU - Darby, Stephen E Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 229 EP - 254 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 42 IS - 3-4 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - United States KW - processes KW - erosion KW - Hotophia Creek KW - Mississippi KW - channels KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - structures KW - remediation KW - Yazoo Basin KW - models KW - controls KW - channelization KW - mass movements KW - fluvial features KW - geomorphology KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51148062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+grade-control+structures+in+reducing+erosion+along+incised+river+channels%3B+the+case+of+Hotophia+Creek%2C+Mississippi&rft.au=Simon%2C+Andrew%3BDarby%2C+Stephen+E&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0169555X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 70 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - channelization; channels; controls; erosion; fluvial features; geomorphology; Gulf Coastal Plain; Hotophia Creek; mass movements; Mississippi; models; processes; remediation; structures; United States; Yazoo Basin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polyacrylamide preparations for protection of water quality threatened by agricultural runoff contaminants AN - 27650372; 200303-31-0264 (CE); 05493287 (EN) AB - Waste streams associated with a variety of agricultural runoff sources are major contributors of nutrients, pesticides and enteric microorganisms to surface and ground waters. Water soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) was found to be a highly effective erosion-preventing and infiltration-enhancing polymer, when applied at rates of 1-10 g m super(-3) in furrow irrigation water. Water flowing from PAM treated irrigation furrows show large reductions in sediment, nutrients and pesticides. Recently PAM and PAM + CaO and PAM + Al(SO sub(4)) sub(3) mixtures have been shown to filter bacteria, fungi and nutrients from animal wastewater. Low concentrations of PAM [175-350 g PAM ha super(-1) as PAM or as PAM + CaO and PAM + Al(SO sub(4)) mixture] applied to the soil surface, resulted in dramatic decreases (10 fold) of total, coliform and fecal streptococci bacteria in cattle, fish and swine wastewater leachate and surface runoff. PAM treatment also filtered significant amounts of NH sub(4), PO sub(4) and total P in cattle and swine wastewater. This points to the potential of developing PAM as a water quality protection measure in combination with large-scale animal feeding operations. Potential benefits of PAM treatment of animal facility waste streams include: (1) low cost, (2) easy and quick application, (3) suitability for use with other pollution reduction techniques. Research on the efficacy of PAM for removal of protozoan parasites and viruses and more thorough assessment of PAM degradation in different soils is still needed to completely evaluate PAM treatment as an effective waste water treatment. We will present analysis and feasibility of using PAM, PAM + Al(SO sub(4)) sub(3), and PAM + CaO application for specific applications. Our results demonstrate their potential efficacy in reducing sediment, nutrients and microorganisms from animal production facility effluents. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Entry, J A AU - Sojka, R E AU - Watwood, M AU - Ross, C AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83443, USA jentry@nwisrl.ars.pn.usbr.gov PY - 2002 SP - 191 EP - 200 PB - Elsevier Science Publishing Co , Inc , P.O. Box 882, Madison Square Station, New York, NY, 10159-0882, USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.com] VL - 120 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Publisher ID: S0269-7491(02)00160-4 KW - Wastewater KW - Runoff KW - Soil (material) KW - Irrigation KW - Water quality KW - Microorganisms KW - Bacteria KW - Agricultural chemicals KW - Polyacrylamides KW - Agricultural management KW - Sediments KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Water pollution KW - Pesticides KW - Cost engineering KW - Groundwater KW - Article KW - EE 50:Water & Wastewater Treatment (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/27650372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Polyacrylamide+preparations+for+protection+of+water+quality+threatened+by+agricultural+runoff+contaminants&rft.au=Entry%2C+J+A%3BSojka%2C+R+E%3BWatwood%2C+M%3BRoss%2C+C&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Rare Occurrence of Seed Formation on Male Branches of the Dioecious Tree, Populus deltoides AN - 20839358; 5668595 AB - We observed formation of female flowers and seedpods, subsequent to the production of male flowers and pollen, on branch cuttings from a male Populus deltoides var. wislizenii tree. Labile sex expression is rare in the genus Populus, and this is the only recorded instance for this variety of P. deltoides. Mature trees exhibited the same phenomenon in the field and some released copious amounts of seed during 1997. These observations may explain apparent sexual lability within four populations of P. deltoides along the Rio Grande. If protandrous hermaphrodites exist in this species, observations of sexual lability in these field populations could be explained by year to year variation in the timing of census observations; i.e. , earlier season observations would score these individuals as males. We conclude that P. deltoides var. wislizenii is a subdioecious species with occasional bisexual individual plants. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Rowland, D L AU - Garner, E R AU - Jespersen, M AD - Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87031, drowland@nprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 185 EP - 187 PB - University of Notre Dame VL - 147 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Flowers KW - Seeds KW - Branches KW - Trees KW - Populus KW - Bisexual KW - Populus deltoides KW - Census KW - Lability KW - Pollen KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20839358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=A+Rare+Occurrence+of+Seed+Formation+on+Male+Branches+of+the+Dioecious+Tree%2C+Populus+deltoides&rft.au=Rowland%2C+D+L%3BGarner%2C+E+R%3BJespersen%2C+M&rft.aulast=Rowland&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%282002%29147%280185%3AAROOSF%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-0031&volume=147&page=185 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Populus deltoides; Populus; Trees; Lability; Seeds; Flowers; Branches; Census; Bisexual; Pollen DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2002)147(0185:AROOSF)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carvacrol and Thymol Reduce Swine Waste Odor and Pathogens: Stability of Oils AN - 20237054; 5302459 AB - An incomplete anoxic fermentation of livestock waste results in offensive odor emissions. Antimicrobial additives may be useful in controlling odor emissions and pathogens. Natural antimicrobial compounds, carvacrol or thymol at 16.75 mM (2.5 g/l) completely inhibited the production of the offensive odor compounds, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and cresol, and significantly reduced other short-chain volatile fatty acids and gas emissions from swine waste. Fecal coliforms were reduced from 6.3 10 super(6) to 1.0 10 super(3) cells per ml 2 days after treatment with carvacrol (13.3 mM) and were not detectable within 14 days. Total culturable anaerobic bacteria were reduced from 12.4 10 super(10) to 7.2 10 super(8) cells per ml after 2 days and were suppressed below this level for 28 days. Lactate production was not prevalent in untreated swine waste indicating that the microbial populations differ from those in cattle waste. Carvacrol and thymol were stable in swine waste under anoxic conditions for 62 days with 90 to 95% of the additive being recovered in the waste solids. In conclusion, carvacrol and thymol are not metabolized in anoxic swine waste and they are potentially useful in controlling odor emissions and pathogens in swine waste. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Varel, V H AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 38 EP - 43 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00284/bibs/2044 001/20440038.htm] VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - carvacrol KW - cresol KW - isobutyric acid KW - isovaleric acid KW - pigs KW - thymol KW - valeric acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Chemoreception Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Agriculture KW - Fermentation KW - Disease control KW - Odors KW - Agricultural practices KW - Odor compounds KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Odor control KW - Anaerobic bacteria KW - Carvacrol KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Wastes KW - Oils KW - Emission control KW - Waste treatment KW - Pathogens KW - Stability KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Livestock KW - Volatile fatty acids KW - Lactic acid KW - Cresol KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - R 18112:Deodorization KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20237054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Carvacrol+and+Thymol+Reduce+Swine+Waste+Odor+and+Pathogens%3A+Stability+of+Oils&rft.au=Varel%2C+V+H&rft.aulast=Varel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carvacrol; Fecal coliforms; Fermentation; Oils; Disease control; Wastes; Waste treatment; thymol; Pathogens; Stability; Livestock; Antimicrobial agents; Agricultural practices; Odor compounds; Lactic acid; Volatile fatty acids; Antibacterial agents; Odor control; Cresol; Anaerobic bacteria; Agriculture; Emission control; Odors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping surface fluxes using airborne visible, near infrared, thermal infrared remote sensing data and a spatialized surface energy balance model AN - 19762650; 8507377 AB - A spatialized surface energy balance model was validated over the database acquired in the framework of the ReSeDA program. The benefit of the SEBAL model we considered was to compute wind speed and air temperature using the information contained in the spatial variability of convective fluxes. The multitemporal database allowed performing a validation over cycles of several crops. Problems induced by mixed pixels were reduced using high spatial resolution remote sensing data. We verified the validity of the model basic assumption, i.e. the simultaneous presence of partial areas with very high and very low evaporation rates, and the resulting relation between surface temperature and albedo. Besides, the model provided estimates of wind speed and air temperature close to the field references. The validation of soil heat flux showed the inadequacy of the empirical relationship used through a significant underestimation of the references. The validation of sensible heat flux provided similar results as compared to previous studies that dealt with model validations over databases including numerous situations.Original Abstract: Cartographie des flux d'energie a partir de donnees teledetectees visible, proche infrarouge, infrarouge thermique, et d'un modele spatialise. Nous avons valide un modele de bilan d'energie de surface en utilisant la base de donnees ReSeDA. L'interet du modele SEBAL etait d'estimer la vitesse du vent et la temperature de l'air a partir de l'information contenue dans la variabilite spatiale des flux convectifs. la base de donnees multitemporelle permettait d'effectuer une validation en considerant les cycles de plusieurs cultures. Les problemes dus aux pixels mixtes etaient reduits par l'utilisation de donnees teledetectees a haute resolution spatiale. Nous avons pu verifier la validite de l'hypothese de base du modele, i.e. la presence simultanee de zones tres evaporantes ou peu evaporantes, ainsi que la relation entre albedo et temperature qui en resulte. de plus, le modele a fourni des estimations de la vitesse du vent et de la temperature de l'air proche des mesures de reference. la validation du flux de chaleur dans le sol a montre que la relation empirique generait une sous-estimation importante. la validation du flux de chaleur sensible a fourni des resultats comparables a ceux rencontres dans la litterature et concernant la validation de modeles sur des bases de donnees incluant de nombreuses situations. JF - Agronomy for Sustainable Development AU - Jacob, Frederic AU - Olioso, Albert AU - Gu, Xing Fa AU - Su, Zhongbo AU - Seguin, Bernard AD - USDA/ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Bldg 007, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, fjacob@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 669 EP - 680 PB - EDP Sciences, 17 Avenue du Hoggar Parc d'Activites de Courtaboeuf Les Ulis Cedex A BP 112 91944 France, [mailto:edps@edpsciences.org], [URL:http://www.edpsciences.org] VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 1774-0746, 1774-0746 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - albedo KW - Evaporation KW - Reseda KW - Sustainable development KW - Crops KW - Soil KW - agronomy KW - air temperature KW - Remote sensing KW - Mapping KW - Temperature KW - Velocity KW - sensible heat KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19762650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+for+Sustainable+Development&rft.atitle=Mapping+surface+fluxes+using+airborne+visible%2C+near+infrared%2C+thermal+infrared+remote+sensing+data+and+a+spatialized+surface+energy+balance+model&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Frederic%3BOlioso%2C+Albert%3BGu%2C+Xing+Fa%3BSu%2C+Zhongbo%3BSeguin%2C+Bernard&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+for+Sustainable+Development&rft.issn=17740746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1051%2Fagro%3A2002053 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reseda; Remote sensing; air temperature; albedo; Soil; sensible heat; Evaporation; Crops; Mapping; Temperature; agronomy; Sustainable development; Velocity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:2002053 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Similarity of maize seed number responses for a diverse set of sites AN - 19761958; 8506016 AB - Accurate modeling of maize (Zea mays L.) yields in diverse environments requires realistic simulation of seed numbers. Response of maize seed number to growth or light interception soon after pollination has been described with different types of functions. The objective of this study was to compare maize seed number responses to intercepted solar radiation or growth with data from a diverse set of sites. Pioneer hybrid 3394 planted near Temple, TX in 1999 at 2.5 to 20 plants cdotm super(-2) showed a linear function for seed number responses to light intercepted per plant in the 11 d following silking and to ear growth rate in these 11 d. Similar linear seed number responses were found for three hybrids in Canada at 4 to 13 plants cdotm super(-2). Likewise, the function for Pioneer 3394 in Temple was found to be similar to a regression for the same hybrid grown in Pennsylvania, and was similar to a function developed in Kenya. Thus, under the diverse environmental conditions of these studies, linear seed number functions appeared reasonable at these sites. Such seed number functions are critical to the understanding of optimization of planting density to maximum seed production per unit ground area. In the absence of drought stress, the optimum density will be the minimum planting density which could attain near-complete light interception at silking. As the probability of drought stress increases due to decreased soil water holding capacity or decreased expected rainfall, the optimum density would decrease accordingly.Original Abstract: Similarite des reponses du nombre de grains par epi de maies pour un jeu de sites varies. la modelisation precise des rendements du maies (Zea mays L.) dans divers environnements necessite une simulation realiste du nombre de grains par epi. la reponse du nombre de grains a la croissance ou a l'interception de la lumiere aussitot apres la pollinisation a ete decrite avec differents types de fonctions. L'objectif de cette etude etait de comparer les reponses du nombre de grains par epi au rayonnement solaire intercepte ou a la croissance de l'epi avec les donnees provenant d'un ensemble de sites varies. L'hybride Pioneer 3394 plante pres de Temple (Texas, USA) en 1999 avec 2,5 a 20 plants cdotm super(2) a montre une relation lineaire entre le nombre de grains et la lumiere interceptee durant les 11 jours qui ont suivi la sortie des soies ainsi qu'avec le taux de croissance de l'epi durant ces memes 11 jours. Des reponses lineaires similaires ont ete trouvees pour trois hybrides au Canada avec 4 a 13 plants cdotm super(2). de meme, la relation pour Pioneer 3394 a Temple a ete trouvee similaire a celle obtenue pour le meme hybride cultive en Pennsylvanie ainsi qu'au Kenya. Ainsi, sous diverses conditions d'environnement de ces etudes, une relation lineaire avec le nombre de grains apparait comme raisonnable dans ces sites. de telles relations lineaires avec le nombre de grains sont critiques pour apprehender l'optimisation de la densite de plantation afin d'atteindre le maximum de production de grains par unite de surface de sol. En l'absence de stress du a la secheresse, la densite optimale sera la densite de plantation minimale qui permettrait d'atteindre l'interception pratiquement complete du rayonnement au moment de la sortie des soies. Comme la probabilite de stress hydrique augmente avec la decroissance de la capacite de retention en eau du sol ou decroit avec les precipitations escomptees, la densite optimale devra decroitre en tenant compte de ces facteurs. JF - Agronomy for Sustainable Development AU - Kiniry, James R AU - Xie, Yun AU - Gerik, Thomas J AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 808 E. Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA, kiniry@brc.tamus.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 265 EP - 272 PB - EDP Sciences, 17 Avenue du Hoggar Parc d'Activites de Courtaboeuf Les Ulis Cedex A BP 112 91944 France, [mailto:edps@edpsciences.org], [URL:http://www.edpsciences.org] VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 1774-0746, 1774-0746 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Rainfall KW - Sustainable development KW - pollination KW - Soil KW - Droughts KW - Stress KW - agronomy KW - hybrids KW - Canada KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - planting density KW - Solar radiation KW - Kenya KW - Zea mays KW - Growth rate KW - Simulation KW - Environmental conditions KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19761958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+for+Sustainable+Development&rft.atitle=Similarity+of+maize+seed+number+responses+for+a+diverse+set+of+sites&rft.au=Kiniry%2C+James+R%3BXie%2C+Yun%3BGerik%2C+Thomas+J&rft.aulast=Kiniry&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+for+Sustainable+Development&rft.issn=17740746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1051%2Fagro%3A2002010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; USA, Pennsylvania; Kenya; Canada; hybrids; Stress; Droughts; planting density; Soil; Simulation; Growth rate; Solar radiation; Environmental conditions; Rainfall; agronomy; Sustainable development; pollination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:2002010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating evapotranspiration over el Reno, Oklahoma with ASTER imagery AN - 19761018; 8506000 AB - (without abstract) JF - Agronomy for Sustainable Development AU - French, Andrew N AU - Schmugge, Thomas J AU - Kustas, William P AD - USDA/ARS Hydrology & Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, schmugge@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 105 EP - 106 PB - EDP Sciences, 17 Avenue du Hoggar Parc d'Activites de Courtaboeuf Les Ulis Cedex A BP 112 91944 France, [mailto:edps@edpsciences.org], [URL:http://www.edpsciences.org] VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 1774-0746, 1774-0746 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Sustainable development KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Aster KW - agronomy KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19761018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+for+Sustainable+Development&rft.atitle=Estimating+evapotranspiration+over+el+Reno%2C+Oklahoma+with+ASTER+imagery&rft.au=French%2C+Andrew+N%3BSchmugge%2C+Thomas+J%3BKustas%2C+William+P&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+for+Sustainable+Development&rft.issn=17740746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1051%2Fagro%3A2001010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aster; USA, Oklahoma; Sustainable development; agronomy; Evapotranspiration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:2001010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the narrowband to broadband conversion to estimate visible, near infrared and shortwave apparent albedo from airborne PolDER data AN - 19760411; 8507363 AB - The airborne PolDER data acquired during the ReSeDA experiment were used to assess the accuracy of the narrowband to broadband conversion, commonly used to express the integrated value of albedo as a linear combination of waveband estimates. We focused on the estimation of shortwave, visible and near infrared apparent albedos from waveband hemispherical reflectances. The latter were computed using four classical linear BRDF kernel-driven models. The relative discrepancy over the estimates from the four models was about 10%. The narrowband to broadband conversion was performed considering several coefficient sets devoted to recent sensors. The validation against field measurements showed a relative accuracy of shortwave albedo about 9%, whereas it emphasized the quality of visible and near infrared albedos through an indirect procedure. However, the consequences of the theoretical uncertainties, made when calibrating the coefficient sets we used, remain unknown. Similarly, the calibration of coefficient sets devoted to the shortwave albedo estimation from PolDER data showed that it was not possible to discriminate the information provided by the blue, green and red PolDER channels. Indeed, the hemispherical reflectance data set we used was not accurate enough to address experimentally the validity of the spectral interpolation method. Finally, the calibration of coefficients showed that it might be possible to calculate shortwave albedo with a relative error of 8% using only red and near infrared channels.Original Abstract: Evaluation de la methode "narrowband to broadband conversion" pour estimer l'albedo apparent visible- proche infrarouge-courtes longueurs d'onde a partir de donnees aeroportees PolDER. Les donnees aeroportees PolDER acquises durant l'experimentation ReSeDA ont ete utilisees pour evaluer la precision de la methode "narrowband to broadband conversion", communement utilisee pour exprimer la valeur integree de l'albedo comme une combinaison lineaire de mesures spectrales. Nous sommes interesses a l'estimation de l'albedo apparent visible-proche infrarouge-courtes longueurs d'onde a partir de la reflectance hemispherique. Cette derniere a ete calculee en utilisant quatre modeles classiques de FDRB a noyaux. la dispersion relative entre les estimations des quatre modeles etait de l'ordre de 10 %. Nous avons calcule la valeur integree de l'albedo en utilisant des jeux de coefficients proposes dans la litterature pour des capteurs recents. la validation a montre que l'albedo courtes longueurs d'onde PolDER avait une precision relative de l'ordre de 9 %, alors qu'une procedure indirecte a mis en evidence la qualite des albedo visible et proche infrarouge. Cependant, les estimations de reflectance hemispherique n'etaient pas assez precises pour evaluer les consequences des incertitudes theoriques des jeux de coefficients. de meme, la calibration de jeux de coefficients a l'aide des donnees ReSeDA a montre qu'il n'etait pas possible de discriminer l'information fournie par les canaux PolDER bleu, vert et rouge. Finalement, il etait possible de calculer l'albedo avec une precision relative de 8 % en ne considerant que les canaux rouge et proche infrarouge. JF - Agronomy for Sustainable Development AU - Jacob, Frederic AU - Weiss, Marie AU - Olioso, Albert AU - French, Andrew AD - USDA/ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Bldg 007, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, fjacob@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 537 EP - 546 PB - EDP Sciences, 17 Avenue du Hoggar Parc d'Activites de Courtaboeuf Les Ulis Cedex A BP 112 91944 France, [mailto:edps@edpsciences.org], [URL:http://www.edpsciences.org] VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 1774-0746, 1774-0746 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - albedo KW - Sensors KW - Reseda KW - Remote sensing KW - Sustainable development KW - agronomy KW - Channels KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19760411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agronomy+for+Sustainable+Development&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+narrowband+to+broadband+conversion+to+estimate+visible%2C+near+infrared+and+shortwave+apparent+albedo+from+airborne+PolDER+data&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Frederic%3BWeiss%2C+Marie%3BOlioso%2C+Albert%3BFrench%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agronomy+for+Sustainable+Development&rft.issn=17740746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1051%2Fagro%3A2002049 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reseda; albedo; Channels; Sustainable development; Sensors; agronomy; Remote sensing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:2002049 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing freshwater inflows to the hypersaline lower Laguna Madre Estuary of Texas using spectral radiometry, aerial videography, and in situ physicochemistry AN - 19735631; 5467601 AB - The Lower Laguna Madre is a biologically productive, subtropical, hypersaline estuary on the southern Texas Coast. Its shallow waters tend to be relatively clear, over extensive seagrass beds that serve as important nursery areas for many Gulf of Mexico species and as food for the largest wintering population of redhead ducks (Aythya americana) in North America. The Arroyo Colorado and its distributary arm, the North Floodway, are the only two freshwater streams entering the Lower Laguna Madre. Both streams are turbid and deliver significant particulate, nutrient, and chlorophyll/pheophytin loads to the estuary. Water reflectance, airborne videography, and in situ physicochemical data were acquired from two above-tidal and two tidal stations in the Arroyo Colorado and from one station in the estuary, at the confluence of the Arroyo Colorado with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, during the summer of 1995. Analysis of the spectral data, collected imagery, and physicochemistry confirm that near-surface chlorophyllous aggregates (chlorophyll a and pheophytin) can be imaged, yielding both qualitative and quantitative results. Correlation coefficients greater than 0.90 were obtained when digital data from specified spectral bands and band ratios were compared to chlorophyll a, total suspended solids and total dissolved solids concentrations. Results demonstrate the potential of rapid airborne video image acquisition for detecting and mapping effluent discharges into rivers and estuaries. Video remote sensing could be used for environmental monitoring by government agencies, managers, planners, and others making decisions about land and water use, disposition, and development. JF - Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management AU - Webster, C F AU - Repic, R L AU - Escobar, D AU - Everitt, J AU - Davis, M R AD - USDA/ARS/Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Research Unit, 2413 East Hwy. 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, descobar@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 163 EP - 172 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1463-4988, 1463-4988 KW - Pochards KW - Redhead (duck) KW - Scaup KW - USA, Texas, Laguna Madre Estuary KW - spectral radiometry KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Chlorophyll KW - Reflectance KW - arroyos KW - Phytoplankton KW - Nutrients KW - Aerial photography KW - Freshwater KW - shallow water KW - Fresh water KW - Aythya americana KW - Rivers KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Estuarine dynamics KW - Freshwater environments KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Suspended Load KW - Sea grass KW - Government agencies KW - Saline-freshwater Interfaces KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Sea Grasses KW - Spectral Analysis KW - Remote sensing KW - Particulates KW - Streams KW - ASW, USA, Texas, Laguna Madre KW - Radiometers KW - Suspended load KW - Data Interpretation KW - Coasts KW - water use KW - Marine KW - Data processing KW - Pollution detection KW - Inflow KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Suspended particulate matter KW - Sediments KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Analytical Methods KW - USA, Texas, Arroyo Colorado KW - summer KW - aquatic ecosystems KW - O 4095:Instruments/Methods KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q2 09170:Nearshore dynamics KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19735631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Ecosystem+Health+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Assessing+freshwater+inflows+to+the+hypersaline+lower+Laguna+Madre+Estuary+of+Texas+using+spectral+radiometry%2C+aerial+videography%2C+and+in+situ+physicochemistry&rft.au=Webster%2C+C+F%3BRepic%2C+R+L%3BEscobar%2C+D%3BEveritt%2C+J%3BDavis%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Ecosystem+Health+%26+Management&rft.issn=14634988&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Estuarine dynamics; Pollution monitoring; Reflectance; Pollution detection; Inflow; Remote sensing; Phytoplankton; Aerial photography; Radiometers; Fresh water; Sea grass; Suspended load; Chlorophyll; Data processing; Freshwater environments; Estuaries; Nutrients; Streams; Coasts; water use; Rivers; arroyos; Physicochemical properties; Particulates; Suspended particulate matter; shallow water; summer; aquatic ecosystems; Government agencies; Saline-freshwater Interfaces; Sea Grasses; Analytical Methods; Spectral Analysis; Suspended Load; Data Interpretation; Sediments; Aythya americana; ASW, USA, Texas, Laguna Madre; ASW, Mexico Gulf; USA, Texas, Arroyo Colorado; Freshwater; Brackish; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary background ozone concentrations in the mountain and coastal areas of Bulgaria AN - 19597740; 5346066 AB - Urban and non-urban rural ozone (O sub(3)) concentrations are high in Bulgaria and often exceed the European AOT40 ecosystem as well as the AOT60 human health standards. This paper presents preliminary estimates to establish background, non-urban O sub(3) concentrations for the southern region of Bulgaria. Ozone concentrations from three distinctly different sites are presented: a mountain site influenced by mountain-valley wind flow; a coastal site influenced by sea-breeze wind flow; and a 1700-m mountain peak site without 'local' wind flow characteristics. The latter offers the best estimate of 46-50 ppb for a background O sub(3) level. The highest non-urban hourly value, 118 ppb, was measured at the mountain-valley site. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Donev, E AU - Zeller, K AU - Avramov, A AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 W. Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, k.zeller@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 281 EP - 286 VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Ozone in coastal regions KW - Ozone in mountain regions KW - Pollution surveys KW - Water pollution KW - Mountains KW - Air pollution KW - Coastal zone KW - Ozone concentration KW - Bulgaria KW - Wind KW - Pollution KW - Ozone KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - X 24500:Reviews, Legislation, Book & Conference Notices KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19597740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Preliminary+background+ozone+concentrations+in+the+mountain+and+coastal+areas+of+Bulgaria&rft.au=Donev%2C+E%3BZeller%2C+K%3BAvramov%2C+A&rft.aulast=Donev&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Coastal zone; Pollution surveys; Water pollution; Ozone; Mountains; Pollution; Wind; Ozone in coastal regions; Ozone concentration; Ozone in mountain regions; Bulgaria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of ash on the fiber composition of dried dairy manures AN - 19593018; 5493292 AB - The objective of this work was to examine the role of ash in the compositional analysis of dried dairy manures. Ninety-nine dairy manures obtained from Connecticut, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia were dried at 60 degree C, and ground to 20 mesh. Samples were analyzed for neutral and acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, total carbon, total nitrogen, and ash. In addition, cellulose and hemicellulose were computed by difference. Results indicated that high ash contents (8-52% of dry matter) can dramatically and unpredictably alter various measures of fiber composition and are a significant source of error in the determination of manure composition and how it relates to mineralization or other compositional influenced factors. Also, while the ash content of the dried intact manure can easily be determined, it is difficult to estimate the ash contribution to the individual fiber determinations, especially if sequential assays are performed. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Reeves, JB III AU - Van Kessel, JAS AD - AMBL, ARS, USDA, Bldg. 306, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, jreeves@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 239 EP - 244 VL - 120 IS - 2 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Animal wastes KW - Manure KW - Detergents KW - Ash KW - Cellulose KW - USA, East KW - Mineralization KW - hemicellulose KW - Fibers KW - Dairies KW - Carbon KW - Lignin KW - Dry matter KW - Pollution KW - Nitrogen KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - X 24340:Cosmetics, Toiletries & Household Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19593018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Influence+of+ash+on+the+fiber+composition+of+dried+dairy+manures&rft.au=Reeves%2C+JB+III%3BVan+Kessel%2C+JAS&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=JB&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibers; Dairies; Carbon; Manure; Detergents; Lignin; Cellulose; Dry matter; Mineralization; Pollution; hemicellulose; Nitrogen; Animal wastes; Ash; USA, East ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Campylobacter spp. in Poultry Hatchery Samples AN - 19285605; 5536303 AB - SUMMARY.A rapid, sensitive, and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the direct detection of Campylobacter in environmental samples from hatcheries. PCR, with a set of primers specific for the Campylobacter fla A short variable region (SVR), detected the presence of Campylobacter in both fluff and eggshell samples; however, a determination of whether the organism was living or dead could not be made. Conventional cultural methods detected no Campylobacter from the same samples. An additional benefit of the direct PCR assay is it allows for the production of a product that can be sequenced to provide further epidemiologic information.Original Abstract: RESUMEN.Nota de Investigacion -Deteccion directa de Campylobacter spp en muestras de plantas de incubacion.Se desarrollo un ensayo rapido, sensible y especifico de reaccion en cadena de la polimerasa (de las siglas en ingles PCR) para la deteccion directa de Campylobacter en muestras de medio ambiente de plantas de incubacion. Mediante la prueba de PCR y utilizando un par de iniciadores especificos para Campylobacter flaA SVR, se detecto la presencia de Campylobacter en muestras de plumon y cascarones de huevo; sin embargo, no se pudo determinar si el organismo se encontraba vivo o muerto. No se detecto Campylobacter en las mismas muestras mediante metodos convencionales de cultivo. Una ventaja adicional de la prueba de PCR directa es que permite la obtencion de un producto cuya secuencia puede ser analizada para posteriormente obtener informacion epidemiologica.Abbreviations: PCR = polymerase chain reaction; SVR = short variable region JF - Avian Diseases AU - Hiett, K L AU - Cox, NA AU - Stern, N J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Russell Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677 Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 219 EP - 223 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Hatcheries KW - Egg shells KW - Poultry KW - Campylobacter KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Primers KW - Variable region KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19285605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Direct+Polymerase+Chain+Reaction+Detection+of+Campylobacter+spp.+in+Poultry+Hatchery+Samples&rft.au=Hiett%2C+K+L%3BCox%2C+NA%3BStern%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Hiett&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280219%3ADPCRDO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Egg shells; Hatcheries; Poultry; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers; Variable region; Campylobacter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0219:DPCRDO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serologic Detection of Experimental Salmonella enteritidis Infections in Laying Hens by Fluorescence Polarization and Enzyme Immunoassay AN - 19285471; 5536289 AB - SUMMARY.Detection of infected poultry flocks is essential for controlling eggborne transmission of Salmonella enteritidis to humans. The present study evaluated the detection of antibodies in the sera of experimentally infected chickens by a fluorescence polarization assay with a tracer prepared from the O-polysaccharide of S. enteritidis and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with an S. enteritidis flagellin antigen. In two trials, groups of specific-pathogen-free laying hens were infected orally with either 106 or 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of S. enteritidis (phage type 13a) or with 108 CFU of Salmonella typhimurium. Serum samples were collected before inoculation and at five subsequent weekly intervals. Both assays successfully detected the majority of hens infected with S. enteritidis at either dose level, but they also identified a substantial number of hens infected with S. typhimurium as seropositive. The fluorescence polarization test detected S. enteritidis infection significantly more often and cross-reacted with sera from hens infected with S. typhimurium significantly less often than the ELISA. The fluorescence polarization assay also offered advantages in terms of speed and methodologic simplicity.Original Abstract: RESUMEN.Deteccion serologica de infecciones experimentales por Salmonella enteriditis en gallinas ponedoras por medio de la polarizacion fluorescente e inmunoensayo ligado a enzimas.La deteccion de infeccion en parvadas comerciales de ponedoras es esencial para el control de la transmision de la Salmonella enteriditis a los humanos, por medio de los huevos. En este estudio se evaluo la deteccion de anticuerpos en el suero de aves infectadas en forma experimental, mediante el uso de la prueba de polarizacion fluorescente con un rastreador preparado a partir del polisacarido O de la S. enteriditis, y por medio de la prueba de inmunoabsorcion ligada a enzimas (ELISA) con un antigeno de la flagelina de S. enteriditis. Se realizaron dos experimentos en los cuales dos grupos de gallinas ponedoras libres de patogenos especificos fueron inoculadas por la via oral con 106 y 108 unidades formadoras de colonia (UFC) de S. enteriditis (del tipo bacteriofago 13a) o con 108 UFC de Salmonella typhimurium. Las muestras de suero fueron tomadas antes de la inoculacion y durante 5 intervalos semanales. Ambos procedimientos detectaron la mayoria de las aves infectadas con la S. enteriditis en los dos niveles de dosificacion usados, pero tambien identificaron como seropositivas a un numero substancial de las aves infectadas con S. typhimurium. La prueba de polarizacion fluorescente detecto un numero significativamente mayor de gallinas infectadas con S. enteriditis, mientras que la reaccion cruzada con el suero procedente de las aves inoculadas con S. typhimurium fue significativamente menor en comparacion con la prueba ELISA. La prueba de polarizacion fluorescente tambien ofrece ventajas como la rapidez y la simplicidad del metodo.Abbreviations: CFU = colony-forming units; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FP = fluorescence polarization; IgG = immunoglobulin G JF - Avian Diseases AU - Gast, R K AU - Nasir AU - Jolley, ME AU - Holt, P S AU - Stone, H D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 137 EP - 142 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phages KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Poultry KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Infection KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Fluorescence polarization KW - Antibodies KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Inoculation KW - Fluorescent indicators KW - Flagellin KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19285471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Serologic+Detection+of+Experimental+Salmonella+enteritidis+Infections+in+Laying+Hens+by+Fluorescence+Polarization+and+Enzyme+Immunoassay&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BNasir%3BJolley%2C+ME%3BHolt%2C+P+S%3BStone%2C+H+D&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282002%29046%280137%3ASDOESE%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phages; Antibodies; Poultry; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Colony-forming cells; Inoculation; Fluorescent indicators; Infection; Flagellin; Fluorescence polarization; Salmonella typhimurium; Salmonella enteritidis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2002)046(0137:SDOESE)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification of DNA for the transfection of a Spodoptera frugiperda cell line AN - 18927335; 5664468 AB - Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) cells have been widely used in baculovirus expression systems, transient gene expression studies and transgenic cell lines. These applications commonly require the transfection of bacterial plasmid DNA. One of the most reliable methods of preparing transfection-quality plasmid DNA is cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradient centrifugation. However, the traditional CsCl DNA purification is a long and laborious process. We have made a series of modifications to the traditional method that makes it faster, safer and easier. In the current study we demonstrate that DNA prepared by our modified CsCl method was also better for the transfection of Sf-9 cells than DNA prepared by the traditional CsCl method. JF - Methods in Cell Science AU - Slack, J M AU - Lawrence, S D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 155 EP - 163 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 1381-5741, 1381-5741 KW - Fall armyworm KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Centrifugation KW - cesium chloride KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Transfection KW - DNA KW - Plasmids KW - Baculovirus KW - Methodology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18927335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+Cell+Science&rft.atitle=Purification+of+DNA+for+the+transfection+of+a+Spodoptera+frugiperda+cell+line&rft.au=Slack%2C+J+M%3BLawrence%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Slack&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+Cell+Science&rft.issn=13815741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Baculovirus; Spodoptera frugiperda; Transfection; cesium chloride; Plasmids; Methodology; DNA; Centrifugation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance of Bare-Earth and Vegetated Steep Channels Under Long-Duration Flows AN - 18923876; 5515966 AB - Thousands of dams built in the U.S. have a potential to be overtopped by flood flows. It is therefore necessary to understand the mechanics of embankment erosion in order to evaluate the potential erosion damage to an embankment and the safety risk that overtopping represents. This article describes tests conducted at the USDA-ARS Hydraulic Engineering Research Laboratory in Stillwater, Oklahoma, using an embankment 3 m high and 37 m long with 3:1 slopes. Measured water surface, bed, and velocity profiles and predicted hydraulic stress for four 1-m wide trapezoidal channels, two vegetated and two non-vegetated, are compared. The tests were conducted at discharges of 0.2 m super(3)/s and 0.6 m super(3)/s. The tests in the vegetated condition were run for 75 hours, and the tests in the non-vegetated condition for 73 hours and 52 hours, respectively. The maximum average erosion rate in the non-vegetated channels was 25 and 50 times greater than that in the vegetated channels for the two flows. The erosion in the non-vegetated channels was not uniform spatially along the length of the channel or temporally over the duration of the tests. The erosion progressed into stair-stepped overfalls. Jet test analysis of laboratory soil samples indicated that erosion resistance varied up to 3 orders of magnitude due to variations in compaction, percent saturation, and density. The excess stress parameters, erodibility coefficient and critical stress, based on post-test samples, were predicted to be 0.00029 m/Pa-h and 0.55 Pa, respectively. Hydraulic stress evaluation of the two bare-earth soil channels over the duration of the tests resulted in k sub(d) values of 0.00026 and 0.00029 m/Pa-h for the tests conducted at discharges of 0.2 m super(3)/s and 0.6 m super(3)/s, respectively. Evaluation of the two vegetated channels resulted in k sub(d) values of 0.00070 and 0.00004 m/Pa-h. It is anticipated that the results of these studies will provide the basis for improved evaluation of the erosion of embankments subjected to overtopping. This study will provide a tool for evaluating dam rehabilitation needs, as well as for assessing the risk to human and livestock life and property loss downstream. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hanson, G J AU - Temple, D M AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Science and Water Conservation Research Laboratory, 1301 N. Western Street, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA, ghanson@pswcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002///0, PY - 2002 DA - 0, 2002 SP - 695 EP - 701 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Testing Procedures KW - Risk KW - Resistance KW - Embankments KW - Dams KW - Profiles KW - Hydraulic Engineering KW - Erosion Rates KW - Saturation KW - Slopes KW - Compaction KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18923876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Performance+of+Bare-Earth+and+Vegetated+Steep+Channels+Under+Long-Duration+Flows&rft.au=Hanson%2C+G+J%3BTemple%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testing Procedures; Risk; Resistance; Profiles; Dams; Embankments; Erosion Rates; Hydraulic Engineering; Slopes; Saturation; Compaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation, Deep Tillage, and Nitrogen Management for a Corn-Soybean Rotation AN - 18923696; 5515952 AB - Of the numerous factors affecting crop yield, the major factor for corn and soybean in the southeastern Coastal Plain appears to be available soil water. Inadequate rainfall and soil compaction, which limits root exploration of stored soil water, exacerbate this problem. Potential solutions, though costly and energy intensive, include irrigation and annual deep tillage. Sometimes, doing both provides additive yield increases for corn. The objectives of this study were: (1) to prove a site-specific irrigation system, and (2) to test the separate and combined effects of irrigation, tillage, N-fertilizer, and crop rotation on corn and soybean yield. A center-pivot irrigation system that had been modified to allow variable-rate water and nutrient applications to 100-m super(2) plots within the system was used to manage an experiment with corn-soybean rotation, irrigation, deep tillage, and N-fertilizer treatments during 1995-1998. The modified center-pivot system satisfactorily applied water and N fertilizer to the treatment areas, and reliability of the control system improved during this experiment. Irrigation increased corn yield all years (8% to 135%) and soybean yield three of four years (26% to 31%). Deep tillage increased yield in only two years, for corn (4% to 6%). For these soil and weather conditions, irrigation increased corn and soybean yields more consistently than deep tillage. The site-specific irrigation facility performed as expected and should provide the research infrastructure to answer many long-standing questions about irrigated cropping systems in the southeastern Coastal Plain. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Camp, C R AU - Sadler, E J AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501-1242, USA, camp@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002///0, PY - 2002 DA - 0, 2002 SP - 601 EP - 608 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Coastal Plains KW - Soil Compaction KW - Nutrients KW - Soil Water KW - Soybeans KW - Crop Yield KW - USA KW - Fertilizers KW - Irrigation Systems KW - Tillage KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Corn KW - Irrigation Effects KW - Water Potentials KW - Control Systems KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18923696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Irrigation%2C+Deep+Tillage%2C+and+Nitrogen+Management+for+a+Corn-Soybean+Rotation&rft.au=Camp%2C+C+R%3BSadler%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Camp&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coastal Plains; Soil Compaction; Nutrients; Soil Water; Crop Yield; Soybeans; Fertilizers; Irrigation Systems; Tillage; Corn; Agricultural Practices; Irrigation Effects; Water Potentials; Control Systems; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some modern approaches to environmental urban evaluations AN - 18906918; 5524733 AB - Environmental urban evaluations represent an important instrument to study the cities and their environment. These evaluations help in the examination of city-creating mechanisms, factors and phenomena having serious impacts on urban ecology. One of the most significant steps in this process is the high-quality analysis of current landscape structure (land-use), which forms a good basis for the assessment of next characteristics - e.g. stress factors in the cities, carrying capacity of urban landscape, its ecological stability, suitability of the territory for intended socio-economic activities, etc. In our article, we have tried to carry out an environmental urban evaluation with the help of modern approaches, such as computer cartography, land-use urban mapping and geographic information systems. These up-to-date methods and techniques allow to detect more quickly, complexly and precisely regularities, relations and dependences among various components of the urban organism in order to improve its environmental quality. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Divinsky, B AU - Pauditsova, E AD - Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina B2, 842 15, Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, divinsky@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 331 EP - 340 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04695:Urban environments KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18906918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Some+modern+approaches+to+environmental+urban+evaluations&rft.au=Divinsky%2C+B%3BPauditsova%2C+E&rft.aulast=Divinsky&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aerial delivery of baits to brown treesnakes AN - 18814442; 5676834 AB - The exotic brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) has been implicated in the extermination of endemic species from Guam, and fears that it will be transported elsewhere have resulted in an intensive trapping and containment program. Current management methods do not depopulate large areas, a presumed prerequisite for the effective reintroduction of endangered native species, and logistically tenable techniques for removing snakes from remote forests are needed. Bait stations containing dead neonatal mice (Mus musculus) implanted with acetaminophen have been effective for depopulating areas of brown treesnakes, but a bait delivery system for effective use of toxicants on a large scale and in remote areas has yet to be developed, and the selectivity of air-dropped baits requires assessment. We developed and tested aerial delivery methods of distributing baits in forest canopy on Guam by implanting baits with radiotransmitters. We recorded bait uptake by snakes and other species and measured morphology and movements of snakes that consumed baits. Bait take by snakes was high (63%) using parachuted baits designed to entangle in forest canopy, and snakes moved 1-70 m after consuming baits. Snakes that consumed baits were of similar size, weight, and body condition to snakes captured in traps on the drop areas. Implanting transmitters in carcass baits was a useful method for monitoring brown treesnake movement for 5-11 days post-consumption. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Shivik, JA AU - Savarie, P J AU - Clark, L AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, john.shivik@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 1062 EP - 1067 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Brown tree snake KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18814442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Aerial+delivery+of+baits+to+brown+treesnakes&rft.au=Shivik%2C+JA%3BSavarie%2C+P+J%3BClark%2C+L&rft.aulast=Shivik&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1062&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A camera and hook system for viewing and retrieving rodent carcasses from burrows AN - 18812863; 5676833 AB - Research to evaluate rodenticides often requires determining bait efficacy, retrieving carcasses of poisoned rodents for chemical analyses, and quantifying nontarget and secondary hazards and mortalities. Traditional methods of retrieving carcasses from burrows (telemetry and excavation) are expensive and inefficient. Further, they do not address non-target issues. Researchers need more innovative and effective methods to locate and retrieve poisoned fossorial rodents. Information on the distance at which rodents die from the entrance of their burrows is also needed to assess secondary hazards to scavengers. We evaluated a burrow-probe camera and hook system for viewing inside burrows and retrieving carcasses of poisoned California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi). We probed 654 burrows and found 31 rodent carcasses within 2 m of the burrow entrance, 23 of which we retrieved. We found carcasses at a mean depth of 1 m (SE = 0.07, n = 31), too deep to be available to most surface avian or mammalian scavengers. Average time to probe 50 active burrows in 1- to 4-ha plots was 2 hr 24 min (SE = 17, n = 11). The system was also useful for collecting descriptive information on live squirrels and nontarget species. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - VerCauteren, K AU - Pipas, MJ AU - Bourassa, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA, Vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 1057 EP - 1061 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - California ground squirrel KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18812863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=A+camera+and+hook+system+for+viewing+and+retrieving+rodent+carcasses+from+burrows&rft.au=VerCauteren%2C+K%3BPipas%2C+MJ%3BBourassa%2C+J&rft.aulast=VerCauteren&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1057&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring Amur tiger populations: characteristics of track surveys in snow AN - 18812648; 5676844 AB - We examined the efficacy of employing a track-count index to monitor trends in abundance of the Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) in the Russian Far East. Conservation of the Amur tiger depends upon region-specific information regarding population trends. A traditional tiger census technique has inherent logistical and theoretic constraints, but a logistically feasible and statistically rigorous alternative compatible with the historic tradition of winter track counts has not yet been developed. We used data collected during 434 surveys of foot routes conducted from 1995-1999 to examine characteristics of track counts that will influence monitoring design. Longevity of tiger tracks in snow was 7-8 days in January and February but only an average of 2 days in March. Route length and days since last snow were the 2 most significant design variables explaining variability in detection rate of tracks on survey routes. Variation in track counts observed from foot surveys 0.5 to 28 km long suggested that an efficient survey design would employ routes 10 to 15 km in length. Results of simulations examining power suggested that track counts could be employed as part of a system to monitor Amur tiger abundance given the critical assumption that changes in track counts reflected changes in tiger population size. A monitoring system employing 10 to 20 routes 12 to 15 km long, sampled twice each year, could provide over 80% power to detect a 10% annual decline in tiger tracks with a 20% chance of type I errors ( alpha =0.20). Approaches to monitoring large carnivores with track counts usually have employed presence-absence surveys. The greater power to detect population declines that may be achieved through counts of tracks (rather than a presence-absence survey) led us to favor use of track counts to monitor tigers in the Russian Far East. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Hayward, G D AU - Miquelle, D G AU - Smirnov, EN AU - Nations, C AD - United States Forest Service and Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA, ghayward01@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 1150 EP - 1159 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18812648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Monitoring+Amur+tiger+populations%3A+characteristics+of+track+surveys+in+snow&rft.au=Hayward%2C+G+D%3BMiquelle%2C+D+G%3BSmirnov%2C+EN%3BNations%2C+C&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiological ecology of native and alien dry forest shrubs in Hawaii AN - 18805234; 5677272 AB - Hawaii's dry forests are among the most endangered of all ecosystems in the archipelago. Invasion of alien plant species into these ecosystems is one of the most significant threats to on-going efforts to preserve and restore Hawaii's remaining dry forests. Comparing the physiological performance of alien and native species can offer causal explanations behind the relative success of alien plant invasions within Hawaiian dry forests and elsewhere. We compared maximum rates of net CO sub(2) assimilation, water-use efficiency (WUE), daily carbon gain, and leaf morphology for three native and two alien shrubby species growing within 1-m super(2) plots under two natural light (sub-canopy shade relative to open full sunlight) treatments. Maximum rates of net CO sub(2) assimilation were similar between alien and native species (8.15 vs. 7.12 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1), respectively), however, native plants exhibited lower stomatal conductance and higher instantaneous WUE than alien plants in all treatments (0.13 mol m super(-2) s super(-1) and 72.36 mu mol CO sub(2) mol H sub(2)O super(-1) against 0.23 and 58.78, respectively). Alien plants had approximately 65% more aboveground biomass than native plants. This result may reflect differential seed production and seed bank viability between native and alien species. We found an overall strong, positive correlation between species-specific physiological traits and final species aboveground biomass. Based on this type of information we can predict species-specific boundaries across light gradients, and focus restoration efforts accordingly. JF - Biological Invasions AU - Cordell, S AU - Cabin, R J AU - Hadway, L J AD - USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 23 E. Kawili St., Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA, cordell@hawaii.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 387 EP - 396 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1387-3547, 1387-3547 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecophysiology KW - Indigenous species KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Invasions KW - Dry forests KW - Introduced species KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18805234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Invasions&rft.atitle=Physiological+ecology+of+native+and+alien+dry+forest+shrubs+in+Hawaii&rft.au=Cordell%2C+S%3BCabin%2C+R+J%3BHadway%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Cordell&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Invasions&rft.issn=13873547&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Indigenous species; Ecophysiology; Invasions; Introduced species; Dry forests; USA, Hawaii ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aerosol delivery of virulent Mycobacterium bovis to cattle AN - 18780405; 5642711 AB - Although animal models of aerosol inoculation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis have been reported using laboratory animals, a model of aerosol delivery of M. bovis to cattle has not been reported previously. Develop and characterize a model of aerosol delivery of M. bovis to cattle, and compare the distribution of lesions in cattle infected with either of two different strains of M. bovis, one isolated from cattle (HC2005T), and the other isolated from white-tailed deer (1315). Cattle (n=20, female and castrated males) aged 4 months, were infected with 1 x 10 super(3) (n=5) or 1 x 10 super(5) (n=5) colony-forming units (CFU) of M. bovis 1315 or 1 x 10 super(3) (n=5) or 1 x 10 super(5) (n=5) CFU of M. bovis HC2005T. Calves were infected using a commercially available aerosol delivery system. One hundred fifty-five days after infection, calves were euthanized, examined and tissues collected for microscopic analysis and bacteriologic culture. Nineteen of 20 calves developed tuberculosis. Typical tuberculous lesions were most pronounced in the lungs and tracheobronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes. The system described provides a reliable method of aerosol delivery of M. bovis to cattle. Lesion distribution suggests that the aerosolized inoculum was delivered deep into pulmonary alveoli and thus represents true aerosol exposure. Disease was more severe in groups receiving the highest dose of either inoculum strain; however, differences between strains were not seen. JF - Tuberculosis AU - Palmer, M V AU - Waters, W R AU - Whipple, D L AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Avenue Ames, IA 5001, USA, mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 275 EP - 282 VL - 82 IS - 6 SN - 1472-9792, 1472-9792 KW - cattle KW - delivery KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18780405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tuberculosis&rft.atitle=Aerosol+delivery+of+virulent+Mycobacterium+bovis+to+cattle&rft.au=Palmer%2C+M+V%3BWaters%2C+W+R%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tuberculosis&rft.issn=14729792&rft_id=info:doi/10.1054%2Ftube.2002.0341 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/tube.2002.0341 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new method for the analysis of fire spread modeling errors AN - 18761038; 5637372 AB - Fire spread models have a long history, and their use will continue to grow as they evolve from a research tool to an operational tool. This paper describes a new method to analyse two-dimensional fire spread modeling errors, particularly to quantify the uncertainties of fire spread predictions. Measures of error are defined from the respective spread distances of the actual and simulated fires at specified points around their perimeters. A ratio error provides a correction factor for the spread model bias. The characteristics of the error are defined by a probability model, which is used to construct error bounds on fire spread predictions. The method is applied to the Bee Fire, which burned 3848 ha on the San Bernardino National Forest, California, in summer 1996. The study focused on the early, presuppression stages of the fire. A mesoscale spectral model was used to simulate weather conditions on a grid interval of 2 km. The FARSITE system was used to simulate fire growth during the first 105 min of the fire. The case study showed how difficult fire spread modeling is under the conditions presented by the Bee Fire. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Fujioka, F M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, ffujioka@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 193 EP - 203 VL - 11 IS - 3-4 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - flame spread KW - wildfire KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18761038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=A+new+method+for+the+analysis+of+fire+spread+modeling+errors&rft.au=Fujioka%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Fujioka&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the Weight of Wolves, Canis lupus, from Chest Girth Measurements AN - 18757669; 5630603 AB - Regression equations relating weight with chest girth have been reported for a variety of wildlife species, but not Wolves (Canis lupus). We recorded the weights and chest girths of 114 Wolves taken in central and northern Minnesota between 1995 and 1997. Regression equations were developed for the estimation of Wolf weight from chest girth. A significant correlation existed between body weight and chest girth (r super(2) = 0.815, n = 114, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between regression equations when grouped by sex. JF - Canadian Field-Naturalist AU - Hart, J P AU - Jamieson, D H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, 34912 U.S. Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 313 EP - 314 VL - 116 IS - 2 SN - 0008-3550, 0008-3550 KW - Gray wolf KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18757669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Field-Naturalist&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+Weight+of+Wolves%2C+Canis+lupus%2C+from+Chest+Girth+Measurements&rft.au=Hart%2C+J+P%3BJamieson%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Field-Naturalist&rft.issn=00083550&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calcium Supplement and Bone Medication Use in a US Medicare Health Maintenance Organization AN - 18733717; 5611376 AB - This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of the use of calcium supplements and of prescription medications to prevent or treat osteoporosis in men and women in a large New England Medicare Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). A two-page diet, medication use and medical history questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 9000 out of 82 985 members and 2932 (32.6%) responded. Over 97% of the participants were Caucasian and 64.7% were female. The mean ages of the men and women were 74.4 t 5.8 and 74.6 t 6.2 years, respectively. Sixty-nine percent of the men and 59% of the women consumed two or fewer servings of dairy foods per day. Calcium supplement use was more prevalent among the women than the men (66.8% vs 24.9%, p<0.001). Men and women with higher dairy food intakes were more likely to take calcium supplements than were those with lower dairy intakes. Prescription bone medications (including bisphosphonates, raloxifene and calcitonin) were used currently by 17.5% of the women and 2.3% of the men (p<0.001). An additional 16.2% of the women currently took estrogen. Among the women, bone medication use did not change with age but estrogen use declined with increasing age. Among women age 80+ years, 15.6% used bone medications and 4.9% took estrogen. According to a national survey, more than half the US Caucasian female population over age 80 years has bone density low enough to warrant treatment under current guidelines. Based on the results of this survey, many elderly men and women may benefit from increased utilization of calcium supplements and bone-active medications. JF - Osteoporosis International AU - Dawson-Hughes, B AU - Harris, S S AU - Dallal, GE AU - Lancaster AU - Zhou, Q AD - Calcium and Bone Metabolism Laboratory at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, Boston, MA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 657 EP - 662 VL - 13 IS - 8 SN - 0937-941X, 0937-941X KW - HMO KW - man KW - Physical Education Index; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science KW - T 200115:Bone pharmacology and toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18733717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Osteoporosis+International&rft.atitle=Calcium+Supplement+and+Bone+Medication+Use+in+a+US+Medicare+Health+Maintenance+Organization&rft.au=Dawson-Hughes%2C+B%3BHarris%2C+S+S%3BDallal%2C+GE%3BLancaster%3BZhou%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Dawson-Hughes&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Osteoporosis+International&rft.issn=0937941X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs001980200089 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980200089 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Household Tobacco Smoke Exposure is Negatively Associated with Premenopausal Bone Mass AN - 18730596; 5611377 AB - Subjects exposed to environmental tobacco smoke have been found to be at increased risk for several health problems. Whether exposure to passive tobacco smoke is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is unknown. In order to examine this, we measured BMD in 154 healthy premenopausal women (age range 40-45 years). BMD of the total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data were collected on exposure to household tobacco smoke from age 10 years to the present as well as on other lifestyle factors related to bone mass. We found that 67.5% of the subjects had a history of household tobacco smoke exposure. Subjects exposed to household tobacco smoke had a mean adjusted BMD that was significantly lower at the total hip (p = 0.021) and femoral neck (p = 0.018) compared with subjects who were not exposed. In addition, duration of household tobacco smoke exposure was negatively associated with BMD at the total hip (p = 0.010), femoral neck (p = 0.004), lumbar spine (p = 0.037) and total body (p = 0.031). Subjects exposed to household tobacco smoke for 15 years or more had mean adjusted BMD that was 4% lower at the total body, and more than 8% lower at the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine, compared with subjects who were not exposed. In conclusion, household tobacco smoke exposure during adolescence and young adulthood was found to be negatively associated with BMD at the total hip and femoral neck, and duration of exposure was negatively associated with BMD at the total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body in premenopausal women. JF - Osteoporosis International AU - Blum, M AU - Harris, S S AU - Must, A AU - Phillips, S M AU - Rand, WM AU - Dawson-Hughes, B AD - Calcium and Metabolic Bone Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 663 EP - 668 VL - 13 IS - 8 SN - 0937-941X, 0937-941X KW - females KW - man KW - Physical Education Index; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - T 200115:Bone pharmacology and toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18730596?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Osteoporosis+International&rft.atitle=Household+Tobacco+Smoke+Exposure+is+Negatively+Associated+with+Premenopausal+Bone+Mass&rft.au=Blum%2C+M%3BHarris%2C+S+S%3BMust%2C+A%3BPhillips%2C+S+M%3BRand%2C+WM%3BDawson-Hughes%2C+B&rft.aulast=Blum&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Osteoporosis+International&rft.issn=0937941X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs001980200090 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980200090 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tools for Support of Ecological Research on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi AN - 18720095; 5598753 AB - The diverse, beneficial impacts that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have on plants and soils in terms of plant nutrient uptake, soil stabilization, and protection of plants roots against soilborne pathogens make these organisms important components of natural and intensively managed landscapes. Their obligate biotrophism limits their propagation in pure culture but has been a stimulus for development of a series of new molecular tools useful for identification, localization (in roots or in soil), and quantification of AM fungal activity in situ. This paper presents a review of the tools available to examine the fungal side of the symbiosis and suggests aspects of future development needed to bring the full benefit of these tools to bear on the task of evaluating the impact of AM fungal diversity at broad scale ecological levels. JF - Symbiosis AU - Millner, P D AU - Wright, S F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, millnerp@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 101 EP - 123 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0334-5114, 0334-5114 KW - mycorrhizas KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - K 03010:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18720095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Symbiosis&rft.atitle=Tools+for+Support+of+Ecological+Research+on+Arbuscular+Mycorrhizal+Fungi&rft.au=Millner%2C+P+D%3BWright%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Millner&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Symbiosis&rft.issn=03345114&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Epidemiology of Bacterial Diseases in Food-Size Channel Catfish AN - 18705079; 5597651 AB - Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris are the most economically important bacterial diseases affecting the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus industry in the United States. Although these two diseases have been extensively researched, little is known about their prevalence and epidemiology in production systems. In 1997, a two-part survey of catfish producers in Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi was conducted to estimate the proportion of ponds and catfish operations that have these diseases and to develop information on the risk factors associated with reporting an occurrence. The response rates to the two phases of the survey were 65.6% and 75.3%, respectively. Overall, 78.1% of all operations and 42.1% of all ponds experienced problems with ESC/columnaris. Higher percentages of large operations and ponds on large operations experienced these problems. The most frequently reported average loss per outbreak of the two diseases was 200-2,000 lb (1 lb = 0.454 kg) per outbreak. Univariate analysis and multivariable regression modeling of the survey data identified three possible risk factors associated with ESC/columnaris, namely, operation size, stocking density, and feeding rate. Conversely, operations that produced their own fingerlings and those that drained ponds at intervals of 3 years or less were less likely to report losses. The associations identified in this study do not establish firm causal relationships, but they do generate hypotheses about managerial and environmental interactions that represent substantial risks to production. JF - Journal of Aquatic Animal Health AU - Wagner, BA AU - Wise, D J AU - Khoo, L H AU - Terhune, J S AD - Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 263 EP - 272 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0899-7659, 0899-7659 KW - Channel catfish KW - Enteric septicemia KW - Enteric septicemia of catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - epidemiology KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Feeding KW - Stocking density KW - Septicemia KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Disease control KW - Columnaris disease KW - USA, Southeast KW - Aquaculture KW - Environmental factors KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Ponds KW - Epidemiology KW - Environmental effects KW - Septicaemia KW - Aquaculture techniques KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18705079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.atitle=The+Epidemiology+of+Bacterial+Diseases+in+Food-Size+Channel+Catfish&rft.au=Wagner%2C+BA%3BWise%2C+D+J%3BKhoo%2C+L+H%3BTerhune%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.issn=08997659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Stocking density; Feeding; Epidemiology; Bacterial diseases; Disease control; Septicaemia; Environmental factors; Aquaculture techniques; Septicemia; Environmental effects; Columnaris disease; Aquaculture; Ponds; Ictalurus punctatus; USA, Southeast ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Histological and Hematological Evaluation of Potassium Permanganate Exposure in Channel Catfish AN - 18704970; 5597611 AB - A histological and hematological study was performed to evaluate the effect of waterborne exposures of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus to potassium permanganate (KMnO[sub]4). Three concentrations of KMnO[sub]4 were chosen to represent one, three, and five times the therapeutic concentrations (0.438, 1.315, and 2.190 mg/L, respectively), based on the KMnO[sub]4 demand, for 36 h, which is three times the usual treatment duration. The organs examined were the gill, liver, and trunk kidney. Differential leukocyte counts of neutrophils and monocytes in the blood and plasma enzyme analyses (lactate dehydrogenase and alanine transaminase) were also performed. The gill was the only organ to show microscopic lesions. Fish exposed to the therapeutic concentration of KMnO[sub]4 for 36 h had mild hypertrophy and spongiosis in the gills sampled during exposure, but no lesions were noticed 2 d postexposure. Gills of fish exposed to three and five times the therapeutic dose had extensive hyperplasia, epithelial hypertrophy and necrosis, lamellar fusion, spongiosis, leukocytic infiltration, obliteration of the interlamellar space with an inflammatory exudate containing necrotic epithelial cells, and occasional multifocal hemorrhages. No mortalities were observed in fish not exposed (control) or in fish exposed to the therapeutic dose of KMnO[sub]4. Mortalities were only observed in fish exposed to three and five times the therapeutic dose of KMnO[sub]4 (9.4% and 49.6%, respectively) with most of these mortalities occurring from exposure to 2 d postexposure. The gills of surviving fish exposed to three and five times the therapeutic dose for 36 h appeared normal at 8 d postexposure. Neutrophil count and plasma alanine transaminase activity increased significantly in fish exposed to five times the therapeutic dose; lactate dehydrogenase activity showed no change. Exposure to the therapeutic dose at three times the therapeutic exposure time caused mild lesions but recovery occurred within 48 h postexposure. JF - Journal of Aquatic Animal Health AU - Darwish, A M AU - Griffin, B R AU - Straus, D L AU - Mitchell, A J AD - Harry K. Dupree-Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Post Office Box 1050, Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 134 EP - 144 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0899-7659, 0899-7659 KW - Channel catfish KW - Graceful catfish KW - kidneys KW - liver KW - potassium permanganate KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Protozoan diseases KW - Therapy KW - Disease control KW - Potassium compounds KW - Histopathology KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Haematology KW - Parasite control KW - Histology KW - Hematology KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Drugs KW - Gills KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - X 24111:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18704970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.atitle=Histological+and+Hematological+Evaluation+of+Potassium+Permanganate+Exposure+in+Channel+Catfish&rft.au=Darwish%2C+A+M%3BGriffin%2C+B+R%3BStraus%2C+D+L%3BMitchell%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Darwish&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Animal+Health&rft.issn=08997659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Parasite control; Protozoan diseases; Disease control; Therapy; Histopathology; Potassium compounds; Enzymatic activity; Drugs; Gills; Haematology; Histology; Hematology; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Can we manage tropical landscapes? - an answer from the Caribbean perspective AN - 18688403; 5575792 AB - Humans have used Caribbean island landscapes for millennia. The conversion of wild lands to built-up lands or to agricultural lands in these tropical countries follows predictable patterns. Conversion of moist forest life zones and fertile flatlands is faster than conversion of wet and rain forest life zones and low fertility steep lands. In Puerto Rico, these trends are leading to increased built-up areas, environmental surprises, and increased dependence on external subsidies. Changes over the past 50 yr also include a reversal in deforestation and increase in forest patch size in spite of increasing human population density. Present forests have different species composition than the original ones but are indistinguishable in physiognomy and basic function. The reversal of deforestation and forest fragmentation trends, if accompanied by an understanding of the forces that cause the reversal, can result in the development of tools for landscape management. Tropical landscape management requires understanding and application of natural resilience mechanisms of ecosystems, greater use of ecological engineering approaches to infrastructure development, enforcement of zoning laws, enlightened economic development policies, and an understanding and agreement of a conservation vision among all sectors of society. Mixing species in new combinations to form new ecosystems is a necessary step in the development of future landscapes. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Lugo, A E AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, PO Box 25000, Rio Piedras, 00928-5000, Puerto Rico Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 601 EP - 615 VL - 17 IS - 7 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18688403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Can+we+manage+tropical+landscapes%3F+-+an+answer+from+the+Caribbean+perspective&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=601&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of four pesticides on the growth and metabolic activities of two photosynthetic algae AN - 18685788; 5581917 AB - The acute toxicity was determined for soil algae Chlorella kesslerei and Anabaena inaequalis, exposed to pesticides lindane, pentachlorophenol (PCP), isoproturon (IPU), and methyl parathion (MP). Toxicity markers included growth inhibition, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and total carbohydrate content, as a function of dose and time. Concentration response functions (EC sub(50)) were estimated by probit data transformation and weighted linear regression analyses. Lindane's toxicity to Chlorella increased sharply with time (EC sub(50) = 7490, 10.3, 0.09 mg L super(-1); 24, 48, 72 h), but remained nearly constant through 72 h with Anabaena (8.7-6.7 mg L super(-1); 24-72 h). PCP at low concentrations stimulated algal growth and chlorophyll a production, an effect reversed at higher doses. Anabaena was less tolerant of PCP and MP than was Chlorella. The 96-h static EC sub(50) values for Chlorella were: 0.003, 34, 0.05, and 291 mg L super(-1) for lindane, PCP, isoproturon, and MP, respectively; for Anabaena, these were 4.2, 0.13, 0.21, and 19 mg L super(-1). Carbohydrate production responses were similar to those of cell density (growth) and chlorophyll biosynthesis, with MP having the lowest adverse impact. The overall relative toxicity among the four tested pesticides was: for Chlorella, lindane > IPU >> PCP >> MP; and for Anabaena, PCP > IPU > lindane > MP. The results confirm that toxicants such as these pesticides may affect individual (though related) species to significantly different degrees. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Mostafa, FIY AU - Helling, C S AD - Plant Sciences Inst., Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, mostafaf@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 417 EP - 444 VL - B37 IS - 5 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - isoproturon KW - lindane KW - methyl parathion KW - pentachlorophenol KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Pollution Abstracts KW - K 03095:Soil KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18685788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Impact+of+four+pesticides+on+the+growth+and+metabolic+activities+of+two+photosynthetic+algae&rft.au=Mostafa%2C+FIY%3BHelling%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Mostafa&rft.aufirst=FIY&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=B37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FPFC-120014873 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PFC-120014873 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape-scale controls over 20th century fire occurrence in two large Rocky Mountain (USA) wilderness areas AN - 18681929; 5569142 AB - Topography, vegetation, and climate act together to determine the spatial patterns of fires at landscape scales. Knowledge of landscape-fire-climate relations at these broad scales (1,000s ha to 100,000s ha) is limited and is largely based on inferences and extrapolations from fire histories reconstructed from finer scales. In this study, we used long time series of fire perimeter data (fire atlases) and data for topography, vegetation, and climate to evaluate relationships between large 20th century fires and landscape characteristics in two contrasting areas: the 486,673-ha Gila/Aldo Leopold Wilderness Complex (GALWC) in New Mexico, USA, and the 785,090-ha Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Complex (SBWC) in Idaho and Montana, USA. There were important similarities and differences in gradients of topography, vegetation, and climate for areas with different fire frequencies, both within and between study areas. These unique and general relationships, when compared between study areas, highlight important characteristics of fire regimes in the Northern and Southern Rocky Mountains of the Western United States. Results suggest that amount and horizontal continuity of herbaceous fuels limit the frequency and spread of surface fires in the GALWC, while the moisture status of large fuels and crown fuels limits the frequency of moderate-to-high severity fires in the SBWC. These empirically described spatial and temporal relationships between fire, landscape attributes, and climate increase understanding of interactions among broad-scale ecosystem processes. Results also provide a historical baseline for fire management planning over broad spatial and temporal scales in each wilderness complex. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Rollins, M G AU - Morgan, P AU - Swetnam, T AD - USDA Forest Service, Fire Sciences Laboratory, 5775 Hwy 10 West, Missoula, MT 59807, USA, mrollins@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 539 EP - 557 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18681929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Landscape-scale+controls+over+20th+century+fire+occurrence+in+two+large+Rocky+Mountain+%28USA%29+wilderness+areas&rft.au=Rollins%2C+M+G%3BMorgan%2C+P%3BSwetnam%2C+T&rft.aulast=Rollins&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The fixation of molecular nitrogen by microbial cultures isolated from root nodules of Alnus incana (L.) Moench AN - 18679963; 5580464 AB - The root nodules of Alnus incana species were taken off in Nalepkovo village (Eastern Slovakia). The N sub(2)-fixing organisms isolated from root nodules have ability to enrich not only themselves, but the soil as well. By consecutive manipulation, the microbial cultures of Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms were achieved. The activity of Nitrogen fixation is about 45.516 mu MC sub(2)H sub(4).hour super(-1).g super(-1) C sub(bio) in average. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Viechova, Z AU - Kromka, M AD - Department of Pedology, Faculty of Natural Sciences UK, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, pedologia@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 341 EP - 344 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01051:Nitrogen cycle KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18679963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=The+fixation+of+molecular+nitrogen+by+microbial+cultures+isolated+from+root+nodules+of+Alnus+incana+%28L.%29+Moench&rft.au=Viechova%2C+Z%3BKromka%2C+M&rft.aulast=Viechova&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Milk containing Mycobacterium bovis as a source of infection for white-tailed deer fawns (Odocoileus virginianus) AN - 18652088; 5558837 AB - White-tailed deer represent the first wildlife reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis in the United States. The behavior of does with nursing fawns provides several potential mechanisms for disease transmission. Little information exists concerning transmission between doe and fawn, specifically transmammary transmission. Determine if fawns can become infected by ingestion of milk replacer containing M. bovis, thus simulating transmission from doe to fawn through contaminated milk. Seventeen, 21-day-old white-tailed deer fawns were inoculated orally with 2 x 10 super(8) CFU (high dose, n = 5), 2.5 x 10 super(5) to 2.5 x 10 super(6) CFU (medium dose, n = 5), and 1 x 10 super(4) CFU (low dose, n = 5) of M. bovis in milk replacer. Dosages were divided equally and fed daily over a 5-day period. Positive control fawns (n = 2) received 1 x 10 super(5) CFU of M. bovis instilled in the tonsillar crypts. Fawns were euthanized and examined 35-115 days after inoculation and various tissues collected for bacteriologic and microscopic analysis. All fawns in the tonsillar, high oral and medium oral dose groups developed generalized tuberculosis involving numerous organs and tissues by 35-84 days after inoculation. Three of five fawns in the low-dose oral group had tuberculous lesions in the mandibular lymph node, and one of five had lesions in the medial retropharyngeal lymph node when examined 115 days after inoculation. White-tailed deer fawns can become infected through oral exposure to M. bovis. Therefore, the potential exists for fawns to acquire M. bovis while nursing tuberculous does. JF - Tuberculosis AU - Palmer, M V AU - Waters, W R AU - Whipple, D L AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 2300 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA, mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 161 EP - 165 VL - 82 IS - 4-5 SN - 1472-9792, 1472-9792 KW - White-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02841:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18652088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tuberculosis&rft.atitle=Milk+containing+Mycobacterium+bovis+as+a+source+of+infection+for+white-tailed+deer+fawns+%28Odocoileus+virginianus%29&rft.au=Palmer%2C+M+V%3BWaters%2C+W+R%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tuberculosis&rft.issn=14729792&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial populations responsible for specific soil suppressiveness to plant pathogens AN - 18635985; 5531404 AB - Agricultural soils suppressive to soilborne plant pathogens occur worldwide, and for several of these soils the biological basis of suppressiveness has been described. Two classical types of suppressiveness are known. General suppression owes its activity to the total microbial biomass in soil and is not transferable between soils. Specific suppression owes its activity to the effects of individual or select groups of microorganisms and is transferable. The microbial basis of specific suppression to four diseases, Fusarium wilts, potato scab, apple replant disease, and take-all, is discussed. One of the best-described examples occurs in take-all decline soils. In Washington State, take-all decline results from the buildup of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce the antifungal metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. Producers of this metabolite may have a broader role in disease-suppressive soils worldwide. By coupling molecular technologies with traditional approaches used in plant pathology and microbiology, it is possible to dissect the microbial composition and complex interactions in suppressive soils. JF - Annual Review of Phytopathology AU - Weller, D M AU - Raaijmakers, J M AU - Gardener, BBM AU - Thomashow, L S AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Root Disease and Biological Control Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430, USA, wellerd@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 309 EP - 348 VL - 40 SN - 0066-4286, 0066-4286 KW - 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18635985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Microbial+populations+responsible+for+specific+soil+suppressiveness+to+plant+pathogens&rft.au=Weller%2C+D+M%3BRaaijmakers%2C+J+M%3BGardener%2C+BBM%3BThomashow%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=00664286&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Gray as biosorbent of heavy metals (Pb, Hg and Cd) AN - 18616375; 5524730 AB - We observed the biosorption of metals (Pb, Hg a Cd) by the mycelium of a microscopic fungi Trichoderma viride. The metals were added to the medium in soluble form (PbCl sub(2), HgCl sub(2), CdSO sub(4)) with concentrations of Pb sub(1), Hg sub(1), Cd sub(1) = 200 ppm; Pb sub(2), Hg sub(2), Cd sub(2) = 100 ppm; Pb sub(3), Hg sub(3), Cd sub(3) = 50 ppm. They were added to Sabouraud medium, with the starting value of pH = 4.5 plus or minus 0.05. The pH values of the medium increased by 3.7 to 4.29. The sorption of Pb varied between 50-60%. The smallest was the sorption of Hg from 1.4 to 7.22%. There is an unambigous correlation between the content of metal applied to the medium and its content in the mycelium which is visible only with Cd, where the sorption varied between 64.56-100%. The results from the accumulation of tested metals by the species Trichoderma viride from the medium suggests the possibility to use them as natural biosorbents of metals in various natural systems. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Simonovicova, A AU - Sevc, J AU - Iro, S AD - Department of Soil Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina B2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, asimonovicova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 298 EP - 306 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - biosorption KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18616375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Trichoderma+viride+Pers.+ex+Gray+as+biosorbent+of+heavy+metals+%28Pb%2C+Hg+and+Cd%29&rft.au=Simonovicova%2C+A%3BSevc%2C+J%3BIro%2C+S&rft.aulast=Simonovicova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thrips (Thysanoptera) in nests of birds and mammals in Slovakia AN - 18606129; 5524728 AB - Nests of birds and mammals provide ecological conditions for a rich and diverse invertebrate nidofauna. Although there are a lot of acarological and entomological studies dealing with nests, thrips have not been intensively observed yet. Therefore our research on 252 vertebrate nests according to 38 bird and 5 mammal species in Slovakia, positive in thrips, has brought original and interesting information into an untraditional field of the thysanopterology. 1,135 thrips of 38 species and Thripidae and Phlaeothripidae families were recorded in the study material. Limothrips denticornis (Haliday, 1836) (35.96 %), Chirothrips manicatus (Haliday, 1836) (14.09 %) and Thrips viminalis (Uzel, 1895) (9.60 %) were the most dominant thrips. We also determined 2 new species for the fauna of Slovakia here: Cryptaplothrips famelicus (Priesner, 1926) and Limothrips angulicornis (Jablonowski, 1894). The highest value of an occurrence frequency (41.7 %) was recorded in nests around water or even right on a water level (Acrocephalus arundinaceus, Acrocephalus palustris, Anas platyrhynchos). Because thrips don't form a typical nidicole fauna, respectively they are not nest parasites, their occurrence in the nest material probably and mainly corresponds with a passive transport on straws of various plants representing a material to build a nest. However, an active transport of mobile species can not be excluded. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Pelikan, J AU - Fedor, P J AU - Krumpal, M AU - Cyprich, D AD - Department of Ecosozology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia, fedor@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 275 EP - 282 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Aves KW - Eurasian Reed-Warbler KW - Mallard KW - Mammalia KW - Marsh Warbler KW - Reed Warbler KW - Thysanoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Z 05202:Parasitism: non-entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18606129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Thrips+%28Thysanoptera%29+in+nests+of+birds+and+mammals+in+Slovakia&rft.au=Pelikan%2C+J%3BFedor%2C+P+J%3BKrumpal%2C+M%3BCyprich%2C+D&rft.aulast=Pelikan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Animal attendance at coyote trap sites in Texas AN - 18602958; 5476049 AB - There is a need to develop alternative selective capture systems for coyotes (Canis latrans) and to generate information on the quantity and identity of species that visit locations where coyote traps are set. We used 24-hour video surveillance equipment to monitor coyote trap locations. We observed 564 visits by 20 vertebrate species during 2,822 hours of observation in 144 trap nights at 31 locations. Species other than coyotes were >16 times as likely to enter the area of observation (the trap area), but did not enter the area immediately proximal to the trap (the trap site) as frequently as coyotes. Current trap and lure systems may be more selective than published reports indicate because of the relatively higher abundance and activity of other species in areas where coyote traps are set. Coyotes and noncoyote species visited at different times of day; in the future, diurnally inactivated capture systems could mechanically exclude most noncoyote species and further increase capture-device selectivity. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Shivik, JA AU - Gruver, K S AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, john.shivik@usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 502 EP - 507 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Coyote KW - attendance at traps KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18602958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Animal+attendance+at+coyote+trap+sites+in+Texas&rft.au=Shivik%2C+JA%3BGruver%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Shivik&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=502&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of northern flying squirrels to supplementary dens AN - 18600542; 5476054 AB - The northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) is a keystone species in Pacific Northwest conifer forests, consuming and disseminating spores of ectomycorrhizal fungi essential to Pinaceae and preyed upon by different vertebrate predators. Increasing the numbers of flying squirrels has been suggested as part of a strategy to increase the population viability of the spotted owl (Strix occidentalis). Flying squirrel populations in second-growth forests have been hypothesized to be limited by 1) abundance of den sites, 2) quality, quantity, and diversity of food, and 3) predation. I conducted an experiment to test the null hypothesis that number and quality of dens did not affect flying squirrel population density. In 1992, I added nest boxes and tree cavities to 8 of 16 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands of various management histories in the Puget Trough of Washington. Flying squirrel use of boxes increased over 5 years, predominantly by pregnant and nursing females. Proportions of adult females breeding, however, did not increase. Population sizes did not increase significantly. Dens were not the overriding factor limiting flying squirrels in second-growth Douglas-fir forest in the Puget Trough of Washington. Rather, a complex of factors seemed to be operating, and limiting management focus to one or 2 factors may not produce desirable results. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Carey, AB AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, 3625 93rd Avenue SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA, acarey@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 547 EP - 556 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Northern flying squirrel KW - supplementary dens KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18600542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Response+of+northern+flying+squirrels+to+supplementary+dens&rft.au=Carey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring black-tailed prairie dog colonies with high-resolution satellite imagery AN - 18599888; 5475005 AB - The United States Fish and Wildlife Service has determined that the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) warrants listing as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. Central to any conservation planning for the black-tailed prairie dog is an appropriate detection and monitoring technique. Because coarse-resolution satellite imagery is not adequate to detect black-tailed prairie dog colonies, we examined the usefulness of recently available high-resolution (1-m) satellite imagery. In 6 purchased scenes of national grasslands, we were easily able to visually detect small and large colonies without using image-processing algorithms. The Ikonos (Space Imaging super(TM)) satellite imagery was as adequate as large-scale aerial photography to delineate colonies. Based on the high quality of imagery, we discuss a possible monitoring program for black-tailed prairie dog colonies throughout the Great Plains, using the species' distribution in North Dakota as an example. Monitoring plots could be established and imagery acquired periodically to track the expansion and contraction of colonies. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Sidle, J G AU - Johnson, D H AU - Euliss, B R AU - Tooze, M AD - United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Great Plains National Grasslands, 125 N Main Street, Chadron, NE 69337, USA, jsidle@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 405 EP - 411 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Black-tailed prairie dog KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18599888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Monitoring+black-tailed+prairie+dog+colonies+with+high-resolution+satellite+imagery&rft.au=Sidle%2C+J+G%3BJohnson%2C+D+H%3BEuliss%2C+B+R%3BTooze%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sidle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of the double-crested cormorant population on Lake Ontario AN - 18598366; 5474998 AB - After nearly 30 years of recolonization and expansion across North America, the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) occupies the role of a perceived and, in some situations, realized threat to fish stocks and other resources. However, population data necessary to plan, defend, and implement management of this species are few. Our purpose was to gain insight into the relative contribution of various population parameters to the overall rate of population growth and identify data needs critical to improving our understanding of the dynamics of double-crested cormorant populations. We demonstrated the construction of a biologically reasonable representation of cormorant population growth on Lake Ontario (1979-2000) by referencing literature values for fertility, age at first breeding, and survival. These parameters were incorporated into a deterministic stage-classified matrix model. By calculating the elasticity of matrix elements (i.e., stage-specific fertility and survival), we found that cormorant population growth on Lake Ontario was most sensitive to survival of birds about to turn age 3 and older. Finally, we demonstrated how this information could be used to evaluate management scenarios and direct future research by simulating potential environmental effects on fertility and survival, as well as a 5-year egg-oiling program. We also demonstrated that survival of older birds exerts more effective population control than changes in fertility. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Blackwell, B F AU - Stapanian, MA AU - Weseloh, DVC AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA, bradley.f.Blackwell@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002///0, PY - 2002 DA - 0, 2002 SP - 345 EP - 353 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 30 IS - 2 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Double-crested cormorant KW - North America, Ontario L. KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Fertility KW - Recolonization KW - Survival KW - Phalacrocorax auritus KW - Population dynamics KW - Freshwater fish KW - Ecology KW - Food Chains KW - Lakes KW - Population control KW - Ecosystem management KW - Birds KW - Aquatic birds KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04671:Birds KW - SW 0850:Lakes KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18598366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+the+double-crested+cormorant+population+on+Lake+Ontario&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+B+F%3BStapanian%2C+MA%3BWeseloh%2C+DVC&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population control; Fertility; Lakes; Ecosystem management; Survival; Freshwater fish; Population dynamics; Aquatic birds; Recolonization; Ecology; Food Chains; Birds; Phalacrocorax auritus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms of natural soil suppressiveness to soilborne diseases AN - 18592639; 5461805 AB - Suppressive soils are characterized by a very low level of disease development even though a virulent pathogen and susceptible host are present. Biotic and abiotic elements of the soil environment contribute to suppressiveness, however most defined systems have identified biological elements as primary factors in disease suppression. Many soils possess similarities with regard to microorganisms involved in disease suppression, while other attributes are unique to specific pathogen-suppressive soil systems. The organisms operative in pathogen suppression do so via diverse mechanisms including competition for nutrients, antibiosis and induction of host resistance. Non-pathogenic Fusarium spp. and fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. play a critical role in naturally occurring soils that are suppressive to Fusarium wilt. Suppression of take-all of wheat, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, is induced in soil after continuous wheat monoculture and is attributed, in part, to selection of fluorescent pseudomonads with capacity to produce the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. Cultivation of orchard soils with specific wheat varieties induces suppressiveness to Rhizoctonia root rot of apple caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 5. Wheat cultivars that stimulate disease suppression enhance populations of specific fluorescent pseudomonad genotypes with antagonistic activity toward this pathogen. Methods that transform resident microbial communities in a manner which induces natural soil suppressiveness have potential as components of environmentally sustainable systems for management of soilborne plant pathogens. JF - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek AU - Mazzola, M AD - Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 557 EP - 564 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 81 IS - 1-4 SN - 0003-6072, 0003-6072 KW - 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18592639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+natural+soil+suppressiveness+to+soilborne+diseases&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.issn=00036072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defined competitive exclusion cultures in the prevention of enteropathogen colonisation in poultry and swine AN - 18491607; 5461797 AB - A competitive exclusion culture (CE) containing a mixture of 29 different bacterial isolates obtained from the cecae of broiler chickens was developed utilizing continuous-flow culture techniques. This culture (CF3) has been efficacious in controlling gut colonization by enteropathogens in both experimentally infected broilers and under commercial field conditions. In day-old broiler chicks provided CF3, and challenged with 10,000 CFU Salmonella typhimurium greater than a 99% reduction in Salmonella cecal colonization levels was observed compared to control chicks. Similarly, CF3 has also been shown to protect experimentally infected broiler chicks from cecal colonization by S. enteritidis (Phage types 4 and 13), S. gallinarum, Listeria Monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. A commercial product was developed from CF3 and is sold under the tradename PREEMPT registered . In a Food and Drug Administration approved, double blinded, pivotal field trial, chicks treated with PREEMPTT registered had significantly fewer salmonellae than untreated chicks at end-of-growout. This product is the first of its kind available to the U.S. poultry industry. Using similar technology a product has also been developed that decreases shedding of salmonellae in neonate and weaned pigs, and also has been shown to reduce mortality associated with enteropathogens in young pigs both in the laboratory and in a commercial swine herd. JF - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek AU - Nisbet, D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 481 EP - 486 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 81 IS - 1-4 SN - 0003-6072, 0003-6072 KW - PREEMPT registered KW - chickens KW - pigs KW - probiotics KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02841:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18491607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.atitle=Defined+competitive+exclusion+cultures+in+the+prevention+of+enteropathogen+colonisation+in+poultry+and+swine&rft.au=Nisbet%2C+D&rft.aulast=Nisbet&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.issn=00036072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pricing irrigation water: a review of theory and practice AN - 18479798; 5451746 AB - Increasing economic pressures on water resources are causing countries to (re)consider various mechanisms to improve water use efficiency. This is especially true for irrigation agriculture, a major consumer of water. "Getting prices right" is seen as one way to allocate water, but how to accomplish this remains a debatable issue. Methods of allocating water are sensitive to physical, social, institutional and political settings, making it necessary to design allocation mechanisms accordingly. This paper surveys current and past views on allocating irrigation water with a focus on efficiency, equity, water institutions, and the political economy of water allocation. JF - Water Policy AU - Johansson, R C AU - Tsur, Y AU - Roe, T L AU - Doukkali, R AU - Dinar, A AD - USDA-ERS, 1800 M Street NW, Suite 4015-S, Washington, DC 20036, USA, rjohanss@email.ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 173 EP - 199 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1366-7017, 1366-7017 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 4030:Cost allocation, cost sharing, pricing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18479798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Policy&rft.atitle=Pricing+irrigation+water%3A+a+review+of+theory+and+practice&rft.au=Johansson%2C+R+C%3BTsur%2C+Y%3BRoe%2C+T+L%3BDoukkali%2C+R%3BDinar%2C+A&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Policy&rft.issn=13667017&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Second inter-laboratory study comparing endotoxin assay results from cotton dust AN - 18467209; 5435839 AB - Previously, a large two-part inter-laboratory round robin endotoxin assay study was completed. This first study showed that when cotton dust samples, which are practically identical, are assayed for endotoxin that the intra-laboratory results had a very small variation while intra-laboratory results of the sample had a very high variation. In the first part of the study, each laboratory followed its own in-house assay protocol; but in the second part of the study, when the extraction protocol was standardized, the inter-laboratory results showed a lower variation, which suggested that with further standardization, further reduction of differences between laboratories might be achieved in order that results between laboratories would become more comparable. The results stimulated interest in extending the study to include cotton dust with two levels of endotoxin, standardization of the extraction protocol, and using the same assay kit from the same production lot. The results of this second round robin endotoxin assay study indicate that differences between laboratories are still high, but most of the laboratories could discern the cotton dusts with the different levels of endotoxin. JF - Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine AU - Chun, DTW AU - Chew, V AU - Bartlett, K AU - Gordon, T AU - Jacobs, R R AU - Larsson, B-M AU - Lewis, D M AU - Liesivuori, J AU - Michel, O AU - Rylander, R AU - Thorne, P S AU - White, E M AU - Gunn, V C AU - Wuertz, H AD - Cotton Quality Research Station, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 792, Clemson, SC 29633, USA, dtwchun@mindspring.com Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 49 EP - 53 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1232-1966, 1232-1966 KW - cotton dust KW - methodology KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18467209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Agricultural+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Second+inter-laboratory+study+comparing+endotoxin+assay+results+from+cotton+dust&rft.au=Chun%2C+DTW%3BChew%2C+V%3BBartlett%2C+K%3BGordon%2C+T%3BJacobs%2C+R+R%3BLarsson%2C+B-M%3BLewis%2C+D+M%3BLiesivuori%2C+J%3BMichel%2C+O%3BRylander%2C+R%3BThorne%2C+P+S%3BWhite%2C+E+M%3BGunn%2C+V+C%3BWuertz%2C+H&rft.aulast=Chun&rft.aufirst=DTW&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Agricultural+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=12321966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of application of nontoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus on subsequent aflatoxin contamination of peanuts in storage AN - 18452567; 5426467 AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the potential for biological control of aflatoxin contamination of peanuts during storage. Florunner peanuts were treated in field plots by applying competitive, nontoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, at 76 and 67 days after planting in 1998 and 1999, respectively. After harvest, half the peanuts from both treated and control plots were sprayed with an aqueous conidial suspension containing the nontoxigenic strains; the other half of the peanuts from each group were not sprayed. The peanuts were then placed in separate compartments of a miniature warehouse. Therefore, storage treatments consisted of peanuts that were (1) not treated at all; (2) treated prior to storage only; (3) field-treated only; (4) treated both in the field and prior to storage. Peanuts were stored for 3-5 months under high temperature and relative humidity conditions designed to promote aflatoxin contamination. In 1998, peanuts were not contaminated with aflatoxins prior to storage. After storage, peanuts that were never treated with the competitive fungi contained an average of 78.0 ppb of aflatoxins. Peanuts not treated in the field but receiving the spray treatment before storage contained 48.8 ppb. Peanuts treated in the field only averaged 1.4 ppb, and peanuts treated both in the field and prior to storage contained 0.8 ppb. In 1999, peanuts suffered from late-season drought and were contaminated with aflatoxins at harvest, with controls averaging 516.8 ppb compared with 54.1 ppb in treated peanuts. After storage, non-field-treated peanuts averaged 9145.1 ppb compared with 374.2 ppb for peanuts that had been field-treated, a 95.9% reduction. Spraying of pods with the nontoxigenic strains postharvest but prior to storage provided no additional protection against aflatoxin contamination. Results demonstrated that field application of the nontoxigenic strains had a carry-over effect and reduced aflatoxin contamination that occurred in storage. JF - Journal of Stored Products Research AU - Dorner, J W AU - Cole, R J AD - USDA, ARS, National Peanut Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 509, Dawson, GA 31742, USA, jdorner@nprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 329 EP - 339 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0022-474X, 0022-474X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18452567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Stored+Products+Research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+application+of+nontoxigenic+strains+of+Aspergillus+flavus+and+A.+parasiticus+on+subsequent+aflatoxin+contamination+of+peanuts+in+storage&rft.au=Dorner%2C+J+W%3BCole%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Dorner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Stored+Products+Research&rft.issn=0022474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycorrhizal weathering of apatite as an important calcium source in base-poor forest ecosystems AN - 1844923127; 2016-099807 AB - The biogeochemistry of Ca is reported for a mixed conifer/hardwood forest in New Hampshire, USA. The main minerals containing Ca in soil parent material are plagioclase, K-feldspar, hornblende, pyroxene and apatite. Ca in stream water is derived from the atmosphere (30%), silicate minerals (35%) and apatite (35%). From analyses of Ca, Sr and Sr isotope ratios in soils, vegetation and hydrological pools, it is shown that Ca from the dissolution of apatite is comparable to the other Ca inputs, and can compensate for some Ca lost from base-poor ecosystems. JF - Nature (London) AU - Blum, Joel D AU - Klaue, Andrea AU - Nezat, Carmen A AU - Driscoll, Charles T AU - Johnson, Chris E AU - Siccama, Thomas G AU - Eagar, Christopher AU - Fahey, Timothy J AU - Likens, Gene E Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 729 EP - 731 PB - Macmillan Journals, London VL - 417 IS - 6890 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - calcium KW - ecosystems KW - New Hampshire KW - fungi KW - New England KW - framework silicates KW - mycorrhizae KW - forests KW - apatite KW - alkaline earth metals KW - plagioclase KW - Hubbard Brook experimental forest KW - Eastern U.S. KW - phosphates KW - migration of elements KW - weathering KW - biogenic processes KW - metals KW - streams KW - feldspar group KW - aquatic environment KW - strontium KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1844923127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+%28London%29&rft.atitle=Mycorrhizal+weathering+of+apatite+as+an+important+calcium+source+in+base-poor+forest+ecosystems&rft.au=Blum%2C+Joel+D%3BKlaue%2C+Andrea%3BNezat%2C+Carmen+A%3BDriscoll%2C+Charles+T%3BJohnson%2C+Chris+E%3BSiccama%2C+Thomas+G%3BEagar%2C+Christopher%3BFahey%2C+Timothy+J%3BLikens%2C+Gene+E&rft.aulast=Blum&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=417&rft.issue=6890&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+%28London%29&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature00793 L2 - http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-01 N1 - CODEN - NATUAS N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkaline earth metals; apatite; aquatic environment; biogenic processes; calcium; Eastern U.S.; ecosystems; feldspar group; forests; framework silicates; fungi; Hubbard Brook experimental forest; metals; migration of elements; mycorrhizae; New England; New Hampshire; phosphates; plagioclase; silicates; streams; strontium; United States; weathering DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature00793 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colony development, larval development and worker reproduction in Bombus impatiens Cresson AN - 18445118; 5421554 AB - In this study we describe colony development, larval development, worker reproduction and mating frequency of the queen in laboratory colonies of Bombus impatiens Cresson. Comparison of our observations with data from B. terrestris - the best studied bumblebee - revealed both similarities and dissimilarities between the two. Colonies of B. impatiens have a high number of workers (374.5 plus or minus 108), but relatively low number of young queens (9.4 plus or minus 20) and males (8.9 plus or minus 20). As in B. terrestris, size differences between the castes in B. impatiens were pronounced and became conspicuous as differences in the molting weight of the larvae, starting at the second instar. Workers are able to lay eggs and about 9% of the workers in old colonies had mature oocytes in their ovaries. Despite this, workers were almost never observed to lay eggs in the presence of the queen, and the "competition phase" which is known from B. terrestris was never observed. Mating frequency of the queen was examined using molecular techniques. Two out of ten queens had mated with 2 different males, suggesting some degree of polyandry in the population. JF - Insectes Sociaux AU - Cnaani, J AU - Schmid-Hempel, R AU - Schmidt, JO AD - USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, 2000 E. Allen Rd. Tucson, AZ 85719, USA, jcnaani@tucson.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 164 EP - 170 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0020-1812, 0020-1812 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - Y 25533:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18445118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insectes+Sociaux&rft.atitle=Colony+development%2C+larval+development+and+worker+reproduction+in+Bombus+impatiens+Cresson&rft.au=Cnaani%2C+J%3BSchmid-Hempel%2C+R%3BSchmidt%2C+JO&rft.aulast=Cnaani&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=164&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Insectes+Sociaux&rft.issn=00201812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - "The Parks Are Being Loved To Death" and Other Frauds and Deceits in Recreation Management AN - 18444143; 5418923 AB - Many common concepts in recreation and leisure research originate from the "interests" of four groups: users, legislators, managing agencies, and researchers. These interests, and their ties to social class, make frequently discussed concepts like overuse, business-like management for public agencies, benefits/values, and sustainability ontologically suspect. A functionalist approach is advocated as an alternative. Researchers need to be aware of the "political" context of research concepts to avoid pitfalls in their application. JF - Journal of Leisure Research AU - More, T A AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 705 Spear Street, South Burlington, VT 05403, USA, tmore@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 52 EP - 78 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2216, 0022-2216 KW - Physical Education Index KW - PE 140:Business, Marketing & Sports Equipment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18444143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Leisure+Research&rft.atitle=%22The+Parks+Are+Being+Loved+To+Death%22+and+Other+Frauds+and+Deceits+in+Recreation+Management&rft.au=More%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=More&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Leisure+Research&rft.issn=00222216&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of arthropod prey of red-cockaded woodpeckers on the boles of longleaf and loblolly pines AN - 18437397; 5412435 AB - Red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) forage on the boles of most southern pines. Woodpeckers may select trees based on arthropod availability; published studies have evaluated differences in arthropod abundance on different species of pines. We used knockdown insecticides to sample arthropods on longleaf (Pinus palustris) and loblolly pine (P. taeda) to determine which harbored the greater abundance of potential prey. Longleaf pine had significantly greater arthropod abundance (278 plus or minus 44.4 tree, P = 0.013) and biomass (945 plus or minus 28 mg/tree, P = 0.007) than loblolly pine (182 plus or minus 13.2 tree and 395 plus or minus 28 mg/tree). Certain groups were found in significantly higher numbers on longleaf, including Thysanura (P = 0.0004), Hemiptera (P = 0.0209), and Pseudoscorpiones (P = 0.0277). Biomass of woodroaches (Blattaria: Blattellidae) also was greater on longleaf boles, but number of individuals did not differ significantly, suggesting that larger arthropods may prefer the bark structure of longleaf pine. We altered the bark surface of longleaf pine to determine whether bark structure may affect arthropods residing on a tree's bole. When the loose bark was removed by scraping, we recovered fewer arthropods from scraped than from unscraped control trees 8 weeks after scraping. We also lightly scraped the outer bark of both tree species and found that longleaf pine had significantly more loose, flaking bark scales than loblolly (P = 0.0012). These results suggest that bark structure and not the chemical nature of the bark is responsible for differences in arthropod abundance and biomass observed on the 2 tree species. Retaining or restoring longleaf pine in red-cockaded woodpecker habitats should increase arthropod availability for this endangered bird and other bark-foraging species. JF - Wildlife Society Bulletin AU - Horn, S AU - Hanula, J L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Athens, GA 30602, USA, shorn01@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 131 EP - 138 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0091-7648, 0091-7648 KW - Pines KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18437397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+arthropod+prey+of+red-cockaded+woodpeckers+on+the+boles+of+longleaf+and+loblolly+pines&rft.au=Horn%2C+S%3BHanula%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.issn=00917648&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of aflatoxin biosynthesis and sclerotial development in Aspergillus parasiticus AN - 18426384; 5404362 AB - Secondary metabolism in fungi is frequently associated with asexual and sexual development. Aspergillus parasiticus produces aflatoxins known to contaminate a variety of agricultural commodities. This strictly mitotic fungus, besides producing conidia asexually, produces sclerotia, structures resistant to harsh conditions and for propagation. Sclerotia are considered to be derived from the sexual structure, cleistothecia, and may represent a vestige of ascospore production. Introduction of the aflatoxin pathway-specific regulatory gene, aflR, and aflJ, which encoded a putative co-activator, into an O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST)-accumulating strain, A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, resulted in elevated levels of accumulation of major aflatoxin precursors, including norsolorinic acid (NOR), averantin (AVN), versicolorin A (VERA) and OMST. The total amount of these aflatoxin precursors, NOR, VERA, AVN and OMST, produced by the aflR plus aflJ transformants was two to three-fold that produced by the aflR transformants. This increase indicated a synergistic effect of aflR and aflJ on the synthesis of aflatoxin precursors. Increased production of the aflatoxin precursors was associated with progressive decrease in sclerotial size, alteration in sclerotial shape and weakening in the sclerotial structure of the transformants. The results showed that sclerotial development and aflatoxin biosynthesis are closely related. We proposed that competition for a common substrate, such as acetate, by the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway could adversely affect sclerotial development in A. parasiticus. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Chang, P-K AU - Bennett, J W AU - Cotty, P J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 41 EP - 48 VL - 153 IS - 1 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - aflJ gene KW - aflR gene KW - biosynthesis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18426384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Association+of+aflatoxin+biosynthesis+and+sclerotial+development+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus&rft.au=Chang%2C+P-K%3BBennett%2C+J+W%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=P-K&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic diversity, mating system, and conservation of a Mexican subalpine relict, Picea mexicana Martinez AN - 18419898; 5402445 AB - Mexican spruce (Picea mexicana Martinez), an endangered species of the highest sky islands in Mexico's Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental, is threatened by fire, grazing, and global warming. Its conservation depends on whether it also is threatened by inbreeding and loss of genic diversity. We used 18 isozyme markers in 12 enzyme systems to assay genic diversity, characterize the mating system, and test for recent bottlenecks in three known populations. Unbiased, expected heterozygosity (H sub(e)) averaged 0.125. Despite a separation of 676 km between populations in the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra Madre Occidental, Wright's F sub(ST), the proportion of total genic diversity among populations, was only 6.9%. Nei's genetic distance was 0.001 between the populations in the Sierra Madre Oriental and more than an order of magnitude greater, 0.019, between the Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental. However, both values point to relatively recent divergence. Mating systems were predominantly outcrossing, but with significant selfing. Multilocus estimates of selfing varied from 19% to 41%, and the means of single-locus estimates were higher, suggesting that additional inbreeding occurred by mating among relatives. Despite significant inbreeding, observed heterozygosity was as high as or higher than H sub(e); Wright's fixation index, F sub(IS), was -0.107. Under the observed level of selfing, positive values of F sub(IS) were expected. Therefore, selection against inbreds and homozygotes must be intense. Cornuet-Luikart tests indicate recent bottlenecks in at least two of the three populations. The results suggest that Mexican spruce is a genetically viable species, and threats are primarily environmental. JF - Conservation Genetics AU - Ledig, F T AU - Hodgskiss, P D AU - Jacob-Cervantes, V AD - Institute of Forest Genetics, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2480 Carson Road, Placerville, CA 95667 USA, tledig@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 113 EP - 122 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1566-0621, 1566-0621 KW - Mexican Spruce KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07350:Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - G 07290:Population genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18419898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Genetics&rft.atitle=Genetic+diversity%2C+mating+system%2C+and+conservation+of+a+Mexican+subalpine+relict%2C+Picea+mexicana+Martinez&rft.au=Ledig%2C+F+T%3BHodgskiss%2C+P+D%3BJacob-Cervantes%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ledig&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Genetics&rft.issn=15660621&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lasers as nonlethal avian repellents AN - 18409326; 5395898 AB - Lasers have been demonstrated to be potentially effective avian repellents; however, studies combining adequate controls and replication that test such applications of lasers in wildlife management have not been reported. We conducted 2-choice cage tests to quantify the effectiveness of a 10-mW, continuous-wave, 633-nm laser as a visual repellent (treating a perch) against brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), and a 68-mW, continuous-wave, 650-nm laser in dispersing (i.e., targeting birds with the laser) starlings and rock doves (Columba livia) from perches and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) from grass plots. All experiments were conducted under low ambient light ( less than or equal to 3 lx) conditions. In 3 experiments with stationary and moving laser beams treating a randomly selected perch, brown-headed cowbirds were not repelled. Similarly, a moving beam did not repel European starlings from treated perches or cause them to disperse when targeted. Rock doves exhibited avoidance behavior only during the first 5 min of 6 80-min dispersal periods. Notably, 6 groups of geese (4 birds/group) exhibited marked avoidance of the beam during 20-min periods (n = 23), with a mean 96% of birds dispersed from laser-treated plots. Six groups of mallards (6 birds/group) also were dispersed ( super(-) sub(x) = 57%) from treated plots during 20-min periods (n = 12), but habituated to the beam after approximately 20 min. We contend that lasers will prove useful as avian repellents, but further controlled studies are needed to evaluate species-specific responses relative to laser power, beam type, wavelength, light conditions, and captive versus field scenarios. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Blackwell, B F AU - Bernhardt, GE AU - Dolbeer, R A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA, bradley.f.Blackwell@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 250 EP - 258 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Brown-headed cowbird KW - Canada goose KW - European starling KW - Mallard KW - Rock dove KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18409326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Lasers+as+nonlethal+avian+repellents&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+B+F%3BBernhardt%2C+GE%3BDolbeer%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting predation at songbird nests in old fields AN - 18408996; 5395897 AB - We determined the effects of microhabitat year, weather, time of season, stage of the nesting cycle, and brood parasitism on nest predation from a 7-year dataset on field sparrows (Spizella pusilla) and indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea) in central Missouri, USA. Year, site, and the interaction of species and 2-week interval of the season were important factors explaining nest predation. The only microhabitat variable that consistently explained predation was nest height: nests over 3 m high almost always fledged. Validation of the model parameters on an independent set of nests resulted in proper categorization (e.g., lost or not lost to predation) of 61.5% of nests. In models testing weather and temporal effects, year was related to daily survival for indigo buntings, and 2-week interval of the season explained daily survival for both species. Nest predation was higher overall in the nestling stage than in the incubation stage for indigo buntings, and indigo buntings parasitized by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) experienced higher predation than nonparasitized buntings. Temporal patterns within the breeding season were consistent between years, and between-year variance appeared to be important, whereas microhabitat was generally unimportant. Research on the mechanisms underlying temporal variability in nest mortality due to predation may identify management options to reduce nest predation. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Burhans, DE AU - Dearborn, D AU - Thompson AU - Faaborg, J AD - North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 202 Natural Resources Building, University a Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA, burhansd@missouri.edu Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 240 EP - 249 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Field sparrow KW - Indigo bunting KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18408996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+predation+at+songbird+nests+in+old+fields&rft.au=Burhans%2C+DE%3BDearborn%2C+D%3BThompson%3BFaaborg%2C+J&rft.aulast=Burhans&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foraging ecology and depredation management of great blue herons at Mississippi catfish farms AN - 18407258; 5395889 AB - Great blue herons (Ardea herodias) occur at high densities at catfish farms in the southern United States. They are perceived by farmers to prey heavily on fish stocks. After a field study at selected catfish farms in Mississippi, we describe (1) the pond conditions where great blue herons intensively foraged, (2) the prevalence of disease in catfish that were captured by herons, and (3) predation rates and economic effects of herons among selected pond situations. Heron abundance was significantly associated with season and was greatest during the fall (Sep-Oct). We characterized catfish ponds as having high ( greater than or equal to 6 birds) or low ( less than or equal to 3 birds) foraging activity by herons and characterized pond type, disease prevalence, and water quality. Categorical models showed a significant association of` heron activity with disease prevalence in ponds (diseased) and fingerling ponds. Based on model parameters and associated odds ratios, high heron activity was 6.6 times greater at fingerling ponds than at food-fish ponds, and 40.1 times greater at diseased ponds than at those without diseased fish. This was presumably because fingerlings are a more desirable prey size, and disease makes catfish more vulnerable to heron predation. Based on pathology reports, 85% (n = 55) of the live catfish captured by herons from high-activity ponds were diseased, of which 76% were considered to have a terminal condition. In contrast, 75% (n = 63) of the catfish captured by herons congregated at ponds where catfish were being fed were diagnosed as healthy and only 3 (5%r) were considered to have a terminal condition. Although both disease and fish feeding bring catfish to the surface and increase their vulnerability to heron predation, we suggest that heron harassment efforts by farmers be focused during fish feeding when heron capture rates are the highest and the greatest predation on healthy catfish occurs. Based on heron foraging rates, average numbers of herons seen, and the duration of foraging activity, we estimated low expected heron predation losses at catfish ponds over time. Assuming that predation losses observed in this study are representative, we conclude that catfish predation losses from great blue herons are either insignificant or readily preventable. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Glahn, J F AU - Dorr, B AU - Harrel, J B AU - Khoo, L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, National Wildlife Research Center, P.O. Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, brian.s.dorr@usda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 194 EP - 201 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Bullhead catfishes KW - Great blue heron KW - North american freshwater catfishes KW - foraging ecology KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q3 01582:Fish culture KW - Y 25496:Birds KW - Q1 01582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18407258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Foraging+ecology+and+depredation+management+of+great+blue+herons+at+Mississippi+catfish+farms&rft.au=Glahn%2C+J+F%3BDorr%2C+B%3BHarrel%2C+J+B%3BKhoo%2C+L&rft.aulast=Glahn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of habitat characteristics on the probability of parasitism and predation of Bell's vireo nests AN - 18406522; 5395896 AB - Because habitat characteristics may influence rates of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and nest predation, we investigated the effects of nest-patch and habitat patch characteristics on brood parasitism and predation of Bell's vireo (Vireo bellii) nests in grassland-shrub habitats in central Missouri, U.SA. We developed multivariate logistic regression models explaining parasitism and predation from variables measured at l42 and 130 nests, respectively. We ranked models based on Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC sub(c)) and reported models that differed by < 1 AIC sub(c) unit from the minimum AIC sub(c) value as candidates for the best model. We identified 5 candidate models explaining parasitism that included 9-11 variables and R super(2) = 0.358-0.386. Nest-patch width, territory shrub cover, distance to crop field, site, year, site x territory shrub cover, nest height x side concealment, patch width x length, and habitat type x patch length were in all models. We identified 5 candidate models explaining predation with 3-5 variables and R super(2) = 0.165-0.199. Parasitism status, patch width, and patch length or patch length x site appeared in all models. Overall, our models provide support for hypotheses that increased nest concealment, amount of nest cover, and nest height affect on nest predation and parasitism. Nest-patch width was a factor in most models but in the opposite direction predicted by these hypotheses. Interactions among some variables also produced habitat and site-specific exceptions to predictions by these hypotheses. We hypothesize that the best overall method to increase nest success in existing grassland shrub habitats is to increase the density of large shrub patches. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Budnik, J M AU - Thompson, III AU - Ryan, M R AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 202 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA, frthompson@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 232 EP - 239 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Bell's vireo KW - Brown-headed cowbird KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18406522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Effect+of+habitat+characteristics+on+the+probability+of+parasitism+and+predation+of+Bell%27s+vireo+nests&rft.au=Budnik%2C+J+M%3BThompson%2C+III%3BRyan%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Budnik&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large-scale translocation strategies for reintroducing red-cockaded woodpeckers AN - 18406212; 5395891 AB - Translocation of wild birds is a potential conservation strategy for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis). We developed and tested 8 large-scale translocation strategy models for a regional red-cockaded woodpecker reintroduction program. The purpose of the reintroduction program is to increase the number of red-cockaded woodpeckers by moving subadult birds from large populations to smaller populations that are unlikely to increase on their own. A major problem in implementing the program is determining where birds will be moved because the larger donor populations cannot supply enough birds for all small recipient populations each year. Our goals were to develop translocation strategies and model which ones would (1) result in the most groups of woodpeckers in a given amount of time, (2) most quickly reach the goal of at least 30 groups of woodpeckers in every population, and (3) result in the fewest population extinctions. We developed lump-sum strategies that moved all the translocated birds to 1 population each year; and partitioning strategies that divided the birds among several populations every year. In our simulations, the lump-sum strategies resulted in the most woodpeckers for the overall program and the highest number of population extinctions. Partitioning strategies had the lowest population extinction rate but produced the lowest rate of increase in the number of woodpecker groups. The model that partitioned birds to the 6 largest recipient populations with fewer than 30 groups was the best overall strategy for meeting our goals because it reached 30 groups in every population the vastest, produced many birds, and had only a moderate population extinction rate. We suggest that adhering to a single strategy that meets the goals of the participants should simplify the program and reduce its cost. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Saenz, D AU - Baum, KA AU - Conner, R N AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Costa, R AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Laboratory, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA, c_saenzd@titan.sfasu.edu Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 212 EP - 221 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18406212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Large-scale+translocation+strategies+for+reintroducing+red-cockaded+woodpeckers&rft.au=Saenz%2C+D%3BBaum%2C+KA%3BConner%2C+R+N%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BCosta%2C+R&rft.aulast=Saenz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental method to quantify progressive stages of decay of wood by basidiomycete fungi AN - 18389362; 5381941 AB - A biological exposure method was developed that allows wood samples to be progressively removed for monitoring colonization and decay by basidiomycete fungi. Monitoring involves strength tests, determination of weight loss, and chemical analysis. To optimize the procedure, several variations of the method were tested using two species of brown-rot fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Oligoporus placentus (Postia placenta)) and one white-rot species (Trametes versicolor) against southern pine sapwood. The variations involved type of culture medium and exposure method. All variations enabled substantial and rapid decay. Specimens exposed to brown-rot fungi lost 80-100% strength and 25-40% weight after 12 weeks; the white-rot fungus was less effective, but nevertheless caused 20-40% loss in strength. For both brown- and white-rot fungi, strength loss exceeded weight loss. For brown-rot fungi, there was a direct relationship between strength loss and weight loss, suggesting a quantitative relationship between strength loss and chemical composition (hemicellulose sugars) during incipient decay of southern pine by these fungi. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Curling, S F AU - Clausen, CA AU - Winandy, JE AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA, jwinandy@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 13 EP - 19 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - hemicellulose sugars KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18389362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Experimental+method+to+quantify+progressive+stages+of+decay+of+wood+by+basidiomycete+fungi&rft.au=Curling%2C+S+F%3BClausen%2C+CA%3BWinandy%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Curling&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biolistic mediated site-specific integration in rice AN - 18375633; 5364864 AB - Cre-lox mediated site-specific integration in tobacco or Arabidopsis used polyethylene glycol or Agrobacterium, respectively, to deliver the integrating DNA. The polyethylene glycol method is inconvenient since it requires the use of protoplasts. The Agrobacterium method is inefficient as the single-stranded T-DNA is not a substrate for Cre-lox recombination. In this study, we tested the biolistic method for the site-specific insertion of DNA into the rice genome. Two target callus lines, each harboring a single genomic lox target, were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The target callus lines were subjected to a second round of transformation by particle bombardment with a construct designed to excise the plasmid backbone from the integrating DNA, followed by the recombination of the integrating DNA into the genomic lox target. Site-specific integration was obtained from both target callus lines. Three integrant plants were regenerated from one target line and were found to have a precise copy of the integrating DNA at the target site, although only one plant has the integrating DNA as the sole copy in the genome. Site-specific integration through the biolistic delivery of DNA can be considered for other plants that are transformable via particle bombardment. JF - Molecular Breeding AU - Srivastava, V AU - Ow, D W AD - Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, USA, and Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 345 EP - 349 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1380-3743, 1380-3743 KW - Rice KW - particle bombardment KW - polyethylene glycol KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07120:Recombinant DNA/Genetic engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18375633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Breeding&rft.atitle=Biolistic+mediated+site-specific+integration+in+rice&rft.au=Srivastava%2C+V%3BOw%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Srivastava&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Breeding&rft.issn=13803743&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosensor studies of the binding of extracellular matrix components with immobilized Escherichia coli O157:H7 and inhibition by polysulfated polysaccharides AN - 18372018; 5345744 AB - Binding interactions of immobilized E. coli O157:H7 with collagen I, fibronectin, laminin and glucoaminoglycans were studied utilizing a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. A model system was developed to evaluate the inhibition of collagen-laminin binding on the E. coli sensor surface with polysulfated polysaccharides such as heparan sulfate and carrageenans. Results showed that carrageenans inhibited 71-99% while heparan sulfate inhibited 39-41% of collagen/laminin binding to E. coli sensor surface. These studies allowed a rapid assessment of compounds for carcass treatment to inhibit or detach pathogens from meat and poultry. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Medina, M B AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, mmedina@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/01/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 01 SP - 77 EP - 84 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - binding KW - polysulfated polysaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - W2 32210:Immobilization KW - W4 230:Biosensors, Bioelectronics & Bioindicators KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18372018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Biosensor+studies+of+the+binding+of+extracellular+matrix+components+with+immobilized+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+inhibition+by+polysulfated+polysaccharides&rft.au=Medina%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterisation of water-extractable soil organic phosphorus by phosphatase hydrolysis AN - 18369106; 5342060 AB - Information on the chemical forms of organic phosphorus (P) in soil waters is fundamental to understanding the dynamics of soil organic P and its potential for transfer from soils to watercourses. Phosphatase enzymes were used to classify water-extractable molybdate-unreactive P (MUP) from five Australian pasture soils into compounds that could be hydrolysed by (i) alkaline phosphomonoesterase (comprising labile orthophosphate monoesters, such as sugar phosphates), (ii) a combination of phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (comprising labile orthophosphate monoesters and orthophosphate diesters, such as nucleic acids and phospholipids), and (iii) phytase (including inositol hexakisphosphate). The phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase preparations were specific to the target substrates, but the phytase preparation hydrolysed all ester-P bonds. Air drying of soils increased the amounts of water-extractable MUP from between 0.15 and 0.45 mu g P g super(-1) in extracts of moist soils to between 1.04 and 1.63 mu g P g super(-1) in extracts of dry soils. Only small amounts of the MUP were hydrolysed by phosphomonoesterase alone (mean 5.6%), whilst a combination of phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase hydrolysed much greater proportions (6-63%). This suggested the dominance of orthophosphate diesters in grassland soil solutions. The phytase preparation hydrolysed large proportions of MUP in extracts of dry soils (33-49%), suggesting the release of enzyme-hydrolysable inositol hexakisphosphate to water following the rapid rewetting of dry soils. The large proportions of MUP that remained unhydrolysed in all extracts probably consisted of microbial cell debris and high molecular weight P-containing compounds. The phosphatase technique is a simple and accurate method for determining functional classes of MUP in soil waters. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Turner, B L AU - McKelvie, I D AU - Haygarth, P M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793N-3600E, Kimberley, ID 83341, USA, bturner@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 27 EP - 35 VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18369106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Characterisation+of+water-extractable+soil+organic+phosphorus+by+phosphatase+hydrolysis&rft.au=Turner%2C+B+L%3BMcKelvie%2C+I+D%3BHaygarth%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recombinase-directed plant transformation for the post-genomic era AN - 18353877; 5309708 AB - Plant genomics promises to accelerate genetic discoveries for plant improvements. Machine-driven technologies are ushering in gene structural and expressional data at an unprecedented rate. Potential bottlenecks in this crop improvement process are steps involving plant transformation. With few exceptions, genetic transformation is an obligatory final step by which useful traits are engineered into plants. In addition, transgenesis is most often needed to confirm gene function, after deductions made through comparative genomics, expression profiles, and mutation analysis. This article reviews the use of recombinase systems to deliver DNA more efficiently into the plant genome. JF - Plant Molecular Biology AU - Ow, D W AD - Plant Gene Expression Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA and Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 183 EP - 200 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 48 IS - 1-2 SN - 0167-4412, 0167-4412 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Recombination KW - Gene transfer KW - Genetic engineering KW - Reviews KW - Plants KW - G 07349:General KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18353877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Recombinase-directed+plant+transformation+for+the+post-genomic+era&rft.au=Ow%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Ow&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=01674412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Genetic engineering; Recombination; Gene transfer; Transformation; Plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of prey distribution on the functional response of lizards AN - 18316841; 5357692 AB - We experimentally examined the effect of invertebrate prey distribution on the functional response of a vertebrate predator. We predicted how predator consumption of prey would change with prey distribution using a scale-dependent foraging model. This model predicted that prey consumption rate should decrease as a fixed density of resources becomes more dispersed in space as measured by its fractal dimension. The model incorporates an explicit description of the spatial distribution of prey into classical optimal foraging theory. We tested this prediction with foraging trials involving lizards feeding on grasshoppers in experimental arenas with a single grass species as vegetation cover. We manipulated grasshopper distribution associated with this grass by manipulating the distribution of vegetation in arenas to yield different fractal dimensions. Skinks foraging in arenas with a few large clumps of vegetation (low fractal dimension) captured significantly more prey at all prey densities than skinks foraging in arenas with many small clumps but not necessarily more evenly dispersed (high fractal dimension). These results support the predictions of the spatially dependent foraging model, and show that prey dispersion can strongly modify the predator functional response. JF - Oikos AU - Pitt, W C AU - Ritchie, ME AD - UMC 5295, USDA, APHIS, WS, NWRC Predator Ecology, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84321-5295, USA, ww@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 157 EP - 163 VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 0030-1299, 0030-1299 KW - Grasshoppers KW - lizards KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Foraging behavior KW - Spatial distribution KW - Sauria KW - Models KW - Acrididae KW - Prey KW - D 04670:Reptiles KW - Y 25494:Vertebrates (excluding fish, birds & mammals) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18316841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oikos&rft.atitle=Influence+of+prey+distribution+on+the+functional+response+of+lizards&rft.au=Pitt%2C+W+C%3BRitchie%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Pitt&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oikos&rft.issn=00301299&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Sauria; Prey; Models; Foraging behavior; Spatial distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Secondary forest succession in a tropical dry forest: patterns of development across a 50-year chronosequence in lowland Bolivia AN - 18315466; 5368054 AB - Stand structure, species richness and population structures of tree species were characterized in 12 stands representing 50 y of succession following slash-and-burn agriculture in a tropical dry forest in lowland Bolivia. Estimates of tree species richness, canopy cover and basal area reached or surpassed 75% of mature forest levels in the 5-, 8-, and 23-y-old stands respectively. Total stem density of the 50-y-old stand was almost twice that of the mature forest stand. This rapid recovery may be due to a high percentage of sprouting tree species, potentially high seed fall into abandoned fields, or the disturbance history of the mature stand. The even-aged size-class structures, dominance of long-lived pioneers, and presence of charcoal and pottery shards in soils of the mature forest stand suggest it formed after a severe disturbance, possibly fire of anthropogenic origin. JF - Journal of Tropical Ecology AU - Kennard, D K AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA 30602, USA Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 53 EP - 66 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0266-4674, 0266-4674 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Tropical environment KW - Stand structure KW - Dry forests KW - Succession KW - Species richness KW - Bolivia KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18315466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Secondary+forest+succession+in+a+tropical+dry+forest%3A+patterns+of+development+across+a+50-year+chronosequence+in+lowland+Bolivia&rft.au=Kennard%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Kennard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Tropical+Ecology&rft.issn=02664674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bolivia; Species richness; Stand structure; Succession; Dry forests; Tropical environment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with Preharvest Leaf Lettuce upon Exposure to Contaminated Irrigation Water AN - 18312713; 5368582 AB - Recent foodborne outbreaks have linked infection by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 to the consumption of contaminated lettuce. Contamination via food handler error and on-the-farm contamination are thought to be responsible for several outbreaks. Though recent studies have examined the application of EHEC to store-bought lettuce, little is known about the attachment of EHEC to growing plants. We investigated the association of lettuce seedlings with EHEC O157:H7 strains implicated in lettucue or fruit outbreaks using hydroponic and soil model systems. EHEC strains that express the green fluorescent protein were observed by stereomicroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine adherence patterns on growing lettuce seedlings. Bacteria adhered preferentially to plant roots in both model systems and to seed coats in the hydroponic system. Two of five nonpathogenic E. coli strains showed decreased adherence to seedling roots in the hydroponic system. EHEC was associated with plants in as few as 3 days in soil, and contamination levels were dose-dependent. EHEC levels associated with young plants inoculated with a low dose suggested that the bacteria had multiplied. These data suggest that preharvest crop contamination via contaminated irrigation water can occur through plant roots. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Wachtel, M R AU - Whitehand, L C AU - Mandrell, R E AD - Food Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 18 EP - 25 VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Lettuce KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Vegetables KW - Irrigation KW - Escherichia coli KW - Lactuca sativa KW - Food contamination KW - Water KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18312713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Association+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+with+Preharvest+Leaf+Lettuce+upon+Exposure+to+Contaminated+Irrigation+Water&rft.au=Wachtel%2C+M+R%3BWhitehand%2C+L+C%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Wachtel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Lactuca sativa; Vegetables; Food contamination; Water; Irrigation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence of an assembly pheromone in the black-legged deer tick, Ixodes scapularis AN - 18281353; 5335288 AB - The responses of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs and adults to extracts of cast larval skins were tested in a Petri dish bioassay. Assembly was elicited in nymphs and adults in the presence of skins, exudate from ticks, and filter paper exposed to ticks compared to untreated controls. Assembly was noted by 1 hr after exposure with little change between 1 and 24 hr. The assembly response increased in the presence of an increased number of skins. Similar assembly was elicited in nymphs and adults in the presence of cast larval skins and a saline (0.95% NaCl) skin extract. Methanol and hexane extracts were not attractive. When chemical standards were tested against nymphs, they responded to guanine, uric acid, hypoxanthine, xanthine, inosine, and hematin. Adults were tested against guanine, inosine, and xanthine, and all elicited significant assembly. Responses of nymphs increased significantly with increase in dose of uric acid and guanine. Responses of nymphs to a mixture of guanine, xanthine, and adenine (25:1:1 ratio) were similar to responses to cast skins. This study provides the first evidence of an assembly pheromone in I. scapularis. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Allan, SA AU - Sonenshine, DE AD - Department of Pathobiology, PO Box 110880, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0880, USA, sallan@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 15 EP - 28 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Deer tick KW - Ticks KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ixodidae KW - Aggregation pheromone KW - Ixodes scapularis KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Y 25652:Invertebrates (excluding insects) KW - R 18054:Others KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18281353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+an+assembly+pheromone+in+the+black-legged+deer+tick%2C+Ixodes+scapularis&rft.au=Allan%2C+SA%3BSonenshine%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Allan&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ixodes scapularis; Ixodidae; Aggregation pheromone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of the Structure of the AVR1-CO39 Avirulence Locus in Virulent Rice-Infecting Isolates of Magnaporthe grisea AN - 18279423; 5333682 AB - The AVR1-CO39 gene that came from a Magnaporthe grisea isolate from weeping lovegrass controls avirulence on the rice cultivar CO39. AVR1-CO39 was not present in the genome of the rice-infecting M. grisea isolate Guy11 from French Guyana, suggesting that the gene had been deleted. Molecular analysis of the deletion breakpoints in the AVR1-CO39 locus revealed the presence of a truncated copy of a previously unknown retrotransposon at the left-hand border. At the right-hand border was a truncated copy of another repetitive element that is present at multiple locations in the genome of Guy11. The structures of avr1-CO39 loci were further examined in 45 rice-infecting isolates collected in Brazil, China, Japan, India, Indonesia, Mali, and the Philippines. Most isolates showed no hybridization signal with the AVR1-CO39 probe and had the same locus structure as Guy11. Some isolates from Japan showed a signal with the AVR1-CO39 probe, but the region specifying avirulence activity was rearranged. These findings suggest that widespread virulence to `CO39' among rice-infecting M. grisea isolates is due to ancestral rearrangements at the AVR1-CO39 locus that may have occurred early in the evolution of pathogenicity to rice. JF - Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions AU - Farman, M L AU - Eto, Y AU - Nakao, T AU - Tosa, Y AU - Nakayashiki, H AU - Mayama, S AU - Leong, SA AD - Department of Plant Pathology and USDA-ARS Plant Disease Resistance Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA, sal@plantpath.wisc.edu Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 6 EP - 16 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - AVR1-CO39 gene KW - Rice KW - rice KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Genetics Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Magnaporthe grisea KW - Genomes KW - Plant diseases KW - Aquatic plants KW - Oryza sativa KW - Pathogens KW - Disease resistance KW - Virulence KW - Fungal diseases KW - Evolution KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - Q1 08205:Genetics and evolution KW - Q1 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - Q3 08587:Diseases of Cultured Organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18279423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+Structure+of+the+AVR1-CO39+Avirulence+Locus+in+Virulent+Rice-Infecting+Isolates+of+Magnaporthe+grisea&rft.au=Farman%2C+M+L%3BEto%2C+Y%3BNakao%2C+T%3BTosa%2C+Y%3BNakayashiki%2C+H%3BMayama%2C+S%3BLeong%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Farman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=6&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Plant-Microbe+Interactions&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Plant diseases; Aquatic plants; Disease resistance; Pathogens; Fungal diseases; Evolution; Virulence; Magnaporthe grisea; Oryza sativa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo volatile emissions from peanut plants induced by simultaneous fungal infection and insect damage AN - 18276951; 5335298 AB - Peanut plants, Arachis hypogaea, infected with white mold, Sclerotium rolfsii, emit a blend of organic compounds that differs both quantitatively and qualitatively from the blend emitted from plants damaged by beet armyworm (BAW; Spodoptera exigua) larvae or from uninfected, undamaged plants. Attack by BAW induced release of lipoxygenase products (hexenols, hexenals, and hexenyl esters), terpenoids, and indole. The plant-derived compound methyl salicylate and the fungal-derived compound 3-octanone were found only in headspace samples from white mold infected plants. White mold-infected plants exposed to BAW damage released all the volatiles emitted by healthy plants fed on by BAW in addition to those emitted in response to white mold infection alone. When BAW larvae were given a choice of feeding on leaves from healthy or white mold-infected plants, they consumed larger quantities of the leaves from infected plants. Exposure to commercially available (Z)-3 hexenyl acetate, linalool, and methyl salicylate, compounds emitted by white mold-infected plants, significantly reduced the growth of the white mold in solid-media cultures. Thus, emission of these compounds by infected plants may constitute a direct defense against this pathogen. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Cardoza, Y J AU - Alborn, H T AU - Tumlinson, J H AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA, jtumlinson@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 161 EP - 174 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Beet armyworm KW - Noctuid moths KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pest attack KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Noctuidae KW - Fungi KW - White mold KW - Sclerotium rolfsii KW - Herbivores KW - Volatiles KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Defense mechanisms KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - D 04637:Legumes KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18276951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=In+vivo+volatile+emissions+from+peanut+plants+induced+by+simultaneous+fungal+infection+and+insect+damage&rft.au=Cardoza%2C+Y+J%3BAlborn%2C+H+T%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Cardoza&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arachis hypogaea; Sclerotium rolfsii; Spodoptera exigua; Noctuidae; Volatiles; Fungi; Pest attack; Herbivores; Defense mechanisms; White mold ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hurricane impacts on US forest carbon sequestration AN - 18275821; 5327771 AB - Recent focus has been given to US forests as a sink for increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Current estimates of US forest carbon sequestration average approximately 20 Tg (i.e. 10 super(12) g) year. However, predictions of forest carbon sequestration often do not include the influence of hurricanes on forest carbon storage. Intense hurricanes occur two out of three years across the eastern US. A single storm can convert the equivalent of 10% of the total annual carbon sequestrated by US forests into dead and downed biomass. Given that forests require at least 15 years to recover from a severe storm, a large amount of forest carbon is lost either directly (through biomass destruction) or indirectly (through lost carbon sequestration capacity) due to hurricanes. Only 15% of the total carbon in destroyed timber is salvaged following a major hurricane. The remainder of the carbon is left to decompose and eventually return to the atmosphere. Short-term increases in forest productivity due to increased nutrient inputs from detritus are not fully compensated by reduced stem stocking, and the recovery time needed to recover leaf area. Therefore, hurricanes are a significant factor in reducing short-term carbon storage in US forests. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - McNulty, S G AD - USDA Forest Service, 920 Main Campus Drive, Venture Center II, Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA, steve_mcnulty@ncsu.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - S17 EP - S24 VL - 116 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Natural disturbance KW - Forests KW - Biomass KW - Storage KW - Hurricanes KW - USA KW - Carbon KW - carbon sinks KW - Meteorology KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18275821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Hurricane+impacts+on+US+forest+carbon+sequestration&rft.au=McNulty%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=McNulty&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Terrestrial carbon - Part II. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Forests; Carbon; Hurricanes; Storage; Biomass; Meteorology; carbon sinks; Natural disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 1999 AN - 18271221; 5329013 AB - Isolates of Puccinia triticina were obtained from wheat leaf collections made by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, and Gulf Coast states in 1999. Pathogenic races were determined from virulence/avirulence phenotypes on 14 host lines that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance. We found 58 races among 1,180 isolates in 1999. As in previous surveys, regional race distribution patterns showed that the central United States is a single epidemiological unit distinct from the eastern United States. The distinctive racial composition of collections from the Southeast, Northeast, and Ohio Valley indicates that populations of P. triticina in those areas are not closely connected, suggesting epidemics originate from localized overwintering sources. JF - Plant Disease AU - Long, D L AU - Leonard, K J AU - Hughes, ME AD - Cereal Disease Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, 1551 Lindig St., St. Paul 55108, USA, davidl@cdl.umn.edu Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 15 EP - 19 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Virulence KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Plant diseases KW - USA KW - Overwintering KW - Puccinia triticina KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18271221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+Puccinia+triticina+on+Wheat+in+the+United+States+in+1999&rft.au=Long%2C+D+L%3BLeonard%2C+K+J%3BHughes%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia triticina; Triticum aestivum; USA; Virulence; Plant diseases; Overwintering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria amended transplant mixes and soil solarization for tomato and pepper production in Florida AN - 18270850; 5327092 AB - Field trials were performed in Florida to evaluate tomato and pepper transplants amended with formulations of several plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in a production system that included soil solarization. Transplants grown in five different formulations of PGPR were planted into plots treated by soil solarization, MeBr fumigation, or untreated soil. Treatments were assessed for incidence of several naturally occurring tomato and pepper pathogens including root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and species of Pythium, Phytophthora, and Fusarium. Highly significant increases in tomato and pepper transplant growth occurred in response to most formulations of PGPR tested. Transplant vigor and survival in the field were improved by PGPR treatments in both tomato and pepper. Diseases of tomato caused by root-knot nematodes, Fusarium, Phytophthora, and Pythium were not affected by PGPR treatments. PGPR formulation LS261 reduced numbers of root-knot nematode galls on pepper while pepper root condition was improved with formulations LS213, LS256 and LS261. Individual PGPR strains affected the number of Pythium colonies isolated from pepper roots, but did not affect isolation of Pythium from tomato roots. Greater numbers of colonies of Pythium were isolated from pepper roots in the MeBr treatment and fewest in the solarization treatment. Numbers of colony forming units of Fusarium were significantly higher in the untreated soil than in MeBr fumigated or solarized soil with no effect of PGPR on isolation of Fusarium from either crop. Incidence of wilt symptoms on tomato was significantly lower in MeBr treated plots and highest in the untreated plots. Yield of extra large tomato fruit and total yield increased with PGPR formulation LS256. Yield of pepper was increased with formulations LS255 and LS256. Solarization combined with LS256 on pepper produced yields comparable to MeBr. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Kokalis-Burelle, N AU - Vavrina, C S AU - Rosskopf, EN AU - Shelby, R A AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Lab, Ft. Pierce, FL, USA. Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 257 EP - 266 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 238 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - tomato KW - plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Plant diseases KW - Plants KW - Capsicum KW - Soil amendment KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18270850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+plant+growth-promoting+Rhizobacteria+amended+transplant+mixes+and+soil+solarization+for+tomato+and+pepper+production+in+Florida&rft.au=Kokalis-Burelle%2C+N%3BVavrina%2C+C+S%3BRosskopf%2C+EN%3BShelby%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Kokalis-Burelle&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=238&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; Capsicum; Plants; Soil amendment; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil carbon content and character in an old-growth forest in northwestern Pennsylvania: a case study introducing pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) AN - 18270651; 5327797 AB - This study was conducted to: (1) test the utility of a new and rapid analytical method, pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS), for the measurement and characterization of carbon in forest soils, and (2) examine the effects of natural disturbance on soil carbon dynamics. An additional objective was to test the ability of py-MBMS to distinguish recent from more stable humic substances, and to relate this information to the ecology and history of the sites. To test the utility of the py-MBMS technique, we investigated soil carbon stocks in a chronosequence of stands arising from natural disturbance in the Tionesta Scenic and Research Natural Areas. Soil carbon increased with increasing time since disturbance; although the exact shape of the carbon accumulation curve is not known, it appears that the rate of carbon accretion is initially rapid and then levels off, with a possible maximum of 86 metric tons/ha to a depth of 30 cm. This study also demonstrates that py-MBMS is a valid method for characterizing soil carbon and can be used with little sample preparation. In addition, multivariate analysis of the mass spectra from Tionesta soils can distinguish both sites and depths on the basis of their pyrolysis products; both long-lived and short-lived carbon forms were identified. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Hoover, C M AU - Magrini, KA AU - Evans, R J AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, PO Box 267, Irvine, PA 16329, USA, choover@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - S269 EP - S275 VL - 116 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - soil organic matter KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Natural disturbance KW - Organic matter KW - Carbon cycle KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Forests KW - Soil nutrients KW - Pyrolysis KW - Soil KW - Carbon KW - USA, Pennsylvania KW - Sampling methods KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04600:Soil UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18270651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Soil+carbon+content+and+character+in+an+old-growth+forest+in+northwestern+Pennsylvania%3A+a+case+study+introducing+pyrolysis+molecular+beam+mass+spectrometry+%28py-MBMS%29&rft.au=Hoover%2C+C+M%3BMagrini%2C+KA%3BEvans%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Hoover&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Terrestrial carbon - Part II. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Pennsylvania; Soil; Forests; Carbon; Pyrolysis; Mass spectrometry; Sampling methods; Carbon cycle; Natural disturbance; Soil nutrients; Organic matter ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wheat Stripe Rust Epidemics and Races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in the United States in 2000 AN - 18268193; 5329017 AB - Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is most destructive in the western United States and has become increasingly important in the south-central states. The disease has been monitored by collaborators through field surveys and in disease nurseries throughout the United States. In the year 2000, stripe rust occurred in more than 20 states throughout the country, which was the most widespread occurrence in recorded history. Although fungicide applications in many states reduced yield losses, the disease caused multimillion dollar losses in the United States, especially in Arkansas and California. One of the prevalent cultivars, RSI 5, had a yield loss of about 50% in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region of California. In the Pacific Northwest, wheat losses due to stripe rust were minimal because cultivars with durable resistance were widely grown and the weather in May 2000 was not favorable for the disease. To identify races of the pathogen, stripe rust collections from 20 states across the United States were analyzed on 20 wheat differential cultivars, including Clement (Yr9, YrCle), Compair (Yr8, Yr19), and the Yr8 and Yr9 near-isogenic lines. In 2000, 21 previously identified races and 21 new races were identified. Of the 21 new races, 8 were pathotypes with combinations of virulences previously known to exist in the United States, and 13 had virulences to one or more of the lines Yr8, Yr9, Clement, or Compair. This is the first report of virulence to Yr8 and Yr9 in the United States. Most of the new races were also virulent on Express. Races that are virulent on Express have been identified in California since 1998. The races virulent on Yr8, Yr9, and Express were widely distributed in California and states east of the Rocky Mountains in 2000. The epidemic in 2000 demonstrates that increased efforts to breed for stripe rust resistance are needed in California, the south-central states, and some other states in the Great Plains. Diversification of resistance genes and use of durable resistance should prevent large-scale and severe epidemics. JF - Plant Disease AU - Chen, X AU - Moore, M AU - Milus, E A AU - Long, D L AU - Line, R F AU - Marshall, D AU - Jackson, L AD - USDA-ARS, Wheat Genetics, Physiology, Quality, and Disease Research Unit, and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430, USA, xianming@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 39 EP - 46 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Puccinia striiformis KW - Plant diseases KW - Disease resistance KW - Rust KW - Crops KW - Virulence KW - Triticum aestivum KW - USA KW - Fungicides KW - Economic importance KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18268193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Wheat+Stripe+Rust+Epidemics+and+Races+of+Puccinia+striiformis+f.+sp.+tritici+in+the+United+States+in+2000&rft.au=Chen%2C+X%3BMoore%2C+M%3BMilus%2C+E+A%3BLong%2C+D+L%3BLine%2C+R+F%3BMarshall%2C+D%3BJackson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Puccinia striiformis; USA; Crops; Plant diseases; Rust; Disease resistance; Economic importance; Fungicides; Virulence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Competitive displacement among insects and arachnids AN - 18266936; 5326819 AB - Competitive displacement is the most severe outcome of interspecific competition. For the purposes of this review, we define this type of displacement as the removal of a formerly established species from a habitat as a result of direct or indirect competitive interactions with another species. We reviewed the literature for recent putative cases of competitive displacement among insects and arachnids and assessed the evidence for the role of interspecific competition in these displacements. We found evidence for mechanisms of both exploitation and interference competition operating in these cases of competitive displacement. Many of the cases that we identified involve the operation of more than one competitive mechanism, and many cases were mediated by other noncompetitive factors. Most, but not all, of these displacements occurred between closely related species. In the majority of cases, exotic species displaced native species or previously established exotic species, often in anthropogenically-altered habitats. The cases that we identified have occurred across a broad range of taxa and environments. Therefore we suggest that competitive displacement has the potential to be a widespread phenomenon, and the frequency of these displacement events may increase, given the ever-increasing degree of anthropogenic changes to the environment. A greater awareness of competitive displacement events should lead to more studies documenting the relative importance of key factors and developing hypotheses that explain observed patterns. JF - Annual Review of Entomology AU - Reitz AU - Trumble, J T AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Biological Control, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307-4100, USA, sreitz@nettally.com Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 435 EP - 465 VL - 47 SN - 0066-4170, 0066-4170 KW - Insects KW - Arachnids KW - Competitive displacement KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Arachnida KW - Reviews KW - Competition KW - Insecta KW - Y 25501:General KW - D 04660:Arachnids KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18266936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=Competitive+displacement+among+insects+and+arachnids&rft.au=Reitz%3BTrumble%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Reitz&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.issn=00664170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; Arachnida; Reviews; Competition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies and statistics of sampling for rare individuals AN - 18266666; 5326811 AB - Diverse subdisciplines within entomology recognize the detection of rare individuals as the precursor to effective management of these individuals. Unfortunately, detection methods have often developed on a case-by-case basis, and advances in one subdiscipline have not carried over to similarly related fields. The biology of a particular organism will certainly affect sampling methods, but the underlying principles governing the power of a sampling strategy to detect rare individuals will apply across taxa. Our review of the sampling literature demonstrates the common problem of detecting rare individuals, reviews the fundamentals of probability theory as a foundation for any monitoring program, and discusses the inferences that can be drawn from samples, especially when resources limit sampling efforts. Particular emphasis is placed on binomial-, beta-binomial-, and hypergeometric-based sampling strategies as they pertain to quarantine inspections for exotic pests, veterinary/medical entomology, and insecticide resistance monitoring. JF - Annual Review of Entomology AU - Venette, R C AU - Moon, R D AU - Hutchison, W D AD - USDA-APHIS, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, venet001@umn.edu Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 143 EP - 174 VL - 47 SN - 0066-4170, 0066-4170 KW - Insects KW - Models KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Rare species KW - Sampling KW - Insecta KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18266666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=Strategies+and+statistics+of+sampling+for+rare+individuals&rft.au=Venette%2C+R+C%3BMoon%2C+R+D%3BHutchison%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Venette&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.issn=00664170&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; Sampling; Rare species; Statistics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Histamine production by Haemophilus somnus AN - 18263067; 5314488 AB - Ten Haemophilus somnus isolates were grown on blood agar plates under a 5% CO sub(2) atmosphere for 48 h. Harvested whole cells were washed and evaluated for the presence of histamine by ELISA. All H. somnus isolates had cell-associated histamine concentrations of between 18.5 and 200 ng/ml. In a separate study, the ability of H. somnus to secrete histamine into BHI growth medium was evaluated using H. somnus strains 8025 and 156A as well as a recent 156A respiratory isolate. Each strain or isolate was grown under various concentrations of CO sub(2) to approximate the CO sub(2) concentration in the bronchi. The histamine content of washed whole cells and medium supernatant were determined at various stages of incubation. Highest histamine concentrations were detected in the recent respiratory isolate; whole cells (225 ng/ml) after 120 h incubation in 15% CO sub(2) and supernatant (1721 ng/ml) after incubation for 41 h in 25% CO sub(2). This study indicates that different H. somnus isolates can produce and secrete histamine which may be enhanced by CO sub(2) concentrations which approximate those in the bronchial tree. Results of this study may partially explain some of the post-vaccination reactions occasionally observed with H. somnus bacterins. Additional studies are needed to determine the actual role of H. somnus-derived histamine in the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory disease and airway hyperresponsiveness. JF - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases AU - Ruby, K W AU - Griffith, R W AU - Kaeberle, M L AD - US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Center for Veterinary Biologics, Licensing and Policy Development, 115 S. 17th Street, Suite 104, Ames, IA 50010, USA, kevin.w.ruby@usda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 13 EP - 20 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0147-9571, 0147-9571 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Respiratory tract diseases KW - Haemophilus somnus KW - Pathogenesis KW - Vaccination KW - Carbon dioxide fixation KW - Histamine KW - J 02732:Other cell constituents and metabolites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18263067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Association+of+Operating+Room+Nurses.+AORN+Journal&rft.atitle=Managing+a+Chest+Tube+and+Drainage+System&rft.au=Durai%2C+Rajaraman%3BHoque%2C+Happy%3BDavies%2C+Tony+W&rft.aulast=Durai&rft.aufirst=Rajaraman&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Association+of+Operating+Room+Nurses.+AORN+Journal&rft.issn=00012092&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aorn.2009.09.026 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haemophilus somnus; Pathogenesis; Histamine; Respiratory tract diseases; Vaccination; Carbon dioxide fixation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Allegheny Woodrat (Neotoma magister) Food Habits in the Central Appalachians AN - 18262606; 5323796 AB - Declining Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) populations suggest a need for more basic ecological information about the species for proper management. Within the core of the Allegheny woodrat's distribution in the central Appalachians, food habits and food resource availability are poorly understood. We collected fecal material from known Allegheny woodrats between November 1997 and December 1998 and used microhistological techniques to describe seasonal food habits in the oak (Quercus spp.), dominated forests of the Ridge and Valley and the northern hardwood forests of the Allegheny Plateau physiographic provinces. We examined dietary differences among seasons within and between provinces. Green vegetation, hard mast, soft mast and fungi were present in Allegheny woodrat diets in both provinces in all seasons. Presence of fungi and soft mast in the diet was higher and more widespread seasonally in the Allegheny Plateau than the Ridge and Valley due, in part, to the more mesic forest conditions and more extensive early successional forest habitat in the Allegheny Plateau. Presence of hard mast in the diet tracked acorn production and availability in both provinces in 1997 and 1998. Significant acorn use on the Allegheny Plateau, where oak-dominated forest stands are rare, highlights the importance of hard mast to Allegheny woodrats. Based on food habits we describe, managers seeking to enhance Allegheny woodrat habitat need to provide a mix of habitat conditions containing abundant green vegetation and optimize production and availability of hard mast, soft mast and fungi. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Castleberry, N L AU - Castleberry, S B AU - Ford, WM AU - Wood, P B AU - Mengak, M T AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Box 404, Parsons, West Virginia 26287, USA, mford@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 80 EP - 92 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0003-0031&volume=147&page=80] VL - 147 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Allegheny woodrat KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - Neotoma magister KW - Food availability KW - Population decline KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18262606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Allegheny+Woodrat+%28Neotoma+magister%29+Food+Habits+in+the+Central+Appalachians&rft.au=Castleberry%2C+N+L%3BCastleberry%2C+S+B%3BFord%2C+WM%3BWood%2C+P+B%3BMengak%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Castleberry&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%282002%29147%280080%3AAWNMFH%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neotoma magister; USA; Population decline; Food availability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2002)147(0080:AWNMFH)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Summer Temperature on Sex Ratios in Eastern Red Bats (Lasiurus borealis) AN - 18262486; 5323806 AB - Using museum records, we examined sex ratios for 32 collections of eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) in the eastern United States. Results from logistic regression analyses indicate that female-dominated sex ratios are associated with warmer, mean high temperatures in June. Male-dominated collections, and those with approximately even sex ratios, occurred disproportionately in the Appalachian Highlands where monthly mean high temperatures were lower than in either the Central Lowlands-Interior Low Plateaus or Coastal Plain-Piedmont regions. Efforts to maximize conservation of summer roosting and foraging habitat that favors the female population segment of eastern red bats should be directed at areas where June mean high temperatures exceed 28.5 C. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Ford, WM AU - Menzel, MA AU - Menzel, J M AU - Welch, D J AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Parsons, WV 26287, USA Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 179 EP - 184 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0003-0031&volume=147&page=179] VL - 147 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Red bat KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - USA KW - Sex ratio KW - Lasiurus borealis KW - Summer KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18262486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthcompleteshell&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nursing+Standard+%28through+2013%29&rft.atitle=Intrapleural+chest+drainage&rft.au=Woodrow%2C+Philip&rft.aulast=Woodrow&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2013-06-05&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=40&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nursing+Standard+%28through+2013%29&rft.issn=00296570&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lasiurus borealis; USA; Temperature effects; Sex ratio; Summer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2002)147(0179:IOSTOS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using Forest Health Monitoring to assess aspen forest cover change in the southern Rockies ecoregion AN - 18262099; 5313491 AB - Long-term qualitative observations suggest a marked decline in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) primarily due to advancing succession and fire suppression. This study presents an ecoregional coarse-grid analysis of the current aspen situation using Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) data from Idaho, Wyoming, and Colorado. A unique feature of aspen forests in western North America is regeneration primarily by asexual "suckering" although rare seeding events do occur. The dominant clonal process provides the basis for this analysis. In essence, the remaining aspen stems of previously large clones provide a window to the past and possibly a view of the future. The author uses baseline observations of aspen and associated tree species regeneration, forest size and structure components, stand age, tree damage, and recent disturbance to assess regional aspen conditions. Analysis of stands where aspen is dominant (aspen forest type) and where aspen merely occurs (aspen present) are presented. Basic groupings within the aspen forest type plots were obtained by cluster analysis of 10 FHM variables derived from tree- and plot-level measurements. Stable and unstable aspen forest types were verified using principal component analysis. A further criterion of at least 25% conifer species present was placed on the unstable group to render a more conservative population estimate of instability.The unstable aspen forest types, along with the plots having only the presence of aspen, comprise the dynamic portion of the aspen community in this area. These results support the hypothesis of an aspen decline within the past 100 years. However, additional regional plots and long-term remeasurements should provide a clearer picture of the decline's extent. Altering current and future management practices may significantly affect the rate of change. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Rogers, P AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 507 25th Street, 84401 Ogden, UT USA Y1 - 2002/01/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 01 SP - 223 EP - 236 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 155 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Forest Health Monitoring KW - Quaking aspen KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Forest management KW - Community composition KW - USA, Colorado KW - USA, Idaho KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Abundance KW - Cover KW - Populus tremuloides KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18262099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NursingTimes.net&rft.atitle=Setting+up+a+nurse-led+chest+drain+clinic&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2015-02-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NursingTimes.net&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Populus tremuloides; USA, Idaho; USA, Wyoming; USA, Colorado; Environmental monitoring; Cover; Community composition; Abundance; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probability of occurrence and habitat features for oriental bittersweet in an oak forest in the southern Appalachian mountains, USA AN - 18262080; 5313477 AB - Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), an introduced vine from southeast Asia, has become a serious threat to native forests in the eastern United States. It is typical of many exotic species in that quantitative ecological relationships are unavailable for assessment or management. We devised a rapid survey technique useful for hazard rating and modeled the probability of occurrence of oriental bittersweet in relation to environment, competition, and disturbance in stands of deciduous hardwoods in mountainous terrain. Oriental bittersweet was present on 39% of the study area, which has been managed by the selection system of silviculture and was recently disturbed by hurricane-force winds. Bittersweet was significantly associated with (1) topographic variables indicative of mesic environments, (2) density of midstory arborescent vegetation, (3) overstory canopy gaps, (4) past silvicultural harvests, (5) overstory canopy composition, and (5) scarification of the forest floor. Search distance from plot center to the first individual of bittersweet was significantly less ( P=0.04 ) on mesic than xeric sites. We developed a logistic regression model with five significant ( P<0.05 ) variables that classified correctly 87% of the sample plots. Variables in the model are biologically interpretable and indicate that the probability of occurrence of oriental bittersweet increases with (1) overstory canopy not dominated by oaks (Quercus spp.), (2) scarification of the forest floor, (3) concavity of the landscape around the site, (4) wind disturbance, and (5) increasing elevation. Using an independent data set from the same study area, the model classified correctly 88% of sample plots. Land management options in forests, where oriental bittersweet is present, are broadest on dry sites where its probability of occurrence is lowest and its growth response resulting from release should be least. Although herbicides can be effective in a program of intensive control, because of its biological characteristics we suggest that oriental bittersweet will present an increasing problem to land managers throughout the eastern United States. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - McNab, W H AU - Loftis, D L AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Bent Creek Experimental Forest, 1577 Brevard Road, 28806 Asheville, NC USA Y1 - 2002/01/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 01 SP - 45 EP - 54 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 155 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - introduced species KW - Ecology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Forest management KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Resource management KW - Forests KW - Introduced species KW - Celastrus orbiculatus KW - D 04700:Management KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18262080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Probability+of+occurrence+and+habitat+features+for+oriental+bittersweet+in+an+oak+forest+in+the+southern+Appalachian+mountains%2C+USA&rft.au=McNab%2C+W+H%3BLoftis%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Celastrus orbiculatus; USA, North Carolina; Resource management; Forests; Risk assessment; Introduced species; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling silviculture after natural disturbance to sustain biodiversity in the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem: balancing complexity and implementation AN - 18261774; 5313501 AB - Modeling silviculture after natural disturbance to maintain biodiversity is a popular concept, yet its application remains elusive. We discuss difficulties inherent to this idea, and suggest approaches to facilitate implementation, using longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) as an example. Natural disturbance regimes are spatially and temporally variable. Variability leads to a range of structural outcomes, or results in different pathways leading to similar structures. In longleaf pine, lightning, hurricanes, surface fires, and windthrow all lead to similar structures, but at different rates. Consequently, a manager can select among various natural disturbance patterns when searching for an appropriate silvicultural model. This facilitates management by providing flexibility to meet a range of objectives. The outcomes of natural disturbances are inherently different from those of silviculture, for example, harvesting always removes boles. It is instructive to think of silvicultural disturbances along a gradient in structural outcomes, reflecting degree of disparity with natural disturbance. In longleaf pine this might involve managing for two-cohort structure, instead of multi-cohort structure characteristic of old growth stands. While two-cohort structure is a simplification over the old growth condition, it is an improvement over single-cohort management. Reducing structural disparity between managed and unmanaged forests is key to sustaining biodiversity because of linkages that exist between structural elements, forest biota, and ecosystem processes. Finally, interactions of frequency, severity, intensity, seasonality, and spatial pattern define a disturbance regime. These components may not have equal weight in affecting biodiversity. Some are easier to emulate with silviculture than are others. For instance, ecologists consider growing-season fire more reflective of the natural fire regime in longleaf pine and critical for maintenance of biodiversity. However, dormant season fire is easier to use and recent work with native plants suggests that seasonality of fire may be less critical to maintenance of species richness, as one component of biodiversity, than is generally believed. Science can advance the goal of modeling silviculture after natural disturbances by better illustrating cause and effect relationships among components of disturbance regimes and the structure and function of ecosystems. Wide application requires approaches that are adaptable to different operational situations and landowner objectives. A key point for managers to remember is that strict adherence to a silvicultural regime that closely parallels a natural disturbance regime may not always be necessary to maintain biodiversity. We outline examples of silvicultural systems for longleaf pine that demonstrates these ideas. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Palik, B J AU - Mitchell, R J AU - Hiers, J K AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1831 Hwy. 169 E., 55744 Grand Rapids, MN USA Y1 - 2002/01/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 01 SP - 347 EP - 356 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 155 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Longleaf pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Natural disturbance KW - Forest management KW - Silviculture KW - Pinus palustris KW - Biological diversity KW - Models KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18261774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Modeling+silviculture+after+natural+disturbance+to+sustain+biodiversity+in+the+longleaf+pine+%28Pinus+palustris%29+ecosystem%3A+balancing+complexity+and+implementation&rft.au=Palik%2C+B+J%3BMitchell%2C+R+J%3BHiers%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Palik&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus palustris; Biological diversity; Silviculture; Natural disturbance; Models; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stand age and habitat influences on salamanders in Appalachian cove hardwood forests AN - 18261221; 5313484 AB - We surveyed cove hardwood stands aged 15, 25, 50, and greater than or equal to 85 years following clearcutting in the southern Appalachian Mountains of northern Georgia to assess the effects of stand age and stand habitat characteristics on salamander communities using drift-fence array and pitfall methodologies from May 1994 to April 1995. Over a 60,060 pitfall trapnight effort, we collected 3937 salamanders represented by Desmognathus aeneus, Desmognathus monticola, Desmognathus ocoee, Desmognathus quadramaculatus, Eurycea bislineata, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, Pseudotriton ruber, Plethodon glutinosus, Plethodon serratus, and Notophthalmus viridescens. Analysis of covariance with pitfall array to stream distance as the covariate showed that salamander species richness and diversity measures and numbers of Desmognathus aeneus and Desmognathus ocoee were highest in stands greater than or equal to 85 years. Eurycea bislineata and Plethodon glutinosus were more abundant in stands less than or equal to 50 years old than in stands greater than or equal to 85 years. Within cove hardwood stands, species richness and diversity measures and relative abundances of Desmognathus spp. and Gyrinophilus porphyriticus were negatively correlated with distance to stream. Species richness and diversity were positively correlated to amounts of emergent rock. Species richness, diversity and relative abundances of Desmognathus spp. were correlated with basal area within stands and extent of connected mesic, cove hardwood habitat and amount of cove habitat within 1 km radius among stands. Eurycea bislineata was negatively correlated with landform index, a measure of surrounding landform sheltering, and Plethodon glutinosus was positively correlated with elevation in cove hardwood stands. Our research indicates stand age is an important factor in explaining the abundance and community composition of salamanders in southern Appalachian cove hardwood communities. Because southern Appalachian woodland salamander communities are slow to recover and are substantially changed following disturbances such as clearcutting, populations in small, isolated cove hardwood stands might be more vulnerable to extirpation or may require longer recovery times than those in larger coves. Managers may need to assess habitat features such as cove extent and habitat connectivity to minimize impacts on these taxa by forest management activities in southern Appalachian cove hardwood communities. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Ford, WM AU - Chapman, B R AU - Menzel, MA AU - Odom, R H AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Box 404, 26287 Parsons, WV USA Y1 - 2002/01/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 01 SP - 131 EP - 141 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 155 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Cave salamanders KW - Dusky salamanders KW - Eastern newt KW - Lungless salamanders KW - Mud salamanders KW - Red salamanders KW - Salamanders KW - Seal salamanders KW - Spring salamanders KW - Two-lined salamander KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Desmognathus KW - Eurycea bislineata KW - Forest management KW - Age KW - Ecological distribution KW - Abundance KW - Freshwater KW - Habitat selection KW - Logging KW - Biota KW - Caudata KW - Pseudotriton KW - Rivers KW - Forest industry KW - Plethodontidae KW - Environmental impact KW - Habitat preferences KW - USA, Georgia KW - Biological age KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Environmental protection KW - USA, Appalachian Mts. KW - Nature conservation KW - Notophthalmus viridescens KW - Environment management KW - Gyrinophilus KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08464:Other aquatic communities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18261221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Stand+age+and+habitat+influences+on+salamanders+in+Appalachian+cove+hardwood+forests&rft.au=Ford%2C+WM%3BChapman%2C+B+R%3BMenzel%2C+MA%3BOdom%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Logging; Biota; Forest industry; Ecological distribution; Nature conservation; Biological age; Habitat selection; Environment management; Environmental protection; Ecosystem disturbance; Forest management; Age; Abundance; Environmental impact; Habitat preferences; Eurycea bislineata; Desmognathus; Caudata; Plethodontidae; Notophthalmus viridescens; Pseudotriton; Gyrinophilus; USA, Appalachian Mts.; USA, Georgia; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential redistribution of tree species habitat under five climate change scenarios in the eastern US AN - 18260423; 5313490 AB - Global climate change could have profound effects on the Earth's biota, including large redistributions of tree species and forest types. We used DISTRIB, a deterministic regression tree analysis model, to examine environmental drivers related to current forest-species distributions and then model potential suitable habitat under five climate change scenarios associated with a doubling of atmospheric CO sub(2). Potential shifts in suitable habitat for 76 common tree species in the eastern US were evaluated based on more than 100,000 plots and 33 environmental variables related to climate, soils, land use, and elevation. Regression tree analysis was used to devise prediction rules from current species-environment relationships. These rules were used to replicate the current distribution and predict the potential suitable habitat for more than 2100 counties east of the 100th meridian. The calculation of an importance value-weighted area score, averaged across the five climate scenarios, allowed comparison among species for their overall potential to be affected by climate change. When this score was averaged across all five climate scenarios, 34 tree species were projected to expand by at least 10%, while 31 species could decrease by at least 10%. Several species (Populus tremuloides, P. grandidentata, Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera, Thuja occidentalis) could have their suitable habitat extirpated from US. Depending on the scenario, the optimum latitude of suitable habitat moved north more than 20 km for 38-47 species, including 8-27 species more than 200 km or into Canada. Although the five scenarios were in general agreement with respect to the overall tendencies in potential future suitable habitat, significant variations occurred in the amount of potential movement in many of the species. The five scenarios were ranked for their severity on potential tree habitat changes. Actual species redistributions, within the suitable habitat modeled here, will be controlled by migration rates through fragmented landscapes, as well as human manipulations. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Iverson, L R AU - Prasad, A M AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 359 Main Road, 43015 Delaware, OH USA Y1 - 2002/01/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 01 SP - 205 EP - 222 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 155 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Arborvitae KW - Eastern white cedar KW - Northern white cedar KW - Paper birch KW - Sugar maple KW - Quaking aspen KW - Bigtooth aspen KW - prediction KW - extinction KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Acer saccharum KW - Trees KW - Climatic changes KW - Thuja occidentalis KW - Betula papyrifera KW - Models KW - Abiotic factors KW - Extinction KW - Biogeography KW - Land use KW - USA KW - Populus tremuloides KW - Populus grandidentata KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18260423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Potential+redistribution+of+tree+species+habitat+under+five+climate+change+scenarios+in+the+eastern+US&rft.au=Iverson%2C+L+R%3BPrasad%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Iverson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=155&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thuja occidentalis; Betula papyrifera; Acer saccharum; Populus tremuloides; Populus grandidentata; USA; Climatic changes; Land use; Biogeography; Trees; Abiotic factors; Models; Extinction; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimizing habitat location for black-tailed prairie dogs in southwestern South Dakota AN - 18258686; 5318448 AB - A spatial optimization model was formulated and used to maximize black-tailed prairie dog populations in the Badlands National Park and the Buffalo Gap National Grassland in South Dakota. The choice variables involved the strategic placement of limited additional protected habitat. Population dynamics were captured in formulations that reflected exponential population growth combined with the recalcitrant dispersal behavior of this social mammal that is important to many other species. The model results are compared to a previous paper which modeled the black-footed ferret, an aggressive disperser that is dependent upon prairie dogs for food and shelter. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Hof, J AU - Bevers, M AU - Uresk, D W AU - Schenbeck, G L AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Suite 361, Fort Collins, CO 80526-1891, USA, jhof@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002/01/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Jan 01 SP - 11 EP - 21 VL - 147 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Black-tailed prairie dog KW - Black-footed ferret KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Predator-prey interactions KW - USA, South Dakota KW - Wildlife management KW - Population growth KW - Cynomys ludovicianus KW - Models KW - Mustela nigripes KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18258686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Optimizing+habitat+location+for+black-tailed+prairie+dogs+in+southwestern+South+Dakota&rft.au=Hof%2C+J%3BBevers%2C+M%3BUresk%2C+D+W%3BSchenbeck%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Hof&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cynomys ludovicianus; Mustela nigripes; USA, South Dakota; Wildlife management; Predator-prey interactions; Population growth; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a Sinorhizobium Isolate and Its Extracellular Polymer Implicated in Pollutant Transport in Soil AN - 18219464; 5288760 AB - A bacterium isolated from soil (designated 9702-M4) synthesizes an extracellular polymer that facilitates the transport of such hydrophobic pollutants as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as the toxic metals lead and cadmium in soil. Biolog analysis, growth rate determinations, and percent G+C content identify 9702-M4 as a strain of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Sequence analysis of a 16S rDNA fragment gives 9702-M4 a phylogenetic designation most closely related to Sinorhizobium fredii. The extracellular polymer of isolate 9702-M4 is composed of both an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and a rough lipopolysaccharide. The EPS component is composed mainly of 4- glucose linkages with monomers of galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid and has pyruval and acetyl constituents. The lipid fraction and the negative charge associated with carbonyl groups of the exopolymer are thought to account for the binding of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and cationic metals. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Janecka, J AU - Jenkins, M B AU - Brackett, N S AU - Lion, L W AU - Ghiorse, W C AD - USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Rd., Watkinsville, GA 30677., mjenkins@arches.uga.edu Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 423 EP - 426 VL - 68 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - soil transport KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pollutants KW - Sinorhizobium KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Polysaccharides KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18219464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+Sinorhizobium+Isolate+and+Its+Extracellular+Polymer+Implicated+in+Pollutant+Transport+in+Soil&rft.au=Janecka%2C+J%3BJenkins%2C+M+B%3BBrackett%2C+N+S%3BLion%2C+L+W%3BGhiorse%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Janecka&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.68.1.423-426.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sinorhizobium; Soil microorganisms; Polysaccharides; Lipopolysaccharides; Pollutants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.1.423-426.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variations in the csgD Promoter of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Associated with Increased Virulence in Mice and Increased Invasion of HEp-2 Cells AN - 18218110; 5288609 AB - Promoter alterations in the csgD gene of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains ATCC 43894 and ATCC 43895 are associated with variations in curli expression and the ability to bind Congo red dye. Red variants of each strain were more invasive for cultured HEp-2 cells than were white variants. An ATCC 43895 red variant was more virulent than a white variant in a mouse model. However, there were no differences in Shiga toxin production between red and white variants. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Uhlich, G A AU - Keen, JE AU - Elder, RO AD - USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Ln., Wyndmoor, PA 19038., guhlich@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 395 EP - 399 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - HEp-2 cells KW - csgD gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Promoters KW - Polymorphism KW - Escherichia coli KW - Shiga toxin KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18218110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Variations+in+the+csgD+Promoter+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+Associated+with+Increased+Virulence+in+Mice+and+Increased+Invasion+of+HEp-2+Cells&rft.au=Uhlich%2C+G+A%3BKeen%2C+JE%3BElder%2C+RO&rft.aulast=Uhlich&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.70.1.395-399.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Polymorphism; Promoters; Virulence; Shiga toxin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.1.395-399.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inoculation onto Solid Surfaces Protects Salmonella spp. during Acid Challenge: a Model Study Using Polyethersulfone Membranes AN - 18211082; 5288780 AB - Salmonellae are the most frequently reported cause of outbreaks of food-borne gastroenteritis in the United States. In clinical trials, the oral infective dose (ID) for healthy volunteers was estimated to be approximately 1 million cells. However, in reports from various outbreaks, the ID of Salmonella species associated with solid foods was estimated to be as few as 100 cells. We found that fresh-cut produce surfaces not only provided suitable solid support for pathogen attachment but also played a critical role in increasing the acid tolerance of the pathogen. However the acidic nature of certain produce played no role in making salmonellae resistant to stomach acidity. Inoculation onto fresh-cut produce surfaces, as well as onto inert surfaces, such as polyethersulfone membranes and tissue paper, increased the survival of salmonellae during acid challenge (50 mM Na-citrate, pH 3.0; 37 degree C; 2 h) by 4 to 5 log units. Acid challenge experiments using cells inoculated onto polyethersulfone membranes provided a model system suitable for studying the underlying fundamentals of the protection that occurs when Salmonella strains are associated with solid foods. The surface-associated acid protection, which was observed in several Salmonella strains, required de novo protein synthesis and was independent of stationary-phase sigma transcription factor. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Gawande, P V AU - Bhagwat, A A AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg. 002, Room 117, Plant Science Institute, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350., bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 86 EP - 92 VL - 68 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - resistance KW - solid surfaces KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - USA KW - Acids KW - Stress KW - Acidity KW - Gastroenteritis KW - Salmonella KW - Food-borne diseases KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18211082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ+Open+Respiratory+Research&rft.atitle=A+pilot+study+of+a+digital+drainage+system+in+pneumothorax&rft.au=Tunnicliffe%2C+Georgia%3BDraper%2C+Adrian&rft.aulast=Tunnicliffe&rft.aufirst=Georgia&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMJ+Open+Respiratory+Research&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/10.1136%2Fbmjresp-2014-000033 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; USA; Food-borne diseases; Gastroenteritis; Acids; Acidity; Stress DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.1.86-92.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Killing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis within macrophages AN - 18039356; 6035600 AB - Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that resides within host macrophages during infection of ruminant animals. We examined survival of M. paratuberculosis infections within cultured macrophages to better understand the interplay between bacterium and host. Serial plating of M. paratuberculosis infected macrophage lysates on Herold's egg yolk medium showed that mycobacterial replication takes place between 0 and 24 hours post-infection. This initial growth phase was followed by a steady decline in viability over the next six days. Antibodies against M. paratuberculosis were affinity purified and used in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy to track the development of intracellular bacilli. Immunogold labeling of infected macrophages with antibody against M. paratuberculosis showed degraded intracellular mycobacteria that were unrecognizable by morphology alone. Conversely, when macrophages were heavily infected with M. paratuberculosis, no degraded forms were observed and macrophages were killed. We present a general description of M. paratuberculosis survival within cultured macrophages using transmission electron microscopy and viability counts. The results of this study provides further insight surrounding M. paratuberculosis-macrophage infections and have implications in the pathogenesis of M. paratuberculosis, a pathogen known to persist inside cattle for many years. JF - BMC Microbiology AU - Bannantine, John P AU - Stabel, Judith R AD - National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Ames, Iowa, USA, jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 2 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cell survival KW - Macrophages KW - Bacilli KW - Mycobacterium avium KW - Replication KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Paratuberculosis KW - Survival KW - Pathogens KW - Infection KW - Yolk KW - Antibodies KW - Intracellular KW - Morphology KW - Facultative bacteria KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18039356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Killing+of+Mycobacterium+avium+subspecies+paratuberculosis+within+macrophages&rft.au=Bannantine%2C+John+P%3BStabel%2C+Judith+R&rft.aulast=Bannantine&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Microbiology&rft.issn=1471-2180&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2180-2-2 L2 - http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2180-2-2.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; Cell survival; Bacilli; Replication; Transmission electron microscopy; Paratuberculosis; Survival; Pathogens; Infection; Yolk; Antibodies; Intracellular; Morphology; Facultative bacteria; Mycobacterium avium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-2-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen and nitrate-dependent regulation of dmsABC operon expression in Escherichia coli: sites for Fnr and NarL protein interactions AN - 18025401; 6035615 AB - Escherichia coli can respire anaerobically using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) as the terminal electron acceptor for anaerobic energy generation. Expression of the dmsABC genes that encode the membrane-associated DMSO/TMAO reductase is positively regulated during anaerobic conditions by the Fnr protein and negatively regulated by the NarL protein when nitrate is present. The regions of dmsA regulatory DNA required for Fnr and NarL interactions in response to anaerobiosis and nitrate, respectively, were examined. Mutations within the Fnr site that deviated from the wild type sequence, TTGATaccgAACAA, or that removed an entire half-site, either impaired or abolished the anaerobic activation of dmsA-lacZ expression. The region for phosphorylated NarL (NarL-phosphate) binding at the dmsA promoter was identified by DNase I and hydroxyl radical footprinting methods. A large 97 bp region that overlaps the Fnr and RNA polymerase recognition sites was protected by NarL-phosphate but not by the non-phosphorylated form of NarL. Hydroxyl radical footprinting analysis confirmed the NarL-phosphate DNase I protections of both dmsA strands and revealed 8-9 protected sites of 3-5 bp occurring at ten bp intervals that are offset by 3 bp in the 3' direction. These findings suggest that multiple molecules of phosphorylated NarL bind along one face of the DNA and may interfere with Fnr and/or RNA polymerase interactions at the dmsA regulatory region. The interplay of these transcription factors insures a hierarchical expression of the dmsABC genes when respiration of the preferred electron acceptors, oxygen and nitrate, is not possible. JF - BMC Microbiology AU - Bearson, Shawn MD AU - Albrecht, Jeffrey A AU - Gunsalus, Robert P AD - Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and the Molecular Biology Institute, 1602 Molecular Sciences Building, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, sbearson@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 2 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Nitrate KW - Electrons KW - Footprinting KW - NarL protein KW - Regulatory sequences KW - Free radicals KW - Respiration KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Oxygen KW - DNA-directed RNA polymerase KW - reductase KW - trimethylamine-N-oxide KW - Transcription factors KW - Energy KW - Escherichia coli KW - Dimethyl sulfoxide KW - DNA KW - Operons KW - Mutation KW - Anaerobiosis KW - FNR protein KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18025401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Oxygen+and+nitrate-dependent+regulation+of+dmsABC+operon+expression+in+Escherichia+coli%3A+sites+for+Fnr+and+NarL+protein+interactions&rft.au=Bearson%2C+Shawn+MD%3BAlbrecht%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BGunsalus%2C+Robert+P&rft.aulast=Bearson&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+Microbiology&rft.issn=1471-2180&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2180-2-13 L2 - http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2180-2-13.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitrate; Electrons; Footprinting; NarL protein; Respiration; Free radicals; Regulatory sequences; Anaerobic conditions; Oxygen; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; reductase; trimethylamine-N-oxide; Energy; Transcription factors; DNA; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Operons; Mutation; FNR protein; Anaerobiosis; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-2-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote sensing of giant Salvinia in Texas waterways AN - 1798741026; 5448980 AB - Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) is an invasive aquatic fern that has been discovered at several locations in southeast Texas. Field reflectance measurements were made on two classes of giant salvinia [green giant salvinia (green foliage) and senesced giant salvinia (mixture of green and brown foliage)] and several associated species. Reflectance measurements showed that green giant salvinia could be best distinguished at the visible green wavelength, whereas senesced giant salvinia could generally be best separated at the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength. Green giant salvinia and senesced giant salvinia could be detected on color-infrared (CIR) aerial photographs where they had pink and grayish-pink or olive-green image responses, respectively. Both classes of giant salvinia could be distinguished in reflectance measurements made on multiple dates and at several locations in southeast Texas. Likewise, they could be detected in CIR photographs obtained on several dates and at widely separated locations. Computer analysis of a CIR photographic transparency showed that green giant salvinia and senesced giant salvinia populations could be quantified. An accuracy assessment performed on the classified image showed an overall accuracy of 87.0%. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Everitt, J H AU - Yang, C AU - Helton, R J AU - Hartmann, L H AU - Davis, M R AD - USDA/ARS, Integrated Farming and Natural Resources Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, jeveritt@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - January 2002 SP - 11 EP - 16 VL - 40 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Ferns KW - USA, Texas KW - invasions KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Reflectance KW - Aerial Photography KW - Pterophyta KW - Quantitative distribution KW - Infrared Imagery KW - Remote sensing KW - Aquatic plants KW - Freshwater KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Aerial surveys KW - Freshwater weeds KW - Plant Populations KW - Aquatic Plants KW - Plant control KW - Salvinia molesta KW - Exotic Species KW - Aerial photographs KW - Introduced species KW - Plant populations KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - SW 4050:Water law and institutions KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1798741026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing+of+giant+Salvinia+in+Texas+waterways&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J+H%3BYang%2C+C%3BHelton%2C+R+J%3BHartmann%2C+L+H%3BDavis%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant control; Quantitative distribution; Aerial photographs; Aquatic plants; Remote sensing; Plant populations; Aerial surveys; Introduced species; Freshwater weeds; Remote Sensing; Plant Populations; Aerial Photography; Reflectance; Aquatic Plants; Exotic Species; Infrared Imagery; Spatial Distribution; Salvinia molesta; Pterophyta; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Source water partitioning as a means of characterizing hydrologic function in mangroves AN - 1798740783; 5449752 AB - Mangrove ecosystems rely on seawater, rain-derived flow, and groundwater for hydrologic sustenance, flushing, and inflow of nutrients and sediments. The relative contribution of these source waters and their variability through time and space can provide key information concerning the hydrologic function of ecosystems. We used hydrologic tracers to partition source waters and trace their movements in the Enipoas stream, a river-dominated mangrove ecosystem on the island of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) and in the Yela watershed, an interior mangrove ecosystem on the island of Kosrae, FSM. The Enipoas site was characterized as a salt wedge estuary whose source water contributions alternated between predominantly seawater and rain-derived flow, depending on the tide. The source waters in the interior Yela site were also predominantly seawater and rain-derived flow, however the relative contribution of each was much more stable. The mean groundwater contribution was 5% (SD = 5.5) for the Enipoas site and 20% (SD = 11.0) for the Yela site. Although a small contributor to flow, groundwater was a steady source of freshwater for both systems. Hydrologic linkages between mangroves and adjacent ecosystems were demonstrated by the temporal and spatial distribution of source waters. The 0.8 km Enipoas estuary, with its highly dynamic bi-directional flows, transported source waters along a hydrologic continuum comprised of coral reef, mangroves, and palm forest. In the interior mangroves of the Yela watershed, the presence of rain-derived flow and groundwater demonstrated a hydraulic connection between the mangroves and an upstream freshwater swamp. Interior mangroves with such linkages avoid stresses such as desiccation and heightened salinity, and thus are more productive than those with little or no freshwater flows. JF - Wetlands Ecology and Management AU - Drexler, J Z AU - De Carlo, EW AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1151 Punchbowl St., #323, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA, jdrexler@usgs.gov Y1 - 2002///0, PY - 2002 DA - 0, 2002 SP - 103 EP - 113 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0923-4861, 0923-4861 KW - Micronesia KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Saline-freshwater Interfaces KW - Water budget KW - Seawater KW - Estuaries KW - Mangrove swamps KW - ISEW, Pacific, Caroline Is., Pohnpei KW - Islands KW - Surface-groundwater Relations KW - Flushing KW - Hydrology KW - Mangrove Swamps KW - Mangroves KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - Q2 09127:General papers on resources KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1798740783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthcompleteshell&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nursing+Children+and+Young+People+%28through+2013%29&rft.atitle=Care+and+nursing+management+of+a+child+with+a+chest+drain&rft.au=Crawford%2C+Doreen&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Doreen&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nursing+Children+and+Young+People+%28through+2013%29&rft.issn=20462336&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Islands; Water budget; Mangrove swamps; Hydrology; Mangroves; Saline-freshwater Interfaces; Surface-groundwater Relations; Seawater; Estuaries; Flushing; Mangrove Swamps; ISEW, Pacific, Caroline Is., Pohnpei ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alien invasions in aquatic ecosystems: Toward an understanding of brook trout invasions and potential impacts on inland cutthroat trout in western North America AN - 17824250; 5788552 AB - Experience from case studies of biological invasions in aquatic ecosystems has motivated a set of proposed empirical "rules" for understanding patterns of invasion and impacts on native species. Further evidence is needed to better understand these patterns, and perhaps contribute to a useful predictive theory of invasions. We reviewed the case of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) invasions in the western United States and their impacts on native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki). Unlike many biological invasions, a considerable body of empirical research on brook trout and cutthroat trout is available. We reviewed life histories of each species, brook trout invasions, their impacts on cutthroat trout, and patterns and causes of segregation between brook trout and cutthroat trout. We considered four stages of the invasion process: transport, establishment, spread, and impacts to native species. Most of the research we found focused on impacts. Interspecific interactions, especially competition, were commonly investigated and cited as impacts of brook trout. In many cases it is not clear if brook trout invasions have a measurable impact. Studies of species distributions in the field and a variety of experiments suggest invasion success of brook trout is associated with environmental factors, including temperature, landscape structure, habitat size, stream flow, and human influences. Research on earlier stages of brook trout invasions (transport, establishment, and spread) is relatively limited, but has provided promising insights. Management alternatives for controlling brook trout invasions are limited, and actions to control brook trout locus on direct removal, which is variably successful and can have adverse effects on native species. The management applicability of research has been confounded by the complexity of the problem and by a focus on understanding processes at smaller scales, but not on predicting patterns at larger scales. In the short-term, an improved predictive understanding of brook trout invasions could prove to be most useful, even if processes are incompletely understood. A stronger connection between research and management is needed to identify more effective alternatives for controlling brook trout invasions and for identifying management priorities. JF - Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries AU - Dunham, J B AU - Adams, S B AU - Schroeter, R E AU - Novinger, D C AD - U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 316 E. Myrtle St., Boise, ID 83702, USA, jbdunham@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 373 EP - 391 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0960-3166, 0960-3166 KW - Brook trout KW - Cutthroat trout KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Salvelinus fontinalis KW - Geographical distribution KW - Ecological distribution KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - USA KW - Endemic species KW - Life history KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Oncorhynchus clarki KW - Introduced species KW - Dispersion KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes KW - Q1 08383:Biogeography and biogeographic regions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17824250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+in+Fish+Biology+and+Fisheries&rft.atitle=Alien+invasions+in+aquatic+ecosystems%3A+Toward+an+understanding+of+brook+trout+invasions+and+potential+impacts+on+inland+cutthroat+trout+in+western+North+America&rft.au=Dunham%2C+J+B%3BAdams%2C+S+B%3BSchroeter%2C+R+E%3BNovinger%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Dunham&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+in+Fish+Biology+and+Fisheries&rft.issn=09603166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endemic species; Geographical distribution; Life history; Interspecific relationships; Ecological distribution; Introduced species; Freshwater fish; Dispersion; Salvelinus fontinalis; Oncorhynchus clarki; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrolysis of Chlorpyrifos in Aqueous and Colloidal Systems AN - 17706254; 5990800 AB - Hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos [O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate] to TCP (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) is an important degradation process influencing the fate of chlorpyrifos in aquatic environments. The effects of water chemistry and suspended colloids (smectites, humic acid, and river sediment) on the hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos were investigated in this study. Chlorpyrifos was incubated in various aqueous and colloidal systems at 23 plus or minus 2 degree C for up to 100 days, and aqueous phase concentrations of chlorpyrifos and TCP were determined using solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography (SPE-HPLC). Chlorpyrifos degraded in the aqueous solutions with half-lives ranging from 27 to 158 days, depending on the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos and the chemistry of the aqueous solutions. The rate of degradation was slower in systems containing low concentrations of suspended colloids (1 g L super(-1) in 0.01 M CaCl sub(2)) than in the control (0.01 M CaCl sub(2), with no colloids), and negligible hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos was found for concentrated colloidal systems (20 g L super(-1) in 0.01 M CaCl sub(2)). Total recoveries of chlorpyrifos for the concentrated colloidal systems ranged from 78% to 97%, with a tendency to decrease with incubation time. The study indicates that the formation of chlorpyrifos-colloid complexes inhibits the hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos in aqueous systems and that chlorpyrifos-colloid complexes may act as a buffer by slowly releasing chlorpyrifos to the aqueous phase. JF - Israel Journal of Chemistry AU - Wu, J AU - Laird, DA AD - National Soil Tilth Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, laird@nstl.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 99 EP - 107 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0021-2148, 0021-2148 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Chemical degradation KW - Colloids KW - Organophosphates KW - Hydrolysis KW - Aquatic environment KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Pesticides KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17706254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Journal+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Hydrolysis+of+Chlorpyrifos+in+Aqueous+and+Colloidal+Systems&rft.au=Wu%2C+J%3BLaird%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Israel+Journal+of+Chemistry&rft.issn=00212148&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Environmental chemistry. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorpyrifos; Aquatic environment; Hydrolysis; Colloids; Pesticides; Organophosphates; Chemical degradation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding an Orthologue of ROUGH SHEATH2 (OsRS2) from Rice AN - 17587263; 6459824 AB - Understanding the molecular mechanisms of making leaves from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is one of the important issues in plant developmental biology. In this paper, we report on the isolation and characterization of the OsRS2 gene, which corresponds to the maize ROUGH SHEATH2 (RS2). In situ mRNA localization of OsRS2 has revealed that OsRS2 is preferentially expressed at future vascular regions and the abaxial side of lateral organ primordia around SAM. Rice has several advantages in studying on the molecular basis of the phyllotaxis because of its relatively simple phyllotactic pattern. Thus, OsRS2 will be useful for analyzing the mechanism of the leaf initiation in SAM as a molecular marker of primordium of lateral organs in SAM. JF - Plant Biotechnology AU - Sato, Y AU - Nishimura, A AU - Sakamoto, T AU - Ashikari, M AU - Matsuoka, M AD - University of California, Berkeley, USDA/ARS-Plant Gene Expression Center Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 11 EP - 18 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 1342-4580, 1342-4580 KW - Rice KW - maize KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Molecular modelling KW - Primordia KW - Meristems KW - Leaves KW - Oryza sativa KW - mRNA KW - Shoots KW - cDNA KW - Zea mays KW - Vascular system KW - W2 32385:DNA/RNA KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17587263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+Characterization+of+a+cDNA+Encoding+an+Orthologue+of+ROUGH+SHEATH2+%28OsRS2%29+from+Rice&rft.au=Sato%2C+Y%3BNishimura%2C+A%3BSakamoto%2C+T%3BAshikari%2C+M%3BMatsuoka%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sato&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13424580&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oryza sativa; Zea mays; Leaves; Meristems; Shoots; Vascular system; cDNA; Molecular modelling; mRNA; Primordia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of fourier transforms to define landscape scales of analysis for disturbances: a case study of thinned and unthinned forest stands AN - 17040760; 5556647 AB - Various disturbances such as disease and management practices cause canopy gaps that change patterns of forest stand structure. This study examined the usefulness of digital image analysis using aerial photos, Fourier Tranforms, and cluster analysis to investigate how different spatial statistics are affected by spatial scale. The specific aims were to: 1) evaluate how a Fourier filter could be used to classify canopy gap sizes objectively, 2) determine which statistics might be useful for detecting and measuring disturbance impacts, and 3) examine the potential for this method to determine spatial domains in a pair of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stands in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. The eventual goal is to develop an operational method of assessing the impacts of natural disturbances such as disease. Results indicated that several spatial metrics discriminated between harvested and unharvested stands. We hypothesize that these metrics will be useful as spatial measures of disease impact if the analyses are performed on specific size classes of forest gaps. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Lundquist, JE AU - Sommerfeld, R A AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 240 West Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, jlundquist@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 445 EP - 454 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17040760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nursing+Times&rft.atitle=Benefits+of+digital+thoracic+drainage+systems%3A+NT+NT+NT&rft.au=Danitsch%2C+Debbie&rft.aulast=Danitsch&rft.aufirst=Debbie&rft.date=2012-03-13&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nursing+Times&rft.issn=09547762&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pre-Wetting Effect on Furrow Irrigation Erosion: A Field Study AN - 16145981; 5515968 AB - Flowing water quickly saturates dry surface soil as water advances in irrigation furrows. Conversely, rain wets surface soil before runoff occurs. Rapid wetting destroys soil aggregates as water quickly displaces trapped air. Slowly increasing soil water content prior to saturation increases aggregate stability. We hypothesized that instantaneous wetting of dry surface soil during furrow irrigation results in greater soil erosion than if furrow soil was pre-wet immediately before irrigation. We conducted ten irrigation trials on 27-m long furrows in three different fields. Soil was pre-wet by surface drip irrigation (12 to 14 mm) or by lightly spraying with water (1.3 mm). Pre-wetting with drip irrigation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced soil loss for 5 of the first 7 irrigations compared to dry soil. The pre-wetting effect on soil loss was not always dramatic, but cumulative soil loss for the first seven irrigations was significantly different among the three treatments: 16, 30, and 56 Mg ha super(-1) for drip, spray, and dry treatments, respectively. The dry treatment never had less soil loss than either pre-wetting treatment. Pre-wetting furrow soil by spraying apparently did not add enough water to stabilize soil aggregates and decrease soil erosion for most irrigations. This study demonstrated that erosion was greater when water flowed over initially dry soil, which is typical with furrow irrigation, compared to water flowing over initially wet soil, which occurs during rain. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bjorneberg, D L AU - Sojka, R E AU - Aase, J K AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83341-5076, USA, bdavid@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 717 EP - 722 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil Aggregates KW - Furrow Irrigation KW - Wetting KW - Irrigation Water KW - Drip Irrigation KW - Soil Erosion KW - Saturation KW - Runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16145981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Pre-Wetting+Effect+on+Furrow+Irrigation+Erosion%3A+A+Field+Study&rft.au=Bjorneberg%2C+D+L%3BSojka%2C+R+E%3BAase%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Bjorneberg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil Aggregates; Furrow Irrigation; Wetting; Irrigation Water; Saturation; Soil Erosion; Drip Irrigation; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constructed Wetland Design and Performance for Swine Lagoon Wastewater Treatment AN - 16145145; 5515969 AB - Although constructed wetlands have been identified as a potentially important component of animal wastewater treatment systems, their design requirements have been based mainly on municipal systems. The objective of this investigation was to examine various design approaches for constructed wetlands in relation to the performance of our constructed wetlands for swine wastewater treatment. The free water surface wetlands in Duplin County, North Carolina, investigated in this study were constructed in 1992 based on the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) presumptive design method. We used four wetland cells (3.6 m x 33.5 m) with two cells connected in series; the two series of cells were planted and predominated, respectively, by either bulrushes or cattails and were studied from 1993 to 1999. The wetlands were effective in treating nitrogen with mean total nitrogen and ammonia-N concentration reductions of approximately 85%; however, they were not effective in the treatment of phosphorus. Regression analyses of outflow concentration vs. inflow concentration and hydraulic loading rate for total N and ammonia-N were reasonably correlated (r super(2) greater than or equal to 0.66 and r super(2) greater than or equal to 0.65, respectively). Our calculated first-order plug-flow kinetics model rate constants (K sub(20)) for total-N and ammonia-N (8.4 and 8.9, respectively) were slightly lower than those reported in the limited literature and currently recommended for use in constructed wetland design. Nonetheless, use of our calculated rate constants would result in about the same size constructed wetland for treating swine lagoon wastewater. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Stone, K C AU - Hunt, P G AU - Szoegi, A A AU - Humenik, F J AU - Rice, J M AD - USDA-ARS, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA, stone@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 723 EP - 730 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Regression Analysis KW - Artificial wetlands KW - Phosphorus KW - Artificial Wetlands KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Lagoons KW - USA, North Carolina, Duplin Cty. KW - Natural Resources KW - Wetlands KW - Animal Wastes KW - Barn Wastewater KW - Animal wastes KW - Resource conservation KW - Ammonia KW - Aquatic plants KW - Bulrushes KW - Livestock KW - Cattails KW - Hydraulic Loading KW - Natural resources KW - Nature conservation KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - Q2 09169:Fluid mechanics KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16145145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Constructed+Wetland+Design+and+Performance+for+Swine+Lagoon+Wastewater+Treatment&rft.au=Stone%2C+K+C%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BSzoegi%2C+A+A%3BHumenik%2C+F+J%3BRice%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=723&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource conservation; Natural resources; Aquatic plants; Nature conservation; Wetlands; Lagoons; Wastewater treatment; Animal wastes; Ammonia; Artificial wetlands; Nitrogen; Livestock; Barn Wastewater; Regression Analysis; Phosphorus; Bulrushes; Artificial Wetlands; Hydraulic Loading; Cattails; Natural Resources; Animal Wastes; Wastewater Treatment; USA, North Carolina, Duplin Cty.; USA, North Carolina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of Vegetation in Erosion Control from Forest Road Sideslopes AN - 16145143; 5515964 AB - Forest roads have been identified as the major contributor to sediment production from forested lands, accounting for perhaps as much as 90% of all sediment produced. In recent years, increased concern and societal pressure has focused on the impacts of forest roads and the effectiveness of erosion control measures. In addition, the re-introduction of native species for erosion control has become a priority on many forestlands. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a wood excelsior erosion mat, native species vegetation, and exotic species vegetation treatments in erosion control from forest road sideslopes in the Talladega National Forest in Alabama over a 4-year period. In comparison to bare soil control plots, treatments significantly reduced sediment and runoff yield from the road sideslopes. Mean sediment yield from the native species vegetation, exotic species vegetation, and erosion mat treatments were 1.1, 0.45, and 0.80 g m super(-2) mm super(-1), respectively. The native species vegetation was as effective as the exotic species vegetation and erosion mat in reducing sediment yield from the forest road sideslopes. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Grace, JM III AD - Forest Operations Research to Achieve Sustainable Management, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, G. W. Andrews Forestry Sciences Lab., 520 Devall Drive, Auburn, Alabama 36830, USA, jmgrace@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 681 EP - 685 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Vegetation KW - Forests KW - Sediments KW - USA, Alabama KW - Erosion KW - Roads KW - Erosion Control KW - Sediment Yield KW - USA, Alabama, Talladega Natl. Forest KW - Highway Effects KW - Environment management KW - Runoff KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16145143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+Vegetation+in+Erosion+Control+from+Forest+Road+Sideslopes&rft.au=Grace%2C+JM+III&rft.aulast=Grace&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=681&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Forests; Vegetation; Environment management; Sediments; Runoff; Roads; Sediment Yield; Erosion Control; Highway Effects; USA, Alabama; USA, Alabama, Talladega Natl. Forest ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Swine Wastewater from an Anaerobic Lagoon AN - 16144512; 5515959 AB - Animal waste management is a national concern that demands effective and affordable methods of treatment. We investigated constructed wetlands from 1993 through 1997 at a swine production facility in North Carolina for their effectiveness in treatment of swine wastewater from an anaerobic lagoon. We used four wetland cells (3.6 x 33.5 m) with two cells connected in series. The cells were constructed by removing topsoil, sealing cell bottoms with 0.30 m of compacted clay, and covering with 0.25 m of loamy sand topsoil. One set of cells was planted with bulrushes (Scirpus americanus, Scirpus cyperinus, and Scirpus validus) and rush (Juncus effusus). The other set of cells was planted with bur-reed (Sparganium americanum) and cattails (Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia). Wastewater flow and concentrations were measured at the inlet of the first and second cells and at the exit of the second cell for both the bulrush and cattail wetlands. Nitrogen was effectively removed at mean monthly loading rates of 3 to 40 kg N ha super(-1) day super(-1); removals were generally >75% when loadings were <25 kg ha super(-1) day super(-1). In contrast, P was not consistently removed. Neither plant growth nor plant litter/soil accumulation was a major factor in N removal after the loading rates exceeded 10 kg N ha super(-1) day super(-1). However, the soil-plant-litter matrix was important because it provided carbon and reaction sites for denitrification, the likely major treatment component. Soil Eh (oxidative/reductive potential) values were in the reduced range (<300 mV), and nitrate was generally absent from the wetlands. Furthermore, the wetlands had the capacity to remove more nitrate-N according to denitrification enzyme activity determinations. Our results show that constructed wetlands can be very effective in the removal of N from anaerobic lagoon-treated swine wastewater. However, wetlands will need to be augmented with some form of enhanced P removal to be effective in both P and N treatments at high loading rates. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hunt, P G AU - Szoegi, A A AU - Humenik, F J AU - Rice, J M AU - Matheny, T A AU - Stone, K C AD - USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501-1242, USA, hunt@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 639 EP - 647 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Organic wastes KW - Artificial Wetlands KW - Lagoons KW - Scirpus cyperinus KW - Juncus effusus KW - Denitrification KW - Scirpus americanus KW - Wetlands KW - Coastal inlets KW - Animal Wastes KW - Sparganium americanum KW - ANW, USA, North Carolina KW - Barn Wastewater KW - Nitrates KW - Scirpus validus KW - Aquatic plants KW - Enzymes KW - Bulrushes KW - Typha angustifolia KW - Cattails KW - Soil mechanics KW - Typha latifolia KW - Load Distribution KW - Plant growth KW - Anaerobic Lagoons KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - Redox potential KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - Q2 09101:General works UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16144512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Constructed+Wetlands+for+Treatment+of+Swine+Wastewater+from+an+Anaerobic+Lagoon&rft.au=Hunt%2C+P+G%3BSzoegi%2C+A+A%3BHumenik%2C+F+J%3BRice%2C+J+M%3BMatheny%2C+T+A%3BStone%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil mechanics; Organic wastes; Denitrification; Aquatic plants; Coastal inlets; Plant growth; Wetlands; Lagoons; Redox potential; Barn Wastewater; Cattails; Nitrates; Load Distribution; Enzymes; Anaerobic Lagoons; Animal Wastes; Bulrushes; Wastewater Treatment; Artificial Wetlands; Typha angustifolia; Scirpus cyperinus; Typha latifolia; Scirpus validus; Juncus effusus; Scirpus americanus; Sparganium americanum; ANW, USA, North Carolina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ammonia Volatilization from Constructed Wetlands that Treat Swine Wastewater AN - 16141393; 5515954 AB - Increasingly, large-scale animal production occurs in confinement where large per-unit-area quantities of waste are generated. With the increased scale of production, new environment-friendly technologies are needed to deal with the waste. Constructed wetlands are considered an alternative treatment, but it is not known if volatilization of free ammonia (NH sub(3)) governs nitrogen removal in these systems. The objective of this research was to quantify the NH sub(3) volatilization from constructed wetlands that treat swine wastewater. In May and July of 2000, a specially designed enclosure was used to measure NH sub(3) volatilization from constructed wetlands receiving swine wastewater. Laboratory and field calibration tests indicated that the enclosure was effective at measuring NH sub(3) volatilization. Wetland tests indicated that NH sub(3) volatilization was occurring. From average hourly rates, it was estimated that 7% to 16% of the nitrogen load to the wetlands was removed through NH sub(3) volatilization. Although NH sub(3) losses should not be ignored, results indicated that NH sub(3) volatilization was not responsible for removing the majority of nitrogen from the swine wastewater. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Poach, ME AU - Hunt, P G AU - Sadler, E J AU - Matheny, T A AU - Johnson, M H AU - Stone, K C AU - Humenik, F J AU - Rice, J M AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501-1241, USA, poach@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002 PY - 2002 DA - 2002 SP - 619 EP - 927 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - artificial wetlands KW - swine KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Testing Procedures KW - Barn Wastewater KW - Animal wastes KW - Ammonia KW - Nitrogen Removal KW - Artificial Wetlands KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Livestock KW - Vaporization KW - Nitrogen removal KW - Wetlands KW - Animal Wastes KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - Nitrogen KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16141393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Ammonia+Volatilization+from+Constructed+Wetlands+that+Treat+Swine+Wastewater&rft.au=Poach%2C+ME%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BSadler%2C+E+J%3BMatheny%2C+T+A%3BJohnson%2C+M+H%3BStone%2C+K+C%3BHumenik%2C+F+J%3BRice%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Poach&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vaporization; Nitrogen removal; Animal wastes; Ammonia; Wetlands; Wastewater treatment; Livestock; Testing Procedures; Barn Wastewater; Nitrogen Removal; Animal Wastes; Wastewater Treatment; Artificial Wetlands; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of copper levels in runoff from fresh-market vegetable production using polyethylene mulch or a vegetative mulch AN - 16134646; 5388660 AB - Runoff from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production with polyethylene mulch has been implicated in the failure of commercial shellfish farms in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States. Copper, applied in the form of copper hydroxide, is the most widely used fungicide-bactericide for control of tomato diseases and recently has been detected in the Chesapeake Bay (USA) watershed. Elevated levels of copper have been shown to have adverse effects on shellfish, finfish, and other aquatic organisms. This research evaluates the off-site movement of copper with the dissolved phase and the particulate phase of runoff from controlled field plots containing tomato plants grown in either polyethylene mulch or a vegetative mulch, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.). Overall, runoff collected from polyethylene mulch plots contained significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) greater loads of dissolved- and particulate-phase copper than runoff from hairy vetch mulch plots. However, the loss of copper associated with the particulate phase was significantly greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) than that associated with the dissolved phase of runoff from both mulch treatments, with the particulate phase accounting for more than 80% of the copper loads. The reported toxicity of copper to aquatic organisms and the greater runoff volume, soil loss, and off-site loading of copper measured in runoff from the polyethylene mulch suggests that this management practice is less sustainable and may have a more harmful impact on aquatic ecosystems. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Rice, P J AU - McConnell, L L AU - Heighton, L P AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - Isensee, A R AU - Teasdale, J R AU - Abdul-Baki, A A AU - Harman-Fetcho, JA AU - Hapeman, C J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, hapemanc@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2002/01// PY - 2002 DA - Jan 2002 SP - 24 EP - 30 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - polyethylene KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Mulches KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Vegetables KW - Food KW - Copper KW - Aquaculture KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Soil KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - USA, Mid-Atlantic Region KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - Toxicity KW - Runoff Volume KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Fungicides KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16134646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+copper+levels+in+runoff+from+fresh-market+vegetable+production+using+polyethylene+mulch+or+a+vegetative+mulch&rft.au=Rice%2C+P+J%3BMcConnell%2C+L+L%3BHeighton%2C+L+P%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M%3BIsensee%2C+A+R%3BTeasdale%2C+J+R%3BAbdul-Baki%2C+A+A%3BHarman-Fetcho%2C+JA%3BHapeman%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mulches; Vegetables; Food; Fungicides; Copper; Soil; Toxicity; Agricultural Runoff; Agricultural Chemicals; Fate of Pollutants; Water Pollution Effects; Aquaculture; Runoff Volume; Lycopersicon esculentum; USA, Mid-Atlantic Region; USA, Chesapeake Bay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of oral sodium chlorate administration on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the gut of experimentally infected pigs. AN - 72394372; 11789929 AB - Strategies are sought to reduce pathogenic Escherichia coli concentrations in food animals. Because E. coli possess respiratory nitrate reductase activity, which also reduces chlorate to cytotoxic chlorite, we tested and found that oral sodium chlorate administration reduced gut concentrations of E. coli O157:H7 in experimentally infected pigs and wildtype E. coli concentrations in nonchallenged pigs. Mean +/- S.E. concentrations (log10 CFU/g) of E. coli O157:H7 in ileal, cecal, colonic and rectal contents from placebo-treated pigs were 4.03 +/- 0.66, 3.82 +/- 0.24, 4.42 +/- 0.25 and 4.03 +/- 0.16, respectively. In contrast, E. coli O157:H7 concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) in ileal (1.56 +/- 0.22) cecal (2.65 +/- 0.38), colonic (3.05 +/- 0.38) and rectal (3.00 +/- 0.29) contents from pigs orally administered three successive (8 h apart) 10-ml doses of 100 mM chlorate. Wildtype E. coli concentrations in gut contents of non-E. coli O157:H7-challenged pigs likewise treated with chlorate were reduced by 1.1 to 4.5 log10 units compared to concentrations in placebo-treated pigs, which exceeded 6.0 log10 CFU/g. As before, the reductions were greater in anterior regions of the gut than regions more caudal. Similar treatment of E. coli O157:H7-challenged pigs with 200 mM chlorate caused reductions in gut concentrations of E. coli O157:H7; however, the reductions were not necessarily greater than those achieved with the 100 mM chlorate treatment. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Anderson, R C AU - Callaway, T R AU - Buckley, S A AU - Anderson, T J AU - Genovese, K J AU - Sheffield, C L AU - Nisbet, D J AD - USDA/ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845, USA. anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2001/12/30/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 30 SP - 125 EP - 130 VL - 71 IS - 2-3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Chlorates KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - sodium chlorate KW - T95DR77GMR KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Swine -- microbiology KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Herbicides -- administration & dosage KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Chlorates -- pharmacology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Chlorates -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72394372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+oral+sodium+chlorate+administration+on+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+the+gut+of+experimentally+infected+pigs.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R+C%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BBuckley%2C+S+A%3BAnderson%2C+T+J%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BSheffield%2C+C+L%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-12-30&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Nonnative Trout on Pacific Treefrogs (Hyla regilla) in the Sierra Nevada AN - 18371390; 5356262 AB - We used analyses based on surveys of > 1700 water bodies in a 100,000-ha area in the John Muir Wilderness (JMW) and Kings Canyon National Park (KCNP) to determine the influence of nonnative trout on the distribution and abundance of Hyla regilla in the High Sierra Nevada. At the landscape scale (JMW compared to KCNP), a negative relationship between trout and frogs in lakes was evident. In the JMW study area where trout are more abundant, only 7.2% of all water bodies contained H. regilla versus 26.6% in the KCNP study area. Also, the percentage of the total water body surface area containing H. regilla was 19.4 times higher in the KCNP study area than in the JMW study area. Hyla regilla were most abundant in portions of KCNP where the probability of finding lakes with trout is lowest and least abundant in the northern part of the JMW where the probability of finding lakes with trout is highest. At the water body scale, after accounting for the effects of all significant habitat and isolation variables, the odds of finding H. regilla in water bodies with no trout was 2.4 times greater than in water bodies with trout, and the expected number of H. regilla in water bodies with H. regilla and without trout was 3.7 times greater than in water bodies with both H. regilla and trout. Hyla regilla were significantly more likely to be found at the lower elevations (3000-3400 m) compared to higher elevations (3400-3800 m) and in shallow water bodies with high percentages of silt in near-shore habitats. Our study demonstrates a negative relationship between fish presence and H. regilla distribution and abundance in lakes and suggests that H. regilla has declined in portions of the High Sierra with high numbers of trout-containing lakes. It adds an additional native species to the mounting evidence of landscape-scale declines of native species resulting from the introduction of predatory fish. JF - Copeia AU - Matthews, K R AU - Pope, K L AU - Preisler, H K AU - Knapp, R A AD - U.S.D.A. Pacific Southwest Research Station Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA, kmatthews@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/12/20/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 20 SP - 1130 EP - 1137 VL - 2001 IS - 4 SN - 0045-8511, 0045-8511 KW - Salmonids KW - native frogs KW - population declines KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Freshwater KW - Q5 01523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q1 01483:Species interactions: general KW - D 04669:Amphibians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18371390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Copeia&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Nonnative+Trout+on+Pacific+Treefrogs+%28Hyla+regilla%29+in+the+Sierra+Nevada&rft.au=Matthews%2C+K+R%3BPope%2C+K+L%3BPreisler%2C+H+K%3BKnapp%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-12-20&rft.volume=2001&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Copeia&rft.issn=00458511&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multidrug resistance as a dominant molecular marker in transformation of wine yeast AN - 18357995; 5312010 AB - Pure wine yeast cultures are increasingly used in winemaking to perform controlled fermentations and produce wine of reproducible quality. For the genetic manipulation of natural wine yeast strains dominant selective markers are obviously useful. Here we demonstrate the successful use of the mutated PDR3 gene as a dominant molecular marker for the selection of transformants of prototrophic wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The selected transformants displayed a multidrug resistance phenotype that was resistant to strobilurin derivatives and azoles used to control pathogenic fungi in agriculture and medicine, respectively. Random amplification of DNA sequences and electrophoretic karyotyping of the host and transformed strains after microvinification experiments resulted in the same gel electrophoresis patterns. The chemical and sensory analysis of experimental wines proved that the used transformants preserved all their useful winemaking properties indicating that the pdr3-9 allele does not deteriorate the technological properties of the transformed wine yeast strain. JF - Journal of Biotechnology AU - Kozovska, Z AU - Maraz, A AU - Magyar, I AU - Subik, J AD - Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina B-2, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia, subik@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2001/12/14/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 14 SP - 27 EP - 35 VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0168-1656, 0168-1656 KW - budding yeast KW - PDR3 gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Fermentation KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Genetic markers KW - Multidrug resistance KW - Wine KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18357995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buffalo+News&rft.atitle=Novel+treatment+on+fetus+raises+hope+for+those+with+rare+condition%3A+Procedure+%3Cspan+class%3D%22hit%22%3Eremoves%3C%2Fspan%3E+excess+fluid+from+lungs&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2015-08-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=D.27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Buffalo+News&rft.issn=07452691&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Genetic markers; Transformation; Multidrug resistance; Wine; Fermentation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Passive sampler for measurements of atmospheric nitric acid vapor (HNO3) concentrations. AN - 71355748; 12805717 AB - Nitric acid (HNO3) vapor is an important nitrogenous air pollutant responsible for increasing saturation of forests with nitrogen and direct injury to plants. The USDA Forest Service and University of California researchers have developed a simple and inexpensive passive sampler for monitoring air concentrations of HNO3. Nitric acid is selectively absorbed on 47-mm Nylasorb nylon filters with no interference from particulate NO3-. Concentrations determined with the passive samplers closely corresponded with those measured with the co-located honeycomb annular denuder systems. The PVC protective caps of standardized dimensions protect nylon filters from rain and wind and allow for reliable measurements of ambient HNO3 concentrations. The described samplers have been successfully used in Sequoia National Park, the San Bernardino Mountains, and on Mammoth Mountain in California. JF - TheScientificWorldJournal AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Padgett, P E AU - Arbaugh, M J AU - Parker, D R AU - Jones, D P AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, California 92507, USA. abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/12/05/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 05 SP - 815 EP - 822 VL - 1 KW - Gases KW - 0 KW - Nylons KW - Nitric Acid KW - 411VRN1TV4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - California KW - Filtration -- instrumentation KW - Volatilization KW - Calibration KW - Atmosphere -- chemistry KW - Air Pollution -- analysis KW - Gases -- analysis KW - Nitric Acid -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71355748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.atitle=Passive+sampler+for+measurements+of+atmospheric+nitric+acid+vapor+%28HNO3%29+concentrations.&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BPadgett%2C+P+E%3BArbaugh%2C+M+J%3BParker%2C+D+R%3BJones%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-12-05&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Journal+of+Surgery&rft.issn=03642313&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00268-015-3158-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An innovative approach for locating and evaluating subsurface pathways for nitrogen loss. AN - 71366818; 12805741 AB - Fundamental watershed-scale processes governing chemical flux to neighboring ecosystems are so poorly understood that effective strategies for mitigating chemical contamination cannot be formulated. Characterization of evapotranspiration, surface runoff, plant uptake, subsurface preferential flow, behavior of the chemicals in neighboring ecosystems, and an understanding of how crop management practices influence these processes are needed. Adequate characterization of subsurface flow has been especially difficult because conventional sampling methods are ineffective for measuring preferential flow of water and solutes. A sampling strategy based on ground-penetrating radar (GPR) mapping of subsurface structures coupled with near real-time soil moisture data, surface topography, remotely sensed imagery, and a geographic information system (GIS) appears to offer a means of accurately identifying subsurface preferential flow pathways. Four small adjacent watersheds draining into a riparian wetland and first-order stream at the USDA-ARS Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD are being studied with this protocol. The spatial location of some preferential flow pathways for chemicals exiting these agricultural watersheds to the neighboring ecosystems have been identified. Confirmation of the pathways is via examination of patterns in yield monitor data and remote sensing imagery. JF - TheScientificWorldJournal AU - Walthall, C L AU - Gish, T J AU - Daughtry, C S AU - Dulaney, W P AU - Kung, K J AU - McCarty, G AU - Timlin, D AU - Angier, J T AU - Buss, P AU - Houser, P R AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. cwalthall@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2001/12/04/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 04 SP - 223 EP - 229 VL - 1 Suppl 2 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ecosystem KW - Agriculture KW - Fresh Water KW - Water Movements KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Nitrogen -- analysis KW - Waste Management -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71366818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Respiration&rft.atitle=Indwelling+Pleural+Catheters&rft.au=Bhatnagar%2C+Rahul%3BMaskell%2C+Nick+A&rft.aulast=Bhatnagar&rft.aufirst=Rahul&rft.date=2014-06-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Respiration&rft.issn=00257931&rft_id=info:doi/10.1159%2F000360769 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro study of the biochemical origin and production limits of odorous compounds in cattle feedlots. AN - 72413726; 11811446 AB - Livestock odors are closely correlated to airborne concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOC), which are a complex mixture of carbon-, sulfur-, and nitrogen-containing compounds produced primarily during the incomplete anaerobic fermentation of animal manure by microorganisms. Volatile fatty acids, alcohols, and aromatic ring compounds comprise a substantial fraction of VOC, yet very little is known about their biochemical origin and environmental factors controlling their production. The anaerobic production of fermentation products and consumption of substrates (CP, starch, and nonstarch carbohydrate) were analyzed in slurries of fresh ( 1 d) cattle manure over several weeks. Ethanol, acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, and H2 were the major products of fermentation. Aged cattle manure produced twice the concentration of VFA during incubation produced by the fresh manure (P < 0.001). Aromatic compounds (phenols, indoles, and benzoates) remained unchanged in both manures. Production of VFA from fresh manure was inhibited when the pH fell below 4.5. It is likely that the presence of calcareous soil, which has a high buffering capacity, and lactate-consuming microorganisms minimized acidification in the aged manure slurries. Low starch content limited VFA production in the aged manure. Starch was the likely biochemical source for fermentation products in both manures based on the strong negative correlations between fermentation product and starch content (r = -0.944 and -0.773) and ratio of fermentation products produced to starch consumed (r = 0.64 and 0.72) for fresh and aged manure, respectively. Nonstarch carbohydrate served an indeterminate role in the production of fermentation products. Nonstarch carbohydrate decreased by 4.7 and 23.4 g/L in the fresh and aged manure, respectively, whereas the starch content decreased by 18.6 and 22.4 g/L in the fresh and aged manure, respectively. The concentration of CP did not change, which suggests a balance between protein consumption and new bacterial biomass production. We conclude that the types of substrates in cattle manure and the feedlot soils where they are deposited are significant factors in the production of odors. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Miller, D N AU - Varel, V H AD - U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA. miller@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 2949 EP - 2956 VL - 79 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile KW - 0 KW - Manure KW - Starch KW - 9005-25-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile -- biosynthesis KW - Fermentation KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Volatilization KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Starch -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Odorants -- analysis KW - Bacteria, Anaerobic -- metabolism KW - Manure -- microbiology KW - Carbohydrate Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72413726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medical+Devices+%26+Surgical+Technology+Week&rft.atitle=Cardiovascular+and+Thoracic+Surgery%3B+Study+Findings+from+Department+of+Cardiothoracic+Surgery+Provide+New+Insights+into+Cardiovascular+and+Thoracic+Surgery&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2013-05-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+Devices+%26+Surgical+Technology+Week&rft.issn=15371409&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of temperature, organic amendment rate and moisture content on the degradation of 1,3-dichloropropene in soil. AN - 72404419; 11802597 AB - 1,3-Dichloropropene (1,3-D), which consists of two isomers, (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D, is considered to be a viable alternative to methyl bromide, but atmospheric emission of 1,3-D is often associated with deterioration of air quality. To minimize environmental impacts of 1,3-D, emission control strategies are in need of investigation. One approach to reduce 1,3-D emissions is to accelerate its degradation by incorporating organic amendments into the soil surface. In this study, we investigated the ability of four organic amendments to enhance the rate of degradation of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D in a sandy loam soil. Degradation of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D was well described by first-order kinetics, and rates of degradation for the two isomers were similar. Composted steer manure (SM) was the most reactive of the organic amendments tested. The half-life of both the (Z)- and (E)-isomers in unamended soil at 20 degrees C was 6.3 days; those in 5% SM-amended soil were 1.8 and 1.9 days, respectively. At 40 degrees C, the half-life of both isomers in 5% SM-amended soil was 0.5 day. Activation energy values for amended soil at 2, 5 and 10% SM were 56.5, 53.4 and 64.5 kJ mol-1, respectively. At 20 degrees C, the contribution of degradation from biological mechanisms was largest in soil amended with SM, but chemical mechanisms still accounted for more than 58% of the (Z)- and (E)-1,3-D degradation. The effect of temperature and amendment rate upon degradation should be considered when describing the fate and transport of 1,3-D isomers in soil. Use of organic soil amendments appears to be a promising method to enhance fumigant degradation and reduce volatile emissions. JF - Pest management science AU - Dungan, R S AU - Gan, J AU - Yates, S R AD - USDA-ARS, Soil Physics and Pesticides Research Unit, 450W Big Springs Rd, George E Brown Jr Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, California 92507, USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1107 EP - 1113 VL - 57 IS - 12 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Allyl Compounds KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Insecticides KW - Manure KW - Soil KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - 1,3-dichloro-1-propene KW - 9H780918D0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Kinetics KW - Energy Metabolism -- drug effects KW - Silicon Dioxide -- administration & dosage KW - Temperature KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Humidity KW - Time Factors KW - Water -- administration & dosage KW - Biodegradation, Environmental -- drug effects KW - Manure -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Insecticides -- chemistry KW - Allyl Compounds -- chemistry KW - Allyl Compounds -- metabolism KW - Manure -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72404419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Surgery&rft.atitle=Surgical+stabilization+of+severe+rib+fractures+decreases+incidence+of+retained+hemothorax+and+empyema&rft.au=Majercik%2C+Sarah%3BVijayakumar%2C+Sathya%3BOlsen%2C+Griffin%3BWilson%2C+Emily%3BGardner%2C+Scott%3BGranger%2C+Steven+R%3BVan+Boerum%2C+Don+H%3BWhite%2C+Thomas+W&rft.aulast=Majercik&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+Journal+of+Surgery&rft.issn=00029610&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amjsurg.2015.08.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethanol consumption alters electroretinograms and depletes neural tissues of docosahexaenoic acid in rhesus monkeys: nutritional consequences of a low n-3 fatty acid diet. AN - 72391597; 11781509 AB - Alcohol amblyopia is a rare neuropathy characterized by the development of blurred vision and a reduction in visual acuity. Further diagnostic details of this condition have shown abnormalities in the electroretinogram (ERG) that include an increase in implicit times in the a- and b-waves and a depression of b-wave amplitude. Periodically, the ERGs and the fatty acyl composition of nervous tissue were analyzed from alcohol-consuming rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) (mean consumption 2.6 g kg/day over a 5-year period) and controls that were maintained on a nutritionally sufficient diet that had low, yet adequate, amounts of linoleic acid but very low alpha-linolenic acid. Animals consuming alcohol had increased a- and b-wave implicit times and decreased b-wave amplitudes in their electroretinograms compared with those of the dietary control group at 2.5 and 5 years. The fatty acyl composition of brain specimens obtained by surgical biopsy at baseline, 2.5 years, and 5 years demonstrated that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had decreased in both groups of animals compared with baseline values. In the brains of the alcohol-treated animals, DHA was even further decreased (2.5 years: -20%; 5 years: -33%) compared with the diet controls. In the retinas of the alcohol-consuming animals at 5 years, there was a similar decrease in DHA (-35%) compared with controls. Generally, the n-6 fatty acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-6) increased in these tissues, apparently compensating for the loss of DHA. A reciprocal change in the DHA/DPAn-6 ratio is known to be associated with abnormal electroretinograms in a number of species. Thus, a marginal intake of n-3 fatty acids in some alcohol abusers may, in part, be responsible for the biochemical changes that underlie the diminished retinal function associated with the visual abnormalities observed in alcohol-amblyopic patients. JF - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research AU - Pawlosky, R J AU - Bacher, J AU - Salem, N AD - Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center ARS, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. pawlosky@bhnrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1758 EP - 1765 VL - 25 IS - 12 SN - 0145-6008, 0145-6008 KW - Fatty Acids KW - 0 KW - Fatty Acids, Omega-3 KW - Docosahexaenoic Acids KW - 25167-62-8 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Vision Disorders -- etiology KW - Brain Chemistry KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Alcoholism -- complications KW - Retina -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Fatty Acids -- analysis KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena KW - Fatty Acids, Omega-3 -- physiology KW - Docosahexaenoic Acids -- metabolism KW - Ethanol -- administration & dosage KW - Fatty Acids, Omega-3 -- administration & dosage KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Electroretinography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72391597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.atitle=Ethanol+consumption+alters+electroretinograms+and+depletes+neural+tissues+of+docosahexaenoic+acid+in+rhesus+monkeys%3A+nutritional+consequences+of+a+low+n-3+fatty+acid+diet.&rft.au=Pawlosky%2C+R+J%3BBacher%2C+J%3BSalem%2C+N&rft.aulast=Pawlosky&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1758&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.issn=01456008&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consumer acceptance of irradiated meat and poultry in the United States. AN - 72382759; 11770633 AB - Food manufacturers in the United States are currently allowed to irradiate raw meat and poultry to control microbial pathogens and began marketing irradiated beef products in mid-2000. Consumers can reduce their risk of foodborne illness by substituting irradiated meat and poultry for nonirradiated products, particularly if they are more susceptible to foodborne illness. The objective of this study was to identify the individual characteristics associated with willingness to buy irradiated meat and poultry, with a focus on five risk factors for foodborne illness: unsafe food handling and consumption behavior, young and old age, and compromised immune status. A logistic regression model of willingness to buy irradiated meat or poultry was estimated using data from the 1998-1999 FoodNet Population Survey, a single-stage random-digit dialing telephone survey conducted in seven sites covering 11% of the U.S. population. Nearly one-half (49.8%) of the 10,780 adult respondents were willing to buy irradiated meat or poultry. After adjusting for other factors, consumer acceptance of these products was associated with male gender, greater education, higher household income, food irradiation knowledge, household exposure to raw meat and poultry, consumption of animal flesh, and geographic location. However, there was no difference in consumer acceptance by any of the foodborne illness risk factors. It is unclear why persons at increased risk of foodborne illness were not more willing to buy irradiated products, which could reduce the hazards they faced from handling or undercooking raw meat or poultry contaminated by microbial pathogens. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Frenzen, P D AU - DeBess, E E AU - Hechemy, K E AU - Kassenborg, H AU - Kennedy, M AU - McCombs, K AU - McNees, A AU - FoodNet Working Group AD - Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20036, USA. pfrenzen@ers.usda.gov ; FoodNet Working Group Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 2020 EP - 2026 VL - 64 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Age Factors KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Food Irradiation KW - Consumer Behavior KW - Immunocompromised Host KW - Meat -- standards KW - Meat -- radiation effects KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72382759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Consumer+acceptance+of+irradiated+meat+and+poultry+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Frenzen%2C+P+D%3BDeBess%2C+E+E%3BHechemy%2C+K+E%3BKassenborg%2C+H%3BKennedy%2C+M%3BMcCombs%2C+K%3BMcNees%2C+A%3BFoodNet+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Frenzen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2020&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-10 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanical barrier for preventing climbing by lesser mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and hide beetle (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) larvae in poultry houses. AN - 72382177; 11777072 AB - Mechanical barriers consisting of bands of polyethylene terepthalate resin attached to wooden posts by latex caulk adhesive and staples were 100% effective in preventing passage of dispersing lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), larvae in the laboratory. Barriers continued to be 100% effective after beinig held in a caged layer poultry house for 3 mo. Polyethylene terepthalate barriers installed on support posts in a pullet house in Brooker, FL, were >92% effective against natural populations of lesser mealworm larvae 6 mo after installation. The barriers also were >94% effective against natural populations of larvae of the hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus DeGeer, when fly populations were low. Fecal spot depositions by house flies in excess of 31 cumulative fly spots per square centimeter on spot cards reduced the effectiveness of the barriers to 79-90%, and barrier efficacy was reduced to 40-56% when fly spots covered >80% of the surface of the plastic. Washing the barriers with water to remove fly spots restored their effectiveness against hide beetle larvae to >99%. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Geden, C J AU - Carlson, D A AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1610 EP - 1616 VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Larva KW - Biological Assay KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Beetles KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72382177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Mechanical+barrier+for+preventing+climbing+by+lesser+mealworm+%28Coleoptera%3A+Tenebrionidae%29+and+hide+beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Dermestidae%29+larvae+in+poultry+houses.&rft.au=Geden%2C+C+J%3BCarlson%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Geden&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1610&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of a phototoxic dye, phloxine B, against three species of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). AN - 72380256; 11777044 AB - The xanthene dye phloxine B (D&C Red #28) bait was sprayed against fruit flies in mango orchards in 1996 and 1997. The flies used for testing were Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), and Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedeman). Results of the experiments indicate that the toxic efficacy of phloxine B against these fruit flies is as good as that of malathion-bait sprays. Results also indicate that type of protein used with phloxine B can dramatically influence its efficacy. Hydrolyzed proteins of corn origin, Mazoferm 802 and Nutriplus, and one from microbial origin, Coltec yeast broth, were best. Phloxine B-bait applications as complete coverage or alternate swaths reduced fly populations as well as 19.5 or 9.8% (AI) malathion-Captor 300. Applications of phloxine B bait at concentrations of 0.12% phloxine B reduced populations as well as those applied at 0.48% (AI). The fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata was adversely affected when exposed to phloxine B-Nutriplus bait but not when exposed to the other proteins. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Moreno, D S AU - Celedonio, H AU - Mangan, R L AU - Zavala, J L AU - Montoya, P AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Research, Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1419 EP - 1427 VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Pheromones KW - insect attractants KW - Eosine I Bluish KW - OMS4XQD1T0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Population Density KW - Dermatitis, Phototoxic KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Diptera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72380256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+a+phototoxic+dye%2C+phloxine+B%2C+against+three+species+of+fruit+flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29.&rft.au=Moreno%2C+D+S%3BCeledonio%2C+H%3BMangan%2C+R+L%3BZavala%2C+J+L%3BMontoya%2C+P&rft.aulast=Moreno&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consumption of residue containing cucurbitacin feeding stimulant and reduced rates of carbaryl insecticide by western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). AN - 72379581; 11777045 AB - Application of insecticide at a reduced rate with a cucurbitacin-based feeding stimulant is a viable alternative to a broadcast insecticide application for control of adult western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, LeConte. Because of the small amount of material applied, it is conceivable that a high density of beetles could consume all of the spray residue before economic control is achieved. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the amount of cucurbitacin-based spray residue consumed by beetles. Dried residue of four treatments were exposed to three groups of 10 rootworm beetles for 1 h each. Treatments consisted of a cucurbitacin-based adjuvant (Cidetrak CRW, Trécé, Salinas, CA) with carbaryl insecticide (Sevin XLR Plus, Rhone Poulenc, Research Triangle Park, NC) mixed at 0, 0.12, 1.2, and 12 g (AI)/liter. For the treatment with cucurbitacin adjuvant only (no insecticide), beetles consumed 0.029 mg beetle(-1) h(-1) of exposure. Approximately 54% of the beetles were recorded as feeding at any given time during the 60-min feeding period. However, when the spray residue contained carbaryl, no weight loss of treatment residue was measured, though the beetles were observed to feed from the residue during the first few minutes of exposure. When residue included insecticide, beetles quickly ceased feeding (within 20 min), and toxicity behavior was observed 30 min after initial exposure for up to 75% of the beetles, which were classified as moribund (unable to stand upright). Beetle mortality was recorded 24 h after exposure and demonstrated that male beetles (53% dead for three insecticide treatments) were more susceptible to carbaryl toxicity than female beetles (28% dead for three insecticide treatments). Regression analysis showed a significant positive relationship between mortality of female beetles and ovarian development. Based on the measurements of this experiment, it is unlikely that realistic beetle densities would consume enough spray residue to prevent economic control of the beetle population. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Behle, R W AD - Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604-3902, USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1428 EP - 1433 VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Appetite Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Triterpenes KW - Cucurbitacins KW - 60137-06-6 KW - Carbaryl KW - R890C8J3N1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sex Ratio KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Beetles KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72379581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Consumption+of+residue+containing+cucurbitacin+feeding+stimulant+and+reduced+rates+of+carbaryl+insecticide+by+western+corn+rootworm+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29.&rft.au=Behle%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Behle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1428&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial and quality attributes of ground pork prepared from commercial pork trim treated with combination intervention processes. AN - 72379561; 11770627 AB - The effects of combination intervention treatments of commercial pork trim on microbial and quality attributes of the subsequent ground pork were examined. Fresh commercial pork trim was inoculated with swine feces and subjected to five different intervention treatments: (i) control (untreated), (ii) water (15 degrees C, 120 s), (iii) water followed by 2% lactic acid wash (15 degrees C, 75 s), (iv) Combination 1 (water plus lactic acid plus hot air [510 degrees C, 90 s]), and (v) Combination 2 (hot air plus water plus hot air). Following treatment, the pork trim was stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h, then ground, stuffed, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4 degrees C for 21 days. Populations of aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and lactic acid bacteria in the ground pork were monitored before treatment, after treatment (day 0), and at 2, 7, 14 and 21 days. In addition, uninoculated pork trim was treated as described above, and the color and emulsion stability of the ground product was evaluated. Ground pork prepared from trim treated with any of the treatment processes had lower initial microbial populations compared to the untreated samples. The applications of water plus lactic acid or Combination 1, which included a lactic acid wash, were more effective than water or Combination 2 at both reducing initial populations and suppressing the growth of aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and E. coli in ground pork during refrigerated storage. By day 21, populations of aerobic bacteria in ground pork prepared from control, water-treated, and Combination 2-treated trim were 8.22 to 8.32 log CFU/g, but in water plus lactic acid and Combination 1 ground pork, populations were 6.32 and 4.90 log CFU/g, respectively. Among the trim interventions examined, Combination 1 was most detrimental to the color and emulsion stability of the ground pork. The water plus lactic acid treatment provided the greatest microbial reduction and inhibition without large negative effects on quality attributes of the ground pork. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Castelo, M M AU - Koohmaraie, M AU - Berry, E D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1981 EP - 1987 VL - 64 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Temperature KW - Food Contamination KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Quality Control KW - Food Packaging KW - Meat Products -- standards KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Food Preservation -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72379561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Microbial+and+quality+attributes+of+ground+pork+prepared+from+commercial+pork+trim+treated+with+combination+intervention+processes.&rft.au=Castelo%2C+M+M%3BKoohmaraie%2C+M%3BBerry%2C+E+D&rft.aulast=Castelo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1981&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-10 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Broiler carcass contamination with Campylobacter from feces during defeathering. AN - 72378811; 11770639 AB - Three sets of experiments were conducted to explore the increase in recovery of Campylobacter from broiler carcasses after defeathering. In the first set of experiments, live broilers obtained from a commercial processor were transported to a pilot plant, and breast skin was sampled by a sponge wipe method before and after defeathering. One of 120 broiler breast skin samples was positive for Campylobacter before defeathering, and 95 of 120 were positive after defeathering. In the second set of experiments, Campylobacter-free flocks were identified, subjected to feed withdrawal, and transported to the pilot plant. Carcasses were intracloacally inoculated with Campylobacter (10(7) CFU) just prior to entering the scald tank. Breast skin sponge samples were negative for Campylobacter before carcasses entered the picker (0 of 120 samples). After defeathering, 69 of 120 samples were positive for Campylobacter, with an average of log10 2.7 CFU per sample (approximately 30 cm2). The third set of experiments was conducted using Campylobacter-positive broilers obtained at a commercial processing plant and transported live to the pilot plant. Just prior to scalding, the cloacae were plugged with tampons and sutured shut on half of the carcasses. Plugged carcasses were scalded, and breast skin samples taken before and after defeathering were compared with those collected from control broilers from the same flock. Prior to defeathering, 1 of 120 breast skin sponge samples were positive for the control carcasses, and 0 of 120 were positive for the plugged carcasses. After passing through the picker, 120 of 120 control carcasses had positive breast skin sponge samples, with an average of log10 4.2 CFU per sample (approximately 30 cm2). Only 13 of 120 plugged carcasses had detectable numbers of Campylobacter on the breast skin sponge, with an average of log10 2.5 CFU per sample. These data indicate that an increase in the recovery of Campylobacter after defeathering can be related to the escape of contaminated feces from the cloaca during defeathering. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Berrang, M E AU - Buhr, R J AU - Cason, J A AU - Dickens, J A AD - USDA-ARS Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 2063 EP - 2066 VL - 64 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Skin -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Food Microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Hygiene KW - Feathers -- microbiology KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72378811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Broiler+carcass+contamination+with+Campylobacter+from+feces+during+defeathering.&rft.au=Berrang%2C+M+E%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BCason%2C+J+A%3BDickens%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Berrang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2063&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-10 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of vegetable oil in a pilot-scale denitrifying barrier. AN - 72324221; 11816990 AB - Nitrate in drinking water is a hazard to both humans and animals. Contaminated water can cause methemoglobinemia and may pose a cancer risk. Permeable barriers containing innocuous oils, which stimulate denitrification, can remove nitrate from flowing groundwater. For this study, a sand tank (1.1 x 2.0 x 0.085 m in size) containing sand was used as a one-dimensional open-top scale model of an aquifer. A meter-long area near the center of the tank contained sand coated with soybean oil. This region served as a permeable denitrifying barrier. Water containing 20 mg l(-1) nitrate-N was pumped through the barrier at a high flow rate, 1112 l week(-1), for 30 weeks. During the 30-week study, the barrier removed 39% of the total nitrate-N present in the water. The barrier was most efficient during the first 10 weeks of the study when almost all of the nitrate and nitrogen was removed. Efficiency declined with time so that by week 30 almost no nitrate was removed by the system. Nitrite levels in the effluent water remained low throughout the study. Barriers could be used to protect groundwater from nitrate contamination or for the in situ treatment of contaminated water. At the low flow rates that exist in most aquifers, such barriers should be effective at removing nitrate from groundwater for a much longer period of time. JF - Journal of contaminant hydrology AU - Hunter, W J AD - USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. jhunter@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2001/12/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 01 SP - 119 EP - 131 VL - 53 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - Nitrates KW - 0 KW - Plant Oils KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Permeability KW - Water Movements KW - Temperature KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Water Supply KW - Water Purification -- methods KW - Nitrates -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72324221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+contaminant+hydrology&rft.atitle=Use+of+vegetable+oil+in+a+pilot-scale+denitrifying+barrier.&rft.au=Hunter%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+contaminant+hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-19 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of four clustered and coregulated genes associated with fumonisin biosynthesis in Fusarium verticillioides. AN - 72310740; 11728154 AB - Fumonisins are mycotoxins that cause several fatal animal diseases, including cancer in rats and mice. These toxins are produced by several Fusarium species, including the maize pathogen Fusarium verticillioides, and can accumulate in maize infected with the fungus. We have identified four F. verticillioides genes (FUM6, FUM7, FUM8, and FUM9) adjacent to FUM5, a previously identified polyketide synthase gene that is required for fumonisin biosynthesis. Gene disruption analysis revealed that FUM6 and FUM8 are required for fumonisin production and Northern blot analysis revealed that expression of all four recently identified genes is correlated with fumonisin production. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the predicted FUM6 translation product is most similar to cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-P450 reductase fusion proteins and the predicted products of FUM7, FUM8, and FUM9 are most similar to type III alcohol dehydrogenases, class-II alpha-aminotransferases, and dioxygenases, respectively. Together, these data are consistent with FUM5 through FUM9 being part of a fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster in F. verticillioides. JF - Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B AU - Seo, J A AU - Proctor, R H AU - Plattner, R D AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 155 EP - 165 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 1087-1845, 1087-1845 KW - Carboxylic Acids KW - 0 KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - Mycotoxins KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Alcohol Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Alcohol Dehydrogenase -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- genetics KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Multigene Family KW - Fusarium -- genetics KW - Carboxylic Acids -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72310740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+four+clustered+and+coregulated+genes+associated+with+fumonisin+biosynthesis+in+Fusarium+verticillioides.&rft.au=Seo%2C+J+A%3BProctor%2C+R+H%3BPlattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Seo&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF155773; GENBANK N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apparent copper absorption from a vegetarian diet. AN - 72304338; 11722963 AB - Vegetarian diets often contain more copper than do nonvegetarian diets, but observations of decreased plasma copper associated with vegetarian diets suggest that these diets have lower copper bioavailability than do nonvegetarian diets. Our objective was to determine apparent copper absorption from controlled lactoovovegetarian and nonvegetarian diets. Eighteen women aged 20-43 y consumed lactoovovegetarian and nonvegetarian weighed diets for 8 wk each in a randomized, crossover design. The lactoovovegetarian and nonvegetarian diets provided 1.45 and 0.94 mg Cu, 38 and 16 g dietary fiber, and 1584 and 518 mg phytic acid, respectively, per 9.2 MJ (2200 kcal). After the women had been consuming each diet for 4 wk, their apparent copper absorption was determined by measuring the fecal excretion of the 65Cu stable isotope, extrinsically added to the entire menu as 65CuCl2. Plasma copper and ceruloplasmin were not affected by diet. The efficiency of apparent copper absorption from the lactoovovegetarian diet was less (33%) than that from the nonvegetarian diet (42%) (pooled SD: 9%; P < 0.05). However, because the lactoovovegetarian diet contained approximately 50% more copper, the total apparent copper absorption from the lactoovovegetarian diet (0.48 mg/d) was greater than that from the nonvegetarian diet (0.40 mg/d) (pooled SD: 0.09 mg; P < 0.05). Although copper was less efficiently absorbed from a vegetarian diet than from a nonvegetarian diet, total apparent copper absorption was greater from the vegetarian diet because of its greater copper content. JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition AU - Hunt, J R AU - Vanderpool, R A AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA. jhunt@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 803 EP - 807 VL - 74 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - Isotopes KW - 0 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Phytic Acid KW - 7IGF0S7R8I KW - Ceruloplasmin KW - EC 1.16.3.1 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Ceruloplasmin -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Cross-Over Studies KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Female KW - Biological Availability KW - Phytic Acid -- adverse effects KW - Copper -- pharmacokinetics KW - Copper -- analysis KW - Diet, Vegetarian KW - Feces -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72304338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.atitle=Apparent+copper+absorption+from+a+vegetarian+diet.&rft.au=Hunt%2C+J+R%3BVanderpool%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=803&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.issn=00029165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-18 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of resistant soil carbon of Midwestern agricultural soils measured by naturally occurring (super 14) C abundance AN - 52164435; 2002-000868 AB - Information on the mean residence time (MRT) of soil organic carbon (SOC) on different soil types and management regimes is required for pedo-geological, agronomic, ecological and global change interpretations. This is best determined by carbon dating the total soil together with acid hydrolysis and carbon dating of the non-hydrolyzable residue (NHC). Midwestern US soils in a transect from Lamberton, MN to Kutztown, PA were found to contain from 33% to 65% of their SOC in the non-hydrolyzable fraction. Soils on lacustrine deposits had the most NHC; glacial till and shale soils, the least. The MRTs of the SOC of surface horizons of soil ranged from modern to 1100 years with an average of 560 years. The MRT increased to an average of 1700 years in the 25-50-cm depth increment and 2757 years at 50-100 cm. The NHC was 1340 years greater at the surface and 5584 years at depth. The MRTs of the total SOC were inversely correlated to sand and directly related to clay content. Silt did not have a significant effect on the MRT of total SOC, but was significantly correlated with the MRT of the NHC. A four-parameter model described the relationship between the SOC content and MRT. The complexity of this equation reflected the strong effect of depth, which greatly decreased SOC while increasing the MRT. The MRT of these soils, as determined with carbon dating of the naturally occurring (super 14) C, was compared to that measured with the (super 13) C signal produced by approximately 30 years of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (C (sub 4) ) on soils with a known plant history of C (sub 3) -C (sub 4) cropping. The equation of (super 14) C MRT=176( (super 13) CMRT) (super 0.54) with an R (super 2) of 0.70 showed that although short-term (super 13) C studies correlate well with the total MRT, they reflect the dynamics of the active and slow pools, not the total SOC. JF - Geoderma AU - Paul, E A AU - Collins, H P AU - Leavitt, S W Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 239 EP - 256 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 104 IS - 3-4 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - United States KW - soils KW - Quaternary KW - isotopes KW - agriculture KW - hydrolysis KW - global change KW - Holocene KW - Cenozoic KW - radioactive isotopes KW - dates KW - carbon KW - residence time KW - parent materials KW - absolute age KW - C-14 KW - organic carbon KW - geochemistry KW - Midwest KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52164435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+resistant+soil+carbon+of+Midwestern+agricultural+soils+measured+by+naturally+occurring+%28super+14%29+C+abundance&rft.au=Paul%2C+E+A%3BCollins%2C+H+P%3BLeavitt%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absolute age; agriculture; C-14; carbon; Cenozoic; dates; geochemistry; global change; Holocene; hydrolysis; isotopes; Midwest; organic carbon; parent materials; Quaternary; radioactive isotopes; residence time; soils; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transport and fate of atrazine and lambda-cyhalothrin in an agricultural drainage ditch in the Mississippi Delta, USA AN - 20676797; 5293294 AB - Drainage ditches are integral components of agricultural production landscape, yet their contaminant mitigation capacity has been scarcely examined. If ditches are indeed capable of contaminant mitigation, then their use may serve as an alternative agricultural best management practice (BMP). A 50 m portion of an agricultural drainage ditch, located in the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area (MDMSEA), USA, was amended with a mixture of water, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) (herbicide) and lambda-cyhalothrin ( lambda -cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2 - dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate) (insecticide), simulating a storm runoff event. Pesticide amendment was achieved using a diffuser to disperse the mixture at an inflow point along the ditch (designated as "0 m"). Pesticide concentrations in water, sediment, and plants were monitored for 28 days. One hour following initiation of simulated runoff, mean percentages of atrazine concentrations measured in water and sediment were 37 and 2%, respectively, while mean percentages of lambda-cyhalothrin concentrations in water and sediment were 12 and 1%, respectively. Atrazine and lambda-cyhalothrin mean percentage concentrations in plants (Polygonum (water smartweed), Leersia (cutgrass), and Sporobolus (smutgrass)) were 61 and 87%, respectively. Therefore, plants serve as an important site for pesticide sorption during runoff events. Aqueous concentrations of both pesticides decreased to levels which would not elicit non-target toxicological effects by the end of the 50 m portion of the drainage ditch. This research provides fundamental answers concerning the capability of vegetated agricultural drainage ditches to mitigate pesticide-associated storm water runoff. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Moore, M T AU - Bennett, E R AU - Cooper, C M AU - Smith, S Jr AU - Shields, FD Jr AU - Milam, C D AU - Farris, J L AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, moore@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 309 EP - 314 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Atrazine KW - Drainage ditches KW - USA, Mississippi Delta KW - lambda-cyhalothrin KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Freshwater KW - Water Resources Management KW - Water quality KW - Storm Water KW - best practices KW - Insecticides KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Sporobolus KW - Sorption KW - Polygonum KW - Landscape KW - agriculture KW - Aquatic plants KW - Best Management Practices KW - Leersia KW - Contaminants KW - Runoff KW - Drainage water KW - Agriculture KW - Drainage Ditches KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta KW - Deltas KW - mitigation KW - Pollutants KW - Stormwater runoff KW - deltas KW - Water pollution treatment KW - Plant populations KW - Sediment pollution KW - Drainage KW - Herbicides KW - Sediments KW - Plant Populations KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Pesticides KW - drainage water KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20676797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Transport+and+fate+of+atrazine+and+lambda-cyhalothrin+in+an+agricultural+drainage+ditch+in+the+Mississippi+Delta%2C+USA&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+T%3BBennett%2C+E+R%3BCooper%2C+C+M%3BSmith%2C+S+Jr%3BShields%2C+FD+Jr%3BMilam%2C+C+D%3BFarris%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioaccumulation; Insecticides; Stormwater runoff; Water pollution treatment; Aquatic plants; Herbicides; Water quality; Plant populations; Agricultural runoff; Drainage water; Sorption; Drainage; Landscape; Pesticides; Atrazine; Contaminants; Sediments; Runoff; Sediment pollution; agriculture; mitigation; best practices; deltas; drainage water; Agriculture; Storm Water; Plant Populations; Drainage Ditches; Pollutants; Best Management Practices; Deltas; Water Resources Management; Polygonum; Leersia; Sporobolus; ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comment: The USA national parks in international perspective: have we learned the wrong lesson? AN - 19924804; 5368344 AB - The USA's parks should not be a model for the rest of the world; they reflect a unique national history and culture, and a level of affluence different from that of many other countries. Yet in spite of the social and ecological shortcomings of the USA national parks, they do provide a wealth of real-world experience and illustrate different approaches in the process of balancing people's needs and desires with nature protection. A stark debate between strict protection and sustainable use ignores the fact that, in practice, parks and protected areas must be managed in a way that generates social support and conserves ecosystems, and that this is a complex and interactive process made up of short-term partial success, mis-steps, and corrections in the effort to satisfy multiple constituencies and achieve real results. The USA's national park experience has much to teach us about this. JF - Environmental Conservation AU - Schelhas, J AD - USDA Forest Service, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA, jschelhas@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 300 EP - 304 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0376-8929, 0376-8929 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Human Population KW - USA KW - National parks KW - Ecosystem management KW - Conservation KW - Sustainable development KW - Environment management KW - Environmental protection KW - M1 320:Environmental & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19924804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Conservation&rft.atitle=Comment%3A+The+USA+national+parks+in+international+perspective%3A+have+we+learned+the+wrong+lesson%3F&rft.au=Schelhas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schelhas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Conservation&rft.issn=03768929&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0376892901000327 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecosystem management; National parks; Sustainable development; Conservation; Environment management; Environmental protection; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892901000327 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological rhythms and the management of humid tropical forests. Examples from the Caribbean National Forest, Puerto Rico AN - 19918602; 5273519 AB - A common premise in modern forest management is that land management should operate over large enough spatial and temporal scales that common natural disturbances are present and implicitly considered. Less emphasis has been focused on managing humid tropical forest ecosystems with the periodic ecological processes that occur between disturbances. The central premise of this paper is that timing management activities to periodic ecological processes that occur between disturbances is an additional prerequisite for the effective management of humid tropical forests. Ecological rhythms are defined here as biological or biogeochemical processes that have definable periodicities and include phenological, circadian, biogeochemical, and behavioral processes. The paper documents the use of ecological rhythms in the management of endangered species and water resources in the Caribbean National Forest of Northeastern Puerto Rico. While this type of dynamic management has proven benefits, managers and regulatory agencies have been hesitant to utilize complex, ecologically based dynamic management schedules because they can be difficult to monitor and regulate. Fortunately, recent technological advantages greatly increase the ability to conduct complex real-time, spatially explicit management. Identifying important ecological rhythms and developing administrative structures that can integrate them into management will be a major challenge in both tropical and temperate environments in the coming decades. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Scatena, F N AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 25,000, 00928-5000 San Juan, PR USA Y1 - 2001/12/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 01 SP - 453 EP - 464 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 154 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population; Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Puerto rico KW - Puerto Rico KW - Tropical environment KW - Endangered species KW - Water resources KW - Social aspects KW - Disturbance KW - M1 200:Human Population-Biosphere Interactions KW - D 04700:Management KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19918602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Ecological+rhythms+and+the+management+of+humid+tropical+forests.+Examples+from+the+Caribbean+National+Forest%2C+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Scatena%2C+F+N&rft.aulast=Scatena&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Tropical environment; Water resources; Endangered species; Social aspects; Disturbance; Puerto rico; Puerto Rico ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sealing pond bottoms with muddy water AN - 18582085; 5335414 AB - Seepage losses from constructed wetlands, wildlife refuges, wastewater lagoons, runoff collection ponds, and other engineered surface impoundments of water or aquatic ecosystems in areas with deep groundwater levels can be minimized with artificial liners (plastic, compacted earth, etc.) or with natural processes like sediment accumulation and microbiological and chemical processes. Sediment accumulation can be increased by deliberately adding soil slurries or muddy (turbid) water. When these are applied to the water surface, settling of the particles to the bottom then creates a graded sediment layer with the coarsest particles on the bottom and the finest particles on top. Column studies in the laboratory showed that, for a given amount of soil added, such a graded layer gives more seepage control than a compacted earth liner. Also, split slurry applications to create a layered lining gave more seepage control than when the same total amount of soil was given in one single slurry application. Subsequent addition of sodium carbonate to the water reduced seepage even more, giving a total seepage reduction in the columns from 1000 to 0.2 cm/day. The study also indicates the importance of avoiding turbid inflows into infiltration basins for groundwater recharge, as well as soil erosion within the basins themselves, if infiltration rates need to be maximized. JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Bouwer, H AU - Ludke, J AU - Rice, R C AD - USDA-ARS, US Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, hbouwer@uswcl.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 233 EP - 238 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - Artificial Wetlands KW - constructed wetlands KW - seepage control KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Engineering KW - Surface-groundwater Relations KW - Impoundments KW - Infiltration KW - Mud KW - Freshwater KW - Linings KW - Lagoons KW - Ponds KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18582085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=Sealing+pond+bottoms+with+muddy+water&rft.au=Bouwer%2C+H%3BLudke%2C+J%3BRice%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Bouwer&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Engineering&rft.issn=09258574&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Engineering; Impoundments; Ponds; Surface-groundwater Relations; Infiltration; Mud; Linings; Lagoons; Artificial Wetlands; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modified drop-box weir for monitoring watershed flows under extreme approach channel conditions AN - 18580974; 5390919 AB - Flows under extreme weir approach conditions are difficult to measure accurately. They occur when there are rapid flows, steep channels, skewed flows in sinuous channels, and flows laden with sediment. Building on previous studies, the drop-box weir was modified and evaluated for use in steep and skewed stream channels found in small watersheds. Modifications to the modified drop-box weir (MDBW) included preventing water from overtopping the back wall of the box (forcing all water to enter the sides of the box), extending the vertical side walls at the V section of the weir to preclude water flow out of the weir-measuring section at high flows, and use of a channel baffle for energy dissipation. Three energy-dissipation configurations upstream of the box and 20 upstream approach conditions were tested. The approach-channel angles ranged from 0 degree to 45 degree , and approach-channel slopes ranged from 5% to 75%. The investigations showed that an upstream baffle yielded a stable rating curve compared with two other energy-dissipation measures. Statistical analyses of the rating curve parameters of the MDBW for each of the 20 approach conditions were similar, leading to the conclusion that the rating was independent of approach channel angle and slope at all flows when an upstream baffle was used to dissipate flow energy. The rating curve was composed of five linear segments on a log-log grid with relative gauge-height (R = gauge height/depth of V notch of weir) boundaries at 0.058, 0.11, 0.27, and 0.49. Data suggest that departures in the low-flow rating (R less than or equal to 0.27) between weirs may be due to differences in weir fabrication, and field rating using the results and procedures of this study are recommended. Changes in the slopes of these linear rating segments were associated with observed flow conditions in the weir. A maximum R of 0.63 was recommended for sizing a MDBW, but R = 0.78 could be used if monitoring equipment had sufficient water-depth resolution. The rating curve developed in this study was nearly identical to those developed in another independent study, in which flows were directed at a 90 degree approach angle by gutters, and with part of the rating curve of the original drop-box weir. This suggests that the rating in this study is applicable to extreme approach angles beyond the 45 degree angle tested in this study. Guidelines for weir sizing and developing rating curves for the MDBW are given. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bonta, J V AU - Goyal, V C AD - USDA-ARS, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, P.O. Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA, bonta@coshocton.com Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1581 EP - 1591 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Weirs KW - Measuring Instruments KW - Watershed Management KW - Flowmeters KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18580974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Modified+drop-box+weir+for+monitoring+watershed+flows+under+extreme+approach+channel+conditions&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V%3BGoyal%2C+V+C&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weirs; Measuring Instruments; Flowmeters; Watershed Management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modified SCS curve number method for predicting subsurface drainage flow AN - 18576980; 5390927 AB - Agricultural fields in Central Illinois are predominantly drained by subsurface drainage systems, which often are in depressional areas. The prediction of outflow from drainage systems is a challenge. The SCS curve number (SCS-CN) method is a popular method for evaluating direct runoff from rainfall. The concept behind this method can be applied to subsurface drainage flow. The SCS-CN method was modified through theoretical analogy and term redevelopment to estimate subsurface drainage flow from rainfall. The analogical theory is that when accumulated subsurface drainage flow is plotted versus accumulated infiltration, subsurface drainage flow starts after some infiltration has accumulated and the relationship becomes asymptotic to a line of 45 degree slope, just as the generalized SCS rainfall-runoff relationship. Procedures are introduced for modification of the SCS-CN method and determination of curve numbers for subsurface drainage flow. In the process of defining curve numbers for drainage flow, it was found that the curve number varied not only with season but also with rainfall amount. In addition, the curve number varied with previous rainfall condition as with the traditional SCS-CN method. The best previous rainfall adjustment is based on the 10-day previous rainfall for subsurface flow prediction. The curve number is sensitive to the fraction of initial abstraction (k). However, this does not mean that predicted flows resulting from different k values are significantly different, since the equation for flow prediction changes when k is changed; in fact, the predicted flow is not sensitive to the fraction of initial abstraction to potential maximum retention of the watershed. The modified SCS-CN method was applied to estimate subsurface drainage flow for five drainage monitoring stations in the Little Vermilion River (LVR) watershed in East-Central Illinois. Predicted subsurface flows using the modified SCS-CN method were compared with observed subsurface flows. Statistical tests showed that the predicted subsurface flows using the modified SCS-CN method were not significantly different from the observed subsurface flows. Validation performed on two of the sites using modified curve number relationships from the other sites showed that the predicted subsurface drainage flows were not significantly different from the observed subsurface drainage flows. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Yuan, Y AU - Mitchell, J K AU - Hirschi, M C AU - Cooke, RAC AD - USDA-ARS-NSL, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, yuan@sedlab.olemiss.edu Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1673 EP - 1682 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Illinois KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Drainage KW - Storm Seepage KW - Cultivated Lands KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18576980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Modified+SCS+curve+number+method+for+predicting+subsurface+drainage+flow&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Y%3BMitchell%2C+J+K%3BHirschi%2C+M+C%3BCooke%2C+RAC&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1673&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural Runoff; Drainage; Storm Seepage; Cultivated Lands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing and estimating spatial and temporal variability of times between storms AN - 18572709; 5390920 AB - An exploratory investigation was conducted on methods to characterize times between storms and estimate a parameter used to identify storms in a precipitation record for the purpose of simulating the occurrence of storms. The parameter is called the "critical duration" (CD) and is fundamental to the operation of a storm-generator model. It is defined as the minimum dry period between storms that separates bursts of rainfall into statistically independent storms. Data used covered an area of about 225,000 km super(2) in the plains area of Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas, and Wyoming for the months from May through September. The exponential method that yields an exponential frequency distribution of times between storms (TBS) appears to give reasonable fits to the data. However, some precipitation gauge data yield CD estimates that appear to be individual months. CD varies noticeably with month and location. An equation developed earlier for estimating CD over a wide range of climates is inadequate for estimating monthly CD values. Computing CD by collapsing TBS and precipitation data into 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-month periods did not improve the estimating capability of the equation. Separate regressions for monthly CD data against average monthly precipitation were statistically insignificant for all months, and led to computing averages of the data for each month. A multiplicative power equation that was successful in another study to estimate monthly CD did not work as in the present study. Mapping CD over the study area appears to be the best method to estimate CD on ungauged areas for parameterization and storm modeling. The study results are useful for guiding storm-generation model development and parameterization, and drought studies. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Bonta, J V AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, North Appalachian Experimental Watershed, P.O. Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA, bonta@coshocton.com Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1593 EP - 1601 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Statistical analysis KW - Weather Forecasting KW - Precipitation KW - Storms KW - Model Studies KW - Rainfall data analysis KW - Monthly precipitation KW - USA KW - Storm models KW - Regression analysis KW - SW 0815:Precipitation KW - M2 551.577.37:Excessive falls in short or long periods (551.577.37) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18572709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Characterizing+and+estimating+spatial+and+temporal+variability+of+times+between+storms&rft.au=Bonta%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Bonta&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monthly precipitation; Spatial distribution; Storm models; Statistical analysis; Regression analysis; Storms; Rainfall data analysis; Weather Forecasting; Precipitation; Model Studies; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pore-water pressure effects on the detachment of cohesive streambeds: Seepage forces and matric suction AN - 18572007; 5318071 AB - Erosion of cohesive channel materials is not fully understood, but is assumed to occur largely as a result of hydraulic shear stress. However, field and laboratory observations of pore-water pressures in cohesive streambed materials reveal the presence of positive and negative pore-water pressure effects that may significantly affect the erosion process, as contributing and resisting forces respectively. Measurements of pore-water pressures below cohesive streambeds in the loess area of the midwestern USA were conducted in situ and in undisturbed cores with a digital, miniature tensiometer. Results disclosed matric suction values in the range of 15-50 kPa in eastern Nebraska and northern Mississippi. Repetitive tests in soft materials verified a change from positive pore-water pressures in the upper 10-15 cm, to negative pore-water pressures to depths of at least 50 cm. In firm materials, the entire sampled profile was unsaturated. Laboratory experiments were carried out in which synthetic hydrographs were imposed on undisturbed streambed cores from the same sites. Miniature tensiometers in the cores monitored the resulting pattern of pore-water pressures, and revealed upward directed seepage forces on the recessional limb of the hydrograph. Maximum calculated values of the force ranged from 10 to 275 kN for the materials and heads tested. The maximum value obtained after application and release of a 2.5 m head was 119 kN, with 275 kN after a 5.0 m head. These results were supported independently by subsequent simulations using a finite-element hydrology model coupled with a stress-deformation model. A numerical scheme was developed to calculate the forces acting on cohesive aggregates in an idealized streambed, and to evaluate the potential for their detachment. The scheme added upward-directed seepage as an additional driving force, and matric suction as an additional resisting force, to the commonly applied factors of particle weight, fluid drag and lift force. Results demonstrate that upward-directed seepage forces of the magnitude measured in the laboratory with 5.0 m stages have the potential to detach particles larger than 10 cm in diameter without requiring fluid drag and lift forces. When added to these hydraulic forces, erosion thresholds are lowered, enabling erosion at lower hydraulic stresses. A hypothesis for detachment of chips or blocks of cohesive bed material is proposed: (1) large (>5 m) rises in stage increase pore-water pressures or decrease matric suction dramatically in the region just below the bed surface; (2) a relatively rapid decrease in stage causing a loss of water pressure above the bed, combined with low-rates of excess pore-water pressure dissipation just below the bed surface result in steepened hydraulic gradients; and (3) a resulting net upward seepage force is great enough to contribute to detachment of cohesive bed material, or rupture the bed by exceeding the available strength and confining stress. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Simon, A AU - Collison, AJC AD - USDA-ARS, National Sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, asimon@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1421 EP - 1442 VL - 26 IS - 13 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - USA, Midwest KW - matric suction KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil moisture-erosion relationships KW - Pore water KW - Tensometers KW - Pore pressure KW - Soil erosion KW - Freshwater KW - Seepage KW - Soil moisture instruments KW - Finite Element Method KW - Shear Stress KW - Sediment transport KW - Seepages KW - Cohesive sediments KW - Pore Pressure KW - Shear stress KW - Interstitial Water KW - River Beds KW - Tensiometers KW - Erosion KW - River banks KW - Soil mechanics KW - Pressure effects KW - Hydraulic conductivity of soil KW - River beds KW - Q2 09283:Soil mechanics KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation KW - M2 556.14:Infiltration/Soil Moisture (556.14) KW - M2 551.579.5:Soil moisture, percolation (551.579.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18572007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Pore-water+pressure+effects+on+the+detachment+of+cohesive+streambeds%3A+Seepage+forces+and+matric+suction&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BCollison%2C+AJC&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.287 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Sediment Transport Dynamics. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tensometers; Shear stress; Pore water; Erosion; River banks; Soil mechanics; Pressure effects; Pore pressure; Sediment transport; Seepages; River beds; Cohesive sediments; Soil moisture-erosion relationships; Soil moisture instruments; Soil erosion; Hydraulic conductivity of soil; Pore Pressure; Finite Element Method; Shear Stress; Interstitial Water; Seepage; River Beds; Tensiometers; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.287 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GIS and distributed watershed models. I: Data coverages and sources AN - 18571393; 5278595 AB - The increasing proliferation of spatial data, geographic information systems (GIS), and models for hydrologic applications provide many new investigation opportunities but also present a number of challenges for the uninitiated water resources practitioner. This two-part paper is intended for the practicing engineer who wants to expand into the arena of spatial data and distributed watershed modeling. It provides an integrated overview of the multiple facets of data-GIS-modeling issues and a source of background information for selection and application of GIS in watershed modeling. This first paper addresses selected spatial data issues, data structures and projections, data sources, and information on data resolution and uncertainties. Spatial data that are covered include digital elevation data, stream and drainage data, soil data, digital orthophoto data, remotely sensed data, and radar precipitation data. The focus is on data and issues that are common to many data-GIS-modeling applications. The second paper presents issues on and examples of GIS and hydrologic models and provides recommendations with respect to organization and implementation of the integrated use of spatial data, GIS, and distributed watershed models. JF - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering AU - Garbrecht, J AU - Ogden, F L AU - DeBarry, P A AU - Maidment AD - U.S. Dept. of Agr., Agric. Res. Service, SPA, Grazinglands Res. Lab., 7207 W. Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK 73036, USA, garbrech@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 506 EP - 514 VL - 6 IS - 6 SN - 1084-0699, 1084-0699 KW - Distributed watershed modelling KW - Integrated usage KW - Spatial data KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Q5 01522:Protective measures and control KW - Q2 02162:Methods and instruments KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18571393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.atitle=GIS+and+distributed+watershed+models.+I%3A+Data+coverages+and+sources&rft.au=Garbrecht%2C+J%3BOgden%2C+F+L%3BDeBarry%2C+P+A%3BMaidment&rft.aulast=Garbrecht&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=506&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.issn=10840699&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutrients in runoff following the application of swine manure to interrill areas AN - 18571109; 5390925 AB - The P content of swine manure can be reduced through the addition of feed supplements or the use of selected corn hybrids. This study was conducted to compare interrill runoff losses of P and N from three soils following the application of swine manure obtained from selected diets. The soils used in this investigation included a Hersh sandy loam, Pierre silty clay, and Sharpsburg silt loam. Simulated rainfall was applied during both initial and wet runs to a soil pan on which swine manure produced from low phytate corn (LPC), phytase added to the diet (PHY), or a traditional corn diet (TCD) was added. Additional experimental treatments included inorganic fertilizer and an untreated check. For the initial rainfall simulation run, concentrations of dissolved P, bioavailable P, and Total P were greater for the fertilizer treatment than any of the manure treatments. Use of manure from a LPC diet generally did not result in a reduction in N and P concentrations in runoff when compared with the TCD. Concentrations and total amounts of nutrients transported in runoff were affected by soil type. Changing the TCD to LPC and PHY diets to reduce the P content of manure did not significantly affect the total amounts of DP, BAP, or Total P transported in runoff, when simulated rainfall was applied soon after manure application. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Gilley, JE AU - Eghball, B AU - Wienhold, B J AU - Miller, P S AD - USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska, L.W. Chase Hall, Room 251, Lincoln, NE 68583-0934, USA, jgilley1@unl.edu Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1651 EP - 1659 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Manure KW - Hogs KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Phosphorus KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18571109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Nutrients+in+runoff+following+the+application+of+swine+manure+to+interrill+areas&rft.au=Gilley%2C+JE%3BEghball%2C+B%3BWienhold%2C+B+J%3BMiller%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Gilley&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Agricultural Runoff; Manure; Hogs; Water Pollution Sources; Phosphorus; Nitrogen ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measured and simulated evaportranspiration of grain sorghum grown with full and limited irrigation in three high plains soils AN - 18571048; 5390916 AB - Water conservation in irrigated agriculture of the semi-arid Great Plains relies on accurate prediction of crop water use to gain the greatest benefit from declining irrigation water supplies. One method for estimating crop water use applies crop specific coefficients to adjust reference evapotranspiration (ET sub(o)). We compared daily measured evapotranspiration (ET sub(m)) of limited and fully irrigated grain sorghum to simulated ET (ET sub(c)) calculated using single and dual crop coefficients (K sub(c)) and a grass-referenced ET sub(o). We also compared simulated and actual applied irrigation water requirements that were based on full replacement of ET. The dual K sub(c) procedure contained separate coefficients for crop transpiration, soil water evaporation, and water stress, as compared with one coefficient in the single K sub(c) procedure. Short-season grain sorghum was grown in weighing lysimeters containing monolithic soil cores of Pullman, Ulysses, or Amarillo soil located in a rain shelter facility. With the dual K sub(c) procedure, the difference during the season between cumulative ET sub(c) and ET sub(m) varied from 2 mm to around 70 mm, and by the end of the season the maximum difference in all treatments was about 60 mm, or 10%. The single K sub(c) procedure underestimated final cumulative ET sub(m) in the fully irrigated treatments by as much as 120 mm. Simulated and actual applied irrigation amounts in the fully irrigated treatments were similar using the dual K sub(c) methodology, but the single K sub(c) methodology under-simulated irrigation needs by more than 100 mm in all treatments. The dual K sub(c) procedure improved water use predictions compared with the single K sub(c) procedure. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Tolk, JA AU - Howell, T A AD - USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Unit, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA, jtolk@cprl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1553 EP - 1558 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Irrigation KW - Soil-water-plant Relationships KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Water Conservation KW - Sorghum KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18571048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Measured+and+simulated+evaportranspiration+of+grain+sorghum+grown+with+full+and+limited+irrigation+in+three+high+plains+soils&rft.au=Tolk%2C+JA%3BHowell%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Tolk&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Irrigation; Evapotranspiration; Soil-water-plant Relationships; Water Conservation; Sorghum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clear-sky albedo measured at seven rangeland sites in southwest Idaho AN - 18570212; 5278598 AB - As a component of the energy budget, albedo is used in the calculation of evapotranspiration in many natural resource and hydrologic models. There are few measurements of albedo over sagebrush-dominated rangelands, so albedo was measured at seven sites on the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwest Idaho during 1989-1993. For all sites, the average albedo measured during midday under clear skies was 0.14 during the growing season. Albedo varied from a low of 0.11 during June at the Mountain big sagebrush site to a high of 0.17 at the low-elevation Wyoming big sagebrush site. Albedo varied little between about 2 h after sunrise and 2 h before sunset. JF - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering AU - Hanson, CL AD - USDA/ARS, Northwest Watershed Res. Ctr., 800 Park Blvd., Ste. 105. Boise, ID 83712-7716, USA Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 532 EP - 534 VL - 6 IS - 6 SN - 1084-0699, 1084-0699 KW - USA, Idaho KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration KW - M2 551.521.1/.18:Solar (551.521.1/.18) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18570212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.atitle=Clear-sky+albedo+measured+at+seven+rangeland+sites+in+southwest+Idaho&rft.au=Hanson%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=532&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrologic+Engineering&rft.issn=10840699&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Enteric virus contamination of shellfish: Intervention strategies AN - 18395569; 5385230 AB - Enteric viruses, such as hepatitis A, Norwalk-like caliciviruses, rotaviruses, and astroviruses, are responsible for outbreaks of food-borne illness. There are an estimated 9.2 million cases of food-borne Norwalk-like illness in the United States each year. The portion of those cases associated with shellfish is uncertain; however, shellfish are a major vector of human caliciviruses. In addition to the classical viral illnesses transmitted by shellfish, hepatitis E may become a potential threat to the shellfish consumer, particularly in Asian countries. Intervention strategies to enhance product safety include increased industry and consumer education; changes in harvesting and water monitoring practices, product management, and processing technologies; immunizations; and the development of improved detection methods. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Richards, G P Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1241 EP - 1243 PB - National Shellfisheries Association VL - 20 IS - 3 KW - marine molluscs KW - shellfish KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Q5 01524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - Q3 01581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 01627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18395569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Enteric+virus+contamination+of+shellfish%3A+Intervention+strategies&rft.au=Richards%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Salmonella Enteritidis Infection in Hens Molted via Long-Term Feed Withdrawal versus Full-Fed Wheat Middling AN - 18389156; 5376744 AB - Molting is an important economic management tool for the layer industry as a means of maximizing the effective laying life of a flock. Previous work has shown that molting birds through feed removal (FM) increased the severity of a Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection. The current study was conducted to follow the progression of an SE infection in unmolted hens versus hens molted via 14-day FM or ad libitum feeding of wheat middlings (WM), in the presence or absence of 2.5% lactose administered in the drinking water. In two trials of the experiment, all hens were infected with approximately 1 x 10 super(7) SE at day 4 of molt and sampled for SE shedding on days 4, 10, 17, and 24 postinfection (PI). Organ levels of SE were determined on day 7 PI. All molt procedures caused cessation of egg lay within 3 to 7 days. In trials 1 and 2, birds subjected to total FM shed 3 to 5 logs more SE than either the control birds (unmolted) or the birds fed WM on days 4 and 10 PI. Liver and spleen, ovary, and cecum counts were also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the fasted birds in one trial and liver and spleen and cecum counts in the second. No differences in any of the SE counts were observed in unmolted versus WM-fed birds. Lactose supplementation in drinking water did not provide any advantage in reducing SE infection in either trial. These results indicate that there are alternative methods to long-term FM that can be used to molt birds and not increase the risk for SE problems. How these alternative methods compare with FM with regard to second-cycle egg production and the mechanisms involved in the reduced SE shedding remain to be investigated. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Seo, Kun-Ho AU - Holt, P S AU - Gast, R K AD - USDA/ARS Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1917 EP - 1921 VL - 64 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Wheat KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18389156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Salmonella+Enteritidis+Infection+in+Hens+Molted+via+Long-Term+Feed+Withdrawal+versus+Full-Fed+Wheat+Middling&rft.au=Seo%2C+Kun-Ho%3BHolt%2C+P+S%3BGast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Seo&rft.aufirst=Kun-Ho&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1917&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens in the Broiler Chicken Processing Plant as Determined by Recovery in Iron Milk Medium AN - 18388220; 5376750 AB - Over 30 years ago, Clostridium perfringens was reported as a contaminant of the processing plant and processed carcasses of broiler chickens. Poultry processing procedures and methods for detecting C. perfringens have changed since that time. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the incidence and numbers of C. perfringens in the water of the scald tank, the water of the chill tank, and the rinse water of the processed carcasses from modern broiler chicken processing plants. In trial 1, collected samples were inoculated into iron milk medium (IMM) and incubated at 46 degree C for 18 h (the traditional method) or at 37 degree C for 3 h followed by incubation at 46 degree C for 15 h (an injury recovery method). Each of three preselected broiler chicken flocks from two integrators were the first processed for that processing shift. The overall incidence of confirmed C. perfringens in samples associated with the three flocks was 40% of postprocessing scald water samples, 13% of preprocessing chill water samples, 13% of postprocessing chill water samples, and 19% of carcass rinses. The incidence of C. perfringens in samples incubated in IMM using the injury recovery procedure was significantly higher than in samples incubated in IMM by the traditional method, but only when all samples associated with the three flocks were pooled. In trial 2, water samples from each tank of a three-tank counterflow scalder, water samples from the prechill and chill tank, and samples of carcass rinses were collected in the middle of a processing shift during multiple visits to a processing plant. Samples were inoculated into IMM with neomycin and polymyxin B sulfate (IMMA) and incubated using the traditional and injury recovery procedures. The incidence of C. perfringens in water samples was 100% from scald tank 1, 100% from scald tank 2, 100% from scald tank 3, 88% from the prechill tank, and 63% from the chill tank. The incidence in carcass rinse samples was 67%. The mean most probably number (MPN) of C. perfringens for contaminated samples decreased from log sub(10) 5.07/100 ml of water in scald tank 1 to log sub(10) 1.26/100 ml of water in the chill tank. The mean MPN in carcass rinse samples was log sub(10) 1.20 C. perfringens per 100 ml. The incidence and mean MPN of C. perfringens in these samples after heat shock at 75 degree C for 20 min was somewhat less, but high enough to indicate that much of the contamination arises from heat-resistant spores of this organism. In trial 2, there were no differences in incidence and MPN of C. perfringens in samples incubated in IMMA with the traditional method or the injury recovery method. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Craven, SE AD - Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, USDA, ARS, R. B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1956 EP - 1960 VL - 64 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18388220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+the+Broiler+Chicken+Processing+Plant+as+Determined+by+Recovery+in+Iron+Milk+Medium&rft.au=Craven%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Craven&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1956&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alfalfa Seed Germination and Yield Ratio and Alfalfa Sprout Microbial Keeping Quality Following Irradiation of Seeds and Sprouts AN - 18388089; 5376754 AB - Foods can be treated with gamma radiation, a nonthermal food process, to inactivate foodborne pathogens and fungi, to kill insects on or in fruits and vegetables, and to increase shelf life. Gamma irradiation is especially well suited for these treatments because of its ability to penetrate commercial pallets of foods. Irradiated fruits, vegetables, poultry, and hamburger have been received favorably by the public and are now available in supermarkets. The use of irradiation on fresh alfalfa sprouts was studied to determine its effect on keeping quality as related to aerobic microbial load. After an irradiation dose of 2 kGy, the total aerobic count decreased from 10 super(5-8) to 10 super(3-5) CFU/g, and the total coliform counts decreased from 10 super(5-8) to 10 super(3-0) CFU/g. The results showed that the sprouts maintained their structure after irradiation, and the keeping quality was extended to 21 days, which is an increase of 10 days from the usual shelf life. The effect of various doses of irradiation on alfalfa seeds as measured by percent germination and yield ratio (wt/wt) of sprouts was determined. There was little effect on the percent germination, but as the dose increased, the yield ratio of alfalfa sprouts decreased. As the length of growing time increased, so did the yield ratio of the lower dose irradiated seeds (1 to 2 kGy). The irradiation process can be used to increase the shelf life of alfalfa sprouts, and irradiating alfalfa seeds at doses up to 2 kGy does not unacceptably decrease the yield ratio for production of alfalfa sprouts. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Rajkowski, K T AU - Thayer, D W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1988 EP - 1995 VL - 64 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Alfalfa KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18388089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Alfalfa+Seed+Germination+and+Yield+Ratio+and+Alfalfa+Sprout+Microbial+Keeping+Quality+Following+Irradiation+of+Seeds+and+Sprouts&rft.au=Rajkowski%2C+K+T%3BThayer%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Rajkowski&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1988&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A New Kinetic Model for Thermal Inactivation of Microorganisms: Development and Validation Using Escherichia coli O157:H7 as a Test Organism AN - 18384867; 5376768 AB - A new kinetic model has been proposed to simulate the nonlinear behavior of survivor curves frequently observed in thermal inactivation of microorganisms. This model incorporates a time component into the first-order inactivation kinetics and is capable of describing the linear, convex, and concave survivor curves. The model was validated using Escherichia coli O157:H7 as a test microorganism. Ground beef (93% lean) samples inoculated to 10 super(7) to 10 super(8) CFU/g of meat were subjected to immersion heating at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, and 65 degree C, respectively, in a water bath. All the survivor curves in this study showed upward concavity. Linear and nonlinear regressions were used to fit the survivor curves to the linear first-order inactivation kinetics and the proposed model. Analyses showed that the new kinetic model provides a much better estimate of the thermal inactivation behavior of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Huang, Lihan AU - Juneja, V K AD - Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19039-6400, USA Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 2078 EP - 2082 VL - 64 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18384867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=A+New+Kinetic+Model+for+Thermal+Inactivation+of+Microorganisms%3A+Development+and+Validation+Using+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+as+a+Test+Organism&rft.au=Huang%2C+Lihan%3BJuneja%2C+V+K&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Lihan&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2078&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tree Mortality in Gap Models: Application to Climate Change AN - 18383707; 5376432 AB - Gap models are perhaps the most widely used class of individual-based tree models used in ecology and climate change research. However, most gap model emphasize, in terms of process detail, computer code, and validation effort, tree growth with little attention to the simulation of plant death or mortality. Mortality algorithms have been mostly limited to general relationships because of sparse data on the causal mechanisms of mortality. If gap models are to be used to explore community dynamics under changing climates, the limitations and shortcomings of these mortality algorithms must be identified and the simulation of mortality must be improved. In this paper, we review the treatment of mortality in gap models, evaluate the relationships used to represent mortality in the current generation of gap models, and then assess the prospects for making improvements, especially for applications involving global climate change. Three needs are identified to improve mortality simulations in gap models: (1) process-based empirical analyses are needed to create more climate-sensitive stochastic mortality functions, (2) fundamental research is required to quantify the biophysical relationships between mortality and plant dynamics, and (3) extensive field data are needed to quantify, parameterize, and validate existing and future gap model mortality functions. JF - Climatic Change AU - Keane, R E AU - Austin, M AU - Field, C AU - Huth, A AU - Lexer, MJ AU - Peters, D AU - Solomon, A AU - Wyckoff, P AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA, rkeane@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 509 EP - 540 VL - 51 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - M2 551.588.6:Vegetation and forests (551.588.6) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18383707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Tree+Mortality+in+Gap+Models%3A+Application+to+Climate+Change&rft.au=Keane%2C+R+E%3BAustin%2C+M%3BField%2C+C%3BHuth%2C+A%3BLexer%2C+MJ%3BPeters%2C+D%3BSolomon%2C+A%3BWyckoff%2C+P&rft.aulast=Keane&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Efficacy and Seasonal Expression Profiles for Terminal Leaves of Single and Double Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cotton Genotypes AN - 18367134; 5305126 AB - Evaluation of commercial Cry1Ac transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) cotton varieties (Bollgard, Monsanto, St. Louis, MO) and an experimental Cry1Ac + Cry2Ab transgenic Bt cotton variety (Bollgard II, Monsanto) for lepidopteran field efficacy was conducted during the 2000 growing season. In addition, a commercially available (Envirologix, Portland, ME) quantification assay (ELISA) was used to measure and profile the expression levels of Cry proteins in two of these varieties [`DP 50B, Bollgard'; `DP 50BII, Bollgard II' (Delta & Pine Land, Scott, MS)]. Populations of beet armyworms, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner), and soybean loopers, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), were significantly lower (P 0.05). Single and dual-toxin genotypes remained superior (P 0.05) impact on Cry1Ac expression in Bollgard II compared with Cry1Ac expression in Bollgard. Furthermore, throughout the season Cry2Ab was present at much higher levels in the plant compared with Cry1Ac for Bollgard II plants. Possible species-specific reasons for increased efficacy of Bollgard II over Bollgard are discussed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Adamczyk, JJ Jr AU - Adams, L C AU - Hardee, D D AD - Southern Insect Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS-MSA, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA, jadamczyk@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1589 EP - 1593 VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - field trials KW - seasonal variations KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Leaves KW - Genotypes KW - Host plants KW - Toxins KW - Transgenic plants KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Pest resistance KW - Noctuidae KW - Toxicity testing KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18367134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Field+Efficacy+and+Seasonal+Expression+Profiles+for+Terminal+Leaves+of+Single+and+Double+Bacillus+thuringiensis+Toxin+Cotton+Genotypes&rft.au=Adamczyk%2C+JJ+Jr%3BAdams%2C+L+C%3BHardee%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Adamczyk&rft.aufirst=JJ&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282001%29094%281589%3AFEASEP%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=94&page=1589 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium hirsutum; Bacillus thuringiensis; Noctuidae; Transgenic plants; Toxins; Toxicity testing; Pest resistance; Host plants; Leaves; Genotypes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2001)094(1589:FEASEP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Light Compensation Points for Two Submersed Macrophytes AN - 18365996; 5342610 AB - A laboratory growth experiment indicated that the ribbon-leaved Potamogeton gramineus L. had a lower light compensation point for growth (LCP) than the thread-leaved P. pectinatus L. LCP and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 0.86 M m super(-2) day super(-1) (95% CI, -0.006 to 1.540) and 3.87 M m super(-2) day super(-1) (95% CI, 3.12 to 4.63), respectively. When germinated propagules of each species were planted in a P. gramineus stand in the Byrnes Canal, P. pectinatus exhibited lower survival than similar plants placed in the canal but outside the P. gramineus bed. Mean plant weight for P. pectinatus grown within the plant bed was less than 10% of that for plants grown outside the P. gramineus bed. Neither survival nor mean dry weight of P. gramineus planted at the same sites differed among the sites. Estimates of light levels in the P. gramineus bed indicated that shading by P. gramineus reduced light to levels at or below the LCP for P. pectinatus but above the LCP for P. gramineus. These results suggest that P. pectinatus may be displaced from areas inhabited by P. gramineus due to reduced light availability. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Exotic & Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Robbins Hall, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 509 EP - 516 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Freshwater KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 01226:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18365996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Light+Compensation+Points+for+Two+Submersed+Macrophytes&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth habit and sugar accumulation in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) transformed with a cytokinin biosynthesis gene AN - 18362390; 5302526 AB - Expression of a bacterial cytokinin biosynthesis gene fused to a patatin gene promoter was studied in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.). Two independent transformants, Pat-ipt1 and 2, exhibited a number of distinguishable morphological alterations commonly induced by cytokinins, i.e. less root growth, reduced leaf surface area, and increased axillary shoot development. Concentrations of the cytokinins zeatin and zeatin riboside were increased by twofold in taproots and 7- to 18-fold in leaves. Leaf sucrose and glucose concentrations were not significantly different from those in control plants except in Pat-ipt2 where glucose levels were elevated ninefold. Since normal taproot development was severely inhibited, sucrose concentrations in the taproots were significantly reduced. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Ivic, S D AU - Sicher, R C AU - Smigocki, A C AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Building 006, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 770 EP - 773 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00299/bibs/1020 008/10200770.htm] VL - 20 IS - 8 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - accumulation KW - cytokinin biosynthesis gene KW - cytokinins KW - patatin gene KW - zeatin KW - zeatin riboside KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Gene expression KW - Sugar KW - Sucrose KW - Beta vulgaris KW - Glucose KW - Leaves KW - Roots KW - Transgenic plants KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - G 07120:Recombinant DNA/Genetic engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18362390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Growth+habit+and+sugar+accumulation+in+sugarbeet+%28Beta+vulgaris+L.%29+transformed+with+a+cytokinin+biosynthesis+gene&rft.au=Ivic%2C+S+D%3BSicher%2C+R+C%3BSmigocki%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Ivic&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002990100389 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beta vulgaris; Transgenic plants; Sugar; Gene expression; Roots; Leaves; Sucrose; Glucose; Transformation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990100389 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal pond characteristics across a chronosequence of adjacent forest ages in northern Minnesota, USA AN - 18352226; 5315887 AB - Small seasonal ponds are abundant in many forest landscapes, yet they remain poorly understood in terms of their response to disturbance of the surrounding upland forest. The potential for such a response is large because of the small size and, hence, high perimeter-to-area ratios of most ponds. High perimeter-to-area ratio may increase the importance of functional connections with the surrounding forest, via exchange of energy, organisms, and materials. To better understand this connection, we studied 19 seasonal ponds across a 100-year chronosequence of single-cohort forests in northern Minnesota. Our objective was to see if there are distinct changes over time in select pond attributes, which may reflect alteration of functional linkages with the surrounding forest. In 1998 and 1999, we sampled hydroperiod, water depth and chemistry, canopy openness, grass, sedge, shrub, and coarse woody debris cover, coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) flux, and macroinvertebrate and amphibian populations. We related these variables to stand age through regression. Stand age explained little variation for most variables. Responsive variables included canopy openness and CPOM flux. Canopy openness, in turn, was related positively to total macroinvertebrate abundance, sensitive taxon richness, and Haliplidae beetle and Physidae snail abundances. Calling wood frogs occurred more frequently under an open canopy and low CPOM flux. An open canopy, which occurs more often over ponds in younger than in older forest, likely results in increases in water and air temperatures and photosynthetically active radiation, all of which may influence resource availability and habitat suitability for some macroinvertebrates and amphibian taxa. Results from our exploratory study suggest that many characteristics of small seasonal ponds are unaffected by harvest of the adjacent upland forest, at least as detected through examination of a chronosequence. However, responsive variables may include several abiotic characteristics that provide mechanistic links to pond foodwebs. JF - Wetlands AU - Palik, B AU - Batzer, D P AU - Buech, R AU - Nichols, D AU - Cease, K AU - Egeland, L AU - Streblow, DE AD - North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Forestry Science Lab, 1831 Hwy. 169 E., Grand Rapids, Minnesota 55744, USA Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 532 EP - 542 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Amphibians KW - Crawling water beetles KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Wood frog KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Seasonal Variations KW - Temporary ponds KW - Forests KW - Macroinvertebrates KW - Ponds KW - Water levels KW - Habitats KW - Radiation KW - Organic Matter KW - Invertebrata KW - Canopies KW - Detritus KW - Seasonal variations KW - Haliplidae KW - Air Temperature KW - Energy Transfer KW - Forest industry KW - Geochemistry KW - Vegetation KW - Physidae KW - Macrofauna KW - Water Level KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Light effects KW - Amphibia KW - Freshwater molluscs KW - Rana sylvatica KW - Ecosystem dynamics KW - Particulate organic matter KW - Zoobenthos KW - D 04310:Freshwater KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18352226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Seasonal+pond+characteristics+across+a+chronosequence+of+adjacent+forest+ages+in+northern+Minnesota%2C+USA&rft.au=Palik%2C+B%3BBatzer%2C+D+P%3BBuech%2C+R%3BNichols%2C+D%3BCease%2C+K%3BEgeland%2C+L%3BStreblow%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Palik&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=532&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water levels; Freshwater molluscs; Particulate organic matter; Forest industry; Temporary ponds; Geochemistry; Forests; Canopies; Zoobenthos; Ecosystem disturbance; Light effects; Ecosystem dynamics; Macrofauna; Seasonal variations; Ponds; Seasonal Variations; Energy Transfer; Air Temperature; Amphibians; Vegetation; Macroinvertebrates; Water Level; Habitats; Organic Matter; Radiation; Detritus; Haliplidae; Amphibia; Rana sylvatica; Invertebrata; Physidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effects of Surface-Applied Jasmonic and Salicylic Acids on Caterpillar Growth and Damage to Tomato Plants AN - 18303593; 5356370 AB - We tested the role of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in altering the tomato plant's defense against herbivory by tobacco hornworm. Treatments of SA or JA were topically applied to tomato plants, hornworm consumption was allowed to proceed for 12 days, and harvest analyses were performed. Measurements taken included a subjective plant rating (1-10 score), plant dry mass, caterpillar mass, and the number of times the caterpillars fell off the plant. Results showed significant effects of exogenously applied SA and JA on the defense of tomato plants against insect herbivory. Plants treated with SA had little resistance to the feeding caterpillars and the plant lost more biomass to them. JA, in contrast, apparently increased the defensive mechanisms of the plant, resulting in lower caterpillar growth and increased caterpillar detachment from plants. The data are consistent with a model where JA, endogenous or exogenously applied, is necessary for defense against insect herbivory and SA disrupts JA biosynthesis and/or pool accumulation. JF - Ohio Journal of Science AU - Iverson, AL AU - Iverson, L R AU - Eshita, S AD - Buckeye Valley High Schools, Delaware, OH 43015 and USDA Forest Service, Delaware, OH 43015, USA Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 90 EP - 94 VL - 101 IS - 5 SN - 0030-0950, 0030-0950 KW - Hawk moths KW - Tobacco hornworm KW - tomato KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Growth KW - Sphingidae KW - Herbivory KW - Manduca sexta KW - Defense mechanisms KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18303593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.atitle=The+Effects+of+Surface-Applied+Jasmonic+and+Salicylic+Acids+on+Caterpillar+Growth+and+Damage+to+Tomato+Plants&rft.au=Iverson%2C+AL%3BIverson%2C+L+R%3BEshita%2C+S&rft.aulast=Iverson&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=90&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.issn=00300950&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sphingidae; Manduca sexta; Lycopersicon esculentum; Growth; Herbivory; Defense mechanisms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors affecting mechanical transmission of Tomato spotted wilt virus to peanut (Arachis hypogaea) AN - 18294136; 5346876 AB - Evaluation of peanut germ plasm for Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) resistance has been slowed by the difficulty in achieving a high rate of mechanical transmission of the virus to peanut. In this study, improvements were made and a highly efficient mechanical transmission protocol was developed. Several factors that affect the transmission efficiency were identified. Use of two antioxidants (sodium sulfite and mercaptoethanol) and two abrasives (Celite and Carborundum) and application of the inoculum by rubbing with a cotton swab dipped in the inoculum as well as pricking with an inoculation needle resulted in a significantly higher transmission rate. The most susceptible growth stage of peanut to TSWV inoculation was 2 to 3 days after germination (6 to 7 days after planting). The inoculation protocol consistently resulted in a higher percentage of infected plants from different sources of inoculum such as infected peanut, tobacco, and tomato. JF - Plant Disease AU - Mandal, B AU - Pappu, H R AU - Culbreath, A K AD - Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton 31793, USA, hanu.r.pappu@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1259 EP - 1263 VL - 85 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Mercaptoethanol KW - Carborundum KW - Celite KW - Sodium sulfite KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Plant diseases KW - Tomato spotted wilt virus KW - Antioxidants KW - Abrasion KW - Disease resistance KW - Disease transmission KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18294136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+mechanical+transmission+of+Tomato+spotted+wilt+virus+to+peanut+%28Arachis+hypogaea%29&rft.au=Mandal%2C+B%3BPappu%2C+H+R%3BCulbreath%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Mandal&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tomato spotted wilt virus; Arachis hypogaea; Plant diseases; Disease transmission; Antioxidants; Abrasion; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Satellite Radar Assessment of Winter Cover Types AN - 18293471; 5338253 AB - Irrigated soils in the Columbia Basin of eastern Washington are susceptible to wind erosion and nitrate leaching when left bare during the winter months. Producers are encouraged to incorporate cover crops into their rotations or leave crop residues on their fields over winter to minimize erosion. Actively growing vegetative cover is required to trap nitrate and prevent it from leaching. Although some growers have adopted these practices, it is difficult to estimate the total land area under cover during the winter months. Satellite radar imagery may be a tool for monitoring the adoption of the above-mentioned practices. Our objective is to determine the feasibility of discriminating among cover types using satellite radar imagery. During the winter of 1999-2000, three RADARSAT-1 images of this area were obtained. Ground data was collected on or near each date of data acquisition. Three distinct groups were separated from one another through statistical analysis and unsupervised classifications: 1) smooth bare fields and fields with sparse, dried residue, 2) smooth fields which contain sparse green vegetation, and 3) fields with heavy vegetation, either alive or dead, or rough bare fields. Variation in brightness within group 1 was correlated with soil moisture while the variation within group 2 was more a function of plant water in the canopy. Optical data may be required to aid in the identification of nitrogen scavenging crops, since actively growing vegetation is difficult to discern from fields with heavy residue or rough, bare surface conditions.Original Abstract: Les sols irrigues dans le bassin de la riviere Columbia dans l'est de l'etat de Washington sont sensibles a l'erosion eolienne et a la percolation des nitrates lorsque laisses nus au cours des mois d'hiver. On encourage les producteurs a incorporer des recoltes de couverture dans leurs rotations ou a laisser les residus de recoltes sur leurs champs durant l'hiver pour minimiser l'erosion. Une couverture composee de vegetation active est necessaire pour fixer les nitrates et empecher la percolation. Quoique certains cultivateurs aient adopte ces pratiques, il est difficile d'estimer la surface totale sous couvert durant les mois d'hiver. Les images satellitales radar constituent un outil utile pour effectuer un suivi quant a l'adoption de telles pratiques. Notre objectif est de determiner la faisabilite de detecter les differents types de couvert a l'aide d'images satellitales radar. Durant l'hiver 1999-2000, trois images RADARSAT-1 de cette region ont ete acquises. Des donnees de terrain ont ete collectees lors ou pres du moment d'acquisition. Trois groupes distincts ont ete determines par analyse statistique et au moyen de classifications dirigees: 1) des champs nus lisses et des champs avec des residus epars et secs, 2) des champs lisses qui comportent une vegetation verte eparse, et 3) des champs avec une vegetation forte, vivante ou senescente, ou des champs nus rugueux. La variation dans la brillance a l'interieur du groupe 1 a ete correlee avec l'humidite du sol alors que la variation a l'interieur du groupe 2 etait plutot fonction de l'eau disponible dans la plante dans le couvert. L'utilisation de donnees optiques est necessaire pour l'identification des cultures caracterisees par une fixation d'azote etant donne que la vegetation active est difficile a distinguer par rapport aux champs couverts de residus importants ou dans des conditions de surface rugueuses et de sol nu. JF - Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing/Journal Canadien de Teledetection AU - Kunch, T AU - Frazier, B E AU - Pan, W L AU - Smith, A M AD - Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA, tkunch@wa.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 603 EP - 615 VL - 27 IS - 6 SN - 0703-8992, 0703-8992 KW - USA, Washington KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Satellite Technology KW - River Basins KW - Wind Erosion KW - Nitrates KW - Irrigation KW - Surveys KW - Soil Erosion KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18293471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing%2FJournal+Canadien+de+Teledetection&rft.atitle=Satellite+Radar+Assessment+of+Winter+Cover+Types&rft.au=Kunch%2C+T%3BFrazier%2C+B+E%3BPan%2C+W+L%3BSmith%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Kunch&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Remote+Sensing%2FJournal+Canadien+de+Teledetection&rft.issn=07038992&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Remote Sensing; Satellite Technology; River Basins; Wind Erosion; Nitrates; Irrigation; Surveys; Soil Erosion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection and evaluation of microorganisms for biocontrol of Fusarium head blight of wheat incited by Gibberella zeae AN - 18288566; 5346875 AB - Gibberella zeae incites Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses to wheat and barley. Of over 700 microbial strains obtained from wheat anthers, 54 were able to utilize tartaric acid as a carbon source when the compound was supplied as choline bitartrate in liquid culture. Four tartaric acid-utilizing and three nonutilizing strains reduced FHB in initial tests and were selected for further assays. Antagonists were effective against three different isolates of G. zeae when single wheat florets were inoculated with pathogen and antagonist inoculum. All seven antagonists increased 100-kernel weight when applied simultaneously with G. zeae isolate Z3639 (P less than or equal to 0.05). Bacillus strains AS 43.3 and AS 43.4 and Cryptococcus strain OH 182.9 reduced disease severity by >77, 93, and 56%, respectively. Five antagonists increased 100-kernel weight of plants inoculated with G. zeae isolate DAOM 180378. All antagonists except one increased 100-kernel weight, and four of seven antagonists reduced disease severity (P less than or equal to 0.05) when tested against G. zeae isolate Fg-9-96. In spray-inoculation experiments, Bacillus strains AS 43.3 and AS 43.4 and Cryptococcus strains OH 71.4 and OH 182.9 reduced disease severity, regardless of the sequence, timing, and concentration of inoculum application (P less than or equal to 0.05), though 100-kernel weight did not always increase when antagonists were applied 4 h after inoculum of G. zeae. Overall, 4 of 54 isolates that utilized tartaric acid in vitro were effective against G. zeae versus only 3 of 170 isolates tested that did not utilize tartaric acid (P less than or equal to 0.05, chi -square test of goodness of fit), demonstrating the potential benefit of prescreening candidate antagonists of FHB for their ability to utilize tartaric acid. Biological control shows promise as part of an integrated pest management program for managing FHB. JF - Plant Disease AU - Khan, NI AU - Schisler, DA AU - Boehm, MJ AU - Slininger, P J AU - Bothast, R J AD - Research Plant Pathologist, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), Peoria, IL 61604, USA, Schislda@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1253 EP - 1258 VL - 85 IS - 12 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Tartaric acid KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Plant diseases KW - Substrate specificity KW - Gibberella zeae KW - Cryptococcus KW - Antagonists KW - Fusarium graminearum KW - Blight KW - Bacillus KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18288566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Selection+and+evaluation+of+microorganisms+for+biocontrol+of+Fusarium+head+blight+of+wheat+incited+by+Gibberella+zeae&rft.au=Khan%2C+NI%3BSchisler%2C+DA%3BBoehm%2C+MJ%3BSlininger%2C+P+J%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=NI&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gibberella zeae; Bacillus; Cryptococcus; Fusarium graminearum; Plant diseases; Blight; Antagonists; Biological control; Substrate specificity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vents and seals in non-steady-state chambers used for measuring gas exchange between soil and the atmosphere AN - 18283315; 5326516 AB - Despite decades of research to define optimal chamber design and deployment protocol for measuring gas exchange between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere, controversy still surrounds the procedures for applying this method. Using a numerical simulation model we demonstrated that (i) all non-steady-state chambers should include a properly sized and properly located vent tube; (ii) even seemingly trivial leakiness of the seals between elements of a multiple-component chamber results in significant risk of measurement error; (iii) a leaking seal is a poor substitute for a properly designed vent tube, because the shorter path length through the seal supports much greater diffusive gas loss per unit of conductance to mass flow; (iv) the depth to which chamber walls must be inserted to minimize gas loss by lateral diffusion is smaller than is customary in fine-textured, wet or compact soil, but much larger than is customary in highly porous soils, and (v) repetitive sampling at the same location is not a major source of error when using non-steady-state chambers. Finally, we discuss problems associated with computing the flux of a gas from the non-linear increase in its concentration in the headspace of a non-steady-state chamber. JF - European Journal of Soil Science AU - Hutchinson, G L AU - Livingston, G P AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, glhutch@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 675 EP - 682 VL - 52 IS - 4 SN - 1351-0754, 1351-0754 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Air Pollution KW - Soil Chemistry KW - Soil Texture KW - Analytical Methods KW - Measuring Instruments KW - Air-earth Interfaces KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18283315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Vents+and+seals+in+non-steady-state+chambers+used+for+measuring+gas+exchange+between+soil+and+the+atmosphere&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+G+L%3BLivingston%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Soil+Science&rft.issn=13510754&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air Pollution; Soil Chemistry; Soil Texture; Measuring Instruments; Analytical Methods; Air-earth Interfaces ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of Suckling Neonatal Pigs Against Infection with an Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Expressing 987P Fimbriae by the Administration of a Bacterial Competitive Exclusion Culture AN - 18271980; 5328370 AB - The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the effects of a porcine-derived CE culture, RPCF, on an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in suckling neonatal pigs. Litters of piglets from 18 crossbred sows were included in the study. All piglets remained on-sow for the duration of these studies. Piglets in RPCF groups were orally administered 5 ml of the RPCF bacterial competitive exclusion culture within 12 h of birth. Control piglets were given sterile medium orally as a placebo within 12 h of birth. At 48 h of age, piglets in all groups were orally challenged with an enterotoxigenic E. coli expressing the 987P fimbrial adhesin. Daily rectal swabs were taken, mortalities were recorded, and at 5 days post-challenge, piglets in all groups were euthanized and necropsied. Samples were taken from the ileum, jejunum, ileocecal junction, cecum, colon, and ileocecal lymph nodes and cultured for the presence and enumeration of E. coli. Significant reductions (p < 0.001) were observed in all samples taken at necropsy from RPCF-treated pigs when compared with control pigs. Both ileal and cecal concentrations of E. coli were reduced by 5 log sub(10) in those pigs that were administered the RPCF culture. A significant reduction in mortality was observed, decreasing from 23% in the control group to 2.7% in the RPCF group (p < 0.001). Clinical colibacillosis is a major economic and animal health concern in the swine industry. The RPCF CE culture may represent a means of possibly reducing the losses and morbidity associated with colibacillosis in pigs and, thus, may help to reduce the economic and animal health strains placed on the swine industry and the animals therein. JF - Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease AU - Genovese, K J AU - Harvey, R B AU - Anderson, R C AU - Nisbet, D J AD - USDA-ARS-SPARC, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, genovese@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 223 EP - 228 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0891-060X, 0891-060X KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Autopsy KW - Mortality KW - Adhesins KW - Pili KW - Animal models KW - Escherichia coli KW - Enterotoxins KW - Colibacillosis KW - Neonates KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18271980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.atitle=Protection+of+Suckling+Neonatal+Pigs+Against+Infection+with+an+Enterotoxigenic+Escherichia+coli+Expressing+987P+Fimbriae+by+the+Administration+of+a+Bacterial+Competitive+Exclusion+Culture&rft.au=Genovese%2C+K+J%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Genovese&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.issn=0891060X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Neonates; Animal models; Pili; Enterotoxins; Adhesins; Mortality; Autopsy; Colibacillosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of a Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci by an Anaerobic Continuous Flow Culture of Chicken Microflora AN - 18271752; 5328374 AB - During experiments to study the horizontal transfer of vancomycin resistance among enterococci present in an anaerobic continuous-flow fermentation (CCF) culture of chicken gastrointestinal microorganisms, inhibitory activity against an exogenous vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) was observed. The experiments presented in this report were conducted to investigate the inhibitory activity against VRE 700221. When CCF was challenged with 10 super(7) CFU/ml VRE, the VRE population decreased to an undetectable level after 48 h and could not be rescued by addition of vancomycin at 4 mu g/ml. In additional continuous flow experiments with vancomycin-resistant E. faecium A256, macrolide and streptogramin-resistant E. faecium 3167 and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis 700802, clearance was observed in approximately 4 days. In a reciprocal experiment, VRE at 10 super(8) CFU/ml was challenged with 10 super(7) CFU/ml CCF culture. CCF displaced VRE by 15 days in all replicate experiments. When CCF and VRE were simultaneously inoculated with 10 super(7) CFU/ml, VRE was undetectable in 7 days. Prophylactic treatment of day-old broiler chicks with CCF prevented VRE cecal colonization after VRE challenge as compared with the untreated controls. In four replicate experiments, VRE colonization occurred in less than 5% of chicks that were inoculated with CCF prior to challenge with VRE. A bacteriocin agar overlay assay identified three E. faecalis isolates from CCF that exhibited inhibitory properties toward all E. faecium tested; this included two strains of E. faecium isolated from chickens, four isolated from swine and four obtained from the ATCC. No inhibition of Enterococcus spp. other than E. faecium was observed. The results of this study may suggest an amensalistic relationship among different enterococci populations. JF - Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease AU - Poole, T L AU - Genovese, K J AU - Anderson, T J AU - Bischoff, K M AU - Callaway, T R AU - Nisbet, D J AD - Feed and Food Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA, poole@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 246 EP - 253 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0891-060X, 0891-060X KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Enterococcus faecalis KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Enterococcus faecium KW - Intestinal microflora KW - Continuous culture KW - Prophylaxis KW - Microflora KW - Vancomycin KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18271752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+a+Vancomycin-resistant+Enterococci+by+an+Anaerobic+Continuous+Flow+Culture+of+Chicken+Microflora&rft.au=Poole%2C+T+L%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BAnderson%2C+T+J%3BBischoff%2C+K+M%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Poole&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Ecology+in+Health+and+Disease&rft.issn=0891060X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus faecium; Enterococcus faecalis; Intestinal microflora; Microflora; Continuous culture; Anaerobic conditions; Antibiotic resistance; Vancomycin; Prophylaxis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiological basis for flexible voltinism in the spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) AN - 18269468; 5325974 AB - The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), has described life cycles of 1-3 years. Although temperature has been shown to be strongly associated with flexible voltinism in the spruce beetle, the physiological basis for this phenomenon is not clear. Two competing hypotheses were tested under laboratory conditions. First, we tested the hypothesis that larval diapause, induced by cool temperatures during or before instar III, initiates prolonged life cycles while larvae not diapausing complete development to adults before the first winter. We compared development times at constant temperature (12 degree C) and field-simulated thermoperiod treatments against development times in a reference (21 degree C) treatment for which there is no indication of diapause induction. The constant temperature treatment was not significantly different than the reference treatment, although there were a few outliers. The thermoperiod treatment was significantly longer than the reference treatment, but only by a few days. These results provide little support for the hypothesis of larval diapause induction during or before instar III. Second, we investigated the hypothesis of life-cycle regulation through life stage specific developmental temperature thresholds, particularly, a relatively high threshold for pupation that might prevent development beyond the prepupal life stage under cool conditions. We found little evidence of distinct differences in low-temperature thresholds between life stages. Instar-IV larvae held at less than or equal to 15 degree C, however, did not pupate for 125-300 days, a developmental arrest that suggests diapause. Based on all present and previous investigations, the induction-sensitive phase appears to be late in the instar-IV or early in the prepupal stages. For semivoltine spruce beetles, this life stage occurs late in the growing season, after most temperature-dependent development has been completed. It is our conclusion that spruce beetle voltinism is primarily under direct temperature control and that prepupal diapause is the default overwintering strategy for individuals not completing development to maturity by fall. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - Hansen, E M AU - Bentz, B J AU - Turner, D L AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 860 N 1200 E, Logan, UT 84321, USA, matthansen@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 805 EP - 817 VL - 133 IS - 6 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Bark beetles KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Larvae KW - Spruce beetle KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Life history KW - Scolytidae KW - Dendroctonus rufipennis KW - Development KW - Diapause KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18269468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Physiological+basis+for+flexible+voltinism+in+the+spruce+beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29&rft.au=Hansen%2C+E+M%3BBentz%2C+B+J%3BTurner%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scolytidae; Dendroctonus rufipennis; Life history; Diapause; Temperature effects; Development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Male-specific sesquiterpenes from Phyllotreta and Aphthona flea beetles AN - 18268070; 5323067 AB - It was previously reported that males of the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae, feeding on host foliage are attractive to both males and females in the field. Based on this evidence for an aggregation pheromone, volatiles were collected from male and female P. cruciferae feeding on cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and analyzed. For comparison, volatiles were also collected from males and females of three other flea beetle species, Aphthona flava, A. czwalinae, and A. cyparissiae, all feeding on their host, leafy spurge foliage (Euphorbia esula). Six male-specific compounds were isolated from P. cruciferae, and the same compounds plus two additional ones were isolated from males of Aphthona flava, A. czwalinae, and A. cyparissiae. The blends of compounds were relatively consistent within species, but there were characteristic differences between species. Compound structures were studied by mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, polarimetry, chiral and achiral gas chromatography, molecular modeling, and microchemical tests. Three of the compounds were identified as (+)-ar-himachalene; (+)-trans- alpha -himachalene; (+)- gamma -cadinene. Two others were new enantiomers of himachalene hydrocarbons that were previously identified from the fir trees, Abies alba and Abies nordmanniana. Finally, there were two himachalene alcohols and one norsesquiterpene ketone that is a himachalene analog. Only (+)-ar-himachalene and (+)- gamma -cadinene are previously known natural products. Electrophysiological activity was demonstrated for five of the compounds. The chemical and electrophysiological patterns are consistent with, but do not prove, a pheromonal function. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Bartelt, R J AU - Cosse, A A AU - Zilkowski, B W AU - Weisleder, D AU - Momany, F A AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, BartelRJ@NCAUR.USDA.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 2397 EP - 2423 VL - 27 IS - 12 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Coleoptera KW - males KW - Leaf beetles KW - sesquiterpene lactones KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Volatiles KW - Attraction KW - Aggregation pheromone KW - Chrysomelidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18268070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Male-specific+sesquiterpenes+from+Phyllotreta+and+Aphthona+flea+beetles&rft.au=Bartelt%2C+R+J%3BCosse%2C+A+A%3BZilkowski%2C+B+W%3BWeisleder%2C+D%3BMomany%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Bartelt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysomelidae; Aggregation pheromone; Attraction; Volatiles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature-based model for predicting univoltine brood proportions in spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) AN - 18267109; 5325976 AB - The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), has possible life cycles of 1 or 2 years. Empirical and experimental evidence suggest that temperature is the primary regulator of these life-history pathways. These different life cycles potentially result in substantial differences in population dynamics and subsequent spruce mortality. A multiyear field study was conducted in Utah, Colorado, and Alaska, to monitor spruce beetle development under a variety of field conditions with concurrent air temperature measurements. This information was used to model the tree- or stand-level proportion of univoltine beetles as a function of air temperature. Temperatures were summarized as averages, cumulative time, and accumulated heat units above specified thresholds over various seasonal intervals. Sampled proportions of univoltine insects were regressed against the summarized temperature values in logistic models. The best predictive variable, as evaluated by Akaike's Information Criterion, was found to be cumulative hours above a threshold of 17 degree C elapsed from 40 to 90 days following peak adult funnel-trap captures. Because the model can be used to forecast trends in spruce beetle populations and associated spruce mortality, it is a tool for forest planning. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - Hansen, E M AU - Bentz, B J AU - Turner, D L AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 860 N 1200 E. Logan, UT 84321, USA, matthansen@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 827 EP - 841 VL - 133 IS - 6 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Bark beetles KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - USA, Alaska KW - USA, Utah KW - Scolytidae KW - Models KW - USA, Colorado KW - Life history KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18267109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Temperature-based+model+for+predicting+univoltine+brood+proportions+in+spruce+beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29&rft.au=Hansen%2C+E+M%3BBentz%2C+B+J%3BTurner%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=827&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scolytidae; USA, Utah; USA, Colorado; USA, Alaska; Temperature effects; Models; Life history ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nosema (Microsporida: Nosematidae) species as potential biological control agents of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Surveys for the microsporidia in Argentina and South Africa AN - 18266566; 5326766 AB - Cactoblastis cactorum Berg is an invasive moth in North America where it damages and threatens many native Opuntia cacti. Nosema species of C. cactorum may have potential as biological control agents of the moth. Surveys for Nosema species were made in South Africa, where two of these Microsporidia were described from the moth and in Argentina where these pathogens may have originated. No Nosema were found in the C. cactorum larvae from South Africa and low levels of infection (0-6%) were found in the South American larvae. The low abundance of C. cactorum and the time of collection (austral summer) may be the reasons for the absence of or rarity of Nosema in these surveys. Winter collections of the larvae are suggested to obtain more abundant Nosema for evaluation as potential biocontrols of C. cactorum. JF - Florida Entomologist AU - Pemberton, R W AU - Cordo, HA AD - USDA-ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 527 EP - 530 VL - 84 IS - 4 SN - 0015-4040, 0015-4040 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Microsporidia KW - Pyralid moths KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Pyralidae KW - Herbivory KW - Cactoblastis cactorum KW - Nosema KW - Surveys KW - Pest control KW - Host plants KW - Opuntia KW - South America KW - Argentina KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18266566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Nosema+%28Microsporida%3A+Nosematidae%29+species+as+potential+biological+control+agents+of+Cactoblastis+cactorum+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Pyralidae%29%3A+Surveys+for+the+microsporidia+in+Argentina+and+South+Africa&rft.au=Pemberton%2C+R+W%3BCordo%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Pemberton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Florida+Entomologist&rft.issn=00154040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nosema; Cactoblastis cactorum; Pyralidae; Opuntia; Argentina; South America; Biological control; Pest control; Surveys; Herbivory; Host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial heterogeneity of low-density populations of Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera: Acrididae) associated with grazing and vegetation treatments AN - 18266475; 5325977 AB - The objectives of this study were to determine whether the spatial distribution of Melanoplus sanguinipes F., the most abundant species of grasshopper on rangeland in southern Idaho, varied annually in response to changing patterns of grazing and to investigate how vegetation affects the spatial distribution of low- density populations of M. sanguinipes at scales relevant to most rangeland- management activities. A lattice of 72 sites was established across nine pastures, covering approximately 5000 ha. At each site, densities of M. sanguinipes, percent canopy coverage by plant species, and percent forage utilization by livestock were estimated twice per year, in June when M. sanguinipes was in the nymphal stage and in August during the adult stage, for 4 years, 1991-1994. Spatial analyses of variance were used to evaluate the influence of grazing and vegetation type on densities of M. sanguinipes. In August of each year, densities of M. sanguinipes were lower on heavily grazed sites than on lightly grazed sites, except in 1993, when the opposite trend was observed. Above-normal precipitation in 1993 resulted in abundant growth of annual forbs and regrowth of grazed plants. The distribution of nymphs in June of 1993 and 1994 reflected the grazing patterns of the previous summer. Densities of M. sanguinipes were lower on crested wheatgrass habitats than on annual grasslands for every sampling period from June 1991 to June 1993, after which no differences were observed. We interpret the results to suggest that grazing effects on low-density, populations of M. sanguinipes were contingent on weather conditions; under dry conditions, grazed habitats were less favorable to M. sanguinipes but, during relatively cool wet summers, grazing created conditions that were more favorable to M. sanguinipes. JF - Canadian Entomologist AU - Fielding, D J AU - Brusven, MA AU - Shafii, B AU - Price, W J AD - USDA-ARS, PO Box 757200, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA, ffdjf1@uaf.edu Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 843 EP - 855 VL - 133 IS - 6 SN - 0008-347X, 0008-347X KW - Grasshoppers KW - Migratory grasshopper KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Grazing KW - Population density KW - Melanoplus sanguinipes KW - USA, Idaho KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Acrididae KW - Spatial heterogeneity KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18266475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.atitle=Spatial+heterogeneity+of+low-density+populations+of+Melanoplus+sanguinipes+%28Orthoptera%3A+Acrididae%29+associated+with+grazing+and+vegetation+treatments&rft.au=Fielding%2C+D+J%3BBrusven%2C+MA%3BShafii%2C+B%3BPrice%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Fielding&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Entomologist&rft.issn=0008347X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acrididae; Melanoplus sanguinipes; USA, Idaho; Spatial heterogeneity; Population density; Grazing; Vegetation patterns ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dispersal of Anoplophora glabripennis (Cerambycidae) AN - 18263232; 5323748 AB - As a basis for the development of both eradication and management strategies for control of Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky (Asian longhorned beetle) investigations of A. glabripennis dispersal were undertaken in Gansu Province, China, in 1999. Data analysis of the first year study of population dispersal, in which >16,000 adult A. glabripennis were marked and released (mass-mark recapture method), has shown that the mean dispersal distance for A. glabripennis was approximately 266 m, whereas the 98% A. glabripennis recapture radius was 560 m. More notably, A. glabripennis dispersal potential over a single season was found to be 1,029 m and 1,442 m, for male and gravid female beetles, respectively, which is well over the previously reported distances. There was also a directional bias in dispersal. These results indicate that surveys for adult beetles and infested trees at a minimum of 1,500 m from previously infested trees would assist in preventing continued colonization in the current U.S. infestations in New York and Chicago, and therefore enhance efforts to eradicate A. glabripennis from the United States. Data from the second year of this study (2000) will be used to enhance a predictive model of invasion by A. glabripennis in landscapes at risk in the United States. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Smith, M T AU - Bancroft, J AU - Li, G AU - Gao, R AU - Teale, S AD - Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 501 S. Chapel Street, Newark, DE 19713, USA, mtsmith@udel.edu Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1036 EP - 1040 PB - Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Rd. Lanham MD 20706 USA VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Long-horned beetles KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Cerambycidae KW - Anoplophora glabripennis KW - Control programs KW - Pest control KW - Invasions KW - Dispersal KW - China, People's Rep. KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18263232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Dispersal+of+Anoplophora+glabripennis+%28Cerambycidae%29&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+T%3BBancroft%2C+J%3BLi%2C+G%3BGao%2C+R%3BTeale%2C+S&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1036&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anoplophora glabripennis; Cerambycidae; China, People's Rep.; Dispersal; Pest control; Invasions; Control programs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heteroblasty in Eucalyptus globulus (Myricales: Myricaceae) Affects Ovipositonal and Settling Preferences of Ctenarytaina eucalypti and C. spatulata (Homoptera: Psyllidae) AN - 18262331; 5323762 AB - Heteroblasty describes plants whose juvenile and adult vegetative shoots differ morphologically. In Eucalyptus, heteroblasty is a common source of within-plant variation and an expression of ontogenetic aging that affects the within-tree distribution of psyllids. Using Eucalyptus globulus Labillardiere as a model system, we studied the reproductive behavior of adults of two Australian psyllid species (Ctenarytaina eucalypti Maskell and C. spatulata Taylor) on the glaucous, simple-shaped juvenile leaves and the glossy, sickle-shaped adult leaves under field conditions. We compared the ovipositional preferences and mating site preferences of the psyllids in caged pairs of juvenile and adult shoots, as well as the behavior of the psyllids after they landed on both types of shoots. Ctenarytaina eucalypti oviposited only on juvenile shoots and C. spatulata oviposited only on adult shoots. Ctenarytaina eucalypti mated primarily (88% of the time) on juvenile shoots, and C. spatulata mated only on adult shoots. After landing on both shoot types, C. eucalypti remained longer than C. spatulata on juvenile shoots, but C. spatulata remained longer than C. eucalypti on adult shoots. This is the first experimental evidence that heteroblasty in Eucalyptus affects insect reproductive behavior. These results are discussed in relation to subsequent studies on psyllid performance in this system that found that the epicuticular wax (present only on the juvenile leaves) plays a primary role in the preferences of these psyllid species for the juvenile versus adult shoots. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Brennan, E B AU - Weinbaum, SA AU - Rosenheim, JA AU - Karban, R AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905, USA, ebbrennan@ucdavis.edu Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1144 EP - 1149 PB - Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Rd. Lanham MD 20706 USA VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Bluegum eucalyptus KW - Jumping plantlice KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Reproductive behavior KW - Psyllidae KW - Plants KW - Ctenarytaina spatulata KW - Settling behavior KW - Oviposition KW - Ctenarytaina eucalypti KW - Eucalyptus globulus KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18262331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Heteroblasty+in+Eucalyptus+globulus+%28Myricales%3A+Myricaceae%29+Affects+Ovipositonal+and+Settling+Preferences+of+Ctenarytaina+eucalypti+and+C.+spatulata+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29&rft.au=Brennan%2C+E+B%3BWeinbaum%2C+SA%3BRosenheim%2C+JA%3BKarban%2C+R&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eucalyptus globulus; Ctenarytaina eucalypti; Ctenarytaina spatulata; Psyllidae; Oviposition; Settling behavior; Plants; Reproductive behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intraspecific Interaction and Mechanisms of Population Regulation in Experimentally Limited Habitat AN - 18262218; 5323752 AB - Many populations of organisms deplete their resources, causing population growth rates to decline as population density increases. I used the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), as a model to gain insight into the mechanisms of population regulation. Eight experiments differentiated the effects of crowding and food depletion on dispersal, mortality, and reproduction. Generally, food depletion caused increased mortality of immature beetles, sharply reduced oviposition, and increased adult dispersal. Rates of birth and death were both negative exponential functions of increasing density. The experiments quantify the trade-off between food and area in population regulation. These trade-offs varied with initial abundance of larvae and adults and show the risk of ignoring abundances of any life stages when characterizing vital rates. I contrast population regulation of O. surinamensis with Tribolium sp., and suggest O. surinamensis is a good alternative for experiments on population dynamics because of better mobility and shorter development time. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Bancroft, J S AD - Beneficial Insect Introductions Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 501. S. Chapel Road Newark, DE 19713-3814, USA, jsbancr@udel.edu Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1061 EP - 1072 PB - Entomological Society of America, 9301 Annapolis Rd. Lanham MD 20706 USA VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Sawtoothed grain beetle KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Resource availability KW - Oryzaephilus surinamensis KW - Population dynamics KW - Silvanidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18262218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Intraspecific+Interaction+and+Mechanisms+of+Population+Regulation+in+Experimentally+Limited+Habitat&rft.au=Bancroft%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Bancroft&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1061&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silvanidae; Oryzaephilus surinamensis; Population dynamics; Resource availability ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The nonsusceptibility of soil Collembola to insect pathogens and their potential as scavengers of microbial pesticides AN - 18258372; 5318498 AB - Collembola are very abundant soil insects which contribute to the decomposition of organic matter. This paper presents data on the interaction between Collembola and selected microbial agents being tested or used as biological pesticides. The Collembolan, Folsomia candida, was not susceptible to the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Hirsutella spp., and Verticillium lecanii, or to the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis, and its endotoxins. F. candida consumed and inactivated the insect pathogens without suffering mortality, reproductive disturbance or any other harmful effects. Consumption of insect pathogens demonstrates the potential of the Collembola as scavengers of biological insecticides artificially introduced into the environment. JF - Pedobiologia AU - Broza, M AU - Pereira, R M AU - Stimac, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32604, USA, rpereira@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 523 EP - 534 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0031-4056, 0031-4056 KW - scavengers KW - Springtails KW - Collembola KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Bacteria KW - Fungi KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Pest control KW - Pathogens KW - Entomopathogenic fungi KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Soil KW - Insecticides KW - Folsomia candida KW - Pesticides KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18258372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pedobiologia&rft.atitle=The+nonsusceptibility+of+soil+Collembola+to+insect+pathogens+and+their+potential+as+scavengers+of+microbial+pesticides&rft.au=Broza%2C+M%3BPereira%2C+R+M%3BStimac%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Broza&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pedobiologia&rft.issn=00314056&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Collembola; Folsomia candida; Bacillus thuringiensis; Entomopathogenic fungi; Biological control; Pesticides; Soil microorganisms; Insecticides; Pest control; Bacteria; Soil; Pathogens; Fungi ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Histone Deacetylase Activity and Phytotoxic Effects Following Exposure of Duckweed (Lemna pausicostata L.) to Apicidin and HC-Toxin AN - 18256235; 5317044 AB - The effects of two cyclic tetrapeptide fungal toxins, apicidin (from Fusarium spp.) and HC-toxin (from Cochliobolus carbonum), on duckweed (Lemna pausicostata L.) were examined. Both toxins inhibited histone deacetylase (HD) activity from duckweed plantlets; the effective concentration (EC sub(50)) for inhibition of HD was 5.6 and 1.1 mu M for apicidin and HC-toxin, respectively. Approximately 65 and 85% of in vitro HD activity was inhibited by 50 mu M apicidin or HC-toxin, respectively. Exposing duckweed for 72 h to apicidin or HC-toxin (25 or 50 mu M) enhanced cellular leakage, impaired chlorophyll synthesis, and inhibited growth (cell division). At equivalent concentrations, the effects of HC-toxin were more pronounced than those of apicidin. In fronds, 72 h of exposure to 50 mu M apicidin resulted in chloroplast deterioration indicated by loss of orientation and excess starch accumulation. In roots, a 72-h treatment with 50 mu M apicidin resulted in the loss of the root cap and increased vacuolization and starch accumulation in plastids. JF - Phytopathology AU - Abbas, H K AU - Gronwald, J W AU - Plaisance, K L AU - Paul, R N AU - Lee, Y W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA, habbas@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1141 EP - 1148 VL - 91 IS - 12 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Apicidin KW - double prime HC toxin KW - histone deacetylase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - HC toxin KW - ^AHC toxin KW - Fusarium KW - Lemna pausicostata KW - Chlorophyll KW - Chloroplasts KW - Cochliobolus carbonum KW - Toxins KW - Phytotoxicity KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18256235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Histone+Deacetylase+Activity+and+Phytotoxic+Effects+Following+Exposure+of+Duckweed+%28Lemna+pausicostata+L.%29+to+Apicidin+and+HC-Toxin&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BGronwald%2C+J+W%3BPlaisance%2C+K+L%3BPaul%2C+R+N%3BLee%2C+Y+W&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lemna pausicostata; Fusarium; Cochliobolus carbonum; Toxins; Phytotoxicity; Chlorophyll; Chloroplasts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial Analysis of Phytophthora infestans Genotypes and Late Blight Severity on Tomato and Potato in the Del Fuerte Valley Using Geostatistics and Geographic Information Systems AN - 18256161; 5317046 AB - Genetic structure of Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of potato and tomato late blight, was analyzed spatially in a mixed potato and tomato production area in the Del Fuerte Valley, Sinaloa, Mexico. Isolates of P. infestans were characterized by mating type, allozyme analysis at the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase loci, restriction fragment length polymorphism with probe RG57, metalaxyl sensitivity, and aggressiveness to tomato and potato. Spatial patterns of P. infestans genotypes were analyzed by geographical information systems and geostatistics during the seasons of 1994-95, 1995-96, and 1996-97. Spatial analysis of the genetic structure of P. infestans indicates that geographic substructuring of this pathogen occurs in this area. Maps displaying the probabilities of occurrence of mating types and genotypes of P. infestans, and of disease severity at a regional scale, were presented. Some genotypes that exhibited differences in epidemiologically important features such as metalaxyl sensitivity and aggressiveness to tomato and potato had a restricted spread and were localized in isolated areas. Analysis of late blight severity showed recurring patterns, such as the earliest onset of the disease in the area where both potato and tomato were growing, strengthening the hypothesis that infected potato tubers are the main source of primary inoculum. The information that geostatistical analysis provides might help improve management programs for late blight in the Del Fuerte Valley. JF - Phytopathology AU - Jaime-Garcia, R AU - Orum, T V AU - Felix-Gastelum, R AU - Trinidad-Correa, R AU - VanEtten, H D AU - Nelson, M R AD - Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA, rjaime@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1156 EP - 1165 VL - 91 IS - 12 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - tomato KW - potato KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Spatial distribution KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - Disease control KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Mexico KW - Late blight KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Geographic information systems KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18256161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Spatial+Analysis+of+Phytophthora+infestans+Genotypes+and+Late+Blight+Severity+on+Tomato+and+Potato+in+the+Del+Fuerte+Valley+Using+Geostatistics+and+Geographic+Information+Systems&rft.au=Jaime-Garcia%2C+R%3BOrum%2C+T+V%3BFelix-Gastelum%2C+R%3BTrinidad-Correa%2C+R%3BVanEtten%2C+H+D%3BNelson%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Jaime-Garcia&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytophthora infestans; Lycopersicon esculentum; Solanum tuberosum; Mexico; Late blight; Spatial distribution; Geographic information systems; Disease control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbohydrate-Loading During the Follicular Phase of the Menstrual Cycle: Effects on Muscle Glycogen and Exercise Performance AN - 18255372; 5312414 AB - The effects of employing a high-carbohydrate diet (carbohydrate-loading) to increase glycogen storage in skeletal muscle are not well established in female athletes. On 4 occasions--2 familiarization trials and 2 experimental trials--6 well-trained female subjects completed 6 x 15-min continuous intervals of cycling (12 min at 72% VO sub(2max), 1 min at maximal effort, and 2 min at 50% VO sub(2max)), followed by a time trial 15 min later. The women consumed their habitual diets (HD; 6-7 g carbohydrate/kg lean body mass) for 3 days after the second familiarization trial and before the first experimental trial. During the 3 days following the first experimental trial, the subjects consumed a high-carbohydrate diet (CD; 9-10 g carbohydrate/kg lean body mass) prior to the second experimental trial. Mean ( plus or minus SEM) pre-exercise muscle glycogen concentrations were greater after CD versus HD (171.9 plus or minus 8.7 vs. 131.4 plus or minus 10.3 mmol/kg wet weight, P < 0.003). Although 4 of the 6 subjects improved their time-trial performance after CD, mean performance for the time trial was not significantly different between diets (HD: 763.9 plus or minus 35.6 s; CD: 752.9 plus or minus 30.1 s). Thus, female cyclists can increase their muscle glycogen stores after a carbohydrate-loading diet during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, but we found no compelling evidence of a dietary effect on performance of a cycling time trial performed after 90 min of moderate-intensity exercise. JF - International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism AU - Paul AU - Mulroy, S M AU - Horner, JA AU - Jacobs, KA AU - Lamb AD - Diet and Human Performance Laboratory at the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 430 EP - 441 PB - Human Kinetics Publishers VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1526-484X, 1526-484X KW - Physical Education Index KW - Exercise physiology KW - Women KW - Carbohydrate loading KW - Menstruation KW - Muscles (histochemistry) KW - Glycogen KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18255372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Sport+Nutrition+and+Exercise+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Carbohydrate-Loading+During+the+Follicular+Phase+of+the+Menstrual+Cycle%3A+Effects+on+Muscle+Glycogen+and+Exercise+Performance&rft.au=Paul%3BMulroy%2C+S+M%3BHorner%2C+JA%3BJacobs%2C+KA%3BLamb&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Sport+Nutrition+and+Exercise+Metabolism&rft.issn=1526484X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycogen; Menstruation; Muscles (histochemistry); Carbohydrate loading; Women; Exercise physiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatio-temporal evolution and time-stable characteristics of soil moisture within remote sensing footprints with varying soil, slope, and vegetation AN - 18253437; 5310929 AB - Air-borne passive microwave remote sensors measure soil moisture at the footprint scale, a scale of several hundred square meters or kilometers that encompasses different characteristic combinations of soil, topography, vegetation, and climate. Studies of within-footprint variability of soil moisture are needed to determine the factors governing hydrologic processes and their relative importance, as well as to test the efficacy of remote sensors. Gridded ground-based impedance probe water content data and aircraft-mounted Electronically Scanned Thinned Array Radiometer (ESTAR) pixel-average soil moisture data were used to investigate the spatio-temporal evolution and time-stable characteristics of soil moisture in three selected (LW03, LW13, LW21) footprints from the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97) Hydrology Experiment. Better time-stable features were observed within a footprint containing sandy loam soil than within two pixels containing silty loam soil. Additionally, flat topography with split wheat/grass land cover produced the largest spatio-temporal variability and the least time stability in soil moisture patterns. A comparison of ground-based and remote sensing data showed that ESTAR footprint-average soil moisture was well calibrated for the LW03 pixel with sandy loam soil, rolling topography, and pasture land cover, but improved calibration is warranted for the LW13 (silty loam soil, rolling topography, pasture land) and LW21 (silty loam soil, flat topography, split vegetation of wheat and grass land with tillage practice) pixels. Footprint-scale variability and associated nonlinear soil moisture dynamics may prove to be critical in the regional-scale hydroclimatic models. JF - Advances in Water Resources AU - Mohanty, B P AU - Skaggs, TH AD - George E. Brown Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, bmohanty@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 1051 EP - 1067 VL - 24 IS - 9-10 SN - 0309-1708, 0309-1708 KW - North America, Great Plains KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Variability KW - Soil/water systems KW - Climate KW - Remote sensing KW - Vegetation KW - Soil Water KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Microwaves KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Calibrations KW - Soil moisture variations KW - Soil Types KW - Microwave radiometric measurement of soil moisture KW - Hydrology KW - Radiometer calibration KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Topography KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - M2 551.501.795:Microwave techniques (551.501.795) KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - M2 556.131.116:Soil-moisture and groundwater level variations (556.131.116) KW - M2 551.579.5:Soil moisture, percolation (551.579.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18253437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.atitle=Spatio-temporal+evolution+and+time-stable+characteristics+of+soil+moisture+within+remote+sensing+footprints+with+varying+soil%2C+slope%2C+and+vegetation&rft.au=Mohanty%2C+B+P%3BSkaggs%2C+TH&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=1051&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.issn=03091708&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Nonlinear Propagation of Multi-Scale Dynamics Through Hydrologic Subsystems. N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil moisture variations; Microwave radiometric measurement of soil moisture; Radiometer calibration; Microwaves; Climate; Soil/water systems; Remote sensing; Hydrology; Vegetation; Topography; Remote Sensing; Variability; Calibrations; Soil Types; Soil Water; Spatial Distribution; Temporal Distribution; USA, Great Plains ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lincomycin hydrochloride for the control of American foulbrood disease of honey bees AN - 18251677; 5314890 AB - The antibiotic lincomycin hydrochloride was evaluated for toxicity to larval and adult honey bees and for efficacy in controlling American foulbrood disease (AFB). Results of toxicity studies involving nine applications of lincomycin (200-, 600-, or 1000 mg active ingredient per application) as a dust in confectioners sugar revealed no significant differences in mortality among any of the treatment groups for either adults or larvae, when compared to untreated or sugar-treated controls. In field efficacy studies, 18 colonies with existing oxytetracycline-resistant AFB were dusted three times, one week apart, with either 100-, 200-, or 400 mg lincomycin (in 20 g confectioners sugar). Forty- five days after the third treatment, no visible signs of AFB could be found, regardless of the initial severity of disease or the dose applied. JF - Apidologie AU - Feldlaufer, M F AU - Pettis, J S AU - Kochansky, J P AU - Stiles, G AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Bee Research Laboratory, Bldg. 476, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, feldlaum@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 547 EP - 554 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0044-8435, 0044-8435 KW - Honey bee KW - Hymenoptera KW - Bumble bees KW - lincomycin hydrochloride KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Chemical control KW - Apis mellifera KW - Antibiotics KW - Lincomycin KW - Apiculture KW - Toxicity testing KW - Apidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18251677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Apidologie&rft.atitle=Lincomycin+hydrochloride+for+the+control+of+American+foulbrood+disease+of+honey+bees&rft.au=Feldlaufer%2C+M+F%3BPettis%2C+J+S%3BKochansky%2C+J+P%3BStiles%2C+G&rft.aulast=Feldlaufer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Apidologie&rft.issn=00448435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Apidae; Lincomycin; Chemical control; Antibiotics; Toxicity testing; Apiculture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to Ginger Root Oil Enhances Mating Success of Irradiated, Mass-Reared Males of Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 18245158; 5305100 AB - Previous research revealed that exposure to ginger root oil, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, containing the known male attractant ( alpha -copaene) increased the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), from a newly established laboratory colony. The goal of the current study was to determine whether exposure to ginger root oil likewise enhanced the mating competitiveness of irradiated C. capitata males from a 5-yr-old mass-reared strain. Mating tests were conducted in field cages containing guava trees (Psidium guajava L.) to monitor the mating frequency of irradiated, mass-reared and wild males competing for wild females. In the absence of chemical exposure, wild males outcompeted the mass-reared males and obtained 74% of all matings. However, following exposure to ginger root oil (20 mu l for 6 h), the mating frequencies were reversed. Whether exposed as mature (3-d-old) or immature (1-d-old) adults, mass-reared males achieved approximately 75% of all matings in tests conducted 2 or 4 d following exposure, respectively. Irradiated, mass-reared males prevented from contacting the oil directly (i.e., exposed to the odor only for 6 h) still exhibited a mating advantage over wild males. In an additional study, signaling levels and female arrivals were compared between males exposed to ginger root oil and nonexposed males, but no significant differences were detected. The implications of these findings for the sterile insect technique are discussed. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Shelly, TE AU - McInnis, DO AD - USDA-APHIS, P.O. Box 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795, USA Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1413 EP - 1418 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0022-0493&volume=94&page=1413] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Males KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - Fruit flies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Attractants KW - Irradiated KW - Tephritidae KW - Reproduction KW - Zingiber officinale KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - D 04710:Control KW - Z 05175:Pheromones, repellents & attractants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18245158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+Ginger+Root+Oil+Enhances+Mating+Success+of+Irradiated%2C+Mass-Reared+Males+of+Mediterranean+Fruit+Fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Shelly%2C+TE%3BMcInnis%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Shelly&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282001%29094%281413%3AETGROE%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zingiber officinale; Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; Attractants; Reproduction; Irradiated DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2001)094(1413:ETGROE)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology, Impact and Preliminary Host-specificity Testing of the Rust Fungus, Uromyces salsolae, a Potential Biological Control Agent for Salsola kali in the USA AN - 18244423; 5305259 AB - Russian thistle, Salsola kali (= Salsola australis) (Chenopodiaceae) of Eurasian origin is a troublesome weed in the drier regions of the western USA. The weed commonly infests crops, disturbed wastelands and overgrazed rangelands. A rust fungus, Uromyces salsolae, has been found to cause considerable damage to the weed in Eurasia. Field observations in Turkey revealed that S. kali plants infected by the rust were covered with a powdery brown mass of urediniospores and had stunted growth. Under laboratory conditions, U. salsolae severely infected Salsola plants from France, the USA and Turkey (control). The urediniospores germinated when in contact with water within a minimum period of 2 h and over a wide range of temperatures. S. kali plants were also infected at a wide range of temperatures and incubation periods with simulated dew. Fungal attack was very severe and caused mortality or much reduced growth of infected plants without seed production. Preliminary host specificity testing using 17 plant species or varieties from six families revealed that the rust infected only the Russian thistle. U. salsolae was imported recently into the USA for further host specificity testing under quarantine conditions. Its use as a biological control agent for S. kali in the USA is recommended. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Hasan, S AU - Sobhian, R AU - Herard, F AD - European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 90013, Montferrier sur Lez, 34988 St. Gely du Fesc Cedex, France Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 677 EP - 689 VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Temperature effects KW - Biological control KW - Turkey KW - Salsola kali KW - Rust KW - Weed control KW - USA KW - Uromyces salsolae KW - Spores KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18244423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Biology%2C+Impact+and+Preliminary+Host-specificity+Testing+of+the+Rust+Fungus%2C+Uromyces+salsolae%2C+a+Potential+Biological+Control+Agent+for+Salsola+kali+in+the+USA&rft.au=Hasan%2C+S%3BSobhian%2C+R%3BHerard%2C+F&rft.aulast=Hasan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09583150120093040 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Uromyces salsolae; Salsola kali; USA; Turkey; Rust; Biological control; Spores; Weed control; Temperature effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583150120093040 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus loss from land to water: integrating agricultural and environmental management AN - 18238656; 5292045 AB - Phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient for crop and animal production, can accelerate freshwater eutrophication, now one of the most ubiquitous forms of water quality impairment in the developed world. Repeated outbreaks of harmful algal blooms (e.g., Cyanobacteria and Pfiesteria) have increased society's awareness of eutrophication, and the need for solutions. Agriculture is regarded as an important source of P in the environment. Specifically, the concentration of specialized farming systems has led to a transfer of P from areas of grain production to animal production. This has created regional surpluses in P inputs (mineral fertilizer and feed) over outputs (crop and animal produce), built up soil P in excess of crop needs, and increased the loss of P from land to water. Recent research has shown that this loss of P in both surface runoff and subsurface flow originates primarily from small areas within watersheds during a few storms. These areas occur where high soil P, or P application in mineral fertilizer or manure, coincide with high runoff or erosion potential. We argue that the overall goal of efforts to reduce P loss to water should involve balancing P inputs and outputs at farm and watershed levels by optimizing animal feed rations and land application of P as mineral fertilizer and manure. Also, conservation practices should be targeted to relatively small but critical watershed areas for P export. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Sharpley, AN AU - McDowell, R W AU - Kleinman, P J AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit Building 3702, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA, ans3@psu.edu Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 287 EP - 307 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 237 IS - 2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Eutrophication KW - Phosphorus KW - Water Quality KW - Nutrients KW - Phosphorus Removal KW - Cyanophyta KW - SW 3070:Water quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18238656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+loss+from+land+to+water%3A+integrating+agricultural+and+environmental+management&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+AN%3BMcDowell%2C+R+W%3BKleinman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=AN&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=237&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural Runoff; Eutrophication; Water Quality; Phosphorus; Nutrients; Phosphorus Removal; Cyanophyta ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) alleviates drought stress in wheat AN - 18225419; 5293279 AB - Rising levels of atmospheric CO sub(2) affect transpiration and water absorption processes that influence total leaf water potential ( psi sub(W)) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this case study was to determine the effect of a rise in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration on predawn, midday, and sunset psi sub(W) as soil matric potential ( psi sub(M)) ranged from -0.03 to -1.50 MPa. 'Yecora Rojo' was sown on 15 December 1992 (130 plants m super(-2)) and 7-8 December 1993 (180 plants m super(-2)) in an open field at Maricopa, AZ (33.1 degree N, 112.0 degree W), in air enriched for 24 h per day to a atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration of similar to 200 mu mol mol super(-1) (550 mu mol mol super(-1)) above ambient (370 mu mol mol super(-1)) using a free-air CO sub(2) enrichment (FACE) apparatus (main-plot) in four replicates. A sub-surface drip-tape irrigation system provided two soil-water content treatments: 50% (dry) and 100% (wet) replacement of potential evapotranspiration (split-plot). Treatments were control-dry (CD), FACE-dry (FD), control-wet (CW) and FACE-wet (FW). A pressure chamber was used to measure psi sub(W) on 3-5 upper-canopy fully-expanded sunlit leaves at predawn, midday, and sunset between tillering and hard dough during 1993 and 1994. The psi sub(W) for the dry plots was regressed on psi sub(M) from field capacity (-0.03 MPa) to the permanent wilting point (-1.50 MPa). Slopes (standard error) were derived for CD ( psi sub(W[CD]) (MPa) psi sub(M[CD]) (MPa) super(-1)) compared with FD ( psi sub(W[FD]) (MPa) psi sub(M[FD]) (MPa) super(-1)) at predawn (5.1 (1.2) compared with 1.1 (0.2)), midday (4.3 (1.8) compared with 0.7 (0.3)), and sunset (5.9 (1.5) compared with 1.0 (0.9)). Regardless of time of day, more negative psi sub(W) for a given psi sub(M) occurred in control compared with FACE (P < 0.01). As psi sub(M) ranged from -0.03 to -1.50 MPa, a similar to 200 mu mol mol super(-1) rise in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration resulted in a curvilinearly increase in drought stress alleviation from 0 to 77% at predawn, 0 to 67% at midday, and 0 to 79% at sunset. Hence, as the CO sub(2) concentration of the atmosphere rises, both drought avoidance and tolerance mechanisms will be enhanced resulting in improved water relations in wheat. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Wall, G W AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA, gwall@uswcl.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 261 EP - 271 VL - 87 IS - 3 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - USA, Arizona, Maricopa KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Drought KW - Plant Water Potential KW - Wheat KW - Diurnal Distribution KW - Crops KW - Water Stress KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18225419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Elevated+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+alleviates+drought+stress+in+wheat&rft.au=Wall%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant Water Potential; Drought; Diurnal Distribution; Wheat; Crops; Carbon Dioxide; Water Stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Great Egret Preference for Catfish Size Classes AN - 18221423; 5285790 AB - Several species of fish-eating birds are commonly observed near aquaculture facilities in the southern United States. An understanding of the relationships between these birds and specific commodities is needed to interpret and manage bird impacts to aquacultural production. We conducted two foraging experiments to evaluate the preference of Great Egrets (Ardea alba) for three specific size classes of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). During six no-choice feeding trials, egrets consumed significantly more small (7.5-10 cm) fingerlings than medium (15-18 cm) or large (23-25 cm) catfish. Egrets captured 19 large catfish, and ingested only two, even when no other fish were available. During two-choice trials, Great Egrets significantly preferred small fingerlings to medium-sized fish, and medium-sized catfish to large fish. Handling time was directly related to the size of catfish ingested. Handling time was inversely related to the number of catfish ingested from each size class, particularly when Great Egrets were given a choice between two catfish size classes. Thus, we infer that the ease of capture and physical defenses (e.g., catfish spines) associated with particular foods affect Great Egret foraging preferences. Management of Great Egret impacts to aquacultural production should focus on dispersing egrets from ponds containing small (<18 cm) Channel Catfish, rather than generalized dispersal at all ponds on all farms. JF - Waterbirds AU - Werner, S J AU - Tobin, ME AU - Fioranelli, P B AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, USA, Scott.J.Werner@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 381 EP - 385 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 1524-4695, 1524-4695 KW - Channel catfish KW - Great Egret KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Foraging behavior KW - Predation KW - Prey selection KW - Freshwater fish KW - Aquaculture KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - USA KW - Body size KW - Egretta alba KW - Aquatic birds KW - Fish culture KW - Size KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25496:Birds KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18221423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Great+Egret+Preference+for+Catfish+Size+Classes&rft.au=Werner%2C+S+J%3BTobin%2C+ME%3BFioranelli%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Werner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waterbirds&rft.issn=15244695&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Predation; Prey selection; Freshwater fish; Fish culture; Aquatic birds; Size; Foraging behavior; Body size; Aquaculture; Egretta alba; Ictalurus punctatus; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Three new species of Candida from apple cider: C. anglica, C. cidri and C. pomicola AN - 18218587; 5291811 AB - Three new anamorphic ascomycetous yeasts are described: Candida anglica (type strain NRRL Y-27079, CBS 4262), Candida cidri (type strain NRRL Y-27078, CBS 4241), and Candida pomicola (type strain NRRL Y-27083, CBS 4242). These three species were isolated from cider produced in the United Kingdom, and their identification was determined from unique nucleotide sequences in the species-specific D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of D1/D2 sequences placed C. anglica near Candida fragi, C. cidri near Pichia capsulata, and C. pomicola in the Pichia holstii clade. JF - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek AU - Kurtzman, C AU - Robnett, C AU - Yarrow, D AD - Microbial Properties Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA; , Kurtzman@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 237 EP - 244 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 80 IS - 3-4 SN - 0003-6072, 0003-6072 KW - apple cider KW - new species KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Candida cidri KW - Candida anglica KW - Beverages KW - Candida pomicola KW - Taxonomy KW - K 03002:Fungi KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18218587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.atitle=Three+new+species+of+Candida+from+apple+cider%3A+C.+anglica%2C+C.+cidri+and+C.+pomicola&rft.au=Kurtzman%2C+C%3BRobnett%2C+C%3BYarrow%2C+D&rft.aulast=Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antonie+Van+Leeuwenhoek&rft.issn=00036072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Candida anglica; Candida cidri; Candida pomicola; Taxonomy; Beverages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population Status and Distribution of Double-crested Cormorants Wintering in the Southeastern Delta of Arkansas AN - 18215340; 5285802 AB - Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) wintering in the southeast delta of Arkansas were monitored via aerial surveys to determine their numbers and distribution. At least two surveys per month (December 1999-April 2000) were conducted. Each survey was comprised of two separate afternoon flights to cover the study area during the evening roosting period. Most of the two flights making up each survey were flown on consecutive days to reduce possible movement of cormorants between the two flight routes. December through February surveys all exceeded 15,000 individuals, except for early January, when there was an appreciable drop in numbers. The cormorant numbers peaked in early February at 26,822 individuals. During this study, cormorants utilized a total of ten night roosts within this catfish-producing region of Arkansas. This study area in southeast Arkansas encompasses the primary production acreage for the Arkansas catfish industry and is a likely attractant for the Double-crested Cormorant. This collection of baseline population data is important in researching the relation of the Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) industry to growing cormorant numbers. These data will also provide a valuable base line in assessing cormorant population changes that might occur due to any future management strategies adopted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. JF - Waterbirds AU - Wooten, DE AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center P.O. Box 860, 2955 Highway 130 East, Stuttgart, Arkansas 72160 USA, dwooten@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 446 EP - 449 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 1524-4695, 1524-4695 KW - Channel catfish KW - Double-crested cormorant KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Marine birds KW - Predation KW - Phalacrocorax auritus KW - Freshwater fish KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Winter KW - Fishery management KW - Population status KW - USA, Arkansas KW - Aquatic birds KW - Fish culture KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18215340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Population+Status+and+Distribution+of+Double-crested+Cormorants+Wintering+in+the+Southeastern+Delta+of+Arkansas&rft.au=Wooten%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Wooten&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=446&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waterbirds&rft.issn=15244695&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine birds; Fishery management; Predation; Freshwater fish; Fish culture; Aquatic birds; Rivers; Population status; Winter; Phalacrocorax auritus; Ictalurus punctatus; USA, Arkansas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomass estimation in the Tapajos National Forest, Brazil. Examination of sampling and allometric uncertainties AN - 18209227; 5273513 AB - Changes in the biomass of Amazon region forests represent an important component of the global carbon cycle but the biomass of these forests remains poorly quantified. Minimizing the error in forest biomass estimates is necessary in order to reduce the uncertainty in future Amazon carbon budgets. We examined forest survey data for trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 35 cm from four plots with a total area of 392 ha in the Tapajos National Forest near Santarem, Para, Brazil (3 degree 04'S, 54 degree 95'W). The average frequency of trees greater than 35 cm DBH was approximately 55 ha super(-1). Based on tree diameters, allometric relations, and published relations for biomass in other compartments besides trees of DBH >35 cm , we estimated a total biomass density of 372 Mg ha super(-1). We produced a highly conservative error estimate of about 50% of this value. Trees with diameters greater than 35 cm DBH accounted for about half of the total biomass. This estimate includes all live and dead plant material above- and below-ground with the exception of soil organic matter. We propagated errors in sampling and those associated with allometric relations and other ratios used to estimate biomass of roots, lianas and epiphytes, and necromass. The major sources of uncertainty in our estimate were found in the allometric relations for trees with DBH greater than 35 cm, in the estimates of biomass of trees with DBH less than 35 cm, and in root biomass. Simulated sampling based on our full survey, suggests that we could have estimated mean biomass per hectare for trees ( DBH greater than or equal to 35 cm ) to within 20% (sampling error only) with 95% confidence by sampling 21 randomly selected 0.25 ha plots in our study area. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Keller, M AU - Palace, M AU - Hurtt, G AD - USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, 00928-5000 Rio Piedras, PR USA Y1 - 2001/12/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Dec 01 SP - 371 EP - 382 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 154 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Amazonia KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Lianas KW - Forest management KW - Brazil KW - Roots KW - Sampling KW - Biomass KW - Epiphytes KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18209227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Biomass+estimation+in+the+Tapajos+National+Forest%2C+Brazil.+Examination+of+sampling+and+allometric+uncertainties&rft.au=Keller%2C+M%3BPalace%2C+M%3BHurtt%2C+G&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brazil; Biomass; Sampling; Lianas; Epiphytes; Roots; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contingent valuation of some externalities from mine dewatering AN - 18207805; 5277009 AB - We assess the economic impacts of some externalities from mine dewatering using the discrete choice version of the contingent valuation method. "Dewatering" refers to the pumping of ground water from areas surrounding mines. Our focus is on the dewatering being conducted by the large open-pit gold mines located in the Humboldt River basin of northern Nevada and its downstream impacts. Results indicate that in the short term the mines have created a positive externality for downstream parties. In the long term downstream impacts may be negative, but upstream "pit lakes" will be created that may have some value to users, depending on the lakes' quality. JF - Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management AU - Huszar, E J AU - Netusil, N R AU - Shaw, W D AD - U.S. Dept. of Agr., Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Policy Anal. and Devel., 4700 River Rd., Unit 119, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA, eric.huszar@usda.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - December 2001 SP - 369 EP - 377 VL - 127 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9496, 0733-9496 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Environmental Effects KW - Value KW - Heavy metals KW - Case Studies KW - Dewatering KW - Water Resources Management KW - Project Planning KW - Economic Impact KW - Mines and mining KW - Economic Evaluation KW - Groundwater (see also Aquifers) KW - Gold KW - Pumping KW - Groundwater KW - Mine Drainage KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18207805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.atitle=Contingent+valuation+of+some+externalities+from+mine+dewatering&rft.au=Huszar%2C+E+J%3BNetusil%2C+N+R%3BShaw%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Huszar&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Water+Resources+Planning+and+Management&rft.issn=07339496&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mines and mining; Heavy metals; Groundwater (see also Aquifers); Dewatering; Gold; Pumping; Environmental Effects; Economic Evaluation; Value; Case Studies; Water Resources Management; Groundwater; Economic Impact; Project Planning; Mine Drainage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breeding Bird Use of and Nesting Success in Exotic Russian Olive in New Mexico AN - 17672609; 5400819 AB - The exotic tree, Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), has invaded riparian zones throughout much of the western Unites States. Although promoted as a useful species for wildlife because of its abundant edible fruit, evidence for its value to breeding birds remains sparse. We compared relative rates of usage, nest success, and cowbird parasitism of birds breeding in Russian olive versus native tree species at a site where Russian olive is a minor component. Some species, such as the Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) and Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens), preferentially placed their nests in Russian olive. Nest success was similar for nests in Russian olive and native species. During 1997, nests of the Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) were significantly more likely to be parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) when placed in Russian olive than in native species, although nest success was not significantly different. Our results may not apply to areas where Russian olive is common. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Stoleson, SH AU - Finch, D M AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 333 Broadway SE, Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102-3497, USA, sstoleson@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 452 EP - 455 PB - The Wilson Ornithological Society VL - 113 IS - 4 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Y 25040:Behavioral Ecology KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17672609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Breeding+Bird+Use+of+and+Nesting+Success+in+Exotic+Russian+Olive+in+New+Mexico&rft.au=Stoleson%2C+SH%3BFinch%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Stoleson&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-5643%282001%29113%280452%3ABBUOAN%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-5643(2001)113(0452:BBUOAN)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methane Oxidation and Production Activity in Soils from Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems AN - 16149857; 5410448 AB - Methane (CH sub(4)) flux from soil to the atmosphere is the result of two microbial processes, methanogenesis and CH sub(4) oxidation. Land use may have a profound impact on the relative activities of these groups of organisms. In this study, the CH sub(4) production and consumption potentials of soils from agricultural and nonagricultural ecosystems were assessed in laboratory incubations. Methane production potentials of most soils were low and in the range of 0.02 to 0.35 nmol CH sub(4) g soil super(-1) h super(-1); however, soils from two of the agricultural sites that experience periodic water saturation had CH sub(4) production potentials from 100 to 300 nmol CH sub(4) g soil super(-1) h super(-1). The high methanogenic potential suggests that CH sub(4) consumers may not be wholly dependent on atmospheric CH sub(4) for their survival and maintenance. The prairie soils exhibited the highest CH sub(4) oxidation under ambient atmospheric CH sub(4) concentrations, and CH sub(4) oxidation activity was markedly enhanced in incubations with an atmosphere enriched in CH sub(4). This stimulated CH sub(4) oxidation activity was generally greater in the agricultural soils as compared with the forest and prairie soils. Methane oxidation appeared to be related to soil nitrogen status. Under ambient atmospheric CH sub(4) concentrations, CH sub(4) oxidation was negatively related to soil mineral N (NO super(-) sub(2) + NO super(-) sub(3) + NH super(+) sub(4)) concentration. However, a positive relationship between soil mineral N status and CH sub(4) oxidation activity was observed in incubations with atmospheres enriched in CH sub(4). This pattern suggests that the agricultural lands contain different populations of CH sub(4) oxidizers than the natural systems. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Chan, ASK AU - Parkin, T B AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Lab., 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA, parkin@nstl.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1896 EP - 1903 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Soil KW - Methane KW - Oxidation KW - Emissions KW - Microbial activity KW - Methanogenesis KW - Land use KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16149857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Methane+Oxidation+and+Production+Activity+in+Soils+from+Natural+and+Agricultural+Ecosystems&rft.au=Chan%2C+ASK%3BParkin%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=ASK&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1896&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Agriculture; Methane; Oxidation; Emissions; Microbial activity; Land use; Methanogenesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adsorption and desorption of atrazine in soils and subsurface sediments AN - 16139573; 5357674 AB - Prediction of herbicide movement in the subsurface environment requires accurate estimates of herbicide sorption in soils and geologic materials. This information is often lacking for materials below the soil surface. We describe adsorption and desorption of atrazine in surface soils, subsoils, and sediments from different geologic settings with the Freundlich equation. Average adsorption partition coefficients (K sub(f)) for the C horizon materials were 0.43 c 0.25 for oxidized till, 0.51 c 0.02 for loess, and 0.55 c 0.24 for alluvium. Adsorption of atrazine was controlled principally by organic C. Samples of unoxidized tills adsorbed atrazine at levels equivalent to surface soils. All subsurface sediments retained atrazine during desorption to a greater relative extent than that predicted from adsorption isotherms. Although sorption of atrazine in subsurface sediments is generally low, there is sufficient retention to warrant consideration of sorption processes in the assessment of atrazine transport in the subsurface environment. JF - Soil Science AU - Moorman, T B AU - Jayachandran, K AU - Reungsang, A AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA, moorman@nstl.gov Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 921 EP - 929 VL - 166 IS - 12 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Atrazine KW - subsurface environment KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Path of Pollutants KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Freshwater KW - Alluvial deposits KW - Soil KW - Boulder clay KW - Soils KW - Subsoil KW - Geology KW - Isotherms KW - Data Collections KW - Sorption KW - Sediment pollution KW - Mathematical models KW - Desorption KW - Soil Contamination KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Herbicides KW - Sediments KW - Fate KW - Soil Types KW - Adsorption KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16139573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Adsorption+and+desorption+of+atrazine+in+soils+and+subsurface+sediments&rft.au=Moorman%2C+T+B%3BJayachandran%2C+K%3BReungsang%2C+A&rft.aulast=Moorman&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Sorption; Desorption; Mathematical models; Pollution dispersion; Herbicides; Alluvial deposits; Fate; Sediments; Boulder clay; Soils; Adsorption; Isotherms; Soil; Atrazine; Geology; Prediction; Subsoil; Soil Contamination; Path of Pollutants; Fate of Pollutants; Soil Types; Data Collections; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of coastal plain conservation buffers using the Riparian Ecosystem Management Model AN - 16127261; 5323675 AB - Riparian buffers are increasingly important as watershed management tools and are cost-shared by programs such as Conservation Reserve that are part of the USDA Conservation Buffer Initiative. Riparian buffers as narrow as 4.6m (15ft) are eligible for cost-share by USDA. The Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM) provides a tool to judge water quality improvement by buffers and to set design criteria for nutrient and sediment load reduction. REMM was used for a Coastal Plain site to simulate 14 different buffers ranging from 4.6 m to 51.8 m (15 to 170 ft) with three different types of vegetation (hardwood trees, pine trees, and perennial grass) with two water and nutrient loads. The load cases were low sediment/low nutrient - typical of a well managed agricultural field and low sediment/high nutrient - typical of liquid manure application to perennial forage crops. Simulations showed that the minimum width buffer (4.6 m) was inadequate for control of nutrients under either load case. The minimum width buffer that is eligible for cost share assistance on a field with known water quality problems (10.7 m, 35 ft) was projected to achieve at least 50 percent reduction of N, P, and sediment in the load cases simulated. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Lowrance, R AU - Williams, R G AU - Inamdar, S P AU - Bosch, D D AU - Sheridan, J M AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 946, Tifton, Georgia 31793, USA, lorenz@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1445 EP - 1456 VL - 37 IS - 6 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - REMM KW - buffer strips KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Coastal Plains KW - Environmental economics KW - Nutrient loading KW - Coastal plain KW - Sediment KW - Water resources KW - Watershed Management KW - Nutrients KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Ecology KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Potential resources KW - Riparian Land KW - Economics KW - Riparian environments KW - Ecosystem management KW - River basin management KW - Marine KW - Federal programs KW - Water Quality KW - Simulation KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Sediments KW - Model Studies KW - Water quality control KW - Coastal zone KW - Design Criteria KW - Sediment Load KW - Nature conservation KW - Conservation KW - Sediment load KW - Environment management KW - Pollution control KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16127261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+coastal+plain+conservation+buffers+using+the+Riparian+Ecosystem+Management+Model&rft.au=Lowrance%2C+R%3BWilliams%2C+R+G%3BInamdar%2C+S+P%3BBosch%2C+D+D%3BSheridan%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Lowrance&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coastal zone; Potential resources; Ecosystem management; Water resources; Sediment load; Watersheds; Water quality; River basin management; Pollution control; Water quality control; Environmental economics; Federal programs; Nutrient loading; Riparian environments; Nature conservation; Simulation; Environment management; Sediments; Ecology; Economics; Coastal plain; Sediment; Conservation; Modelling (-general-); Nutrients; Water Pollution Control; Coastal Plains; Design Criteria; Riparian Land; Water Quality; Sediment Load; Watershed Management; Model Studies; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving Statistical Efficiency and Testing Robustness of Conjoint Marginal Valuations AN - 1038598074; 17020532 AB - We investigate the effect of panelestimators and sample weighting to improve efficiency of coefficient estimates and confidence intervals on marginal values. Panel estimators are appropriate because most conjoint studies have respondents rate multiple product profiles. Using a random effects ordered probit model increases significance levels on two forest health attribute coefficients and results in substantial tightening of confidence intervals on marginal values. To mitigate the effects of low response rate, we weight the returned surveys using Census data to match the sample to the population. Two of the four marginal values from this weighted ordered probit model are substantially different. JF - American Journal of Agricultural Economics AU - Haefele, Michelle A AU - Loomis, John B AD - Colorado State University/USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Y1 - 2001/12// PY - 2001 DA - Dec 2001 SP - 1321 EP - 1327 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 83 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9092, 0002-9092 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Census KW - Forests KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3:1010 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038598074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.atitle=Improving+Statistical+Efficiency+and+Testing+Robustness+of+Conjoint+Marginal+Valuations&rft.au=Haefele%2C+Michelle+A%3BLoomis%2C+John+B&rft.aulast=Haefele&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.date=2001-12-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Agricultural+Economics&rft.issn=00029092&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F0002-9092.00285 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forests DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0002-9092.00285 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stimulation of lipolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. AN - 72295808; 11581251 AB - Hormonally stimulated lipolysis occurs by activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) which phosphorylates hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and increases adipocyte lipolysis. Evidence suggests that catecholamines not only can activate PKA, but also the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). We now demonstrate that two different inhibitors of MEK, the upstream activator of ERK, block catecholamine- and beta(3)-stimulated lipolysis by approximately 30%. Furthermore, treatment of adipocytes with dioctanoylglycerol, which activates ERK, increases lipolysis, although MEK inhibitors decrease dioctanoylglycerol-stimulated activation of lipolysis. Using a tamoxifen regulatable Raf system expressed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, exposure to tamoxifen causes a 14-fold activation of ERK within 15-30 min and results in approximately 2-fold increase in HSL activity. In addition, when differentiated 3T3-L1 cells expressing the regulatable Raf were exposed to tamoxifen, a 2-fold increase in lipolysis is observed. HSL is a substrate of activated ERK and site-directed mutagenesis of putative ERK consensus phosphorylation sites in HSL identified Ser(600) as the site phosphorylated by active ERK. When S600A HSL was expressed in 3T3-L1 cells expressing the regulatable Raf, tamoxifen treatment fails to increase its activity. Thus, activation of the ERK pathway appears to be able to regulate adipocyte lipolysis by phosphorylating HSL on Ser(600) and increasing the activity of HSL. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Greenberg, A S AU - Shen, W J AU - Muliro, K AU - Patel, S AU - Souza, S C AU - Roth, R A AU - Kraemer, F B AD - Jean Meyer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University 02111, USA. Y1 - 2001/11/30/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 30 SP - 45456 EP - 45461 VL - 276 IS - 48 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Flavonoids KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - Serine KW - 452VLY9402 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - Sterol Esterase KW - EC 3.1.1.13 KW - Isoproterenol KW - L628TT009W KW - Index Medicus KW - Tamoxifen -- pharmacology KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Animals KW - Immunoblotting KW - Plasmids -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Cell Differentiation KW - Mice KW - Serine -- chemistry KW - Isoproterenol -- pharmacology KW - Binding Sites KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - MAP Kinase Signaling System KW - Phosphorylation KW - Transfection KW - CHO Cells KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Flavonoids -- pharmacology KW - Time Factors KW - Signal Transduction KW - Cricetinae KW - Lipolysis -- physiology KW - Sterol Esterase -- metabolism KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72295808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Stimulation+of+lipolysis+and+hormone-sensitive+lipase+via+the+extracellular+signal-regulated+kinase+pathway.&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+A+S%3BShen%2C+W+J%3BMuliro%2C+K%3BPatel%2C+S%3BSouza%2C+S+C%3BRoth%2C+R+A%3BKraemer%2C+F+B&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-11-30&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=48&rft.spage=45456&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-10 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface and subsurface nitrate flow pathways on a watershed scale. AN - 71362100; 12805788 AB - Determining the interaction and impact of surface runoff and subsurface flow processes on the environment has been hindered by our inability to characterize subsurface soil structures on a watershed scale. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) data were collected and evaluated in determining subsurface hydrology at four small watersheds in Beltsville, MD. The watersheds have similar textures, organic matter contents, and yield distributions. Although the surface slope was greater on one of the watersheds, slope alone could not explain why it also had a nitrate runoff flux that was 18 times greater than the other three watersheds. Only with knowledge of the subsurface hydrology could the surface runoff differences be explained. The subsurface hydrology was developed by combining GPR and surface topography in a geographic information system. Discrete subsurface flow pathways were identified and confirmed with color infrared imagery, real-time soil moisture monitoring, and yield monitoring. The discrete subsurface flow patterns were also useful in understanding observed nitrate levels entering the riparian wetland and first order stream. This study demonstrated the impact that subsurface stratigraphy can have on water and nitrate (NO3-N) fluxes exiting agricultural lands, even when soil properties, yield distributions, and climate are similar. Reliable protocols for measuring subsurface fluxes of water and chemicals need to be developed. JF - TheScientificWorldJournal AU - Daughtry, C S AU - Gish, T J AU - Dulaney, W P AU - Walthall, C L AU - Kung, K J AU - McCarty, G W AU - Angier, J T AU - Buss, P AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. cdaughtry@hydralab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2001/11/30/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 30 SP - 155 EP - 162 VL - 1 Suppl 2 KW - Nitrates KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Water Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Agriculture KW - Water Movements KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Nitrates -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71362100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.atitle=Surface+and+subsurface+nitrate+flow+pathways+on+a+watershed+scale.&rft.au=Daughtry%2C+C+S%3BGish%2C+T+J%3BDulaney%2C+W+P%3BWalthall%2C+C+L%3BKung%2C+K+J%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W%3BAngier%2C+J+T%3BBuss%2C+P&rft.aulast=Daughtry&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-11-30&rft.volume=1+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.issn=1537-744X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concentrations, deposition, and effects of nitrogenous pollutants in selected California ecosystems. AN - 71362523; 12805794 AB - Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) in California ecosystems is ecologically significant and highly variable, ranging from about 1 to 45 kg/ha/year. The lowest ambient concentrations and deposition values are found in the eastern and northern parts of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the highest in parts of the San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains that are most exposed to the Los Angeles air pollution plume. In the Sierra Nevada Mountains, N is deposited mostly in precipitation, although dry deposition may also provide substantial amounts of N. On the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, the majority of airborne N is in reduced forms as ammonia (NH3) and particulate ammonium (NH4+) from agricultural activities in the California Central Valley. In southern California, most of the N air pollution is in oxidized forms as nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitric acid (HNO3), and particulate nitrate (NO3-) resulting from fossil fuel combustion and subsequent complex photochemical reactions. In southern California, dry deposition of gases and particles provides most (up to 95%) of the atmospheric N to forests and other ecosystems. In the mixed-conifer forest zone, elevated deposition of N may initially benefit growth of vegetation, but chronic effects may be expressed as deterioration of forest health and sustainability. HNO3 vapor alone has a potential for toxic effects causing damage of foliar surfaces of pines and oaks. In addition, dry deposition of predominantly HNO3 has lead to changes in vegetation composition and contamination of ground- and stream water where terrestrial N loading is high. Long-term, complex interactions between N deposition and other environmental stresses such as elevated ozone (O3), drought, insect infestations, fire suppression, or intensive land management practices may affect water quality and sustainability of California forests and other ecosystems. JF - TheScientificWorldJournal AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Padgett, P E AU - Parry, S D AU - Fenn, M E AU - Arbaugh, M J AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southest research Station, Riverside, CA 92507, USA. abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/11/28/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 28 SP - 304 EP - 311 VL - 1 Suppl 2 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Nitrates KW - Nitric Acid KW - 411VRN1TV4 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Agriculture KW - Gases -- chemistry KW - Gases -- analysis KW - Nitrates -- toxicity KW - Seasons KW - Absorption KW - Nitric Acid -- toxicity KW - Nitrates -- analysis KW - Geography KW - Gases -- toxicity KW - Nitric Acid -- analysis KW - Nitric Acid -- chemistry KW - Nitrates -- chemistry KW - Nitrogen -- chemistry KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Ecosystem KW - Atmosphere -- chemistry KW - Trees -- physiology KW - Nitrogen -- toxicity KW - Trees -- drug effects KW - Nitrogen -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Air Pollutants -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71362523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.atitle=Concentrations%2C+deposition%2C+and+effects+of+nitrogenous+pollutants+in+selected+California+ecosystems.&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BPadgett%2C+P+E%3BParry%2C+S+D%3BFenn%2C+M+E%3BArbaugh%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-11-28&rft.volume=1+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=304&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.issn=1537-744X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial distribution of nitrogen on grazed karst landscapes. AN - 71373773; 12805831 AB - The impact on water quality by agricultural activity in karst terrain is an important consideration for resource management within the Appalachian region. Karst areas comprise about 18% of the region"s land area. An estimated one-third of the region"s farms, cattle, and agricultural market value are located on karst terrain. Mean nitrate concentrations in several karst springs in southeastern West Virginia exhibit a strong linear relationship with the percentage of agriculture land cover. Development of best management practices for efficient nitrogen (N) use and reduction of outflow of N to water from karst areas requires knowledge about N dynamics on those landscapes. Water extractable NO3-N and NH4-N were measured along transects at four soil depths in two grazed sinkholes and one wooded sinkhole. Distribution of soil NO3-N and NH4-N were related to frequency of animal presence and to topographic and hydrologic redistribution of soil and fecal matter in the grazed sinkholes. Karst pastures are characterized by under drainage and funneling of water and contaminants to the shallow aquifer. Control of NO3-N leaching from karst pasture may depend on management strategies that change livestock grazing behavior in sinkholes and reduce the opportunity for water and contaminants to quickly reach sinkhole drains. JF - TheScientificWorldJournal AU - Boyer, D G AU - Alloush, G A AD - Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beaver, WV 25813, USA. dboyer@afsrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11/27/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 27 SP - 809 EP - 813 VL - 1 Suppl 2 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Fertilizers KW - Manure KW - Nitrates KW - Soil KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Manure -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry KW - Solubility KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Cattle KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Fertilizers -- analysis KW - Nitrates -- analysis KW - West Virginia KW - Nitrates -- chemistry KW - Nitrogen -- chemistry KW - Agriculture KW - Nitrogen -- analysis KW - Soil -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71373773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.atitle=Spatial+distribution+of+nitrogen+on+grazed+karst+landscapes.&rft.au=Boyer%2C+D+G%3BAlloush%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-11-27&rft.volume=1+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.issn=1537-744X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of a first-order riparian zone on nitrogen removal and export from an agricultural ecosystem. AN - 71364654; 12805819 AB - Riparian zones are reputed to be effective at preventing export of agricultural groundwater nitrogen (N) from local ecosystems. This is one impetus behind riparian zone regulations and initiatives. However, riparian zone function can vary under different conditions, with varying impacts on the regional (and ultimately global) environment. Rates of groundwater delivery to the surface appear to have significant effects on the N-removing capabilities of a riparian zone. Research conducted at a first-order agricultural watershed with a well-defined riparian zone in the Maryland coastal plain indicates that more than 2.5 kg/day of nitrate-N can be exported under moderate-to-high stream baseflow conditions. The total nitrate-N load that exits the system increases with increasing flow not simply because of the greater volume of water export. Stream water nitrate-N concentrations also increase by more than an order of magnitude as flow increases, at least during baseflow. This appears to be largely the result of changes in dominant groundwater delivery mechanisms. Higher rates of groundwater exfiltration lessen the contact time between nitrate-carrying groundwater and potentially reducing riparian soils. Subsurface preferential flow paths, in the wetland and adjacent field, also strongly influence N removal. Simple assumptions regarding riparian zone function may be inadequate because of complexities observed in response to changing hydrologic conditions. JF - TheScientificWorldJournal AU - Angier, J T AU - McCarty, G W AU - Gish, T J AU - Daughtry, C S AD - USDA-ARS Environmental Quality Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. angierj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11/21/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 21 SP - 642 EP - 651 VL - 1 Suppl 2 KW - Nitrates KW - 0 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Geologic Sediments -- chemistry KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Water Movements KW - Seasons KW - Nitrates -- metabolism KW - Maps as Topic KW - Maryland KW - Geography KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Water Supply -- statistics & numerical data KW - Ecosystem KW - Agriculture -- trends KW - Agriculture -- statistics & numerical data KW - Rivers -- chemistry KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71364654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.atitle=Impact+of+a+first-order+riparian+zone+on+nitrogen+removal+and+export+from+an+agricultural+ecosystem.&rft.au=Angier%2C+J+T%3BMcCarty%2C+G+W%3BGish%2C+T+J%3BDaughtry%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Angier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-21&rft.volume=1+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=642&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.issn=1537-744X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nutrient management programs, nitrogen fertilizer practices, and groundwater quality in Nebraska's Central Platte Valley (U.S.), 1989-1998. AN - 71355633; 12805826 AB - Given the societal concern about groundwater pollution from agricultural sources, public programs have been proposed or implemented to change farmer behavior with respect to nutrient use and management. However, few of these programs designed to change farmer behavior have been evaluated due to the lack of detailed data over an appropriate time frame. The Central Platte Natural Resources District (CPNRD) in Nebraska has identified an intensively cultivated, irrigated area with average groundwater nitrate-nitrogen (N) levels about double the EPA"s safe drinking water standard. The CPNRD implemented a joint education and regulatory N management program in the mid-1980s to reduce groundwater N. This analysis reports N use and management, yield, and groundwater nitrate trends in the CPNRD for nearly 3000 continuous-corn fields from 1989 to 1998, where producers faced limits on the timing of N fertilizer application but no limits on amounts. Groundwater nitrate levels showed modest improvement over the 10 years of this analysis, falling from the 1989-1993 average of 18.9 to 18.1 mg/l during 1994-1998. The availability of N in excess of crop needs was clearly documented by the CPNRD data and was related to optimistic yield goals, irrigation water use above expected levels, and lack of adherence to commercial fertilizer application guidelines. Over the 10-year period of this analysis, producers reported harvesting an annual average of 9729 kg/ha, 1569 kg/ha (14%) below the average yield goal. During 1989-1998, producers reported annually applying an average of 162.5 kg/ha of commercial N fertilizer, 15.7 kg/ha (10%) above the guideline level. Including the N contribution from irrigation water, the potential N contribution to the environment (total N available less estimated crop use) was estimated at 71.7 kg/ha. This is an estimate of the nitrates available for denitrification, volatilization, runoff, future soil N, and leaching to groundwater. On average, between 1989-1993 and 1994-1998, producers more closely followed CPNRD N fertilizer recommendations and increased their use of postemerge N applications--an indication of improved synchrony between N availability and crop uptake. JF - TheScientificWorldJournal AU - Daberkow, S AU - Taylor, H AU - Gollehon, N AU - Moravek, M AD - Resource Economics Division, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20036, USA. Daberkow@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11/21/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 21 SP - 750 EP - 757 VL - 1 Suppl 2 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Quality Control KW - Nebraska KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Zea mays -- growth & development KW - Agriculture -- trends KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Fertilizers -- analysis KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71355633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.atitle=Nutrient+management+programs%2C+nitrogen+fertilizer+practices%2C+and+groundwater+quality+in+Nebraska%27s+Central+Platte+Valley+%28U.S.%29%2C+1989-1998.&rft.au=Daberkow%2C+S%3BTaylor%2C+H%3BGollehon%2C+N%3BMoravek%2C+M&rft.aulast=Daberkow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-11-21&rft.volume=1+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.issn=1537-744X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural determinants of Ca2+ transport in the Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ antiporter CAX1. AN - 72273163; 11562366 AB - Ca(2+) levels in plants, fungi, and bacteria are controlled in part by H(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers; however, the relationship between primary sequence and biological activity of these transporters has not been reported. The Arabidopsis H(+)/cation exchangers, CAX1 and CAX2, were identified by their ability to suppress yeast mutants defective in vacuolar Ca(2+) transport. CAX1 has a much higher capacity for Ca(2+) transport than CAX2. An Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of CAX1, CAX3, is 77% identical (93% similar) and, when expressed in yeast, localized to the vacuole but did not suppress yeast mutants defective in vacuolar Ca(2+) transport. Chimeric constructs and site-directed mutagenesis showed that CAX3 could suppress yeast vacuolar Ca(2+) transport mutants if a nine-amino acid region of CAX1 was inserted into CAX3 (CAX3-9). Biochemical analysis in yeast showed CAX3-9 had 36% of the H(+)/Ca(2+) exchange activity as compared with CAX1; however, CAX3-9 and CAX1 appear to differ in their transport of other ions. Exchanging the nine-amino acid region of CAX1 into CAX2 doubled yeast vacuolar Ca(2+) transport but did not appear to alter the transport of other ions. This nine-amino acid region is highly variable among the plant CAX-like transporters. These findings suggest that this region is involved in CAX-mediated Ca(2+) specificity. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Shigaki, T AU - Cheng, N H AU - Pittman, J K AU - Hirschi, K AD - Baylor College of Medicine, Plant Physiology Group, United States Department of Agriculture/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Y1 - 2001/11/16/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 16 SP - 43152 EP - 43159 VL - 276 IS - 46 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Antiporters KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins KW - Cation Transport Proteins KW - Cations KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - calcium-hydrogen antiporters KW - Hydrogen KW - 7YNJ3PO35Z KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Biological Transport KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Protein Binding KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Amino Acids -- chemistry KW - Kinetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Vacuoles -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Signal Transduction KW - Protein Conformation KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- metabolism KW - Arabidopsis -- chemistry KW - Hydrogen -- metabolism KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Antiporters -- chemistry KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72273163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Structural+determinants+of+Ca2%2B+transport+in+the+Arabidopsis+H%2B%2FCa2%2B+antiporter+CAX1.&rft.au=Shigaki%2C+T%3BCheng%2C+N+H%3BPittman%2C+J+K%3BHirschi%2C+K&rft.aulast=Shigaki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-11-16&rft.volume=276&rft.issue=46&rft.spage=43152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-26 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small mammals in young forests: implications for management for sustainability AN - 18198037; 5210747 AB - Small mammals have been proposed as indicators of sustainability in forests in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere. Mammal community composition and species abundances purportedly result from interactions among species, forest-floor characteristics, large coarse woody debris, understory vegetation, and overstory composition. Coarse woody debris is thought to be particularly important because of its diverse ecological functions; covers from 10 to 15% have been recommended based on retrospective studies of forests and small mammals. Unfortunately, ecological correlations are not necessarily indicative of causal relationships and magnitudes depend on composition of finite, usually non-random, cross-sectional samples. Retrospective studies must be replicated to confirm relationships. We conducted a large-scale, cross-sectional survey of 30- to 70-year-old coniferous forests in western Washington to determine if previously reported relationships would hold with an unrelated, larger sample. Coarse woody debris cover was 8.3 plus or minus 0.6% ( x ¯ plus or minus S.E. , n=8 blocks of forest, range 4-13%). Understory cover was too low ( 18 plus or minus 8% for shrubs) to allow examining interactions between understory and coarse woody debris. Overstory composition covaried with coarse woody debris. One or two of four statistically extracted habitat factors (overstory composition, herbaceous cover, abundance of Acer circinatum, and abundance of Acer macrophyllum) accounted for 18-70% of variance in abundance of 11 mammal species. Our results support hypotheses that: (1) biocomplexity resulting from interactions of decadence, understory development, and overstory composition provides pre-interactive niche diversification with predictable, diverse, small-mammal communities; (2) these communities incorporate numerous species and multiple trophic pathways, and thus, their integrity measures resiliency and sustainability. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Carey, AB AU - Harrington, CA AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3625, 93rd Avenue, 98512 Olympia, WA USA Y1 - 2001/11/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 15 SP - 289 EP - 309 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 154 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Small mammals KW - Vine maple KW - Bigleaf maple KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Conifers KW - Sustainable yield KW - Forest management KW - USA, Washington KW - Wildlife management KW - Mammalia KW - Acer circinatum KW - Acer macrophyllum KW - Understory KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18198037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Small+mammals+in+young+forests%3A+implications+for+management+for+sustainability&rft.au=Carey%2C+AB%3BHarrington%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2001-11-15&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acer circinatum; Acer macrophyllum; Mammalia; USA, Washington; Sustainable yield; Wildlife management; Understory; Conifers; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breeding bird assemblages of hurricane-created gaps and adjacent closed canopy forest in the southern Appalachians AN - 18196140; 5210744 AB - We studied breeding bird assemblages in forest gaps created in 1995 by Hurricane Opal at the Bent Creek Experimental Forest in Asheville, NC. We hypothesized that forest gaps and adjacent closed-canopy forest would differ in bird density, richness, diversity, and relative abundances of some species. To test this hypothesis we censused breeding bird assemblages for 2 years in 12 gaps (0.1-1.2 ha) and 12 adjacent closed canopy controls using strip transects. Gaps had more coarse woody debris, shrub cover, brushpiles, and pit and mound microtopography than controls. Canopy cover was lower in gaps than controls, but remained high ( 69.4 plus or minus 2.1% versus 89.6 plus or minus 1.7% ). Bird assemblage similarity was high. Total density and species richness of birds were higher in gaps than in controls, but species diversity did not differ between treatments. Shrub (primarily Carolina Wrens) and bark-foragers, and cavity shrub and canopy-nesters were more abundant in gaps than in controls. Densities of gap-associated (Indigo Bunting, Hooded Warbler, Carolina Wren) and edge (Eastern Towhee) species were more abundant in gaps. Abundance of interior species including Red-eyed Vireo and Scarlet Tanager were about equal in gaps and controls. Only Ovenbirds were more abundant in controls than gaps. Species that require larger patches of young second-growth forest, such as Prairie Warbler, and Yellow-breasted Chat, did not occur in gaps; but neither are they abundant in the Asheville basin. No Brown-headed Cowbirds were observed in gaps or controls. Unpublished data indicate that parasitism of artificial ground nests did not occur, and predation rates did not differ between gaps and controls. Juvenile birds and other evidence of breeding were observed more often in gaps than in controls, suggesting that gaps attract bird families for foraging and provide microsites that attract breeding pairs. Gap size was positively correlated with bird density, species richness, and diversity. This study suggests that small openings and interior edge habitat created by treefall gaps within a forested matrix do not adversely affect breeding birds as measured by the abundance of individual species or community indices. We suggest that canopy gaps increase avian diversity at a landscape scale by providing habitat patches for some species that require young, second-growth forest, and serve as magnets for recruitment and foraging. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Greenberg, CH AU - Lanham, J D AD - USDA Forest Service, Bent Creek Experimental Forest, 1577 Brevard Road, 28806 Asheville, NC USA Y1 - 2001/11/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 15 SP - 251 EP - 260 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 154 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Birds KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Forest management KW - Gaps KW - Hurricanes KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Community composition KW - Breeding KW - Species diversity KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18196140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Breeding+bird+assemblages+of+hurricane-created+gaps+and+adjacent+closed+canopy+forest+in+the+southern+Appalachians&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+CH%3BLanham%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2001-11-15&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; USA, North Carolina; Hurricanes; Gaps; Breeding; Community composition; Species diversity; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiology and morphology of Pinus sylvestris seedlings from diverse sources under cyclic drought stress AN - 18191761; 5210734 AB - We examined seed source variation in drought tolerance characteristics of Pinus sylvestris seedlings from 12 diverse geographic origins representing a longitudinal transect across the species range. The seedlings were subjected to three dry-down cycles in raised water-use efficiency in a greenhouse experiment. We measured pre-dawn needle water potential ( psi sub(n)) and instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUE) (W) during the cyclic droughts. Seedling survival, growth, biomass allocation to roots, and carbon isotope ratio ( delta super(13)C) were measured at the end of the experiment. The seed sources varied ( P0.05 ). Carbon isotope ratio was correlated with precipitation at the seed origin ( r=-0.75 , P<0.05 ). The results of this study support the generalization that Scots pine seed sources from the interior portion of the species range grow slower but are more drought tolerant than European seed sources. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Cregg, B M AU - Zhang, J W AD - USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, National Agroforestry Center, East Campus-UNL, 68583 Lincoln, NE USA Y1 - 2001/11/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 15 SP - 131 EP - 139 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 154 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Scots pine KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Plant Physiology KW - Pine Trees KW - Drought KW - Plant Water Potential KW - Forest Management KW - Forest Hydrology KW - Ecophysiology KW - Growth KW - Pinus sylvestris KW - Seedlings KW - Droughts KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18191761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Physiology+and+morphology+of+Pinus+sylvestris+seedlings+from+diverse+sources+under+cyclic+drought+stress&rft.au=Cregg%2C+B+M%3BZhang%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Cregg&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-11-15&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Ecophysiology; Growth; Seedlings; Droughts; Forest Hydrology; Plant Physiology; Pine Trees; Plant Water Potential; Drought; Forest Management; Pinus sylvestris ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New approach to areal sampling in ecological surveys AN - 18117347; 5210726 AB - Underpinning the majority of ecological surveys is some form of areal sampling. The sample is determined by randomly placing a plot within the boundaries of a population of known area and collecting information about a number of attributes found within the boundary of the plot. A plot may have a fixed or variable size or may comprise a cluster of plots. The shape of these plots is usually circular or rectangular and the attributes measured on the plot can be either a sum of discrete objects (e.g. number of trees and the sum of their volume) or some measure of a continuous attribute (e.g. proportion of the plot covering forest, percent crown cover, and length of boundaries).A general approach for areal sampling is presented that can accommodate both discrete and continuous attributes. The approach demonstrates that the estimators associated with areal sampling are functions of the random variable that generates the locations of the plots. The advantage of this approach is that the statistical background required to understand these techniques is greatly reduced and the estimators can be derived from a single equation. A technique is presented that should help sampling practitioners design efficient and practical inventories without the use of formulae. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Williams AD - Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2150 A Center Drive, 80526 Fort Collins, CO USA Y1 - 2001/11/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 15 SP - 11 EP - 22 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 154 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18117347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=New+approach+to+areal+sampling+in+ecological+surveys&rft.au=Williams&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-11-15&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Surveys; Statistical analysis; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contribution of flagella and invasion proteins to pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in chicks AN - 18199919; 5273892 AB - To explore the relative contribution that flagella and Salmonella invasion proteins make to the virulence of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry, 20-day-old chicks were challenged orally and by subcutaneous injection with wild-type strain SE-HCD, two non-flagellated mutants (fliC::Tn10 mutant and flhD::Tn10 mutant) and two Salmonella invasion protein insertion mutants (sipD and iacP). When injected subcutaneously, wild-type SE-HCD was the only strain to cause substantial mortality and morbidity and to grow well in organs. The flhD mutant of SE-HCD was invasive when given orally, whereas wild-type SE-HCD and the fliC mutant were significantly attenuated. Salmonella invasion protein mutants were not invasive by either route. These results suggest that temporary suppression of Class I regulators of flagellin biosynthesis may aid oral infection in poultry. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Parker, C T AU - Guard-Petter, J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, ARS-SEPRL, 934 College Station Road, 30605 Athens, GA USA Y1 - 2001/11/13/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 13 SP - 287 EP - 291 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 204 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - fliC gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Flagellin KW - Flagella KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18199919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+flagella+and+invasion+proteins+to+pathogenesis+of+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+enteritidis+in+chicks&rft.au=Parker%2C+C+T%3BGuard-Petter%2C+J&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-11-13&rft.volume=204&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enterica; Flagellin; Flagella; Virulence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impairments, disabilities and handicap pattern in konzo--a non-progressive spastic para/tetraparesis of acute onset. AN - 85359886; pmid-11732562 AB - To assess impairments, disabilities and handicap pattern in konzo.The study included 17 konzo subjects, of which three were males and 14 females (mean age 21, median 18 years). A detailed neurological examination was performed on all subjects. Subsequently, an assessment of impairments, disabilities and handicap was done with a constructed rating scale partially based on the ICIDH-2 framework.The overall disablement picture in all subjects consisted of motor dysfunction in lower limbs leading to limitations in walking and movement activities, and restrictions in mobility. Hip mobility was severely impaired in most cases (15/17). Although konzo subjects showed normal muscle power in upper limbs (13/17), they had impaired fine motor function (10/17).Further studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of the WHO criteria for konzo in defining its forms. The applicability of the ICIDH-2 framework in this study demonstrates the possibility of its use as a common language among researchers in the field of motor disorders. However, a revision is suggested of its taxonomy, and a definition of operational criteria to clarify the content of different qualifiers provided to assess the level of functioning or disability. JF - Disability and rehabilitation AU - Tshala-Katumbay, D AU - Eeg-Olofsson, K E AU - Tylleskär, T AU - Kazadi-Kayembe, T AD - Centre Neuropsychopathologique de Kinshasa (CNPP), Universitè de Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. desire_tshala@yahoo.com Y1 - 2001/11/10/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 10 SP - 731 EP - 736 VL - 23 IS - 16 SN - 0963-8288, 0963-8288 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Adolescent KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Congo KW - *Disability Evaluation KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Male KW - *Manihot: adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - Motor Neuron Disease: etiology KW - *Motor Neuron Disease: physiopathology KW - Muscle Spasticity: physiopathology KW - Paraplegia: etiology KW - *Paraplegia: physiopathology KW - Quadriplegia: etiology KW - *Quadriplegia: physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85359886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Disability+and+rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Impairments%2C+disabilities+and+handicap+pattern+in+konzo--a+non-progressive+spastic+para%2Ftetraparesis+of+acute+onset.&rft.au=Tshala-Katumbay%2C+D%3BEeg-Olofsson%2C+K+E%3BTyllesk%C3%A4r%2C+T%3BKazadi-Kayembe%2C+T&rft.aulast=Tshala-Katumbay&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-11-10&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Disability+and+rehabilitation&rft.issn=09638288&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microclimate of a natural pasture under planted Robinia pseudoacacia in central Appalachia, West Virginia AN - 899129697; 13662775 AB - The conditions under which forages yield more under tree canopies than in open fields are not well understood. This study was conducted to determine how microclimate experienced by forages in central Appalachia is modified by black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) tree canopies. The effect of tree row location relative to forage growing point was evaluated for its impact on soil water, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), red/far-red ratio, and surface soil temperature. There was no consistent spatial dependency relating tree rows to soil water levels. While daily PAR decreased as the time under shade increased, the level of PAR under tree canopies nearly doubled as cloud cover increased from 0 to 25%. The red/far-red ratio decreased from 1.16 to 0.2 over forage growing between tree rows compared to forage within tree rows. Surface soil temperature remained nearly constant (1.5-2 C increase) during sunny days under tree canopies but increased 8-12 C by mid afternoon at unshaded sites depending on soil water levels. Forages under black locust trees experienced less extreme variation in both daily PAR and temperature than unshaded forages, thus reducing the metabolic cost of adaptation to extreme conditions. JF - Agroforestry Systems AU - Feldhake, C M AD - USDA-ARS Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, West Virginia, 25813, USA, cfeldhake@afsrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 297 EP - 303 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 53 IS - 3 SN - 0167-4366, 0167-4366 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Pasture KW - Soil KW - Trees KW - agroforestry KW - canopies KW - forage KW - microclimate KW - soil temperature KW - water levels KW - USA, West Virginia KW - Robinia pseudoacacia KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899129697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.atitle=Microclimate+of+a+natural+pasture+under+planted+Robinia+pseudoacacia+in+central+Appalachia%2C+West+Virginia&rft.au=Feldhake%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Feldhake&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.issn=01674366&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1013331628494 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - soil temperature; Soil; water levels; Trees; forage; microclimate; Pasture; agroforestry; canopies; Robinia pseudoacacia; USA, West Virginia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013331628494 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing site vulnerability to phosphorus loss in an agricultural watershed. AN - 72399944; 11790010 AB - A P index was developed as a tool to rank agricultural fields on the basis of P loss vulnerability, helping to target remedial P management options within watersheds. We evaluated two approaches, a soil P threshold and components of a P index, by comparing site vulnerability estimates derived from these two approaches with measured runoff P losses in an agricultural watershed in Pennsylvania. Rainfall-surface runoff simulations (70 mm h(-1) for 30 min) were conducted on 57 sites representing the full range of soil P concentrations and management conditions found in the watershed. Each site was comprised of two, abutting 2-m2 runoff plots, serving as duplicate observations. For sites that had not received P additions for at least six months prior to the study, Mehlich-3 P concentration was strongly associated with dissolved P concentrations (r2 = 0.86) and losses (r2 = 0.83) in surface runoff, as well as with total P concentration (r2 = 0.80) and loss (r2 = 0.74). However, Mehlich-3 P alone was poorly correlated with runoff P from sites receiving manure within three weeks prior to rainfall. The P index effectively described 88 and 83% of the variability in dissolved P concentrations and losses from all sites in the watershed, and P index ratings exhibited strong associations with total P concentrations (r2 = 0.81) and losses (r2 = 0.79). When site-specific observations were extrapolated to all fields in the watershed, management recommendations derived from a P index approach were less restrictive than those derived from the soil P threshold approach, better reflecting the low P loads exported from the watershed. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Sharpley, A N AU - McDowell, R W AU - Weld, J L AU - Kleinman, P J AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA. ans3@psu.edu PY - 2001 SP - 2026 EP - 2036 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Agriculture KW - Water Movements KW - Forecasting KW - Rain KW - Risk Assessment KW - Eutrophication KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72399944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Assessing+site+vulnerability+to+phosphorus+loss+in+an+agricultural+watershed.&rft.au=Sharpley%2C+A+N%3BMcDowell%2C+R+W%3BWeld%2C+J+L%3BKleinman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Sharpley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2026&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Amelioration of nickel phytotoxicity in muck and mineral soils. AN - 72396443; 11790001 AB - In situ remediation (phytostabilization) is a cost-effective solution for restoring the productivity of metal-contaminated soils and protection of food chains. A pot experiment with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), and redbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) was conducted to test the ability of limestone and hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) to ameliorate Ni phytotoxicity in two soils contaminated by particulate emissions from a nickel refinery. Quarry muck (Terric Haplohemist; 72% organic matter) contained 2210 mg kg(-1) of total Ni. The mineral soil, Welland silt loam (Typic Epiaquoll), was more contaminated (2930 mg Ni kg(-1)). Both soils were very strongly acidic, allowing the soil Ni to be soluble and phytotoxic. Nickel phytotoxicity of the untreated muck soil was not very pronounced and could be easily confused with symptoms of Mn deficiency that occurred in this soil even with Mn fertilization. Severe nickel phytotoxicity of the untreated mineral soil prevented any growth of redbeet, the most sensitive crop; even wheat, a relatively Ni-resistant species, was severely damaged. White banding indicative of Ni phytotoxicity was present on oat and wheat leaves grown on the acidic mineral soil. Soil Ni extracted with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and 0.01 M Sr(NO3)2 was indicative of the ameliorative effect of amendments and correlated well with Ni concentrations in plant shoots. Making soils calcareous was an effective treatment to reduce plant-available Ni and remediate Ni phytotoxicity of these soils to all crops tested. The ameliorative effect of HFO was crop-specific and much less pronounced. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Kukier, U AU - Chaney, R L AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Animal Manure and By-Products Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. kukieru@ba.ars.usda.gov PY - 2001 SP - 1949 EP - 1960 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Ferric Compounds KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - ferric oxide KW - 1K09F3G675 KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Calcium Carbonate KW - H0G9379FGK KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Calcium Carbonate -- chemistry KW - Ferric Compounds -- chemistry KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Biological Availability KW - Soil Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Beta vulgaris -- growth & development KW - Avena -- growth & development KW - Nickel -- toxicity KW - Triticum -- growth & development KW - Nickel -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72396443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Amelioration+of+nickel+phytotoxicity+in+muck+and+mineral+soils.&rft.au=Kukier%2C+U%3BChaney%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Kukier&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1949&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing farming systems for nitrate control: a research review from management systems evaluation areas. AN - 72395601; 11789991 AB - The U.S. Department of Agriculture funded the Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) research project in 1990 to evaluate effectiveness of present farming systems in controlling nitrate N in water resources and to develop improved technologies for farming systems. This paper summarizes published research results of a five-year effort. Most research is focused on evaluating the effectiveness of farming system components (fertilizer, tillage, water control, cropping systems, and soil and weather variability). The research results show that current soil nitrate tests reliably predict fertilizer N needed to control environmental and economic risks for crop production. A corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation usually controls risk better than continuous corn, but both may result in unacceptable nitrate leaching. Reduced tillage, especially ridge-till, is better than clean tillage in reducing risk. Tile drainage controls nitrate in ground water, but discharge may increase nitrate in surface waters. Sprinkler irrigation systems provide better water control than furrow irrigation because quantity and spatial variability of applied water is reduced. Present farming systems have two major deficiencies: (i) entire fields are managed uniformly, ignoring inherent soil variability within a field; and (ii) N fertilizer rates and many field practices are selected assuming normal weather for the coming season. Both deficiencies can contribute to nitrate leaching in parts of most fields. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Power, J F AU - Wiese, R AU - Flowerday, D AD - USDA-ARS, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 1866 EP - 1880 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Nitrates KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Zea mays KW - Water Movements KW - Seasons KW - Soybeans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Conservation of Natural Resources KW - Agriculture KW - Eutrophication KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Nitrates -- analysis KW - Nitrates -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72395601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Managing+farming+systems+for+nitrate+control%3A+a+research+review+from+management+systems+evaluation+areas.&rft.au=Power%2C+J+F%3BWiese%2C+R%3BFlowerday%2C+D&rft.aulast=Power&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compost age and sample storage effects on maturity indicators of biosolids compost. AN - 72394307; 11790025 AB - Compost product safety and quality assurance are required to meet the needs of the horticultural, agricultural, and silvicultural user markets. At present, there exist no industry-wide sampling and testing protocols for compost products, thus limiting the production sector. The objective of this research was to test three methods for determining compost maturity. The study followed the composting process of a locally successful commercial composting operation that had been producing lime-stabilized biosolids compost in the Washington, DC metro region for 12 yr. Change over time in the dependent variables--Dewar flask self-heating capacity, oxygen uptake rate, and cation exchange capacity (CEC)-during a 57-d composting of lime-stabilized biosolids was studied. Because cold storage at 4 degrees C is recommended when compost samples cannot be tested for maturity immediately, cold storage of up to 11 wk was included as a variable. Mathematical models were developed that predict change in the Dewar flask self-heating capacity, oxygen uptake rate, and CEC with composting time and storage at 4 degrees C. The Dewar flask self-heating test was the most useful indicator of compost maturity. This test showed change throughout the 57-d biosolids composting period while oxygen respirometry did not change after 29 d. The CEC was found to increase with age and storage. Storage effects varied for the different tests. Except for Days 1 and 57, composts continued to stabilize during storage. Testing stored composts may produce erroneous results that suggest the compost is mature. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Butler, T A AU - Sikora, L J AU - Steinhilber, P M AU - Douglass, L W AD - USDA-ARS-SASL, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 2141 EP - 2148 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Calcium Compounds KW - 0 KW - Oxides KW - Soil KW - lime KW - C7X2M0VVNH KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- physiology KW - Temperature KW - Specimen Handling KW - Oxygen -- analysis KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Time Factors KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Conservation of Natural Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72394307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Compost+age+and+sample+storage+effects+on+maturity+indicators+of+biosolids+compost.&rft.au=Butler%2C+T+A%3BSikora%2C+L+J%3BSteinhilber%2C+P+M%3BDouglass%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using a GIS model to assess terrestrial salamander response to alternative forest management plans. AN - 72383645; 11775500 AB - A GIS model predicting the spatial distribution of terrestrial salamander abundance based on topography and forest age was developed using parameters derived from the literature. The model was tested by sampling salamander abundance across the full range of site conditions used in the model. A regression of the predictions of our GIS model against these sample data showed that the model has a modest but significant ability to predict both salamander abundance and mass per unit area. The model was used to assess the impacts of alternative management plans for the Hoosier National Forest (Indiana, USA) on salamanders. These plans differed in the spatial delineation of management areas where timber harvest was permitted, and the intensity of timber harvest within those management areas. The spatial pattern of forest openings produced by alternative forest management scenarios based on these plans was projected over 150 years using a timber-harvest simulator (HARVEST). We generated a predictive map of salamander abundance for each scenario over time, and summarized each map by calculating mean salamander abundance and the mean colonization distance (average distance from map cells with low predicted abundance to those with relatively high abundance). Projected salamander abundance was affected more by harvest rate (area harvested each decade) than by the management area boundaries. The alternatives had a varying effect on the mean distance salamanders would have to travel to colonize regenerating stands. Our GIS modeling approach is an example of a spatial analytical tool that could help resource management planners to evaluate the potential ecological impact of management alternatives. JF - Journal of environmental management AU - Gustafson, E J AU - Murphy, N L AU - Crow, T R AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA. egustafson@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 281 EP - 292 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Environment KW - Animals KW - Population Dynamics KW - Forecasting KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Information Systems KW - Urodela KW - Trees KW - Geography KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Conservation of Natural Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72383645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+management&rft.atitle=Using+a+GIS+model+to+assess+terrestrial+salamander+response+to+alternative+forest+management+plans.&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+E+J%3BMurphy%2C+N+L%3BCrow%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stereochemical effects in an insect repellent. AN - 72330418; 11761378 AB - Racemic 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine repels blood-feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes, chiggers, and ticks. The compound contains two asymmetric carbon atoms and the racemate consists of four stereoisomers. Quantitative mosquito bioassays using Aedes aegypti (L.) showed that (1S,2'S) and (1R,2'S) configurations were 2.8-3.1 and 1.6-1.8 times more effective, respectively, than the other two stereoisomers in reducing mosquito bites. (1S,2'S) was 2.5 more repellent than the racemate. Biological data show that an interaction of the (2'S)-2-methylpiperidine configuration with a repellent receptor system in A. aegypti is apparently important to repellent activity. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and molecular mechanics calculations for the stereoisomers provided insight into the conformation of the (2'S)-group. Results indicate that enhanced repellent effects can be realized through formulation of the most active stereoisomers of the compound. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Klun, J A AU - Schmidt, W F AU - Debboun, M AD - USDA-ARS-PSI, Chemical Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. jklun@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 809 EP - 812 VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - Piperidines KW - 1-(3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine KW - 69462-43-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - Aedes -- drug effects KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- methods KW - Humans KW - Biological Assay KW - Molecular Conformation KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Piperidines -- pharmacology KW - Piperidines -- chemistry KW - Insect Repellents -- chemistry KW - Insect Repellents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72330418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Stereochemical+effects+in+an+insect+repellent.&rft.au=Klun%2C+J+A%3BSchmidt%2C+W+F%3BDebboun%2C+M&rft.aulast=Klun&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-22 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unheated water in the first tank of a three-tank broiler scalder. AN - 72325725; 11732682 AB - Scalding with unheated water in the first tank of a simulated three-tank scalder was tested to determine whether carcass bacteria, efficiency of feather removal, and cooked breast meat tenderness are affected as compared with carcasses scalded at the same temperature (57 C) in all tanks. This experiment was performed on 3 d using 6-wk-old broilers. On each day, eight birds per treatment were processed. During the first 40-s scalding period, one carcass was placed in approximately 24 C water. The other carcass was placed simultaneously in a scalder unit containing approximately 2,050 L of water at 57 C. Carcasses were then held out of the water for 15 s, after which both were placed for 40 s in opposite ends of the scalder containing water at 57 C. After the second scalding period, both carcasses were again removed from the water for 15 s, followed by another 40 s in the 57 C water. Total scald time was 2 min for each treatment. After picking, carcasses were rinsed with 200 mL of sterile 0.1% peptone water for 1 min. Aerobic bacteria and Escherichia coli were enumerated and incidence of salmonella was determined by standard methods. After rinsing, carcasses were eviscerated by hand and chilled for 30 min in ice slush. All carcasses were scored for the presence of feathers, and the appearance and condition of the skin were noted. Four hours postmortem, breast fillets were removed from carcasses and chilled overnight at 2 C. The next morning, breast fillets were cooked to an internal endpoint temperature of 75 to 80 C. Warner-Bratzler shear values were measured to determine tenderness. No differences were found in numbers of aerobic bacteria and E. coli, incidence of salmonellae, tenderness of cooked breast meat, or number of feathers left on carcasses. JF - Poultry science AU - Cason, J A AU - Buhr, R J AU - Hinton, A AD - Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Russell Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA 30604-5677, USA. jcason@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 1643 EP - 1646 VL - 80 IS - 11 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Feathers KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Temperature KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Hot Temperature KW - Chickens KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72325725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Unheated+water+in+the+first+tank+of+a+three-tank+broiler+scalder.&rft.au=Cason%2C+J+A%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BHinton%2C+A&rft.aulast=Cason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1643&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-12 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chicken major histocompatibility complex class I definition using antisera induced by cloned class I sequences. AN - 72325680; 11732671 AB - Alloantisera directed against chicken class I MHC (BFIV) antigens were produced by using transfected cell lines expressing cloned BFIV sequences. The cloned BFIV sequences were from haplotypes *12, *13, and *21. Two laboratory-derived class I mutant sequences (BFIV13m126 and BFIV21m78) were developed to analyze cross-reactive epitopes and to induce specific alloantisera. Antisera were tested in hemagglutination and flow cytometry assays. The antisera produced were highly specific and had minimal cross-reactivity. The antisera induced by the BF1V21m78 mutant confirmed the significance of amino acids 78 and 81 in cross-reactivity between haplotypes B*21 and B*5. The highly specific antisera were tested by hemagglutination on red blood cells of 31 different MHC haplotypes. The consistency of hemagglutination patterns and minimal cross-reactivity demonstrated that these BFIV antisera are extremely valuable in defining MHC haplotype in various chicken lines. Because of the extreme low level of recombination between the chicken class I and class II loci, identification of BFIV allele can be used to define MHC haplotype within a line. Complete identity between the transfected cell line and the chicken used to produce the antiserum is required to ensure the monospecificity. JF - Poultry science AU - Fulton, J E AU - Hunt, H D AU - Bacon, L D AD - USDA/ARS, Avian Disease and Oncology Lab, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, USA. Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 1554 EP - 1561 VL - 80 IS - 11 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Epitopes KW - 0 KW - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I KW - Immune Sera KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Epitopes -- genetics KW - Peptide Fragments -- genetics KW - Peptide Fragments -- immunology KW - Hemagglutination KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis KW - Antibody Specificity KW - Alleles KW - Haplotypes KW - Transfection KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Epitopes -- immunology KW - Cell Line KW - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I -- immunology KW - Immune Sera -- immunology KW - Chickens -- immunology KW - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I -- genetics KW - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72325680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Chicken+major+histocompatibility+complex+class+I+definition+using+antisera+induced+by+cloned+class+I+sequences.&rft.au=Fulton%2C+J+E%3BHunt%2C+H+D%3BBacon%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Fulton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1554&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-12 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources and movement of Salmonella through integrated poultry operations: a multistate epidemiological investigation. AN - 72309529; 11726145 AB - The prevalence of Salmonella from numerous sources in 32 integrated broiler operations of high- and low-performing broiler houses was characterized from four states across four seasons. Previous studies of Salmonella in broilers have been limited in scope, offering only a snapshot of pathogen prevalence as seen on a small number of individual farms. Twenty-six different sample types were collected from the hatchery to the end of processing, and Salmonella was found in all sample types. A total of 10,740 samples were analyzed for Salmonella, and 973 (9.1%) of these samples, including 49 of 798 (6.1%) carcass rinse samples, were Salmonella positive. Hatchery transport pads (389 of 765, 50.8%), flies (28 of 150, 18.7%), drag swabs (57 of 402, 14.2%), and boot swabs (20 of 167, 12%) were samples from which Salmonella was most frequently isolated. Thirty-six different serotypes were identified, and the most frequently encountered serotypes were Salmonella Senftenberg, Salmonella Thompson, and Salmonella Montevideo. Determining critical contaminating sources and following the movement of Salmonella through integrated poultry operations will help researchers and the industry develop practical intervention strategies. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Bailey, J S AU - Stern, N J AU - Fedorka-Cray, P AU - Craven, S E AU - Cox, N A AU - Cosby, D E AU - Ladely, S AU - Musgrove, M T AD - Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. jsbailey@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 1690 EP - 1697 VL - 64 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Seasons KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination KW - Serotyping KW - Prevalence KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- classification KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72309529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Sources+and+movement+of+Salmonella+through+integrated+poultry+operations%3A+a+multistate+epidemiological+investigation.&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P%3BCraven%2C+S+E%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BCosby%2C+D+E%3BLadely%2C+S%3BMusgrove%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1690&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The origins of maize genetics. AN - 72296358; 11715045 AB - Early geneticists, and generations since, have been drawn to maize to study basic questions, its curious phenomena and its practical applications. Part of the allure of this unique crop plant lies in the collegiality of the Maize Genetics Cooperation, extending all the way from the 'roaring twenties' of genetics to today. JF - Nature reviews. Genetics AU - Coe, E H AD - US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agriculture Research Service at the Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri at Columbia, 202 Curtis Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7020, USA. CoeE@missouri.edu Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 898 EP - 905 VL - 2 IS - 11 SN - 1471-0056, 1471-0056 KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - History, 20th Century KW - Reproduction -- genetics KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - History, 19th Century KW - Genes, Plant KW - DNA Transposable Elements -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Genetics -- trends KW - Genetics -- history KW - Zea mays -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72296358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+reviews.+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+origins+of+maize+genetics.&rft.au=Coe%2C+E+H&rft.aulast=Coe&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=898&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+reviews.+Genetics&rft.issn=14710056&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitory effects of naturally occurring compounds on aflatoxin B(1) biotransformation. AN - 72286795; 11714299 AB - Effects of naturally occurring compounds from plants on biotransformation of a mycotoxin, aflatoxin B(1), were evaluated. Among 77 naturally occurring compounds tested, anthraquinones, coumarins, and flavone-type flavonoids were shown to be potent inhibitors of aflatoxin B(1)-8,9-epoxide formation. Addition of the flavonoids galangin, rhamnetin, and flavone strongly inhibited mouse liver microsomal conversion of aflatoxin B(1) to aflatoxin B(1)-8,9-epoxide, a metabolically activated mutagenic product. In contrast to these results, addition of isoflavonoids, catechins, terpenes, alkaloids, and quinones to mouse liver microsomes did not inhibit formation of aflatoxin B(1)-8,9-epoxide. Formation of the aflatoxin B(1) reductase product, aflatoxicol, by chicken liver cytosols was strongly inhibited by curcumin, the diferuloylmethane present in turmeric and other Curcuma species. Curcumin analogues also showed inhibitory effects, and a structure-activity study established that beta-diketone groups linked with two benzyl moieties were essential for inhibition of aflatoxicol formation. An additional 37 naturally occurring compounds tested did not inhibit formation of aflatoxicol. These results demonstrate that dietary constituents in certain fruits, vegetables, and spices may have significant inhibitory effects on metabolic transformation of aflatoxins to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic derivatives or, alternatively, may promote their transformation into nontoxic products. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Lee, S E AU - Campbell, B C AU - Molyneux, R J AU - Hasegawa, S AU - Lee, H S AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA. Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 5171 EP - 5177 VL - 49 IS - 11 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Flavonoids KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Biotransformation KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- pharmacology KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- chemistry KW - Flavonoids -- pharmacology KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72286795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Inhibitory+effects+of+naturally+occurring+compounds+on+aflatoxin+B%281%29+biotransformation.&rft.au=Lee%2C+S+E%3BCampbell%2C+B+C%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BHasegawa%2C+S%3BLee%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Arabidopsis gene tardy asynchronous meiosis is required for the normal pace and synchrony of cell division during male meiosis. AN - 72272515; 11706195 AB - Male meiosis in higher organisms features synchronous cell divisions in a large number of cells. It is not clear how this synchrony is achieved, nor is it known whether the synchrony is linked to the regulation of cell cycle progression. Here, we describe an Arabidopsis mutant, named tardy asynchronous meiosis (tam), that exhibits a phenotype of delayed and asynchronous cell divisions during male meiosis. In Arabidopsis, two nuclear divisions occur before simultaneous cytokinesis yields a tetrad of haploid cells. In tam, cell divisions are delayed, resulting in the formation of abnormal intermediates, most frequently dyad meiotic products, or in rare cases, dyad pollen (two gametophytes within one exine wall). Temperature-shift experiments showed that the percentage of the abnormal intermediates increased at 27 degrees C. Analysis of tam and the tam/quartet1 double mutant showed that most of these abnormal intermediates could continue through the normal rounds of cell divisions and form functional pollen, though at a slower than normal pace. The asynchrony of cell division started at the G2/M transition, with cells entering metaphase at different time points, during both meiosis I and II. In addition, chromosome condensation defects and mis-segregation were sometimes observed in tam. These observations suggest that the TAM protein positively regulates cell cycle progression, perhaps by promoting the G2/M transition. We speculate that there is a signal, perhaps TAM, that couples the normal pace of cell cycle progression with the synchrony of cell division during male meiosis. JF - Plant physiology AU - Magnard, J L AU - Yang, M AU - Chen, Y C AU - Leary, M AU - McCormick, S AD - Plant Gene Expression Center, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, University of California, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA. Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 1157 EP - 1166 VL - 127 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - Cytochalasin D KW - 22144-77-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Pollen -- genetics KW - Phenotype KW - Hot Temperature KW - Sex Factors KW - Reproduction KW - Cytochalasin D -- pharmacology KW - Pollen -- growth & development KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Signal Transduction KW - Mutagenesis KW - Cell Division KW - Arabidopsis -- genetics KW - Meiosis -- drug effects KW - Meiosis -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72272515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=The+Arabidopsis+gene+tardy+asynchronous+meiosis+is+required+for+the+normal+pace+and+synchrony+of+cell+division+during+male+meiosis.&rft.au=Magnard%2C+J+L%3BYang%2C+M%3BChen%2C+Y+C%3BLeary%2C+M%3BMcCormick%2C+S&rft.aulast=Magnard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Clin Exp Metastasis. 1999;17(10):865-71 [11089885] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Sep 28;96(20):11416-21 [10500191] Nature. 2000 Dec 14;408(6814):796-815 [11130711] Cell Res. 2000 Dec;10(4):289-302 [11191351] Plant Cell. 2001 Mar;13(3):495-509 [11251092] Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Jan;2(1):21-32 [11413462] Stain Technol. 1969 May;44(3):117-22 [4181665] Plant Cell. 1999 Dec;11(12):2349-63 [10590163] Curr Opin Plant Biol. 1999 Dec;2(6):447-53 [10607656] Development. 2000 Jan;127(1):197-207 [10654613] Trends Cell Biol. 2000 Jun;10(6):245-50 [10802540] Dev Biol. 2000 Aug 15;224(2):388-400 [10926775] Cell Growth Differ. 2000 Jul;11(7):409-16 [10939594] Plant Physiol. 2000 Sep;124(1):135-51 [10982429] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Oct 14;277(1):107-11 [11027648] FASEB J. 2000 Nov;14(14):2147-57 [11053235] Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2000 Dec;12(6):666-75 [11063930] Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2000 Dec;12(6):697-704 [11063934] Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Aug;43(5-6):583-93 [11089862] Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Aug;43(5-6):595-605 [11089863] Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Aug;43(5-6):607-20 [11089864] J Biol Chem. 1980 Feb 10;255(3):835-8 [7356663] Nature. 1988 Dec 1;336(6198):430 [3057384] Plant J. 1993 Aug;4(2):403-10 [8106085] Genomics. 1994 Jan 1;19(1):137-44 [8188214] Science. 1994 Jun 3;264(5164):1458-60 [8197459] Cell. 1996 Jul 26;86(2):263-74 [8706131] Cell. 1996 Jul 26;86(2):275-85 [8706132] Chromosome Res. 1996 Nov;4(7):507-16 [8939362] Plant J. 1997 Apr;11(4):659-69 [9161029] J Cell Biol. 1997 Nov 17;139(4):831-40 [9362502] EMBO J. 1998 May 15;17(10):2728-35 [9582266] Eur J Cell Biol. 1998 Sep;77(1):10-8 [9808284] Development. 1999 Feb;126(5):1065-75 [9927606] Mol Cell Biol. 1999 May;19(5):3312-27 [10207056] Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1999 Apr;11(2):267-73 [10209160] J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 11;274(24):16861-70 [10358031] Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Aug;19(8):5512-22 [10409741] Genes Dev. 1999 Aug 15;13(16):2177-89 [10465793] Plant Cell. 1999 Sep;11(9):1623-34 [10488231] Dev Biol. 1999 Oct 1;214(1):1-8 [10491252] Curr Opin Microbiol. 2000 Dec;3(6):631-6 [11121785] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The isolation and identification of steroidal sapogenins in switchgrass. AN - 72255913; 11695816 AB - Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been reported to be hepatotoxic, causing photosensitization in lambs and horses. In this study we show the presence of steroidal saponins in two samples of switchgrass that has been implicated in the poisonings of sheep and horses. After hydrolysis of the saponins, diosgenin was determined to be the major sapogenin in both switchgrass samples. We also confirmed the presence of diosgenin in kleingrass after hydrolysis of saponins extracted from it. JF - Journal of natural toxins AU - Lee, S T AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - Gardner, D R AU - Vogel, K P AD - Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. stlee@cc.usu.edu Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 273 EP - 281 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1058-8108, 1058-8108 KW - Sapogenins KW - 0 KW - Saponins KW - Index Medicus KW - Flow Injection Analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Hydrolysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Sapogenins -- isolation & purification KW - Panicum -- chemistry KW - Saponins -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72255913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.atitle=The+isolation+and+identification+of+steroidal+sapogenins+in+switchgrass.&rft.au=Lee%2C+S+T%3BStegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BVogel%2C+K+P&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+toxins&rft.issn=10588108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil phosphorus fractions in solution: influence of fertiliser and manure, filtration and method of determination. AN - 72251854; 11695592 AB - This study investigated the forms of soil P released to solution, accuracy of their determination, and influence of colloids on P sorption/desorption dynamics. A Hagerstown silt loam, amended with dairy and poultry manure or superphosphate at five rates (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 kg P ha(-1)), was extracted at two soil:solution ratios (1:5 and 1:100) and filtered at three pore sizes (0.8, 0.45, and 0.22 microm). Results showed that relative to the proportion of dissolved organic P (DOP, determined as the difference between total dissolved P [TDP] and P detected by ion chromatography), DRP increased with amendment rate. Relative to Mehlich-3 extractable P, DRP exhibited a power relationship with a much greater potential for soil P release at concentrations in excess of ca. 50 mg Mehlich-3 P kg(-1). Concentrations of DRP, determined by the acid molybdate method, were on average 12.5% greater than P detected by ion chromatography indicating P was solubilised during colorimetric determination. A linear relationship was found between total Al and DRP, which could indicate acid mediated hydrolysis of A1-humic-P substances, although acid mediated desorption of P from colloids cannot be discounted. No difference in solubilised P was found between solutions filtered at 0.22 and 0.45 microm, but was found between 0.8 microm and smaller filter sizes. Organic P extracted from manured soils was more recalcitrant than that extracted from soils amended with superphosphate, the later attributed to its accumulation in more labile pools. The sorption/desorption of P by colloids in solution were greatly affected by the rate of amendment and the soil:solution extraction ratio. More P was sorbed by superphosphate solutions compared to dairy manure amended soil solutions and was attributed to the saturation of colloidal P sorption sites by organic matter. In order to minimise the effects of colloids on P dynamics and the potential for hydrolysis in solution, filtration to at least 0.45 microm is required. However, soils with a lesser aggregate stability may require additional filtration. JF - Chemosphere AU - McDowell, R W AU - Sharpley, A N AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Unit, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA. Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 737 EP - 748 VL - 45 IS - 6-7 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Manure KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Filtration KW - Solubility KW - Adsorption KW - Absorption KW - Hydrolysis KW - Phosphorus -- chemistry KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72251854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Soil+phosphorus+fractions+in+solution%3A+influence+of+fertiliser+and+manure%2C+filtration+and+method+of+determination.&rft.au=McDowell%2C+R+W%3BSharpley%2C+A+N&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=737&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunology of inflammatory diseases of the bowel. AN - 72245152; 11692506 AB - During the past century, research on animal diseases has focused on the characterization of specific etiologies and disease control strategies. Many diseases affecting domestic animals have been successfully controlled using various methods, including vaccination, management, vector control, or antimicrobial agents. A number of microorganisms have proven resistant to these efforts. Control of these organisms requires the development of new strategies. As practitioners and researchers, we need to consider approaches that encompass the entire realm of disease expression from molecular to immune responses and interactions with other functional systems (e.g., endocrine, neurologic, and vascular systems). We need a basic understanding of effective immune responses enabling the tailoring of vaccines to produce the desired response. This tailoring of host responses is augmented by the use of vaccines that use host growth factors, cytokines, or costimulatory molecules to bias the ensuing response. Intestinal microbial flora of food-producing animals can be managed to optimize health and minimize colonization by pathogenic organisms, especially zoonotic agents. New systems for the delivery of cytokines and other factors that favor optimal intestinal health and homeostasis need to be researched and evaluated. With time, it is likely that our clients and the consumers will be less tolerant of antibiotic usage. They will be more aware of the zoonotic potential of many microbes that colonize food animals. Food safety issues will be a continuing concern, as will the protection of our water supply from contamination from feedlots and pasture runoff. We are in the dawn of a new century, and, it is hoped, a new era of discovery of enteric disease pathogenesis and control. JF - The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice AU - Waters, W R AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Unit, Ames, Iowa, USA. rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 517 EP - 534 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0749-0720, 0749-0720 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Acute-Phase Reaction -- immunology KW - Vaccination -- veterinary KW - Immunity, Cellular KW - Neutrophils -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Cytokines -- immunology KW - Food Contamination KW - Immunity, Mucosal -- immunology KW - Food -- standards KW - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- veterinary KW - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- microbiology KW - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- immunology KW - Intestines -- immunology KW - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animals, Domestic -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72245152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.atitle=Immunology+of+inflammatory+diseases+of+the+bowel.&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Veterinary+clinics+of+North+America.+Food+animal+practice&rft.issn=07490720&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-03-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of class IIS restriction enzymes for site-directed mutagenesis: variations on Phoenix mutagenesis. AN - 72229657; 11673903 JF - Analytical biochemistry AU - Shigaki, T AU - Hirschi, K D AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Y1 - 2001/11/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 01 SP - 118 EP - 120 VL - 298 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific KW - EC 3.1.21.4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed -- genetics KW - Genetic Variation -- genetics KW - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72229657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Use+of+class+IIS+restriction+enzymes+for+site-directed+mutagenesis%3A+variations+on+Phoenix+mutagenesis.&rft.au=Shigaki%2C+T%3BHirschi%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Shigaki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=298&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salt dynamics of the Las Vegas Wash wetlands, Las Vegas, Nevada AN - 52080333; 2002-059787 AB - The Las Vegas Wash and associated wetlands east of Las Vegas, Nevada are subjected to high evapotranspiration rates characteristic of desert climates, and therefore contain soils heavily concentrated with salts. Erosion of these soils contributes greatly to problems associated with salinity in the Colorado River system, and affects plant communities and surrounding habitat in the wetlands. In this study we use SEM (scanning electron microscope) analyses to determine the salt mineralogy and chemistry of both surface crust and subsoil horizons. Samples were taken at the surface (0-2 cm), and at four subsurface depths (2-22 cm, 22-61 cm, 61-98 cm, and 98-140 cm). Additional surface samples were obtained from different regions within the Wash. Gypsum is the primary salt mineral in the subsurface. The surface crust contains bloedite (Na (sub 2) Mg(SO (sub 4) ) (sub 2) . 4H (sub 2) 0), halite (NaCl), hexahydrite (MgSO (sub 4) . 5H (sub 2) 0), thenardite (Na (sub 2) SO (sub 4) ), and mirabilite (Na (sub 2) SO (sub 4) . 10H (sub 2) 0) in addition to gypsum. The crystal habits of these minerals and their relative abundance are controlled by environmental fluctuations associated with changes in temperature and soil water status. Understanding the soil mineralogy and salt dynamics of the Las Vegas Wash may provide insight into the water chemistry and quality of the Colorado River System, where many of these eroded salts are ultimately transported. Additionally, this data is important for better understanding the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils in the Las Vegas Wash and what their effects may be on the sustainability of the natural habitat and the impact of future land use planning. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Wolff, Katherine L AU - Buck, Brenda J AU - Merkler, Douglas J AU - Van Hoesen, John G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 438 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - soils KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - regional planning KW - Las Vegas Wash KW - Clark County Nevada KW - evaporites KW - sedimentary rocks KW - mineral composition KW - wetlands KW - Las Vegas Nevada KW - ecology KW - applications KW - chemical composition KW - Nevada KW - land use KW - salt KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52080333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Salt+dynamics+of+the+Las+Vegas+Wash+wetlands%2C+Las+Vegas%2C+Nevada&rft.au=Wolff%2C+Katherine+L%3BBuck%2C+Brenda+J%3BMerkler%2C+Douglas+J%3BVan+Hoesen%2C+John+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=438&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2001 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; chemical composition; chemically precipitated rocks; Clark County Nevada; ecology; evaporites; land use; Las Vegas Nevada; Las Vegas Wash; mineral composition; Nevada; regional planning; salt; sedimentary rocks; soils; United States; wetlands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 12,13,16-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid, a possible intermediate in the bioconversion of linoleic acid to tetrahydrofuranyl fatty acids by Clavibacter sp. ALA2 AN - 21359847; 12034990 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hou, Ching T AU - Gardner, Harold W AU - Brown, Wanda AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University St., 61604 Peoria, Illinois, houct@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1167 EP - 1169 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 78 IS - 11 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Oil KW - bioconversion KW - Fatty acids KW - Linoleic acid KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21359847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=12%2C13%2C16-trihydroxy-9%28Z%29-octadecenoic+acid%2C+a+possible+intermediate+in+the+bioconversion+of+linoleic+acid+to+tetrahydrofuranyl+fatty+acids+by+Clavibacter+sp.+ALA2&rft.au=Hou%2C+Ching+T%3BGardner%2C+Harold+W%3BBrown%2C+Wanda&rft.aulast=Hou&rft.aufirst=Ching&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-001-0407-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; bioconversion; Fatty acids; Linoleic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-001-0407-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host range of a deleterious rhizobacterium for biological control of downy brome AN - 19810791; 5974289 AB - Pseudomonas fluorescens strain D7 (P. f. D7; NRRL B-18293) is a root-colonizing bacterium that inhibits downy brome (Bromus tectorum L. BROTE) growth. Before commercialization as a biological control agent, strain D7 must be tested for host plant specificity. Agar plate bioassays in the laboratory and plant-soil bioassays in a growth chamber were used to determine the influence of P. f. D7 on germination and root growth of 42 selected weed, cultivated or native plant species common in the western and midwestern United States. In the agar plate bioassay, all accessions of downy brome were inhibited by P. f. D7. Root growth of seven Bromus spp. was inhibited an average of 87% compared with that of controls in the agar plate bioassay. Root growth of non-Bromus monocots was reduced by 0 to 86%, and only 6 out of 17 plant species were inhibited 40% or greater. Among all plant species, only downy brome root growth from two accessions was significantly inhibited by P. f. D7 in plant-soil bioassays (42 and 64%). P. f. D7 inhibited root growth and germination in agar plate bioassays more than in plant-soil bioassays. Inhibition in plant-soil bioassays was limited to downy brome, indicating promise for P. f. D7 as a biocontrol agent that will not harm nontarget species. Nomenclature: Downy brome; Bromus tectorum L. BROTE; rhizobacterium; Pseudomonas fluorescens. JF - Weed Science AU - Kennedy, A C AU - Johnson, B N AU - Stubbs, T L AD - Land Management and Water Conservation Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6421, akennedy@wsu.edu Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 792 EP - 797 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Biological control KW - Germination KW - Nomenclature KW - Agar KW - Weeds KW - Host range KW - Bromus KW - Bromus tectorum KW - Roots KW - Host plants KW - A 01370:Biological Control KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19810791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Host+range+of+a+deleterious+rhizobacterium+for+biological+control+of+downy+brome&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+A+C%3BJohnson%2C+B+N%3BStubbs%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=792&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282001%290492.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-1745&volume=49&page=792 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nomenclature; Germination; Biological control; Weeds; Agar; Host range; Roots; Host plants; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Bromus tectorum; Bromus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2001)049<0792:HROADR>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and Recovery of Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria in Reconditioned Wastewater AN - 19765902; 5375939 AB - Previous reports indicate that Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae can grow in nutrient-limited, reconditioned wastewater over the temperature range of 4 to 46 degree C when the biological oxygen demand of this water is 2. In the current study, we investigated the growth response of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Shigella spp., Vibrio vulnificus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water samples with a CGR of >2 over the temperature range of 4 to 50 degree C. Both the nonselective media, tryptic soy agar, and the selective media used to identify the pathogen were used for their recovery. The selective media were thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose (TCBS), MacConkey agar (MAC), and Pseudomonas isolation agar (PIA) for the Vibrio, Shigella, and Pseudomonas spp., respectively. V. parahaemolyticus numbers declined rapidly after surviving for 6 days under the nutrient-limiting growth conditions. Shigella spp. did not grow but survived for >28 days at 4 to 25 degree C. V. vulnificus grew over the narrow temperature range of 12 to 21 degree C and survived for >21 days at the higher and lower temperature ranges. P. aeruginosa survived and grew during the 14-day test period at 13 to 35 degree C. Recovery on the nonselective agar gave statistically (P > 0.05) higher numbers than the respective selective media commonly used for these pathogens. These results indicate that caution should be used in attempting direct recoveries using selective media of the four gram-negative bacteria species used in this study from the nutrient-limited water environment. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Rajkowski, K T AU - Rice, E W AD - Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1761 EP - 1767 VL - 64 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Aqualine Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Agar KW - Escherichia coli KW - Nutrients KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - A 01108:Other water systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19765902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Growth+and+Recovery+of+Selected+Gram-Negative+Bacteria+in+Reconditioned+Wastewater&rft.au=Rajkowski%2C+K+T%3BRice%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Rajkowski&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1761&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nutrients; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ESTIMATED AREAL EXTENT OF COLONIES OF BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS AN - 19336146; 8696811 AB - During 1997-1998, we undertook an aerial survey, with an aerial line-intercept technique, to estimate the extent of colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in the northern Great Plains states of Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. We stratified the survey based on knowledge of colony locations, computed 2 types of estimates for each stratum, and combined ratio estimates for high-density strata with average density estimates for low-density strata. Estimates of colony areas for black-tailed prairie dogs were derived from the average percentages of lines intercepting prairie dog colonies and ratio estimators. We selected the best estimator based on the correlation between length of transect line and length of intercepted colonies. Active colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs occupied 2,377.8 km2 plus or minus 186.4 SE, whereas inactive colonies occupied 560.4 plus or minus 89.2 km2. These data represent the 1st quantitative assessment of black-tailed prairie dog colonies in the northern Great Plains. The survey dispels popular notions that millions of hectares of colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs exist in the northern Great Plains and can form the basis for future survey efforts. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Sidle, John G AU - Johnson, Douglas H AU - Euliss, Betty R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Great Plains National Grasslands, 125 North Main Street, Chadron, NE 69337 (JGS), jsidle@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 928 EP - 936 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 82 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - aerial survey KW - black-tailed prairie dog KW - colony abundance KW - Cynomys ludovicianus KW - North Dakota KW - northern Great Plains KW - South Dakota KW - Nebraska KW - Wyoming KW - Colonies KW - Data processing KW - Aerial surveys KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19336146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=ESTIMATED+AREAL+EXTENT+OF+COLONIES+OF+BLACK-TAILED+PRAIRIE+DOGS+IN+THE+NORTHERN+GREAT+PLAINS&rft.au=Sidle%2C+John+G%3BJohnson%2C+Douglas+H%3BEuliss%2C+Betty+R&rft.aulast=Sidle&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=928&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1644%2F1545-1542%282001%290822.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonies; Data processing; Aerial surveys; Cynomys ludovicianus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0928:EAEOCO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) improved Sorghum plant water status by ameliorating the adverse effects of drought AN - 18918143; 5459670 AB - The interactive effects of atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration and soil-water content on grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) are reported here. Sorghum plants were exposed to ambient (control) and free-air CO sub(2) enrichment (FACE; ambient + 200 mu mol mol super(-1)), under ample (wet, 100% replacement of evapotranspiration) and reduced (dry, postplanting and mid-season irrigations) water supply over two growing seasons. FACE reduced seasonal average stomatal conductance (g sub(s)) by 0.17 mol (H sub(2)O) m super(-2) s super(-1) (32% and 37% for dry and wet, respectively) compared with control; this was similar to the difference between dry and wet treatments. FACE increased net assimilation rate (A) by 4.77 mu mol (CO sub(2)) m super(-2) s super(-1) (23% and 9% for dry and wet, respectively), whereas dry decreased A by 10.50 mu mol (CO sub(2)) m super(-2) s super(-1) (26%) compared with wet. Total plant water potential ( psi sub(w)) was 0.16 MPa (9%) and 0.04 MPa (3%) less negative in FACE than in the control treatment for dry and wet, respectively. Under dry, FACE stimulated final shoot biomass by 15%. By ameliorating the adverse effects of drought, elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) improved plant water status, which indirectly caused an increase in carbon gain. JF - New Phytologist AU - Wall, G W AU - Brooks, T J AU - Adam, N R AU - Cousins, AB AU - Kimball, BA AU - Pinter, PJ Jr AU - LaMorte, R L AU - Triggs, J AU - Ottman, MJ AU - Leavitt, S W AU - Matthias, AD AU - Williams, D G AU - Webber, AN AD - US Water Conservation Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Phoenix, Arizona, 85040, USA, gwall@uswcl.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 231 EP - 248 VL - 152 IS - 2 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Conductance KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Soil-water-plant Relationships KW - Irrigation Water KW - Drought KW - Plant Water Potential KW - Biomass KW - Grain Crops KW - Sorghum KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18918143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=Elevated+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+improved+Sorghum+plant+water+status+by+ameliorating+the+adverse+effects+of+drought&rft.au=Wall%2C+G+W%3BBrooks%2C+T+J%3BAdam%2C+N+R%3BCousins%2C+AB%3BKimball%2C+BA%3BPinter%2C+PJ+Jr%3BLaMorte%2C+R+L%3BTriggs%2C+J%3BOttman%2C+MJ%3BLeavitt%2C+S+W%3BMatthias%2C+AD%3BWilliams%2C+D+G%3BWebber%2C+AN&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.0028-646X.2001.00260.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conductance; Irrigation Water; Soil-water-plant Relationships; Evapotranspiration; Plant Water Potential; Drought; Grain Crops; Biomass; Carbon Dioxide; Sorghum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0028-646X.2001.00260.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Heat Injury in Listeria monocytogenes Scott A AN - 18394387; 5375935 AB - Methods of detecting live pathogens in foods that may be growth inhibited following heat treatment are essential to food safety. Among the techniques available, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of messenger RNA from heat-injured Listeria monocytogenes Scott A is preferable to direct PCR in an attempt to avoid false positives from dead cells. The RT-PCR has a detection limit of 3 x 10 super(6) CFU/g, compared to 3 CFU/g for untreated controls, but may not be suitable for the identification of all viable cells. Physically apparent changes in cellular structures from heat injury in L. monocytogenes are expected to result. Ultrastructural analyses did depict notable heat damage as cytoplasmic clearing after 5 min at 60 degree C. The heat-injured survivors can be readily distinguished from total viable cells using selective media. As a result, combinations of molecular and visual methods including selective media improve detectability of heat-injured, viable L. monocytogenes Scott A. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Novak, J S AU - Juneja, V K AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1739 EP - 1743 VL - 64 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - ultrastructure KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18394387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Heat+Injury+in+Listeria+monocytogenes+Scott+A&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+S%3BJuneja%2C+V+K&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of cultural practices on the performance of long level basins in Egypt AN - 18310997; 5368962 AB - Several field studies were conducted to better understand the influence of cultural practices, inflow rate and field conditions on the performance of modern surface irrigation systems in Egypt. Field data were collected on wheat and cotton under Egyptian conditions in order to estimate infiltration, roughness and performance parameters. Tests were made with a variety of inflow rates and a variety of cross-section shapes (flat or furrowed and several furrow spacings). These studies provide information on expected values of infiltration and roughness parameters typical of cracking clay soils in the Nile Delta, as well as guidelines and recommendations for use of long-level basins in Egypt. JF - Irrigation and Drainage Systems AU - El-Haddad, Z AU - Clemmens, A J AU - El-Ansary, M AU - Awad, M AD - USDA/ARS, U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, Phoenix, AZ, USA, bclemmens@uswcl.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 327 EP - 353 VL - 15 IS - 4 SN - 0168-6291, 0168-6291 KW - Egypt, Arab Rep. KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Irrigation Systems KW - Infiltration KW - Cultural Control KW - Social Aspects KW - Data Collections KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18310997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.atitle=Influence+of+cultural+practices+on+the+performance+of+long+level+basins+in+Egypt&rft.au=El-Haddad%2C+Z%3BClemmens%2C+A+J%3BEl-Ansary%2C+M%3BAwad%2C+M&rft.aulast=El-Haddad&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Irrigation+and+Drainage+Systems&rft.issn=01686291&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Irrigation Systems; Infiltration; Cultural Control; Social Aspects; Data Collections ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metschnikowia fructicola, a New Ascosporic Yeast with Potential for Biocontrol of Postharvest Fruit Rots AN - 18290500; 5348294 AB - A new ascosporic yeast, Metschnikowia fructicola (type strain NRRL Y-27328, CBS 8853), is described and was isolated from grapes grown in central Israel. Preliminary tests indicate the new species has biocontrol activity against Botrytis rot of stored grapes. Phylogenetic analysis of domain D1/D2 26S rDNA sequences showed M. fructicola to be a sister species of M. pulcherrima. JF - Systematic and Applied Microbiology AU - Kurtzman, C P AU - Droby, S AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, ARS, USDA, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3999 USA, kurtzman@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 395 EP - 399 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0723-2020, 0723-2020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Phylogeny KW - Plant diseases KW - Fruit rot KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Metschnikowia fructicola KW - K 03002:Fungi KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18290500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Metschnikowia+fructicola%2C+a+New+Ascosporic+Yeast+with+Potential+for+Biocontrol+of+Postharvest+Fruit+Rots&rft.au=Kurtzman%2C+C+P%3BDroby%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=07232020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metschnikowia fructicola; Phylogeny; Biological control; Plant diseases; Fruit rot; Post-harvest decay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic diversity and the mating system of a rare Mexican pinon, Pinus pinceana, and a comparison with Pinus maximartinezii (Pinaceae) AN - 18263104; 5311952 AB - Weeping pinon (Pinus pinceana) has a restricted and fragmented range, trees are widely scattered within populations, and reproduction is limited. Nevertheless, genetic diversity was high; based on 27 isozyme loci in 18 enzyme systems, unbiased expected heterozygosity averaged 0.174. Differentiation also was high (F sub(ST) = 0.152), reflecting isolation between southern, central, and northern fragments of the range. Among populations in the northern fragment, F sub(ST) was only 0.056, and the number of migrants per generation (Nm) was 4.21, which should preclude fixation. Nm between central and southern populations or between them and populations in the northern fragment was lower, 0.99-1.66, indicating a degree of genetic isolation. Multilocus outcrossing rates (t sub(m)) ranged from 0.836 in the south to 0.897 in the north. Therefore, selfing is low but statistically significant. The equilibrium inbreeding coefficient (F sub(e)) calculated from t sub(m) was in good agreement with observed inbreeding coefficients, suggesting that weeping pinon may be near equilibrium with respect to inbreeding and selection against selfed trees. Weeping pinon was variable at all loci polymorphic in maxipinon (Pinus maximartinezii) and, therefore, qualifies as a possible progenitor of maxipinon. Because of the high level of diversity, reasonable levels of gene flow within the northern fragment of weeping pinon's range, high rates of outcrossing, and, perhaps, only weak selection against inbred trees, protection in reserves would be a viable option for conservation. JF - American Journal of Botany AU - Ledig, F T AU - Capo-Arteaga, MA AU - Hodgskiss, P D AU - Sbay, H AU - Flores-Lopez, C AU - Conkle, M T AU - Bermejo-Velazquez, B AD - Institute of Forest Genetics, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2480 Carson Road, Placerville, California 95667 USA Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1977 EP - 1987 VL - 88 IS - 11 SN - 0002-9122, 0002-9122 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Population genetics KW - Pinus maximartinezii KW - Trees KW - Gene flow KW - Genetic diversity KW - Pinus pinceana KW - G 07350:Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - G 07290:Population genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18263104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Genetic+diversity+and+the+mating+system+of+a+rare+Mexican+pinon%2C+Pinus+pinceana%2C+and+a+comparison+with+Pinus+maximartinezii+%28Pinaceae%29&rft.au=Ledig%2C+F+T%3BCapo-Arteaga%2C+MA%3BHodgskiss%2C+P+D%3BSbay%2C+H%3BFlores-Lopez%2C+C%3BConkle%2C+M+T%3BBermejo-Velazquez%2C+B&rft.aulast=Ledig&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.issn=00029122&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus pinceana; Pinus maximartinezii; Population genetics; Genetic diversity; Gene flow; Trees ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface Charge Properties and Soil Mobilities of Mycoherbicidal Spores AN - 18256513; 5312137 AB - Biological herbicides are indigenous weed pathogens, usually fungi (mycoherbicides). The target zone of many soil-applied mycoherbicides is the rhizosphere. This is particularly true for Fusarium sp. because they are active root pathogens. Thus, there is not only a need to deliver the agents to the root zone, but also to prevent transport out of this region. The transport of the applied biocontrol agents will be governed by a complex interaction of soil physical and chemical properties, in addition to properties of the fungi (Gullino et al. 1995). This transport is closely related to the surface charge properties of the microorganism itself. Clearly the mobility of microorganisms will be influenced by complex interactions between soil properties and chemical and physical properties of the organism itself. This research investigates 1) the surface charge properties of selected fungal spores used for biological control; 2) the influence of chemical surfactants on the surface charge properties of biocontrol spores; and 3) the soil mobility of several sustained release spore formulations in an unsaturated soils. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Daigle, D J AU - Johnson, R M AU - Sands, D AU - Connick, WJ Jr AD - Southern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Post Office Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 617 EP - 624 VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Biological control KW - Fusarium KW - Rhizosphere KW - Herbicides KW - Surface charge KW - Soil properties KW - Pesticides KW - Spores KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18256513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Surface+Charge+Properties+and+Soil+Mobilities+of+Mycoherbicidal+Spores&rft.au=Daigle%2C+D+J%3BJohnson%2C+R+M%3BSands%2C+D%3BConnick%2C+WJ+Jr&rft.aulast=Daigle&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00128-001-0169-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; Spores; Surface charge; Herbicides; Pesticides; Biological control; Rhizosphere; Soil properties DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-001-0169-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seedling recruitment in Oryzopsis hymenoides: Are desert granivores mutualists or predators? AN - 18251345; 5306072 AB - Granivorous animals that cache as well as consume seeds may actually serve as mutualists to their plant resources. Seeds of Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides), a perennial bunchgrass in North American deserts, are consumed by various desert granivores and dispersed by seed-caching heteromyid rodents. We used a three-way factorial design at a western Nevada site to selectively exclude or allow access to experimental plots by granivorous rodents and seed harvester ants, and to subsequently follow the fate of radiolabeled Indian ricegrass seeds introduced to the plots. In addition to the presence or absence of rodents or ants, the third experimental treatment factor was to allow "initial caching" of the radiolabeled seeds by single Merriam's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami), which were confined to certain plots for one night. Both rodents and ants larder-hoarded seeds in their burrows, but seedlings rarely established from larders. Only rodents also placed seeds in scatterhoards: shallowly buried surface caches distributed about an animal's home range. Following initial caching by a kangaroo rat, the number of seedlings established from scatterhoards was significantly greater (usually by more than an order of magnitude) than those from seeds unharvested by either type of granivore. With no initial caching, rodents reduced seedling recruitment from unharvested seeds but facilitated compensatory seedling recruitment from scatterhoards. Seeds harvested by ants seldom established seedlings. We used a seed fate model to estimate that, on average, rodents and ants harvested 96% and 7%, respectively, of seeds to which they had exclusive access, and that the probability of seedling establishment for a seed harvested by a rodent was an order of magnitude greater than from a seed harvested by an ant and slightly greater than for an unharvested seed. The predicted rank order of seedling recruitment among nine experimental treatments based on expected effects of rodent seed caching closely matched the observed ranking pattern, indicating that rodents determined seedling recruitment patterns of Indian ricegrass. Because rodents harvested such a large majority of seeds and their caches enhanced seedling establishment, they played a central role in the population dynamics of Indian ricegrass. JF - Ecology AU - Longland, W S AU - Jenkins, SH AU - Vander Wall, SB AU - Veech, JA AU - Pyare, S AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, University of Nevada, 920 Valley Road, Reno, Nevada 89512 USA Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 3131 EP - 3148 VL - 82 IS - 11 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Merriam's kangaroo rat KW - Ants KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Seed dispersal KW - Recruitment KW - Formicidae KW - Seedlings KW - USA, Nevada KW - Dipodomys merriami KW - Oryzopsis hymenoides KW - Granivory KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18251345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Seedling+recruitment+in+Oryzopsis+hymenoides%3A+Are+desert+granivores+mutualists+or+predators%3F&rft.au=Longland%2C+W+S%3BJenkins%2C+SH%3BVander+Wall%2C+SB%3BVeech%2C+JA%3BPyare%2C+S&rft.aulast=Longland&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oryzopsis hymenoides; Dipodomys merriami; Formicidae; USA, Nevada; Seedlings; Recruitment; Granivory; Seed dispersal ER - TY - JOUR T1 - RT-PCR Detection of Seedborne Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in Peanut AN - 18245325; 5304126 AB - The Brazilian strain of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) is a severe pathogen in peanut and a significant problem when distributing germ plasm to other countries. The virus is seedborne at approximately 0.15% in peanut, depending upon the cultivar, and its detection in seed lots would strengthen quarantine programs. Utilizing 3' sequence data (GenBank Accession #AF241233), primers were designed from the coat protein region and evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Use of the forward primer 5'-CGCTCAAACCCATTGTAGAA-3' and reverse primer 5'-TATTGCTTCCCTTGCTCTTTC-3' yielded a 221-bp product. Extracts of thick seed slices and a sample size of 12 to 25 seed showed no significant advantage of RT-PCR over enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in tests of large seed lots. However, RT-PCR detected more virus in seed than in the number of infected seedlings normally arising in germination tests. Also, RT-PCR was extremely sensitive and detected 1 infected leaf among 99 healthy leaves. In contrast, ELISA detected only one infected leaf among nine healthy leaves. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gillaspie, AG Jr AU - Pio-Ribeiro, G AU - Andrade, G P AU - Pappu, H R AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA 30223, USA, s9gg@ars-grin.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1181 EP - 1182 VL - 85 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Plant diseases KW - Seed-borne diseases KW - Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Primers KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18245325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=RT-PCR+Detection+of+Seedborne+Cowpea+aphid-borne+mosaic+virus+in+Peanut&rft.au=Gillaspie%2C+AG+Jr%3BPio-Ribeiro%2C+G%3BAndrade%2C+G+P%3BPappu%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Gillaspie&rft.aufirst=AG&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus; Arachis hypogaea; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers; Seed-borne diseases; Plant diseases; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ovipositor Length in a Guild of Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Attacking Anastrepha spp. Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southern Mexico AN - 18243972; 5305140 AB - In southern Mexico, four native and one introduced species of Opiinae (Braconidae) attack larvae of Anastrepha spp. fruit flies. There is a substantial overlap in the hosts of the parasitoids, and every species has been collected from fruit flies attacked by at least one or two other species. The ovipositors of these braconids have a broad interspecific range of lengths, some are less than the length of the abdomen, and others, several times the length of the abdomen. The following three hypotheses are proposed to account for this variety of lengths: (1) Because of differences in the host stage attacked, there are differences in host vulnerability: i.e., mature host larvae feed at greater depths within fruit pulp and can be best reached with a longer ovipositor. There is an implication that competition among the wasp species has selected for foraging on different host stages and that this diversifying selection has resulted in different ovipositor lengths. (2) Although longer ovipositors increase host range and thus have competitive advantages, they may be heavy, awkward, and expensive to move around. If so, species with longer ovipositors might have to invest more in locomotion (reflected in wing size) and less in reproductive capacity (numbers of mature eggs held in the ovarial calyx). Balancing selection would then maintain both short ovipositor-small winged-high fecundity species and long ovipositor-large wing-low fecundity species. (3) Although there are niche overlaps among the species, each has a "core environment" determined by factors such as temperature, humidity, seasonality, and host diversity. Ovipositor lengths have evolved to met the requirements of these specialized environments, and are not due to interspecific competition mediated by ovipositor length; i.e., there has been no diversifying or balancing selection for differences in ovipositor length. Hypothesis number 1 fails because all the species attack similar host stages. Neither was there support for hypothesis number 2. There were no correlations between wing size, or potential fecundity, and ovipositor length. The lack of correlation between species-pairs niche overlaps and differences in species-pairs relative ovipositor length is most consistent with hypothesis number 3. That is, because species with similar ovipositors are neither more or less likely to co-occur in the same samples from various fruits and locations than species with different ovipositor lengths it may be that species interactions are unimportant in the evolution of ovipositor lengths. If so, the lack of a pattern of competition made easily recognizable by differences in ovipositor length could influence biological control tactics. For example, if it is difficult to predict the abilities of newly introduced species to integrate in the existing guild of natural enemies, it may be more prudent over the short term to concentrate on the conservation of the natural enemies already present rather than pursue the "classical" introductions of new species. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Sivinski, J AU - Vulinec, K AU - Aluja, M AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA, jsivinski@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 886 EP - 895 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0013-8746&volume=94&page=886] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Diptera KW - Braconid wasps KW - Fruit flies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Body measurements KW - Ovipositor KW - Tephritidae KW - Braconidae KW - Guilds KW - Mexico KW - Morphology KW - Functional morphology KW - Parasitoids KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18243972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Ovipositor+Length+in+a+Guild+of+Parasitoids+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+Attacking+Anastrepha+spp.+Fruit+Flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+in+Southern+Mexico&rft.au=Sivinski%2C+J%3BVulinec%2C+K%3BAluja%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sivinski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=886&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282001%29094%280886%3AOLIAGO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Braconidae; Tephritidae; Mexico; Parasitoids; Ovipositor; Morphology; Body measurements; Guilds; Functional morphology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2001)094(0886:OLIAGO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Food Deprivation on Attraction of Mexican Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Grapefruit in a Wind Tunnel AN - 18242440; 5305148 AB - Sexually mature, mated female Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), from a laboratory culture, whether starved or not, were attracted to grapefruit in a wind tunnel. Females starved for 24 h were more strongly attracted than fed females but those starved for 48 h were equivalent to fed females in responsiveness. There were no significant differences in propensity to attempt oviposition on grapefruit by fed or starved females. Sexually mature, mated males, whether fed or starved for 24 h, were not attracted to grapefruit, but those starved for 48 h were attracted. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Robacker, D C AU - Fraser, I AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Research, USDA-ARS, Kika de la Garza SARC, 2413 E. Highway 83, Building 200, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA, drobacker@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 954 EP - 958 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0013-8746&volume=94&page=954] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Mexican fruit fly KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - Feeding KW - Anastrepha ludens KW - Attractants KW - Tephritidae KW - Oviposition KW - Z 05167:Behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18242440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Food+Deprivation+on+Attraction+of+Mexican+Fruit+Flies+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+to+Grapefruit+in+a+Wind+Tunnel&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BFraser%2C+I&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=954&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282001%29094%280954%3AEOFDOA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tephritidae; Anastrepha ludens; Attractants; Feeding; Oviposition DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2001)094(0954:EOFDOA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward Quantifying Water Pollution Abatement in Response to Installing Buffers on Crop Land AN - 18240683; 5302478 AB - The scientific research literature is reviewed (i) for evidence of how much reduction in nonpoint source pollution can be achieved by installing buffers on crop land, (ii) to summarize important factors that can affect this response, and (iii) to identify remaining major information gaps that limit our ability to make probable estimates. This review is intended to clarify the current scientific foundation of the USDA and similar buffer programs designed in part for water pollution abatement and to highlight important research needs. At this time, research reports are lacking that quantify a change in pollutant amounts (concentration and/or load) in streams or lakes in response to converting portions of cropped land to buffers. Most evidence that such a change should occur is indirect, coming from site-scale studies of individual functions of buffers that act to retain pollutants from runoff: (1) reduce surface runoff from fields, (2) filter surface runoff from fields, (3) filter groundwater runoff from fields, (4) reduce bank erosion, and (5) filter stream water. The term filter is used here to encompass the range of specific processes that act to reduce pollutant amounts in runoff flow. JF - Environmental Management AU - Dosskey, M G AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Agroforestry Center, East Campus-University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 577 EP - 598 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - buffer strips KW - crop land buffers KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Surface water KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Evaluation KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Research Priorities KW - Lakes KW - Buffers KW - Literature Review KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Erosion control KW - Rivers KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Best Management Practices KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Land use KW - Water pollution control KW - Filtration KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Environment management KW - Runoff KW - Pollution control KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18240683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Toward+Quantifying+Water+Pollution+Abatement+in+Response+to+Installing+Buffers+on+Crop+Land&rft.au=Dosskey%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Dosskey&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=577&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Pollution monitoring; Surface water; Agricultural pollution; Land use; Evaluation; Lakes; Filtration; Buffers; Agricultural runoff; Environment management; Pollution control; Erosion control; Water pollution control; Nonpoint pollution; Water Pollution Control; Research Priorities; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Best Management Practices; Cultivated Lands; Literature Review; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Rice Straw Management on Sclerotium oryzae Inoculum, Stem Rot Severity, and Yield of Rice in California AN - 18240628; 5304118 AB - Under continuous rice cropping, open field burning has been the primary means of rice residue disposal and of minimizing the carryover inoculum of Sclerotium oryzae, the cause of stem rot of rice. The phase down of open field burning in California has necessitated the development of alternatives to burning. In 1993, a continuous-year experiment was initiated in Colusa County to evaluate the effects of alternative residue management strategies on overwintering sclerotia of S. oryzae, stem rot incidence and severity, and yield. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with winter flooding and winter nonflooding as the main plots, and fall incorporation of the straw residue, rolling of the straw to enhance soil contact, baling and removal of residue, and fall burning as the subplots. S. oryzae inoculum and disease severity were significantly lower and yield was significantly higher in 5 out of 6 years in the winter-flooded main plots compared with the winter nonflooded plots. Over the duration of the trial, S. oryzae inoculum was consistently lower in burn subplots when compared with all other subplots. No consistent differences in disease incidence and severity or yield occurred in the subplots, although average yield over the 6 years was highest in burn subplots when compared with all other subplots. The results suggest that winter flooding is the best alternative to burning for stem rot management. JF - Plant Disease AU - Cintas, NA AU - Webster, R K AD - USDA-ARS, PWA, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA, cintas@salinis.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1140 EP - 1144 VL - 85 IS - 11 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - rice KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Disease control KW - Oryza sativa KW - Sclerotium oryzae KW - Yield KW - Flooding KW - Stem rot KW - Burning KW - USA, California KW - Sclerotia KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18240628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Rice+Straw+Management+on+Sclerotium+oryzae+Inoculum%2C+Stem+Rot+Severity%2C+and+Yield+of+Rice+in+California&rft.au=Cintas%2C+NA%3BWebster%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Cintas&rft.aufirst=NA&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sclerotium oryzae; Oryza sativa; USA, California; Yield; Stem rot; Sclerotia; Disease control; Burning; Flooding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Riparian Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Scheme Developed Using GIS AN - 18240175; 5302482 AB - To evaluate riparian habitat for wildlife, we used a geographic information system (GIS) that prioritized individual streams (for acquisition or management) by habitat ranking. We demonstrate this methodology for the Vermilion River basin in east-central Illinois, USA. Three data sets were used to evaluate land cover encompassing 300 m on either side of the streams: (1) the US Geological Survey's land use and land cover information (LUDA), (2) land cover manually digitized from the National High Altitude Photography (NHAP) program, and (3) Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data classified into land cover. Each of 30 tributaries in the study area was ranked for habitat according to the data contained in each data set, and results were compared. Habitat ranking schemes were devised and analysis performed for three species guilds: forest, grassland, and mixed successional species. TM and NHAP each differentiated habitat scores (for forest, grassland, and mixed successional guilds) among tributaries in a similar and suitable way, while LUDA was not suitable, due to the coarse resolution of the data. Overall, it was shown that the methodology is suitable to rank streams based on riparian habitat quality. Even though more work is needed to test and verify the method, the project has shown the potential for such techniques to assist in evaluating, tracking, and improving the management of riparian wildlife resources. The method can easily be applied over large areas such as states if TM-based land cover and stream data are available. JF - Environmental Management AU - Iverson, L R AU - Szafoni, D L AU - Baum, SE AU - Cook, E A AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 359 Main Road, Delaware, Ohio 43015, USA Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - November 2001 SP - 639 EP - 654 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 28 IS - 5 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - wildlife management KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Land classification KW - Rivers KW - Microhabitats KW - Remote sensing KW - Data collections KW - Freshwater KW - Habitat KW - Streams KW - Land use KW - Models KW - Vegetation cover KW - USA, Illinois, Vermilion R. KW - Riparian environments KW - Ecosystem management KW - Riparian vegetation KW - Geographic information systems KW - Mapping KW - GIS KW - Tributaries KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18240175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=A+Riparian+Wildlife+Habitat+Evaluation+Scheme+Developed+Using+GIS&rft.au=Iverson%2C+L+R%3BSzafoni%2C+D+L%3BBaum%2C+SE%3BCook%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Iverson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Vegetation cover; Microhabitats; Ecosystem management; Remote sensing; Riparian environments; Riparian vegetation; Mapping; Tributaries; GIS; Land use; Land classification; Data collections; Geographic information systems; Habitat; Streams; Models; USA, Illinois, Vermilion R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil water dynamics in row and interrow positions in soybean (Glycine max L.) AN - 18238036; 5292028 AB - Quantitative knowledge of infiltration processes and the mechanisms that control water movement in soil is necessary to properly manage water and chemical use in agricultural fields. The objective of this study was to compare the soil water content dynamics in row and interrow positions in a soybean crop (Glycine max L.) under conventional (plow) tillage. Two field plots (Beltsville silt loam soil, Fine-loamy mixed mesic Typic Fragiudult) were instrumented with Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) probes at 0-10 cm, 0-25 cm and 0-40 cm depths. TDR probes were installed in the row and interrow positions. Soil water content was continuously monitored at 1 hour intervals. The distribution of infiltrated water and evapotranspiration showed strong row-interrow patterns. The row positions received significantly more water during precipitation than the interrow positions. Water loss, due to evapotranspiration, was also significantly greater in the row position than in the interrow position. Both plant and soil characteristics appeared to be important factors for infiltration and redistribution. The results of this study suggested that the presence of the crop canopy altered the surface boundary conditions of the soil and, hence, the volume of infiltrating water. Results of this study suggest that in order to model water movement in row crops, the ability to simulate canopy architecture and flow processes in two dimensions is necessary. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Timlin, D AU - Pachepsky, Y AU - Reddy, V R AD - USDA/ARS Alternate Crops and Systems Laboratory, Bldg 007, Rm 116, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA., dtimlin@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 25 EP - 35 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 237 IS - 1 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Soil Water Movement KW - Infiltration KW - Soil Water KW - Crops KW - Soybeans KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18238036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Soil+water+dynamics+in+row+and+interrow+positions+in+soybean+%28Glycine+max+L.%29&rft.au=Timlin%2C+D%3BPachepsky%2C+Y%3BReddy%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Timlin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=237&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Soil Water Movement; Infiltration; Soil Water; Crops; Soybeans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extracts of Flourensia cernua (L): Volatile constituents and antifungal, antialgal, and antitermite bioactivities AN - 18230359; 5297254 AB - The chemical components of tarbush (Flourensia cernua) leaves were fractionated by extracting successively with hexanes, diethyl ether, and ethanol. Volatile profiles of each fraction were identified by using GC-MS. The hexanes fraction contained mostly monoterpenoids, while the ethanol fraction volatiles were primarily sesquiterpenoids. Crude fractions were tested for activity against fungi, algae, and termites. Application of as little as 1 mu g of the essential oil from the hexanes fraction was sufficient to provide visible antifungal activity in bioautography assays. The diethyl ether fraction showed selective activity against the cyanobacterium responsible for the 2-methylisoborneol-induced off-flavor sometimes associated with catfish farming operations. All three fractions exhibited a high degree of antitermite activity. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Tellez, M AU - Estell, R AU - Fredrickson, E AU - Powell, J AU - Wedge, D AU - Schrader, K AU - Kobaisy, M AD - USDA/ARS Natural Products Utilization Research Unit University, Mississippi 38677, USA, matellez@olemiss.edu Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 2263 EP - 2274 VL - 27 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - extracts KW - Isoptera KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Herbicides KW - Insecticides KW - Volatiles KW - Fungicides KW - Flourensia cernua KW - Plant extracts KW - Algae KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18230359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Extracts+of+Flourensia+cernua+%28L%29%3A+Volatile+constituents+and+antifungal%2C+antialgal%2C+and+antitermite+bioactivities&rft.au=Tellez%2C+M%3BEstell%2C+R%3BFredrickson%2C+E%3BPowell%2C+J%3BWedge%2C+D%3BSchrader%2C+K%3BKobaisy%2C+M&rft.aulast=Tellez&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flourensia cernua; Plant extracts; Fungicides; Insecticides; Algae; Herbicides; Volatiles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Congeners of SMAP29 kill ovine pathogens and induce ultrastructural damage in bacterial cells AN - 18228791; 5294785 AB - SMAP29, an ovine cathelicidin, was systematically altered to create a family of 23 related peptides for MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration determinations. SMAP28, SMAP29, and a derivative of SMAP29 called ovispirin were all antimicrobial. However, many congeners of SMAP29 and ovispirin were not as active as the parent molecules. With immunoelectron microscopy, SMAP29 was seen on membranes and within the cytoplasm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Kalfa, V C AU - Jia, H P AU - Kunkle, R A AU - McCray, PB Jr AU - Tack, B F AU - Brogden, KA AD - Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Ave., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, kbrogden@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 3256 EP - 3261 VL - 45 IS - 11 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - sheep KW - congeners KW - Ovispirin KW - SMAP28 KW - SMAP29 KW - cathelicidins KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Sheep red blood cells KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Cytoplasm KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - Peptides KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - Bactericidal activity KW - Electron microscopy KW - Amino acid sequence KW - A 01074:General KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18228791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Congeners+of+SMAP29+kill+ovine+pathogens+and+induce+ultrastructural+damage+in+bacterial+cells&rft.au=Kalfa%2C+V+C%3BJia%2C+H+P%3BKunkle%2C+R+A%3BMcCray%2C+PB+Jr%3BTack%2C+B+F%3BBrogden%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Kalfa&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Aspergillus fumigatus; Peptides; Bactericidal activity; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Amino acid sequence; Drug sensitivity testing; Cytoplasm; Electron microscopy; Sheep red blood cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extracts of Flourensia cernua reduce consumption of alfalfa pellets by sheep AN - 18227680; 5297255 AB - Effects of three extracts (hexanes, ether, and ethanol) from tarbush (Flourensia cernua) on intake of alfalfa pellets by lambs were examined. Fortyfive ewe lambs were fed one of five treatments for five days (randomized complete block, three lambs per block on each treatment). Treatments were alfalfa pellets (CON) or alfalfa pellets plus ethanol carrier (CAR), hexanes extract (HEX), ether extract (ETH), or ethanol extract (ETOH). Extracts were applied to alfalfa pellets at the same concentration as in an equivalent amount of tarbush (as fed basis) in experiment 1 and at 10-fold dilutions of that concentration in experiment 2. Treatments were isolated from tarbush leaves by using a sequential extraction with hexanes, diethyl ether, and 100% ethanol. Lambs received 640 g of alfalfa pellets (dry matter basis) each morning and intake was monitored during a 20-min interval. Lambs were maintained and fed alfalfa pellets (4.7% of body weight) as one group except during this interval. In experiment 1, mean intake by lambs during the 20-min interval was 361, 393, 204, 212, and 228 g for CON, CAR, HEX, ETH, and ETOH, respectively (SEM = 28.9). All three extracts decreased intake (P < 0.001) compared to CON or CAR. Intake did not differ among the three extracts (HEX, ETH, and ETOH) or between the two controls (CON and CAR). Mean intake did not differ among treatments in experiment 2 (468, 455, 389, 381, and 431 g for CON, CAR, HEX, ETH, and ETOH, respectively; SEM = 30.5; P = 0.187). Several compounds are probably responsible for the low palatability and differential use of tarbush typically exhibited by livestock. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Estell, R AU - Tellez, M AU - Fredrickson, E AU - Anderson, D AU - Havstad, K AU - Remmenga, M AD - USDA/ARS Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA, restell@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 2275 EP - 2286 VL - 27 IS - 11 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - sheep KW - Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Antifeedants KW - Palatability KW - Flourensia cernua KW - Plant extracts KW - Feeding behavior KW - Y 25697:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - R 18059:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18227680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Extracts+of+Flourensia+cernua+reduce+consumption+of+alfalfa+pellets+by+sheep&rft.au=Estell%2C+R%3BTellez%2C+M%3BFredrickson%2C+E%3BAnderson%2C+D%3BHavstad%2C+K%3BRemmenga%2C+M&rft.aulast=Estell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flourensia cernua; Plant extracts; Feeding behavior; Palatability; Antifeedants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling in situ N mineralization in conservation tillage fields: comparison of two versions of the CERES nitrogen submodel AN - 18223276; 5290454 AB - Knowing the amount of N available from crop residues and soil is important for determining the amount of fertilizer N needed by a crop. Nitrogen availability in conservation tillage systems is often difficult to assess because of uncertain interactions of surface residues with N mineralization processes. Estimates of residual N availability in cotton systems are more critical because both over-and underfertilization can reduce lint yields. The CERES plant growth models use a moderately complex N submodel to simulate many interacting factors influencing net N mineralization and could be useful as a tool to estimate N needs. Simulations of in situ net N mineralization under two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cover crop systems were conducted with the original N submodel (CERES-N) and a version modified to allow user input of soluble carbohydrate, cellulose, and lignin pool sizes (CERES-NP) and were then compared to field data. Both model versions indicated greater in situ net N mineralization following crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) than following rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops. This agreed with results measured in a field study during 1997 and 1998. Simulations of in situ N mineralization were better with CERES-NP than for CERES-N and were improved for both versions when using decomposition parameters determined from data of a previous field study. Simulations of residue biomass and N loss from bagged residues in 1998 indicate that the original model tends to overpredict in situ net N mineralization which is most likely related to the overestimation of soil organic matter N mineralization. Results with CERES-NP indicate that it can be a better tool for estimating N needs for cotton in conservation tillage cover crop systems than the original CERES-N. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Schomberg, H H AU - Cabrera, M L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, J. Phil Campbell, Sr., Natural Resource Conservation Center, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677-2373, USA, hhs1@arches.uga.edu Y1 - 2001/11/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 01 SP - 1 EP - 15 VL - 145 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Rye KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Simulation KW - Mineralization KW - Crops KW - Models KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Fertilizers KW - Soil conservation KW - Nitrogen cycle KW - Conservation KW - Trifolium incarnatum KW - Secale cereale KW - Nitrogen KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18223276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Modeling+in+situ+N+mineralization+in+conservation+tillage+fields%3A+comparison+of+two+versions+of+the+CERES+nitrogen+submodel&rft.au=Schomberg%2C+H+H%3BCabrera%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Schomberg&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium hirsutum; Trifolium incarnatum; Secale cereale; Agriculture; Crops; Nitrogen; Mineralization; Fertilizers; Simulation; Conservation; Nitrogen cycle; Soil conservation; Agricultural ecosystems; Models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of Mycobacterium bovis-Specific Responses of Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D sub(3) AN - 18218044; 5280046 AB - Historically, administration of vitamin D has been considered beneficial in the treatment of tuberculosis. The interaction of this vitamin {i.e., 1,25-dihdroxyvitamin D sub(3) [1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3)]} with the antitubercular immune response, however, is not clear. In the present study, in vitro recall responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis were used to study the immune-modulatory effects of 1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) on M. bovis-specific responses in vitro. Addition of 1 or 10 nM 1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) inhibited M. bovis-specific proliferative responses of PBMC from M. bovis-infected cattle, affecting predominately the CD4 super(+) cell subset. In addition, 1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) inhibited M. bovis-specific gamma interferon (IFN- gamma ) production yet enhanced M. bovis-specific nitric oxide (NO) production. Lymphocyte apoptosis, measured by flow cytometry using annexin-V staining, was diminished by addition of 1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) to PBMC cultures. These findings support the current hypothesis that 1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) enhances mycobacterial killing by increasing NO production, a potent antimicrobial mechanism of activated macrophages, and suggest that 1,25(OH) sub(2)D sub(3) limits host damage by decreasing M. bovis-induced IFN- gamma production. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Waters, W R AU - Nonnecke, B J AU - Rahner, TE AU - Palmer, M V AU - Whipple, D L AU - Horst, R L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, 2300 Dayton Ave., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1204 EP - 1212 VL - 8 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - cattle KW - 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol KW - 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol KW - CD4 antigen KW - gamma -Interferon KW - calcitriol KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - g-Interferon KW - ^g-Interferon KW - Apoptosis KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Tuberculosis KW - Lymphocytes KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18218044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+Mycobacterium+bovis-Specific+Responses+of+Bovine+Peripheral+Blood+Mononuclear+Cells+by+1%2C25-Dihydroxyvitamin+D+sub%283%29&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BNonnecke%2C+B+J%3BRahner%2C+TE%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BHorst%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1204&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.8.6.1204-1212.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Lymphocytes T; Tuberculosis; Apoptosis; Lymphocytes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.6.1204-1212.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biocontrol Potential of Metchnikowia pulcherrima Strains Against Blue Mold of Apple AN - 18206885; 5276663 AB - Eight strains of Metschnikowia pulcherrima isolated over a 4-year period from an unmanaged orchard and selected for their biocontrol activity against blue mold (caused by Penicillium expansum) of apples were characterized phenotypically, genetically, and for their biocontrol potential against blue mold on apples. All strains grew well and only differed slightly in their growth in nutrient yeast dextrose broth medium at 1 degree C after 216 h, but large differences occurred at 0 degree C, with strain T5-A2 outgrowing other strains by more than 25% transmittance after 360 h. This strain was also one of the most resistant to diphenylamine (DPA), a postharvest antioxidant treatment. All strains required biotin for growth in minimum salt (MS) medium, although strain ST2-A10 grew slightly in MS medium containing riboflavin or folic acid, as did ST3-E1 in MS medium without vitamins. None of the strains produced killer toxins against an indicator strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of Biolog data from YT plates for all eight strains using the MLCLUST program resulted in separation of the strains into one major cluster containing four strains and four scattered strains from which strain ST1-D10 was the most distant from all other strains. This was particularly apparent in 3-D and principle component analysis. Genetic differentiation of the eight strains using maximum parsimony analysis of nucleotide sequences from domain D1/D2 of nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA resulted in detection of two clades. Strain ST1-D10 grouped with the type strain of M. pulcherrima but the remaining seven strains grouped separately, which might possibly represent a new species. All strains significantly reduced blue mold on mature Golden Delicious apples during 1 month of storage at 1 degree C followed by 7 days at room temperature, but strains T5-A2 and T4-A2 were distinctly more effective under these conditions. Strain T5-A2 also was the most effective in tests on harvest mature apples treated with the lowest concentration of the antagonist and stored for 3 months at 0.5 degree C. Populations of all eight strains increased in apple wounds by approximately 2 log units after 1 month at 1 degree C followed by 5 days at 24 degree C. Our results indicate that M. pulcherrima is an excellent candidate for biological control of postharvest diseases of pome fruit. The variation in phenotypic, genetic, and biocontrol characteristics among strains of M. pulcherrima isolated from the same orchard should make it possible to select antagonists with characteristics that are most desirable for postharvest application. JF - Phytopathology AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Tworkoski, T J AU - Kurtzman, C P AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, wjanisie@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1098 EP - 1108 VL - 91 IS - 11 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - nucleotide sequence KW - rRNA 26S KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Biological control KW - Fruits KW - Genetic diversity KW - Metchnikowia pulcherrima KW - Food spoilage KW - Penicillium expansum KW - Storage conditions KW - Blue mold KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18206885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Biocontrol+Potential+of+Metchnikowia+pulcherrima+Strains+Against+Blue+Mold+of+Apple&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BTworkoski%2C+T+J%3BKurtzman%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Penicillium expansum; Metchnikowia pulcherrima; Biological control; Blue mold; Fruits; Storage conditions; Genetic diversity; Food spoilage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Extraction of DNA From Escherichia coli and Cryptosporidium parvum for Use in PCR AN - 18192345; 5217962 AB - The Xtra Amp tube, Isocode paper, Instagene matrix, and PrepMan matrix methods were evaluated for their ability to rapidly extract PCR-quality DNAs from Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Cryptosporidium parvum. All methods provided satisfactory DNA from E. coli, and the Xtra Amp and Instagene reagents provided satisfactory DNA from C. parvum. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Higgins, JA AU - Jenkins, M C AU - Shelton AU - Fayer, R AU - Karns, J S AD - USDA-ARS, Rm. 202, Bldg. 173, 10300 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705., jhiggins@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 5321 EP - 5324 VL - 67 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) (Escherichia) KW - Escherichia Coli KW - DNA KW - Cryptosporidium parvum KW - SW 0810:General KW - A 01113:General KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - K 03071:Protozoa UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18192345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+Extraction+of+DNA+From+Escherichia+coli+and+Cryptosporidium+parvum+for+Use+in+PCR&rft.au=Higgins%2C+JA%3BJenkins%2C+M+C%3BShelton%3BFayer%2C+R%3BKarns%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.67.11.5321-5324.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA; Escherichia Coli; Cryptosporidium parvum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.11.5321-5324.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Instability of N-acetylated fumonisin B1 (FA1) and the impact on inhibition of ceramide synthase in rat liver slices AN - 18137744; 5275060 AB - Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides. It inhibits ceramide synthase, which is a proposed underlying mechanism responsible for the myriad of toxic endpoints observed. We previously reported that N-acetylation of FB1 prevents ceramide synthase inhibition, but cautioned that impure preparations of FA1 can contain a contaminant with the ability to inhibit ceramide synthase. We now report that FA1 spontaneously rearranges to O-acetylated analogs. These rearrangement products are putative inhibitors of ceramide synthase. Rat liver slices exposed to impure FA1 containing O-acetylated FB1 had sphinganine/sphingosine (Sa:So) ratios of 1.15-1.64. Control slices had Sa:So ratios of 0.07-0.24. Clean-up to remove the O-acetylated FBI yielded purified FA1, which produced Sa:So ratios in liver slices of 0.08-0.18. After storage for approximately 1 year as either a dry powder in a desiccator, or as a dried film at 4 degree C, the purified FA1 again contained O-acetylated FB1, and was capable of ceramide synthase inhibition. FA1 was most stable in neutral solution, but in acidic solution the equilibrium shifted towards the O-acetylated forms. FA1 in solid form also rearranged, but more slowly than in acid solution. As FA1 is considerably less cytotoxic than FB1, these results provide additional support for the conclusion that a primary amino group is necessary for both ceramide synthase inhibition and toxicity. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Norred, W P AU - Riley, R T AU - Meredith, F I AU - Poling, S M AU - Plattner, R D AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, ARS/USDA, Athens, GA, USA, wnorred@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/11// PY - 2001 DA - Nov 2001 SP - 1071 EP - 1078 VL - 39 IS - 11 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - ceramide synthase KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Acetylation KW - Mycotoxins KW - Fumonisin B1 KW - Fusarium verticillioides KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18137744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Instability+of+N-acetylated+fumonisin+B1+%28FA1%29+and+the+impact+on+inhibition+of+ceramide+synthase+in+rat+liver+slices&rft.au=Norred%2C+W+P%3BRiley%2C+R+T%3BMeredith%2C+F+I%3BPoling%2C+S+M%3BPlattner%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Norred&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1071&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium verticillioides; Mycotoxins; Fumonisin B1; Acetylation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transmission of viral RNA and DNA to maize kernels by vascular puncture inoculation AN - 18113177; 5183070 AB - Vascular puncture inoculation (VPI) is an effective technique for transmission of maize viruses without using arthropods or other biological vectors. It involves using a jeweler's engraving tool to push minuten pins through a droplet of virus inoculum toward the major vascular bundle in the scutellum of germinating kernels. Here, VPI is shown to be useful for introducing RNA and DNA viral genomes into maize. Maize dwarf mosaic potyvirus (MDMV) virions, MDMV genomic RNA, foxtail mosaic potexvirus (FoMV) genomic RNA and maize streak geminivirus (MSV) DNA were introduced into kernels by VPI, and infection rates determined. At high concentrations, both MDMV virion and genomic RNA preparations produced 100% infection of susceptible maize. However, MDMV genomic RNA was transmitted with about 100-fold lower efficiency than virions. FoMV genomic RNA and MSV DNA were transmitted at lower efficiency than the MDMV RNA, and the highest transmission rates were about 50%. Ribonuclease A pretreatment prevented genomic MDMV and FoMV RNA transmission, but not MDMV virion transmission indicating the viral RNA was the infectious entity. Proteinase K (ProK) pretreatment reduced transmission of MDMV RNA suggesting that integrity of the viral genomic protein bound covalently to the viral RNA may be important for efficient transmission. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Redinbaugh, M G AU - Louie, R AU - Ngwira, P AU - Edema, R AU - Gordon, D T AU - Bisaro, D M AD - USDA-ARS, Corn and Soybean Research, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, 44691 Wooster, OH USA Y1 - 2001/11/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Nov 01 SP - 135 EP - 143 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 98 IS - 2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - infection methodology KW - maize KW - Proteinase K KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Plant diseases KW - Foxtail mosaic potexvirus KW - Maize dwarf mosaic potyvirus KW - Disease transmission KW - Maize streak geminivirus KW - Zea mays KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18113177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Transmission+of+viral+RNA+and+DNA+to+maize+kernels+by+vascular+puncture+inoculation&rft.au=Redinbaugh%2C+M+G%3BLouie%2C+R%3BNgwira%2C+P%3BEdema%2C+R%3BGordon%2C+D+T%3BBisaro%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Redinbaugh&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Maize dwarf mosaic potyvirus; Foxtail mosaic potexvirus; Maize streak geminivirus; Disease transmission; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen in the environment: sources, problems, and management. AN - 71379510; 12805892 AB - Nitrogen (N) is applied worldwide to produce food. It is in the atmosphere, soil, and water and is essential to all life. N for agriculture includes fertilizer, biologically fixed, manure, recycled crop residue, and soil-mineralized N. Presently, fertilizer N is a major source of N, and animal manure N is inefficiently used. Potential environmental impacts of N excreted by humans are increasing rapidly with increasing world populations. Where needed, N must be efficiently used because N can be transported immense distances and transformed into soluble and/or gaseous forms that pollute water resources and cause greenhouse effects. Unfortunately, increased amounts of gaseous N enter the environment as N2O to cause greenhouse warming and as NH3 to shift ecological balances of natural ecosystems. Large amounts of N are displaced with eroding sediments in surface waters. Soluble N in runoff or leachate water enters streams, rivers, and groundwater. High-nitrate drinking water can cause methemoglobinemia, while nitrosamines are associated with various human cancers. We describe the benefits, but also how N in the wrong form or place results in harmful effects on humans and animals, as well as to ecological and environmental systems. JF - TheScientificWorldJournal AU - Follett, R F AU - Hatfield, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Soil-Plant-Nutrient Unit, Fort Collins, Co 80522, USA. rfollet@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2001/10/30/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 30 SP - 920 EP - 926 VL - 1 Suppl 2 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Greenhouse Effect KW - Humans KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71379510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+in+the+environment%3A+sources%2C+problems%2C+and+management.&rft.au=Follett%2C+R+F%3BHatfield%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Follett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-30&rft.volume=1+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=920&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.issn=1537-744X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal effects of wildfire on the hydrology of a steep rangeland watershed AN - 18347668; 5285575 AB - Wildfire is a major ecological process and management issue on western rangelands. The impacts of wildfire on hydrologic processes such as infiltration, runoff, and erosion are not well understood. Small-plot rainfall simulation methods were applied in a rangeland wildfire setting to determine post-fire hydrologic response. Infiltration and interrill erosion processes were measured immediately post-fire and one year following the 1999 34 400 ha Denio fire in northwestern Nevada. Plot-scale spatial and temporal variability in fire impacts was compared with adjacent unburned areas. An index of water repellency was derived and used to quantify the influence of water-repellent soil conditions on infiltration. Results indicate the impact of the fire on infiltration was localized primarily on coppice microsites directly under shrubs characterized by high surface litter accumulations. Coppice microsites had very uniform fire-induced soil water repellency with 29 of 30 plots exhibiting at least a 10% reduction in initial infiltration with an average 28% reduction. Cumulative erosion was nearly four times higher on burned coppices compared with unburned coppices. The impact of the fire on infiltration and erosion was reduced, but still evident, 1 year after fire. Significant temporal variability in infiltration between years was observed on both burned and unburned areas, complicating the interpretation of fire impacts and hydrologic recovery following wildfire. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Pierson, F B AU - Robichaud, PR AU - Spaeth, KE AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Watershed Research Center, 800 Park Blvd, Plaza 4, Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712, USA, fpierson@nwrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10/30/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 30 SP - 2905 EP - 2916 VL - 15 IS - 15 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - USA, Nevada KW - wildfires KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, West KW - Soil erosion KW - Ecological Effects KW - Watersheds KW - Soil hydrology KW - Soil KW - Spatial variations KW - Fire KW - Fire effects on soil KW - Hydrology KW - Fires KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Temporal variations KW - Environmental impact KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Rangelands KW - Erosion KW - Infiltration KW - Environment management KW - Runoff KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18347668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+effects+of+wildfire+on+the+hydrology+of+a+steep+rangeland+watershed&rft.au=Pierson%2C+F+B%3BRobichaud%2C+PR%3BSpaeth%2C+KE&rft.aulast=Pierson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-10-30&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fhyp.381 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Wildfire and Surficial Processes. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spatial variations; Temporal variations; Fire; Environmental impact; Hydrology; Soil erosion; Watersheds; Runoff; Fire effects on soil; Soil hydrology; Soil; Rangelands; Fires; Erosion; Infiltration; Environment management; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Ecological Effects; Simulated Rainfall; USA, West DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.381 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of log erosion barriers on post-fire hydrologic response and sediment yield in small forested watersheds, southern California AN - 18346076; 5285585 AB - Wildfire usually promotes flooding and accelerated erosion in upland watersheds. In the summer of 1999, a high-severity wildfire burned a series of mixed pine/oak headwater catchments in the San Jacinto Mountains of southern California. Log erosion barriers (LEBs) were constructed across much of the burned area as an erosion control measure. We built debris basins in two watersheds, each about 1 ha in area, one with LEBs, the other without, to measure post-fire hydrologic response and sediment yield and to evaluate the effectiveness of the LEBs. The watersheds are underlain by granitic bedrock, producing a loamy sand soil above large extents of weathered bedrock and exposed core stones (tors) on the surface. Measured soil water-repellency was similar over the two catchments. Rain gauges measured 348 mm of precipitation in the first post-fire year. The ephemeral stream channels experienced surface flow after major rainstorms, and the source of the water was throughflow exfiltration at the slope/channel interface. Post-fire overland flow produced some rilling, but hillslope erosion measured in silt fences away from any LEBs was minor, as was sediment accumulation behind the LEBs. Stream channels in the catchments exhibited minor net scour. Water yield was much greater in the LEB-treated watershed. This resulted in 14 times more sediment yield by weight than the untreated watershed. Average soil depths determined by augering were nearly double in the catchment without the LEBs compared with the treated watershed. This suggests that differences in water and sediment yield between the two catchments are due to the twofold difference in the estimated soil water-holding capacity in the untreated watershed. It appears that the deeper soils in the untreated watershed were able to retain most of the precipitation, releasing less water to the channels and thereby reducing erosion and sediment yield. Thus, the test of LEB effectiveness was inconclusive in this study, because soil depth and soil water-holding capacity may have masked their performance. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Wohlgemuth, P M AU - Hubbert, K R AU - Robichaud, PR AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Fire Laboratory, Riverside, CA, USA, pwohlgemuth@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/10/30/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 30 SP - 3053 EP - 3066 VL - 15 IS - 15 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - USA, California, San Jacinto Mts. KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Barriers KW - Forests KW - Soil erosion KW - Watersheds KW - Soil KW - Erosion Control KW - Sediment Yield KW - Floods KW - Fire KW - Hydrology KW - USA, California KW - Soil Properties KW - Sediment traps KW - Forest Fires KW - Erosion control KW - Fires KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Erosion KW - Catchments KW - Small Watersheds KW - Soil Erosion KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18346076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+log+erosion+barriers+on+post-fire+hydrologic+response+and+sediment+yield+in+small+forested+watersheds%2C+southern+California&rft.au=Wohlgemuth%2C+P+M%3BHubbert%2C+K+R%3BRobichaud%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Wohlgemuth&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-10-30&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=3053&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fhyp.391 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Wildfire and Surficial Processes. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Barriers; Fire; Soil erosion; Watersheds; Sediment traps; Erosion control; Soil; Fires; Erosion; Catchments; Hydrology; Forests; Performance Evaluation; Sediment Yield; Erosion Control; Floods; Soil Properties; Soil Erosion; Small Watersheds; Forest Fires; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.391 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New species of Oscheius (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Formosan termites (Coptotermes formosans) and a 28SrDNA molecular phylogeny with related taxa AN - 39504676; 3626027 AU - Carta, K AU - Morris, K AU - Thomas, W K Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39504676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+species+of+Oscheius+%28Nematoda%3A+Rhabditida%29+from+Formosan+termites+%28Coptotermes+formosans%29+and+a+28SrDNA+molecular+phylogeny+with+related+taxa&rft.au=Carta%2C+K%3BMorris%2C+K%3BThomas%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Carta&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Nematologists, P.O. Box 311, Marceline, MO 64658, USA; phone: 660-376-2939; email: socnema@yahoo.com; URL: www.ianr.unl.edu/son. Paper No. P-2001-0020-SON N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Changes in thermal sensitivity resulting from pH and nutritional shifts of acid-adapted and non-acid-adapted Listeria monocytogenes scott A, a serotype 4b strain AN - 39495650; 3626711 AU - Bayles, DO AU - Raleigh Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39495650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Changes+in+thermal+sensitivity+resulting+from+pH+and+nutritional+shifts+of+acid-adapted+and+non-acid-adapted+Listeria+monocytogenes+scott+A%2C+a+serotype+4b+strain&rft.au=Bayles%2C+DO%3BRaleigh&rft.aulast=Bayles&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P103 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Simulation of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 lettuce outbreak in a restaurant setting: Survival of E. coli O157:H7 on and contamination of shredded lettuce AN - 39495410; 3626637 AU - Wachtel, M R AU - Charkowski, A O Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39495410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Simulation+of+an+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+lettuce+outbreak+in+a+restaurant+setting%3A+Survival+of+E.+coli+O157%3AH7+on+and+contamination+of+shredded+lettuce&rft.au=Wachtel%2C+M+R%3BCharkowski%2C+A+O&rft.aulast=Wachtel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P29 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes to the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae, in the laboratory AN - 39436050; 3626112 AU - Shapiro-Ilan, DI Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39436050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Virulence+of+entomopathogenic+nematodes+to+the+pecan+weevil%2C+Curculio+caryae%2C+in+the+laboratory&rft.au=Shapiro-Ilan%2C+DI&rft.aulast=Shapiro-Ilan&rft.aufirst=DI&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Nematologists, P.O. Box 311, Marceline, MO 64658, USA; phone: 660-376-2939; email: socnema@yahoo.com; URL: www.ianr.unl.edu/son. Paper No. P-2001-0105-SON N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - AFLP analysis to investigate the parasitic ability of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines AN - 39425244; 3626013 AU - Atibalentja, N AU - Noel, G R AU - Domier, L L Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39425244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=AFLP+analysis+to+investigate+the+parasitic+ability+of+the+soybean+cyst+nematode%2C+Heterodera+glycines&rft.au=Atibalentja%2C+N%3BNoel%2C+G+R%3BDomier%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Atibalentja&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Nematologists, P.O. Box 311, Marceline, MO 64658, USA; phone: 660-376-2939; email: socnema@yahoo.com; URL: www.ianr.unl.edu/son. Paper No. P-2001-0006-SON N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Safety, nutritional adequacy and the status of irradiated foods: International perspective AN - 39423845; 3626583 AU - Kaferstein, F Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39423845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Safety%2C+nutritional+adequacy+and+the+status+of+irradiated+foods%3A+International+perspective&rft.au=Kaferstein%2C+F&rft.aulast=Kaferstein&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Is there a relationship between microbial and non-microbial indicators of fecal contamination and fecal bacteria AN - 39423771; 3626574 AU - Siragusa, G Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39423771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Is+there+a+relationship+between+microbial+and+non-microbial+indicators+of+fecal+contamination+and+fecal+bacteria&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+G&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of hot water and heated hydrogen peroxide treatments in reducing transfer of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from cantaloupe surfaces to fresh-cut tissues AN - 39419110; 3626515 AU - Ukuku, DO AU - Pilizota, V AU - Sapers, G M AU - Cooke, PH Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39419110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+hot+water+and+heated+hydrogen+peroxide+treatments+in+reducing+transfer+of+Salmonella+and+Escherichia+coli+from+cantaloupe+surfaces+to+fresh-cut+tissues&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+DO%3BPilizota%2C+V%3BSapers%2C+G+M%3BCooke%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Paper No. T46 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Microbial growth in transgenic pork AN - 39417468; 3626737 AU - Nedoluha, P C AU - Solomon, M B AU - Pursel, V G AU - Mitchell, AD Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39417468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microbial+growth+in+transgenic+pork&rft.au=Nedoluha%2C+P+C%3BSolomon%2C+M+B%3BPursel%2C+V+G%3BMitchell%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Nedoluha&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P129 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cycloheximide replacement in campy-line agar for Campylobacter enumeration AN - 39417325; 3626714 AU - Line, JE Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39417325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cycloheximide+replacement+in+campy-line+agar+for+Campylobacter+enumeration&rft.au=Line%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Line&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P106 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Incidence of Clostridium perfringens in an integrated broiler chicken operation from breeder farm to the fully-processed product AN - 39417195; 3626677 AU - Craven, SE AU - Cox, NA AU - Stern, N J AU - Bailey, J S Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39417195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+an+integrated+broiler+chicken+operation+from+breeder+farm+to+the+fully-processed+product&rft.au=Craven%2C+SE%3BCox%2C+NA%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BBailey%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Craven&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P69 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Establishing a Prunus rootstock evaluation site on land with no history of short life or peach production AN - 39409236; 3626088 AU - Nyczepir AU - Okie, W R AU - Beckman, T G Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39409236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Establishing+a+Prunus+rootstock+evaluation+site+on+land+with+no+history+of+short+life+or+peach+production&rft.au=Nyczepir%3BOkie%2C+W+R%3BBeckman%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Nyczepir&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Nematologists, P.O. Box 311, Marceline, MO 64658, USA; phone: 660-376-2939; email: socnema@yahoo.com; URL: www.ianr.unl.edu/son. Paper No. P-2001-0081-SON N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Isolation and characterization of a Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriophage from cucumber fermentation AN - 39407700; 3626618 AU - Lu, Z AU - Breidt, F Jr AU - Fleming, H P Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39407700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+characterization+of+a+Lactobacillus+plantarum+bacteriophage+from+cucumber+fermentation&rft.au=Lu%2C+Z%3BBreidt%2C+F+Jr%3BFleming%2C+H+P&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P10 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Potential sources of Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination of apples during growth, harvesting, distribution, and processing AN - 39407623; 3626597 AU - Annous, BA Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39407623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Potential+sources+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+contamination+of+apples+during+growth%2C+harvesting%2C+distribution%2C+and+processing&rft.au=Annous%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Annous&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of two methods to evaluate soybean for resistance to soybean cyst nematode AN - 39407111; 3626137 AU - Young, L D Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39407111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+two+methods+to+evaluate+soybean+for+resistance+to+soybean+cyst+nematode&rft.au=Young%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Nematologists, P.O. Box 311, Marceline, MO 64658, USA; phone: 660-376-2939; email: socnema@yahoo.com; URL: www.ianr.unl.edu/son. Paper No. P-2001-0130-SON N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of organic acids and temperature on survival of Shigella flexneri in broth AN - 39402434; 3626719 AU - Zaika, L L Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39402434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+organic+acids+and+temperature+on+survival+of+Shigella+flexneri+in+broth&rft.au=Zaika%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Zaika&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P111 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Incidence of Salmonella spp. and biotype 1 Escherichia coli on swine carcasses processed under the HACCP-based inspection models project AN - 39402352; 3626685 AU - Tamplin, M L AU - Feder, I AU - Palumbo, SA AU - Oser, A AU - Yoder, L AU - Luchansky, J B Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39402352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+Salmonella+spp.+and+biotype+1+Escherichia+coli+on+swine+carcasses+processed+under+the+HACCP-based+inspection+models+project&rft.au=Tamplin%2C+M+L%3BFeder%2C+I%3BPalumbo%2C+SA%3BOser%2C+A%3BYoder%2C+L%3BLuchansky%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Tamplin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P77 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Is Salmonella enterica a good colonizer of plant surfaces? AN - 39401708; 3626616 AU - Brandl, M AU - Mandrell, R Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39401708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Is+Salmonella+enterica+a+good+colonizer+of+plant+surfaces%3F&rft.au=Brandl%2C+M%3BMandrell%2C+R&rft.aulast=Brandl&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P8 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of glycine betaine on survival of Lactococcus lactis in fresh, refrigerated, spicy cucumbers AN - 39401538; 3626619 AU - Reina, L D AU - Breidt, F Jr AU - Fleming, H P Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39401538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+glycine+betaine+on+survival+of+Lactococcus+lactis+in+fresh%2C+refrigerated%2C+spicy+cucumbers&rft.au=Reina%2C+L+D%3BBreidt%2C+F+Jr%3BFleming%2C+H+P&rft.aulast=Reina&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P11 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Surface characteristics and adhesion of Salmonella stanley, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli on cantaloupe surfaces treated with chlorine or hydrogen peroxide AN - 39401458; 3626599 AU - Ukuku, DO Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39401458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Surface+characteristics+and+adhesion+of+Salmonella+stanley%2C+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+and+Escherichia+coli+on+cantaloupe+surfaces+treated+with+chlorine+or+hydrogen+peroxide&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Methodology for detecting Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in food products AN - 39401414; 3626591 AU - Stabel, J R Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39401414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Methodology+for+detecting+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis+in+food+products&rft.au=Stabel%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Stabel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Emerging technologies to map and mitigate biocontaminants AN - 39401219; 3626554 AU - Brenner, R Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39401219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Emerging+technologies+to+map+and+mitigate+biocontaminants&rft.au=Brenner%2C+R&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nematode reproduction in tall fescue infected with different endophyte strains AN - 39400884; 3626121 AU - Timper, P AU - Gates, R N AU - Bouton, J H Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39400884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nematode+reproduction+in+tall+fescue+infected+with+different+endophyte+strains&rft.au=Timper%2C+P%3BGates%2C+R+N%3BBouton%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Timper&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Nematologists, P.O. Box 311, Marceline, MO 64658, USA; phone: 660-376-2939; email: socnema@yahoo.com; URL: www.ianr.unl.edu/son. Paper No. P-2001-0114-SON N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Red food coloring stain: A new, safer procedure for staining nematodes in roots and egg masses on root surfaces AN - 39400849; 3626119 AU - Thies, JA Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39400849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Red+food+coloring+stain%3A+A+new%2C+safer+procedure+for+staining+nematodes+in+roots+and+egg+masses+on+root+surfaces&rft.au=Thies%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Thies&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Nematologists, P.O. Box 311, Marceline, MO 64658, USA; phone: 660-376-2939; email: socnema@yahoo.com; URL: www.ianr.unl.edu/son. Paper No. P-2001-0112-SON N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Microbial safety of sprouts AN - 39397069; 3626598 AU - Fett, W F Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39397069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microbial+safety+of+sprouts&rft.au=Fett%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Fett&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bactericidal activity of oleate towards vegetative cells and endospores of Clostridium perfringens AN - 39396680; 3626490 AU - Hinton, A Jr AU - Ingram, K D Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39396680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bactericidal+activity+of+oleate+towards+vegetative+cells+and+endospores+of+Clostridium+perfringens&rft.au=Hinton%2C+A+Jr%3BIngram%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Paper No. T20 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Survival and thermotolerance of Campylobacter jejuni in liquid foods: Effects of temperature and presence of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens AN - 39395056; 3626716 AU - Cloak, OM AU - Fratamico, P M Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39395056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Survival+and+thermotolerance+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+in+liquid+foods%3A+Effects+of+temperature+and+presence+of+Escherichia+coli+and+Pseudomonas+fluorescens&rft.au=Cloak%2C+OM%3BFratamico%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Cloak&rft.aufirst=OM&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P108 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Radiation resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from frankfurters AN - 39391115; 3626652 AU - Sommers, CH Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39391115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Radiation+resistance+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+isolated+from+frankfurters&rft.au=Sommers%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Sommers&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P44 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sampling and detection of bacterial pathogens in fresh produce AN - 39381919; 3626596 AU - Fratamico, P M Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39381919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sampling+and+detection+of+bacterial+pathogens+in+fresh+produce&rft.au=Fratamico%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Fratamico&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Identification of nematode-antagonistic compounds from fungi AN - 39379418; 3626082 AU - Meyer, SLF AU - Nitao, J K AU - Chitwood, D J Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39379418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Identification+of+nematode-antagonistic+compounds+from+fungi&rft.au=Meyer%2C+SLF%3BNitao%2C+J+K%3BChitwood%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=SLF&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Nematologists, P.O. Box 311, Marceline, MO 64658, USA; phone: 660-376-2939; email: socnema@yahoo.com; URL: www.ianr.unl.edu/son. Paper No. P-2001-0075-SON N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular, morphological and thermal characters of Pratylenchus species (Nematoda: Tylenchida) and relatives using the D3 segment of the nuclear LS 28SrRNA gene AN - 39379147; 3626026 AU - Carta, L K AU - Skantar, A M AU - Handoo, Z A Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39379147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular%2C+morphological+and+thermal+characters+of+Pratylenchus+species+%28Nematoda%3A+Tylenchida%29+and+relatives+using+the+D3+segment+of+the+nuclear+LS+28SrRNA+gene&rft.au=Carta%2C+L+K%3BSkantar%2C+A+M%3BHandoo%2C+Z+A&rft.aulast=Carta&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Nematologists, P.O. Box 311, Marceline, MO 64658, USA; phone: 660-376-2939; email: socnema@yahoo.com; URL: www.ianr.unl.edu/son. Paper No. P-2001-0019-SON N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Human pathogens on produce: Attachment, biofilms and ecology AN - 39377931; 3626600 AU - Mandrell, R E Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39377931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Human+pathogens+on+produce%3A+Attachment%2C+biofilms+and+ecology&rft.au=Mandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Mandrell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Differences in cotton yield, root growth, and Rotylenchulus reniformis following deep soil fumigation AN - 39377397; 3626106 AU - Robinson, A F AU - Cook, C G AU - Bradford, J M AU - Bridges, A C AU - Bautista, J Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39377397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Differences+in+cotton+yield%2C+root+growth%2C+and+Rotylenchulus+reniformis+following+deep+soil+fumigation&rft.au=Robinson%2C+A+F%3BCook%2C+C+G%3BBradford%2C+J+M%3BBridges%2C+A+C%3BBautista%2C+J&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Nematologists, P.O. Box 311, Marceline, MO 64658, USA; phone: 660-376-2939; email: socnema@yahoo.com; URL: www.ianr.unl.edu/son. Paper No. P-2001-0099-SON N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Selection and reproduction of Heterodera glycines on resistant soybean germplasm AN - 39373723; 3626087 AU - Noel, G R AU - Bauer, S J AU - Assuncao AU - Atibalentja, N Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39373723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Selection+and+reproduction+of+Heterodera+glycines+on+resistant+soybean+germplasm&rft.au=Noel%2C+G+R%3BBauer%2C+S+J%3BAssuncao%3BAtibalentja%2C+N&rft.aulast=Noel&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Society of Nematologists, P.O. Box 311, Marceline, MO 64658, USA; phone: 660-376-2939; email: socnema@yahoo.com; URL: www.ianr.unl.edu/son. Paper No. P-2001-0080-SON N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Serotype tracking of Salmonella through integrated broiler chicken operations AN - 39371894; 3626478 AU - Bailey, J S AU - Cox, NA AU - Stern, N J AU - Craven, SE Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39371894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Serotype+tracking+of+Salmonella+through+integrated+broiler+chicken+operations&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J+S%3BCox%2C+NA%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BCraven%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Paper No. T8 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of ozonated water on the assimilable organic carbon and coliform growth response values and on pathogenic bacteria survival AN - 39367313; 3626730 AU - Rajkowski, K T AU - Rice, E Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39367313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+ozonated+water+on+the+assimilable+organic+carbon+and+coliform+growth+response+values+and+on+pathogenic+bacteria+survival&rft.au=Rajkowski%2C+K+T%3BRice%2C+E&rft.aulast=Rajkowski&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P122 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of multiplex, ELISA and 5' nuclease PCR assays for detection of plasmid-bearing virulent Yersinia enterocolitica in pig feces AN - 39367149; 3626692 AU - Bhaduri, S AU - Cottrell, B Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39367149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+multiplex%2C+ELISA+and+5%27+nuclease+PCR+assays+for+detection+of+plasmid-bearing+virulent+Yersinia+enterocolitica+in+pig+feces&rft.au=Bhaduri%2C+S%3BCottrell%2C+B&rft.aulast=Bhaduri&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P84 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mucosal humoral immunity to experimental Salmonella enteritidis infection in chickens AN - 39333463; 3626674 AU - Seo, KH AU - Holt, P S AU - Stone, H D AU - Green, C AU - Gast, R K Y1 - 2001/10/29/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 29 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39333463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mucosal+humoral+immunity+to+experimental+Salmonella+enteritidis+infection+in+chickens&rft.au=Seo%2C+KH%3BHolt%2C+P+S%3BStone%2C+H+D%3BGreen%2C+C%3BGast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Seo&rft.aufirst=KH&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322-2863, USA; phone: 800-369-6337; fax: 515-276-8655; URL: www.foodprotection.org. Poster Paper No. P66 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling non-linear survival curves to calculate thermal inactivation of Salmonella in poultry of different fat levels AN - 18298841; 5353873 AB - Survival curves of a cocktail of eight serotypes of Salmonella in ground poultry of different fat levels (1-12%), when heated rapidly to specified temperatures (58-65 degree C), were examined. Because many of the survival curves were concave, values for two parameters: the asymptotic D-value and the "lag" times were estimated and used to develop secondary models for estimating the time needed to obtain a 7 log sub(10) relative reduction as a function of fat level and temperature. To compute the necessary time, at a given temperature and fat level, the estimated lag time should be added to the product of 7 and the estimated asymptotic D-value. A model was also developed for estimating the standard error of the estimated times, so that upper confidence bounds for the necessary times can be computed. It was found that lag times increase with higher fat levels. The effect of fat on D-values depended on the species; it is estimated that, for a given increase of fat level, the increase of the D-value would be greater for ground chicken than that for ground turkey. In addition, there was a statistically significant species effect on D-values, with higher D-values for ground turkey than for ground chicken at the higher temperatures studied. The thermal death curves displayed a non-linear tendency, however, for estimation purposes, a linear curve was assumed. There was not a statistically significant interaction effect of fat levels and temperatures on D-values, thus, for modeling, it was assumed that z-values were not dependent on the fat levels. The z-values for ground chicken and turkey were estimated to be 5.5 degree C and 6.1 degree C, respectively, and are statistically significantly different. These findings should have substantial practical importance to food processors of cooked poultry, allowing them to vary their thermal treatment of ready-to-eat poultry products in a safe manner. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Juneja, V K AU - Eblen, B S AU - Marks, H M AD - Food Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, vjuneja@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2001/10/22/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 22 SP - 37 EP - 51 VL - 70 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - survival curves KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Poultry KW - Mathematical models KW - Food contamination KW - Salmonella KW - Heat inactivation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18298841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Modeling+non-linear+survival+curves+to+calculate+thermal+inactivation+of+Salmonella+in+poultry+of+different+fat+levels&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BEblen%2C+B+S%3BMarks%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2001-10-22&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Poultry; Heat inactivation; Mathematical models; Food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus losses in subsurface flow before and after manure application to intensively farmed land. AN - 72219747; 11669260 AB - A study was conducted to examine the loss of P in subsurface flow from three cultivated soils of varying soil P concentrations. Measurements were made in flow waters from the soils before applying manure and then 3 weeks after sowing the soils to grass. An additional measurement of P in flow waters was made 1 year later. Dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations measured in flow water before (0.15-0.20 mg l(-1)) and after (0.39-0.51 mg l(-1)) manure application exceed current estimates of those required to promote surface water eutrophication (0.05 mg l(-1)). Concentrations of DRP1 year after manurial application increased compared to 3 weeks after application and was attributed to the slow movement of P down the cultivated soil. Concentrations of soil P were significantly increased down the soil profile and attributed to the P saturation of soils before manurial application. The results suggest that despite the establishment of fast growing grass, P concentrations would not be mitigated in the short-term (= 1 year), due to the large contribution of P in subsurface pathways. JF - The Science of the total environment AU - McDowell, R W AU - Sharpley, A N AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-3702, USA. richard.mcdowell@agresearch.co.nz Y1 - 2001/10/20/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 20 SP - 113 EP - 125 VL - 278 IS - 1-3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Manure KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Eutrophication KW - Poaceae -- growth & development KW - Water Movements KW - Poaceae -- chemistry KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72219747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+losses+in+subsurface+flow+before+and+after+manure+application+to+intensively+farmed+land.&rft.au=McDowell%2C+R+W%3BSharpley%2C+A+N&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-20&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endothelin-1 induces phosphorylation of GATA-4 transcription factor in the HL-1 atrial-muscle cell line. AN - 71212486; 11583584 AB - The transcription factor GATA-4 plays a central role in the regulation of cardiac-muscle gene transcription. The present study demonstrates that endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces GATA-4 activation and phosphorylation. The treatment of HL-1 adult mouse atrial-muscle cells with ET-1 (30 nM) caused a rapid increase in the DNA binding activity of GATA-4 within 3 min. The activation was associated with an upward mobility shift of the GATA-4 band on native PAGE in an electrophoretic- mobility-shift assay. The upward shift of the GATA-4 band also occurred on SDS/PAGE as monitored by immunoblotting. The in vitro treatment of nuclear extracts with lambda-protein phosphatase abolished the upward shift, indicating that GATA-4 was phosphorylated. ET-1 activated the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the MAPK kinase (MEK) within 3 min, and PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of MEK) abolished the ET-1-induced GATA-4 phosphorylation. PMA also caused the rapid activation of MAPK and the phosphorylation of GATA-4. In contrast, the activation of MAPK by phenylephrine or H(2)O(2) was weak and did not lead to GATA-4 phosphorylation. Thus ET-1 induces a GATA-4 phosphorylation by activating a MEK-MAPK pathway. JF - The Biochemical journal AU - Kitta, K AU - Clément, S A AU - Remeika, J AU - Blumberg, J B AU - Suzuki, Y J AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 2001/10/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 15 SP - 375 EP - 380 VL - 359 SN - 0264-6021, 0264-6021 KW - 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Endothelin-1 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Flavonoids KW - GATA4 Transcription Factor KW - Transcription Factors KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases KW - EC 2.7.12.2 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Myocardium -- metabolism KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases -- metabolism KW - Phosphorylation KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation -- drug effects KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Flavonoids -- pharmacology KW - Cell Line KW - Endothelin-1 -- physiology KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factors -- chemistry KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71212486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=Endothelin-1+induces+phosphorylation+of+GATA-4+transcription+factor+in+the+HL-1+atrial-muscle+cell+line.&rft.au=Kitta%2C+K%3BCl%C3%A9ment%2C+S+A%3BRemeika%2C+J%3BBlumberg%2C+J+B%3BSuzuki%2C+Y+J&rft.aulast=Kitta&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-10-15&rft.volume=359&rft.issue=&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 Apr;20(4):989-97 [10764663] Am J Physiol. 1999 Jul;277(1 Pt 2):H324-30 [10409212] Mol Cell Biochem. 2000 Nov;214(1-2):111-9 [11195782] Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 May;280(5):R1399-406 [11294760] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Nature. 1988 Mar 31;332(6163):411-5 [2451132] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Nov 15;164(3):1431-6 [2531580] J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 5;265(31):19271-8 [1699944] J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 25;265(33):20555-62 [2173712] Circ Res. 1991 Jul;69(1):209-15 [2054934] Circ Res. 1992 Nov;71(5):1039-48 [1394868] FEBS Lett. 1993 Feb 15;317(3):271-5 [8381095] J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 5;268(7):5332-8 [8444907] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Apr;13(4):2235-46 [8455608] Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Oct;13(10):6290-303 [8413228] J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 14;269(2):1110-9 [7507104] Circulation. 1994 May;89(5):2198-203 [8181145] J Biol Chem. 1994 Jun 17;269(24):16589-96 [8206977] Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Jul;14(7):4947-57 [8007990] J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 8;269(27):17772-5 [8027030] J Immunol. 1994 Dec 1;153(11):5008-15 [7963561] J Biol Chem. 1995 Feb 24;270(8):4101-7 [7876160] J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 23;270(25):15320-6 [7541039] J Biol Chem. 1995 Nov 17;270(46):27489-94 [7499206] J Biol Chem. 1996 Feb 9;271(6):3221-8 [8621724] Circulation. 1996 Jun 1;93(11):2068-79 [8640984] J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1996 Mar;28(3):579-88 [9011641] Cardiovasc Res. 1996 Nov;32(5):920-9 [8944823] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jul 8;94(14):7543-8 [9207128] Hypertension. 1997 Nov;30(5):1198-203 [9369276] Am J Physiol. 1997 Dec;273(6 Pt 2):H2678-86 [9435604] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Mar 17;95(6):2979-84 [9501201] Cell. 1998 Apr 17;93(2):215-28 [9568714] Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jun;18(6):3120-9 [9584153] Science. 1998 Sep 11;281(5383):1690-3 [9733519] J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 30;274(18):12819-26 [10212268] Blood. 1999 Jul 1;94(1):87-96 [10381501] Gene. 1999 Jul 8;234(2):297-305 [10395902] J Biol Chem. 2000 May 5;275(18):13721-6 [10788492] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Loblolly pine needle decomposition and nutrient dynamics as affected by irrigation, fertilization, and substrate quality AN - 18189560; 5182723 AB - This study examined the effects of initial litter quality and irrigation and fertilization treatments on litter decomposition rates and nutrient dynamics (N, Ca, K, Mg, and P) of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pine needles in the North Carolina Sand Hills over 3 years. Litter quality was based on the initial C/N ratios, with the high-quality litter having a significantly ( P<0.001 ) lower C/N ratio ( 143 plus or minus 2.5 ) compared with the low quality litter ( 172 plus or minus 1.3 ). Initial litter quality and the irrigation treatment did not significantly affect decomposition rates but the fertilization treatment effects were significant. Low quality needles on fertilized plots had higher decomposition rates ( k=0.36 plus or minus 0.01 year super(-1) for the fertilized and irrigated + fertilized plots) than on unfertilized plots ( k=0.26 plus or minus 0.01 and 0.28 plus or minus 0.01 year super(-1) for the control and irrigated plots, respectively). The decomposing litter was a net sink for P and N and a net source of Mg, Ca, and especially K. Whereas initial substrate quality did not affect decomposition rates, it did affect the rate of release. Compared to the low quality litter, the high quality litter released K at a higher rate, released Mg at a lower rate, and accumulated N at a higher rate. Fertilization decreased the rate of release of Mg and K in high-quality litter and Mg and Ca in low quality litter. In addition, fertilization increased the rate of accumulation of P in both. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Sanchez, F G AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 3041 Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12254, Research Triangle Park, NC USA Y1 - 2001/10/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 15 SP - 85 EP - 96 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 152 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Loblolly pine KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Litter KW - Trees KW - Plant Physiology KW - Pinus taeda KW - Irrigation KW - Pine Trees KW - Leaves KW - Nutrients KW - Nutrient dynamics KW - Decomposition KW - Fertilizers KW - Fertilization KW - Irrigation Effects KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18189560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Loblolly+pine+needle+decomposition+and+nutrient+dynamics+as+affected+by+irrigation%2C+fertilization%2C+and+substrate+quality&rft.au=Sanchez%2C+F+G&rft.aulast=Sanchez&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-10-15&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Fertilization; Irrigation; Leaves; Nutrient dynamics; Decomposition; Litter; Fertilizers; Plant Physiology; Trees; Pine Trees; Nutrients; Irrigation Effects; Pinus taeda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soricid abundance in partial overstory removal harvests and riparian areas in an industrial forest landscape of the central Appalachians AN - 18186642; 5182729 AB - Within eastern North America, soricid (shrew) diversity reaches its peak in the central and southern Appalachians. Though shrews are an important component of Appalachian mammalian fauna, most species are small, cryptic, and little studied. The understanding of basic life history and habitat preferences is considered problematic. To assess the response of soricids to partial overstory timber harvest, and to investigate the importance of riparian areas to soricids, we conducted pitfall trapping surveys during the summers of 1996-1998 in the Westvaco Ecosystem Research Forest. Pitfall transect lines were established in uncut control forest stands in upland sites, along uncut forest stands in riparian areas, and in upland stands subjected to heavy diameter-limit cutting or two-aged regeneration methods. Diameter-limit and two-aged regeneration harvests occurred in 1996 following our initial pitfall survey effort. Riparian areas were surveyed within the area that would constitute a Streamside Management Zone under West Virginia's Best Management Practices guidelines. During 10,560 trapnights, we collected masked shrews (Sorex cinereus), rock shrews (S. dispar), smokey shrews (S. fumeus), pygmy shrews (S. hoyi), and northern short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda). Of species collected in sufficient numbers to analyze statistically across treatments, the relative abundance of masked shrews, smokey shrews, and northern short-tailed shrews did not differ among harvest sites and control sites for any year, either pre-harvest or post-harvest. Uncut, control sites had higher relative abundances than did riparian sites of masked shrews in 1996 and of smokey shrews in 1997. Collections of all species were poorly correlated with most micro-habitat variables we collected. Rock shrews were restricted to uncut upland sites at higher elevations with large amounts of emergent rock. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Ford, WM AU - Rodrigue, J L AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Box 404, 26287 Parsons, WV USA Y1 - 2001/10/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 15 SP - 159 EP - 168 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 152 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Long-tailed shrew KW - Masked shrew KW - Northern short-tailed shrew KW - Pygmy shrew KW - Smokey shrew KW - USA, West Virginia KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Riparian Vegetation KW - Sorex fumeus KW - Abundance KW - Sorex hoyi KW - Sorex cinereus KW - Forests KW - Forest Management KW - Ecology KW - Blarina brevicauda KW - Riparian Land KW - Riparian environments KW - Sorex dispar KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18186642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Soricid+abundance+in+partial+overstory+removal+harvests+and+riparian+areas+in+an+industrial+forest+landscape+of+the+central+Appalachians&rft.au=Ford%2C+WM%3BRodrigue%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=2001-10-15&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://fishbull.noaa.gov/982/05.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Abundance; Riparian environments; Ecology; Riparian Vegetation; Riparian Land; Forests; Forest Management; Blarina brevicauda; Sorex fumeus; Sorex hoyi; Sorex cinereus; Sorex dispar ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental manipulation of spatial heterogeneity in Douglas-fir forests: effects on squirrels AN - 18089655; 5182718 AB - Squirrel communities simultaneously composed of abundant populations of Glaucomys, Tamias, and Tamiasciurus are: (1) a result of high production of seeds and fruiting bodies by forest plants and fungi and complexity of ecosystem structure, composition, and function; (2) indicative of high carrying capacity for vertebrate predators and (3) characteristic of old, natural forests in the Pacific northwest, USA. I hypothesized that silvicultural manipulation of canopies of second-growth forests could result in spatial heterogeneity that would reproduce the biocomplexity and plant-fungal productivity associated with high squirrel populations. I predicted that accelerating biocomplexity would require greater than or equal to 20 years, but short-term effects of induced heterogeneity would be apparent in 5 years: initial decreases followed by increases in Glaucomys populations, nonlinear increases in Tamias populations, and little change in Tamiasciurus populations. If my predictions proved accurate, confidence in long-term predictions would be enhanced. I chose 16 13-ha stands with two different management histories for a randomized block experiment and began measuring squirrel populations in 1991. Variable-density thinnings were implemented in spring 1993. Fall and spring populations were measured through fall 1998. Populations responded as predicted, except for a treatment-management history interaction. Previous conventional thinnings altered ecosystem function such that low Glaucomys populations failed to respond to treatment. Variable-density thinning, in conjunction with retention of biological legacies and management of decadence, could possibly accelerate biocomplexity in second-growth forest that mimics that in old, natural forests. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Carey, AB AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3625 93rd Avenue, 98512 Olympia, WA USA Y1 - 2001/10/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 15 SP - 13 EP - 30 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 152 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - New world flying squirrels KW - Chipmunks KW - Chickarees KW - Red squirrels KW - Douglas-fir KW - Douglas spruce KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - USA, Northwest KW - Spatial heterogeneity KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Glaucomys KW - Tamiasciurus KW - Tamias KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18089655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Experimental+manipulation+of+spatial+heterogeneity+in+Douglas-fir+forests%3A+effects+on+squirrels&rft.au=Carey%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2001-10-15&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glaucomys; Tamias; Tamiasciurus; Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, Northwest; Spatial heterogeneity; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adjuvant effects of IL-1 beta , IL-2, IL-8, IL-15, IFN- alpha , IFN- gamma TGF- beta 4 and lymphotactin on DNA vaccination against Eimeria acervulina AN - 18217829; 5279995 AB - Eight chicken cytokine genes (IL-1 beta , IL-2, IL-8, IL-15, IFN- alpha , IFN- gamma , TGF- beta 4, lymphotactin) were evaluated for their adjuvant effect on a suboptimal dose of an Eimeria DNA vaccine carrying the 3-1E parasite gene (pcDNA3-1E). Chickens were given two subcutaneous injections with 50 mu g of the pcDNA3-1E vaccine plus a cytokine expression plasmid 2 weeks apart and challenged with Eimeria acervulina 1 week later. IFN- alpha (1 mu g) or 10 mu g of lymphotactin expressing plasmids, when given simultaneously with the pcDNA3-1E vaccine, significantly protected against body weight loss induced by E. acervulina. Parasite replication was significantly reduced in chickens given the pcDNA3-1E vaccine along with 10 mu g of the IL-8, lymphotactin, IFN- gamma , IL-15, TGF- beta 4, or IL-1 beta plasmids compared with chickens given the pcDNA3-1E vaccine alone. Flow cytometric analysis of duodenum intraepithelial lymphocytes showed chickens that received the pcDNA3-1E vaccine simultaneously with the IL-8 or IL-15 genes had significantly increased CD3 super(+) cells compared with vaccination using pcDNA3-1E alone or in combination with the other cytokine genes tested. These results indicate that the type and the dose of cytokine genes injected into chickens influence the quality of the local immune response to DNA vaccination against coccidiosis. JF - Vaccine AU - Min, W AU - Lillehoj, H S AU - Burnside, J AU - Weining, K C AU - Staeheli, P AU - Zhu, J J AD - Parasite Biology, Epidemiology, Systematics Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, BARC-East, Building 1040, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10/12/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 12 SP - 267 EP - 274 VL - 20 IS - 1-2 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - chickens KW - alpha -Interferon KW - lymphotactin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - a-Interferon KW - ^a-Interferon KW - Eimeria acervulina KW - Plasmids KW - Flow cytometry KW - DNA vaccines KW - Cytokines KW - Vaccines KW - K 03086:Immunology & vaccination KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18217829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Adjuvant+effects+of+IL-1+beta+%2C+IL-2%2C+IL-8%2C+IL-15%2C+IFN-+alpha+%2C+IFN-+gamma+TGF-+beta+4+and+lymphotactin+on+DNA+vaccination+against+Eimeria+acervulina&rft.au=Min%2C+W%3BLillehoj%2C+H+S%3BBurnside%2C+J%3BWeining%2C+K+C%3BStaeheli%2C+P%3BZhu%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Min&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-10-12&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eimeria acervulina; Cytokines; DNA vaccines; Vaccines; Plasmids; Flow cytometry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monarch larvae sensitivity to Bacillus thuringiensis- purified proteins and pollen. AN - 72183097; 11559841 AB - Laboratory tests were conducted to establish the relative toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins and pollen from Bt corn to monarch larvae. Toxins tested included Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry9C, and Cry1F. Three methods were used: (i) purified toxins incorporated into artificial diet, (ii) pollen collected from Bt corn hybrids applied directly to milkweed leaf discs, and (iii) Bt pollen contaminated with corn tassel material applied directly to milkweed leaf discs. Bioassays of purified Bt toxins indicate that Cry9C and Cry1F proteins are relatively nontoxic to monarch first instars, whereas first instars are sensitive to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac proteins. Older instars were 12 to 23 times less susceptible to Cry1Ab toxin compared with first instars. Pollen bioassays suggest that pollen contaminants, an artifact of pollen processing, can dramatically influence larval survival and weight gains and produce spurious results. The only transgenic corn pollen that consistently affected monarch larvae was from Cry1Ab event 176 hybrids, currently <2% corn planted and for which re-registration has not been applied. Results from the other types of Bt corn suggest that pollen from the Cry1Ab (events Bt11 and Mon810) and Cry1F, and experimental Cry9C hybrids, will have no acute effects on monarch butterfly larvae in field settings. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Hellmich, R L AU - Siegfried, B D AU - Sears, M K AU - Stanley-Horn, D E AU - Daniels, M J AU - Mattila, H R AU - Spencer, T AU - Bidne, K G AU - Lewis, L C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. rlhellmi@iastate.edu Y1 - 2001/10/09/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 09 SP - 11925 EP - 11930 VL - 98 IS - 21 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - Insecticides KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Zea mays KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Larva KW - Biological Assay KW - Pollen KW - Female KW - Butterflies -- drug effects KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Bacterial Toxins -- isolation & purification KW - Endotoxins -- isolation & purification KW - Bacterial Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Bacterial Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Insecticides -- isolation & purification KW - Bacterial Toxins -- pharmacology KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Endotoxins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72183097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Monarch+larvae+sensitivity+to+Bacillus+thuringiensis-+purified+proteins+and+pollen.&rft.au=Hellmich%2C+R+L%3BSiegfried%2C+B+D%3BSears%2C+M+K%3BStanley-Horn%2C+D+E%3BDaniels%2C+M+J%3BMattila%2C+H+R%3BSpencer%2C+T%3BBidne%2C+K+G%3BLewis%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Hellmich&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-09&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=11925&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-28 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Oct 9;98(21):11931-6 [11559839] J Econ Entomol. 2000 Aug;93(4):1265-8 [10985041] Nature. 1999 May 20;399(6733):214 [10353241] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Oct 9;98(21):11919-24 [11559840] Plant Mol Biol. 1992 Feb;18(4):675-89 [1313711] Comment In: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Oct 23;98(22):12328-30 [11675483] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating nitrogen management options for reducing nitrate leaching from northeast U.S. pastures. AN - 71380866; 12805889 AB - Substantial amounts of nitrate nitrogen NO3-N can leach from intensively grazed pasture in the northeast U.S. where there is about 30 cm of groundwater recharge, annually. Management options for reducing NO3-N leaching were evaluated for this environment using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System Model and a recently developed nitrogen leaching index. Management options utilizing energy supplementation of grazing dairy cows could improve nitrogen efficiency within the cow, but would not necessarily reduce NO3-N leaching at the pasture scale if stocking rate was not controlled. The management option of using white clover to supply nitrogen to the pasture decreased NO3-N leaching, but produced less dry matter yield, which in turn reduced stocking rate. The economic returns of reducing NO3-N with these options need to be evaluated in light of milk prices and commodity and fertilizer nitrogen costs. At current prices and costs, the economic benefit from the energy supplementation options is substantial. JF - TheScientificWorldJournal AU - Stout, W L AU - Delahoy, J E AU - Muller, L D AU - Saporito, L S AD - The United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ws1@psu.edu Y1 - 2001/10/09/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 09 SP - 887 EP - 891 VL - 1 Suppl 2 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Animal Feed KW - New England KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Nitrogen -- analysis KW - Nitrates -- analysis KW - Dairying KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71380866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.atitle=Evaluating+nitrogen+management+options+for+reducing+nitrate+leaching+from+northeast+U.S.+pastures.&rft.au=Stout%2C+W+L%3BDelahoy%2C+J+E%3BMuller%2C+L+D%3BSaporito%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-10-09&rft.volume=1+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=887&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.issn=1537-744X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in commercial broiler hatcheries. AN - 72390215; 11785877 AB - Clostridium perfringens, a cause of human foodborne and poultry disease, has been isolated from the intestinal tract of poultry and from the processed carcass. Little is known about the incidence and sources of this pathogen in the poultry production environment. To determine if the broiler hatchery is a possible source of C. perfringens, we collected samples from three hatcheries, each operated by a different poultry integrator, and the presence of C. perfringens in these samples was determined. For each sampling period, eggshell fragments, chick fluff from the hatcher, and paper pads stored in the hatchery before use with chicks and after placement beneath chicks for 1 hr were evaluated. Clostridium perfringens was found in eggshell fragments, fluff, and paper pads in each of the three hatcheries. The percentages of C. perfringens-positive samples from the three hatcheries ranged from 13% to 23%, with an overall incidence of 20%. Positive samples were consistently found, i.e., detected on each of the nine sampling days (three sampling days for each of three hatcheries). These results suggest that the hatchery is a potential source/reservoir for C. perfringens in the integrated poultry operation. JF - Avian diseases AU - Craven, S E AU - Cox, N A AU - Stern, N J AU - Mauldin, J M AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 1050 EP - 1053 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Index Medicus KW - Disease Reservoirs -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Prevalence KW - Chickens KW - Clostridium perfringens -- isolation & purification KW - Clostridium Infections -- epidemiology KW - Poultry Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Clostridium Infections -- veterinary KW - Poultry Diseases -- microbiology KW - Clostridium Infections -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72390215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+diseases&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+commercial+broiler+hatcheries.&rft.au=Craven%2C+S+E%3BCox%2C+N+A%3BStern%2C+N+J%3BMauldin%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Craven&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1050&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sample preparation methods for PCR detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on beef chuck shoulder using a single enrichment medium. AN - 72344279; 11735298 AB - To improve the utility of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for food samples, methods for preparing template DNA were developed to remove PCR inhibitors. Beef chuck shoulder medallions, artificially contaminated, individually or in combination, with Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 strain FSIS 45753-35, Salmonella typhimurium DT104 strain 13HP, or Listeria monocytogenes strain Scott A at concentrations of 10, 1 and 0.5 cfu/cm(2)were swabbed with a sponge, and the sponges were enriched for 18 h at 37 degrees C in universal pre-enrichment broth (UPB). Enriched broth cultures (EBC), cell pellets (CP), or phosphate-buffered saline-washed cell pellets (PBSCP) from enriched sponge samples were compared for detection of E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium DT104, or L. monocytogenes by the PCR using the BAX(TM)system. Recovery of the three organisms was effective for detection of each pathogen at initial levels of 10, 1 and 0.5 cfu/cm(2)when inoculated separately, or in combination, onto the beef samples. Use of EBC, CP, or PBSCP of sponge-swabbed samples eliminated problems associated with inhibition of the PCR by food components, time-consuming extraction of DNA, and inhibition due to large amounts of non-target DNA derived from the food. The procedure involving enrichment of sponge-swabbed beef samples in UPB followed by PCR amplification using EBC with the BAX system is the most efficient and simple method for detection of E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium DT104, and L. monocytogenes. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - Bhaduri, S AU - Cottrell, B AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. sbhaduri@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 267 EP - 274 VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Culture Media -- chemistry KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72344279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=Sample+preparation+methods+for+PCR+detection+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7%2C+Salmonella+typhimurium%2C+and+Listeria+monocytogenes+on+beef+chuck+shoulder+using+a+single+enrichment+medium.&rft.au=Bhaduri%2C+S%3BCottrell%2C+B&rft.aulast=Bhaduri&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accumulation and consumption of odorous compounds in feedlot soils under aerobic, fermentative, and anaerobic respiratory conditions. AN - 72297814; 11721828 AB - Agricultural odors present an increasingly difficult challenge to livestock producers, yet very little information is available on the microbiology of odor production or microbial factors that regulate the emission of odors. This study examined the microbial potential for odor production and odor consumption in two soils from a cattle production facility in central Nebraska. The two soils tested were collected from a feedlot pen and a runoff ditch below the pen and contained high- and low-fecal matter content, respectively. These soils were tested for their ability to produce and consume a mixture of VFA and aromatic compounds (phenols and indoles) under aerobic, fermentative, and anaerobic respiratory conditions, with NO3-, Fe(III), Mn(IV), and SO4(2-) serving as anaerobic terminal electron acceptors, over a 6-wk incubation. The pen soil had greater (P < 0.05) initial total VFA content (40 micromol/g soil) and produced more VFA during incubation than the feedlot ditch soil, whereas total aromatic compound concentrations were not significantly different between soils. The general pattern of odor compound accumulation and consumption did not differ between soils. Oxygen and nitrate treatments produced very little VFA and consumed acetate more rapidly than the other treatments, which produced large quantities of short-chain VFA and consumed acetate only after all other VFA were consumed. When VFA and aromatic compound consumption was compared across all the treatments, aerobic incubation proved most effective, and all compounds were rapidly consumed by the second day of incubation. Of the anaerobic treatments examined, nitrate proved most effective, followed by Fe, with VFA consumed by d 5 and 21, respectively. Anaerobic incubation with sulfate produced more VFA than the fermentative incubation, and anaerobic incubation with oxidized Mn produced the largest quantities of VFA, which remained high throughout the six-wk incubation. Aromatic compounds were more easily consumed aerobically and were only slowly consumed in the anaerobic treatments. We conclude from this study that cattle feedlot soils possessed a varying, potentially exploitable capacity for odor consumption when alternate electron acceptors were available. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Miller, D N AD - US Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA. miller@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 2503 EP - 2512 VL - 79 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile KW - 0 KW - Indoles KW - Manure KW - Nitrates KW - Phenols KW - Soil KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Sulfates KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Manganese -- metabolism KW - Fermentation KW - Oxygen -- metabolism KW - Nitrates -- metabolism KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Iron -- metabolism KW - Sulfates -- metabolism KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Cattle KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Aerobiosis KW - Nebraska KW - Anaerobiosis KW - Manure -- microbiology KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Odorants -- prevention & control KW - Soil Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Phenols -- metabolism KW - Indoles -- metabolism KW - Fatty Acids, Volatile -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72297814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Accumulation+and+consumption+of+odorous+compounds+in+feedlot+soils+under+aerobic%2C+fermentative%2C+and+anaerobic+respiratory+conditions.&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic suppresses necrosis induced by selenite in human leukemia HL-60 cells. AN - 72247919; 11693998 AB - Selenium, an essential trace element for humans, has been shown to have anticancer effects. Arsenic, a possibly essential ultratrace element for humans, has been used in the treatment of leukemia. Anticancer effects of selenium and arsenic have been related to their ability to induce apoptosis. Because humans are exposed to diverse trace elements simultaneously, it is important to learn their interrelationship. In this study, we demonstrate that sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) causes apoptosis at 3 microM and necrosis at high concentrations (> 3 microM) in HL-60 cells. Similarly, both sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) at 50 microM and sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4) induce apoptosis at 500 microM and necrosis at higher concentrations (> 50 microM and > 500 microM, respectively) in HL-60 cells. Arsenite/arsenate, but not selenite, enhances AP-1 DNA-binding activity. This finding indicates different mechanisms through which apoptosis is induced by these two elements. Interestingly, we observed that HL-60 cell necrosis induced by a high concentration (> 3 microM) of selenite was essentially inhibited by arsenic (50 microM of NaAsO2 or 500 microM of Na2HAsO4), which resulted in a net effect of apoptosis. Because AP-1 DNA-binding activity was not induced in the presence of a combination of necrotic amount of selenite and apoptotic amount of arsenite/arsenate, the observed apoptosis apparently was through the mechanism used by selenite. Our results suggest, for the first time, that the toxic necrotic effect of selenite can be neutralized by arsenite/arsenate at the cellular level. JF - Biological trace element research AU - Zeng, H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-9034, USA. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1 EP - 15 VL - 83 IS - 1 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Cations KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - NF-kappa B KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Transcription Factors KW - heat shock transcription factor KW - JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - Sodium Selenite KW - HIW548RQ3W KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - HL-60 Cells KW - Humans KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- genetics KW - NF-kappa B -- genetics KW - Necrosis KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- genetics KW - Cations -- administration & dosage KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Cations -- pharmacology KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- metabolism KW - Sodium Selenite -- administration & dosage KW - Leukemia -- pathology KW - Leukemia -- drug therapy KW - Leukemia -- metabolism KW - Sodium Selenite -- pharmacology KW - Arsenic -- pharmacology KW - Arsenic -- administration & dosage KW - Leukemia -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72247919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.atitle=Arsenic+suppresses+necrosis+induced+by+selenite+in+human+leukemia+HL-60+cells.&rft.au=Zeng%2C+H&rft.aulast=Zeng&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+trace+element+research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-12 N1 - Date created - 2001-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cadmium bioavailability from edible sunflower kernels: a long-term study with men and women volunteers. AN - 72237827; 11683591 AB - Sunflower kernels (SFK) contain natural Cd in somewhat higher amounts than most other foods. This study was designed to determine if a change in the body burden of Cd could be measured in volunteers who consumed a controlled amount of SFK for 48 weeks. Healthy men and women between 23 and 59 years of age were divided into three groups each by age, sex, and weight. For 48 weeks, one group consumed 255 g (9 oz) of SFK/week, a second group consumed 113 g SFK and 142 g peanuts/week, and a third group consumed 255 g peanuts/week. SFK contained 0.52 microg Cd/g and peanuts contained 0.11 microg Cd/g. The consumption of 255 g SFK/week increased the average estimated intake of Cd from approximately 65 to approximately 175 microg/week. Although the consumption of Cd-containing SFK significantly increased the estimated Cd intake, there were no significant changes in Cd concentration in red blood cells, Cd excretion in the urine, or Cd concentrations in new hair growth. However, fecal Cd excretion significantly increased as the amount of SFK consumption increased. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, a marker for kidney dysfunctions, was not significantly changed by consuming SFK-Cd. Overall, the results suggest that the consumption of Cd in the form of SFK at 9 oz (255 g)/week for 48 week had no adverse effect on the body burden of Cd. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. JF - Environmental research AU - Reeves, P G AU - Nielsen, E J AU - O'Brien-Nimens, C AU - Vanderpool, R A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 Second Avenue North, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58203, USA. preeves@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 81 EP - 91 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Index Medicus KW - Arachis KW - Humans KW - Hair -- chemistry KW - Body Burden KW - Adult KW - Absorption KW - Middle Aged KW - Diet KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Biological Availability KW - Seeds -- chemistry KW - Helianthus -- chemistry KW - Cadmium -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72237827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Cadmium+bioavailability+from+edible+sunflower+kernels%3A+a+long-term+study+with+men+and+women+volunteers.&rft.au=Reeves%2C+P+G%3BNielsen%2C+E+J%3BO%27Brien-Nimens%2C+C%3BVanderpool%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insecticide susceptibility in Coptotermes formosanus and Reticulitermes virginicus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). AN - 72233199; 11681687 AB - Lethal time to mortality responses were established for eight insecticides against workers and soldiers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, and workers of Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks). There were significant differences in the tolerance ratios between workers of C. formosanus colonies to all toxicants tested except fipronil. One colony was 16 times more tolerant than another to deltamethin. C. formosanus soldiers had significant differences in tolerance ratios among colonies exposed to all toxicants except chlorpyrifos. Methoxychlor, permethrin, deltamethrin, and fipronil did not kill soldiers from two, one, one, and three colonies, respectively, within 8 h. Seventy-five percent of R. virginicus colonies were significantly less susceptible than the most susceptible colony to chlordane, methoxychlor, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and fipronil, with 50% of the colonies less susceptible to permethrin and bendiocarb. In 50% of C. formosanus colonies the worker lethal time curves displayed substantial flattening in response to permethrin, and deltamethrin. Lethal time curses for C. formosanus soldiers exposed to chlordane, chlorpyrifos, permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and bendiocarb showed substantial flattening. R. virginicus workers demonstrated substantial curve flattening when exposed to chlordane, methoxychlor, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, and fipronil. These findings indicate substantial intercolony and intra-colony differences in susceptibility to insecticides. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Osbrink, W L AU - Lax, A R AU - Brenner, R J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. osbrink@commserver.srrc.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1217 EP - 1228 VL - 94 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Carbamates KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Nitriles KW - Phenylcarbamates KW - Pyrazoles KW - Pyrethrins KW - Chlordan KW - 12789-03-6 KW - cypermethrin KW - 1TR49121NP KW - decamethrin KW - 2JTS8R821G KW - Permethrin KW - 509F88P9SZ KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - JCS58I644W KW - bendiocarb KW - QFH0ZU0A5U KW - fipronil KW - QGH063955F KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Chlordan -- pharmacology KW - Carbamates -- pharmacology KW - Pyrazoles -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Permethrin -- pharmacology KW - Pyrethrins -- pharmacology KW - Chlorpyrifos -- pharmacology KW - Methoxychlor -- pharmacology KW - Isoptera -- growth & development KW - Isoptera -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Insect Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72233199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Insecticide+susceptibility+in+Coptotermes+formosanus+and+Reticulitermes+virginicus+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermitidae%29.&rft.au=Osbrink%2C+W+L%3BLax%2C+A+R%3BBrenner%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Osbrink&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-03 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative field stability of selected entomopathogenic virus formulations. AN - 72231536; 11681663 AB - Nucleopolyhedroviruses originally isolated from Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) and Autographa californica (Speyer) were formulated with various ingredients using a spray dry method and tested for residual field activity in Illinois and Mississippi. In Mississippi, field tests were conducted on cotton in 1997, whereas in Illinois tests were conducted on cabbage in 1997 and 1998. Within 24 h, significant differences were observed among formulations in all tests. Unformulated virus had significantly less insecticidal activity than formulated virus and formulations containing lignin retained activity significantly longer than other formulations. Relatively small amounts of Blankophor BBH, when encapsulated within the formulation, did not greatly enhance (>10x) insecticidal activity based on LC50 determinations nor prolong insecticidal activity based on field evaluations. In most tests, >50% activity remained in formulations containing lignin, whereas unformulated virus retained <50% activity within 24 h after application. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - McGuire, M R AU - Tamez-Guerra, P AU - Behle, R W AU - Streett, D A AD - Bioactive Agents Research Unit, USDA-REE-ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604-3902, USA. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1037 EP - 1044 VL - 94 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Illinois KW - Seasons KW - Mississippi KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- physiology KW - Moths -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72231536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Comparative+field+stability+of+selected+entomopathogenic+virus+formulations.&rft.au=McGuire%2C+M+R%3BTamez-Guerra%2C+P%3BBehle%2C+R+W%3BStreett%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=McGuire&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-03 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of aerial spray volume, coverage, and abamectin on Scirtothrips perseae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). AN - 72230792; 11681670 AB - Helicopter applications using abamectin in different spray volumes were made against Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara in Ventura County, CA. On small (2.2 m tall) trees, spray coverage on water-sensitive papers was 24-48% and 43-97% for 468 and 935 liter/ha volume treatments, respectively. On large (6.2-8.1 m tall) trees, spray coverage was lower and quite variable, from 1 to 28% and 10 to 70% for 468 and 935 liter/ha treatments, respectively. On small trees, 468, 701, and 935 liter/ha with a high abamectin rate (26 g [AI]/ha) were equally effective against larvae from 13 to 27 d after treatment (DAT). On medium (4.2 m tall) trees, 468 and 935 liter/ha with the high rate were equally effective from 23 to 113 DAT. On large (6.5-8.1 m tall) trees, 468 and 935 liter/ha with a low abamectin rate (13 g [AI]/ha) were ineffective in three tests. In a fourth large (6.8 m tall) tree test, 468 and 935 liter/ha with the high rate were effective at 3 and 37 DAT. In a fifth large (6.2 m tall) tree test, 468-1,403 liter/ha with the high and 935 liter/ha with the low rate were equally effective 2-22 DAT. After all effective treatments, thrips numbers were lower than in controls for 1-3 mo. However, stable and highest reductions in populations were sometimes delayed until 20-23 DAT even when coverage was high. The variability in spray coverage on the lower levels of large trees and the delayed effect may explain inconsistencies in the reporting of or in actual aerial application results. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Yee, W L AU - Phillips, P A AU - Faber, B A AD - Cooperative Extension, University of California, Ventura 93003, USA. wlyee@yarl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1090 EP - 1096 VL - 94 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - abamectin KW - 5U8924T11H KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Aircraft KW - Persea KW - Ivermectin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72230792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+aerial+spray+volume%2C+coverage%2C+and+abamectin+on+Scirtothrips+perseae+%28Thysanoptera%3A+Thripidae%29.&rft.au=Yee%2C+W+L%3BPhillips%2C+P+A%3BFaber%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Yee&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1090&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-03 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of chemical components of corn kernel pericarp wax associated with resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin production. AN - 72200715; 11600000 AB - Kernel pericarp wax of the corn breeding population GT-MAS:gk has been associated with resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin production. GT-MAS:gk wax, previously compared to waxes of three susceptible genotypes, was presently compared to wax of a different, and more numerous, group of susceptible lines. Wax separation by TLC confirmed previous findings, demonstrating a unique GT-MAS:gk band and a unique "susceptible" band. Only GT-MAS:gk wax inhibited the growth of A. flavus; however, no association was established, as before, between kernel wax abundance and resistance. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of kernel whole wax showed a higher percentage of phenol-like compounds in wax from GT-MAS:gk than in waxes from the susceptible lines. The GT-MAS:gk unique band contained phenol-like compounds and ethyl-hexadecanoate; butyl-hexadecanoate was preeminent in most of the "susceptible bands". Alkylresorcinol (phenolic compounds) content was dramatically higher in GT-MAS:gk wax than in the wax of susceptible lines. An alkylresorcinol, 5-methylresorcinol, also inhibited in vitro growth of A. flavus. These and other phenolic compounds may contribute to kernel wax inhibition of A. flavus infection/aflatoxin production. Further investigation is needed to confirm a role for them in GT-MAS:gk resistance. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Gembeh, S V AU - Brown, R L AU - Grimm, C AU - Cleveland, T E AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS), New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 4635 EP - 4641 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Resorcinols KW - Waxes KW - orcinol KW - 534PMB3438 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Resorcinols -- analysis KW - Resorcinols -- pharmacology KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Waxes -- isolation & purification KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Plant Structures -- chemistry KW - Aspergillus flavus -- growth & development KW - Aspergillus flavus -- drug effects KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Plant Diseases -- genetics KW - Waxes -- chemistry KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism KW - Waxes -- pharmacology KW - Zea mays -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72200715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+of+chemical+components+of+corn+kernel+pericarp+wax+associated+with+resistance+to+Aspergillus+flavus+infection+and+aflatoxin+production.&rft.au=Gembeh%2C+S+V%3BBrown%2C+R+L%3BGrimm%2C+C%3BCleveland%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Gembeh&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality of irradiated alfalfa sproutst. AN - 72198221; 11601707 AB - Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) sprouts were irradiated with gamma rays at doses of 0, 0.85, 1.71, and 2.57 kGy at 5 degrees C. then stored at 6 degrees C for 14 days. Antioxidant power, total ascorbic acid (TAA) (ascorbic acid plus dehydroascorbic acid), carotenoid, chlorophyll, and color were measured at 1, 7, and 14 days of storage. Antioxidant power increased linearly with radiation dose at both 1 and 7 days of storage. Irradiation had minimal effect on TAA content when compared with the decrease in TAA content during storage. Carotenoid content of sprouts irradiated at 1.71 and 2.57 kGy was higher than that of control at 7 days of storage. Irradiation did not have a consistent effect on chlorophyll content or color. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Fan, X AU - Thayer, D W AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. xfan@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1574 EP - 1578 VL - 64 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Antioxidants -- analysis KW - Color -- standards KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Medicago sativa -- radiation effects KW - Medicago sativa -- standards KW - Food Handling -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72198221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Quality+of+irradiated+alfalfa+sproutst.&rft.au=Fan%2C+X%3BThayer%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Fan&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beef cattle losses after grazing Lupinus argenteus (silvery lupine). AN - 71205192; 11577932 AB - Ten yearling steers weighing 270-360 kg died acutely after eating early seed pod stage Lupinus argenteus (silvery lupine) containing high levels of piperidine alkaloids, including ammodendrine and N-methylammodendrine. Reduced availability of Quality feed from range moderately depleted of Quality grasses appeared a major factor in causing the cattle to graze lupine. Proximate analysis of whole plant, seed pods and seed showed high levels of crude protein ranging from 16.4 to 48% for whole plant and seed. Alkaloid analysis of the whole plant and individual plant parts such as seed and seed pods (30-40% seed shatter) showed total alkaloid levels ranging from 0.70 to 2.5% (0.70-2.5 mg/100 mg plant) dry weight. Ammodendrine levels ranged from 0.24% in seed pods with >70% seed loss to 1.35% in early growth plant with no seed. N-methylammodendrine levels ranged from 0.38% in seed pods with >70 % seed shatter to 1.04 % in pure seed. Other minor alkaloids totaled 0.08% in seed pods with >70% seed shatter to 0.60% in early growth plant before seed pod formation. These cattle ate an estimated 1.8 g/kg dry weight (486 g to 648 g) of lupine in 24 h. This appears the first report of acute death in cattle associated with piperidine alkaloid-containing Lupinus argenteus. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Panter, K E AU - Mayland, H F AU - Gardner, D R AU - Shewmaker, G AD - USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 279 EP - 282 VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Piperidines KW - Index Medicus KW - Piperidines -- poisoning KW - Fatal Outcome KW - Animals KW - Seeds -- chemistry KW - Cattle KW - Plants, Edible KW - Alkaloids -- poisoning KW - Male KW - Fabaceae -- poisoning KW - Cattle Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71205192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Beef+cattle+losses+after+grazing+Lupinus+argenteus+%28silvery+lupine%29.&rft.au=Panter%2C+K+E%3BMayland%2C+H+F%3BGardner%2C+D+R%3BShewmaker%2C+G&rft.aulast=Panter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurologic disease in range goats associated with Oxytropis sericea (Locoweed) poisoning and water deprivation. AN - 71202689; 11577940 AB - About 200/2500 Spanish goats foraging on mountain rangelands of western Montana developed neurologic disease with severe rear limb weakness, knuckling of the rear fetlocks, and a hopping gait. Sick goats were of all ages and in good flesh, though they often had dull, shaggy coats. Some mildly affected animals recovered after being moved to feed lots, but others progressed to recumbency, seizures and death. At necropsy both moribund and clinically affected animals had few gross lesions; 1 animal had contusions and puncture wounds on rear legs and perineum, suggestive of predator bites. Histologic lesions included mild vacuolation of neurons and visceral epithelial cells, mild diffuse cerebral edema with minimal neuronal pyknosis, and random, multifocal Wallarian degeneration of spinal cord axons. Affected animals had elevated serum sodium, potassium and chloride levels; other mineral analyses and serum biochemistries were within normal limits. Locoweed-induced depression and inhibition of neuromuscular function coupled with water deprivation due to predation pressure allowed development of neurologic disease and hypernatremia. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Stegelmeier, B L AU - James, L F AU - Hall, J O AU - Mattix, M T AD - USDA/ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 302 EP - 304 VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hypernatremia -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Plants, Edible KW - Goats KW - Hypernatremia -- etiology KW - Fabaceae -- poisoning KW - Goat Diseases -- etiology KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Water Deprivation KW - Nervous System Diseases -- veterinary KW - Fabaceae -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71202689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Neurologic+disease+in+range+goats+associated+with+Oxytropis+sericea+%28Locoweed%29+poisoning+and+water+deprivation.&rft.au=Stegelmeier%2C+B+L%3BJames%2C+L+F%3BHall%2C+J+O%3BMattix%2C+M+T&rft.aulast=Stegelmeier&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microcosm enrichment of 1,3-dichloropropene-degrading soil microbial communities in a compost-amended soil. AN - 71201617; 11576304 AB - A microcosm-enrichment approach was used to investigate bacterial populations that may represent 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D)-degrading micro-organisms in compost-amended soil. After 8 weeks of incubation, with repeated application of 1,3-D, volatilization fluxes were much lower for compost-amended soil (CM) than with the unamended soils, indicating accelerated degradation due to addition of compost, or development of new microbial populations with enhanced degradation capacity. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of the PCR-amplified region of 16S rDNA genes were used to identify dominant bacterial populations in the fumigant-degrading soil. The DGGE results indicated that specific bacterial types had been enriched, and a more diverse fingerprint was observed in the community derived from the compost-amended soil compared with the unamended soil. Fragments from 16 different DGGE bands were cloned, sequenced and compared with published 16S rDNA sequences. Two clones, designated E1 and E4, were unique to all soils to which compost was added, and corresponded to strains of Pseudomonas and Actinomadura, respectively. The results show that the addition of compost to soil increases specific microbial populations and results in the accelerated degradation of fumigants. Application of compost manure to soil can help degrade soil fumigants at a faster rate. JF - Journal of applied microbiology AU - Ibekwe, A M AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Gan, J AU - Yates, S R AU - Crowley, D E AU - Yang, C H AD - USDA-ARS-George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Lab., Riverside, CA 92507, USA. aibekwe@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 668 EP - 676 VL - 91 IS - 4 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Allyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - DNA, Ribosomal KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Manure KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S KW - Soil KW - 1,3-dichloro-1-propene KW - 9H780918D0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S -- genetics KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel -- methods KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - DNA, Ribosomal -- analysis KW - Gram-Positive Bacteria -- classification KW - Ecosystem KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Gammaproteobacteria -- metabolism KW - Gammaproteobacteria -- genetics KW - Gram-Positive Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Gammaproteobacteria -- classification KW - Gram-Positive Bacteria -- genetics KW - Allyl Compounds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71201617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Microcosm+enrichment+of+1%2C3-dichloropropene-degrading+soil+microbial+communities+in+a+compost-amended+soil.&rft.au=Ibekwe%2C+A+M%3BPapiernik%2C+S+K%3BGan%2C+J%3BYates%2C+S+R%3BCrowley%2C+D+E%3BYang%2C+C+H&rft.aulast=Ibekwe&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=668&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-13 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Social Values in the Assessment of Livestock Grazing in the Great Plains AN - 60458173; 200307797 AB - We examined the sustainability of the livestock grazing industry in the Great Plains of North America relative to ecological processes, economic viability, & social acceptance. We conclude from the review that livestock grazing is an appropriate use of Great Plains grasslands &, when properly managed, ecologically sustainable. However, we also present evidence that the Great Plains grazing industry is not always economically sustainable or socially acceptable. We attribute this anomaly in large part to the consuming public's general lack of understanding & appreciation for the ecological linkages between current livestock grazing tactics & the evolutionary history of the Great Plains. A contributing factor to this problem is the scientific community's interjection of personal biases & value systems when interpreting ecological response patterns to varying forms of land use. We present evidence in support of this hypothesis by comparing statements & supporting literature citations from three recently published literature reviews addressing the ecological impacts of livestock grazing on North American rangelands. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 62 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Great Plains Research AU - Heitschmidt, R K AU - Johnson, J D AU - Klement, K D AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Miles City, MT Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 361 EP - 374 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1052-5165, 1052-5165 KW - Great Plains KW - Land Use KW - Agriculture KW - Ecology KW - North America KW - Sustainable Development KW - Social Acceptance KW - Livestock KW - article KW - 1116: rural sociology and agriculture; rural sociology (village, agriculture) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60458173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Plains+Research&rft.atitle=Social+Values+in+the+Assessment+of+Livestock+Grazing+in+the+Great+Plains&rft.au=Heitschmidt%2C+R+K%3BJohnson%2C+J+D%3BKlement%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Heitschmidt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Great+Plains+Research&rft.issn=10525165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - GPLREB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Livestock; North America; Ecology; Agriculture; Sustainable Development; Social Acceptance; Land Use ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of soil nitrogen testing considering the carry-over effect AN - 52130902; 2002-029772 JF - Applied Mathematical Modelling AU - Huang, Wen-Yuan AU - Lu, Yao-Chi AU - Uri, Noel D Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 843 EP - 860 PB - IPC Science and Technology Press, Guildford VL - 25 IS - 10 SN - 0307-904X, 0307-904X KW - United States KW - soils KW - fertilizers KW - soil profiles KW - southern Maryland KW - pollution KW - optimization KW - ARS Sustainable Agriculture Demonstration Farm KW - nitrogen KW - models KW - mass balance KW - testing KW - Maryland KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52130902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Mathematical+Modelling&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+soil+nitrogen+testing+considering+the+carry-over+effect&rft.au=Huang%2C+Wen-Yuan%3BLu%2C+Yao-Chi%3BUri%2C+Noel+D&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Wen-Yuan&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=843&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Mathematical+Modelling&rft.issn=0307904X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0307904X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2002-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Document feature - 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AMMODL N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ARS Sustainable Agriculture Demonstration Farm; Atlantic Coastal Plain; fertilizers; Maryland; mass balance; models; nitrogen; optimization; pollution; soil profiles; soils; southern Maryland; testing; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thin-film test to investigate liquid oxypolymerization of nonvolatile analytes: Assessment of vegetable oils and biodegradable lubricants AN - 21306281; 12035203 AB - A thin-film oxidation test was developed to investigate liquid oxypolymerization of nonvolatile analytes. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that the test delivered the required degree of oxidation with better than ±5% accuracy. The following oils were ranked according to their decreasing resistance to oxypolymer formation at 150°C: 90% oleic sunflower oil, triolein, meadowfoam oil, castor oil, canola oil, lesquerella oil, and soybean oil. Higher degrees of oxidation demonstrated the occurrence of oxidative gelation. Oxypolymerization tendencies of hydraulic fluids based on canola and rapeseed oils were comparable to those of canola oil without additives. The relative amount of C-C polyunsaturation present in the fatty acid chain was a major differentiating factor. However, oxidation inhibitors also reduced the rates of oxypolymerization, as demonstrated by sunflower oil-based hydraulic fluid. Canola and rapeseed lubricants needed better oxypolymerization control. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Asadauskas, Svajus AU - Erhan, Sevim Z AD - Oil Chemical Research, USDA, ARS, NCAUR, 1815 N. University Street, 61604 Peoria, IL, erhansz@mail.ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1029 EP - 1035 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 78 IS - 10 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Hydraulics KW - Vegetables KW - Chromatography KW - Lesquerella KW - Oils KW - Soybeans KW - triolein KW - Lubricants KW - Oxidation KW - Fatty acids KW - Helianthus KW - Gelation KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21306281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Thin-film+test+to+investigate+liquid+oxypolymerization+of+nonvolatile+analytes%3A+Assessment+of+vegetable+oils+and+biodegradable+lubricants&rft.au=Asadauskas%2C+Svajus%3BErhan%2C+Sevim+Z&rft.aulast=Asadauskas&rft.aufirst=Svajus&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1029&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-001-0383-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydraulics; Vegetables; triolein; Chromatography; Lubricants; Oxidation; Fatty acids; Oils; Gelation; Soybeans; Lesquerella; Helianthus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-001-0383-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coastal Vibrios: Identifying Relationships between Environmental Condition and Human Disease AN - 19927645; 5300576 AB - Vibrio spp. cause frank and opportunistic infections of humans through exposure to seafood and seawater. Due to their natural occurrence in coastal environments, traditional indicator organisms, such as E. coli, do not predict their presence. This problem has complicated public health initiatives aimed at reducing the impact of illnesses from Vibrio spp. In the U.S., V. vulnificus has received extensive study due to the severity of its disease in humans. Its numbers increase with warmer summer temperature, and decline to nondetectable levels in colder winter months. In environments with salinities greater than 20 ppt, V. vulnificus numbers decline to levels that do not pose human health risks. A similar response to temperature has been observed for pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus, where recent outbreaks of illness have been associated with El Nino weather conditions. In addition, temperature-induced plankton blooms have been linked to epidemic cholera in certain geographical regions of the world. New research shows that seawater temperature and salinity can be used to develop mathematical models of V. vulnificus incidence in coastal environments. Similar efforts might be extended to other Vibrio spp. to develop indicators that predict human health risk, as well as ecosystem integrity. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Tamplin, M L AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, mtamplin@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1437 EP - 1445 VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - outbreaks KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Human Population; Risk Abstracts KW - Coastal environments KW - Disease control KW - Microbial contamination KW - INE, USA KW - Public health KW - Microbiological analysis KW - ASW, USA KW - Marine environment KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - Escherichia coli KW - Recreational waters KW - Biological pollutants KW - Cholera KW - Diseases KW - USA Coasts KW - Pollution indicators KW - Weather KW - Epidemics KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Brackish KW - Coastal waters KW - Opportunist infection KW - Escherichia Coli KW - Vibrio KW - Sea water KW - Coastal zone KW - Quality control KW - Plankton KW - Risk assessment KW - Prediction KW - Human diseases KW - Coastal Waters KW - Food consumption KW - ANW, USA KW - Public Health KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - El Nino KW - Salinity effects KW - Saline water KW - Seafood KW - El Nino phenomena KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Bacteria KW - Pollution detection KW - Mathematical models KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Food contamination KW - Risk KW - Analytical techniques KW - Health and safety KW - Outbreaks KW - Environmental conditions KW - Indicator species KW - M1 125:Population Health-Environment Relations KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19927645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Coastal+Vibrios%3A+Identifying+Relationships+between+Environmental+Condition+and+Human+Disease&rft.au=Tamplin%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Tamplin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-08-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Indicators in Health and Ecological Risk Assessment. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Human diseases; Mathematical models; Epidemics; Pollution detection; Pathogenic bacteria; Bacterial diseases; Disease control; Microbial contamination; Coastal waters; Microbiological analysis; Public health; Salinity effects; Quality control; Analytical techniques; Recreational waters; Biological pollutants; Health and safety; Seafood; Pollution indicators; El Nino phenomena; Indicator species; Prediction; Risk assessment; Weather; Coastal environments; Opportunist infection; Food consumption; Coastal zone; Sea water; Marine environment; Saline water; Cholera; Diseases; Outbreaks; Environmental conditions; Plankton; El Nino; Food contamination; Risk; Escherichia Coli; Bacteria; Vibrio; Public Health; Coastal Waters; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Escherichia coli; ASW, USA; ANW, USA; USA Coasts; INE, USA; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - REGULATION OF CORPORA ALLATA IN FEMALES OF PYRRHOCORIS APTERUS (HETEROPTERA) (A MINI-REVIEW) AN - 19336228; 8696137 AB - Mechanisms for the transduction of photoperiodic and food signals to the corpus allatum (CA) are described. The focus of this paper is on the control of the CA by the brain in adult females of the firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus. By using surgical interventions to the neuroendocrine complex of brain-subesophageal ganglion-corpora cardiaca-CA (BR-SG-CC-CA) in vivo and in vitro we were able to identify two regulatory pathways. (1) Slow regulation of the CA activity (stimulation or inhibition) needs a relatively long period of time to be accomplished (several d) in vivo and is associated with changes of the gland cell volume and ultrastructure. The stimulated or inhibited activity of the CA is maintained during short-term incubation of the isolated CA in vitro. (2) Fast inhibition of the CA activity is reversible during short-term incubation in vitro; the CA can be switched from lower to higher activity and vice versa, depending on the presence or absence of the BR-SG in the medium. Both slow and fast regulatory factors originate in the pars intercerebralis of the brain and in intact neuroendocrine complex they reach the CA via nerves. A slow inhibitor, induced by short d, causes reproductive diapause. A fast inhibitor prevents ovarian maturation in starved nondiapausing females. A slow stimulator, induced by feeding under long d, overcomes the fast inhibition of the CA, thereby stimulating vitellogenesis. Food signals are transmitted to the brain via humoral pathways. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - HODKOVA, M AU - Okuda, T AU - Wagner, R M AD - Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (M. H.), National Institute of Sericultural and Entomological Sciences, Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (T. O.), and Biological Control of Insect Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Columbia, Missouri 65203-3535 (R. M. W.), magda@entu.cas.cz Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 560 EP - 563 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 37 IS - 9 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - reproduction KW - photoperiod KW - feeding KW - brain KW - inhibition KW - stimulation KW - Corpora allata KW - Feeding KW - Vitellogenesis KW - Photoperiods KW - Food KW - Brain KW - Hemiptera KW - Nerves KW - Pyrrhocoris apterus KW - Reviews KW - Glands KW - Cell size KW - Reproduction KW - Diapause KW - Ultrastructure KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - Z 05330:Reproduction and Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19336228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=REGULATION+OF+CORPORA+ALLATA+IN+FEMALES+OF+PYRRHOCORIS+APTERUS+%28HETEROPTERA%29+%28A+MINI-REVIEW%29&rft.au=HODKOVA%2C+M%3BOkuda%2C+T%3BWagner%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=HODKOVA&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1071-2690%282001%290372.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Corpora allata; Feeding; Vitellogenesis; Photoperiods; Food; Brain; Nerves; Glands; Reviews; Cell size; Reproduction; Ultrastructure; Diapause; Pyrrhocoris apterus; Hemiptera DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1071-2690(2001)037<0560:ROCAIF>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Eggs by Direct Sample Introduction/Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry AN - 18505715; 5474686 AB - Direct sample introduction (DSI) or "dirty sample injection" is a rapid, rugged, and inexpensive approach to large volume injection in gas chromatography (GC) for semivolatile analytes such as pesticides. DSI of complex samples such as eggs requires a very selective detection technique, such as tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS), to determine the analytes among the many semivolatile matrix components that also appear. In DSI, the nonvolatile matrix components that normally would contaminate the GC system in traditional injection methods remain in a disposable microvial, which is removed after every injection. For example, 3 mu g of nonvolatile residue typically remained in the microvial after an injection of egg extract using the DSI method. This analytical procedure involves the following: (i) weighing 10 g of egg in a centrifuge tube and adding 2 g of NaCl and 19.3 mL of acetonitrile (MeCN); (ii) blending for 1 min using a probe blender; (iii) centrifuging for 10 min; and (iv) analyzing 10 mu L (5 mg of egg equivalent) of the extract using DSI/GC/MS-MS. No sample cleanup or solvent evaporation steps were required to achieve quantitative and confirmatory results with <10 ng/g detection limits for 25 of 43 tested pesticides from several chemical classes. The remaining pesticides gave higher detection limits due to poor fragmentation characteristics in electron impact ionization and/or degradation. Analysis of eggs incurred with chlorpyrifos-methyl showed a similar trend in the results as a more traditional approach. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Lehotay, S J AU - Lightfield, A R AU - Harman-Fetcho, JA AU - Donoghue, D J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 4589 EP - 4596 VL - 49 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18505715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Pesticide+Residues+in+Eggs+by+Direct+Sample+Introduction%2FGas+Chromatography%2FTandem+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.au=Lehotay%2C+S+J%3BLightfield%2C+A+R%3BHarman-Fetcho%2C+JA%3BDonoghue%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Lehotay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf0104836S0021-8561%2801%2900483-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0104836S0021-8561(01)00483-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Irradiation Temperature on Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus AN - 18400561; 5368554 AB - The resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus in ground beef to gamma radiation was significantly (P < 0.05) higher at subfreezing temperatures than above freezing. Ground beef was inoculated (ca. 2 x 10 super(8) CFU/g) with five isolates of either E. coli O157:H7 or S. aureus and subdivided into 25-g samples, vacuum packaged in barrier pouches, and tempered to 20, 12, 4, 0, -4, -12, -20, -30, -40, or -76 degree C before gamma irradiation. The studies were repeated twice. The D sub(10)-values for both of these pathogens increased significantly at subfreezing temperatures, reaching maxima at approximately -20 degree C. The D sub(10)-values for E. coli O157:H7 at 4 and -20 degree C were 0.39 plus or minus 0.04 and 0.98 plus or minus 0.23 kGy, respectively. The D sub(10)-values for S. aureus at 0 and -20 degree C were 0.51 plus or minus 0.02 and 0.88 plus or minus 0.05 kGy, respectively. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Thayer, D W AU - Boyd, G AD - Food Safety Research Unit, USDA, ARS, NAA, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1624 EP - 1626 VL - 64 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18400561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Irradiation+Temperature+on+Inactivation+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+Staphylococcus+aureus&rft.au=Thayer%2C+D+W%3BBoyd%2C+G&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1624&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat Treatment Adaptations in Clostridium perfringens Vegetative Cells AN - 18398134; 5368541 AB - Vegetative cells of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxigenic strains NCTC 8679, NCTC 8238, and H6 were grown at 37 degree C followed by a 60-min exposure to 28 degree C or 46 degree C. D sub(10)-values, as a measure of thermal resistance at 60 degree C, were significantly lower for 28 degree C exposures as compared with cultures given 37 and 46 degree C exposures. Following refrigeration at 4 degree C for 24 h, D sub(10)-values for the 37 and 46 degree C samples could not be differentiated from 28 degree C samples. Western immunoblot analyses of lysates from heat-adapted cells also detected the increased expression of proteins reacting with antiserum directed against the molecular chaperonins from Escherichia coli; GroEL, DnaJ, and the small acid soluble protein from Bacillus subtilis, SspC. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) identified thermal transitions corresponding to ribosomal protein denaturations at 72.1 plus or minus 0.5 degree C. Any cellular heat adaptations in the DSC profiles were lost following refrigeration for several days to simulate minimally processed food storage conditions. Further analyses of high-speed pellets from crude cell extract fractions using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis detected the differential gene expression of at least four major proteins in heat-adapted vegetative cells of C. perfringens. N-terminal amino acid analyses identified two of the proteins as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and rubrerythrin. Both appear to have roles in this anaerobe under stressful conditions. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Novak, J S AU - Tunick, M H AU - Juneja, V K AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1527 EP - 1534 VL - 64 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase KW - rubrerythrin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18398134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Heat+Treatment+Adaptations+in+Clostridium+perfringens+Vegetative+Cells&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+S%3BTunick%2C+M+H%3BJuneja%2C+V+K&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Plant Pathogenicity of Endophytic Beauveria bassiana in Bt Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Corn AN - 18367785; 5338686 AB - Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the proclivity of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) (Berliner)-transgenic corn (Zea mays L.) to form an endophytic relationship with Beauveria bassiana, and to evaluate the corn for possible plant pathological effects associated with this relationship. Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was applied as a granular formulation to two separate lines of corn, expressing Bt events MON802 and MON810, and their corresponding isolines. There were no significant differences in levels of endophytism between transgenic events or their near-isolines. In greenhouse studies, B. bassiana was applied as a liquid seed treatment to Bt transgenic corn hybrids Pioneer 34R06 (event MON810) and Ciba Max 454 (event 176) and their near isolines at a rate of 2 x 10 super(10) conidia per ml. There were no significant differences in seed germination or presence of root pathogens in transgenic or isoline seeds soaked in a B. bassiana suspension. The same lines of corn were used in field experiments with treatments of seeds soaked in a suspension of B. bassiana, a foliar application of a granular formulation of B. bassiana, and corresponding untreated checks. Plants were sampled throughout the growing season and evaluated for growth of individual plant components, including sheaths, leaves, stem, husk, ear, plant leaf-to-stem ratio and overall plant growth. There were no significant differences in overall plant growth between the B. bassiana treatments or in the growth of each plant component. The results of this study indicate that B. bassiana readily forms an endophytic relationship with transgenic and non-transgenic corn and causes no plant pathology. JF - Crop Science AU - Lewis, L C AU - Bruck, D J AU - Gunnarson, R D AU - Bidne, K G AD - USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, leslewis@iastate.edu Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1395 EP - 1400 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07358:Monocotyledons (crops) KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18367785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Plant+Pathogenicity+of+Endophytic+Beauveria+bassiana+in+Bt+Transgenic+and+Non-Transgenic+Corn&rft.au=Lewis%2C+L+C%3BBruck%2C+D+J%3BGunnarson%2C+R+D%3BBidne%2C+K+G&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1395&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest Health Monitoring and Forest Inventory Analysis Programs Monitor Climate Change Effects in Forest Ecosystems AN - 18352909; 5300566 AB - The Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) and Forest Inventory and Analyses (FIA) programs are integrated biological monitoring systems that use nationally standardized methods to evaluate and report on the health and sustainability of forest ecosystems in the United States. Many of the anticipated changes in forest ecosystems from climate change were also issues addressed in sections of FHM's National Technical Report 1991 to 1998. The integrated FHM and FIA monitoring systems are currently establishing baseline conditions (status and change) in most States for many of the expected effects, and are projected to have full implementation for all States and Territories in 2003. These monitoring systems utilize a broad suite of indicators of key ecosystem components and processes that are responsive to many biotic and abiotic stressors, including those anticipated from climate change. These programs will contribute essential information for many decades for many of the anticipated changes in forest ecosystem from increasing carbon dioxide concentrations, changing climatic scenarios, and extreme weather events that are probable in the next 30 to 100 years. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Stolte, K W AD - USDA Forest Service, Research Forest Health Monitoring Program, Southern Research Station, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1297 EP - 1316 VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Climatic changes KW - Forests KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18352909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Forest+Health+Monitoring+and+Forest+Inventory+Analysis+Programs+Monitor+Climate+Change+Effects+in+Forest+Ecosystems&rft.au=Stolte%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Stolte&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Indicators in Health and Ecological Risk Assessment. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon dioxide; Climatic changes; Forests; Ecosystem disturbance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of an extracellular beta -xylosidase from a newly isolated Fusarium verticillioides AN - 18349685; 5299933 AB - An extracellular beta -xylosidase from a newly isolated Fusarium verticillioides (NRRL 26518) was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant by concentration by ultrafiltration using a 10,000 cut-off membrane, ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE Bio-Gel A agarose column chromatography and SP-Sephadex C-50 column chromatography. The purified beta -xylosidase (specific activity, 57 U/mg protein) had a molecular weight (mol. wt.) of 94,500 and an isoelectric point at pH 7.8. The optimum temperature and pH for action of the enzyme were 65 degree C and 4.5, respectively. It hydrolyzes xylobiose and higher xylooligosaccharides but is inactive against xylan. The purified beta -xylosidase had a K sub(m) value of 0.85 mM (p-nitrophenol- beta -D-xyloside, pH 4.5, 50 degree C) and was competitively inhibited by xylose with a K sub(i) value of 6 mM. It did not require any metal ion for activity and stability. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Saha, B C AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 241 EP - 245 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - purification KW - characterization KW - xylobiose KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Column chromatography KW - Characterization KW - Cell culture KW - Xylan 1,4-b-xylosidase KW - Xylan 1,4-^b-xylosidase KW - Purification KW - Supernatants KW - Fusarium verticillioides KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - K 03020:Fungi KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18349685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+an+extracellular+beta+-xylosidase+from+a+newly+isolated+Fusarium+verticillioides&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium verticillioides; Xylan 1,4-b-xylosidase; Purification; Characterization; Xylan 1,4-^b-xylosidase; Cell culture; Supernatants; Column chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recombinant Escherichia coli engineered for production of L-lactic acid from hexose and pentose sugars AN - 18346581; 5299936 AB - Recombinant Escherichia coli have been constructed for the conversion of glucose as well as pentose sugars into L-lactic acid. The strains carry the lactate dehydrogenase gene from Streptococcus bovis on a low copy number plasmid for production of L-lactate. Three E. coli strains were transformed with the plasmid for producing L-lactic acid. Strains FBR9 and FBR11 were serially transferred 10 times in anaerobic cultures in sugar-limited medium containing glucose or xylose without selective antibiotic. An average of 96% of both FBR9 and FBR11 cells maintained pVALDH1 in anaerobic cultures. The fermentation performances of FBR9, FBR10, and FBR11 were compared in pH-controlled batch fermentations with medium containing 10% w/v glucose. Fermentation results were superior for FBR11, an E. coli B strain, compared to those observed for FBR9 or FBR10. FBR11 exhausted the glucose within 30 h, and the maximum lactic acid concentration (7.32% w/v) was 93% of the theoretical maximum. The other side-products detected were cell mass and succinic acid (0.5 g/l). JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Dien, B S AU - Nichols, N N AU - Bothast, R J AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 259 EP - 264 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - L-lactic acid KW - biosynthesis KW - glucose KW - lactate dehydrogenase gene KW - lactic acid KW - xylose KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Biosynthesis KW - Xylose KW - Fermentation KW - Glucose KW - Cell culture KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Plasmids KW - Batch culture KW - L-Lactate dehydrogenase KW - Streptococcus bovis KW - Anoxic conditions KW - Genes KW - Genetic engineering KW - Escherichia coli KW - Lactic acid KW - Biotechnology KW - Dehydrogenases KW - Q1 08206:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W2 32360:Organic acids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18346581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Recombinant+Escherichia+coli+engineered+for+production+of+L-lactic+acid+from+hexose+and+pentose+sugars&rft.au=Dien%2C+B+S%3BNichols%2C+N+N%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Dien&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biosynthesis; Genes; Anoxic conditions; Fermentation; Plasmids; Dehydrogenases; Biotechnology; Sugar; Xylose; Genetic engineering; Glucose; Lactic acid; Cell culture; Anaerobic conditions; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Batch culture; Streptococcus bovis; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotypic Rankings for Aluminum Tolerance of Soybean Roots Grown in Hydroponics and Sand Culture AN - 18281343; 5338699 AB - Screening methodology remains a practical barrier in the breeding of Al-tolerant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Our objectives were to (i) develop a repeatable sand-media culture method for Al tolerance screening of plants, (ii) compare Al response of genotypes in sand culture to a standard hydroponics-based seedling culture, and (iii) establish a practical guide for the use of hydroponics and sand-culture screening methods in the selection of Al-tolerant soybean. We developed a sand-media culture method and imposed 0 and 450 mu M Al super(3+) activity treatments upon 10 diverse soybean genotypes. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with nine replications. Root weight and relative root surface area (RRSA) were determined at 18 d after transplanting (DAT). In hydroponics, the genotypes were compared for taproot elongation after 3 d of exposure to 0, 2, and 5 mu M Al super(3+) activity treatments in a split plot design with six replications. Aluminum stress was imposed successfully (approximately 57% of the growth in control) in hydroponics and sand culture, but discrepancies between methods were apparent. The hydroponics-based seedling screen produced an inflated range of genotypic response and altered Al tolerance rankings in comparison with sand culture. `Perry', which was tolerant to Al in sand culture, was remarkably sensitive to Al in hydroponics. Despite the discrepancies, seedling-based screening successfully identified three (PI 417021, PI 416937, and Biloxi) of the four genotypes that were most tolerant to Al in sand culture. Results suggested that seedling screens can play a practical role in breeding. However, their application to a specific breeding population should be validated with older plants and solid media. The RRSA appeared to be a promising measure of A1 tolerance for soybean roots. JF - Crop Science AU - Villagarcia, M R AU - Carter, TE Jr AU - Rufty, T W AU - Niewoehner, A S AU - Jennette, M W AU - Arrellano, C AD - USDA-ARS and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7631, USA, tommy_carter@ncsu.edu Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1499 EP - 1507 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - soybean KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Testing Procedures KW - Tolerance KW - Plant breeding KW - Roots KW - Glycine max KW - Crops KW - Soybeans KW - Hydroponics KW - Sand KW - Comparison Studies KW - Aluminum KW - Cultures KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18281343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Genotypic+Rankings+for+Aluminum+Tolerance+of+Soybean+Roots+Grown+in+Hydroponics+and+Sand+Culture&rft.au=Villagarcia%2C+M+R%3BCarter%2C+TE+Jr%3BRufty%2C+T+W%3BNiewoehner%2C+A+S%3BJennette%2C+M+W%3BArrellano%2C+C&rft.aulast=Villagarcia&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tolerance; Aluminum; Plant breeding; Roots; Crops; Testing Procedures; Hydroponics; Comparison Studies; Sand; Cultures; Soybeans; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Physiological, morphological, and environmental variation among geographically isolated cottonwood (Populus deltoides) populations in New Mexico AN - 18242983; 5304946 AB - The ability of a plant population to respond and eventually adapt to environmental stress ultimately determines that population's survival. This becomes especially significant in environments where important plant resource levels have radically decreased. Southwestern riparian areas have numerous plant species that are experiencing radical changes in water availability due to construction of dams, and thus their ability to respond to such changes is critical. One such species likely to be greatly affected by these hydrological changes is Populus deltoides var. wislizenii (cottonwood) because it relies heavily on both groundwater and river surface volume as primary water sources. Both water sources have been extremely impacted by impoundments along southwestern rivers. To understand how New Mexico populations of cottonwood may respond to environmental changes, we quantified environmental differences and characterized physiological and morphological variation among 4 cottonwood populations. Significant differences among study sites in water availability were indicated by both soil and groundwater salinity. The northernmost site, at Abiquiu, had the highest salinity levels in both soil and groundwater, followed by Bernardo, while San Antonio and Corrales sites had the lowest soil salinity. As expected, variation in physiological and leaf morphological characters existed among and within the tree populations, most likely in response to environmental factors. Midday xylem pressure potentials indicated that Abiquiu individuals suffered the greatest water stress and they also had the highest transpiration levels. Because of high specific leaf weights and high photosynthetic levels, cottonwoods at Corrales may better mitigate lower water availability. Such physiological and morphological trait variability among populations is ecologically important and may be of use in present reclamation and conservation efforts in these areas. JF - Western North American Naturalist AU - Rowland, D L AU - Beals, L AU - Chaudhry, A A AU - Evans, A S AU - Grodeska, L S AD - USDA-ARS, National Peanut Research Lab, 1011 Forester Dr. SE, Dawson, GA 31742, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 452 EP - 462 VL - 61 IS - 4 SN - 1527-0904, 1527-0904 KW - Eastern cottonwood KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecophysiology KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Water stress KW - Adaptations KW - Biogeography KW - Population studies KW - Populus deltoides KW - Functional morphology KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18242983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Physiological%2C+morphological%2C+and+environmental+variation+among+geographically+isolated+cottonwood+%28Populus+deltoides%29+populations+in+New+Mexico&rft.au=Rowland%2C+D+L%3BBeals%2C+L%3BChaudhry%2C+A+A%3BEvans%2C+A+S%3BGrodeska%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Rowland&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.issn=15270904&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Populus deltoides; USA, New Mexico; Ecophysiology; Functional morphology; Biogeography; Population studies; Adaptations; Water stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of defense responses in tobacco by the protein Nep1 from Fusarium oxysporum AN - 18242033; 5304433 AB - Fusarium oxysporum produces a 24-kDa protein, Nep1, which induces necrosis and ethylene production in leaves of many dicot plant species. Detached Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi leaves respond with concentration-dependent necrosis after infiltration with Nep1 or when Nep1 is taken up by the vascular tissue. This response follows the induction of ethylene biosynthesis and accumulation of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase transcripts. Pretreating the leaves with 100 mu l/l ethylene prior to elicitation enhanced Nep1-induced ethylene production. Nep1 (208 nM) causes extensive necrosis of mature tobacco leaf tissue when applied to Xanthi tobacco as a foliar spray (129 m1/m super(2)). Tobacco cell cultures respond to Nep1 by alkalization of the culture media, the accumulation of potassium in the media, oxygen uptake, induction of active oxygen species, and eventual cell death. The response of cultured tobacco cells to Nep1 is time- and concentration-dependent. Cell death was the same at 300 min for 5 ng/ml and higher concentrations, while 0.5 ng/ml had no effect on cell death. In the case of O sub(2) uptake, cells responded to 0.5 ng/ml within minutes of treatment, but at a rate lower than 5 ng/ml. The lower concentration of Nep1 did not induce an increase in pH, K super(+) efflux, or increasing H sub(2)O sub(2) accumulation in the culture media. JF - Plant Science AU - Jennings, J C AU - Apel-Birkhold, P C AU - Mock, N M AU - Baker, C J AU - Anderson, J D AU - Bailey, BA AD - Alternate Crops and Systems Laboratory, Room 116, Building 007, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, baileyb@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 891 EP - 899 VL - 161 IS - 5 SN - 0168-9452, 0168-9452 KW - tobacco KW - Nep1 protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Plant diseases KW - 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase KW - Leaves KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - Cell culture KW - Disease resistance KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Necrosis KW - Ethylene KW - 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18242033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Science&rft.atitle=Induction+of+defense+responses+in+tobacco+by+the+protein+Nep1+from+Fusarium+oxysporum&rft.au=Jennings%2C+J+C%3BApel-Birkhold%2C+P+C%3BMock%2C+N+M%3BBaker%2C+C+J%3BAnderson%2C+J+D%3BBailey%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Science&rft.issn=01689452&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium oxysporum; Nicotiana tabacum; Plant diseases; Ethylene; Necrosis; Leaves; Disease resistance; 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase; Cell culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decline of the red-winged blackbird population in Ohio correlated to changes in agriculture (1965-1996) AN - 18230280; 5293903 AB - Based on North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data since 1966. Ohio has traditionally hosted 1 of the highest breeding season densities of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) of any U.S. state or Canadian province. However, from 1966 through 1996, breeding populations of red-winged blackbirds in Ohio showed a marked decline ( super(-) sub(x)% change/yr in birds per route = -3.9), with breeding population indices decreasing by over 53%. Because the red-winged blackbird successfully adapted to habitats created by agricultural expansion over the last century and became a recognized pest of crops such as corn (Zea mays), understanding the decline of this species in Ohio is important from both ecological and damage control perspectives. We examined 35 crop and climatic factors relative to their relationship with the observed breeding population trend for the red-winged blackbird in Ohio 1966 to 1996. Each year, we found that the area of non-alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hay harvested, the combined area of corn and soybeans (Glycine max) harvested, the area of non-alfalfa hay cut by 30 May of the index year (1966-1996), and the area of hay (all types) cut by 30 May of the year prior to the index best explained the variance in the breeding population trend of the red-winged blackbird in Ohio. Given our findings, we suggest that a long-term population trend for this abundant bird in Ohio is negatively associated with the efficiency and expansion of modern agriculture. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Blackwell, B F AU - Dolbeer, R A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 661 EP - 667 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Red-winged blackbird KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Wildlife management KW - Habitat availability KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Agelaius phoeniceus KW - Population decline KW - USA, Ohio KW - Land use KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18230280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Decline+of+the+red-winged+blackbird+population+in+Ohio+correlated+to+changes+in+agriculture+%281965-1996%29&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+B+F%3BDolbeer%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agelaius phoeniceus; USA, Ohio; Land use; Population decline; Agricultural ecosystems; Habitat availability; Wildlife management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Strain of Serratia marcescens (Enterobacteriaceae) with High Virulence Per Os to Larvae of a Laboratory Colony of the Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AN - 18225815; 5287208 AB - An unpigmented strain of the bacterium Serratia marcescens Bizio that is highly virulent when fed to larvae from a laboratory colony of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), was found as a contaminant in a sample of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), that also infects H. zea. High rates of mortality (>70%) were obtained by feeding doses of less than 100 bacterial cells per larva. Previous reports indicated that when insects could be killed with S. marcescens administered orally, doses on the order of 10 super(5) to 10 super(6) cells per insect were required to obtain comparable levels of mortality. Its virulence may have been increased through unintentional selection during the in vivo production of the virus in corn earworm larvae. The insect colony with which high mortality was obtained was compared with another colony, and the S. marcescens strain was compared with other strains. Results indicate that the highest levels of mortality are associated with a particular combination of insect colony and bacterial strain. While the potential of this organism as a biological control agent has not been evaluated, these apparently unique interactions could make this system an interesting and potentially useful model for the study of host-pathogen virulence factors. JF - Journal of Entomological Science AU - Farrar, RR Jr AU - Martin, PAW AU - Ridgway, R L AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Bldg. 011A, Rm. 214, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, FarrarR@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 380 EP - 390 VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0749-8004, 0749-8004 KW - Lepidoptera KW - larvae KW - Noctuid moths KW - Corn earworm KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Larvae KW - Pest control KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Host plants KW - Virulence KW - Pathogenicity KW - Serratia marcescens KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18225815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=A+Strain+of+Serratia+marcescens+%28Enterobacteriaceae%29+with+High+Virulence+Per+Os+to+Larvae+of+a+Laboratory+Colony+of+the+Corn+Earworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29&rft.au=Farrar%2C+RR+Jr%3BMartin%2C+PAW%3BRidgway%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=RR&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Entomological+Science&rft.issn=07498004&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Serratia marcescens; Helicoverpa zea; Host plants; Pest control; Virulence; Biological control; Larvae; Pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Porcine zone pellucida immunocontraception: Long-term health effects on white-tailed deer AN - 18225529; 5294953 AB - As part of a 9-year study on the contraceptive effects of Porcine Zona Pellucida (PZP) on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), we analyzed serum chemistry panels during the first 4 years. This included the first 2 years when does were being actively immunized, and 2 years post-immunization. The chemistry panel was designed to detect pathologies that might result from the immunization of the deer. Blood chemistry results did not suggest any pathological changes resulting from the immunization. Seasonal differences in serum cholesterol were similar in both the control and PZP-treated groups. Seasonal changes in the mean body weights of the treated and control groups reflected an increased weight of the control group in the spring, probably due to pregnancy. However, no statistical difference existed in the fall weights between the 2 groups throughout the 4-year study. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Miller, LA AU - Crane, K AU - Gaddis, S AU - Killian, G J AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, Lowell.A.Miller@USDA.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 941 EP - 945 PB - Wildlife Society VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - White-tailed deer KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Wildlife management KW - Contraception KW - Body weight KW - Population regulation KW - Immunization KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18225529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Porcine+zone+pellucida+immunocontraception%3A+Long-term+health+effects+on+white-tailed+deer&rft.au=Miller%2C+LA%3BCrane%2C+K%3BGaddis%2C+S%3BKillian%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=941&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odocoileus virginianus; Immunization; Body weight; Contraception; Population regulation; Wildlife management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of biophysical criteria in the hierarchical classification of drainage basins AN - 18213433; 5285381 AB - A subwatershed base map of 84 hydrologic subregions within the Columbia River Basin (approximately 58,361,000 ha) was developed following hierarchical principles of ecological unit mapping. Our primary objectives were to inspect the relations between direct and indirect biophysical variables in the prediction of valley bottom and stream type patterns, and to identify hydrologic subregions (based on these results) that had similar aquatic patterns for which consistent management practices could be applied. Realization of these objectives required: (1) stratified subsampling of valley bottom and stream type composition within selected subwatersheds, (2) identification of direct and indirect biophysical variables that were mappable across the basin and that exerted primary control on the distribution of sampled aquatic patterns, and (3) development of hydrologic subregion maps based on the primary biophysical variables identified. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that a core set of 15 direct variables (e.g., average watershed slope, drainage density, ten-year peak flow) and 19 indirect variables (i.e., nine subsection groups, four lithology groups, and six potential vegetation settings) accounted for 31 and 30 percent (respectively) of valley bottom/stream type composition variability and 84 and 80 percent (respectively) of valley bottom/stream type environmental variability within subsamples. The 19 indirect biophysical variables identified were used to produce an ecological unit classification of 7,462 subwatersheds within the basin by a hierarchical agglomerative clustering technique (i.e., hydrologic subregions were identified). Discriminant analysis indicated that 13 direct biophysical variables could correctly assign 80 percent of the subwatersheds to their indirect biophysical classification, thus demonstrating the strong relation that exists between indirect biophysical based classifications (ecological units) and the direct biophysical variables that determine finer-level aquatic patterns. Our hydrologic subregion classifications were also effective in explaining observed differences in management hazard ratings across all subwatersheds of the basin. Results of this research indicate that ecological units can be effectively used to produce watershed classifications that integrate the effects of direct biophysical variables on finer-level aquatic patterns, and predict opportunities and limitations for management. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Jensen, ME AU - Goodman, IA AU - Bourgeron, P S AU - Poff, N L AU - Brewer, C K AD - USDA, Forest Service, Northern Region, P.O. Box 7669, Missoula, Montana 59807, USA, mjensen@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - October 2001 SP - 1155 EP - 1168 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Columbia R. KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Classification systems KW - Catchment area KW - River Basins KW - Water Management KW - USA, Columbia R. Basin KW - Maps and mapping KW - River basins KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Streams (in natural channels) KW - Biophysics KW - Ecology KW - Geomorphology KW - Catchment areas KW - Basins (Geographical) (see also Catchment areas) KW - Hydrology KW - Mapping KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q1 08381:General KW - SW 4010:Techniques of planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18213433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+biophysical+criteria+in+the+hierarchical+classification+of+drainage+basins&rft.au=Jensen%2C+ME%3BGoodman%2C+IA%3BBourgeron%2C+P+S%3BPoff%2C+N+L%3BBrewer%2C+C+K&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment area; Classification systems; Geomorphology; Hydrology; River basins; Watersheds; Catchment areas; Basins (Geographical) (see also Catchment areas); Maps and mapping; Streams (in natural channels); Biophysics; Ecology; River Basins; Water Management; Mapping; USA, Columbia R. Basin; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spodoptera exigua oviposition and larval feeding preferences for pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus, over squaring cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, and a comparison of free amino acids in each host plant AN - 18208671; 5276103 AB - The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Huebner), can utilize a number of different host plants for oviposition and larval development, but some host plants are preferred over others. This study, using cage choice tests and olfactometer assays, demonstrates the beet armyworm's preference for pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L., over cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Cage and olfactometer choice assays indicated that olfaction plays an important role in host selection by ovipositing females. First instars exhibited no feeding preference, but the more mobile third instars showed a significant feeding preference for excised pigweed leaves. The higher quantities and more diverse accumulations of free amino acids in pigweed might, in conjunction with other physiochemical and mechanical attractant and deterrent factors in the two-plant species system, play roles in the tendency of the beet armyworm to select pigweed over cotton and in providing a superior array of easily absorbed amino acids as compared to cotton. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Showler, A T AD - Kika de la Garza Subtropical Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Bldg. 201, Weslaco, Texas 78596, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 2013 EP - 2028 VL - 27 IS - 10 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Beet armyworm KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - Amino acid composition KW - Noctuidae KW - Feeding behavior KW - Host preferences KW - Host plants KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Spodoptera exigua KW - Food preferences KW - Oviposition KW - Amaranthus hybridus KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18208671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Spodoptera+exigua+oviposition+and+larval+feeding+preferences+for+pigweed%2C+Amaranthus+hybridus%2C+over+squaring+cotton%2C+Gossypium+hirsutum%2C+and+a+comparison+of+free+amino+acids+in+each+host+plant&rft.au=Showler%2C+A+T&rft.aulast=Showler&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2013&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spodoptera exigua; Amaranthus hybridus; Gossypium hirsutum; Noctuidae; Oviposition; Food preferences; Feeding behavior; Amino acid composition; Host plants; Host preferences ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glyphosate toxicity and the effects of long-term vegetation control on soil microbial communities AN - 18200650; 5219570 AB - We assessed the direct and indirect effect of the herbicide glyphosate on soil microbial communities from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) plantations of varying site quality. Direct, toxic effects were tested using culture media and soil bioassays at glyphosate concentrations up to 100-fold greater than expected following a single field application. Indirect effects on microbial biomass, respiration, and metabolic diversity (Biolog and catabolic response profile) were compared seasonally after 9-13 years of vegetation control using repeated glyphosate applications in a replicated field study. Three pine plantations were selected to provide a range of soil characteristics associated with glyphosate binding (clay, Fe and Al oxide content) and site growing potential from the lowest to the highest in northern California. Glyphosate was toxic to bacteria and fungi from each plantation when grown in soil-free media. Culturable populations were reduced, as was the growth rate and metabolic diversity of surviving bacteria, by increasing concentrations of glyphosate. This toxicity was not expressed when glyphosate was added directly to soil, however. Microbial respiration was unchanged at expected field concentrations (5-50 mu g g super(-1)), regardless of soil, and was stimulated by concentrations up to 100-fold greater. Increased microbial activity resulted from utilization of glyphosate as an available carbon substrate. Estimated N and P inputs from glyphosate were inconsequential to microbial activity. Long-term, repeated applications of glyphosate had minimal affect on seasonal microbial characteristics despite substantial changes in vegetation composition and growth. Instead, variation in microbial characteristics was a function of time of year and site quality. Community size, activity, and metabolic diversity generally were greatest in the spring and increased as site quality improved, regardless of herbicide treatment. Our findings suggest that artificial media assays are of limited relevance in predicting glyphosate toxicity to soil organisms and that field rate applications of glyphosate should have little or no affect on soil microbial communities in ponderosa pine plantations. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Busse, MD AU - Ratcliff, A W AU - Shestak, C J AU - Powers, R F AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2400 Washington Ave., Redding, CA 96001, USA, mbusse@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1777 EP - 1789 VL - 33 IS - 12-13 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - chronic exposure KW - glyphosate KW - vegetation KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Communities KW - Community structure KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Herbicides KW - Plantations KW - Glyphosate KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01052:Effect of insecticides KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18200650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Glyphosate+toxicity+and+the+effects+of+long-term+vegetation+control+on+soil+microbial+communities&rft.au=Busse%2C+MD%3BRatcliff%2C+A+W%3BShestak%2C+C+J%3BPowers%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Busse&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=12-13&rft.spage=1777&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Herbicides; Soil microorganisms; Communities; Plantations; Glyphosate; Community structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating ecological integrity in the interior Columbia River basin AN - 18197720; 5210722 AB - The adoption of ecosystem-based management strategies focuses attention on the need for broad scale estimates of ecological conditions; this poses two challenges for the science community: estimating broad scale ecosystem conditions from highly disparate data, often observed at different spatial scales, and interpreting these conditions relative to goals such as sustainability. The Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project (ICBEMP), estimated relative composite ecological integrity by clustering conditions among proxy variables representing three component integrity ratings (forestland, rangeland, and aquatic integrity). Composite ecological integrity provides an estimate of relative system condition within the interior Columbia River basin assessment area that is responsive to changes in broad scale land management practices. Broad-scale measures can be used to assess progress toward land management goals or as an aide for managers in selecting or prioritizing areas (watersheds) for treatment. Currently, federal land managers are using estimates of current composite ecological integrity and trends in ecological integrity to prioritize management activities and understand effects of management actions. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Quigley, T M AU - Haynes, R W AU - Hann, W J AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 97850 La Grande, OR USA Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 161 EP - 178 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 153 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, Columbia R. KW - ecological integrity KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - USA, Columbia R. Basin KW - Ecosystems KW - Forests KW - Sustainable development KW - River basins KW - Ecological Effects KW - Forest Management KW - Land use KW - Ecology KW - Rangelands KW - Ecosystem management KW - River Basin Management KW - Environment management KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18197720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Race+and+Social+Problems&rft.atitle=The+What%2C+the+Why%2C+and+the+How%3A+A+Review+of+Racial+Microaggressions+Research+in+Psychology&rft.au=Wong%2C+Gloria%3BDerthick%2C+Annie+O%3BDavid%2C+E+J%3B+R%3BSaw%2C+Anne%3BOkazaki%2C+Sumie&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Gloria&rft.date=2014-06-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Race+and+Social+Problems&rft.issn=18671748&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12552-013-9107-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Ecosystem management; Land use; Ecology; Rangelands; Sustainable development; Forests; River basins; Environment management; Ecosystems; Ecological Effects; Forest Management; River Basin Management; USA, Columbia R. Basin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Science and ecosystem management in the interior Columbia basin AN - 18196464; 5210713 AB - Significant changes over the past 150 years in aquatic, terrestrial, landscape, and socioeconomic systems have altered biophysical systems in the interior Columbia basin. Changes and conflict in public policy concerns, such as resource use vs. restoration vs. conservation are especially evident in more than 34% of total forest and rangeland in the United States that are federally administered. In the last decade, design and implementation of complex land management strategies has become an issue for public land managers. In turn, the scientific community is often challenged to develop approaches for management of complete ecosystems. This paper discusses the use of science in the assessment and evaluation phases of one large-scale (multi-region) ecosystem management effort on federal lands in the Columbia river basin, the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project (ICBEMP), and briefly describes the evaluations of three alternative management strategies which are detailed by other papers in this issue. This paper contends that understanding the context of land management decisions is essential to defining the veracity or applicability of alternative land management strategies. Evaluating the alternatives is a complicated science process, which requires understanding the effects of each set of direction over both the short and long term, projecting the effects of those directions, making assumptions about pieces not yet developed, and modeling resource change. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Haynes, R W AU - Quigley, T M AU - Clifford, J L AU - Gravenmier, R A AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, P.O. Box 3890, 97208 Portland, OR USA Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 3 EP - 14 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 153 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, Columbia R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Forest management KW - USA, Columbia R. Basin KW - Ecosystems KW - Land Management KW - Ecosystem management KW - Watershed Management KW - Ecological Effects KW - River Basin Management KW - Forest Management KW - Land use KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18196464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Science+and+ecosystem+management+in+the+interior+Columbia+basin&rft.au=Haynes%2C+R+W%3BQuigley%2C+T+M%3BClifford%2C+J+L%3BGravenmier%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Ecosystem management; Land use; Land Use; Land Management; Ecosystems; Watershed Management; Ecological Effects; Forest Management; River Basin Management; USA, Columbia R. Basin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Broad-scale consequences of land management: Columbia basin example AN - 18195824; 5210723 AB - Integrating management actions to consistently achieve broad ecological and socioeconomic goals is a challenge largely unmet. The presumed or real conflict between these goals establishes a forum for debate. Broad measures are needed to describe tradeoffs, trends in conditions under varying management scenarios, and a transparent science underpinning. The Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project in the northwestern United States provides a useful example where scientists, managers, and the public have explored these issues in depth. From a science perspective we conclude that a successful strategy for broad-scale land management will need the ability to do the following: maintain long-term sustainability of resources and ecosystems; maintain socioeconomic resiliency; continually assess results of management activities; manage risks and opportunities through consistent approaches at multiple scales; expand our knowledge base; and adaptively manage for new knowledge and assessments of resource conditions/capabilities. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Haynes, R W AU - Quigley, T M AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 3890, 97208 Portland, OR USA Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 179 EP - 188 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 153 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, Columbia R. KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Forest management KW - Resource management KW - USA, Columbia R. Basin KW - Land Management KW - Ecosystems KW - Sustainable development KW - Socioeconomics KW - River basins KW - Economic Aspects KW - Land use KW - Ecology KW - Ecosystem management KW - Social Aspects KW - Environment management KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18195824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Broad-scale+consequences+of+land+management%3A+Columbia+basin+example&rft.au=Haynes%2C+R+W%3BQuigley%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Ecosystem management; Land use; Resource management; Socioeconomics; Sustainable development; River basins; Environment management; Ecology; Land Use; Ecosystems; Land Management; Economic Aspects; Social Aspects; USA, Columbia R. Basin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Status and trends of habitats of terrestrial vertebrates in relation to land management in the interior Columbia river basin AN - 18195784; 5210717 AB - We analyzed effects of three land management alternatives on 31 terrestrial vertebrates of conservation concern within the interior Columbia river basin study area. The three alternatives were proposed in a Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) that was developed for lands in the study area administered by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service (FS) and US Department of Interior (USDA) Bureau of Land Management (BLM). To evaluate effects of these alternatives, we developed Bayesian belief network (BBN) models, which allowed empirical and hypothesized relations to be combined in probability-based projections of conditions. We used the BBN models to project abundance and distribution of habitat to support potential populations (population outcomes) for each species across the entire study area. Population outcomes were defined in five classes, referred to as outcomes A-E. Under outcome A, populations are abundant and well distributed, with little or no likelihood of extirpation. By contrast, populations under outcome E are scarce and patchy, with a high likelihood of local or regional extirpation. Outcomes B-D represent gradients of conditions between the extremes of classes A and E. Most species (65%, or 20 of 31) were associated with outcome A historically and with outcomes D or E currently (55%, or 17 of 31). Population outcomes projected 100 years into the future were similar for all three alternatives but substantially different from historical and current outcomes. For species dependent on old-forest conditions, population outcomes typically improved one outcome class -- usually from E or D to D or C -- from current to the future under the alternatives. By contrast, population outcomes for rangeland species generally did not improve under the alternatives, with most species remaining in outcomes C, D, or E. Our results suggest that all three management alternatives will substantially improve conditions for most forest-associated species but provide few improvements for rangeland-associated vertebrates. Continued displacement of native vegetation by exotic plants, as facilitated by a variety of human-associated disturbances, will be an on-going challenge to the improvement of future conditions for rangeland species. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Raphael, M G AU - Wisdom, MJ AU - Rowland, M M AU - Holthausen, R S AU - Wales, B C AU - Marcot, B G AU - Rich, T D AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3625 93rd Avenue, 98512-9193 Olympia, WA USA Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 63 EP - 87 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 153 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Amphibians KW - Birds KW - Mammals KW - Reptiles KW - USA, Columbia R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Forest management KW - USA, Columbia R. Basin KW - Mammalia KW - Ecological Effects KW - Streams KW - Range management KW - Land use KW - Aves KW - Reptilia KW - Amphibia KW - Environmental Impact Statement KW - Riparian Land KW - Introduced species KW - River Basin Management KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18195784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Status+and+trends+of+habitats+of+terrestrial+vertebrates+in+relation+to+land+management+in+the+interior+Columbia+river+basin&rft.au=Raphael%2C+M+G%3BWisdom%2C+MJ%3BRowland%2C+M+M%3BHolthausen%2C+R+S%3BWales%2C+B+C%3BMarcot%2C+B+G%3BRich%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Raphael&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Introduced species; Range management; Land use; Land Use; Riparian Land; Environmental Impact Statement; Ecological Effects; River Basin Management; Streams; Reptilia; Aves; Amphibia; Mammalia; USA, Columbia R. Basin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in terrestrial plant communities and landscape health indicate the effects of alternative management strategies in the interior Columbia River basin AN - 18195562; 5210719 AB - Current and potential future conditions of terrestrial plant communities and landscape health were modeled for three alternative public land management strategies in the interior Columbia River basin. Landscape health was defined as an integration of the degree to which vegetation and disturbance conditions resemble native patterns and support levels of human activity. The range of vegetation and disturbance variability for a period before the middle 19th century was used as a basis for comparison of current and future regimes to the "historical" system. Departure from the "historical" regime in wildland environments was found to be related to altered disturbance patterns, especially changed fire regimes, forest insect and disease levels and excessive livestock grazing effects. Overall, mid-seral forests are currently more prevalent than they were in the past and old forests, especially single-layer structural types, are less abundant. Non-native plant species and altered plant community composition conditions exist across broad areas of rangelands. Landscape health has declined substantially in many areas. Proposed management strategies that emphasize maintenance and restoration activities in a hierarchical landscape approach should generate improved landscape health conditions over the next 100 years. However, the massive scale of changes to disturbance and vegetation patterns from historical to current times and the cost of implementing restoration activities make dramatic improvement unlikely. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hemstrom, MA AU - Korol, J J AU - Hann, W J AD - USDA Forest Service, Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project, 4th Floor, P.O. Box 3623, 97208 Portland, OR USA Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 105 EP - 125 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 153 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - USA, Columbia R. Basin KW - Ecosystem management KW - Plant communities KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18195562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Trends+in+terrestrial+plant+communities+and+landscape+health+indicate+the+effects+of+alternative+management+strategies+in+the+interior+Columbia+River+basin&rft.au=Hemstrom%2C+MA%3BKorol%2C+J+J%3BHann%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Hemstrom&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Columbia R. Basin; Plant communities; Ecosystem management; Forest management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association Between Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Habitat Characteristics in Oak-Dominated Mixed Forests AN - 18194925; 5222032 AB - The relationship between ants and their habitats was examined in oak-dominated mixed forests in the central Appalachian mountains. Ants were sampled using pitfall traps over the summers of 1995, 1996, and 1997. Principal component and correlation analysis indicated that ant diversity (Shannon's H'), species richness, and abundance were closely correlated with habitat principal components. Fewer ants, lower number of species, and lower ant diversity were found at sites with higher elevation and soil moisture. Diversity (H') of ants and species richness decreased by 0.1 (R super(2) = 0.75) and 2.2 (R super(2) = 0.57) when the elevation increased 100 m, respectively. As the elevation increased, there were relatively less Formica neogagates Emery and more Aphaenogaster rudis (Emery). More ant species and individuals were found on ridges than in valleys. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Wang, Changlu AU - Strazanac, J S AU - Butler, L AD - Stoneville Research Quarantine Facility, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA, cwang@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 842 EP - 848 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Oaks KW - Ants KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Formicidae KW - Forests KW - Habitat KW - Population ecology KW - USA KW - Quercus KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18194925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Association+Between+Ants+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+and+Habitat+Characteristics+in+Oak-Dominated+Mixed+Forests&rft.au=Wang%2C+Changlu%3BStrazanac%2C+J+S%3BButler%2C+L&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Changlu&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=842&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; Formicidae; USA; Forests; Population ecology; Habitat ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenology of Arthropod Pests and Associated Natural Predators on Avocado Leaves, Fruit, and in Leaf Litter in Southern California AN - 18194860; 5222039 AB - Abundance of Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Oligonychus perseae Tuttle, Baker & Abbatiello (Acari: Tetranychidae), predators, and associations among their population trends on avocado leaves and fruit were determined in three untreated avocado orchards in Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties, CA, from 1998 to 2000. Objectives were to understand pest-predator dynamics and to assess which predators have potential as biological control agents. Numbers of S. perseae and predators from leaf litter/soil were also determined in one orchard from 1998 to 2000. On leaves, O. perseae was the most abundant pest, followed by S. perseae, and Oligonychus puniciae (Hirst) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Phytoseiid mites and spiders were the most abundant predators. The predatory thrips Franklinothrips orizabensis Johansen and Aeolothrips kuwanaii Moulton (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) were also relatively- abundant compared with at least 13 other species of predators on leaves. On immature avocado fruit, S. perseae was the most abundant pest and phytoseiid mites, F. orizabensis, and A. kuwanaii were the three most abundant predators. No consistent positive associations between pests and predators were seen on leaves, but F. orizabensis, A. kuwanaii, and phytoseiid numbers on fruit and S. perseae numbers on fruit were positively and significantly associated in all three orchards. In addition, there were significant positive associations between S. perseae and predatory thrips populations from leaf litter in two of the 3 yr. These pest-predator interactions may play a role in developing new control strategies and the importance of these relationships needs to be experimentally investigated. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Yee, W L AU - Phillips, P A AU - Rodgers, J L AU - Faber, BA AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA, wlyee@yarl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 892 EP - 898 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Acari KW - Thysanoptera KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Predation KW - Population dynamics KW - Host plants KW - Leaf litter KW - Phenology KW - USA, California KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18194860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Phenology+of+Arthropod+Pests+and+Associated+Natural+Predators+on+Avocado+Leaves%2C+Fruit%2C+and+in+Leaf+Litter+in+Southern+California&rft.au=Yee%2C+W+L%3BPhillips%2C+P+A%3BRodgers%2C+J+L%3BFaber%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Yee&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=892&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, California; Population dynamics; Predation; Leaf litter; Host plants; Phenology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interruption of Semiochemical-Mediated Attraction of Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Selected Nontarget Insects by Verbenone AN - 18194768; 5222031 AB - We tested two formulations of verbenone for efficacy in protecting ponderosa pine trees from attack by the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte: (1) polyethylene bubblecaps filled with 800 mg of neat verbenone, and (2) a sprayable water suspension of microencapsulated verbenone. We baited artificial trees (cardboard cylinders coupled with Lindgren pheromone traps) with host kairomones and the verbenone formulations. Efficacy was measured by numbers of beetles captured in baited traps. Both release systems significantly reduced trap catch, and there was no significant difference between them. Both systems have promise for use in forest stands, depending on management objectives and land use. Verbenone was an interruptant for some nontarget insects, especially Coleoptera, and none were consistently attracted to verbenone. We report on verbenone as an interruptant to host attraction in the red turpentine beetle, and also on the efficacy of a microencapsulated scolytid semiochemical. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Rappaport, NG AU - Owen AU - Stein, J D AD - Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Albany, CA 94710, USA, nrappaport@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 837 EP - 841 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Bark beetles KW - Red turpentine beetle KW - verbenone KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Semiochemicals KW - Attraction KW - Pest control KW - Volatiles KW - Nontarget organisms KW - Dendroctonus valens KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - R 18053:Pest control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18194768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Interruption+of+Semiochemical-Mediated+Attraction+of+Dendroctonus+valens+%28Coleoptera%3A+Scolytidae%29+and+Selected+Nontarget+Insects+by+Verbenone&rft.au=Rappaport%2C+NG%3BOwen%3BStein%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Rappaport&rft.aufirst=NG&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scolytidae; Dendroctonus valens; Semiochemicals; Attraction; Volatiles; Nontarget organisms; Pest control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships Between Scirtothrips perseae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Populations on Avocado Leaves, Fruit, and Scarring Damage on Fruit AN - 18194214; 5222045 AB - Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara causes significant scarring of avocado fruit and is the most serious pest of avocado in southern California. Because it was described only in 1997, no information that can be used for its control exists, including the relationships between its densities on leaves and fruit and scarring damage on fruit. To determine these relationships, percentages of scarring damage on avocado fruit were regressed against thrips numbers/leaf and numbers/fruit using data collected from three orchards in Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties, CA, from 1997 through 1999. Thrips population increases were positively related to leaf growth flushes. Numbers of first and second instars, total larvae, and adults/leaf were all predictive of scarring on fruit. Peaks of three to five larvae/leaf before and during fruit set predicted 6-15% economic scarring damage on fruit from October through December, whereas means of 0.5-1.5 larvae/small fruit predicted 22-51% scarring. Fruit were most susceptible to damage within a 2-wk period during and shortly after fruit set when they measured 0.53-1.42 cm long. Results suggest S. perseae numbers on leaves during fruit set can be used to predict scarring damage on fruit, and that damage thresholds may be less than or equal to 5 larvae/leaf during this time. Because low numbers of larvae on fruit within a 2-wk period can result in high scarring damage, early treatments when thrips are on leaves, just before they move onto fruit, may help prevent damage to fruit. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Yee, W L AU - Phillips, P A AU - Faber, BA AU - Rodgers, J L AD - Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA, wlyee@yarl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 932 EP - 938 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Thysanoptera KW - Common thrips KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pest attack KW - Damage KW - Feeding KW - Fruits KW - Population dynamics KW - Host plants KW - Persea americana KW - USA, California KW - Scirtothrips perseae KW - Thripidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18194214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Relationships+Between+Scirtothrips+perseae+%28Thysanoptera%3A+Thripidae%29+Populations+on+Avocado+Leaves%2C+Fruit%2C+and+Scarring+Damage+on+Fruit&rft.au=Yee%2C+W+L%3BPhillips%2C+P+A%3BFaber%2C+BA%3BRodgers%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Yee&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=932&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thripidae; Scirtothrips perseae; Persea americana; USA, California; Population dynamics; Host plants; Fruits; Feeding; Damage; Pest attack ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Costs and effectiveness of multi-scale integrated management AN - 18192879; 5210720 AB - To understand benefits of integrating management at landscape scales, we estimated cost and projected integrated outcomes for three alternatives for public land management in the interior Columbia River basin over 100 years. Effectiveness was measured in terms of costs and trends of long-term (100 years) land and fire management, landscape health, and reduction of risks across several broad aquatic, terrestrial, landscape, and socioeconomic indicators. Lowest costs with most positive cumulative trends for these variables occurred where alternatives "step down" assessment and planning from broader scales, focusing restoration efforts sufficiently to overcome opposite effects of traditional reserve protection or commodity management strategies. Integrated management implemented at interconnected scales appears to have multiple positive outcomes. Landscape health, conditions for native fish and wildlife species and jobs from restoration activities can improve, while risks to firefighters and property decline. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hann, W J AU - Hemstrom, MA AU - Haynes, R W AU - Clifford, J L AU - Gravenmier, R A AD - USDA Forest Service, 1015 N. Poplar, 80461 Leadville, CO USA Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 127 EP - 145 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 153 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, Columbia R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Forest management KW - Wildlife management KW - USA, Columbia R. Basin KW - Land Management KW - Cost Analysis KW - Land use KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Riparian Land KW - Economics KW - Social Aspects KW - River Basin Management KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 4060:Nonstructural alternatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18192879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Costs+and+effectiveness+of+multi-scale+integrated+management&rft.au=Hann%2C+W+J%3BHemstrom%2C+MA%3BHaynes%2C+R+W%3BClifford%2C+J+L%3BGravenmier%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Hann&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cost-benefit analysis; Forest management; Wildlife management; Economics; Land use; Land Use; Land Management; Riparian Land; Social Aspects; Cost Analysis; River Basin Management; USA, Columbia R. Basin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Roles of research scientists in natural resource decision-making AN - 18192511; 5210724 AB - The issues surrounding natural resource decision-making in the present day are complex, varied and debated frequently and contentiously by the public. The complexity of the issues poses new challenges for scientists who are being asked to actively engage in this debate. This raises questions about what is credible scientific information and how such information is used in often emotionally or politically laden natural resource management decisions. One result has been an uncomfortable partnership among scientists and natural resource managers. Scientists are being asked to frame their research in ways that maintains scientific independence yet is responsive to management questions, at scales that often challenge existing scientific knowledge and under severe time constraints. Resource decision-makers are challenged to clarify their management goals, to fully understand and use the science, and to explicitly identify the level of acceptable risk. Using the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project as an example, lessons learned from the interaction among scientists and natural resource decision-makers is discussed and propositions for appropriate roles are presented. When properly generated, presented, and accountably used, science facilitates discussion among competing interests by helping to define the range of available choice and focusing discussions on consequences of social choice. By expanding and revealing the range of possible outcomes, scientists increase the likelihood that management decisions are understood and that those decisions can endure. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Mills, T J AU - Clark, R N AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR USA Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 189 EP - 198 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 153 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - USA, Columbia R. KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Decision making KW - Forest management KW - Research Priorities KW - USA, Columbia R. Basin KW - Planning KW - Conservation KW - Decision Making KW - Resources Management KW - Public Opinion KW - Land use KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18192511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Roles+of+research+scientists+in+natural+resource+decision-making&rft.au=Mills%2C+T+J%3BClark%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Decision making; Land use; Research Priorities; Planning; Conservation; Decision Making; Resources Management; Public Opinion; USA, Columbia R. Basin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of potential effects of federal land management alternatives on trends of salmonids and their habitats in the interior Columbia River basin AN - 18191267; 5210716 AB - Aquatic species throughout the interior Columbia River basin are at risk. Evaluation of the potential effects of federal land management on aquatic ecosystems across this region is an important but challenging task. Issues include the size and complexity of the systems, uncertainty in important processes and existing states, flexibility and consistency in the analytical framework, and an ability to quantify results. We focused on salmonid fishes and their habitats as indicators of conditions in aquatic ecosystems and used Bayesian belief networks as a formal, quantitative framework to address the issues in our evaluation of land management alternatives proposed for the interior Columbia River basin. Because empirical information is limited at the scales relevant to our analysis, an ability to combine both empirical and more subjective information was key to the analysis. The representation of linkages through conditional probabilities made uncertainty explicit. We constructed two general networks. One represented the influence of landscape characteristics and existing and predicted management activities on aquatic habitats. A second represented the influence of habitat, existing biotic conditions, and for two anadromous species, ocean and migratory conditions, on the status of six widely distributed salmonid fishes. In the long term (100 years) all three land management alternatives were expected to produce positive changes in the status and distribution of the salmonids and their habitats. Trends were stronger for habitat than for the status of salmonids because of greater uncertainty in linking the fish and habitat networks and constraints outside spawning and rearing habitat on federal lands in the study area. Trends were stronger for resident salmonids than anadromous forms because of additional effects of the migratory corridor assumed for the latter. Alternative S2, which approached ecosystem restoration more conservatively, generally produced the strongest positive changes, and alternative S3, designed to promote more aggressive restoration, the weakest. Averaged across the basin, differences among the alternatives were small. Differences were greater at finer temporal and spatial scales. In the short term (10 years) alternative S3 was expected to lead to further degradation in some areas. By formalizing our understanding and assumptions in these networks, we provided a framework for exploring differences in the management alternatives that is more quantifiable, spatially explicit, and flexible than previous approaches. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Rieman, B AU - Peterson, J T AU - Clayton, J AU - Howell, P AU - Thurow, R AU - Thompson, W AU - Lee, D AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 316 East Myrtle, 83702 Boise, ID USA Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 43 EP - 62 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 153 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Long-term effects KW - USA, Columbia R. KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Land Use KW - Environmental Effects KW - Resource management KW - Land Management KW - Ecosystems KW - Anadromous species KW - Government policy KW - Freshwater KW - Ecological Effects KW - Resources Management KW - River fisheries KW - environmental policy KW - Restoration KW - Migratory species KW - Oncorhynchus KW - Ecosystem management KW - Environmental Policy KW - River basin management KW - Rivers KW - Policies KW - Environmental impact KW - River basins KW - Habitat KW - Environmental legislation KW - Aquatic environment KW - Land use KW - Salmon fisheries KW - USA KW - Environmental restoration KW - Governments KW - D 04700:Management KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18191267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+potential+effects+of+federal+land+management+alternatives+on+trends+of+salmonids+and+their+habitats+in+the+interior+Columbia+River+basin&rft.au=Rieman%2C+B%3BPeterson%2C+J+T%3BClayton%2C+J%3BHowell%2C+P%3BThurow%2C+R%3BThompson%2C+W%3BLee%2C+D&rft.aulast=Rieman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Policies; Resource management; Anadromous species; Environmental impact; Environmental legislation; Habitat; River fisheries; Land use; Aquatic environment; Restoration; Salmon fisheries; Migratory species; Ecosystem management; Governments; River basin management; Government policy; Environmental restoration; River basins; environmental policy; Environmental Effects; Land Use; Ecosystems; Land Management; Environmental Policy; Ecological Effects; Resources Management; Oncorhynchus; USA; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unintentionally Released Chaetorellia succinea (Diptera. Tephritidae): Is This Natural Enemy of Yellow Starthistle a Threat to Safflower Growers? AN - 18189595; 5222048 AB - In mid-1996, we detected an unintentionally introduced seed-head fly, Chaetorellia succinea (Costa), destroying seeds of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L., one of the worst weeds in the western United States. In overseas studies, Chaetorellia succinea had been considered as a potential biological control agent for yellow starthistle, but had been rejected because of fears that it might become a pest of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., in the United States. From mid-1996 through early 2000, we conducted both laboratory and field evaluations to determine whether this fly could cause significant damage to safflower, a widely planted crop in California. In laboratory no-choice host range evaluations, adult females would oviposit, and the larvae completed development, on all five varieties of safflower that we tested. However, in choice tests, only one head each of two varieties of safflower was attacked. No safflower was attacked at three sites in California and Oregon, with large populations of Chaetorellia succinea, where we grew five varieties of safflower as 'trap plants.' Our monitoring of possible Chaetorellia succinea attack on safflower growing in 47 fields in California detected a small, but persistent population of this fly infesting an uncommon safflower variety at one field. We feel that our results indicate a minimal risk to commercial safflower growers, and this fly continues to show promise in assisting toward the eventual biological control of yellow starthistle. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Balciunas, J K AU - Villegas, B AD - Exotic and Invasive Weed Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA, joebalci@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 953 EP - 963 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Centaurea solstitialis KW - Natural enemies KW - Chaetorellia succinea KW - Carthamus tinctorius KW - Host plants KW - Weed control KW - Tephritidae KW - USA KW - Introduced species KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18189595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Unintentionally+Released+Chaetorellia+succinea+%28Diptera.+Tephritidae%29%3A+Is+This+Natural+Enemy+of+Yellow+Starthistle+a+Threat+to+Safflower+Growers%3F&rft.au=Balciunas%2C+J+K%3BVillegas%2C+B&rft.aulast=Balciunas&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=953&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tephritidae; Chaetorellia succinea; Centaurea solstitialis; Carthamus tinctorius; USA; Natural enemies; Biological control; Host plants; Weed control; Introduced species ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Availability of Glutamate and Arginine during Acid Challenge Determines Cell Density-Dependent Survival Phenotype of Escherichia coli Strains AN - 18189351; 5217927 AB - The cell density-dependent acid sensitivity phenotypes of Escherichia coli strains K-12 and O157:H7 were examined with reference to three possible mechanisms of acid resistance. There was no evidence of any diffusible substance released from dead cells which could influence the cell density-dependent acid survival phenotype. Instead, cell density-dependent acid survival phenotype was associated with induction of glutamate- and arginine-decarboxylase acid survival pathways and concomitant availability of glutamate and arginine during acid challenge. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Cui, S AU - Meng, J AU - Bhagwat, A A AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Bldg. 002, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350., bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 4914 EP - 4918 VL - 67 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - survival KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Acidity KW - Bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) (Escherichia) KW - Acids KW - Escherichia coli KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18189351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Availability+of+Glutamate+and+Arginine+during+Acid+Challenge+Determines+Cell+Density-Dependent+Survival+Phenotype+of+Escherichia+coli+Strains&rft.au=Cui%2C+S%3BMeng%2C+J%3BBhagwat%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Cui&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4914&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.67.10.4914-4918.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acids; Bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) (Escherichia); Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.10.4914-4918.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The influence of elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) on fine root dynamics in an intact temperate forest AN - 18188383; 5215751 AB - Root dynamics are important for plant, ecosystem and global carbon cycling. Changes in root dynamics caused by rising atmospheric CO sub(2) not only have the potential to moderate further CO sub(2) increases, but will likely affect forest function. We used FACE (Free-Air CO sub(2) Enrichment) to expose three 30-m diameter plots in a 13-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forest to elevated (ambient + 200 mu L L super(-1)) atmospheric CO sub(2). Three identical fully instrumented plots were implemented as controls (ambient air only). We quantified root dynamics from October 1998 to October 1999 using minirhizotrons. In spite of 16% greater root lengths and 24% more roots per minirhizotron tube, the effects of elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) on root lengths and numbers were not statistically significant. Similarly, production and mortality were also unaffected by the CO sub(2) treatment, even though annual root production and mortality were 26% and 46% greater in elevated compared to ambient CO sub(2) plots. Average diameters of live roots present at the shallowest soil depth were, however, significantly enhanced in CO sub(2)-enriched plots. Mortality decreased with increasing soil depth and the slopes of linear regression lines (mortality vs. depth) differed between elevated and ambient CO sub(2) treatments, reflecting the significant CO sub(2) by depth interaction. Relative root turnover (root flux/live root pool) was unchanged by exposure to elevated atmospheric CO sub(2). Results from this study suggest modest, if any, increases in ecosystem-level root productivity in CO sub(2)-enriched environments. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Pritchard, S G AU - Rogers, H H AU - Davis, MA AU - Van Santen, E AU - Prior, SA AU - Schlesinger, W H AD - USDA-ARS Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit, 302 West I-20, Big Spring, TX 79720, USA, spritchard@lbk.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 829 EP - 837 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 7 IS - 7 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Loblolly pine KW - Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Carbon dioxide effects on forests KW - Plant physiology KW - Climatic changes KW - Pinus taeda KW - Forests KW - Roots KW - Carbon dioxide KW - D 04125:Temperate forests KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18188383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=The+influence+of+elevated+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+on+fine+root+dynamics+in+an+intact+temperate+forest&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+S+G%3BRogers%2C+H+H%3BDavis%2C+MA%3BVan+Santen%2C+E%3BPrior%2C+SA%3BSchlesinger%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1354-1013.2001.00457.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; Roots; Forests; Climatic changes; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide effects on forests; Plant physiology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00457.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A global perspective of ground level, 'ambient' carbon dioxide for assessing the response of plants to atmospheric CO sub(2) AN - 18186554; 5215748 AB - For most studies involving the response of plants to future concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)), a current concentration of 360-370 mu atm is assumed, based on recent data obtained from the Mauna Loa observatory. In the present study, average seasonal diurnal values of ambient CO sub(2) obtained at ground level from three global locations (Australia, Japan and the USA) indicated that the average CO sub(2) (at canopy height) can vary from over 500 mu atm at night to 350 mu atm during the day with average 24-h values ranging from 390 to 465 mu atm. At all sites sampled, ambient CO sub(2) rose to a maximum value during the pre-dawn period (03. 00-06. 00 hours); at sunrise, CO sub(2) remained elevated for several hours before declining to a steady-state concentration between 350 and 400 mu atm by mid-morning (08. 00-10. 00 hours). Responses of plant growth to simulations of the observed variation of in situ CO sub(2) were compared to growth at a constant CO sub(2) concentration in controlled environment chambers. Three diurnal patterns were used (constant 370 mu atm CO sub(2), constant 370 during the day (07. 00-19. 00 hours), high CO sub(2) (500 mu atm) at night; or, high CO sub(2) (500 mu atm) at night and during the early morning (07. 00-09. 00 hours) decreasing to 370 mu atm by 10. 00 hours). Three plant species - soybean (Glycine max, L (Merr. ), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti L. ) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. ) - were grown in each of these environments. For soybean, high night-time CO sub(2) resulted in a significant increase in net assimilation rate (NAR), plant growth, leaf area and biomass relative to a constant ambient value of CO sub(2) by 29 days after sowing. Significant increases in NAR for all three species, and significant increases in leaf area, growth and total biomass for two of the three C3 species tested (velvetleaf and soybean) were also observed after 29 days post sowing for the high night/early morning diurnal pattern of CO sub(2). Data from these experiments suggest that the ambient CO sub(2) concentration experienced by some plants is higher than the Mauna Loa average, and that growth of some agricultural species at in situ CO sub(2) levels can differ significantly from the constant CO sub(2) value used as a control in many CO sub(2) experiments. This suggests that a reassessment of control conditions used to quantify the response of plants to future, elevated CO sub(2) may be required. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Ziska, L H AU - Ghannoum, O AU - Baker, J T AU - Conroy, J AU - Bunce, JA AU - Kobayashi, K AU - Okada, M AD - Climate Stress Laboratory and Remote Sensing and Modelling Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 789 EP - 796 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 7 IS - 7 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Carbon dioxide effects on plants KW - USA KW - Carbon dioxide uptake by plants KW - Climatic changes KW - Plants KW - Australia KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Japan KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18186554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=A+global+perspective+of+ground+level%2C+%27ambient%27+carbon+dioxide+for+assessing+the+response+of+plants+to+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29&rft.au=Ziska%2C+L+H%3BGhannoum%2C+O%3BBaker%2C+J+T%3BConroy%2C+J%3BBunce%2C+JA%3BKobayashi%2C+K%3BOkada%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ziska&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=789&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2486.2001.00436.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australia; Japan; USA; Climatic changes; Carbon dioxide; Plants; Carbon dioxide effects on plants; Carbon dioxide uptake by plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00436.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotic and Abiotic Factors Limiting Efficacy of Bt Corn in Indirectly Reducing Mycotoxin Levels in Commercial Fields AN - 18162862; 5237607 AB - Incidence of insect damage, and association of insect damage with mycotoxigenic corn ear molds and mycotoxins was examined in commercial fields of Bt and non-Bt hybrids of different backgrounds in Illinois in 1998 and 1999. Nearly 50% Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) infestation sometimes occurred in Bt hybrids that express high levels of the protein in silks and kernels. Damage by European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Huebner, was uncommon, even in non-Bt ears. Levels of total fumonisins were generally less (15- to 1.8-fold) in Bt versus non-Bt hybrids at the same site, with some significant differences. There were several instances where there were no significant differences in fumonisin levels between low/ no Bt kernel hybrids and Bt hybrids that produced high levels of the protein in the kernel and silk tissue. However, significant correlations were often noted between numbers of insect-damaged kernels and total fumonisin levels, especially in 1998, suggesting in these cases that reducing insect damage was still reducing fumonisin levels. There was variability between the correlation coefficient for numbers of insect damaged kernels and fumonisin levels at different sites for the same year, different hybrids at the same site, and the same hybrid for different years. Although reductions in fumonisins in Bt hybrids were more limited than reported in the past, planting the Bt hybrids still appears to be a useful method for indirectly reducing mycotoxins in corn ears. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Dowd, P F AD - Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1067 EP - 1074 VL - 94 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - maize KW - Noctuid moths KW - Corn earworm KW - fumonisins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Fumonisins KW - USA, Illinois KW - Fungi KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - Ostrinia nubilalis KW - Toxins KW - Transgenic plants KW - Mycotoxins KW - Insecticides KW - Zea mays KW - Pest resistance KW - Noctuidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18162862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Biotic+and+Abiotic+Factors+Limiting+Efficacy+of+Bt+Corn+in+Indirectly+Reducing+Mycotoxin+Levels+in+Commercial+Fields&rft.au=Dowd%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1067&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282001%29094%281067%3ABAAFLE%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=94&page=1067 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Noctuidae; Helicoverpa zea; Bacillus thuringiensis; Ostrinia nubilalis; USA, Illinois; Mycotoxins; Fumonisins; Biological control; Insecticides; Transgenic plants; Fungi; Toxins; Pest resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2001)094(1067:BAAFLE)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of Adult Hymenopteran Parasitoids of the Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Broad-Spectrum and Biorational Insecticides in a Laboratory Study AN - 18129441; 5237614 AB - Currently, there is an elevated interest in reducing feeding damage caused by the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), a common regeneration pest of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. The toxicity of several insecticides was tested in a laboratory against four common R. frustrana parasitoids. There were no differences in parasitoid mortality between the control and indoxacarb treatments. However, the pyrethroids, permethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, caused significantly more mortality initially (up to 240 min exposure time) than other insecticides. Spinosad was less toxic than the pyrethroids initially, but the spinosad related mortality increased with time until it reached a level similar to the pyrethroids. For the most part, spinosad and the pyrethroids caused more mortality than the control and indoxacarb treatments within the 1-d sample period. These results may have important implications for decisions concerning which insecticides are best suited for reducing pest damage while conserving natural enemies in timber and agricultural systems. Large-scale field trials are required to further define the impacts of these insecticides on natural enemies. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Nowak, J T AU - McCravy, K W AU - Fettig, C J AU - Berisford, C W AD - USDA Forest Service, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360, USA, jnowak@bugs.ent.uga.edu Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1122 EP - 1129 PB - [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0022-0493&volume=94&page=1122] VL - 94 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Leaf rollers KW - Loblolly pine KW - Nantucket Pine Tip Moth KW - pyrethroids KW - spinosad KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Mortality KW - Natural enemies KW - Chemical control KW - Pinus taeda KW - Rhyacionia frustrana KW - Tortricidae KW - Insecticides KW - Pyrethroids KW - Toxicity testing KW - Parasitoids KW - Z 05183:Toxicology & resistance KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18129441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+Adult+Hymenopteran+Parasitoids+of+the+Nantucket+Pine+Tip+Moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+to+Broad-Spectrum+and+Biorational+Insecticides+in+a+Laboratory+Study&rft.au=Nowak%2C+J+T%3BMcCravy%2C+K+W%3BFettig%2C+C+J%3BBerisford%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Nowak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282001%29094%281122%3ASOAHPO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tortricidae; Pinus taeda; Rhyacionia frustrana; Parasitoids; Toxicity testing; Insecticides; Mortality; Chemical control; Natural enemies; Biological control; Pyrethroids DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2001)094(1122:SOAHPO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved antimicrobial activity of nisin-incorporated polymer films by formulation change and addition of food grade chelator AN - 18121730; 5224732 AB - Aims: The following polymers were developed: polyethylene (PE), a PE and polyethylene oxide (70% PE and 30% PEO; PE + PEO) blend, PE and nisin (PE + nisin), PE, nisin, and EDTA (PE + nisin + EDTA), and PE + PEO with nisin (PE + PEO + nisin). Methods and Results: Of the polymers tested, PE and PE + PEO did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity against Brochothrix thermosphacta (BT); however, PE + nisin, PE + nisin + EDTA, and PE + PEO + nisin did. Beef surfaces were experimentally inoculated with 3.50 log cfu/cm super(2) of BT, vacuum packaged with each of the five polymers, and held at 4 degree C for 21 d. After 3 d at 4 degree C, BT was reduced > 1.70 log by PE + nisin and > 3.50 log with PE + nisin + EDTA or PE + PEO + nisin. By 21 d at 4 degree C, BT was reduced to 0.30 log cfu/cm super(2) when treated with PE + PEO + nisin. Conclusions: It appears that PE + PEO + nisin or PE + nisin + EDTA were more effective for reducing BT, as compared to polymers composed of PE + nisin. Significance and Impact of the Study: Nisin-incorporated polymers may control the growth of undesirable bacteria, thereby extending the shelf life and possibly enhancing the microbial safety of meats. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Cutter, C AU - Willett, J AU - Siragusa, G AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, PO Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA, cnc3@psu.edu Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 325 EP - 328 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - antimicrobial activity KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat KW - Nisin KW - Preservation KW - Polymers KW - Chelating agents KW - Packaging materials KW - Edetic acid KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18121730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Improved+antimicrobial+activity+of+nisin-incorporated+polymer+films+by+formulation+change+and+addition+of+food+grade+chelator&rft.au=Cutter%2C+C%3BWillett%2C+J%3BSiragusa%2C+G&rft.aulast=Cutter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765X.2001.01005.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nisin; Meat; Preservation; Edetic acid; Chelating agents; Polymers; Packaging materials DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2001.01005.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Root systems of some Chihuahuan Desert plants AN - 18112372; 5201223 AB - Root systems of 11 shrub or shrub-like species, 11 grass species, 19 perennial forb species and four annual forb species were excavated on the Jornada Experimental Range in the northern Chihuahuan Desert in southern New Mexico, U.S.A. Maximum radial horizontal spread of shrub root systems usually occurred above calcic and petrocalcic horizons at depths above 1 m. With one exception, all shrub species roots were traced through calcic and petrocalcic horizons to depths down to 5 m. Upward growing roots reaching very shallow depths (<10 cm) were common for most shrub species. Thus, the shrubs can readily access soil water and nutrients from both surface and deep soil horizons. Grass root systems on sandy soils extended radially up to 1.4 m, perhaps an adaptation to capture more soil water from the frequent small rainfall events. Grass roots did not extend through calcic or petrocalcic horizons and none penetrated deeper than 1.6 m. Perennial forb root systems varied in depth of branching but often penetrated into or through calcic and petrocalcic horizons and, like shrubs, have an advantage over grasses during droughts. Root systems of the annual forbs, excavated at the end of a season of above average precipitation, reached depths of 0.5-1.2 m. At each of the 18 excavation sites the roots of all the plant life forms were highly intermingled in the upper soil horizons, indicating that competition for water and soil nutrients is intense. It is believed that the plasticity and architecture of the shrub root systems, enabling them to compete with the grasses for soil water in the upper soil horizons and also access soil water at depths beyond the reach of grass roots, has been a major reason for the increase of shrubs during the historical period in this arid environment. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Gibbens, R P AU - Lenz, J M AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, New Mexico, U.S.A. Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 221 EP - 263 PB - Academic Press VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Soil depth KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Plants KW - Roots KW - Growth patterns KW - D 04140:Taiga/tundra UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18112372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Root+systems+of+some+Chihuahuan+Desert+plants&rft.au=Gibbens%2C+R+P%3BLenz%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Gibbens&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fjare.2000.0784 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New Mexico; Plants; Roots; Growth patterns; Soil depth DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2000.0784 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Secretion of a putative cytotoxin in multiple antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 AN - 18112280; 5201286 AB - Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 (DT104) is a multiple antibiotic-resistant pathogen. DT104 infections have been reported in a multitude of hosts including humans, companion animals, livestock and wildlife. Recently, several isolates of DT104 were recovered from veal calves exhibiting abomasitis, a finding that is inconsistent with classic salmonellosis. One of these isolates was used in murine ligated loop experiments where it was observed that multiresistant DT104 can elaborate a putative cytotoxin. Thus it appears that DT104 has the ability to evade pharmacologic interventions, via antibiotic resistance, and elaborate a toxin that can damage cells. Copyright 2001 Academic Press JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Carlson, SA AU - Meyerholz, D K AU - Stabel, T J AU - Jones, B D AD - Preharvest Food Safety and Enteric Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, U.S.A., University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A., scarlson@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 201 EP - 204 PB - Academic Press VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - secretion KW - cattle KW - abomastitis KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cytotoxins KW - Toxins KW - Salmonellosis KW - Salmonella enterica typhimurium KW - Multiantibiotic resistance KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18112280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Secretion+of+a+putative+cytotoxin+in+multiple+antibiotic+resistant+Salmonella+enterica+serotype+Typhimurium+phagetype+DT104&rft.au=Carlson%2C+SA%3BMeyerholz%2C+D+K%3BStabel%2C+T+J%3BJones%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Fmpat.2001.0461 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enterica typhimurium; Salmonellosis; Antibiotic resistance; Multiantibiotic resistance; Toxins; Cytotoxins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpat.2001.0461 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using microscope observations of thin sections to estimate soil permeability with the Kozeny-Carman equation AN - 18101293; 5202355 AB - In this study we used the Kozeny-Carman (K-C) equation as a semi-physical model for estimating the soil permeability using data derived from microscope observations. Specific surface areas and porosities were obtained from two-point correlation functions derived from scanning electron microscope images of thin sections using a magnification of 50 and a resolution of 1.88 mu m pixel super(-1). Permeabilities were predicted using two published ('Ahuja' and 'Berryman') and one generalized variant of the K-C equation. The latter model was similar to the Berryman variant, but used a free parameter C rather than a porosity dependent formation factor. All K-C model variants were optimized on measured permeabilities. The Ahuja and Berryman K-C models performed relatively poorly with R super(2) values of 0.36 and 0.57, respectively, while the generalized model attained R super(2) values of 0.91. The parameter C was strongly related to texture and, to a lesser extent, particle density. The general model still required measured surface area and porosity. However, we showed that it was possible to estimate these parameters from texture resulting in an R super(2) of 0.87. A fully empirical model that did not assume K-C concepts performed slightly worse (R super(2) = 0.84). The results indicate that after developing the model using microscope information, only macroscopic data are necessary to predict permeability of soils in a semi-physical manner with the K-C equation. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Schaap, M G AU - Lebron, I AD - George E. Brown Jr. US Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, mschaap@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 186 EP - 201 VL - 251 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Electron Microscopy KW - Estimating Equations KW - Soil Texture KW - Soil Porosity KW - Particle Size KW - Porosity KW - Water resources KW - Soil KW - Permeability KW - Water management KW - Soil Properties KW - Permeation KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18101293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Using+microscope+observations+of+thin+sections+to+estimate+soil+permeability+with+the+Kozeny-Carman+equation&rft.au=Schaap%2C+M+G%3BLebron%2C+I&rft.aulast=Schaap&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=251&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Water management; Porosity; Water resources; Permeation; Permeability; Electron Microscopy; Estimating Equations; Soil Texture; Particle Size; Soil Porosity; Soil Properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing soil water retention estimation with the MUUF pedotransfer model using data from the southern United States AN - 18100492; 5202354 AB - Soil hydraulic properties have often been estimated rather than measured. Such estimates are made using pedotransfer functions (PTFs), i.e. regression equations relating soil hydraulic properties to soil basic properties. PTFs were developed from about 18,000 samples from the national soil characterization database that used the clay activity ratio along with texture to characterize the effect of soil minerals on soil hydraulic properties. With those PTFs, the Map Unit User File (MUUF) software was developed to use soil series name and textural class of the uppermost soil horizon to estimate soil water retention. Objectives of this study were: (a) to test the MUUF with a database from Southern Plains, and (b) to see whether the MUUF PTFs will be more accurate with actual soil texture data as compared with the soil texture data for the representative pedon of the soil series. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the MUUF estimates of water content at -33 kPa in the uppermost horizon was about 0.04 m super(3) m super(- 3), when only textural class and soil names were used. The accuracy did not change when the actual soil texture was entered in PTFs. In deeper horizons, the RMSE was about 0.065 m super(3) m super(-3) when only soil name and textural classes were used. The accuracy improved significantly as the actual texture was used instead of the texture derived from the representative pedon. Using actual texture halved the RMSE in estimates of water contents at -1500 kPa. The worst estimates were obtained for silt texture. As compared with PTFs found in literature, the MUUF algorithms provide an average or better accuracy of water retention estimates in the uppermost soil horizons from the soil series name and textural class. For deep soil horizons, the MUUF pedotransfer algorithms are capable of the same degree of accuracy provided the information on texture of the deeper soil horizons is available. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Rawls, W J AU - Pachepsky, Y AU - Shen, M H AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Building 007, Room 104, BARC-WEST, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ypacheps@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 177 EP - 185 VL - 251 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - USA KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Hydraulics KW - Soil Texture KW - Water management KW - Computers KW - Groundwater (see also Aquifers) KW - Water resources KW - Moisture Content KW - Soil Water KW - Soil Horizons KW - Hydraulic Properties KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18100492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Testing+soil+water+retention+estimation+with+the+MUUF+pedotransfer+model+using+data+from+the+southern+United+States&rft.au=Rawls%2C+W+J%3BPachepsky%2C+Y%3BShen%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Rawls&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=251&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Hydraulics; Water management; Computers; Groundwater (see also Aquifers); Water resources; Soil Texture; Moisture Content; Soil Water; Hydraulic Properties; Soil Horizons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ROSETTA: a computer program for estimating soil hydraulic parameters with hierarchical pedotransfer functions AN - 18099174; 5202353 AB - Soil hydraulic properties are necessary for many studies of water and solute transport but often cannot be measured because of practical and/or financial constraints. We describe a computer program, ROSETTA, which implements five hierarchical pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for the estimation of water retention, and the saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The hierarchy in PTFs allows the estimation of van Genuchten water retention parameters and the saturated hydraulic conductivity using limited (textural classes only) to more extended (texture, bulk density, and one or two water retention points) input data. ROSETTA is based on neural network analyses combined with the bootstrap method, thus allowing the program to provide uncertainty estimates of the predicted hydraulic parameters. The general performance of ROSETTA was characterized with coefficients of determination, and root mean square errors (RMSEs). The RMSE values decreased from 0.078 to 0.044 cm super(3) cm super(-3) for water retention when more predictors were used. The RMSE for the saturated conductivity similarly decreased from 0.739 to 0.647 (dimensionless log sub(10) units). The RMSE values for unsaturated conductivity ranged between 0.79 and 1.06, depending on whether measured or estimated retention parameters were used as predictors. Calculated mean errors showed that the PTFs underestimated water retention and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at relatively high suctions. ROSETTA's uncertainty estimates can be used as an indication of model reliability when no hydraulic data are available. The ROSETTA program comes with a graphical user interface that allows user-friendly access to the PTFs, and can be down-loaded from the US Salinity Laboratory website: http://www.ussl.ars.usda.gov/. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Schaap, M G AU - Leij, F J AU - Van Genuchten, MTh AD - George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507-4617, USA, mschaap@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 163 EP - 176 VL - 251 IS - 3-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Hydraulics KW - Lithosphere (see also Soil) KW - Computers KW - Soil/water systems KW - Modelling (-general-) KW - Retention KW - Permeability Coefficient KW - Saturated Soils KW - Neural Networks KW - Soil Properties KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18099174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=ROSETTA%3A+a+computer+program+for+estimating+soil+hydraulic+parameters+with+hierarchical+pedotransfer+functions&rft.au=Schaap%2C+M+G%3BLeij%2C+F+J%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+MTh&rft.aulast=Schaap&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=251&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydraulics; Lithosphere (see also Soil); Computers; Soil/water systems; Modelling (-general-); Retention; Saturated Soils; Neural Networks; Soil Properties; Permeability Coefficient ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunomagnetic separation methods for the isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from ground poultry meats AN - 18094411; 5174309 AB - Campylobacter jejuni is now recognized as a leading foodborne pathogen, for which poultry products constitute the main transmission route. Two alternative immunomagnetic beads (IMB) were tested for direct detection of C. jejuni ATCC 35918 in artificially inoculated ground poultry meats and culture suspension. Polyclonal anti-Campylobacter antibodies were used to coat tosylactivated Dynabeads. The same antibodies conjugated with biotin were used to label streptavidin-coated beads. After these beads were incubated with inoculated poultry slurry or culture suspension, Campylobacter-bead complexes were separated from other components with a magnet. The capture efficiency was tested by plating bead-captured cells and unbound cells in the supernatant onto Karmali agar. The effects of different coating procedures, incubation time (60, 90, 120 min), numbers of immunomagnetic beads (10 super(6) to 10 super(7)/ml) and innoculum levels (10 super(3) to 10 super(7) CFU/g or ml) were determined. Without pre-enrichment, this approach could detect 10 super(4) CFU/g of ground poultry meats. These methods represent a new approach to extracting, concentrating and isolating Campylobacter spp. directly from foods. JF - Journal of Immunological Methods AU - Yu, LSL AU - Uknalis, J AU - Tu, SI AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, 19038 Wyndmoor, PA USA Y1 - 2001/10/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Oct 01 SP - 11 EP - 18 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 256 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - isolation KW - immunomagnetic separation KW - magnetism KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Poultry KW - Suspension culture KW - Meat KW - Antibodies KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Beads KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - F 06713:Physicochemical methods KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18094411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.atitle=Immunomagnetic+separation+methods+for+the+isolation+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+from+ground+poultry+meats&rft.au=Yu%2C+LSL%3BUknalis%2C+J%3BTu%2C+SI&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=LSL&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=256&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.issn=00221759&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Campylobacter jejuni; Meat; Poultry; Antibodies; Beads; Suspension culture ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of a point source input on stream nutrient retention AN - 16137063; 5285391 AB - We examined the effect of a point source (PS) input on water chemistry and nutrient retention in Spavinaw Creek, Arkansas, during summer baseflows in 1998 and 1999. The nutrient uptake length (S sub(w)) concept was used to quantify the impact of nutrient inputs in the receiving stream. We used an artificial injection upstream of the PS inputs to estimate background S sub(w) and used the natural decline in nutrient concentrations below the PS to estimate the net nutrient uptake length (S sub(net)). S sub(w) for soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in the upstream reference section was 0.75 km, but S sub(net) ranged from 9.0 to 31 km for SRP and 3.1 to 12 km for NO sub(3)-N in the reach below the PS. S sub(net)-SRP was significantly correlated with discharge whereas S sub(net)-NO sub(3)-N was correlated with the amount of NO sub(3)-N enrichment from the PS. In order to examine specific mechanisms of P retention, loosely exchangeable P and P Sorption Index (PSI) of stream sediments were measured. Sediments exhibited little natural P buffering capacity (low PSI) above the PS, but P loading from the PS further reduced PSI. Loosely exchangeable P in the sediments also increased three fold below the PS, indicating sediments removed some water column P. The physical process of flow and sediment sorption apparently regulated P retention in Spavinaw Creek, whereas the level of N enrichment and possibly biotic uptake and denitrification influenced N retention. Regardless of the mechanism, Spavinaw Creek demonstrated little ability to retain PS-added nutrients because net nutrient uptake lengths were in the km range. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Haggard, B E AU - Storm, DE AU - Stanley, E H AD - USDA-ARS, 203 Engineering Hall, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA, haggard@uark.edu Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1291 EP - 1301 VL - 37 IS - 5 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - USA, Arkansas KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Flow KW - Receiving water KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Chemical Analysis KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Freshwater KW - Streams KW - Water analysis KW - Point sources KW - Pollutants KW - USA, Arkansas, Spavinaw Creek KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Freshwater pollution KW - Sorption KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Streams (in natural channels) KW - Water pollution KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Sorption (see also Absorption, Adsorption) KW - Chemical analysis KW - Water quality (Natural waters) KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16137063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Effect+of+a+point+source+input+on+stream+nutrient+retention&rft.au=Haggard%2C+B+E%3BStorm%2C+DE%3BStanley%2C+E+H&rft.aulast=Haggard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2002-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment chemistry; Pollutant persistence; Phosphorus; Water analysis; Nitrogen; Freshwater pollution; Sorption; Nutrients; Chemical analysis; Streams; Water pollution; Flow; Point sources; Pollutants; Receiving water; Sorption (see also Absorption, Adsorption); Streams (in natural channels); Water quality (Natural waters); Water Pollution Sources; Water Pollution Effects; Chemical Analysis; USA, Arkansas, Spavinaw Creek; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal occurrence and export of five herbicides from a North Carolina coastal plain watershed AN - 16131860; 5305987 AB - Herbicide detection in surface water sources has caused concern about contamination of these sources and adverse effects on human and aquatic health. Understanding surface water herbicide transport from agriculturally intensive watersheds is useful for development of herbicide best management practices to reduce off-site movement. The seasonal occurrence and load of five herbicides exported by a stream were determined for a North Carolina Coastal Plain watershed. Grab samples were collected across the watershed, and composite samples were collected at the watershed outlet using a flow-proportional sampler. Samples were extracted for the herbicides alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl) acetamide], ametryn [N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamin e], atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], cyanazine [2-([4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino)-2-methyl propanenitrile], and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide]. Herbicides were detected in 15% (n = 415) of the grab samples with atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor detected in 3% to 6%, while alachlor and ametryn were detected in 1% of the samples. The mean stream water herbicide concentrations in grab samples were < 0.9 mu g L super(-1). Herbicides were detected during all four seasons, with most detections occurring during the summer. The low number of herbicide detects and low total mass of these five herbicides exported from the watershed (<0.01% of herbicide applied) suggests that the five investigated herbicides have had a minimal influence on the quality of water exiting this watershed. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Novak, J M AU - Watts, D W AU - Stone, K C AU - Johnson, M H AD - USDA-ARS-CPRC, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501-1242, USA, novak@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1201 EP - 1206 VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Path of Pollutants KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Coastal Waters KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Freshwater KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Seasonal variations KW - Rivers KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Herbicides KW - Fate KW - River water KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Pesticides KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16131860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Seasonal+occurrence+and+export+of+five+herbicides+from+a+North+Carolina+coastal+plain+watershed&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M%3BWatts%2C+D+W%3BStone%2C+K+C%3BJohnson%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; River water; Agricultural pollution; Pollution dispersion; Herbicides; Seasonal variations; Agricultural runoff; Fate; Rivers; Agricultural Runoff; Agricultural Chemicals; Water Pollution Sources; Path of Pollutants; Coastal Waters; Water Pollution Effects; Pesticides; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of annAGNPS on Mississippi Delta MSEA watersheds AN - 16131829; 5305985 AB - Sediment and its associated pollutants entering a water body can be very destructive to the health of that system. Best Management Practices (BMPs) can be used to reduce these pollutants, but understanding the most effective practices is very difficult. Watershed models are the most cost-effective tools to aid in the decision-making process of selecting the BMP that is most effective in reducing the pollutant loadings. The Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollutant Loading model (AnnAGNPS) is one such tool. The objectives of this study were to assemble all necessary data from the Mississippi Delta Management System Evaluation Area (MDMSEA) Deep Hollow watershed to validate AnnAGNPS, and to use the validated AnnAGNPS to evaluate the effectiveness of BMPs for sediment reduction. In this study, AnnAGNPS predictions were compared with three years of field observations from the MDMSEA Deep Hollow watershed. Using no calibrated parameters, AnnAGNPS underestimated observed runoff for extreme events, but the relationship between simulated and observed runoff on an event basis was significant (R super(2) = 0.9). In contrast, the lower R super(2) of 0.5 for event comparison of predicted and observed sediment yields demonstrated that the model was not best suited for short-term individual event sediment prediction. This may be due to the use of Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) within AnnAGNPS, and parameters associated with determining soil loss were derived from long-term average annual soil loss estimates. The agreement between monthly average predicted sediment yield and monthly average observed sediment yield had an R super(2) of 0.7. Three-year predicted total runoff was 89% of observed total runoff, and three-year predicted total sediment yield was 104% of observed total sediment yield. Alternative scenario simulations showed that winter cover crops and impoundments are promising BMPs for sediment reduction. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Yuan, Y AU - Bingner, R L AU - Rebich, R A AD - USDA-ARS-NSL, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, yyuan@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 1183 EP - 1190 VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - USA, Mississippi R. KW - impoundments KW - winter cover crops KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Catchment area KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Watershed Management KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta KW - Soil erosion KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Water Pollution Control KW - Stormwater runoff KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Sediment transport KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Erosion control KW - Sediment pollution KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Model Studies KW - Water quality control KW - USA, Louisiana, Deep Hollow watershed KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Catchments KW - Sediment load KW - USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta KW - Environment management KW - Pollution control KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q2 09283:Soil mechanics KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16131829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+annAGNPS+on+Mississippi+Delta+MSEA+watersheds&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Y%3BBingner%2C+R+L%3BRebich%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2003-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment area; Sediment pollution; Pollution dispersion; Soil erosion; Watersheds; Water quality control; Stormwater runoff; Sediment transport; Sediment load; Environment management; Agricultural runoff; Pollution control; Erosion control; Catchments; Nonpoint pollution; Water Pollution Control; Water Pollution Sources; Water Pollution Effects; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Sediment Contamination; Watershed Management; Model Studies; USA, Louisiana, Deep Hollow watershed; ASW, USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta; USA, Louisiana, Mississippi Delta; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a Broad-Specificity Xylosidase/Arabinosidase Important for Xylooligosaccharide Fermentation by the Ruminal Anaerobe Selenomonas ruminantium GA192 AN - 1468369716; 18620052 AB - Strains of Selenomonas ruminantium vary considerably in their capacity to ferment xylooligosaccharides. This ability ranges from strain GA192, which completely utilized xylose through xylotetraose and was able to ferment considerable quantities of larger oligosaccharides, to strain HD4, which used only the simple sugars present in the hydrolysate. The ability of S. ruminantium GA192 to utilize xylooligosaccharides was correlated with the presence of xylosidase and arabinosidase activities. The production of these activities appears to be regulated in response to carbon source used for growth. Both arabinosidase and xylosidase were induced by growth on xylose or xylooligosaccharides, but no activity was detected in glucose-or arabinose-grown cultures. A genetic locus from S. ruminantium GA192 was cloned into Escherichia coli JM83 that produced both xylosidase and arabinosidase activities. Analyses of crude extracts from the E. coli clone and S. ruminantium GA192 by using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and methylumbelliferyl substrates indicated that a single protein was responsible for both activities. The enzyme expressed in E. coli was capable of degrading xylooligosaccharides derived from xylan. DNA sequencing of the locus demonstrated the presence of an open reading frame that encodes for a protein of 61,174 molecular weight. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Whitehead, Terence R AU - Cotta, Michael A AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service,, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, US Y1 - 2001/10// PY - 2001 DA - Oct 2001 SP - 293 EP - 298 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Carbon sources KW - xylosidase KW - Escherichia coli KW - A 01310:Products of Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1468369716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+Broad-Specificity+Xylosidase%2FArabinosidase+Important+for+Xylooligosaccharide+Fermentation+by+the+Ruminal+Anaerobe+Selenomonas+ruminantium+GA192&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+Terence+R%3BCotta%2C+Michael+A&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=Terence&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002840010304 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - xylosidase; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002840010304 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binding of collagen I to Escherichia coli O157:H7 and inhibition by carrageenans AN - 18134621; 5216343 AB - Research at USDA attempts to eliminate or reduce Escherichia coli contamination in meat and poultry foods by understanding the attachment mechanisms. This study utilizes a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor to determine the interactions of the immobilized E. coli O157:H7 surface with collagen I and selected polysaccharides. The binding and dissociation kinetics of collagen I with E. coli surface molecules had a mean affinity constant (K) of 3 x 10 super(8) (M super(-1)) while the dissociation rate was 4.4 x 10 super(-5) (s super(-1)). Using the SPR biosensor, carrageenan, sodium alginate and pectin were evaluated for their interactions with collagen I and the E. coli surface. Results showed 89% to 100% inhibition by carrageenans and about 50% by sodium alginate and less than 10% by pectin. The biosensor binding studies were augmented by the scanning electron microscopy studies, which also showed the attachment of E. coli to the collagen fibrils of the bovine tissues. These studies serve as the basis for developing new strategies to block bacterial attachment or detach pathogens from animal carcasses. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Medina, M B AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, mmedina@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2001/09/28/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 28 SP - 199 EP - 208 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - binding KW - O157:H7 KW - protection KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biosensors KW - Carcasses KW - carrageenans KW - Escherichia coli KW - Preservation KW - Collagen (type I) KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18134621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Binding+of+collagen+I+to+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+inhibition+by+carrageenans&rft.au=Medina%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-09-28&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; carrageenans; Biosensors; Carcasses; Collagen (type I); Preservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considering uncertainty in comparing the burden of illness due to foodborne microbial pathogens AN - 18130561; 5216344 AB - The uncertainty attendant to burden-of-illness estimates should be taken into account in comparing the public health impact of different foodborne pathogens. In this paper, decision analysis concepts are applied to the comparisons of pathogen-specific burden-of-illness estimates. In situations wherein the magnitude of uncertainty varies, the rank order of pathogen-specific burden-of-illness estimates is sensitive to the decisional criteria applied. To illustrate the magnitude of attendant uncertainty in pathogen-specific foodborne-illness estimates, probabilistic risk assessment methods are used to characterize the uncertainty regarding the burden of illness due to Escherichia coli O157:H7. The magnitude of uncertainty about the burden of food-related illness due to E. coli O157:H7 is substantial, ranging from less than 50,000 to more than 120,000 cases/year. This example underscores the importance of considering the uncertainty attendant to burden-of-illness estimates in comparing the public health impacts of different pathogens. Although some would argue that the expected value of the number of illnesses provides the "best estimate" for decision-making, this merely reflects a decision-making rule of convention and not a scientific truism. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Powell, M AU - Ebel, E AU - Schlosser, W AD - Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis, U.S. Department of Agriculture, SW 5248 S. Ag. Bldg., 1400 Independence Ave., Washington, DC 20250, USA, mpowell@oce.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/09/28/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 28 SP - 209 EP - 215 VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - O157:H7 KW - burden of illness KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Escherichia coli KW - Pathogens KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Public health KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18130561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Considering+uncertainty+in+comparing+the+burden+of+illness+due+to+foodborne+microbial+pathogens&rft.au=Powell%2C+M%3BEbel%2C+E%3BSchlosser%2C+W&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-09-28&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Food-borne diseases; Pathogens; Public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytokine gene expression in ileal tissues of cattle infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis AN - 18096209; 5182773 AB - Cytokine gene expression in ileal tissues of cattle infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was evaluated. The effects of infection with M. paratuberculosis on cytokine production may influence immune regulation at the site of colonization, resulting in the chronic inflammatory state associated with the latter stages of this disease. Ileal samples were obtained at necropsy from noninfected control cows ( n=8 ) and clinically infected cows ( n=7 ) and processed for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Cows infected with M. paratuberculosis were in the latter stages of disease with clinical signs such as weight loss, watery diarrhea, and inappetence. Among cytokines we studied, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha ), IL-1 beta , IL-6, and interferon- gamma (IFN- gamma ) were expressed significantly more in infected animals than in noninfected control animals. The expression of tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- alpha ), however, was not different between the two groups of cattle. In addition, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the number of resident macrophages in the ileum of infected animals was three times greater than that of noninfected cows. In contrast to this, ileal tissues from noninfected control animals contained 1.5 times more neutrophils than the ileal tissues from cows infected with M. paratuberculosis. These data demonstrate that localized ileal cytokine production is different between cows chronically infected with M. paratuberculosis and noninfected control cows. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Lee, H AU - Stabel, J R AU - Kehrli, ME AD - Periparturient Diseases of Cattle Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, 50010 Ames, IA USA Y1 - 2001/09/28/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 28 SP - 73 EP - 85 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 82 IS - 1-2 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - gene expression KW - cattle KW - gamma -Interferon KW - interleukin 1 alpha KW - interleukin 1 beta KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - g-Interferon KW - interleukin 1a KW - interleukin 1b KW - ^g-Interferon KW - interleukin 1^a KW - interleukin 1^b KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis KW - Veterinary medicine KW - Tumor necrosis factor-^a KW - Cytokines KW - Tumor necrosis factor-a KW - J 02862:Infection KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18096209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=Cytokine+gene+expression+in+ileal+tissues+of+cattle+infected+with+Mycobacterium+paratuberculosis&rft.au=Lee%2C+H%3BStabel%2C+J+R%3BKehrli%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-09-28&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; Cytokines; Veterinary medicine; Interleukin 6; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Tumor necrosis factor-^a ER - TY - CONF T1 - Proceedings of the international symposium on passive sampling of gaseous air pollutants in ecological effects research: preface. AN - 71380236; 12806062 JF - TheScientificWorldJournal AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Krupa, S AU - Cox, R Y1 - 2001/09/18/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 18 SP - 461 EP - 462 VL - 1 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Index Medicus KW - California KW - Humans KW - Gases -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- economics KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71380236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.atitle=Proceedings+of+the+international+symposium+on+passive+sampling+of+gaseous+air+pollutants+in+ecological+effects+research%3A+preface.&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BKrupa%2C+S%3BCox%2C+R&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-09-18&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TheScientificWorldJournal&rft.issn=1537-744X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A globally applicable model of daily solar irradiance estimated from air temperature and precipitation data AN - 18207966; 5242311 AB - Although not measured at many ground stations, the total daily solar irradiance (R sub(s)) received at the earth's surface is a critical component of ecosystem carbon, water and energy processes. Methods of estimating R sub(s) from other meteorological data, particularly daily temperatures, have not worked as well in tropical and maritime areas. At Luquillo, Puerto Rico, the daily atmospheric transmittance for solar radiation was approximately equal to one minus the daily-average relative humidity (1 - rh sub(ave)). From these observations, we developed a model (VP-RAD) for estimation of R sub(s) with inputs of daily maximum and minimum air temperature, daily total precipitation, mean annual temperature, mean annual temperature range, site latitude, and site elevation. VP-RAD performed well over large areas; it showed a good agreement with the site data used for model development and for seven other warm, humid locations in the southeastern United States. Comparisons with a similar model revealed that predictions using VP-RAD had lower average errors and improved day-to-day correlation to measured solar irradiance. In a global comparison for the year 1987, VP-RAD-estimated and satellite-derived photosynthetically active radiation converged to within 1.0 MJ m super(-2) day super(-1) at 72% of the 13072 1 degree latitude by 1 degree longitude vegetated grid cells. Although these comparisons revealed areas where VP-RAD may need improvement, VP-RAD should be a useful tool for applications globally. In addition, VP-RAD's similarity in form to the Bristow-Campbell equation provides a convenient method to calculate the site-specific coefficients for this model that is widely used when solar irradiance data are not available. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Winslow, J C AU - Hunt, ER Jr AU - Piper, S C AD - Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, BARC-West, Building 007, Room 104, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, erhunt@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2001/09/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 15 SP - 227 EP - 243 VL - 143 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Carbon KW - Puerto Rico KW - Irradiance KW - Models KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18207966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=A+globally+applicable+model+of+daily+solar+irradiance+estimated+from+air+temperature+and+precipitation+data&rft.au=Winslow%2C+J+C%3BHunt%2C+ER+Jr%3BPiper%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Winslow&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-15&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Irradiance; Models; Puerto Rico ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a technique to determine adequate sample size using subsampling and return interval estimation AN - 18094032; 5175617 AB - To better manage aquatic and riparian ecosystems, knowledge of streamflow return intervals is essential. This leads hydrologists and planners to often question how many years of record are necessary to adequately estimate streamflow characteristics. We propose a nonparametric technique that uses subsampling and return interval estimation to help determine adequate sample size, in order to help answer this question. This technique was applied to 51 years of streamflow record from an untreated catchment known as East St. Louis Creek in the Fraser Experimental Forest. Subsamples of consecutive streamflow record ranging in size from 5 to 25 years were used to empirically estimate the 1.5-, 5-, and 15-year return intervals. These subsample estimates were compared to the 'true' return intervals, which were calculated using the entire period of record. Results showed that an ability to estimate these return intervals within 50% of the true return interval levels required only 5-10 years of data. Increasing the sample size to 15 years provided estimates with up to a 25% error rate, and 25 or more years of data were required to provide estimates with less than a 20% error. These are simply the results of a case study, and could be applied to similar catchments. However, the methodology can be applied to any stream. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Porth, L S AU - Boes, D C AU - Davis, R A AU - Troendle, CA AU - King, R M AD - USDA, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, 240 West Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, lporth@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/09/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 15 SP - 110 EP - 116 VL - 251 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - return intervals KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Flow Measurement (see also Gauges, Gauging meters) KW - Ecosystems KW - Catchment Areas KW - Statistical analysis KW - Streamflow KW - Streams (in natural channels) KW - Stream flow KW - Ecology KW - Catchment areas KW - Riparian Land KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Sampling KW - Discharge Measurement KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 5010:Network design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18094032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+technique+to+determine+adequate+sample+size+using+subsampling+and+return+interval+estimation&rft.au=Porth%2C+L+S%3BBoes%2C+D+C%3BDavis%2C+R+A%3BTroendle%2C+CA%3BKing%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Porth&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2001-09-15&rft.volume=251&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flow Measurement (see also Gauges, Gauging meters); Ecology; Catchment areas; Statistical analysis; Sampling; Streams (in natural channels); Stream flow; Rivers; Ecosystems; Catchment Areas; Riparian Land; Statistical Analysis; Streamflow; Discharge Measurement ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating concepts of landscape ecology with the molecular biology of forest pathogens AN - 18076724; 5155609 AB - Increasingly more research has focused on characterizing diversity within forest pathogen populations using molecular markers but few studies have characterized features of the landscape that help create or maintain this diversity. Forest diseases commonly occur in patchy distributions across natural landscapes which can be reflected in the genetic composition of the fragmented pathogen populations. This metapopulation structure has seldom been examined by forest pathologists but we believe it offers a potential means to understand the genetic ecology of pathogens in natural landscapes. Molecular markers can be used to detect, identify, and measure detailed differences among subpopulations of forest pathogens. Geographical information systems, spatial analysis and modeling, digital imagery of remotely sensed images, and other tools of landscape ecology provide the means to detect and interpret patterns associated with genotypic asymmetry. Integrating the tools and concepts of molecular biology and landscape ecology by focusing on metapopulation disease phenomena offers a way of conceptually linking molecules and ecosystems. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Lundquist, JE AU - Klopfenstein, N B AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 Prospect Road, 80526 Fort Collins, CO USA Y1 - 2001/09/15/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 15 SP - 213 EP - 222 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 150 IS - 3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Ecosystem analysis KW - Landscape KW - Population structure KW - Pathogens KW - Metapopulations KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18076724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Integrating+concepts+of+landscape+ecology+with+the+molecular+biology+of+forest+pathogens&rft.au=Lundquist%2C+JE%3BKlopfenstein%2C+N+B&rft.aulast=Lundquist&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2001-09-15&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landscape; Pathogens; Ecosystem analysis; Forest management; Metapopulations; Population structure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from intact triacylglycerols by genetically engineered Pseudomonas AN - 907173983; 15667537 AB - Pseudomonas putida and P. oleovorans have been extensively studied for their production of medium-chain-length (mcl)-polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). These bacteria are incapable of metabolizing triacylglycerols (TAGs). We have constructed recombinant P. putida and P. oleovorans that can utilize TAGs as substrates for growth and mcl-PHA synthesis. A recombinant plasmid, pCN51lip-1, carrying Pseudomonas lipase genes was used to electrotransform these organisms. The transformants expressed TAG-hydrolyzing activity as shown by a rhodamine B fluorescence plate assay. The genetically modified organisms grew in TAG-containing medium to a cell dry weight of 2-4 g/l. The recombinant P. putida produced mcl-PHA at a crude yield of 0.9-1.6 g/l with lard or coconut oil (Co) as substrate. While P. oleovorans transformant did not produce mcl-PHA, a mixed-culture fermentation approach with the wild-type and recombinant strains afforded polymer production from Co at a crude yield of 0.5 g/l. Compositional analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed that beta -hydroxyoctanoate (31-45 mol %) and beta -hydroxydecanoate (28-35 mol %) were the dominant repeat units of the TAG-based PHA. The number-average and weight-average molecular masses of the PHAs as determined by gel permeation chromatography were 82-17010 super(3) g/mol and 464-69310 super(3) g/mol, respectively. The recombinant approach can greatly increase the number of organisms that can be used to produce PHA from fat and oil substrates. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Solaiman, D AU - Ashby, R AU - Foglia, T AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, dsolaiman@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 664 EP - 669 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 56 IS - 5-6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Coconut oil KW - Triglycerides KW - Pseudomonas KW - A:01310 KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - J:02320 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907173983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Production+of+polyhydroxyalkanoates+from+intact+triacylglycerols+by+genetically+engineered+Pseudomonas&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+D%3BAshby%2C+R%3BFoglia%2C+T&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=664&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002530100692 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triglycerides; Pseudomonas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530100692 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Xylanase from a newly isolated Fusarium verticillioides capable of utilizing corn fiber xylan AN - 899159355; 15667550 AB - A fungus, Fusarium verticillioides (NRRL 26518), was isolated by screening soil samples using corn fiber xylan as carbon source. The extracellular xylanase from this fungal strain was purified to apparent homogeneity from the culture supernatant by ultrafiltration using a 30,000 cut-off membrane, octyl-Sepharose chromatography and Bio gel A-0.5 m gel filtration. The purified xylanase (specific activity 492 U/mg protein; MW 24,000; pI 8.6) displayed an optimum temperature at 50 degree C and optimum pH at 5.5, a pH stability range from 4.0 to 9.5 and thermal stability up to 50 degree C. It hydrolyzed a variety of xylan substrates mainly to xylobiose and higher short-chain xylooligosaccharides. No xylose was formed. The enzyme did not require metal ions for activity and stability. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Saha, B AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA, sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov PY - 2001 SP - 762 EP - 766 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 56 IS - 5-6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Ultrafiltration KW - Temperature effects KW - Ions KW - Metals KW - Xylose KW - Chromatography KW - Enzymes KW - Carbon sources KW - Xylan endo-1,3- beta -xylosidase KW - Soil KW - Fibers KW - Filtration KW - Xylan KW - Thermal stability KW - pH effects KW - Fusarium verticillioides KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03320:Cell Biology KW - A 01400:Soil Microbes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899159355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Xylanase+from+a+newly+isolated+Fusarium+verticillioides+capable+of+utilizing+corn+fiber+xylan&rft.au=Saha%2C+B&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=762&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002530100716 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Ultrafiltration; Metals; Ions; Xylose; Chromatography; Enzymes; Carbon sources; Xylan endo-1,3- beta -xylosidase; Soil; Fibers; Filtration; Xylan; Thermal stability; pH effects; Fusarium verticillioides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530100716 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short- and long-term effects of site factors on net N-mineralization and nitrification rates along an urban-rural gradient AN - 860393257; 13880137 AB - Long- and short-term effects of urban site factors on net N-mineralization and nitrification rates were investigated in oak stands along an urban-rural land-use transect in the New York City metropolitan area. We used reciprocal transplants of undisturbed soil cores between urban and rural forests to determine the relative importance of long-term effects (mor vs. mull soils, quality of soil organic matter, and deposition of N) vs. short-term effects (soil temperature) of urban factors in controlling field N-transformation rates along the gradient. In addition, undisturbed soil cores from surface (A, Oe horizons) and subsurface (B horizon) soil were collected from urban, suburban, and rural stands and allowed to incubate in these respective sites to compare the net effect of all urban factors with transplanted-core results. The transplant experiment revealed that soil type (long-term) affected net N-mineralization and nitrification rates. Urban soils nitrified nearly 6.3 and 5.4 times more than rural soils incubating in urban and rural stands, respectively (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). Similarly, in rural stands total accumulation of inorganic N was 87% higher in urban than in rural soils, whereas in urban stands, urban soils mineralized 83% more N than rural soils (p = 0.043 and 0.08, respectively). Comparing soils incubating in their native locations, urban soils incubating in urban stands mineralized more than 2.5 times the amount of N than rural soils incubating in the rural stands (p = 0.019). By contrast, urban soils incubating in urban stands exhibited a 8-fold increase in nitrification over rural soils incubating in rural stands (p = 0.008). As with the transplanted cores, the urban and suburban environments had a positive effect on net rates of N-mineralization and nitrification in both surface and subsurface layers of soil. The surface layer of suburban and urban stands had a 3- and 2.3-fold higher accumulation of net inorganic N than rural stands (ANOVA, p = 0.05). Similarly, in the subsurface layer both urban and suburban stands had 2.6-fold higher net N-mineralization rate than rural stands (ANOVA, p = 0.01). Along this urban-rural gradient, soils in oak stands exhibit higher net nitrification and, to a lesser extent, net N-mineralization rates in urban and suburban stands than in rural stands. Results from the transplant experiment and in situ measurements of surface and subsurface soil indicate that long-term effects (mor vs. mull soils, N deposition) contribute to the higher N-transformation rates in urban and suburban stands. As a result of these effects, urban and suburban stands have the potential for higher losses of N than rural stands. JF - Urban Ecosystems AU - Pouyat, Richard V AU - Turechek, William W AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, c/o Baltimore Ecosystem Study, 5200 Westland Blvd., Room 134, Baltimore, MD, 21227, USA, rpouyat@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 159 EP - 178 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1083-8155, 1083-8155 KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Soil types KW - Forests KW - Soil temperature KW - soil temperature KW - Soil KW - USA, New York, New York City KW - Cores KW - metropolitan areas KW - Urban areas KW - soil types KW - Suburban environments KW - Organic matter KW - Soils (organic) KW - Long-term effects KW - Nitrification KW - Rural areas KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 05:Environmental Design & Urban Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860393257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Short-+and+long-term+effects+of+site+factors+on+net+N-mineralization+and+nitrification+rates+along+an+urban-rural+gradient&rft.au=Pouyat%2C+Richard+V%3BTurechek%2C+William+W&rft.aulast=Pouyat&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urban+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10838155&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FA%3A1024040219752 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Soil types; Long-term effects; Suburban environments; Cores; Nitrification; Organic matter; Soil temperature; Forests; Soils (organic); soil temperature; soil types; metropolitan areas; Rural areas; Urban areas; USA, New York, New York City DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024040219752 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of agricultural sediment load reductions using vegetative filter strips of cool season grasses. AN - 72358934; 11765995 AB - Vegetative filter strips for controlling sediment generated from the bare ground (i.e., ground not protected by mulch or plant cover) were studied. Plots consisted of a 4.6-m clean-tilled upslope sediment source area and 12.2-m vegetative filter strip located downslope from the sediment source area. Vegetative filter strips consisted of pure stands of six adapted cool season grasses and two cereal grains. Sediment-laden runoff was transported into the upslope edge of each filter strip. Runoff samples were collected from the lower end of each plot and analyzed for nonflow weighted sediment concentration. The rate of advance of water through each vegetative filter strip was measured. Additional measurements were made to define the plant characteristics of each vegetative filter strip species. In general, planted vegetative filter strips resulted 68% reduction concentration of sediment in initial runoff from a 50-year, 24-hour storm event on prewetted soil. Crested wheatgrass and smooth bromegrass vegetative filter strips reduced water flow velocity an average of 217% compared with the clean-tilled control plot. The length of time that water remained in the vegetative filter strip modestly correlated with average sediment concentration in runoff that was 5.5 g/L and 5.0 g/L, respectively, compared with the control plot, which yielded 16.3 g of sediment/L of runoff. Under dry soil conditions, sediment concentration in runoff from bromegass and crested wheatgrass was reduced by an average of 85% compared with the bare control plot. Length of time for water to advance through the smooth bromegrass and crested wheatgrass vegetative filter strips increased an average of 325% compared with the length of time required to flow through the clean-tilled bare strip. JF - Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation AU - Fasching, R A AU - Bauder, J W AD - USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Bozeman, Montana, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 590 EP - 596 VL - 73 IS - 5 SN - 1061-4303, 1061-4303 KW - Soil KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Seasons KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Biomass KW - Time Factors KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Geologic Sediments -- analysis KW - Poaceae -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72358934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+environment+research+%3A+a+research+publication+of+the+Water+Environment+Federation&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+agricultural+sediment+load+reductions+using+vegetative+filter+strips+of+cool+season+grasses.&rft.au=Fasching%2C+R+A%3BBauder%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Fasching&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=590&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+environment+research+%3A+a+research+publication+of+the+Water+Environment+Federation&rft.issn=10614303&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-05-22 N1 - Date created - 2001-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) blood feeding from Hereford cattle and ponies treated with permethrin. AN - 71211108; 11580047 AB - The blood feeding of mosquitoes and black flies from Hereford cattle and ponies treated with commercial formulations of permethrin was evaluated using an animal enclosure trap sample system that allowed comparison of insect blood-feeding levels between treated and nontreated animals. Blood feeding of both Aedes dorsalis Meigen and A. melanimon Dyar from heifers treated with pour-on concentrate and whole body spray treatments was reduced significantly by 79-88% at 4 d posttreatment, with apparent but not significant reductions of 61-68% at 11 d posttreatment. Simulium bivittatum Malloch and S. griseum Coquillett blood feeding was reduced significantly by 96% to >99% at 4 d posttreatment, but apparent reductions of 30-87% at 11 d posttreatment were not significant. Blood feeding of S. bivittatum from ponies treated with a permethrin fly wipe was reduced significantly by 98 and 87% at 1 and 7 d posttreatment, respectively. No evidence of treatment-induced mortality was observed for recently blood-fed female mosquitoes or black flies captured from treated animals and held for 24 h. The potential benefit of using permethrin to protect livestock from insect-transmitted pathogens was estimated with a model based on level of host attack, pathogen infection rate in the vector, and suppression of blood feeding. Suppression of blood feeding by 90% is predicted to prevent the exposure of a host to a pathogen for up tolO d at 1,000 insect feedings per d when the vector population infection rate is one insect per 1,000. If insect feedings are lower (100/d) and the insect infection rate remains at one per 1,000, protection is predicted for 100 d. In contrast, a 90% suppression of blood feeding is predicted to provide protection for less than 1 d at 1,000 feeding per day and a vector infection rate of one insect per 100. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Schmidtmann, E T AU - Lloyd, J E AU - Bobian, R J AU - Kumar, R AU - Waggoner, J W AU - Tabachinick, W J AU - Legg, D AD - Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Laramie, WY 82070, USA. eschm@uwyo.edu Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 728 EP - 734 VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Permethrin KW - 509F88P9SZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Biological Assay KW - Horses KW - Female KW - Mosquito Control -- methods KW - Aedes KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Simuliidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71211108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+mosquito+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29+and+black+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Simuliidae%29+blood+feeding+from+Hereford+cattle+and+ponies+treated+with+permethrin.&rft.au=Schmidtmann%2C+E+T%3BLloyd%2C+J+E%3BBobian%2C+R+J%3BKumar%2C+R%3BWaggoner%2C+J+W%3BTabachinick%2C+W+J%3BLegg%2C+D&rft.aulast=Schmidtmann&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=728&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Movement of coliform bacteria and nutrients in ground water flowing through basalt and sand aquifers. AN - 71209409; 11577858 AB - Large-scale deposition of animal manure can result in contamination of surface and ground water and in potential transfer of disease-causing enteric bacteria to animals or humans. We measured total coliform bacteria (TC), fecal coliform bacteria (FC), NO3, NH4, total P, and PO4 in ground water flowing from basalt and sand aquifers, in wells into basalt and sand aquifers, in irrigation water, and in river water. Samples were collected monthly for 1 yr. Total coliform and FC numbers were always higher in irrigation water than in ground water, indicating that soil and sediment filtered most of these bacteria before they entered the aquifers. Total coliform and FC numbers in ground water were generally higher in the faster flowing basalt aquifer than in the sand aquifer, indicating that the slower flow and finer grain size may filter more TC and FC bacteria from water. At least one coliform bacterium/100 mL of water was found in ground water from both basalt and sand aquifers, indicating that ground water pumped from these aquifers is not necessarily safe for human consumption according to the American Public Health Association and the USEPA. The NO3 concentrations were usually higher in water flowing from the sand aquifer than in water flowing from the basalt aquifer or in perched water tables in the basalt aquifer. The PO4 concentrations were usually higher in water flowing from the basalt aquifer than in water flowing from the sand aquifer. The main concern is fecal contamination of these aquifers and health consequences that may arise from human consumption. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Entry, J A AU - Farmer, N AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab., Kimberly, ID 83443, USA. jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov PY - 2001 SP - 1533 EP - 1539 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Agriculture KW - Geologic Sediments -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Geologic Sediments -- microbiology KW - Feces KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Water Movements KW - Nitrogen -- analysis KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Enterobacteriaceae KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71209409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Movement+of+coliform+bacteria+and+nutrients+in+ground+water+flowing+through+basalt+and+sand+aquifers.&rft.au=Entry%2C+J+A%3BFarmer%2C+N&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manure phosphorus extractability as affected by aluminum- and iron by-products and aerobic composting. AN - 71206647; 11577878 AB - Shifts in manure phosphorus (P) chemical forms and pool sizes induced by water treatment residuals and industrial mineral by-products are largely undefined. We conducted a manure P fractionation study to determine mechanisms of reduction of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in poultry manure upon mineral by-product additions. The effects of composting on the P immobilization efficacy of the by-products were determined using laboratory self-heating composting simulators. The mineral by-products included an aluminum-water treatment residual (Al-WTR) and an iron-rich titanium-processing by-product. The noncomposted manure averaged 0.11 g g(-1) of total P as DRP forms. The by-products significantly reduced manure DRP, by an average of 39 and 48% in the Al- and the Fe-treated manure, respectively. The by-products also reduced the 0.5 M NH4F-extractable phosphorus (FEP) fraction. Shifts in P forms between FEP and 0.1 M NaOH-extractable phosphorus (SHEP) depended upon the Al and Fe contents of the by-products while the combined FEP + SHEP pool remained constant. Phosphate sorption measurements supported the observations that the Fe-rich by-product was more effective at reducing manure DRP and enhancing the formation of SHEP forms at the expense of FEP than the Al-WTR. Composting had no effect on the efficacy of either by-product to reduce DRP. Potential mechanisms of enhanced P stabilization in treated manure upon composting included chemical shifts from the DRP and FEP fractions to the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite extractable P fraction. Thus, the choice of P immobilization agents affected the stability of immobilized P forms and should be taken into consideration in developing manure processing and nutrient stabilization methods. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Dao, T H AU - Sikora, L J AU - Hamasaki, A AU - Chaney, R L AD - USDA-ARS, Animal Manure and By-Products Lab., BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. thdao@anri.barc.usda.gov PY - 2001 SP - 1693 EP - 1698 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Manure KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Solubility KW - Refuse Disposal KW - Conservation of Natural Resources KW - Biological Availability KW - Phosphorus -- chemistry KW - Phosphorus -- metabolism KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- physiology KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71206647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Manure+phosphorus+extractability+as+affected+by+aluminum-+and+iron+by-products+and+aerobic+composting.&rft.au=Dao%2C+T+H%3BSikora%2C+L+J%3BHamasaki%2C+A%3BChaney%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Dao&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymatic characterization of organic phosphorus in animal manure. AN - 71205559; 11577877 AB - Information on the forms of P present in animal manure may improve our ability to manage manure P. In most investigations of manure P composition, only inorganic and total P are determined, and the difference between them is assigned as organic P. In this study, we explored the possibility of identifying and quantifying more specific organic P forms in animal manure with orthophosphate-releasing enzymes. Pig (Sus scrofa) manure and cattle (Bos taurus) manure were first sequentially fractionated into water-soluble P, NaHCO3-soluble P, NaOH-soluble P, HCl-soluble P, and residual P. The fractions were separately incubated with wheat phytase, alkaline phosphatase, nuclease P1, nucleotide pyrophosphatase, or their combinations. The released orthophosphate was determined by a molybdate blue method. Part of the organic P in those fractions could be identified by the enzymatic treatments as phytate (i.e., 39% for pig manure and 17% for cattle manure in water-soluble organic P), simple phosphomonoesters (i.e., 43% for pig manure and 15% for cattle manure in NaOH-soluble organic P), nucleotide-like phosphodiesters (2-12%), and nucleotide pyrophosphate (0-4%). Our data indicate that the enzymatic treatment is an effective approach to identify and quantify the organic P forms present in animal manures. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - He, Z AU - Honeycutt, C W AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, New England Plant, Soil, and Water Lab., Univ. of Maine, Orono 04469, USA. zhe@maine.edu PY - 2001 SP - 1685 EP - 1692 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Manure KW - 0 KW - Nucleotides KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - 6-Phytase KW - EC 3.1.3.26 KW - Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases KW - EC 3.1.30.1 KW - Pyrophosphatases KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - nucleotide pyrophosphatase KW - EC 3.6.1.9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Solubility KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical KW - 6-Phytase -- metabolism KW - Nucleotides -- chemistry KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- metabolism KW - Pyrophosphatases -- metabolism KW - Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases -- metabolism KW - Biological Availability KW - Phosphorus -- chemistry KW - Phosphorus -- metabolism KW - Phosphorus -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71205559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+characterization+of+organic+phosphorus+in+animal+manure.&rft.au=He%2C+Z%3BHoneycutt%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus export from an agricultural watershed: linking source and transport mechanisms. AN - 71204956; 11577864 AB - Many source and transport factors control P loss from agricultural landscapes; however, little information is available on how these factors are linked at a watershed scale. Thus, we investigated mechanisms controlling P release from soil and stream sediments in relation to storm and baseflow P concentrations at four flumes and in the channel of an agricultural watershed. Baseflow dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations were greater at the watershed outflow (Flume 1; 0.042 mg L(-1)) than uppermost flume (Flume 4; 0.028 mg L(-1)). Conversely, DRP concentrations were greater at Flume 4 (0.304 mg L(-1)) than Flume 1 (0.128 mg L(-1)) during stormflow. Similar trends in total phosphorus (TP) concentration were also observed. During stormflow, stream P concentrations are controlled by overland flow-generated erosion from areas of the watershed coincident with high soil P. In-channel decreases in P concentration during stormflow were attributed to sediment deposition, resorption of P, and dilution. The increase in baseflow P concentrations downstream was controlled by channel sediments. Phosphorus sorption maximum of Flume 4 sediment (532 mg kg(-1)) was greater than at the outlet Flume 1 (227 mg kg(-1)). Indeed, the decrease in P desorption between Flumes 1 and 4 sediment (0.046 to 0.025 mg L(-1)) was similar to the difference in baseflow DRP between Flumes 1 and 4 (0.042 to 0.028 mg L(-1)). This study shows that erosion, soil P concentration, and channel sediment P sorption properties influence streamflow DRP and TP. A better understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of these processes and their connectivity over the landscape will aid targeting remedial practices. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - McDowell, R AU - Sharpley, A AU - Folmar, G AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA. PY - 2001 SP - 1587 EP - 1595 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Solubility KW - Rain KW - Geologic Sediments KW - Phosphorus -- chemistry KW - Agriculture KW - Water Movements KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71204956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+export+from+an+agricultural+watershed%3A+linking+source+and+transport+mechanisms.&rft.au=McDowell%2C+R%3BSharpley%2C+A%3BFolmar%2C+G&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff loss of pesticides and soil: a comparison between vegetative mulch and plastic mulch in vegetable production systems. AN - 71202939; 11577890 AB - Current vegetable production systems use polyethylene (plastic) mulch and require multiple applications of agrochemicals. During rain events, runoff from vegetable production is enhanced because 50 to 75% of the field is covered with an impervious surface. This study was conducted to quantify off-site movement of soil and pesticides with runoff from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plots containing polyethylene mulch and a vegetative mulch, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth). Side-by-side field plots were instrumented with automated flow meters and samplers to measure and collect runoff, which was filtered, extracted, and analyzed to determine soil and pesticide loss. Seasonal losses of two to four times more water and at least three times as much sediment were observed from plots with polyethvlene mulch (55.4 to 146 L m(-2) and 247 to 535 g m(-2), respectively) versus plots with hairy vetch residue (13.7 to 75.7 L m(-2) and 32.8 to 118 g m(-2), respectively). Geometric means (+/-standard deviation) of total pesticide loads for chlorothalonil (tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) and alpha-and beta-endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin 3-oxide) for a runoff event were 19, 6, and 9 times greater from polyethylene (800+/-4.6, 17.6+/-3.9, and 39.1+/-4.9 microg m(-2), respectively) than from hairy vetch mulch plots (42+/-6.0, 2.8+/-5.0, and 4.3+/-4.6 microg m(-2), respectively) due to greater concentrations and larger runoff volumes. The increased runoff volume, soil loss, and off-site loading of pesticides measured in runoff from the polyethylene mulch suggests that this management practice is less sustainable and may have a harmful effect on the environment. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Rice, P J AU - McConnell, L L AU - Heighton, L P AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - Isensee, A R AU - Teasdale, J R AU - Abdul-Baki, A A AU - Harman-Fetcho, J A AU - Hapeman, C J AD - USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Management Research, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. price@soils.umn.edu PY - 2001 SP - 1808 EP - 1821 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Plastics KW - Soil KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Agriculture -- methods KW - Plants KW - Rain KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Water Movements KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis KW - Conservation of Natural Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71202939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Runoff+loss+of+pesticides+and+soil%3A+a+comparison+between+vegetative+mulch+and+plastic+mulch+in+vegetable+production+systems.&rft.au=Rice%2C+P+J%3BMcConnell%2C+L+L%3BHeighton%2C+L+P%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M%3BIsensee%2C+A+R%3BTeasdale%2C+J+R%3BAbdul-Baki%2C+A+A%3BHarman-Fetcho%2C+J+A%3BHapeman%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1808&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-02-05 N1 - Date created - 2001-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental rapid infection in market swine following exposure to a Salmonella contaminated environment. AN - 71193809; 11570184 AB - The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the possibility of swine becoming infected with Salmonella Typhimurium after a short time interval in a contaminated environment. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 consisted of five trials with eight market weight swine. Pigs were necropsied at 2 (n = 10), 3 (n = 10) and 6 (n = 5) hours after continuous exposure to an environment contaminated with feces shed by swine intranasally inoculated with nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (chi 4232). In Experiment 2, pigs were necropsied after 30 minutes (n = 6), 60 minutes (n = 6), 2 hours (n = 6), and 6 hours (n = 3). In addition, control animals with no exposure were also necropsied in both experiments. At necropsy, the superficial inguinal, ileocecal, and mandibular lymph nodes, as well as cecal contents, distal ileum portion, and feces were evaluated. All samples were cultured for the presence of the nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella. Feces deposited on the floor by intranasally inoculated swine were mixed with water to form slurry with a resulting load of 10(3)-10(5) Salmonella Typhimurium CFU per gram. In Experiment 1, 80% percent of animals with a 2-hour, 60% of animals with a 3-hour, and 100% of animals with a 6-hour exposure to this slurry had at least one sample test positive for the marked Salmonella Typhimurium strain. In Experiment 2, 50% of the 30 minute, 50% of the 60 minute, and 33% of the 2-hour exposed pigs had at least one sample test positive. These experiments show that market swine can become infected during routine resting or holding periods when exposed to relatively low levels (10(3) CFU) of Salmonella in the simulated pre-slaughter environment, and that exposure times as short as 30 minutes are sufficient to produce contaminated gastrointestinal tracts. They also demonstrate the high risk of holding pigs longer than six hours. Intervention at this step in the swine production process may have a significant impact on the safety of pork products. JF - Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift AU - Hurd, H S AU - Gailey, J K AU - McKean, J D AU - Rostagno, M H AD - Pre-Harvest Food Safety and Enteric Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Shurd@nadc.ars.usda.gov PY - 2001 SP - 382 EP - 384 VL - 114 IS - 9-10 SN - 0005-9366, 0005-9366 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Abattoirs KW - Housing, Animal KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- transmission KW - Swine Diseases -- transmission KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- pathogenicity KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Swine Diseases -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71193809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berliner+und+Munchener+tierarztliche+Wochenschrift&rft.atitle=Experimental+rapid+infection+in+market+swine+following+exposure+to+a+Salmonella+contaminated+environment.&rft.au=Hurd%2C+H+S%3BGailey%2C+J+K%3BMcKean%2C+J+D%3BRostagno%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Hurd&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Berliner+und+Munchener+tierarztliche+Wochenschrift&rft.issn=00059366&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-01-31 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postcooking temperature changes in beef patties. AN - 71182052; 11563519 AB - Beef patties (86 and 143 g) formed from high-fat (20 to 29%) and low-fat (6 to 10%) ground beef obtained in eight different selections for both high and low fat content were cooked by either a gas grill or an electric griddle. Patties were cooked to either 66.1 or 68.3 degrees C as determined in the thickest section, and internal temperatures were recorded after cooking at 1-s intervals for 180 s in both thick and thin sections of patties. Time-temperature curves (after cooking) were evaluated for compliance with regulatory requirements for classifying patties as fully cooked. For patties cooked to 66.1 degrees C, the maximum highest temperature in the thickest patty section often did not reach 71.1 degrees C (recommended for cooking of beef patties by consumers). Although thin sections of patties had higher temperatures than thick sections at the termination of cooking, temperature variability was greater and declines in temperature occurred sooner in thin patty sections. Failure to meet fully cooked, time-temperature requirements was greater in thin than thick sections. Thicker (143-g) patties possessed longer postcooking times before declining in temperature than thinner (86-g) patties. Although many beef patties cooked in this study achieved regulatory time requirements for maintaining 66.1 or 68.3 degrees C (as well as attaining 71.1 degrees C), some patties did not meet these requirements. Because of the considerable temperature variability that can exist within patties at the conclusion of cooking, use of end point temperatures of less than 71.1 degrees C is not recommended for consumers. Consumers should allow several minutes of holding following cooking before consumption to maximize the increases in postcooking temperature. Further research is required to establish cooking procedures that will improve temperature uniformity and eliminate "cold spots" during cooking of beef patties. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Berry, B W AU - Bigner-George, M E AD - Food Technology and Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Maryland 20705-2350, USA. bberry@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 1405 EP - 1411 VL - 64 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Quality Control KW - Color KW - Cooking -- methods KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Cooking -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71182052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Postcooking+temperature+changes+in+beef+patties.&rft.au=Berry%2C+B+W%3BBigner-George%2C+M+E&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of propargyl bromide for control of barnyardgrass and Fusarium oxysporum in three soils. AN - 71181554; 11561402 AB - With the scheduled phasing out of methyl bromide, there is an urgent need for alternatives. We evaluated the efficacy of propargyl bromide as a potential replacement for methyl bromide for the control of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and Fusarium oxysporum in an Arlington sandy loam, a Carsitas loamy sand and a Florida muck soil. Soil was mixed with barnyardgrass seeds or F oxysporum colonized on millet seeds, and treated with propargyl bromide at a range of concentrations. The mortality of the fungi and weed seeds was determined after 24 h of exposure at 30 degrees C. The concentrations required to inhibit 50% barnyard seed germination (LC50) were 2.8, 2.4 and 48.5 micrograms g-1 in the sandy loam, loamy sand and muck soil, respectively. In contrast, the LC50 values for F oxysporum were 11.2, 10.8 and 182.1 micrograms g-1 in the sandy loam, loamy sand and muck soil, respectively. The low efficacy of propargyl bromide in the muck soil was a result of the rapid degradation and high adsorption of the compound in the soil. The degradation half-life (t1/2) was only 7 h in the muck soil at an initial concentration of 6.8 micrograms g-1, compared to 60 and 67 h in the sandy loam and loamy sand, respectively. The adsorption coefficients (Kd) were 0.96, 0.87 and 5.6 cm3 g-1 in the sandy loam, loamy sand and muck soil, respectively. These results suggest that registration agencies should consider site-specific properties in recommending application rates for propargyl bromide. JF - Pest management science AU - Ma, Q AU - Gan, J AU - Becker, J O AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Yates, S R AD - George E Brown Jr Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA. Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 781 EP - 786 VL - 57 IS - 9 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Soil KW - Soil Pollutants KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Algorithms KW - Adsorption KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- pharmacology KW - Models, Biological KW - Seeds -- metabolism KW - Seeds -- drug effects KW - Fumigation KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Pesticides -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Fusarium -- drug effects KW - Soil Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Pesticides -- pharmacology KW - Panicum -- metabolism KW - Panicum -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71181554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+propargyl+bromide+for+control+of+barnyardgrass+and+Fusarium+oxysporum+in+three+soils.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Q%3BGan%2C+J%3BBecker%2C+J+O%3BPapiernik%2C+S+K%3BYates%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-04-03 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli biotype I on swine carcasses processed under the hazard analysis and critical control point-based inspection models project. AN - 71176750; 11563504 AB - The present study examined the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and the prevalence and quantity of generic (biotype I) Escherichia coli on carcasses or in pig feces at a pork processing plant operating under the hazard analysis and critical control point-based inspection models project (HIMP) program. The surfaces of carcasses were sponged on 10 separate days over a 30-day period at two processing steps: (i) immediately following exsanguination (100 carcasses), and (ii) after the carcasses were washed, eviscerated, and chilled overnight (122 carcasses). Feces were also collected from 60 of the 100 sponged, postexsanguinated pigs. Salmonella spp. were detected on 73.0% of the 100 postexsanguinated pigs, in 33.3% of the 60 fecal samples, and on 0.7% of the 122 chilled carcasses. E. coli was found on 100.0% of the postexsanguinated pigs and on 30.1% of chilled carcasses tested. The mean concentration of E. coli on carcasses was 1,700 CFU/cm2 immediately after the exsanguination step and 1.1 CFU/cm2 at the chilled carcass stage. Previous studies at this processing plant showed that the pre-HIMP baseline level of Salmonella spp. on the chilled carcasses was 0.8%, indicating that the present HIMP inspection system produced an equivalent level of bacteriological performance. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Tamplin, M L AU - Feder, I AU - Palumbo, S A AU - Oser, A AU - Yoder, L AU - Luchansky, J B AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. mtamplin@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 1305 EP - 1308 VL - 64 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Quality Control KW - Prevalence KW - Swine -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71176750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Salmonella+spp.+and+Escherichia+coli+biotype+I+on+swine+carcasses+processed+under+the+hazard+analysis+and+critical+control+point-based+inspection+models+project.&rft.au=Tamplin%2C+M+L%3BFeder%2C+I%3BPalumbo%2C+S+A%3BOser%2C+A%3BYoder%2C+L%3BLuchansky%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Tamplin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wrinkled alfalfa seeds harbor more aerobic bacteria and are more difficult to sanitize than smooth seeds. AN - 71176690; 11563502 AB - At least 14 separate outbreaks of food poisoning attributed to either Salmonella enterica or Escherichia coli O157:H7 have been traced to sprouts in the past decade. Seeds contaminated with human pathogens caused most of these outbreaks, thus many sprout growers are now treating alfalfa seeds with the sanitizing agent, calcium hypochlorite (Ca[OCl]2), prior to sprouting. The efficacy of alfalfa seed sanitation varies between seed lots and between seeds within each lot. Alfalfa seeds from different seed lots were sorted by type in an effort to determine if certain seed types carry more aerobic bacteria than other seed types. Seeds with a wrinkled type, characteristic of lygus bug damage, had significantly higher levels of culturable aerobic bacteria and were more difficult to sanitize than smooth, healthy seeds. After sanitation, wrinkled alfalfa seeds that had been inoculated with S. enterica ser. Newport carried significantly higher levels of Salmonella Newport than smooth seeds. If S. enterica is present on wrinkled seeds in naturally contaminated seed lots, it may be difficult to chemically sanitize the seed lot. Removal of the wrinkled alfalfa seeds from the seed lots, perhaps by adapting color sorting equipment similar to that used to sort rice grains and other seeds, should reduce the level of aerobic bacteria in seed lots and may result in lower levels of human pathogens on contaminated alfalfa seeds. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Charkowski, A O AU - Sarreal, C Z AU - Mandrell, R E AD - Food Safety and Health, USDA, ARS, WRRC, Albany, California 94710, USA. aoc@plantpath.wisc.edu Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 1292 EP - 1298 VL - 64 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Calcium Compounds KW - 0 KW - Disinfectants KW - calcium hypochlorite KW - 11DXB629VZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Seeds KW - Sanitation KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Surface Properties KW - Medicago sativa -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- drug effects KW - Calcium Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Medicago sativa -- physiology KW - Disinfectants -- pharmacology KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71176690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Wrinkled+alfalfa+seeds+harbor+more+aerobic+bacteria+and+are+more+difficult+to+sanitize+than+smooth+seeds.&rft.au=Charkowski%2C+A+O%3BSarreal%2C+C+Z%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Charkowski&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of sanitizer treatments on Salmonella Stanley attached to the surface of cantaloupe and cell transfer to fresh-cut tissues during cutting practices. AN - 71175531; 11563501 AB - The ability of Salmonella Stanley to attach and survive on cantaloupe surfaces, its in vivo response to chlorine or hydrogen peroxide treatments, and subsequent transfer to the interior tissue during cutting was investigated. Cantaloupes were immersed in an inoculum containing Salmonella Stanley (10(8) CFU/ml) for 10 min and then stored at 4 or 20 degrees C for up to 5 days. Periodically, the inoculated melons were washed with chlorine (1,000 ppm) or hydrogen peroxide (5%), and fresh-cut tissues were prepared. The incidence of Salmonella Stanley transfer from the rinds to the fresh-cut tissues during cutting practices was determined. A population of 3.8 log10 CFU/cm2 of Salmonella Stanley was recovered from the inoculated rinds. No significant (P < 0.05) reduction of the attached Salmonella population was observed on cantaloupe surfaces stored at 4 or 20 degrees C for up to 5 days, and the population was not reduced after washing with water. Salmonella Stanley was recovered in fresh-cut pieces prepared from inoculated whole cantaloupes with no sanitizer treatment. Washing with chlorine or hydrogen peroxide solutions was most effective immediately after inoculation, resulting in an approximate 3.0-log10 CFU/cm2 reduction, and the level of recovered Salmonella population transferred to fresh-cut samples was reduced to below detection. The effectiveness of both treatments diminished when inoculated cantaloupes stored at 4 or 20 degrees C for more than 3 days were analyzed, and the fresh-cut pieces prepared from such melons were Salmonella positive. Salmonella outgrowth occurred on inoculated fresh-cut cubes stored above 4 degrees C. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Ukuku, D O AU - Sapers, G M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. dukuku@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 1286 EP - 1291 VL - 64 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Sanitation KW - Food Microbiology KW - Temperature KW - Food Handling KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local -- pharmacology KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Fruit -- microbiology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71175531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+sanitizer+treatments+on+Salmonella+Stanley+attached+to+the+surface+of+cantaloupe+and+cell+transfer+to+fresh-cut+tissues+during+cutting+practices.&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+D+O%3BSapers%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1286&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of U.S. orchards to identify potential sources of Escherichia coli O157:H7. AN - 71175461; 11563507 AB - The association of unpasteurized apple cider with Escherichia coli O157:H7 foodborne illness has led to increased interest in potential reservoirs of this pathogen in the orchard. Fourteen U.S. orchards were surveyed in autumn 1999 to determine the incidence and prevalence of E. coli O157:H7, E. coli, total aerobic microflora, and yeasts and molds. Fruit samples (n = 63) (eight apple and two pear varieties) and soil, water, and fecal samples were collected. Samples were plated on (i) tryptic soy agar for total mesophilic aerobic count, (ii) E. coli and coliform Petrifilm for total coliforms and E. coli, and (iii) yeast and mold Petrifilm. Samples positive for coliforms and E. coli were enriched and tested for E. coli O157:H7. Fruit was also tested for internalization of microflora by aseptically removing the core, stem, and calyx areas, and the individual sections were assessed for the categories of microflora listed above. E. coli was detected in soil and water and in 6% of fruit samples (three pear samples and one apple sample), generally collected from areas previously designated as high risk in this study. However, no E. coli O157:H7 was found. Coliforms were found in 74% of fruit samples and were internalized in the cores of 40% of fruit tested. Yeasts and molds were internalized in 96.7% of samples and aerobic bacteria in 89.6%. E. coli was not found to be internalized. Total aerobic counts and total coliforms were higher in dropped and damaged fruit (P < 0.05). Findings suggest that dropped or damaged fruit should not be included in fruit designated for the production of unpasteurized juice or for the fresh or fresh-cut market. In addition, orchards should be located away from potential sources of contamination, such as pastures. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Riordan, D C AU - Sapers, G M AU - Hankinson, T R AU - Magee, M AU - Mattrazzo, A M AU - Annous, B A AD - Plant Science and Technology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 1320 EP - 1327 VL - 64 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Yeasts -- isolation & purification KW - Yeasts -- growth & development KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Beverages KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- growth & development KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Fungi -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- isolation & purification KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - Food Preservation KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- growth & development KW - Rosales -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Food Contamination KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71175461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=A+study+of+U.S.+orchards+to+identify+potential+sources+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7.&rft.au=Riordan%2C+D+C%3BSapers%2C+G+M%3BHankinson%2C+T+R%3BMagee%2C+M%3BMattrazzo%2C+A+M%3BAnnous%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Riordan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-11-01 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dependence of aflatoxin in almonds on the type and amount of insect damage. AN - 71174402; 11559163 AB - The aflatoxin distribution of single insect damaged Nonpareil almonds (1999 crop) has been measured. Separate distributions were obtained for pinhole, insect (feeding), and gross damage. Only a low level of aflatoxin contamination ( = 0.0003 ng/g) was found for pinhole-only damaged nuts. The distributions for insect and gross damage did not differ, but did differ significantly from the distribution previously obtained for gross damaged Ne Plus almonds from a different producer (Schatzki, T. F.; Ong, M. S. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48, 489-492; also 1999 crop). The Nonpareil almond distribution could be explained on the basis of a preharvest hull splitting, similar to previous results in pistachios (0-4 weeks versus 2-6 weeks preharvest). The Ne Plus distribution differs in detail from pistachio results and from the Nonpareil results found here. This may indicate additional cultural damage of Ne Plus almonds around harvest time and/or use of different sorting parameters. Aflatoxin lot averages of 31.7 and 3.47 ng/g were obtained for 100% insect damaged Ne Plus and Nonpareil almonds, respectively. (The previous Ne Plus work contained a calculation error, which is corrected here.) The distribution functions were used to compute the seller's risk of nonacceptance of lots in the European Union. To obtain a 95% acceptance rate, aflatoxin B(1) levels of 0.12 and 0.22 ng/g would be required, which would correspond to 3.8 and 1.2% (feeding and gross) insect damage in Nonpareil and Ne Plus almond lots, respectively. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Schatzki, T F AU - Ong, M S AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. tom@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 4513 EP - 4519 VL - 49 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Insects -- physiology KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Nuts -- parasitology KW - Nuts -- chemistry KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71174402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Dependence+of+aflatoxin+in+almonds+on+the+type+and+amount+of+insect+damage.&rft.au=Schatzki%2C+T+F%3BOng%2C+M+S&rft.aulast=Schatzki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Targeting a nuclear anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit gene to the tobacco plastid genome results in enhanced tryptophan biosynthesis. Return of a gene to its pre-endosymbiotic origin. AN - 71170058; 11553741 AB - Anthranilate synthase (AS), the control enzyme of the tryptophan (Trp) biosynthetic pathway, is encoded by nuclear genes, but is transported into the plastids. A tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cDNA (ASA2) encoding a feedback-insensitive tobacco AS alpha-subunit was transformed into two different sites of the tobacco plastid genome through site-specific insertion to obtain transplastomic plants with normal phenotype and fertility. A high and uniform level of ASA2 mRNA was observed in the transplastomic plants but not in the wild type. Although the plants with the transgene insertion at ndhF-trnL only expressed one size of the ASA2 mRNA, the plants with the transgene incorporated into the region between accD and open reading frame (ORF) 184 exhibited two species of mRNA, apparently due to readthrough. The transplastomic plants exhibited a higher level of AS alpha-subunit protein and AS enzyme activity that was less sensitive to Trp-feedback inhibition, leading to greatly increased free Trp levels in leaves and total Trp levels in seeds. Resistance to an AS inhibitor, 5-methyl-Trp, was found during seed germination and in suspension cultures of the transplastomic plants. The resistance to the selection agent spectinomycin and to 5-methyl-Trp was transmitted maternally. These results demonstrate the feasibility of modifying the biosynthetic pathways of important metabolites through transformation of the plastid genome by relocating a native gene from the nucleus to the plastid genome. Very high and uniform levels of gene expression can be observed in different lines, probably due to the identical insertion sites, in contrast to nuclear transformation where random insertions occur. JF - Plant physiology AU - Zhang, X H AU - Brotherton, J E AU - Widholm, J M AU - Portis, A R AD - Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 131 EP - 141 VL - 127 IS - 1 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - 5-methyltryptophan KW - 2283-43-4 KW - Tryptophan KW - 8DUH1N11BX KW - Anthranilate Synthase KW - EC 4.1.3.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Cytoplasm -- metabolism KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Biological Transport KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Genome, Plant KW - Tryptophan -- biosynthesis KW - Tobacco -- enzymology KW - Tryptophan -- pharmacology KW - Tryptophan -- analogs & derivatives KW - Symbiosis KW - Plastids -- metabolism KW - Anthranilate Synthase -- metabolism KW - Anthranilate Synthase -- genetics KW - Tobacco -- genetics KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Cell Nucleus -- enzymology KW - Plastids -- genetics KW - Cell Nucleus -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71170058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+physiology&rft.atitle=Targeting+a+nuclear+anthranilate+synthase+alpha-subunit+gene+to+the+tobacco+plastid+genome+results+in+enhanced+tryptophan+biosynthesis.+Return+of+a+gene+to+its+pre-endosymbiotic+origin.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X+H%3BBrotherton%2C+J+E%3BWidholm%2C+J+M%3BPortis%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2001-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1371-4 [10558994] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 2;96(5):1840-5 [10051556] Trends Biotechnol. 2000 Jun;18(6):257-63 [10802561] Plant Physiol. 2000 Jul;123(3):1069-76 [10889256] Biochimie. 2000 Jun-Jul;82(6-7):655-66 [10946114] Bioessays. 1987 Jun;6(6):279-82 [3619888] Science. 1988 Jun 10;240(4858):1534-8 [2897716] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1989;43:567-600 [2679363] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(1):88-92 [2404285] Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Jan 11;18(1):65-73 [2308837] Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Aug 11;19(15):4083-9 [1651475] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Feb 1;90(3):913-7 [8381537] Eur J Biochem. 1993 Mar 1;212(2):431-40 [8444181] Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1993 Nov 29;342(1301):203-8 [8115448] EMBO J. 1994 May 1;13(9):2211-7 [7514532] Plant Physiol. 1994 Sep;106(1):353-8 [7972519] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Dec 20;91(26):12760-4 [7809117] Plant Physiol. 1995 Jan;107(1):7-12 [7870841] Plant J. 1995 Mar;7(3):491-501 [7757119] Plant Cell. 1995 Jul;7(7):921-34 [7640526] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Dec 5;92(25):11331-8 [8524780] Phytochemistry. 1995 May;39(2):263-76 [7495530] Plant Physiol. 1996 Jan;110(1):51-9 [8587994] Mol Gen Genet. 1997 Dec;257(1):23-7 [9439565] Nat Biotechnol. 1998 Apr;16(4):345-8 [9555724] Plant Physiol. 1998 Jun;117(2):533-43 [9625706] Biotechnology (N Y). 1995 Apr;13(4):362-5 [9634777] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jun 23;95(13):7805-12 [9636232] Nat Biotechnol. 2000 Mar;18(3):333-8 [10700152] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidative stress activates NF-kappa B in lens epithelial cells. AN - 71124537; 11522450 AB - In the mammalian lens, intracellular oxidants produced by photo-oxidative processes and exposure to toxic chemicals constitute stresses that produce cellular oxidative damage, result in changes in gene expression, and are causally related to cataract formation. Currently, it is believed that H(2)O(2) is the major oxidant to which the lens is exposed. In this report, we examine the activation and regulation of the oxidant-sensitive transcription factor, NF-kappa B, by H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidative stress in lens epithelial cells. Lens epithelial cells treated with H(2)O(2) demonstrated at 1 h a strong activation of NF-kappa B which returned to basal levels by 2 h. Under proteasome inhibition using both MG132 and lactacystin, H(2)O(2)-mediated activation of NF-kappa B was prevented, implicating the involvement of proteasome degradation of I kappa B proteins as being necessary for this activation. However, Western blot analysis demonstrated no degradation of I kappa B-alpha, -beta, or -epsilon associated with H(2)O(2)-mediated NF-kappa B activation. In comparison, when cells were treated with the cytokine TNF-alpha, NF-kappa B was strongly activated and degradation of both I kappa B-alpha and -beta was observed. These results clearly demonstrate that H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidative stress activates NF-kappa B in lens epithelial cells, which may subsequently lead to changes in gene expression. The results also reveal that different signaling pathways in the activation of NF-kappa B in lens epithelial cells are utilized by H(2)O(2) and TNF-alpha. These different pathways of NF-kappa B activation may be required to effect specific NF-kappa B-dependent gene expression in response to these different stimuli. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Dudek, E J AU - Shang, F AU - Taylor, A AD - Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 2001/09/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 01 SP - 651 EP - 658 VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Free Radicals KW - I-kappa B Proteins KW - NF-kappa B KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Peptide Hydrolases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Western KW - Transcription, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - I-kappa B Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Peptide Hydrolases -- metabolism KW - Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay KW - Rabbits KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Epithelial Cells -- metabolism KW - Epithelial Cells -- drug effects KW - Lens, Crystalline -- metabolism KW - Lens, Crystalline -- drug effects KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71124537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=H%282%29O%282%29-mediated+oxidative+stress+activates+NF-kappa+B+in+lens+epithelial+cells.&rft.au=Dudek%2C+E+J%3BShang%2C+F%3BTaylor%2C+A&rft.aulast=Dudek&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-12-14 N1 - Date created - 2001-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cyanide production by rhizobacteria and potential for suppression of weed seedling growth. AN - 70912961; 11400067 AB - Rhizobacteria strains were characterized for ability to synthesize hydrogen cyanide and for effects on seedling root growth of various plants. Approximately 32% of bacteria from a collection of over 2000 isolates were cyanogenic, evolving HCN from trace concentrations to > 30 nmoles/mg cellular protein. Cyanogenesis was predominantly associated with pseudomonads and was enhanced when glycine was provided in the culture medium. Concentrations of HCN produced by rhizobacteria were similar to exogenous concentrations inhibiting seedling growth in bioassays, suggesting that cyanogenesis by rhizobacteria in the rhizosphere can adversely affect plant growth. Growth inhibition of lettuce and barnyardgrass by volatile metabolites of the cyanogenic rhizobacteria confirmed that HCN was the major inhibitory compound produced. Our results suggest that HCN produced in the rhizospheres of seedlings by selected rhizobacteria is a potential and environmentally compatible mechanism for biological control of weeds. JF - Current microbiology AU - Kremer, R J AU - Souissi, T AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Missouri, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7250, USA. KremerR@missouri.edu Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - September 2001 SP - 182 EP - 186 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Hydrogen Cyanide KW - 2WTB3V159F KW - Glycine KW - TE7660XO1C KW - Index Medicus KW - Lettuce -- growth & development KW - Poaceae -- growth & development KW - Glycine -- metabolism KW - Plants -- drug effects KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Plant Roots -- drug effects KW - Plant Development KW - Plant Roots -- growth & development KW - Hydrogen Cyanide -- metabolism KW - Plant Roots -- microbiology KW - Hydrogen Cyanide -- pharmacology KW - Pseudomonas -- metabolism KW - Pseudomonas -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/70912961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+microbiology&rft.atitle=Cyanide+production+by+rhizobacteria+and+potential+for+suppression+of+weed+seedling+growth.&rft.au=Kremer%2C+R+J%3BSouissi%2C+T&rft.aulast=Kremer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2001-08-09 N1 - Date created - 2001-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Culture, Multiplex, and 5' Nuclease Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for the Rapid Detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in Swine and Pork Products AN - 18397244; 5368568 AB - Bacteriological culture was compared with multiplex and fluorogenic (TaqMan) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection of attachment invasion locus (ail)-bearing Yersinia enterocolitica in market weight swine, chitterlings, and ground pork. The TaqMan assay detected 1 pg of purified Y. enterocolitica DNA, whereas conventional gel-based PCR detected 1 ng of the same. The presence of ail-bearing Y. enterocolitica was tested in pork and feces artificially inoculated with Y. enterocolitica strain NADC 5561. The sensitivity limits of culture, multiplex, and TaqMan PCR assays were 4 x 10 super(3), 4 x 10 super(2), and 0.4 CFU/g, respectively, for the artificially inoculated pork. The sensitivity limits were 4 x 10 super(2), 4 x 10 super(2), and 0.4 CFU/g, respectively, for feces after a 48-h enrichment in a Yersinia selective broth. By the culture method, Y. enterocolitica was not detected in any of the swine specimens (n = 2,403) examined. By contrast, it was detected in 48 (2%) of the swine samples screened using the multiplex PCR and in 656 (27.2%) of these samples using the TaqMan assay. Using the culture method, Y. enterocolitica was detected in 8% of chitterling samples (n = 350) and in none of the ground pork samples (n = 350). It was identified in 27% of the chitterling samples using multiplex PCR and in 79% of these samples using the TaqMan assay. Ten percent of the ground pork samples contained Y. enterocolitica, as determined by the multiplex PCR, and 38% based on the TaqMan assay. The results suggest that pork products harbor more ail-bearing Y. enterocolitica than selected organs of freshly slaughtered hogs and that the TaqMan assay is more sensitive than either the multiplex PCR or traditional culture methods. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Boyapalle, S AU - Wesley, I V AU - Hurd, H S AU - Reddy, P G AD - Pre-Harvest Food Safety and Enteric Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Ames, Iowa 50010 and Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, USA Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 1352 EP - 1361 VL - 64 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18397244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Culture%2C+Multiplex%2C+and+5%27+Nuclease+Polymerase+Chain+Reaction+Assays+for+the+Rapid+Detection+of+Yersinia+enterocolitica+in+Swine+and+Pork+Products&rft.au=Boyapalle%2C+S%3BWesley%2C+I+V%3BHurd%2C+H+S%3BReddy%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Boyapalle&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A rapid method for the production and characterization of recombinant insecticidal proteins in plants AN - 18345690; 5292189 AB - Development and evaluation of transgenic plants containing genes that confer insecticidal activity can be a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. Transformed plants require months of growth before they can be analyzed. Transient gene expression by plant viral vectors offers an alternative. Using this approach, infected plants can be screened after only two weeks. Genes coding for the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac toxin and a wound-induced (Kunitz-type) proteinase inhibitor from poplar (WIN3) were introduced into a potato virus X (PVX) expression vector, pPC2S. Infectious full-length RNA transcripts synthesized in vitro or infectious viral particles were used to inoculate plants. Western blots demonstrate expression of the proteins in Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rutgers and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Fluorescence microscopy was also used to monitor EGFP expression. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the PVX expression system, N. benthamiana expressing Cry1Ac or WIN3 was used and growth of Heliothis virescens, tobacco budworm was assayed. Leaves that expressed Cry1Ac were almost completely resistant to larval feeding. Tobacco budworm fed on leaves expressing WIN3 grew to only 77% of the weight of insects fed with leaves expressing PVX alone. These results illustrate that the PVX expression system allows rapid and reliable production of recombinant plant material for characterization of insecticidal genes in insect bioassays. JF - Molecular Breeding AU - Lawrence, S D AU - Novak, NG AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, BARC-West, Bldg. 011A, Room 214, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 139 EP - 146 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1380-3743, 1380-3743 KW - tomato KW - Cry1Ac toxin KW - WIN3 protein KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Populus KW - Transgenic plants KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Insecticides KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Plant diseases KW - Potato virus X KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Nicotiana benthamiana KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18345690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Breeding&rft.atitle=A+rapid+method+for+the+production+and+characterization+of+recombinant+insecticidal+proteins+in+plants&rft.au=Lawrence%2C+S+D%3BNovak%2C+NG&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Breeding&rft.issn=13803743&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus thuringiensis; Heliothis virescens; Populus; Potato virus X; Lycopersicon esculentum; Nicotiana benthamiana; Insecticides; Plant diseases; Transgenic plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Debittering of protein hydrolyzates AN - 18342175; 5205494 AB - Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins frequently results in bitter taste, which is due to the formation of low molecular weight peptides composed of mainly hydrophobic amino acids. Methods for debittering of protein hydrolyzates include selective separation such as treatment with activated carbon, extraction with alcohol, isoelectric precipitation, chromatography on silica gel, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and masking of bitter taste. Bio-based methods include further hydrolysis of bitter peptides with enzymes such as aminopeptidase, alkaline/neutral protease and carboxypeptidase, condensation reactions of bitter peptides using protease, and use of Lactobacillus as a debittering starter adjunct. The causes for the production of bitter peptides in various food protein hydrolyzates and the development of methods for the prevention, reduction, and elimination of bitterness as well as masking of bitter taste in enzymatic protein hydrolyzates are presented. JF - Biotechnology Advances AU - Saha, B C AU - Hayashi, Kiyoshi AD - Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 355 EP - 370 VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 0734-9750, 0734-9750 KW - silica KW - silicon dioxide KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Hydrophobic chromatography KW - Gel chromatography KW - Precipitation KW - Carbon (activated) KW - Hydrolysis KW - Gels KW - Lactobacillus KW - Reviews KW - Proteins KW - Bitterness KW - W2 32000:General topics and reviews KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - R 18103:Taste modifiers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18342175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Advances&rft.atitle=Debittering+of+protein+hydrolyzates&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C%3BHayashi%2C+Kiyoshi&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Advances&rft.issn=07349750&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lactobacillus; Bitterness; Carbon (activated); Hydrolysis; Precipitation; Gel chromatography; Hydrophobic chromatography; Gels; Proteins; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutual Mortality of Great Horned Owl and Southern Black Racer: a Potential Risk of Raptors Preying on Snakes AN - 18322475; 5374050 AB - We encountered a dead southern black racer snake (Coluber constrictor priapus) coiled around a dead Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus). We suggest the owl was strangled by the snake before the snake died of wounds inflicted by the owl. There are previous reports of intense physical struggle between Great Horned Owls (and other raptors) and large constrictors but this is the first documented report of mutual mortality between a Great Horned Owl and a snake. JF - Wilson Bulletin AU - Perry, R W AU - Brown, R E AU - Rudolph, D C AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Hot Springs, AR 71902, USA, rperry03@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 345 EP - 347 PB - The Wilson Ornithological Society VL - 113 IS - 3 SN - 0043-5643, 0043-5643 KW - Southern black racer KW - Great horned owl KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Coluber constrictor priapus KW - Bubo virginianus KW - Prey KW - D 04671:Birds KW - D 04670:Reptiles UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18322475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Mutual+Mortality+of+Great+Horned+Owl+and+Southern+Black+Racer%3A+a+Potential+Risk+of+Raptors+Preying+on+Snakes&rft.au=Perry%2C+R+W%3BBrown%2C+R+E%3BRudolph%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wilson+Bulletin&rft.issn=00435643&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-5643%282001%29113%280345%3AMMOGHO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coluber constrictor priapus; Bubo virginianus; Mortality; Prey DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-5643(2001)113(0345:MMOGHO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Substrate Composition on Apache Trout Fry Emergence AN - 18262760; 5311936 AB - Artificial substrates were used under laboratory conditions to assess the potential effects of fine sediment (< 2 mm) on a native southwestern (USA) salmonid. Apache trout (Oncorhynchus apache). Asynchronous, complementary field assessment of stream substrate composition was made in the White Mountains of east-central Arizona, the native range of Apache trout. Laboratory studies suggested that fry emergence was significantly reduced at 25% or greater by weight of fine sediments. Mean fine content of substrates in streams in the White Mountains ranged from 8 to 43% and averaged about 24%. Based on laboratory and field data, streams in the White Mountains region are approaching the threshold that could dramatically limit reproductive success of Apache trout. Further, a significantly greater content of optimum spawning substrate (8-32 mm) was estimated in streams emanating from the Fort Apache Indian Reservation than those in Apache Sitgreaves National Forest. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Rinne, J N AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 South Pineknoll Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001 USA Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 355 EP - 366 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - Apache trout KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Artificial substrata KW - Rivers KW - Freshwater fish KW - Streams KW - Fish larvae KW - Sediments KW - USA KW - Sediment properties KW - Substrates KW - USA, Arizona KW - Oncorhynchus apache KW - Emergence KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18262760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Substrate+Composition+on+Apache+Trout+Fry+Emergence&rft.au=Rinne%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Rinne&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Artificial substrata; Sediment properties; Freshwater fish; Emergence; Fish larvae; Substrates; Streams; Sediments; Oncorhynchus apache; USA; USA, Arizona ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Evaluation of Degree-Day Based Equations for Predicting Sprouting of Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) Turions and Tubers AN - 18262707; 5311950 AB - The ability to predict sprouting of aquatic macrophyte vegetative propagules is an important step in understanding their temporal distribution and abundance and in developing long-range management strategies. We examined the ability of degree-day based equations to predict monoecious hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L. f. Royle) tuber and turion sprouting in Clear Lake, California using sediment and water temperatures measured in the lake. Sediment temperature data were used to calculate accumulated degree-days. Sprouting of turions and tubers was estimated using previously developed equations relating sprouting to accumulated degree-days. There was good agreement between sprouting predictions and field data on the presence of hydrilla in weed rake samples. Small differences among water temperatures at the five sites and strong relationships between water and sediment temperatures indicate that sprouting should be similar in hydrilla beds found along the western and southern shores of upper Clear Lake. These results can be used to estimate optimal timing for surveys of hydrilla abundance and the application of hydrilla management techniques. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Exotic & Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Weed Science Program, Robbins Hall, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 479 EP - 486 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Prediction KW - Temperature effects KW - Biological surveys KW - USA, California, Clear L. KW - Aquatic plants KW - Climatic conditions KW - Hydrilla verticillata KW - Macrophytes KW - Growth KW - Lakes KW - Reproduction KW - USA, California KW - Population number KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08224:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18262707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=Field+Evaluation+of+Degree-Day+Based+Equations+for+Predicting+Sprouting+of+Hydrilla+%28Hydrilla+verticillata%29+Turions+and+Tubers&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Temperature effects; Prediction; Aquatic plants; Reproduction; Population number; Macrophytes; Lakes; Growth; Climatic conditions; Hydrilla verticillata; USA, California, Clear L.; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CQESTR, a field-level farm carbon sequestration planning tool AN - 18255326; 5312785 AB - A new predictive model, CQESTR was developed using an existing organic carbon decomposition model (D3R). CQESTR utilizes annual input of organic biomass both above and below ground, residue burial by tillage, biomass nitrogen content, soil bulk density and organic matter content by layer, and climate, to predict changes of organic matter induced by management practices, including amendments, and crop and tillage sequences. Observed soil organic carbon data from long term management plots established in 1931 on the Research Center at Pendleton OR were used to calibrate the model. Results from validation studies using data from numerous long-term sites throughout the United States and in parts of Canada, with crop rotation, tillage, and soil organic matter content records is provided. Examples of model predictions for various short-term farm management scenarios are presented. The model, in a Windows environment, which may be used in conjunction with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), taping into existing RUSLE databases, is being beta-tested at the farm level, in universities, and research laboratories in the U.S. and Canada. Preliminary results of the beta tests to assess the model are presented. JF - World Resource Review AU - Rickman, R W AU - Douglas, CL AU - Albrecht, S L AU - Berc, J L AU - Norfleet, L AU - Hubbs, M AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, OR 97810 USA Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 356 EP - 368 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1042-8011, 1042-8011 KW - carbon sequestration KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Mathematical models KW - Climate KW - Organic carbon KW - Biomass KW - Land use KW - USA KW - Canada KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18255326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Resource+Review&rft.atitle=CQESTR%2C+a+field-level+farm+carbon+sequestration+planning+tool&rft.au=Rickman%2C+R+W%3BDouglas%2C+CL%3BAlbrecht%2C+S+L%3BBerc%2C+J+L%3BNorfleet%2C+L%3BHubbs%2C+M&rft.aulast=Rickman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=World+Resource+Review&rft.issn=10428011&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Canada; Organic carbon; Agriculture; Biomass; Land use; Climate; Mathematical models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring changes in feral swine abundance and spatial distribution AN - 18232383; 5299668 AB - Swine (Sus scrofa) have been introduced in many places throughout the world, and in many places they adversely affect the environment, economically impact agriculture, and/or harbour diseases transmittable to domestic livestock or humans. An easily applied method to assess their abundance is an important need for their management. To monitor efficacy of a swine control programme in Florida, data from passive tracking plots provide an index of feral swine abundance. The same track data coupled with plot locations to numerically describe the spatial pattern of swine activity gave an index of pervasiveness, and a simple rate of interception of damage sites to index damage was used. The assessments were conducted in January, May, and August 2000 in Jonathan Dickinson State Park, Florida, USA. Between the first two assessments a swine control programme removed 25 feral swine from the 8.3 km super(2) study area, after which the value of the passive tracking index was reduced by 81% and the fresh damage index by 89%, while the index of spatial pattern (pervasiveness index) showed only a small localized concentration after control. In the three months following the second assessment, Park personnel removed three additional swine from the study area, and a follow-up assessment indicated slightly less swine activity than immediately after the post-control assessment, however the index of pervasiveness showed a similar spatial pattern of activity as the initial assessment, possibly indicating re-invasive pressure. The passive tracking plots proved to be an uncomplicated, easily applied means to gather data for assessing and comparing swine abundance and distribution. JF - Environmental Conservation AU - Engeman, R M AU - Constantin, B AU - Nelson, M AU - Woolard, J AU - Bourassa, J AD - National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA, richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 235 EP - 240 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0376-8929, 0376-8929 KW - Pig KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Spatial distribution KW - USA, Florida KW - Sus scrofa KW - Abundance KW - Population changes KW - Introduced species KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18232383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Conservation&rft.atitle=Monitoring+changes+in+feral+swine+abundance+and+spatial+distribution&rft.au=Engeman%2C+R+M%3BConstantin%2C+B%3BNelson%2C+M%3BWoolard%2C+J%3BBourassa%2C+J&rft.aulast=Engeman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Conservation&rft.issn=03768929&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sus scrofa; USA, Florida; Population changes; Abundance; Spatial distribution; Introduced species; Environmental monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Root Characteristics in Pea in Relation to Compaction and Fusarium Root Rot AN - 18232191; 5299331 AB - Differences in pea root length, root surface area, and diameter were rapidly determined using the WinRhizo computer program. Repeatable differences were measured both in the laboratory and in the field. Large-rooted lines, as measured in the laboratory, also were the largest-rooted lines in the field. Large-rooted lines produced more roots and had more root surface area when exposed to a 1.6 g cm super(-3) bulk density compacted layer with the presence of the Fusarium root rot pathogen (Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi). Also, large-rooted lines regenerated more roots when one-third or two-thirds of the root system was removed or when one cotyledon was removed from 5-day-old plants. Large-rooted pea lines should have an advantage in growing under adverse conditions of compaction and the presence of Fusarium root rot. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kraft, J M AU - Boge, W AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, PWA, Prosser, WA 99350, USA, jmkraft@qwest.net Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 936 EP - 940 VL - 85 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - pea KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Symptoms KW - Fields KW - Laboratories KW - Pisum sativum KW - Root rot KW - Fusarium solani KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18232191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Root+Characteristics+in+Pea+in+Relation+to+Compaction+and+Fusarium+Root+Rot&rft.au=Kraft%2C+J+M%3BBoge%2C+W&rft.aulast=Kraft&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=936&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium solani; Pisum sativum; Root rot; Symptoms; Laboratories; Fields ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host Range Differences Between Populations of Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola Obtained from Perennial Ryegrass and Tall Fescue AN - 18232046; 5299343 AB - In the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, cool-season grasses grown for seed can be severely damaged by Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola, causal agent of stem rust. Urediniospores of the pathogen, collected either from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), were tested for host range among selected grasses and cereals. Under greenhouse conditions, the inoculum from L. perenne could produce pustules on this host, as well as on Dactylis glomerata, Lolium multiflorum, Poa pratensis, and F. rubra subsp. rubra and subsp. commutata; it caused only limited pustule development (low incidence or pustule type) on F. arundinacea, F. ovina subsp. hirtula, P. annua, Hordeum vulgare, and Secale cereale. No symptoms were produced on Triticum aestivum or Avena sativa. The inoculum from F. arundinacea had a host range that included itself, D. glomerata, L. perenne, L. multiflorum, and F. rubra subsp. rubra and subsp. commutata; there was no sign of pustule development on Poa spp. or the cereal grains tested (T. aestivum, A. sativa, S. cereale, and H. vulgare). The two urediniospore populations differed also in rate of symptom development on most of their common hosts. There was a small, but statistically significant, difference in spore size among the populations from different hosts. No recommendation is made for separate taxonomic status of populations from F. arundinacea and L. perenne, but the adaptation of each to its own host should be considered when devising disease management strategies and studying host genetic resistance. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pfender, W F AD - USDA-ARS National Forage Seed Production Research Center, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331, USA, pfenderw@ucs.orst.edu Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 993 EP - 998 VL - 85 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Cereal rust KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Host range KW - Stem rust KW - Grasses KW - Puccinia graminis KW - Greenhouses KW - Cereals KW - Lolium perenne KW - Spores KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18232046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Host+Range+Differences+Between+Populations+of+Puccinia+graminis+subsp.+graminicola+Obtained+from+Perennial+Ryegrass+and+Tall+Fescue&rft.au=Pfender%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Pfender&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia graminis; Lolium perenne; Host range; Stem rust; Spores; Grasses; Cereals; Greenhouses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in Cowpea and Implications for Control of Cowpea Stunt Disease AN - 18231286; 5299345 AB - Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BlCMV) interact synergistically in dually infected plants of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata) to cause cowpea stunt disease, the most damaging viral disease of this crop in the U.S. Sources of resistance to BlCMV are known and are present in cultivars of cowpea such as Pinkeye Purple Hull-BVR. However, no sources of CMV resistance have been found previously in cowpea. In 1998, PI 441918, a cowpea line growing in regeneration plots, was observed to have few viral symptoms, was not infected with BlCMV, and had a low titer of CMV when tested using direct antigen coating-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA). In greenhouse tests, infection of PI 441918 with CMV resulted in a lower titer of virus if the inoculated plants were from white seeds of PI 441918 than if the plants were from tan seeds of this PI, and a lower titer of virus than plants of the susceptible cultivar Coronet. In the field, with CMV- and BlCMV-infected plants of Coronet in spreader rows, plants from white seed of PI 441918 had no infection with BlCMV and a low infection rate with CMV. PI 441918 offers a high level of resistance to BlCMV and moderate resistance to CMV, which are important characteristics in a parental line to develop cultivars of cowpea resistant to cowpea stunt disease. JF - Plant Disease AU - Gillaspie, AG Jr AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, Griffin, GA 30223, USA, s9gg@ars-grin.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 1004 EP - 1005 VL - 85 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Symptoms KW - Cucumber mosaic virus KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Plant diseases KW - Disease resistance KW - Greenhouses KW - Vigna unguiculata KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18231286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Resistance+to+Cucumber+mosaic+virus+in+Cowpea+and+Implications+for+Control+of+Cowpea+Stunt+Disease&rft.au=Gillaspie%2C+AG+Jr&rft.aulast=Gillaspie&rft.aufirst=AG&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1004&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cucumber mosaic virus; Vigna unguiculata; Plant diseases; Symptoms; Disease resistance; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Greenhouses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnostic phytoliths for a ponderosa pine-bunchgrass community near Flagstaff, Arizona AN - 18227989; 5297263 AB - Phytolith analysis could play an important role in understanding vegetation dynamics in southwestern ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests, which have been dramatically altered by fire suppression and other factors. My objectives were to develop a phytolith reference collection and classification system for a ponderosa pine-bunchgrass community found near Flagstaff, Arizona. I examined 27 species of grasses found in and around the study area and ponderosa pine for diagnostic phytoliths. Twenty other species common to the area were examined for redundant phytolith forms. Eight phytolith forms were identified, including a diagnostic phytolith for ponderosa pine, the spiny body. The general Poaceae subfamily system validated by numerous researchers is applicable to this community. Examination of phytolith shape frequencies show that for 7 species in the subfamily Pooideae, and 1 species in the Panicoideae, very few (0 to 5%) nondiagnostic phytolith forms were present. Nondiagnostic phytoliths, particularly rondels, were more common (7 to 22%) for the 3 species from the Chloridoideae subfamily. This result is consistent with the observation by other authors that all grasses produce rondel forms and indicates that rondels will be over-represented in phytolith assemblages in comparison to actual vegetation. The ponderosa pine spiny body appears to be a useful diagnostic for this area and vegetation reconstructions using soil phytolith assemblages based on the system developed in this study could be used to understand grass-tree and grass vegetation dynamics. JF - Southwestern Naturalist AU - Kerns, B K AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, bkerns@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 282 EP - 294 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0038-4909, 0038-4909 KW - Grasses KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Vegetation changes KW - Trees KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Poaceae KW - USA, Arizona KW - Methodology KW - D 04680:Paleoecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18227989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Diagnostic+phytoliths+for+a+ponderosa+pine-bunchgrass+community+near+Flagstaff%2C+Arizona&rft.au=Kerns%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Kerns&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.issn=00384909&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Poaceae; Pinus ponderosa; USA, Arizona; Vegetation changes; Grasses; Trees; Methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age of A2 Horizon Charcoal and Forest Structure near Porto Trombetas, Para, Brazil AN - 18222693; 5280274 AB - To study the structure and composition of old-growth forest in the Saraca-Taquera National Forest near Porto Trombetas, Brazil, we established 36 0.25 ha plots and described the vegetation. We collected charcoal from the A2 soil horizon of each plot for radiocarbon dating. Although fires have been very rare in this forest during historic times, the presence of charcoal in these soils indicates fire at some earlier period. The ages (conventional radiocarbon age adjusted to 1997) of the charcoal ranged from 177 to 1547 years. These ages, however, did not correlate significantly with any of several measures of biodiversity or stand characteristics. The relative uniformity of the current old-growth forest indicates that either the prehistoric fires were of such low intensity that they had little long-term effect on the vegetation or that the present stands have progressed to near steady state. JF - Biotropica AU - Francis, J K AU - Knowles, OH AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928-5000, USA Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 385 EP - 392 PB - Association for Tropical Biology, Inc., [URL:http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract &issn=0006-3606&volume=33&page=385] VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0006-3606, 0006-3606 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Rain forests KW - Old growth KW - Community structure KW - Brazil KW - Biological diversity KW - Paleoecology KW - D 04680:Paleoecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18222693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotropica&rft.atitle=Age+of+A2+Horizon+Charcoal+and+Forest+Structure+near+Porto+Trombetas%2C+Para%2C+Brazil&rft.au=Francis%2C+J+K%3BKnowles%2C+OH&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotropica&rft.issn=00063606&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0006-3606%282001%29033%280385%3AAOAHCA%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brazil; Paleoecology; Old growth; Rain forests; Biological diversity; Community structure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0006-3606(2001)033(0385:AOAHCA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A rapid twofold dilution method for microbial enumeration and resuscitation of uninjured and sublethally injured bacteria AN - 18195146; 5224714 AB - Aims: A rapid and simple method for enumerating uninjured and sublethally injured bacterial cells, the twofold dilution method (2FD), was developed and evaluated. Methods and Results: Following twofold serial dilution of samples in a 96 well microtiter plate, double strength selective broth or nonselective broth was added to each well. For resuscitation of heat-injured (55 degree C for 10 min) coliforms, the selective broth was added to the wells after 3 h preresuscitation time in buffered peptone water. The results of the 2FD were compared to plating methods for total and coliform plate counts from mixed cultures and beef carcass surface tissue samples. Conclusions: The 2FD method results were not significantly different for uninjured cells (P > 0.05) from those obtained using Petrifilm and standard plating. Correlation of the scatterplot of spread plating and 2FD indicated a high level of agreement between these two methods (R super(2)=0.98 for total counts and R super(2)=0.96 for coliforms from mixed cultures; R super(2)=0.98 for total cell counts and R super(2)=0.94 for coliforms from faeces inoculated beef carcasses). Significance and Impact of the Study: The twofold dilution method recovered significantly higher numbers of heat-injured coliforms compared to conventional plating methods (P < 0.05). JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Kang, D AU - Siragusa, G AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933-0166, USA, siragusa@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 232 EP - 236 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Coliforms KW - Injuries KW - Heat KW - Dilution KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18195146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+rapid+twofold+dilution+method+for+microbial+enumeration+and+resuscitation+of+uninjured+and+sublethally+injured+bacteria&rft.au=Kang%2C+D%3BSiragusa%2C+G&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765X.2001.00988.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coliforms; Heat; Injuries; Dilution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2001.00988.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design and Implementation of Monitoring Studies to Evaluate the Success of Ecological Restoration on Wildlife AN - 18192118; 5225091 AB - Restoration projects are often developed with little consideration for understanding their effects on wildlife. We contend, however, that monitoring treatment effects on wildlife should be an integral component of the design and execution of any management activity, including restoration. Thus, we provide a conceptual framework for the design and implementation of monitoring studies to understand the effects of restoration on wildlife. Our underlying premise is that effective monitoring hinges on an appropriate study design for unbiased and precise estimates of the response variables. We advocate using measures of population dynamics for response variables given that they provide the most direct measures of wildlife status and trends. The species to be monitored should be those constituting an assemblage of umbrella species that represent the range of spatial and functional requirements of wildlife in a restored ecological system. Selection of umbrella species should be based on strong empirical evidence that justifies their usage. We also advocate that monitoring be designed as true experiments or quasi-experiments rather than as observational studies to allow for stronger inferences regarding the effects of restoration on wildlife. Our primary message is that if monitoring is to be done, it must be scientifically based. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Block, WM AU - Franklin, AB AU - Ward, J P AU - Ganey, J L AU - White, G C AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, U.S.A. Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 293 EP - 303 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Wildlife management KW - Environmental restoration KW - Habitat utilization KW - Monitoring KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18192118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Design+and+Implementation+of+Monitoring+Studies+to+Evaluate+the+Success+of+Ecological+Restoration+on+Wildlife&rft.au=Block%2C+WM%3BFranklin%2C+AB%3BWard%2C+J+P%3BGaney%2C+J+L%3BWhite%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1526-100X.2001.009003293.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental restoration; Wildlife management; Habitat utilization; Monitoring DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2001.009003293.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visions of nature: conflict and compatibility in urban park restoration AN - 18190224; 5208110 AB - Although various disciplines have developed "objective" principles and practices for landscape restoration in recent decades, the concept of restoration itself often rests on subjective questions of cultural value. Issues related to restoring the naturalness of urban open spaces were explored in a planning effort for an area of parkland along Chicago's lakefront. Four different "visions of nature" emerged through dialogue with stakeholders, each emphasizing a different set of characteristics related to the landscape's perceived structure and function as well as its human values and uses: (1) nature as designed landscape, where the concern was to restore the original 1938 naturalistic design for the site by a noted landscape architect; (2) nature as habitat, where individuals sought to restore a hedgerow created during the 1950s that has since become a magnet for migrating birds; (3) nature as recreation, where a variety of interests sought to balance nature restoration goals with the preservation of established recreational activities occurring on and adjacent to the site; and (4) nature as pre-European settlement landscape, where individuals sought to restore the site as a reflection of the regional landscape as it may have existed before development of Chicago in the 1830s. It became clear during the course of the effort that the landscape features some individuals sought to restore had attained an iconic status, symbolizing for them meanings and values deeper than what might be discerned by those not intimately knowledgeable of the site and its social context, and that the preservation and enhancement of these features needed to be a central part of any final plan for the site. Trying to maintain these icons in accommodating the various visions of nature did give rise to some conflicts, but stakeholder negotiations also showed how the visions were compatible and how iconic features might "nest" within each other as a result of different scales and locations of concern. Implications for landscape design and management are discussed. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Gobster, PH AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 845 Chicago Ave., Suite 225, Evanston, IL 60202, USA, pgobster@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2001/09/01/ PY - 2001 DA - 2001 Sep 01 SP - 35 EP - 51 VL - 56 IS - 1-2 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Illinois KW - Planning KW - Parks KW - Environmental restoration KW - Environmental perception KW - Urban environments KW - D 04890:Planning/development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18190224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Visions+of+nature%3A+conflict+and+compatibility+in+urban+park+restoration&rft.au=Gobster%2C+PH&rft.aulast=Gobster&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Illinois; Parks; Urban environments; Environmental restoration; Environmental perception; Planning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of water table, clipping, and species interactions on Carex nebrascensis and Poa pratensis in riparian meadows AN - 18187424; 5221531 AB - In this study, we hypothesized that the primary variable determining species responses and interactions within wet/mesic riparian meadows in central Nevada, USA was the water table but that the direct and indirect effects of livestock grazing modified both species responses and interactions. We tested this hypothesis for two widespread riparian species, Carex nebrascensis and Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis, that co-occur but have maximum expression at different water tables. Carex nebrascensis has widely spread tillers typical of 'guerilla' plant architecture, while P. pratensis has closely spaced and compact tillers typical of 'phalanx' plant architecture. Individuals of both species were grown at mid- and low water tables with or without neighbors and were either clipped or not clipped at the end of the first growing season. For the study site with the most complete record, mean water-table depth during the growing season (May through August) on the mid sites was -32 cm in year 1 and -7 cm in year 2. Water-table depth on the low sites was -69 cm in year 1 and -31 cm in year 2. Plant survival, tillering, biomass, and seed production over a 2-yr period were used to quantify the species responses. Water table had no effect on tillering or biomass of C. nebrascensis, indicating that it is adapted for growth and persistence over the range of water tables examined. In contrast, growth and tillering of P. pratensis was severely restricted at more shallow water tables. Poa pratensis had about 50% fewer tillers and lower biomass (9.0 vs 46.5 g) for neighbor-removed plots on mid- than low-water-table sites at one of the study meadows. Further, tiller numbers of P. pratensis increased over time on the low-water-table plots, but decreased on the mid-water-table plots. Clipping had no effect on the survival, tillering, or growth of either species. The clipping treatment may not have removed sufficient leaf mass or may have been applied too near the end of the growing season to elicit a response. Neighborhood removal resulted in a 3- to 10-fold increase in tillering and higher plant mass (1.3 vs. 9.5 g) for C. nebrascensis. Poa pratensis showed an even greater response to neighbor removal. Tillering was 6- to 100-fold greater and mass was 15 to 50 times greater on neighbor removed than neighbor-intact plots. Comparisons between single species and mixed species plots indicated that there was an interaction between the species that limited tiller production in C. nebrascensis. These results indicate that P. pratensis, the 'phalanx' species, is capable of more rapidly responding to disturbances that remove neighbors and increase available space than C. nebrascensis, the 'guerilla' species. Contrary to previous studies, the interactions between the two species do not seem to be related to plant architecture and can be best attributed to generally greater growth rates and increased competitive ability for P. pratensis at lower water tables. Grazing may further alter the relative competitive ability of the two species in favor of P. pratensis. JF - Wetlands AU - Martin, D W AU - Chambers, J C AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 920 Valley Road, Reno, NV 89512, USA Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 422 EP - 430 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - USA, Nevada KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Growth rate KW - Carex nebrascensis KW - Riparian Vegetation KW - Seeds KW - Grazing KW - Survival KW - Water table KW - Growth Rates KW - Biomass KW - Water Table KW - Poa pratensis KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Meadows KW - Riparian vegetation KW - Wetlands KW - Pruning KW - Competition KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - SW 0810:General KW - D 04636:Grasses KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18187424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Effects+of+water+table%2C+clipping%2C+and+species+interactions+on+Carex+nebrascensis+and+Poa+pratensis+in+riparian+meadows&rft.au=Martin%2C+D+W%3BChambers%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=422&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Interspecific relationships; Grazing; Water table; Riparian vegetation; Wetlands; Competition; Meadows; Pruning; Seeds; Riparian Vegetation; Survival; Growth Rates; Water Table; Biomass; Carex nebrascensis; Poa pratensis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Escherichia coli O157:H7 becomes resistant to sodium chlorate in pure culture, but not in mixed culture or in vivo AN - 18130590; 5225223 AB - Aims: Chlorate kills Escherichia coli O157:H7 and may be an effective feed additive for use in food animals. This study was designed to determine if development of chlorate-resistant E. coli O157:H7 strains was likely. Methods and Results: Escherichia coli O157:H7 was chlorate-sensitive, but became chlorate-resistant in pure batch culture and in sterilized faecal fluid; it was killed in mixed culture and did not become resistant. Addition of chlorate to continuous pure cultures caused chlorate resistance, but chlorate addition to mixed continuous culture eliminated E. coli O157:H7 and no resistance occurred. Piglets challenged with E. coli O157:H7 were treated with chlorate; populations were reduced and colonies were always chlorate-sensitive. Conclusions: Chlorate-resistant E. coli O157:H7 can be selected in pure, but not mixed culture, and results suggest that terminal chlorate feeding will not select for chlorate-resistance in vivo. Significance and Impact of the Study: Chlorate can reduce food-borne pathogens prior to harvest, but development of resistance does not appear likely in vivo. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Callaway, T AU - Anderson, R AU - Anderson, T AU - Poole, T AU - Bischoff, K AU - Kubena, L AU - Nisbet, D AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, TX, USA, callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 427 EP - 434 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 91 IS - 3 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - pure culture KW - mixed culture KW - in vivo KW - pigs KW - chlorate KW - sodium chlorate KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Drug resistance KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Livestock KW - Food additives KW - Escherichia coli KW - Chlorate KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Sodium chloride KW - Feeds KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18130590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+becomes+resistant+to+sodium+chlorate+in+pure+culture%2C+but+not+in+mixed+culture+or+in+vivo&rft.au=Callaway%2C+T%3BAnderson%2C+R%3BAnderson%2C+T%3BPoole%2C+T%3BBischoff%2C+K%3BKubena%2C+L%3BNisbet%2C+D&rft.aulast=Callaway&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2001.01396.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Food-borne diseases; Livestock; Food additives; Antibacterial agents; Feeds; Drug resistance; Chlorate; Sodium chloride DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01396.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin Contamination of Leguminous Trees of the Sonoran Desert in Arizona AN - 18109628; 5210029 AB - Aspergillus spp. in section Flavi were frequently associated with desert tree legumes in uncultivated areas of the Sonoran Desert. Of 270 samples of debris and fruits of mesquite (Prosopis spp.), ironwood (Olneya tesota), acacia (Acacia spp.), and palo verde (Cercidium and Parkinsonia spp.), 87% were positive for A. flavus (S and L strains) and A. tamarii. A. flavus was the most common species (87%) among the 3,763 isolates examined. Mesquite pods were both the substrate from which A. flavus was recovered most frequently and the substrate from native habitats with the greatest aflatoxin content. In vitro, most desert legumes supported significant growth, reproduction, and aflatoxin production by A. flavus, with mesquite pods yielding 1 x 10 super(10) propagules/g and 5,000 mu g/kg of aflatoxin B sub(1). Twenty percent of legume pods collected in the desert contained measurable quantities of aflatoxin, ranging from 1 to >2,500 mu g/kg. Insect-damaged mesquite pods had significantly higher aflatoxin than intact pods. Legumes are apparently important reservoirs of aflatoxin-producing fungi and significant sources of aflatoxin contamination in the native Sonoran Desert habitats of Arizona. JF - Phytopathology AU - Boyd, M L AU - Cotty, P J AD - Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124. USA, pjcotty@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 913 EP - 919 VL - 91 IS - 9 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Plant diseases KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Contamination KW - Trees KW - Aflatoxins KW - Mycotoxins KW - USA, Arizona KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18109628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Aspergillus+flavus+and+Aflatoxin+Contamination+of+Leguminous+Trees+of+the+Sonoran+Desert+in+Arizona&rft.au=Boyd%2C+M+L%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; USA, Arizona; Trees; Mycotoxins; Plant diseases; Contamination; Aflatoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of two Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis gene products differentially recognised by sera from rabbits immunised with live mycobacteria but not heat-killed mycobacteria AN - 18107987; 5185329 AB - The investigation of environmentally regulated proteins has led to a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions and identified novel vaccine candidate antigens for several bacterial pathogens. In an effort to identify such proteins in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis), a genomic expression library was differentially screened with sera from rabbits that had been immunised with live M. paratuberculosis ( alpha -live) as well as sera from rabbits immunised with heat-killed M. paratuberculosis ( alpha -killed). These experiments identified seven recombinant plaques that were uniquely recognised by the alpha -live sera. Sequence data showed that five of these clones overlapped with each other and contained a common open-reading frame encoding a 25-kDa protein, termed Csp1. The 25-kDa antigen shows weak similarity to a secreted Corynebacterium glutamicum protein. The remaining two clones overlapped with each other and contained two partial open-reading frames, both encoding proteins with strong homology to polyketide synthase from various species of mycobacteria. Antisera were produced against a peptide of the polyketide synthase gene product designated Pks7. Csp1-specific antibodies were affinity purified from the alpha -live sera. These purified antibodies demonstrated that Csp1 was present within infected macrophages. Collectively, these data identify novel M. paratuberculosis antigens that may be important in pathogenesis. JF - Journal of Medical Microbiology AU - Bannantine, J P AU - Stabel, J R AD - National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA, jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 795 EP - 804 VL - 50 IS - 9 SN - 0022-2615, 0022-2615 KW - rabbits KW - Csp1 protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antibodies KW - Antigens KW - Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis KW - Proteins KW - Immunization KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18107987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+two+Mycobacterium+avium+subspecies+paratuberculosis+gene+products+differentially+recognised+by+sera+from+rabbits+immunised+with+live+mycobacteria+but+not+heat-killed+mycobacteria&rft.au=Bannantine%2C+J+P%3BStabel%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Bannantine&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=795&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00222615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis; Immunization; Antigens; Antibodies; Proteins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a Heteroduplex Mobility Assay To Detect Differences in the Fusion Protein Cleavage Site Coding Sequence among Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates AN - 18092215; 5169606 AB - Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an economically important pathogen of poultry that may cause clinical disease that ranges from a mild respiratory syndrome to a virulent form with high mortality, depending on an isolate's pathotype. Infections with virulent NDV strains are required to be reported by member nations to the Office of International Epizootes (OIE). The primary determinant for virulence among NDV isolates is the presence or absence of dibasic amino acids in the fusion (F) protein cleavage activation site. Along with biological virulence determinations as the definitive tests, OIE accepts reporting of the F protein cleavage site sequence of NDV isolates as a virulence criterion. Nucleotide sequence data for many NDV isolates recently isolated from infected chickens and other avian species worldwide have been deposited in GenBank. Consequently, viral genomic information surrounding the F protein cleavage site coding sequence was used to develop a heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) to aid in further identification of molecular markers as predictors of NDV virulence. Using common vaccine strains as a reference, we were able to distinguish virulent viruses among NDV isolates that correlated with phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence. This technique was also used to examine NDV isolates not previously characterized. We were able to distinguish vaccine-like viruses from other isolates potentially virulent for chickens. This technique will help improve international harmonization of veterinary biologics as set forth by the OIE and the Veterinary International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements of Veterinary Medicinal Products. Ultimately, the HMA could be used for initial screening among a large number of isolates and rapid identification of potentially virulent NDV that continue to threaten commercial poultry worldwide. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Berinstein, A AU - Sellers, H S AU - King, D J AU - Seal, B S AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, A.R.S., U.S.D.A., 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605., bseal@seprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 3171 EP - 3178 VL - 39 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - double prime F protein KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - F protein KW - ^AF protein KW - Phylogeny KW - Assays KW - Cleavage KW - Virulence KW - Animal isolates KW - Newcastle disease virus KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18092215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+Heteroduplex+Mobility+Assay+To+Detect+Differences+in+the+Fusion+Protein+Cleavage+Site+Coding+Sequence+among+Newcastle+Disease+Virus+Isolates&rft.au=Berinstein%2C+A%3BSellers%2C+H+S%3BKing%2C+D+J%3BSeal%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Berinstein&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.9.3171-3178.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Newcastle disease virus; Cleavage; Virulence; Phylogeny; Animal isolates; Assays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.9.3171-3178.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Murine Monoclonal Antibodies against Escherichia coli O4 Lipopolysaccharide and H5 Flagellin AN - 18090801; 5169577 AB - Two murine monoclonal antibodies (MAb), 2C5-F10 and 8D1-H10, reactive with Escherichia coli O4 and H5 antigens, respectively, were generated and characterized. Enzyme immunoassays and immunoblots demonstrated that MAb 2C5-F10 reacted specifically with lipopolysaccharide O antigen of E. coli O4 isolates, while MAb 8D1-H10 reacted with E. coli strains expressing H5 flagella. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Rivera-Betancourt, M AU - Keen, JE AD - USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, NE 68933., keen@emailmarc.usda.gov Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 3409 EP - 3413 VL - 39 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - double prime O antigen KW - flagellin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - O antigen KW - Endotoxins KW - Immunoblotting KW - Antigens KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Escherichia coli KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Enzyme immunoassay KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18090801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Murine+Monoclonal+Antibodies+against+Escherichia+coli+O4+Lipopolysaccharide+and+H5+Flagellin&rft.au=Rivera-Betancourt%2C+M%3BKeen%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Rivera-Betancourt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.39.9.3409-3413.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Endotoxins; Monoclonal antibodies; Lipopolysaccharides; Antigens; Enzyme immunoassay; Immunoblotting DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.9.3409-3413.2001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of a Novel Compound, 7,10,12-Trihydroxy-8(E)-Octadecenoic Acid from Ricinoleic Acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 AN - 1448221857; 18620035 AB - The production and its potential use of a novel trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid, 7,10,12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (TOD), were investigated. TOD was formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 (NRRL B-18602) in a culture supplied with exogenous ricinoleic acid. The yield of TOD production was always higher in a rich culture medium than in minimal screening medium. Extending the conversion time from 48 to 72 h prior to lipid extraction led to a 65% reduction in yield, indicating that TOD was further metabolized by strain PR3 and that control of reaction time is important to achieving a maximum yield. The optimum culture density, reaction time, pH, temperature, and substrate concentration for the production of TOD were: 20-24 h culture growth, 48 h, 7.0, 25 degree C, and 1% (vol/vol), respectively. Under optimum conditions, the yield of TOD production was greater than 45%. TOD was found to be an antifungal agent most active against the fungus that causes blast disease in rice plants, the most important fungal disease affecting rice production worldwide. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Kuo, Tsung Min AU - Kim, Hakryul AU - Hou, Ching T AD - Microbial Properties Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service,, 1815 North University Street, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, US Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 198 EP - 203 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antifungal agents KW - Total oxygen demand KW - Oryza sativa KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448221857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Production+of+a+Novel+Compound%2C+7%2C10%2C12-Trihydroxy-8%28E%29-Octadecenoic+Acid+from+Ricinoleic+Acid+by+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+PR3&rft.au=Kuo%2C+Tsung+Min%3BKim%2C+Hakryul%3BHou%2C+Ching+T&rft.aulast=Kuo&rft.aufirst=Tsung&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002840010287 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Total oxygen demand; Oryza sativa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002840010287 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Construction of a Shuttle Vector and Transformation of Xylella fastidiosa with Plasmid DNA AN - 1448221300; 18620028 AB - We have isolated, cloned, and sequenced a 5823-bp cryptic plasmid from a strain of Xylella fastidiosa. This plasmid encodes five open reading frames (ORF) greater than 400 nucleotides each. ORF 2 encodes a protein with 37% amino acid identity to the replication initiator protein of plasmid pECB2 from Pseudomonas alcaligenes. This RepA protein from X. fastidiosa contains both a leucine zipper and helix turn helix motif characteristic of proteins involved in DNA replication. The sequence 5' of ORF 2 has all of the features characteristic of plasmid origins of replication as well as regulatory elements required for transcription of ORF 2. Open reading frame 2, along with the upstream origin of replication, was cloned as an EcoRI fragment into pUC19 to create a shuttle vector. This construct was introduced into Xylella fastidiosa by electroporation, with selection for carbenicillin resistance. Transformation was verified by both PCR and Southern hybridization experiments. Frequency of transformation was low, but increased ten-fold when the plasmid was grown in X. fastidiosa rather than Escherichia coli prior to transformation. This work represents the first step towards the development of a system for genetic analysis of this important plant pathogen of citrus, grapevines, and other horticultural crops. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Qin, Xiaoting AU - Hartung, John S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fruit Laboratory,, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, US Y1 - 2001/09// PY - 2001 DA - Sep 2001 SP - 158 EP - 162 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Amino acids KW - Citrus KW - Plasmids KW - G 07800:Plants and Algae KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448221300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+Shuttle+Vector+and+Transformation+of+Xylella+fastidiosa+with+Plasmid+DNA&rft.au=Qin%2C+Xiaoting%3BHartung%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Qin&rft.aufirst=Xiaoting&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs002840010280 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plasmids; Citrus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002840010280 ER -