TY - JOUR T1 - An improved understanding of soil Cd risk to humans and low cost methods to phytoextract Cd from contaminated soils to prevent soil Cd risks. AN - 67240180; 15688862 AB - We believe greater consideration should be given the agronomic and nutritional/bioavailability factors that influence risk from Cd-contaminated soils. We have argued that the ability of rice to accumulate soil Cd in grain while excluding Fe, Zn and Ca (even though the soil contains 100-times more Zn than Cd) was important in adverse effects of soil Cd is farm families in Asia. Further, polished rice grain is deficient in Fe, Zn and Ca for humans, which promotes Cd absorption into duodenal cells. New kinetic studies clarified that dietary Cd is absorbed into duodenum enterocytes; 109Cd from a single meal remained in the duodenum for up to 16 days; part of the turnover pool 109Cd moved to the liver and kidneys by the end of the 64-day 'chase' period. Thus malnutrition induced by subsistence rice diets caused a higher absorption of dietary Cd and much higher potential risk from soil Cd than other crops. Because rice-induced Fe-Zn-Ca-malnutrition is so important in soil Cd risk, it seems evident that providing nutritional supplements to populations of exposed subsistence rice farmers could protect them against soil Cd during a period of soil remediation. In the long term, high Cd rice soils need to be remediated. Remediation by removal and replacement of contaminated soil is very expensive (on the order of $3 million/ha); while phytoextraction using the high Cd accumulating ecotypes of the Zn-Cd hyperaccumulator, Thlaspi caerulescens, should provide low cost soil Cd remediation. JF - Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine AU - Chaney, Rufus L AU - Reeves, Philip G AU - Ryan, James A AU - Simmons, Robert W AU - Welch, Ross M AU - Angle, J Scott AD - USDA-ARS-Beltsville, MD, USA. chaneyr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 549 EP - 553 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0966-0844, 0966-0844 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Agriculture -- economics KW - Oryza -- economics KW - Humans KW - Oryza -- metabolism KW - Oryza -- chemistry KW - Zinc -- metabolism KW - Cadmium Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Biological Availability KW - Soil Pollutants -- isolation & purification KW - Cadmium -- metabolism KW - Cadmium -- administration & dosage KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Diet KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67240180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometals+%3A+an+international+journal+on+the+role+of+metal+ions+in+biology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+medicine&rft.atitle=An+improved+understanding+of+soil+Cd+risk+to+humans+and+low+cost+methods+to+phytoextract+Cd+from+contaminated+soils+to+prevent+soil+Cd+risks.&rft.au=Chaney%2C+Rufus+L%3BReeves%2C+Philip+G%3BRyan%2C+James+A%3BSimmons%2C+Robert+W%3BWelch%2C+Ross+M%3BAngle%2C+J+Scott&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=Rufus&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometals+%3A+an+international+journal+on+the+role+of+metal+ions+in+biology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+medicine&rft.issn=09660844&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-10 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - One- and two-objective approaches to an area-constrained habitat reserve site selection problem AN - 18010801; 5978391 AB - We compare several ways to model a habitat reserve site selection problem in which an upper bound on the total area of the selected sites is included. The models are cast as optimization coverage models drawn from the location science literature. Classic covering problems typically include a constraint on the number of sites that can be selected. If potential reserve sites vary in terms of area, acquisition cost or land value, then sites need to be differentiated by these characteristics in the selection process. To address this within the optimization model, the constraint on the number of selected sites can either be replaced by one limiting the total area of the selected sites or area minimization can be incorporated as a second objective. We show that for our dataset and choice of optimization solver average solution time improves considerably when an area-constrained reserve site selection problem is modeled as a two objective rather than a single objective problem with a constraint limiting the total area of the selected sites. Computational experience is reported using a large dataset from Australia. JF - Biological Conservation AU - Snyder, S AU - ReVelle, C AU - Haight, R AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 565 EP - 574 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 119 IS - 4 SN - 0006-3207, 0006-3207 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Habitat availability KW - Nature reserves KW - Australia KW - Environment management KW - Models KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18010801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=One-+and+two-objective+approaches+to+an+area-constrained+habitat+reserve+site+selection+problem&rft.au=Snyder%2C+S%3BReVelle%2C+C%3BHaight%2C+R&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Conservation&rft.issn=00063207&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2004.01.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australia; Environment management; Habitat availability; Models; Nature reserves DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.01.018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat inactivation of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in egg products AN - 17793043; 6090747 AB - Avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) viruses are heat labile viruses, but exact parameters for heat inactivation at egg pasteurization temperatures have not been established. In this study we artificially infected four egg products with two AI (one low [LP] and one high pathogenicity [HP]) and three ND (two low and one highly virulent) viruses, and determined inactivation curves at 55, 57, 59, 61 and 63 degree C. Based on D sub(t) values, the time to inactivation of the viruses was dependent on virus strain and egg product, and was directly related to virus titre, but inversely related to temperature. For all temperatures, the five viruses had the most rapid and complete inactivation in 10% salt yolk, while the most resistant to inactivation was HPAI virus in dried egg white. This study demonstrated that the LPAI and all ND viruses were inactivated in all egg products when treated using industry standard pasteurization protocols. By contrast, the HPAI virus was inactivated in liquid egg products but not in dried egg whites when using the low-temperature industry pasteurization protocol. JF - Avian Pathology AU - Swayne, DE AU - Beck, J R AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture 934 College Station Road GA 30605 Athens, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 512 EP - 518 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0307-9457, 0307-9457 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Avian influenza virus KW - Newcastle disease KW - Yolk KW - Pathogenicity KW - Newcastle disease virus KW - Temperature effects KW - Pasteurization KW - Salts KW - Fowl plague KW - Albumen KW - Heat KW - Heat inactivation KW - V 22141:Diagnosis KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17793043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Pathology&rft.atitle=Heat+inactivation+of+avian+influenza+and+Newcastle+disease+viruses+in+egg+products&rft.au=Swayne%2C+DE%3BBeck%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Swayne&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Pathology&rft.issn=03079457&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Avian influenza virus; Newcastle disease virus; Temperature effects; Pasteurization; Albumen; Newcastle disease; Fowl plague; Heat inactivation; Heat; Salts; Yolk; Pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tetracycline Resistance in Chlamydia suis Mediated by Genomic Islands Inserted into the Chlamydial inv-Like Gene AN - 17734315; 6029695 AB - Many strains of Chlamydia suis, a pathogen of pigs, express a stable tetracycline resistance phenotype. We demonstrate that this resistance pattern is associated with a resistance gene, tet(C), in the chlamydial chromosome. Four related genomic islands were identified in seven tetracycline-resistant C. suis strains. All resistant isolates carry the structural gene tet(C) and the tetracycline repressor gene tetR(C). The islands share significant nucleotide sequence identity with resistance plasmids carried by a variety of different bacterial species. Three of the four tet(C) islands also carry a novel insertion sequence that is homologous to the IS605 family of insertion sequences. In each strain, the resistance gene and associated sequences are recombined into an identical position in a gene homologous to the inv gene of the yersiniae. These genomic islands represent the first examples of horizontally acquired DNA integrated into a natural isolate of chlamydiae or within any other obligate intracellular bacterium. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Dugan, Jae AU - Rockey, Daniel D AU - Jones, Loren AU - Andersen, Arthur A AD - Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agriculture Research Service, Ames, Iowa Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 3989 EP - 3995 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 48 IS - 10 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chlamydia suis KW - Chromosomes KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Tetracyclines KW - Insertion sequences KW - Plasmids KW - Repressors KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17734315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Tetracycline+Resistance+in+Chlamydia+suis+Mediated+by+Genomic+Islands+Inserted+into+the+Chlamydial+inv-Like+Gene&rft.au=Dugan%2C+Jae%3BRockey%2C+Daniel+D%3BJones%2C+Loren%3BAndersen%2C+Arthur+A&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=Jae&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chromosomes; Nucleotide sequence; Plasmids; Insertion sequences; Tetracyclines; Repressors; Antibiotic resistance; Antimicrobial agents; Chlamydia suis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Avian Influenza on U.S. Poultry Trade Relations-2002: H5 or H7 Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza AN - 17486004; 6116682 AB - Avian influenza (AI) viruses are Type A influenza viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family. There are 15 subtypes of the virus widespread in migratory waterfowl throughout the world. It has become increasingly evident that some low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5 or H7 viruses have the capacity to mutate into the more virulent strains that cause extensive economic losses and high mortality. Recent AI disease outbreaks in several countries have increased attention and concern over low pathogenic H5 and H7 AI viruses. This heightened international concern increases the risk of unnecessary trade bans. For the US poultry industry, avian influenza continues to be a challenge to the flow of trade. On one hand, there is the increased focus of world attention on the H5 and H7 low pathogenic AI virus and the possibility of mutation. On the other hand, there are the factors contributing to our finding of infected flocks. Among these, perhaps the most important is the ever-present reservoir of virus in the migratory waterfowl population. With the discovery of exposed flocks comes the threat of trade bans. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Hall, Cheryl AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Riverdale, Maryland Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 47 EP - 53 PB - The New York Academy of Sciences VL - 1026 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Poultry KW - USA KW - International trade KW - Avian influenza virus KW - Viruses KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17486004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Avian+Influenza+on+U.S.+Poultry+Trade+Relations-2002%3A+H5+or+H7+Low+Pathogenic+Avian+Influenza&rft.au=Hall%2C+Cheryl&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=1026&rft.issue=&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Avian influenza virus; USA; International trade; Poultry; Viruses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Animal Health Organizations: Roles to Mitigate the Impact of Ecologic Change on Animal Health in the Tropics AN - 17301298; 6116673 AB - Production of livestock across North and South America is extensive. The opportunities for production, commerce, and thriving economies related to animal agriculture are balanced against the devastating threats of disease. Commitment by livestock and poultry producers in exporting countries to production methods, herd health management, and biosecurity in their operations must be coupled with an animal health and marketing infrastructure that allows the industries to thrive and offers assurances to trading partners that their livestock industries will not be jeopardized. National and international animal health organizations play a key role in providing this infrastructure to the industries that they serve. The incentive for the successful World agricultural production economies to provide direction and support for improving animal health and conveying principles for competitive and safe production to lesser developed nations is the assurance that the expanding economies of these nations offer an eager and hungry market for the products of the other industries of an export-dependent economy. The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established after the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO provides the permanent international multilateral institutional framework for implementing dispute resolution agreements and the agreement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. The SPS agreements allow for the protection of animal and plant health. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Acord, Bobby R AU - Walton, Thomas E AD - Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 32 EP - 40 PB - The New York Academy of Sciences VL - 1026 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17301298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Animal+Health+Organizations%3A+Roles+to+Mitigate+the+Impact+of+Ecologic+Change+on+Animal+Health+in+the+Tropics&rft.au=Acord%2C+Bobby+R%3BWalton%2C+Thomas+E&rft.aulast=Acord&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=1026&rft.issue=&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age at natural menopause and exposure to organochlorine pesticides in Hispanic women. AN - 66880576; 15371229 AB - A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between exposure to selected organochlorine pesticides (OCP) (p,p'-DDT, p',p'-DDE, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane [beta-HCH], oxychlordane, trans' nonachlor) and age at natural menopause in a sample of 219 menopausal women participating in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1982-1984. Information on age at menopause, reproductive history, demographic variables, and potential confounding variables was collected via interview. Analysis of variance was employed to compare adjusted mean age at natural menopause among women by category of serum OCP level. Serum levels of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, beta-HCH, and trans-nonachlor were associated with a younger age at menopause. In particular, women with exposure levels in the highest exposure categories (serum p,p'-DDT > or = 6ppb, beta-HCH > or = 4ppb, or trans-nonachlor > or = 2ppb) had an adjusted mean age at menopause on average 5.7, 3.4, and 5.2 yr earlier, respectively, than women with serum levels of these pesticides below the detection limit. Women with serum p,p'-DDE levels greater than 23.6 ppb (highest quintile) had an adjusted mean age at menopause 1.7 yr earlier than women with serump,p'-DDE levels less than 5.5 ppb (lowest quintile). However, no consistent dose-response effect was apparent across low, medium, and high exposure categories. Interactions were detected for p,p'-DDT in combination with beta-HCH, trans-nonachlor, or oxychlordane, as well as beta-HCH in combination with oxychlordane. Copyright Taylor & Francis Inc. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Akkina, Judy AU - Reif, John AU - Keefe, Thomas AU - Bachand, Annette AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526-8117, USA. judy.e.akkina@usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 24 SP - 1407 EP - 1422 VL - 67 IS - 18 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Chlordan KW - 12789-03-6 KW - oxychlordane KW - 27304-13-8 KW - nonachlor KW - 3734-49-4 KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene KW - 4M7FS82U08 KW - Hexachlorobenzene KW - 4Z87H0LKUY KW - Lindane KW - 59NEE7PCAB KW - DDT KW - CIW5S16655 KW - Dieldrin KW - I0246D2ZS0 KW - beta-hexachlorocyclohexane KW - YM80ODM9PD KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Age Factors KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Drug Interactions KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- blood KW - Reproductive History KW - Dieldrin -- blood KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- blood KW - Life Style KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Hexachlorobenzene -- blood KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - DDT -- blood KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Lindane -- blood KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Chlordan -- analogs & derivatives KW - Women KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Hispanic Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Menopause -- blood KW - Menopause -- drug effects KW - Menopause -- ethnology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Hispanic Americans -- ethnology KW - Chlordan -- blood KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Insecticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66880576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Age+at+natural+menopause+and+exposure+to+organochlorine+pesticides+in+Hispanic+women.&rft.au=Akkina%2C+Judy%3BReif%2C+John%3BKeefe%2C+Thomas%3BBachand%2C+Annette&rft.aulast=Akkina&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=1407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Short term sediment impact from road obliteration operations AN - 40026604; 3884793 AU - Yanosek, K AU - Foltz, R B AU - Wanosek, KA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40026604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Short+term+sediment+impact+from+road+obliteration+operations&rft.au=Yanosek%2C+K%3BFoltz%2C+R+B%3BWanosek%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Yanosek&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mapping shrub encroachment from 1936-2003 in the Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico AN - 40025052; 3872331 AU - Laliberte, A S AU - Rango, A Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40025052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mapping+shrub+encroachment+from+1936-2003+in+the+Jornada+Basin+of+southern+New+Mexico&rft.au=Laliberte%2C+A+S%3BRango%2C+A&rft.aulast=Laliberte&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Direct measurement of individual tree characteristics from lidar data AN - 40024326; 3868684 AU - McGaughey, R J AU - Carson, W W AU - Andersen, H-E AU - Reutebuch, SE Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40024326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Direct+measurement+of+individual+tree+characteristics+from+lidar+data&rft.au=McGaughey%2C+R+J%3BCarson%2C+W+W%3BAndersen%2C+H-E%3BReutebuch%2C+SE&rft.aulast=McGaughey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Citrus tree counting using very high resolution spaceborne imagery AN - 40014776; 3867483 AU - Mueller, R AU - Boryan, C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40014776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Citrus+tree+counting+using+very+high+resolution+spaceborne+imagery&rft.au=Mueller%2C+R%3BBoryan%2C+C&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New technology for performing time and motion studies in forestry application AN - 40013158; 3883037 AU - Thompson, J D AU - Rummer, B Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40013158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+technology+for+performing+time+and+motion+studies+in+forestry+application&rft.au=Thompson%2C+J+D%3BRummer%2C+B&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of two methods for identifying sensitive parameters in gleams model AN - 40000847; 3879065 AU - Chinkuyu, A J AU - van Griensven, A AU - Meixner, T AU - Gish, T Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40000847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+two+methods+for+identifying+sensitive+parameters+in+gleams+model&rft.au=Chinkuyu%2C+A+J%3Bvan+Griensven%2C+A%3BMeixner%2C+T%3BGish%2C+T&rft.aulast=Chinkuyu&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Generating machinery management data AN - 39999240; 3881011 AU - Rotz, CA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39999240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Generating+machinery+management+data&rft.au=Rotz%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Rotz&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluating the design and management of waste storage ponds, Part II AN - 39998980; 3880478 AU - Moffitt, D AU - Wilson, B Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39998980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+design+and+management+of+waste+storage+ponds%2C+Part+II&rft.au=Moffitt%2C+D%3BWilson%2C+B&rft.aulast=Moffitt&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cotton irrigation scheduling evaluation using FAO-56 with remotely-sensed basal crop coefficients AN - 39960106; 3879243 AU - Hunsaker, D J AU - Pinter, PJ Jr AU - Fitzgerald, G J AU - Clarke, T R AU - Barnes, E M AU - Kimball, BA AU - Silvertooth, J C AU - Hagler, J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39960106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cotton+irrigation+scheduling+evaluation+using+FAO-56+with+remotely-sensed+basal+crop+coefficients&rft.au=Hunsaker%2C+D+J%3BPinter%2C+PJ+Jr%3BFitzgerald%2C+G+J%3BClarke%2C+T+R%3BBarnes%2C+E+M%3BKimball%2C+BA%3BSilvertooth%2C+J+C%3BHagler%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hunsaker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using quickbird satellite imagery for cotton yield estimation AN - 39958035; 3885738 AU - Yang, C AU - Everitt, J H AU - Bradford, J M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39958035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+quickbird+satellite+imagery+for+cotton+yield+estimation&rft.au=Yang%2C+C%3BEveritt%2C+J+H%3BBradford%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Survey of current seed-cotton and lint-cleaning practices in united states roller ginning plants AN - 39957805; 3885231 AU - Whitelock, D P Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39957805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Survey+of+current+seed-cotton+and+lint-cleaning+practices+in+united+states+roller+ginning+plants&rft.au=Whitelock%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Whitelock&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reflectance estimation of surface and subsurface soil properties AN - 39956610; 3884234 AU - Sudduth, KA AU - Hummel, J W AU - Drummond, ST Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39956610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reflectance+estimation+of+surface+and+subsurface+soil+properties&rft.au=Sudduth%2C+KA%3BHummel%2C+J+W%3BDrummond%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Sudduth&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relationship of field burn severity measures to satellite-derived burned area reflectance classification (BARC) maps AN - 39955965; 3875046 AU - Hudak, A AU - Morgan, P AU - Robichaud, P AU - Gessler, P AU - Jain, T Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39955965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+field+burn+severity+measures+to+satellite-derived+burned+area+reflectance+classification+%28BARC%29+maps&rft.au=Hudak%2C+A%3BMorgan%2C+P%3BRobichaud%2C+P%3BGessler%2C+P%3BJain%2C+T&rft.aulast=Hudak&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sorption, mobility, and fate of 1,4,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in soils AN - 39955583; 3884939 AU - Larsen, G AU - Fan, Z AU - Casey, F AU - Hakk, H Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39955583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sorption%2C+mobility%2C+and+fate+of+1%2C4%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+in+soils&rft.au=Larsen%2C+G%3BFan%2C+Z%3BCasey%2C+F%3BHakk%2C+H&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Yard waste compost to enhance soil water holding capacity AN - 39949319; 3885976 AU - Malone, R W AU - Meade, T AU - Folden, M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39949319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Yard+waste+compost+to+enhance+soil+water+holding+capacity&rft.au=Malone%2C+R+W%3BMeade%2C+T%3BFolden%2C+M&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Seasonal particulate emission from a New Mexico gin plant AN - 39947580; 3884670 AU - Armijo, C B AU - Sidney, E Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39947580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Seasonal+particulate+emission+from+a+New+Mexico+gin+plant&rft.au=Armijo%2C+C+B%3BSidney%2C+E&rft.aulast=Armijo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using time domain reflectometry for evaluating near-surface soil-crop dynamics of an animal waste amended soil AN - 39947508; 3885747 AU - Woodbury, B L AU - Eigenberg, R A AU - Nienaber, JA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39947508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+time+domain+reflectometry+for+evaluating+near-surface+soil-crop+dynamics+of+an+animal+waste+amended+soil&rft.au=Woodbury%2C+B+L%3BEigenberg%2C+R+A%3BNienaber%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Woodbury&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Surface impoundment effectiveness for fecal bacteria and nutrient mitigation AN - 39947169; 3885207 AU - Daniel, JA AU - Elmendorf, D L AU - Maddox, S M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39947169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Surface+impoundment+effectiveness+for+fecal+bacteria+and+nutrient+mitigation&rft.au=Daniel%2C+JA%3BElmendorf%2C+D+L%3BMaddox%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sediment control and erosion research: Then and now AN - 39945911; 3884691 AU - Britton, S L AU - Temple, D AU - Hansen, G Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39945911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sediment+control+and+erosion+research%3A+Then+and+now&rft.au=Britton%2C+S+L%3BTemple%2C+D%3BHansen%2C+G&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - MODIS imagery: A new information resource for the forest service AN - 39945875; 3872851 AU - Lannom, K AU - Quayle, B Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39945875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=MODIS+imagery%3A+A+new+information+resource+for+the+forest+service&rft.au=Lannom%2C+K%3BQuayle%2C+B&rft.aulast=Lannom&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rehabilitation of twin parks #8 AN - 39945693; 3884267 AU - Mueller, S Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39945693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rehabilitation+of+twin+parks+%238&rft.au=Mueller%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of stack testing and boundary line testing for emissions from a cotton gin AN - 39944706; 3879052 AU - Baker, K D AU - Hughs, E AU - Isom, R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39944706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+stack+testing+and+boundary+line+testing+for+emissions+from+a+cotton+gin&rft.au=Baker%2C+K+D%3BHughs%2C+E%3BIsom%2C+R&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of free drainage, controlled drainage, and subirrigation water management practices in an Ohio lakebed soil AN - 39944658; 3879027 AU - Fausey, N R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39944658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+free+drainage%2C+controlled+drainage%2C+and+subirrigation+water+management+practices+in+an+Ohio+lakebed+soil&rft.au=Fausey%2C+N+R&rft.aulast=Fausey&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Application of multispectral imaging for differentation of wholesome and septicemia chicken AN - 39944271; 3878087 AU - Yang, C-C AU - Chao, K AU - Chen, Y R AU - Kim Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39944271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Application+of+multispectral+imaging+for+differentation+of+wholesome+and+septicemia+chicken&rft.au=Yang%2C+C-C%3BChao%2C+K%3BChen%2C+Y+R%3BKim&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=C-C&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling evapotranspiration and soilwater balance using the everglades agro hydrology AN - 39943762; 3882636 AU - Savabi, M R AU - Ikiz, J AU - Cookshut, N AU - German, E Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39943762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+evapotranspiration+and+soilwater+balance+using+the+everglades+agro+hydrology&rft.au=Savabi%2C+M+R%3BIkiz%2C+J%3BCookshut%2C+N%3BGerman%2C+E&rft.aulast=Savabi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hydrologic impact of strip-tillage on a coastal plain soil AN - 39943728; 3881371 AU - Bosch, D D AU - Truman, C AU - Potter, T AU - Bednarz, C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39943728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+impact+of+strip-tillage+on+a+coastal+plain+soil&rft.au=Bosch%2C+D+D%3BTruman%2C+C%3BPotter%2C+T%3BBednarz%2C+C&rft.aulast=Bosch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Overview of hydrologic studies at center for forested wetlands research, USDA forest service AN - 39942519; 3883363 AU - Amatya, D M AU - Trettin, C C AU - Skaggs, R W AU - Callahan, T J AU - Burke, M K AU - Sun, G AU - Miwa, M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39942519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Overview+of+hydrologic+studies+at+center+for+forested+wetlands+research%2C+USDA+forest+service&rft.au=Amatya%2C+D+M%3BTrettin%2C+C+C%3BSkaggs%2C+R+W%3BCallahan%2C+T+J%3BBurke%2C+M+K%3BSun%2C+G%3BMiwa%2C+M&rft.aulast=Amatya&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of harmonic radar transponders to track black vine weevil behavior in nurseries AN - 39941824; 3879592 AU - Zhu, H AU - Brazee, R D AU - Miller, E S AU - Reading, M AU - Klein, M G AU - Nudd, B Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39941824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+harmonic+radar+transponders+to+track+black+vine+weevil+behavior+in+nurseries&rft.au=Zhu%2C+H%3BBrazee%2C+R+D%3BMiller%2C+E+S%3BReading%2C+M%3BKlein%2C+M+G%3BNudd%2C+B&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Complete center pivot automation using the temperature-time threshold method of irrigation scheduling AN - 39939122; 3879083 AU - Peters, R T AU - Evett Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39939122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Complete+center+pivot+automation+using+the+temperature-time+threshold+method+of+irrigation+scheduling&rft.au=Peters%2C+R+T%3BEvett&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Breach widening observations from earthen embankment tests AN - 39938947; 3878518 AU - Britton, S L AU - Hanson, G J AU - Cook, K R AU - Kadavy, K C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39938947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Breach+widening+observations+from+earthen+embankment+tests&rft.au=Britton%2C+S+L%3BHanson%2C+G+J%3BCook%2C+K+R%3BKadavy%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluating spatial variability of tillage operations in a loblolly pine stand AN - 39937257; 3880477 AU - Carter, E A Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39937257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluating+spatial+variability+of+tillage+operations+in+a+loblolly+pine+stand&rft.au=Carter%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Packing practice effects on density in bunker silos AN - 39931719; 3883379 AU - Muck, R E AU - Holmes, B J AU - Savoie, P Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39931719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Packing+practice+effects+on+density+in+bunker+silos&rft.au=Muck%2C+R+E%3BHolmes%2C+B+J%3BSavoie%2C+P&rft.aulast=Muck&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bag silo densities and losses AN - 39921738; 3878345 AU - Muck, R E AU - Holmes, B J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39921738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bag+silo+densities+and+losses&rft.au=Muck%2C+R+E%3BHolmes%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Muck&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Is microbial metabolism the controlling factor of ecosystem soil carbon storage? AN - 39921205; 3881956 AU - Smith, J L AU - Bailey, V L AU - Bolton, H Jr Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39921205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Is+microbial+metabolism+the+controlling+factor+of+ecosystem+soil+carbon+storage%3F&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L%3BBailey%2C+V+L%3BBolton%2C+H+Jr&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kenes International, 17 Rue du Cendrier, P.O. Box 1726, CH-1211, Geneva 1, Switzerland; email: isme@kenes.com; URL: www.kenes.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spray drift and deposition under varying atmospheric stability conditions AN - 39921120; 3885014 AU - Fritz, B K Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39921120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spray+drift+and+deposition+under+varying+atmospheric+stability+conditions&rft.au=Fritz%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Fritz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hyperspectral imaging and visible/near infrared spectroscopy classification for detecting contaminants on poultry carcasses AN - 39920696; 3881383 AU - Lawrence, K C AU - Windham, W R AU - Park, B AU - Smith, D P Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39920696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hyperspectral+imaging+and+visible%2Fnear+infrared+spectroscopy+classification+for+detecting+contaminants+on+poultry+carcasses&rft.au=Lawrence%2C+K+C%3BWindham%2C+W+R%3BPark%2C+B%3BSmith%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hyperspectral imagery classification methods for contaminant identification on broiler carcasses AN - 39920655; 3881382 AU - Park, B AU - Windham, W R AU - Lawrence, K C AU - Smith, D P Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39920655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hyperspectral+imagery+classification+methods+for+contaminant+identification+on+broiler+carcasses&rft.au=Park%2C+B%3BWindham%2C+W+R%3BLawrence%2C+K+C%3BSmith%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of an on-the-go soil strength profile sensor using soil bin and field data AN - 39920029; 3880488 AU - Sudduth, KA AU - Chung, SO AU - Plouffe, C AU - Kitchen, N R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39920029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+an+on-the-go+soil+strength+profile+sensor+using+soil+bin+and+field+data&rft.au=Sudduth%2C+KA%3BChung%2C+SO%3BPlouffe%2C+C%3BKitchen%2C+N+R&rft.aulast=Sudduth&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effectiveness of sugarcane residue and polyacrylamide (PAM) in reducing soil erosion from quarter-drains under southern Louisiana weather conditions AN - 39919134; 3880135 AU - Kornecki, T S AU - Grigg, B C AU - Fouss, J L AU - Southwick, L M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39919134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+sugarcane+residue+and+polyacrylamide+%28PAM%29+in+reducing+soil+erosion+from+quarter-drains+under+southern+Louisiana+weather+conditions&rft.au=Kornecki%2C+T+S%3BGrigg%2C+B+C%3BFouss%2C+J+L%3BSouthwick%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Kornecki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of filter fabric barriers for the establishment of grassed waterways AN - 39918604; 3885663 AU - Romocki, R E Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39918604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+filter+fabric+barriers+for+the+establishment+of+grassed+waterways&rft.au=Romocki%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Romocki&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of a neural network for translation of cotton fiber properties from an automated sampling system AN - 39918560; 3885651 AU - Sassenrath, G F AU - Williford, J R AU - To, F AU - Boggess, JE AU - Bi, X Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39918560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+neural+network+for+translation+of+cotton+fiber+properties+from+an+automated+sampling+system&rft.au=Sassenrath%2C+G+F%3BWilliford%2C+J+R%3BTo%2C+F%3BBoggess%2C+JE%3BBi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Sassenrath&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spray envelope from an agricultural aircraft AN - 39917622; 3885015 AU - Hoffmann, W C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39917622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spray+envelope+from+an+agricultural+aircraft&rft.au=Hoffmann%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Safety inspection of cantaloupes and strawberries using multispectral imaging techniques AN - 39917454; 3884609 AU - Vargas, A M AU - Tao, Y AU - Kim, M AU - Lefcourt, A M AU - Chen, Y-R AU - Kelly, J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39917454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Safety+inspection+of+cantaloupes+and+strawberries+using+multispectral+imaging+techniques&rft.au=Vargas%2C+A+M%3BTao%2C+Y%3BKim%2C+M%3BLefcourt%2C+A+M%3BChen%2C+Y-R%3BKelly%2C+J&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Quality and safety characteristics of infrared dried onion products AN - 39917379; 3884067 AU - Pan, Z AU - Gabel, M AU - Amaratunga, KSP Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39917379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Quality+and+safety+characteristics+of+infrared+dried+onion+products&rft.au=Pan%2C+Z%3BGabel%2C+M%3BAmaratunga%2C+KSP&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Binding of 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100) and/or its metabolites to mammalian biliary carrier proteins AN - 39916983; 3878386 AU - Larsen, G AU - Huwe, J AU - Low, M AU - Rutherford, D AU - Hakk, H Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39916983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Binding+of+2%2C2%27%2C4%2C4%27%2C6-pentabromodiphenyl+ether+%28BDE-100%29+and%2For+its+metabolites+to+mammalian+biliary+carrier+proteins&rft.au=Larsen%2C+G%3BHuwe%2C+J%3BLow%2C+M%3BRutherford%2C+D%3BHakk%2C+H&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Restoration of the Rose River AN - 39915165; 3884408 AU - Ketchem, A J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39915165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Restoration+of+the+Rose+River&rft.au=Ketchem%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Ketchem&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of shallow hydrologic conditions on electromagnetic induction measurement of electrical conductivity in a fine-grained soil AN - 39914826; 3881530 AU - Allred, B J AU - Ehsani, M R AU - Saraswat, D Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39914826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+shallow+hydrologic+conditions+on+electromagnetic+induction+measurement+of+electrical+conductivity+in+a+fine-grained+soil&rft.au=Allred%2C+B+J%3BEhsani%2C+M+R%3BSaraswat%2C+D&rft.aulast=Allred&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Golf course applications of ground penetrating radar AN - 39914624; 3881152 AU - Allred, B Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39914624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Golf+course+applications+of+ground+penetrating+radar&rft.au=Allred%2C+B&rft.aulast=Allred&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using refractive index to improve sunflower oil measurements using nuclear magnetic resonance AN - 39913554; 3885740 AU - Wishna, S Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39913554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+refractive+index+to+improve+sunflower+oil+measurements+using+nuclear+magnetic+resonance&rft.au=Wishna%2C+S&rft.aulast=Wishna&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Transient microwave dielectric properties of wheat with respect to moisture diffusion AN - 39913417; 3885488 AU - Trabelsi, S AU - Nelson, SO Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39913417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Transient+microwave+dielectric+properties+of+wheat+with+respect+to+moisture+diffusion&rft.au=Trabelsi%2C+S%3BNelson%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Trabelsi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detection of fissures in unshelled rice by imaging with a 532 NM laser AN - 39912074; 3879441 AU - Haff, R P Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39912074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Detection+of+fissures+in+unshelled+rice+by+imaging+with+a+532+NM+laser&rft.au=Haff%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Haff&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Crop coefficients for corn, southern high plains AN - 39911914; 3879264 AU - Howell, T A AU - Evett AU - Tolk, JA AU - Copeland, K S AU - Dusek, DA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39911914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Crop+coefficients+for+corn%2C+southern+high+plains&rft.au=Howell%2C+T+A%3BEvett%3BTolk%2C+JA%3BCopeland%2C+K+S%3BDusek%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Survey of PCDD/Fs and co-planar PCBs in the US meat and poultry supply in 2002-2003 AN - 39910898; 3885236 AU - Huwe, J AU - Hoffman, M K AU - Deyrup, C AU - Hulebak, K AU - Larsen, G AU - Zaylskie, R AU - Lorentzsen, M AU - Clinch, N Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39910898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Survey+of+PCDD%2FFs+and+co-planar+PCBs+in+the+US+meat+and+poultry+supply+in+2002-2003&rft.au=Huwe%2C+J%3BHoffman%2C+M+K%3BDeyrup%2C+C%3BHulebak%2C+K%3BLarsen%2C+G%3BZaylskie%2C+R%3BLorentzsen%2C+M%3BClinch%2C+N&rft.aulast=Huwe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Determination of the spatial variability of cotton fiber quality and yield AN - 39910137; 3868494 AU - Sassenrath, G F AU - Pringle, H C AU - Adams, E R AU - Williford, J R AU - To, F Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39910137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+spatial+variability+of+cotton+fiber+quality+and+yield&rft.au=Sassenrath%2C+G+F%3BPringle%2C+H+C%3BAdams%2C+E+R%3BWilliford%2C+J+R%3BTo%2C+F&rft.aulast=Sassenrath&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Australian feedlot cattle response to shade and no-shade AN - 39909348; 3878248 AU - Eigenberg, R A Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39909348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Australian+feedlot+cattle+response+to+shade+and+no-shade&rft.au=Eigenberg%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Eigenberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Aerial methods for increasing spray deposits on wheat heads AN - 39909179; 3877860 AU - Kirk, I W AU - Fritz, B K AU - Hoffmann, W C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39909179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Aerial+methods+for+increasing+spray+deposits+on+wheat+heads&rft.au=Kirk%2C+I+W%3BFritz%2C+B+K%3BHoffmann%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - 2003 thermal defoliation AN - 39907590; 3877725 AU - Funk, P A Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39907590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=2003+thermal+defoliation&rft.au=Funk%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Funk&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Horizontal alignment of driplines relative to beds in SDI: Effects on cotton growth and yield AN - 39907221; 3881306 AU - Wanjura, DE AU - McMichael, B L AU - Upchurch Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39907221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Horizontal+alignment+of+driplines+relative+to+beds+in+SDI%3A+Effects+on+cotton+growth+and+yield&rft.au=Wanjura%2C+DE%3BMcMichael%2C+B+L%3BUpchurch&rft.aulast=Wanjura&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nondestructive sensing of bulk density and moisture content in unschelled and shelled peanuts from microwave permittivity measurements AN - 39906205; 3883098 AU - Trabelsi, S AU - Nelson, SO Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39906205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nondestructive+sensing+of+bulk+density+and+moisture+content+in+unschelled+and+shelled+peanuts+from+microwave+permittivity+measurements&rft.au=Trabelsi%2C+S%3BNelson%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Trabelsi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dielectric properties and density relationships for granular materials AN - 39906122; 3879662 AU - Nelson, SO Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39906122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dielectric+properties+and+density+relationships+for+granular+materials&rft.au=Nelson%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=SO&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dielectric spectroscopy of fresh fruit and vegetable tissues AN - 39905534; 3879663 AU - Nelson, SO Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39905534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dielectric+spectroscopy+of+fresh+fruit+and+vegetable+tissues&rft.au=Nelson%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=SO&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Measuring low rates of erosion from forest fuel reduction operations AN - 39903294; 3882360 AU - Elliot, W J AU - Miller, I S Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39903294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Measuring+low+rates+of+erosion+from+forest+fuel+reduction+operations&rft.au=Elliot%2C+W+J%3BMiller%2C+I+S&rft.aulast=Elliot&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Automated mapping of Argentina's zona nucleo using multi-temporal imagery AN - 39901949; 3866885 AU - Tetrault, R AU - Muckenhoupt, J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39901949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Automated+mapping+of+Argentina%27s+zona+nucleo+using+multi-temporal+imagery&rft.au=Tetrault%2C+R%3BMuckenhoupt%2C+J&rft.aulast=Tetrault&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nutrient enrichment effects on the structure and function of attached and free-living aquifer bacterial communities AN - 39900710; 3883161 AU - Lehman, R M AU - McLing, T L Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39900710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nutrient+enrichment+effects+on+the+structure+and+function+of+attached+and+free-living+aquifer+bacterial+communities&rft.au=Lehman%2C+R+M%3BMcLing%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Lehman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kenes International, 17 Rue du Cendrier, P.O. Box 1726, CH-1211, Geneva 1, Switzerland; email: isme@kenes.com; URL: www.kenes.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detection of sulfate reducing bacteria in stored swine manure using quantitative, real-time PCR analysis AN - 39881662; 3879451 AU - Cook, K L AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Cotta, MA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39881662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Detection+of+sulfate+reducing+bacteria+in+stored+swine+manure+using+quantitative%2C+real-time+PCR+analysis&rft.au=Cook%2C+K+L%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R%3BCotta%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kenes International, 17 Rue du Cendrier, P.O. Box 1726, CH-1211, Geneva 1, Switzerland; email: isme@kenes.com; URL: www.kenes.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Considerations for installation of hydrologic monitoring equipment AN - 39868876; 3879173 AU - Zwierschke, EL AU - King, K W AU - Fausey, N R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39868876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Considerations+for+installation+of+hydrologic+monitoring+equipment&rft.au=Zwierschke%2C+EL%3BKing%2C+K+W%3BFausey%2C+N+R&rft.aulast=Zwierschke&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Conservation tillage effects on sediment and phosphorus losses from a furrow irrigated field AN - 39868837; 3879171 AU - Bjorneberg, D AU - Aase, J K AU - Westermann, D T Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39868837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Conservation+tillage+effects+on+sediment+and+phosphorus+losses+from+a+furrow+irrigated+field&rft.au=Bjorneberg%2C+D%3BAase%2C+J+K%3BWestermann%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Bjorneberg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Turf and forage subsurface drip irrigation using recycled water AN - 39866311; 3885549 AU - Stone, K C AU - Hunt, P G Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39866311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Turf+and+forage+subsurface+drip+irrigation+using+recycled+water&rft.au=Stone%2C+K+C%3BHunt%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Edge-of field and watershed scale water quality for new poultry utter application sites AN - 39865921; 3880002 AU - Harmel, R D AU - Torbert, HA AU - Haggard, B E AU - Haney, R AU - Dozier, M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39865921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Edge-of+field+and+watershed+scale+water+quality+for+new+poultry+utter+application+sites&rft.au=Harmel%2C+R+D%3BTorbert%2C+HA%3BHaggard%2C+B+E%3BHaney%2C+R%3BDozier%2C+M&rft.aulast=Harmel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sensor for detection of pits in dried plums AN - 39865175; 3884740 AU - Haft, R P AU - Jackson, E S Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39865175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sensor+for+detection+of+pits+in+dried+plums&rft.au=Haft%2C+R+P%3BJackson%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Haft&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reducing seed cotton losses from field cleaners AN - 39865057; 3884227 AU - Brashears, AD Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39865057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reducing+seed+cotton+losses+from+field+cleaners&rft.au=Brashears%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Brashears&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Potential economic implications of PM10 stack sampler errors for cotton gins AN - 39864254; 3883816 AU - Buser, MD AU - Holt, G AU - Parnell, C Jr AU - Shaw, B AU - Lacey, R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39864254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Potential+economic+implications+of+PM10+stack+sampler+errors+for+cotton+gins&rft.au=Buser%2C+MD%3BHolt%2C+G%3BParnell%2C+C+Jr%3BShaw%2C+B%3BLacey%2C+R&rft.aulast=Buser&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling wildfire probability using a GIS AN - 39863512; 3872746 AU - Davis, B AU - Miller, C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39863512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+wildfire+probability+using+a+GIS&rft.au=Davis%2C+B%3BMiller%2C+C&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Integration of image processing, GIS resources and auxiliary data for mapping land cover in tropical landscapes AN - 39863369; 3871515 AU - Martinuzzi, S AU - Gould, W AU - Ramos, O Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39863369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Integration+of+image+processing%2C+GIS+resources+and+auxiliary+data+for+mapping+land+cover+in+tropical+landscapes&rft.au=Martinuzzi%2C+S%3BGould%2C+W%3BRamos%2C+O&rft.aulast=Martinuzzi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of uniformity from a low-volume chemical application system AN - 39861897; 3880551 AU - Buchleiter, G AU - Farahani, HJ Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39861897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+uniformity+from+a+low-volume+chemical+application+system&rft.au=Buchleiter%2C+G%3BFarahani%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Buchleiter&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Design tool for rootwads in streambank restoration AN - 39860018; 3879413 AU - Wood, AD AU - Jarrett, A R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39860018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Design+tool+for+rootwads+in+streambank+restoration&rft.au=Wood%2C+AD%3BJarrett%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Design, installation and operation of sheet pile, in-lake sediment basins AN - 39859973; 3879404 AU - Book, T P AU - Beyer, D F Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39859973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Design%2C+installation+and+operation+of+sheet+pile%2C+in-lake+sediment+basins&rft.au=Book%2C+T+P%3BBeyer%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Book&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dam rehabilitation in the double creek watershed AN - 39859877; 3879313 AU - Bass, A G Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39859877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dam+rehabilitation+in+the+double+creek+watershed&rft.au=Bass%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Bass&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Science and technology exchanges between US and China AN - 39859599; 3884632 AU - Jen, J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39859599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Science+and+technology+exchanges+between+US+and+China&rft.au=Jen%2C+J&rft.aulast=Jen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Performance evaluation of low cost GPS and WAAS-corrected swathing systems on agricultural aircraft using precise position triggering AN - 39859233; 3883510 AU - Thomson, S J AU - Smith, LA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39859233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Performance+evaluation+of+low+cost+GPS+and+WAAS-corrected+swathing+systems+on+agricultural+aircraft+using+precise+position+triggering&rft.au=Thomson%2C+S+J%3BSmith%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Web-based GIS application of the WEPP model AN - 39857446; 3885892 AU - Flanagan, D C AU - Frankenberger, J R AU - Engel, BA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39857446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Web-based+GIS+application+of+the+WEPP+model&rft.au=Flanagan%2C+D+C%3BFrankenberger%2C+J+R%3BEngel%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hyperspectral scattering for assessing internal quality of peaches AN - 39856266; 3881385 AU - Lu, R AU - Peng, Y Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39856266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hyperspectral+scattering+for+assessing+internal+quality+of+peaches&rft.au=Lu%2C+R%3BPeng%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Frequency of strip-tillage required southeastern U.S. soils AN - 39855987; 3880889 AU - Raper, R L AU - Burmester, CH AU - Reeves, D W Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39855987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Frequency+of+strip-tillage+required+southeastern+U.S.+soils&rft.au=Raper%2C+R+L%3BBurmester%2C+CH%3BReeves%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Raper&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Optimization of a 116 saw powered roll gin stand based on fiber properties, turnout, and ginning rate AN - 39846895; 3883277 AU - Holt, G A AU - Laird, J W AU - Wadegaertner, T C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39846895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+a+116+saw+powered+roll+gin+stand+based+on+fiber+properties%2C+turnout%2C+and+ginning+rate&rft.au=Holt%2C+G+A%3BLaird%2C+J+W%3BWadegaertner%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Multispectral imaging system for real time sensing of apple fruit quality AN - 39846615; 3882897 AU - Lu, R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39846615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Multispectral+imaging+system+for+real+time+sensing+of+apple+fruit+quality&rft.au=Lu%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wireless local area networking for farm operations and farm management AN - 39825915; 3885955 AU - McKinion, J M AU - Willers, J L AU - Jenkins, J N Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39825915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wireless+local+area+networking+for+farm+operations+and+farm+management&rft.au=McKinion%2C+J+M%3BWillers%2C+J+L%3BJenkins%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=McKinion&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rehabilitation of plain honey structure AN - 39823776; 3884266 AU - Mueller, S Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39823776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rehabilitation+of+plain+honey+structure&rft.au=Mueller%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Quality of spindle-picked cotton AN - 39823695; 3884078 AU - Baker, K D AU - Hughs, E AU - McAlister, D AU - Mackey, J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39823695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Quality+of+spindle-picked+cotton&rft.au=Baker%2C+K+D%3BHughs%2C+E%3BMcAlister%2C+D%3BMackey%2C+J&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of spatial resolution on reducing uncertainty of forest inventory estimates using satellite image-based stratification layers AN - 39821796; 3869212 AU - Nelson, MD AU - McRoberts, R E Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39821796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+spatial+resolution+on+reducing+uncertainty+of+forest+inventory+estimates+using+satellite+image-based+stratification+layers&rft.au=Nelson%2C+MD%3BMcRoberts%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thermal imaging from agricultural aircraft for precision crop management AN - 39814756; 3876745 AU - Thomson, S J AU - Hanks, JE Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39814756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Thermal+imaging+from+agricultural+aircraft+for+precision+crop+management&rft.au=Thomson%2C+S+J%3BHanks%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New techniques for monitoring drip irrigation water use efficiency, runoff, and leachate in container nurseries AN - 39809796; 3883036 AU - Zhu, H AU - Krause, C R AU - Zondag, R AU - Shipitalo, M AU - Brazee, R D AU - Derksen, R C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39809796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+techniques+for+monitoring+drip+irrigation+water+use+efficiency%2C+runoff%2C+and+leachate+in+container+nurseries&rft.au=Zhu%2C+H%3BKrause%2C+C+R%3BZondag%2C+R%3BShipitalo%2C+M%3BBrazee%2C+R+D%3BDerksen%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Long term operation of a plug flow digester for a poultry operation AN - 39809219; 3882208 AU - Bogovich, WM AU - Brendle, M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39809219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Long+term+operation+of+a+plug+flow+digester+for+a+poultry+operation&rft.au=Bogovich%2C+WM%3BBrendle%2C+M&rft.aulast=Bogovich&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of regeneration on hydrology and water quality of a managed pine forest AN - 39804359; 3880205 AU - Amatya, D M AU - Skaggs, R W AU - Nettles, J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39804359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+regeneration+on+hydrology+and+water+quality+of+a+managed+pine+forest&rft.au=Amatya%2C+D+M%3BSkaggs%2C+R+W%3BNettles%2C+J&rft.aulast=Amatya&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characteristics of particleboard bound with rice bran based adhesive AN - 39791776; 3878689 AU - Pan, Z AU - Cathcart, A K Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39791776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+particleboard+bound+with+rice+bran+based+adhesive&rft.au=Pan%2C+Z%3BCathcart%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite measures in conservation biology research: considerations for application and interpretation AN - 19702506; 6144071 AB - Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite analyses are increasingly being used by a variety of scientists (e.g., conservation biologists, animal scientists) to examine glucocorticoid (i.e., stress hormone) secretion in domestic and wild vertebrates. Adrenocortical activity (i.e., stress response) is of interest to conservation biologists because stress can alter animal behavior, reduce resistance to disease, and affect population performance. The noninvasiveness of fecal-based assessments is attractive, particularly when studying endangered species, because samples can often be obtained without disturbing the animal. Despite such advantages, many confounding factors inhibit the utility of this technique in addressing conservation problems. In particular, interpretation of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) measures may be confounded by the length of time animals are held in captivity, normal seasonal and daily rhythms, body condition, sample storage and treatment techniques, diet of the animal, assay selection, animal status (i.e., social ranking, reproductive status), sample age and condition, and sample mass. Further complicating interpretation and utility of these measures is the apparent species-specific response to these factors. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors that confound interpretation of FGM measures, summarize research that addresses these issues, and offer an agenda for future research and interpretation. We urge conservation biologists to carefully consider confounding factors and the relationship between FGM secretion and population performance and biological costs when investigating effects of environmental and human-induced disturbances on wildlife. The crisis nature of many decisions in conservation biology often requires decisions from limited data; however, confirmatory results should not be posited when data are incomplete or confounding factors are not understood. Building reliable databases, and research with surrogate species when possible, will aid future efforts and enhance the utility of FGM assays. JF - General and Comparative Endocrinology AU - Millspaugh, J J AU - Washburn, B E AD - USDA, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA, millspaughj@missouri.edu Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 189 EP - 199 VL - 138 IS - 3 SN - 0016-6480, 0016-6480 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Age KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Wildlife KW - Stress KW - biologists KW - Metabolites KW - Hormones KW - Storage KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Endangered species KW - Conservation KW - Human factors KW - Seasonal variations KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19702506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=General+and+Comparative+Endocrinology&rft.atitle=Use+of+fecal+glucocorticoid+metabolite+measures+in+conservation+biology+research%3A+considerations+for+application+and+interpretation&rft.au=Millspaugh%2C+J+J%3BWashburn%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Millspaugh&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=General+and+Comparative+Endocrinology&rft.issn=00166480&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ygcen.2004.07.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Fecal coliforms; Age; Wildlife; biologists; Stress; Metabolites; Hormones; Storage; Sulfur dioxide; Conservation; Endangered species; Human factors; Seasonal variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.07.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Depletion rate of doramectin from blood serum of penned female white-tailed deer (Artiodactyla: Cervidae). AN - 67061899; 15535625 AB - Female white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), were held in small pens and administered doramectin by free choice of doramectin-coated whole kernel corn, Zea mays L., fed ad libitum with 19% protein deer pellets also being fed ad libitum in a separate container. The mean concentration of doramectin in the serum during treatment was 72.8 ppb. The mean doramectin concentration in the serum decreased to <2 ppb, the lower limit of detection by high-pressure liquid chromatography, by day 14 after termination of treatment after withdrawal of doramectin-treated corn from the diet. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Pound, J Mathews AU - Miller, J Allen AU - Oehler, Delbert D AD - USDA-ARS-Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028-9184, USA. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 942 EP - 945 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - doramectin KW - KGD7A54H5P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Zea mays KW - Metabolic Clearance Rate KW - Texas KW - Female KW - Ivermectin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Deer -- blood KW - Ivermectin -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ivermectin -- blood KW - Insecticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67061899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Depletion+rate+of+doramectin+from+blood+serum+of+penned+female+white-tailed+deer+%28Artiodactyla%3A+Cervidae%29.&rft.au=Pound%2C+J+Mathews%3BMiller%2C+J+Allen%3BOehler%2C+Delbert+D&rft.aulast=Pound&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deaths due to unknown foodborne agents. AN - 66996577; 15498153 AB - This study reviews the available evidence on unknown pathogenic agents transmitted in food and examines the methods that have been used to estimate that such agents cause 3,400 deaths per year in the United States. The estimate of deaths was derived from hospital discharge and death certificate data on deaths attributed to gastroenteritis of unknown cause. Fatal illnesses due to unknown foodborne agents do not always involve gastroenteritis, and gastroenteritis may not be accurately diagnosed or reported on hospital charts or death certificates. The death estimate consequently omitted deaths from unknown foodborne agents that do not cause gastroenteritis and likely overstated the number of deaths from agents that cause gastroenteritis. Although the number of deaths from unknown foodborne agents is uncertain, the possible economic cost of these deaths is so large that increased efforts to identify the causal agents are warranted. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Frenzen, Paul D AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20036, USA. pfrenzen@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 1536 EP - 1543 VL - 10 IS - 9 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Disease Notification -- standards KW - Gastroenteritis -- virology KW - Gastroenteritis -- diagnosis KW - Gastroenteritis -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Gastroenteritis -- mortality KW - Population Surveillance KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66996577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Deaths+due+to+unknown+foodborne+agents.&rft.au=Frenzen%2C+Paul+D&rft.aulast=Frenzen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1536&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2003 Sep 18;52(3):1-115 [14570230] Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Apr 15;38 Suppl 3:S190-7 [15095189] Med Care. 1981 Oct;19(10):1030-40 [7311635] JAMA. 1986 Jul 25;256(4):484-90 [3487659] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1991 May 10;40(18):303-5 [1902281] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1991 May 17;40(19):325-7 [1902548] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Sep 23;43(37):677, 683-4 [8078456] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995 Oct 6;44(39):724-7 [7565550] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995 Dec 8;44(48):892-3, 899-900 [7476846] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1996 Jan;9(1):1-17 [8665472] Am J Gastroenterol. 1998 May;93(5):852-3 [9625156] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998 Dec 25;47(50):1091-3 [9883771] Dig Dis. 1998 Sep-Oct;16(5):292-307 [9892789] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Mar 19;48(10):210-3 [10099022] Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1308-10 [10334977] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):607-25 [10511517] Mil Med. 1999 Dec;164(12):897-9 [10628165] Drug Saf. 2000 Jan;22(1):53-72 [10647976] J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Feb;38(2):547-51 [10655343] Am J Med. 2000 Aug 1;109(2):87-94 [10967148] Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Jan;96(1):126-31 [11197241] Arch Intern Med. 2001 Jan 22;161(2):277-84 [11176744] Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2001 May 18;49(2):1-32 [11381674] Rev Med Virol. 2001 Jul-Aug;11(4):243-52 [11479930] J Infect Dis. 2002 Jan 15;185(2):133-46 [11807686] N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 31;346(5):334-9 [11821511] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Feb;8(2):145-53 [11897065] J Infect Dis. 2003 Feb 1;187(3):441-52 [12552428] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An isolate of Aspergillus flavus used to reduce aflatoxin contamination in cottonseed has a defective polyketide synthase gene. AN - 66971384; 15235754 AB - Contamination of certain foods and feeds with the highly toxic and carcinogenic family of Aspergillus mycotoxins, the aflatoxins, can place a severe economic burden on farmers. As one strategy to reduce aflatoxin contamination, the non-aflatoxin-producing A. flavus isolate AF36 is currently being applied to agricultural fields to competitively exclude aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species. We now show that the polyketide synthase gene (pksA) required for aflatoxin biosynthesis in AF36, and in other members of the same vegetative compatibility group, possesses a nucleotide polymorphism near the beginning of the coding sequence. This nucleotide change introduces a premature stop codon into the coding sequence, thereby preventing enzyme production and aflatoxin accumulation. JF - Applied microbiology and biotechnology AU - Ehrlich, Kenneth C AU - Cotty, Peter J AD - Southern Regional Research Center/ARS/USDA, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. ehrlich@srrc.ars.usda.gov. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 473 EP - 478 VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Codon, Nonsense KW - Cottonseed Oil KW - DNA, Fungal KW - RNA, Fungal KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Polyketide Synthases KW - 79956-01-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - RNA, Fungal -- analysis KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Gene Expression KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Base Sequence KW - Food Contamination KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- chemistry KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Polyketide Synthases -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Aspergillus flavus -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66971384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=An+isolate+of+Aspergillus+flavus+used+to+reduce+aflatoxin+contamination+in+cottonseed+has+a+defective+polyketide+synthase+gene.&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+Kenneth+C%3BCotty%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of prechill fecal contamination on numbers of bacteria recovered from broiler chicken carcasses before and after immersion chilling. AN - 66924410; 15453571 AB - Paired carcass halves were used to test whether fecal contamination of skin during processing of broiler chickens can be detected by increased bacterial counts in samples taken before and after immersion chilling. In each of three trials, six freshly defeathered and eviscerated carcasses were cut in half, and a rectangle (3 by 5 cm) was marked with dots of ink on the breast skin of each half. One half of each pair was chosen randomly, and 0.1 g of freshly collected feces was spread over the rectangle with a spatula. After 10 min, both halves were sprayed with tap water for 10 to 15 s until feces could no longer be seen in the marked area. Both halves were sampled with a 1-min carcass rinse and were then put in a paddle chiller with other eviscerated carcasses for 45 min to simulate industrial immersion chilling. Immediately after chilling, each carcass half was subjected to another 1-min rinse, after which the skin within the rectangle was aseptically removed from the carcass halves and stomached. Rinses of fecally contaminated halves had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae immediately before chilling, but there were no differences in coliform and Escherichia coli counts. After chilling, there were no differences in Enterobacteriaceae, coliform, and E. coli counts in rinse or skin samples from the paired carcass halves. Correlations were generally poor between counts in rinse and skin samples but were significant between prechill and postchill rinses for both control and fecally contaminated halves. Correlations were also significant between counts in rinses of control and contaminated halves of the same carcass after chilling. Bacterial counts in postchill carcass rinses did not indicate that fecal contamination occurred before chilling. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Cason, J A AU - Berrang, M E AU - Buhr, R J AU - Cox, N A AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. jcason@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 1829 EP - 1833 VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Food Contamination KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Hygiene KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Cold Temperature UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66924410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+prechill+fecal+contamination+on+numbers+of+bacteria+recovered+from+broiler+chicken+carcasses+before+and+after+immersion+chilling.&rft.au=Cason%2C+J+A%3BBerrang%2C+M+E%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BCox%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Cason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of insecticides and defoliants applied alone and in combination for control of overwintering boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis; Coleoptera: Curculionidae)--laboratory and field studies. AN - 66901904; 15382499 AB - In laboratory, greenhouse and field tests, we determined the effects of combining full rates of the defoliants tribufos and thidiazuron and the herbicide thifensulfuron-methyl with half rates of the insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin or azinphos-methyl, and the combination of tribufos and thidiazuron, both in half rates, on mortality of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman and on the quality of defoliation. Tribufos, 0.47 kg ha(-1) and tribufos, 0.235 kg ha(-1) + thidiazuron, 0.125 kg ha(-1) exhibited a slightly toxic effect to boll weevil, while tribufos, 0.47 kg ha(-1) + lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.019 kg ha(-1), tribufos, 0.47 kg ha(-1) + azinphos-methyl, 0.14 kg ha(-1), and tribufos, 0.235 kg ha(-1) + thidiazuron, 0.125 kg ha(-1) + azinphos-methyl, 0.14 kg ha(-l), provided control of boll weevil as good as or better than full-rate azinphos-methyl or lambda-cyhalothrin alone owing to synergistic effects. Thidiazuron or thifensulfuron-methyl alone or in combination with insecticides did not affect boll weevil mortality. Treatment with tribufos + thidiazuron, both at half rate, significantly increased defoliation compared to full rates of tribufos or thidiazuron alone, and provided adequate defoliation for approximately the same cost per hectare. JF - Pest management science AU - Greenberg, Shoil M AU - Sappington, Thomas W AU - Elzen, Gary W AU - Norman, John W AU - Sparks, Alton N AD - USDA, ARS, Areawide Pest Management Research Unit, Weslaco, Texas 78596, USA. sgreenberg@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 849 EP - 858 VL - 60 IS - 9 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Defoliants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Nitriles KW - Organothiophosphates KW - Phenylurea Compounds KW - Pyrethrins KW - Sulfonylurea Compounds KW - Thiadiazoles KW - Thiophenes KW - thidiazuron KW - 0091WH7STF KW - Azinphosmethyl KW - 265842EWUV KW - thifensulfuron methyl KW - 5VFH25ES6F KW - butyl phosphorotrithioate KW - 78-48-8 KW - cyhalothrin KW - V0V73PEB8M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Laboratories -- statistics & numerical data KW - Age Factors KW - Pyrethrins -- toxicity KW - Thiophenes -- toxicity KW - Azinphosmethyl -- toxicity KW - Organothiophosphates -- toxicity KW - Thiadiazoles -- toxicity KW - Sulfonylurea Compounds -- toxicity KW - Agriculture -- statistics & numerical data KW - Phenylurea Compounds -- toxicity KW - Drug Synergism KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Defoliants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Gossypium -- parasitology KW - Beetles -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66901904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+insecticides+and+defoliants+applied+alone+and+in+combination+for+control+of+overwintering+boll+weevil+%28Anthonomus+grandis%3B+Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29--laboratory+and+field+studies.&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+Shoil+M%3BSappington%2C+Thomas+W%3BElzen%2C+Gary+W%3BNorman%2C+John+W%3BSparks%2C+Alton+N&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Shoil&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of poultry diet on phosphorus in runoff from soils amended with poultry manure and compost. AN - 66861399; 15356246 AB - Phosphorus in runoff from fields where poultry litter is surface-applied is an environmental concern. We investigated the effect of adding phytase and reducing supplemental P in poultry diets and composting poultry manures, with and without Fe and Al amendments, on P in manures, composts, and runoff. We used four diets: normal (no phytase) with 0.4% supplemental P, normal + phytase, phytase + 0.3% P, and phytase + 0.2% P. Adding phytase and decreasing supplemental P in diets reduced total P but increased water-extractable P in manure. Compared with manures, composting reduced both total P, due to dilution of manure with woodchips and straw, and water-extractable P, but beyond a dilution effect so that the ratio of water-extractable P to total P was less in compost than manure. Adding Fe and Al during composting did not consistently change total P or water-extractable P. Manures and composts were surface-applied to soil boxes at a rate of 50 kg total P ha(-1) and subjected to simulated rainfall, with runoff collected for 30 min. For manures, phytase and decreased P in diets had no significant effect on total P or molybdate-reactive P loads (kg ha(-1)) in runoff. Composting reduced total P and molybdate-reactive P loads in runoff, and adding Fe and Al to compost reduced total P but not molybdate-reactive P loads in runoff. Molybdate-reactive P in runoff (mg box(-1)) was well correlated to water-extractable P applied to boxes (mg box(-1)) in manures and composts. Therefore, the final environmental impact of dietary phytase will depend on the management of poultry diets, manure, and farm-scale P balances. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Vadas, P A AU - Meisinger, J J AU - Sikora, L J AU - McMurtry, J P AU - Sefton, A E AD - PSWMRU, Building 3702, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Peter.Vadas@ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1845 EP - 1854 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Manure KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Water Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - 6-Phytase KW - EC 3.1.3.26 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - 6-Phytase -- pharmacology KW - Water Movements KW - Refuse Disposal KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Animal Feed KW - Phosphorus -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66861399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Effect+of+poultry+diet+on+phosphorus+in+runoff+from+soils+amended+with+poultry+manure+and+compost.&rft.au=Vadas%2C+P+A%3BMeisinger%2C+J+J%3BSikora%2C+L+J%3BMcMurtry%2C+J+P%3BSefton%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Vadas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzyme activities and arylsulfatase protein content of dust and the soil source: biochemical fingerprints? AN - 66859267; 15356225 AB - Little is known about the potential of enzyme activities, which are sensitive to soil properties and management, for the characterization of dust properties. Enzyme activities may be among the dust properties key to identifying the soil source of dust. We generated dust (27 and 7 microm) under controlled laboratory conditions from agricultural soils (0-5 cm) with history of continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) or cotton rotated with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], rye (Secale cereale L.), or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different water management (irrigated or dryland) and tillage (conservation or conventional) systems. The 27- and 7-microm dust samples showed activities of beta-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulfatase, which are related to cellulose degradation and phosphorus and sulfur mineralization in soil, respectively. Dust samples generated from a loam and sandy clay loam showed higher enzyme activities compared with dust samples from a fine sandy loam. Enzyme activities of dust samples were significantly correlated to the activities of the soil source with r > 0.74 (P < 0.01). The arylsulfatase proteins contents of the soils (0.04-0.65 mg protein kg(-1) soil) were lower than values reported for soils from other regions, but still dust contained arylsulfatase protein. The three enzyme activities studied, as a group, separated the dust samples due to the crop rotation or tillage practice history of the soil source. The results indicated that the enzyme activities of dust will aid in providing better characterization of dust properties and expanding our understanding of soil and air quality impacts related to wind erosion. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Acosta-Martínez, V AU - Zobeck, T M AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory, 3810 Fourth Street, Lubbock, TX 79416, USA. vacostam@lbk.ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1653 EP - 1661 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Soil KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Arylsulfatases KW - EC 3.1.6.1 KW - beta-Glucosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Plants, Edible KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Wind KW - Soil Microbiology KW - beta-Glucosidase -- pharmacology KW - Arylsulfatases -- analysis KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- pharmacology KW - Arylsulfatases -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66859267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Enzyme+activities+and+arylsulfatase+protein+content+of+dust+and+the+soil+source%3A+biochemical+fingerprints%3F&rft.au=Acosta-Mart%C3%ADnez%2C+V%3BZobeck%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Acosta-Mart%C3%ADnez&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus in surface runoff from calcareous arable soils of the semiarid Western United States. AN - 66859199; 15356242 AB - Management strategies that minimize P transfer from agricultural land to water bodies are based on relationships between P concentrations in soil and runoff. This study evaluated such relationships for surface runoff generated by simulated sprinkler irrigation onto calcareous arable soils of the semiarid western United States. Irrigation was applied at 70 mm h(-1) to plots on four soils containing a wide range of extractable P concentrations. Two irrigation events were conducted on each plot, first onto dry soil and then after 24 h onto wet soil. Particulate P (>0.45 microm) was the dominant fraction in surface runoff from all soils and was strongly correlated with suspended sediment concentration. For individual soil types, filterable reactive P (<0.45 microm) concentrations were strongly correlated with all soil-test P methods, including environmental tests involving extraction with water (1:10 and 1:200 soil to solution ratio), 0.01 M CaCl(2), and iron strips. However, only the Olsen-P agronomic soil-test procedure gave models that were not significantly different among soils. Soil chemical differences, including lower CaCO(3) and water-extractable Ca, higher water-extractable Fe, and higher pH, appeared to account for differences in filterable reactive P concentrations in runoff from soils with similar extractable P concentrations. It may therefore be possible to use a single agronomic test to predict filterable reactive P concentrations in surface runoff from calcareous soils, but inherent dangers exist in assuming a consistent response, even for one soil within a single field. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Turner, Benjamin L AU - Kay, Mary A AU - Westermann, Dale T AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83301, USA. bturner@ifas.ufl.edu PY - 2004 SP - 1814 EP - 1821 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Agriculture KW - Desert Climate KW - Water Movements KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Rain KW - Phosphorus -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66859199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+in+surface+runoff+from+calcareous+arable+soils+of+the+semiarid+Western+United+States.&rft.au=Turner%2C+Benjamin+L%3BKay%2C+Mary+A%3BWestermann%2C+Dale+T&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptive response of yeasts to furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and new chemical evidence for HMF conversion to 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran. AN - 66834972; 15338422 AB - Renewable lignocellulosic materials are attractive low-cost feedstocks for bioethanol production. Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are among the most potent inhibitory compounds generated from acid hydrolysis of lignocelluloses to simple sugars for fermentation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 211239 and NRRL Y-12632 and Pichia stipitis NRRL Y-7124, furfural and HMF inhibition were determined to be dose-dependent at concentrations from 10 to 120 mM. The yeast strains were more sensitive to inhibition by furfural than HMF at the same concentration, while combined treatment of furfural and HMF synergistically suppressed cell growth. A metabolite transformed from HMF by strain NRRL Y-12632 was isolated from the culture supernatant, and conclusively identified as 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran, a previously postulated HMF alcohol, with a composition of C6H8O3 and a molecular weight of 128. It is proposed that, in the presence of HMF, the yeast reduces the aldehyde group on the furan ring of HMF into an alcohol, in a similar manner as for furfural. The accumulation of this biotransformed metabolite may be less toxic to yeast cultures than HMF, as evidenced by the rapid yeast fermentation and growth rates associated with HMF conversion. The ability of yeasts to adapt to and transform furfural and HMF offers the potential for in situ detoxification of these inhibitors and suggests a genetic basis for further development of highly tolerant strains for biofuel production. JF - Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology AU - Liu, Z L AU - Slininger, P J AU - Dien, B S AU - Berhow, M A AU - Kurtzman, C P AU - Gorsich, S W AD - Crop Bioprotection, Fermentation Biotechnology, Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing, and New Crops and Processing Technology Research Units, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. liuzl@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 345 EP - 352 VL - 31 IS - 8 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Furans KW - 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan KW - 1883-75-6 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - 5-hydroxymethylfurfural KW - 70ETD81LF0 KW - Furaldehyde KW - DJ1HGI319P KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Fermentation KW - Biotransformation KW - Antifungal Agents -- metabolism KW - Glucose -- metabolism KW - Adaptation, Physiological KW - Ethanol -- metabolism KW - Biomass KW - Molecular Weight KW - Culture Media -- chemistry KW - Furans -- metabolism KW - Pichia -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- growth & development KW - Furaldehyde -- analogs & derivatives KW - Pichia -- metabolism KW - Pichia -- drug effects KW - Furans -- isolation & purification KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Furans -- chemistry KW - Furaldehyde -- pharmacology KW - Furaldehyde -- metabolism KW - Pichia -- growth & development KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66834972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology+%26+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Adaptive+response+of+yeasts+to+furfural+and+5-hydroxymethylfurfural+and+new+chemical+evidence+for+HMF+conversion+to+2%2C5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Z+L%3BSlininger%2C+P+J%3BDien%2C+B+S%3BBerhow%2C+M+A%3BKurtzman%2C+C+P%3BGorsich%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology+%26+biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The podrocker; a kinder, gentler way to flip large blocks AN - 51707697; 2005-044142 JF - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology AU - Madsen, Scott AU - Hopwood, Ronald AU - Gray, Dale AU - Ting, Suyin AU - Gingerich, Philip AU - Higgins, Pennilyn AU - Small, Bryan AU - Fox, Marilyn Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 88 PB - University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK VL - 24 IS - 3, Suppl. SN - 0272-4634, 0272-4634 KW - United States KW - Chordata KW - block structures KW - Dinosaur National Monument KW - public lands KW - podrocker KW - excavations KW - Reptilia KW - national monuments KW - sampling KW - dinosaurs KW - Vertebrata KW - Tetrapoda KW - instruments KW - field studies KW - 11:Vertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51707697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=The+podrocker%3B+a+kinder%2C+gentler+way+to+flip+large+blocks&rft.au=Madsen%2C+Scott%3BHopwood%2C+Ronald%3BGray%2C+Dale%3BTing%2C+Suyin%3BGingerich%2C+Philip%3BHiggins%2C+Pennilyn%3BSmall%2C+Bryan%3BFox%2C+Marilyn&rft.aulast=Madsen&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.issn=02724634&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.bioone.org/loi/vrpa LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 64th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - block structures; Chordata; Dinosaur National Monument; dinosaurs; excavations; field studies; instruments; national monuments; podrocker; public lands; Reptilia; sampling; Tetrapoda; United States; Vertebrata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertebrate ichnofossils from the Upper Jurassic Stump to Morrison formational transition, Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Utah AN - 51707289; 2005-043877 JF - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology AU - Bilbey, Sue Ann AU - Mickelson, Debra AU - Hall, Evan AU - Madsen, Scott AU - Todd, Chauncie AU - Kirkland, James AU - Ting, Suyin AU - Gingerich, Philip AU - Higgins, Pennilyn AU - Small, Bryan AU - Fox, Marilyn Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 39 PB - University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK VL - 24 IS - 3, Suppl. SN - 0272-4634, 0272-4634 KW - United States KW - Diapsida KW - ichnofossils KW - sandstone KW - ripple marks KW - Sauropoda KW - Archosauria KW - Sundance Formation KW - bedding plane irregularities KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Daggett County Utah KW - Morrison Formation KW - dinosaurs KW - sedimentary structures KW - Chordata KW - Flaming Gorge Reservoir KW - Upper Jurassic KW - Jurassic KW - tracks KW - nearshore environment KW - paleogeography KW - Mesozoic KW - Sauropodomorpha KW - Salt Wash Sandstone Member KW - Reptilia KW - Stump Formation KW - Saurischia KW - Utah KW - Vertebrata KW - fluvial environment KW - clastic rocks KW - Tetrapoda KW - preservation KW - northeastern Utah KW - 11:Vertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51707289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=Vertebrate+ichnofossils+from+the+Upper+Jurassic+Stump+to+Morrison+formational+transition%2C+Flaming+Gorge+Reservoir%2C+Utah&rft.au=Bilbey%2C+Sue+Ann%3BMickelson%2C+Debra%3BHall%2C+Evan%3BMadsen%2C+Scott%3BTodd%2C+Chauncie%3BKirkland%2C+James%3BTing%2C+Suyin%3BGingerich%2C+Philip%3BHiggins%2C+Pennilyn%3BSmall%2C+Bryan%3BFox%2C+Marilyn&rft.aulast=Bilbey&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.issn=02724634&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.bioone.org/loi/vrpa LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 64th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Archosauria; bedding plane irregularities; Chordata; clastic rocks; Daggett County Utah; Diapsida; dinosaurs; Flaming Gorge Reservoir; fluvial environment; ichnofossils; Jurassic; Mesozoic; Morrison Formation; nearshore environment; northeastern Utah; paleogeography; preservation; Reptilia; ripple marks; Salt Wash Sandstone Member; sandstone; Saurischia; Sauropoda; Sauropodomorpha; sedimentary rocks; sedimentary structures; Stump Formation; Sundance Formation; Tetrapoda; tracks; United States; Upper Jurassic; Utah; Vertebrata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiological survey of Dry Mesa Quarry of Colorado, to evaluate the amount and location of subsurface fossil bone remaining in the quarry AN - 51706932; 2005-044082 JF - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology AU - Jones, Ramal AU - Ambrose, Peter AU - Ting, Suyin AU - Gingerich, Philip AU - Higgins, Pennilyn AU - Small, Bryan AU - Fox, Marilyn Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 77 PB - University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK VL - 24 IS - 3, Suppl. SN - 0272-4634, 0272-4634 KW - United States KW - Chordata KW - geophysical surveys KW - quarries KW - vertebrae KW - geophysical methods KW - mapping KW - Montrose County Colorado KW - excavations KW - radioactivity methods KW - bones KW - surveys KW - Dry Mesa Quarry KW - Vertebrata KW - Colorado KW - instruments KW - buried features KW - 11:Vertebrate paleontology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51706932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=Radiological+survey+of+Dry+Mesa+Quarry+of+Colorado%2C+to+evaluate+the+amount+and+location+of+subsurface+fossil+bone+remaining+in+the+quarry&rft.au=Jones%2C+Ramal%3BAmbrose%2C+Peter%3BTing%2C+Suyin%3BGingerich%2C+Philip%3BHiggins%2C+Pennilyn%3BSmall%2C+Bryan%3BFox%2C+Marilyn&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Ramal&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.issn=02724634&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.bioone.org/loi/vrpa LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 64th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bones; buried features; Chordata; Colorado; Dry Mesa Quarry; excavations; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; instruments; mapping; Montrose County Colorado; quarries; radioactivity methods; surveys; United States; vertebrae; Vertebrata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow Characteristics of a Pilot-Scale High Temperature, Short Time Pasteurizer AN - 21272428; 5991338 AB - In this study, we present a method for determining the fastest moving particle (FMP) and residence time distribution (RTD) in a pilot-scale high temperature, short time (HTST) pasteurizer to ensure that laboratory or pilot- scale HTST apparatus meets the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance standards for pasteurization of milk and can be used for obtaining thermal inactivation data. The overall dimensions of the plate in the pasteurizer were 75 x 115 mm, with a thickness of 0.5 mm and effective diameter of 3.0 mm. The pasteurizer was equipped with nominal 21.5- and 52.2-s hold tubes, and flow capacity was variable from 0 to 20 L/h. Tracer studies were used to determine FMP times and RTD data to establish flow characteristics. Using brine milk as tracer, the FMP time for the short holding section was 18.6 s and for the long holding section was 36 s at 72C, compared with the nominal times of 21.5 and 52.2 s, respectively. The RTD study indicates that the short hold section was 45% back mixed and 55% plug flow for whole milk at 72C. The long hold section was 91% plug and 9% back mixed for whole milk at 72C. This study demonstrates that continuous laboratory and pilot-scale pasteurizers may be used to study inactivation of microorganisms only if the flow conditions in the holding tube are established for comparison with commercial HTST systems. JF - Journal of Dairy Science AU - Tomasula, P M AU - Kozempel, M F AD - Dairy Processing and Products Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 2761 EP - 2768 VL - 87 IS - 9 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Tracers KW - Data processing KW - Pasteurized milk KW - Microorganisms KW - Pasteurization KW - Brines KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21272428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.atitle=Flow+Characteristics+of+a+Pilot-Scale+High+Temperature%2C+Short+Time+Pasteurizer&rft.au=Tomasula%2C+P+M%3BKozempel%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Tomasula&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2761&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Tracers; Data processing; Pasteurized milk; Microorganisms; Pasteurization; Brines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population densities of yellow starthistle (Centaurea Solstitialis) in Turkey AN - 20834024; 6052877 AB - Yellow starthistle is one of the most important alien invasive weeds in the western United States. It has been targeted for biological control based on the assumption that its abundance is limited by natural enemies in its native region but not in the United States. The geographic center of diversity for yellow starthistle appears to be in Turkey. This region is being explored to discover potential biological control agents; however, there is no quantitative information regarding the population density or dynamics of the plant in this region. Such information could help determine which natural enemies help suppress the plant in its land of origin. We measured densities of yellow starthistle plants and seeds during 2 yr at three locations in central Turkey. Densities of mature plants were about 4% of those measured at sites in California. Densities of capitula and seeds produced were about 60 and 65%, respectively, of those measured in California. The greatest difference between the two regions appears to be the densities of mature plants, which indicates the importance of focusing research on natural enemies that reduce plant survival. Nomenclature: Yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. CENSO. JF - Weed Science AU - Uygur, S AU - Smith, L AU - Uygur, F N AU - Cristofaro, M AU - Balciunas, J AD - Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey, lsmith@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 746 EP - 753 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Nomenclature KW - Centaurea solstitialis KW - Weeds KW - Seeds KW - Natural enemies KW - Abundance KW - Population density KW - Survival KW - A 01370:Biological Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20834024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Population+densities+of+yellow+starthistle+%28Centaurea+Solstitialis%29+in+Turkey&rft.au=Uygur%2C+S%3BSmith%2C+L%3BUygur%2C+F+N%3BCristofaro%2C+M%3BBalciunas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Uygur&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=746&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282004%290522.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-1745&volume=52&page=746 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nomenclature; Biological control; Weeds; Seeds; Natural enemies; Abundance; Population density; Survival; Centaurea solstitialis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2004)052<0746:PDOYSC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symposium Long-term weed management studies in the Pacific Northwest AN - 20152618; 6052898 AB - The winter wheat production system of the Pacific Northwest is characterized by severe wind and water erosion and winter annual grass weeds requiring high herbicide input. Since 1985, numerous multi- and interdisciplinary, long-term, large-scale, integrated cropping systems studies have been or are currently being conducted. The primary focus of these studies was on weed biology, ecology, and management, whereas secondary evaluations were on alternative cropping systems, conservation tillage, and fertilizer or herbicide inputs. The 6-yr integrated pest management project, conducted in the high-rainfall zone (> 400 mm), showed for the first time that when weeds were adequately managed, conservation production systems were more profitable than conventional systems. In the intermediate rainfall zone (350 to 400 mm), a recently concluded 6-yr, three-state study integrated single-component research results into a multifaceted approach to managing jointed goatgrass. This project has been used as a model study for other western states and the National Jointed Goatgrass Research Initiative. At present (9 yr thus far), a study is being conducted in the low-rainfall zone (< 350 mm) to examine the feasibility of no-till spring cropping systems in lieu of the highly erosive, weed infested, wheat-fallow system. Because of these projects, the Washington Wheat Commission recognized the importance of long-term, interdisciplinary, cropping systems research and has therefore established an Endowed Chair at Washington State University for direct seed cropping systems research. Federal, national, and regional agencies have used information from these projects for farm plans and pesticide usage. Nomenclature: Jointed goatgrass, Aegilops cylindrica HOST AECY; wheat, Triticum aestivum L. JF - Weed Science AU - Young, F L AD - Corresponding author. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, youngfl@wsu.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 897 EP - 903 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Grasses KW - Rainfall KW - crop production KW - no-till cropping KW - INE, USA, Washington KW - INE, USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Ecology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Fertilizers KW - farms KW - Water springs KW - integrated pest management KW - wheat KW - weed control KW - Herbicides KW - Erosion KW - winter KW - Pesticides KW - Conservation KW - Aegilops cylindrica KW - tillage KW - weeds KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20152618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Symposium+Long-term+weed+management+studies+in+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Young%2C+F+L&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282004%290522.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-1745&volume=52&page=897 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Aegilops cylindrica; INE, USA, Washington; INE, USA, Pacific Northwest; weeds; Conservation; wheat; Herbicides; winter; Feasibility studies; farms; Ecology; weed control; Erosion; Rainfall; Water springs; integrated pest management; Grasses; no-till cropping; Fertilizers; Pesticides; crop production; tillage DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2004)052<0897:SLWMSI>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TECHNIQUES FOR MOLECULAR ANALYSIS: The use of vapor phase extraction in metabolic profiling of phytohormones and other metabolites AN - 19812852; 6011950 AB - Through complex networks of signaling interactions, phytohormones regulate growth, development, reproduction and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Comprehensive metabolomic approaches, seeking to quantify changes in vast numbers of plant metabolites, may ultimately clarify these complex signaling interactions and consequently explain pleiotropic effects on plant metabolism. Synergistic and antagonistic phytohormone signaling interactions, referred to as crosstalk, are often considered at the level of transduction without proper consideration of synthesis or accumulation of phytohormones because of the limitation and difficulty in quantifying numerous signals. Significant progress has recently been made in the expansion of metabolic profiling and analysis of multiple phytohormones [Birkemeyer et al. (J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 993, 89); Chiwocha et al. (Plant J., 2003, 35, 405); Mueller et al. (Planta, 2002, 216, 44); Schmelz et al. (Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 2003, 100, 10552)]. We recently presented a novel metabolic profiling approach to the analysis of acidic phytohormones and other metabolites based on a simplistic preparation scheme and analysis by chemical ionization-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We now provide a detailed description of this vapor phase extraction technique and use pathogen infection of Arabidopsis with Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 to illustrate metabolic changes in salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, unsaturated C sub(18) fatty acids, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, and phytotoxin coronatine. Directions for further method expansion are provided and include issues of recovery, derivatization, range of accessible analytes, optimization, reproducibility and future directions. JF - Plant Journal AU - Schmelz, E A AU - Engelberth, J AU - Tumlinson, J H AU - Block, A AU - Alborn, H T AD - Center of Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1600/1700 Southwest 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA, eschmelz@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 790 EP - 808 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chromatography KW - Abscisic acid KW - Phytotoxins KW - Stress KW - Metabolites KW - Pathogens KW - Jasmonic acid KW - Infection KW - Salicylic acid KW - Cinnamic acid KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Vapors KW - Coronatine KW - Fatty acids KW - Arabidopsis KW - Reproduction KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - metabolomics KW - Signal transduction KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19812852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Journal&rft.atitle=TECHNIQUES+FOR+MOLECULAR+ANALYSIS%3A+The+use+of+vapor+phase+extraction+in+metabolic+profiling+of+phytohormones+and+other+metabolites&rft.au=Schmelz%2C+E+A%3BEngelberth%2C+J%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H%3BBlock%2C+A%3BAlborn%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Schmelz&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=790&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Journal&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-313X.2004.02168.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chromatography; Abscisic acid; Phytotoxins; Stress; Metabolites; Pathogens; Infection; Jasmonic acid; Salicylic acid; Mass spectroscopy; Cinnamic acid; Vapors; Coronatine; Fatty acids; Reproduction; metabolomics; Signal transduction; Arabidopsis; Pseudomonas syringae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02168.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dainty Plant Outpowers Cadmium-Contaminated Soils AN - 19581436; 7292386 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Chaney, R AD - USDA-ARS Animal Manure and Byproducts Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-West, Bldg. 007, Room 013, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, chaneyr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 22 VL - 52 IS - 9 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Cadmium KW - Soil contamination KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19581436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Dainty+Plant+Outpowers+Cadmium-Contaminated+Soils&rft.au=Chaney%2C+R&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural pollution; Cadmium; Soil contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing Salinity in the Lower Colorado River Region AN - 19576885; 7292385 AB - The irrigated farms of America's Southwest are known for pro-ducing bountiful fruits, vegetables, tree nuts, alfalfa, and even turfgrass. They've also become famous for their salt. Excess salt--affecting about 30 percent of U.S. irrigated land--reduces water and nutrient uptake by plants and crops. The buildup of salts, pes-ticides, and other trace constituents, such as boron, also threatens water resources. In response to the growing salini-ty problems of the thirsty states in the lower Colorado River region, a partnership was created 4 years ago between the Agricultural Research Service's George E. Brown, Jr., Salinity Laboratory, in Riverside, California, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). This collaboration, known as the Lower Colorado Region Salinity Assessment Network (LCRSAN), has helped advance the agencies' shared goals: to monitor, control, and curb soil salinization in the area. JF - Agricultural Research AU - peabody, E AD - USDA-ARS Information Staff, 5610 SunnysideAve., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, ekpeabody@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 16 VL - 52 IS - 9 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Laboratories KW - Salinization KW - Nutrients KW - Alfalfa KW - USA, Colorado R. KW - Salts KW - USA, Colorado KW - Salinity KW - Assessments KW - Networks KW - USA, California KW - SW 7060:Research facilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19576885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Managing+Salinity+in+the+Lower+Colorado+River+Region&rft.au=peabody%2C+E&rft.aulast=peabody&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Salts; Salinity; Assessments; Laboratories; Networks; Nutrients; Salinization; Alfalfa; USA, Colorado R.; USA, Colorado; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ploidy, water, and nitrogen effects on Russian wildrye chemical composition AN - 19555011; 8697806 AB - Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], a cool-season introduced bunchgrass, offers producers an alternative to crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes] for spring and fall grazing in the Northern Great Plains. Tetraploid Russian wildrye with improved seedling establishment may offer even greater potential for seasonal grazing. This study investigates how the concentrations of some nutritive quality components in leaf, stem, and inflorescence tissue of diploid and tetraploid Russian wildrye were affected by growing season water (50 and 150% of average precipitation) and fertilizer (10 and 134 kg N ha-1). Plants were sampled at vegetative, boot, anthesis, and anthesis plus 10-day stages of maturity in 1994, 1995, and 1996. Tetraploid plants had slightly (P < 0.05) less crude protein (CP) in leaf, stem and inflorescence tissue than diploid plants. Plants grown at the 50% water treatment had higher CP and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in leaf and inflorescence tissue, while in stem tissue only CP was affected by the growing season water treatment. Nitrogen fertilizer resulted in greater CP and IVDMD and lower ADF and NDF in all 3 plant tissues. Maturity affects were consistent over leaf, stem and inflorescence tissue, with CP and IVDMD declining and ADF and NDF increasing as plants matured. There were some differences in nutritive quality components between diploid and tetraploid plants, but overall their qualities were comparable and quite good. Crude protein at all stages of maturity in leaf and inflorescence tissue would have been adequate for most classes of beef cattle, while stem tissue CP would have only been adequate for lower producing animals. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Karn, J F AU - Frank, Ab AU - Berdahl, J D AU - Poland, W W AD - Research Animal Scientist, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, P. O. Box 459, Mandan, N.D. 58554 Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 503 EP - 510 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - diploid KW - tetraploid KW - stage of maturity KW - rain shelter KW - forage quality KW - Diploids KW - Detergents KW - Grazing KW - Ploidy KW - Leaves KW - Precipitation KW - Rangelands KW - Fibers KW - Fertilizers KW - Water treatment KW - Agropyron desertorum KW - Beef KW - Digestibility KW - Dry matter KW - Seedlings KW - Maturity KW - Nitrogen KW - G 07800:Plants and Algae KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19555011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Ploidy%2C+water%2C+and+nitrogen+effects+on+Russian+wildrye+chemical+composition&rft.au=Karn%2C+J+F%3BFrank%2C+Ab%3BBerdahl%2C+J+D%3BPoland%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Karn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%29057%5C2.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diploids; Grazing; Detergents; Leaves; Ploidy; Precipitation; Fibers; Rangelands; Fertilizers; Water treatment; Beef; Digestibility; Dry matter; Seedlings; Maturity; Nitrogen; Agropyron desertorum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057\[0503:PWANEO\]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What makes a weed a weed: life history traits of native and exotic plants in the USA AN - 19416830; 6018043 AB - I compared ten life history traits (vegetative reproduction, breeding system, compatibility, pollination system, shade tolerance, habitat, life span, life form, morphology, and toxicity) from two existing databases for the 19,960 plant species that occur in the USA. I used two-way tests of independence to determine if there were significant life history traits that distinguish weeds from non-weeds, exotic weeds from native weeds, and invasive exotic weeds from non-invasive exotic weeds. Life span was the most significant life history trait for weeds in general; weeds were more likely to be annuals and biennials and less likely to perennials than non-weeds. In addition, vegetative reproduction, breeding system, compatibility, shade tolerance, and life form were related to life span. Annual and biennial weeds (whether native, exotic, or exotic invasives) were more likely to be wetland adapted, armed, and toxic than annual or biennial non-weeds. Perennial weeds (whether native, exotic, or exotic invasives) were less likely to be forbs or subshrubs, and more likely to be wetland adapted, toxic, shade intolerant, grasses, vines and trees than perennial non-weeds. Exotic annual and perennial weeds were less likely to be wetland species than native weeds, but more likely to be wetland species than non-weeds. Invasive exotic weeds, in contrast, were less likely to be forbs and more likely to be perennial, monoecious, self-incompatible, and trees and than non-invasive exotics. JF - Oecologia AU - Sutherland, S AD - Fire Sciences Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 59807, Missoula, MT, USA, ssutherland@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 24 EP - 39 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 141 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pollination KW - Weeds KW - Life span KW - Toxicity tolerance KW - Longevity KW - USA KW - Life history KW - Wetlands KW - Introduced species KW - Vegetative reproduction KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19416830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=What+makes+a+weed+a+weed%3A+life+history+traits+of+native+and+exotic+plants+in+the+USA&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+S&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00442-004-1628-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollination; Weeds; Life history; Wetlands; Introduced species; Toxicity tolerance; Longevity; Vegetative reproduction; Life span; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1628-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regrowth and production of herbaceous riparian vegetation following defoliation AN - 19339116; 8697799 AB - Stubble height regulations are frequently used to manage livestock grazing of herbaceous riparian vegetation. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of stubble height, time of clipping and soil water status on production and regrowth of herbaceous riparian vegetation. We used a randomized block design with 4 study sites on each of 3 small (< 2m width) streams in northern Harney County, Ore. In June and July of 2000-2003, 40 50 cm experimental plots were clipped to stubble heights of 5.1 (2 inch), 10.2 (4 inch), or 15.2 cm (6 inch), and paired control plots were left unclipped. Complete treatment sets were located adjacent to the stream and 4 m from the stream at each site. All plots were clipped to 1 cm in October and regrowth was calculated by comparing clipped and control plots. Water table depth was measured weekly using PVC wells. Results indicate that height regrowth was associated positively with stubble height (P < 0.01) and was less with July compared to June clipping (P = 0.02). Weight regrowth was also positively related to stubble height (P < 0.01) and decreased with July compared to June clipping (P = 0.04) whereas annual aboveground production increased with July clipping (P = 0.02). Annual production values for clipped plots were higher than for unclipped plots, indicating compensatory production in response to defoliation. Plots distant from the stream had less water availability, but regrowth and production were not strongly influenced by distance from active stream channel. Timing and intensity of defoliation were reliable predictors of regrowth and production performance. Most clipping height time combinations produced end of season heights sufficient to meet current federal stubble height requirements (i.e., 10-15 cm). Our results provide insight on the timing and intensity of defoliation that will allow for adequate regrowth to meet different management objectives. However, other factors such as stream channel morphology, animal selectivity, and annual weather variation will need to be considered. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Boyd, Chad S AU - Svejcar, Tony J AD - Rangeland Scientists, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, 67826-A, Hwy 205, Burns, Ore. 97720. The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly operated by the USDA-ARS and the Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 448 EP - 454 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - grazing KW - clipping KW - stubble height KW - compensatory growth KW - Soil KW - Weather KW - Rangelands KW - Grazing KW - Stubble KW - Vegetation KW - Defoliation KW - Streams KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19339116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Regrowth+and+production+of+herbaceous+riparian+vegetation+following+defoliation&rft.au=Boyd%2C+Chad+S%3BSvejcar%2C+Tony+J&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%29057%5C2.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Rangelands; Weather; Grazing; Stubble; Vegetation; Defoliation; Streams DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057\[0448:RAPOHR\]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Salmonellae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Fecal Coliforms in Bulk Tank Milk on US Dairies AN - 19288338; 5991345 AB - The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and fecal coliforms in bulk tank milk in the United States. As part of the NAHMS Dairy 2002 survey, 861 bulk tank milk samples were collected from farms in 21 states. Milk was directly plated on selective agars for direct bacterial enumeration and was enriched in selective broths to increase detection sensitivity. Somatic cell counts (SCC) and standard plate counts (SPC) were also determined. Coliforms were detected in 95% (818 of 860) of the samples, and the average SCC was 295,000 cells/mL. Twenty-two samples (2.6%) were culture-positive for Salmonella, and 9 serotypes were identified: Montevideo (n = 7), Newport (n = 4), Muenster (n = 2), Meleagridis (n = 2), Cerro (n = 2), 44:Z36 (Z38) (n = 2), Dublin (n = 1), Anatum (n = 1), and 9, 12:nonmo-tile (n = 1). Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 56 (6.5%) samples, and serotyping of these isolates yielded 5 serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 3b, 4b, and 4c). Of the L. monocytogenes isolates, 93% were serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b, the most common human clinical isolates. Regional differences in L. monocytogenes and Salmonella prevalence were observed, but more studies are needed to determine the validity of these differences. There were no apparent relationships between SCC or SPC and incidence of Salmonella or L. monocytogenes. Although the prevalence of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella was low, these pathogens represent a potential risk to consumers of raw milk and raw milk products. JF - Journal of Dairy Science AU - Van Kessel, JS AU - Karns, J S AU - Gorski, L AU - Mccluskey, B J AU - Perdue, M L AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 2822 EP - 2830 VL - 87 IS - 9 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Agar KW - Coliforms KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Milk KW - Farms KW - Serotypes KW - Serotyping KW - Pathogens KW - Somatic cells KW - Milk products KW - Dairies KW - Consumers KW - Salmonella KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Salmonellae%2C+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+and+Fecal+Coliforms+in+Bulk+Tank+Milk+on+US+Dairies&rft.au=Van+Kessel%2C+JS%3BKarns%2C+J+S%3BGorski%2C+L%3BMccluskey%2C+B+J%3BPerdue%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Van+Kessel&rft.aufirst=JS&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2822&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clinical isolates; Agar; Fecal coliforms; Coliforms; Serotypes; Farms; Milk; Serotyping; Pathogens; Somatic cells; Dairies; Milk products; Consumers; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of oleander leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Texas AN - 18063273; 6080350 AB - Bacterial leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa has been reported on oleander in California (3) and Florida (4). In June 2002, leaf scorch symptoms including chlorotic mottling of leaves, necrosis on leaf tips or whole leaves, defoliation, and shortened internodes were observed in oleander plants at various locations in Texas, including Galveston, Harlingen, Austin, San Antonio, and El Campo. The symptomatic varieties Calypso, Commandant Barthelemy, Lane Taylor Sealy, Little Red, Mrs. George Roeding, Mrs. Runge, Scarlet Beauty, and Petite Salmon, as well as symptomless varieties, Turner's Shari D and Sugarland from Moody Gardens in Galveston, Texas were sampled. All samples were tested for the presence of X. fastidiosa using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bacterial isolation according to the methods of Huang and Sherald (2). All symptomatic varieties reacted positively in ELISA, and colonies characteristic of X. fastidiosa were isolated from all eight symptomatic varieties 10 to 15 days after incubation at 28 degree C. The colonies were confirmed to be X. fastidiosa using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (2). ELISA tests and bacterial isolations from the symptomless Shari D and Sugarland varieties were negative. Membrane entrapment immunofluorescence (MEIF) (1) using the antibody CREC 26 to X. fastidiosa was also done on three of the symptomatic varieties and one asymptomatic variety obtained from Moody Gardens, and fluorescing bacteria were found only in the three symptomatic varieties. Symptomatic samples of Petite Salmon, one pink variety and one red variety obtained from a residential area west of Galveston, and a red oleander in Harlingen, TX, also tested positive with MEIF. Other ELISA-positive samples were obtained from symptomatic oleanders from Austin, San Antonio, and El Campo, TX. The X. fastidiosa bacteria isolated from the variety Lane Taylor Sealy were used to inoculate three red oleander plants by making an 8-cm-long vertical cut into the stem and then in 15 locations injecting approximately 15 mu 1 of a X. fastidiosa suspension (10 super(8-9) cells per ml). The cut area was wrapped with Parafilm after inoculation, and the plants were kept at 29 degree C in a greenhouse. Three healthy red oleanders were inoculated with periwinkle wilt liquid medium for controls. Approximately 3 months after inoculation, chlorotic mottling along the edges of leaves was observed in the oleanders inoculated with X. fastidiosa, and the bacterium was reisolated from symptomatic leaves as described above. No symptoms were observed on the control plants, and bacterial isolation from the control plants was also negative. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show the causal role of X. fastidiosa in oleander leaf scorch and the presence of the disease in different locations in Texas, extending the geographic range of this important bacterial disease. JF - Plant Disease AU - Huang, Q AU - Brlansky, R H AU - Barnes, L AU - Li, W AU - Hartung, J S AD - Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, U.S. National Arboretum, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1049 VL - 88 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Oleander KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Geographical distribution KW - Plant diseases KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - Nerium oleander KW - USA, Texas KW - Leaf scorch KW - Media (isolation) KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18063273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+oleander+leaf+scorch+caused+by+Xylella+fastidiosa+in+Texas&rft.au=Huang%2C+Q%3BBrlansky%2C+R+H%3BBarnes%2C+L%3BLi%2C+W%3BHartung%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1049&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nerium oleander; Xylella fastidiosa; USA, Texas; Plant diseases; Leaf scorch; Geographical distribution; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Media (isolation); Immunofluorescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of autumn planting date and stand age on severity of stem rust in seed crops of perennial ryegrass AN - 18062083; 6080335 AB - Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) grown for seed is planted in autumn for July harvest (first-year seed crop), then kept in production for subsequent yearly harvests. Plots of first-year perennial ryegrass planted in early November had only 3% as much stem rust in June as plots planted in mid-September. In other plots where fungicides were used to prevent rust development, seed yield from the November-planted plots was reduced by 23% compared with September-planted plots. In the second-year seed crop, stem rust severity in June was intermediate between severities in early- and late-planted first-year plots. The association of reduced stem rust severity with late planting for first-year crops was observed for five of six perennial ryegrass cultivars tested. Degree of reduction in disease severity due to planting date was greatest for the cultivars that had the highest disease severity in early-planted stands. Delay of autumn planting date may provide a useful cultural control method for first-year stands of perennial ryegrass seed crops. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pfender, W F AD - USDA-ARS National Forage Seed Production Research Center and Oregon State University Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 3450 S.W. Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, pfenderw@onid.orst.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1017 EP - 1020 VL - 88 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Cereal rust KW - Perennial ryegrass KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Seeds KW - Plant diseases KW - Stem rust KW - Puccinia graminis KW - Lolium perenne KW - Planting KW - Seasonal variations KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18062083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effect+of+autumn+planting+date+and+stand+age+on+severity+of+stem+rust+in+seed+crops+of+perennial+ryegrass&rft.au=Pfender%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Pfender&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1017&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia graminis; Lolium perenne; Plant diseases; Stem rust; Seeds; Planting; Seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scent Marking by Males of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 18061987; 6056140 AB - Males of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (medfly), defend individual leaves as mating territories. While perching, males release an air-borne pheromone (known to attract females) from everted rectal epithelium at the tip of the abdomen. Males also occasionally touch the substrate with the tip of their abdomen. The main objective of the present study was to determine whether such abdomen dipping was a form of intersexual signaling, i.e., whether this action resulted in increased female visitation to the territory. Following observations on the frequency of pheromone calling and abdomen dipping of individually marked males, I ran a standard set of experiments using leaves from four different plant species. Leaves were exposed to varying numbers of (mature) males and females, respectively, for varying durations, and female settlement was compared on exposed versus nonexposed leaves in laboratory cages. Exposing leaves to females had no, or little, influence on female distribution for any of the four plant species. Exposing leaves to males had little influence on subsequent female settlement for orange, coffee, or macadamia trees. However, leaves of the fig tree Ficus bejamina that were exposed to males were much more attractive to females than nonexposed leaves. I then conducted a series of additional tests using fig leaves and found that i) leaf exposure to immature males had no effect on female distribution, ii) leaf exposure to mature males for as little as 90 min increased leaf attractiveness to females, iii) prohibiting males direct contact with the leaf during exposure eliminated any effect on female settlement, and iv) females discriminated between exposed and nonexposed leaves even in physically complex environments (i.e., potted plants). The possible role of abdomen dipping in sexual advertisement of male medflies is discussed. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Shelly, TE AD - Center for Conservation Research and Training, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 709 EP - 722 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Diptera KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - Fruit flies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Sex pheromone KW - Tephritidae KW - Chemical communication KW - Scent marking behavior KW - Territorial behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05194:Communication KW - Y 25363:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18061987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Scent+Marking+by+Males+of+the+Mediterranean+Fruit+Fly%2C+Ceratitis+capitata+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Shelly%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Shelly&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOIR.0000042551.10590.d2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; Scent marking behavior; Territorial behavior; Sex pheromone; Chemical communication DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOIR.0000042551.10590.d2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of selected ericaceous ornamental host species to Phytophthora ramorum AN - 18059551; 6080331 AB - We assessed disease reactions of 51 species or varieties of ericaceous ornamental hosts to two isolates of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death. Inoculation was performed with an A2 mating type U.S. isolate from rhododendron and the P. ramorum type culture of A1 mating type from Germany. For only one host were statistically significant differences in disease observed between the two isolates. Several different inoculation methods were compared. The 51 hosts tested varied widely in susceptibility, ranging from 0% to over 90% leaf area infected. Two cultivars of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) showed no disease, while three cultivars of Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel) were all highly susceptible. The results indicate that many ornamental hosts grown in the United States are susceptible to P. ramorum under artificial inoculation conditions. Inoculum density studies with two susceptible host species showed that P. ramorum is capable of producing disease symptoms over sporangium concentrations ranging from 100 to 5,000 sporangia per ml. Mean numbers of chlamydospores forming in host tissue of 21 hosts ranged from 2 to over 900 chlamydospores per 6-mm-diameter leaf disk. Whether hosts showing susceptiblity under the experimental conditions used in this study would become infected with P. ramorum in the presence of inoculum under natural conditions is unknown. JF - Plant Disease AU - Tooley, P W AU - Kyde, K L AU - Englander, L AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave., Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, ptooley@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 993 EP - 999 VL - 88 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - sudden oak death KW - Oaks KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Host specificity KW - Plant diseases KW - Kalmia latifolia KW - Disease resistance KW - Vaccinium macrocarpon KW - Phytophthora ramorum KW - Inoculum KW - Quercus KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18059551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+selected+ericaceous+ornamental+host+species+to+Phytophthora+ramorum&rft.au=Tooley%2C+P+W%3BKyde%2C+K+L%3BEnglander%2C+L&rft.aulast=Tooley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; Phytophthora ramorum; Vaccinium macrocarpon; Kalmia latifolia; Inoculum; Plant diseases; Disease resistance; Host specificity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soybean root systems and sudden death syndrome severity: taproot and lateral root infection AN - 18056857; 6080334 AB - Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to evaluate the role that infection location (taproot versus lateral root) plays in disease development of sudden death syndrome (SDS) on soybean (Glycine max) caused by the fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Root characteristics of 12 soybean cultivars, representing a range of SDS reactions, were evaluated and compared for disease responses. A method was developed to facilitate taproot or lateral root infection. Results show that this procedure may be useful for observing a continuum of foliar and root disease responses. Significant differences in root length, surface area, and average diameter were observed among cultivars when infection occurred at the taproot or on the lateral roots. A significant correlation existed between foliar symptoms (i.e., area under the disease progress curve [AUDPC]) and root length, surface area, and volume for inoculated plants. Root volume and percent root discoloration were significantly different among individual soybean cultivars, and percent root discoloration was associated with AUDPC values only when the initial site of infection was on the lateral roots of soybean plants. Useful information about root system responses to SDS may be obtained from infection of the entire root system as opposed to only taproot infection. JF - Plant Disease AU - Ortiz-Ribbing, L M AU - Eastburn, D M AD - USDA-ARS and the Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, eastburn@uiuc.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1011 EP - 1016 VL - 88 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - soybean KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Plant diseases KW - Roots KW - sudden death syndrome KW - Disease resistance KW - Glycine max KW - Fusarium solani KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18056857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Sociology&rft.atitle=Women+%26amp%3B+Power+in+the+Nonprofit+Sector&rft.au=Abzug%2C+Rikki%3BOdendahl%2C+Teresa&rft.aulast=Abzug&rft.aufirst=Rikki&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contemporary+Sociology&rft.issn=00943061&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium solani; Glycine max; sudden death syndrome; Plant diseases; Roots; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of a molecular beacon; real-time PCR technology to detect Salmonella species contaminating fruits and vegetables AN - 18020062; 5977745 AB - An oligonucleotide probe that becomes fluorescent upon hybridization to the target DNA (molecular beacon; MB) was evaluated in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect the presence of Salmonella species. As few as 1-4 colony-forming units (CFU) per PCR reaction could be detected. The capability of the assay to detect Salmonella species from artificially inoculated fresh-cut produce such as cantaloupe, mixed-salad, cilantro, and alfalfa sprouts was demonstrated. A comparison of two commercially available kits utilizing MB-PCR (iQ-Check, Bio-Rad Laboratories) and conventional Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC)-approved PCR (BAX, Dupont Qualicon) was performed on artificially inoculated produce. As few as 4 CFU/25 g of produce were detected after 16 h of enrichment in buffered peptone broth. These assays could be carried out entirely in sealed PCR tubes, enabling a rapid and high-throughput detection of Salmonella species in a large number of food and environmental samples. This is the first report of the application of MB probe being used for real-time detection of Salmonella species in whole and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Liming, SH AU - Bhagwat, A A AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 002, Room 117, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 177 EP - 187 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - cantaloupe KW - cilantro KW - fruits KW - vegetables KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Probes KW - Assays KW - Food contamination KW - Monitoring methods KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Detection KW - Inoculation KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Salmonella KW - Technology KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18020062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Application+of+a+molecular+beacon%3B+real-time+PCR+technology+to+detect+Salmonella+species+contaminating+fruits+and+vegetables&rft.au=Liming%2C+SH%3BBhagwat%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Liming&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijfoodmicro.2004.02.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Assays; Food contamination; Monitoring methods; Technology; Polymerase chain reaction; Probes; Detection; Inoculation; Colony-forming cells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.02.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on microbial quality and appearance of whole and fresh-cut melons contaminated with Salmonella spp. AN - 18015862; 5977748 AB - The efficacy of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the inactivation of Salmonella spp. inoculated on the external surface of cantaloupe and honeydew melon was investigated. Salmonella was inoculated onto whole cantaloupe and honeydew melon to a final concentration of 4.65 log sub(10) CFU/cm and 3.13 log sub(10) CFU/g, respectively. Inoculated whole melons stored at 5 degree C for up to 7 days were washed with water, 2.5% and 5% hydrogen peroxide at day 0 and 5. Hydrogen peroxide (2.5% and 5%) treatments of whole melon for 5 min caused a 3 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2) reduction of the indigenous surface microflora and a 3.0 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2) reduction in Salmonella spp. on all melon surfaces. The efficacy of the hydrogen peroxide treatments was less when the interval between inoculation and treatment of cantaloupe exceeded 24 h. Unlike cantaloupe fresh-cut pieces, Salmonella was not recovered from fresh-cut pieces prepared from treated whole honeydew melon. Growth of Salmonella occurred in cantaloupe fresh-cut pieces stored at 10 or 20 degree C, and by 2 weeks, levels reached approximately 1 log CFU/g. A rapid decline in appearance and overall acceptability was observed in fresh-cut pieces prepared from untreated whole cantaloupe. While Salmonella was recovered from fresh-cut pieces from and whole treated cantaloupe, sanitizing the surface of contaminated whole melons with hydrogen peroxide before and after cutting and storage of the fresh- cut pieces at 5 degree C can enhance the microbial safety and acceptability rating for about 2 weeks after processing. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Ukuku, DO AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies, Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, dukuku@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 137 EP - 146 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - melons KW - cantaloupe KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Food processing KW - Microbial contamination KW - Food contamination KW - Treatment KW - Inactivation KW - Storage KW - Reduction KW - Growth KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Inoculation KW - Food quality KW - Salmonella KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18015862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+hydrogen+peroxide+treatment+on+microbial+quality+and+appearance+of+whole+and+fresh-cut+melons+contaminated+with+Salmonella+spp.&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijfoodmicro.2004.01.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Food contamination; Microbial contamination; Storage; Hydrogen peroxide; Inoculation; Inactivation; Growth; Reduction; Food processing; Food quality; Treatment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.01.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specific detection and quantification of Plum pox virus by real-time fluorescent reverse transcription-PCR AN - 18012709; 5960916 AB - Plum pox virus (PPV), a destructive and economically devastating pathogen of Prunus species, was recently discovered in Pennsylvania and Canada. Current containment efforts involve eradication of infected trees based on ELISA surveys, which are laborious and less sensitive than PCR-based techniques. A real-time, fluorescent, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed for the detection of PPV in the Smart Cycler (Cepheid). The methods developed are reproducible, specific to PPV, and sensitive enough to consistently detect PPV transcripts at the 10-20fg level. The assay is more sensitive than either ELISA or traditional PCR followed by visualization with ethidium-bromide. PPV was detected from multiple hosts and from multiple Prunus tissues (leaf, stem, bud, and root). A dilution series using an in vitro synthesized transcript containing the target sequence as a standard demonstrated that the assay was effective for quantitation of viral template. The real-time PCR assay is a valuable tool for PPV detection and liter quantification in field or laboratory settings. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Schneider, W L AU - Sherman, D J AU - Stone, AL AU - Damsteegt, V D AU - Frederick, R D AD - USDA-ARS Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA, wschneider@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 01 SP - 97 EP - 105 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 120 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Plum pox virus KW - Reverse transcription KW - Prunus KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18012709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Specific+detection+and+quantification+of+Plum+pox+virus+by+real-time+fluorescent+reverse+transcription-PCR&rft.au=Schneider%2C+W+L%3BSherman%2C+D+J%3BStone%2C+AL%3BDamsteegt%2C+V+D%3BFrederick%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jviromet.2004.04.010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plum pox virus; Prunus; Reverse transcription; Polymerase chain reaction; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.04.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of empirical and neural network approaches for estimating corn and soybean leaf area index from Landsat ETM+ imagery AN - 17882142; 6022483 AB - Plant foliage density expressed as leaf area index (LAI) is used in many ecological, meteorological, and agronomic models, and as a means of quantifying crop spatial variability for precision farming. LAI retrieval using spectral vegetation indices (SVI) from optical remotely sensed data usually requires site-specific calibration values from the surface or the use of within-scene image information without surface calibrations to invert radiative transfer models. An evaluation of LAI retrieval methods was conducted using (1) empirical methods employing the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and a new SVI that uses green wavelength reflectance, (2) a scaled NDVI approach that uses no calibration measurements, and (3) a hybrid approach that uses a neural network (NN) and a radiative transfer model without site-specific calibration measurements. While research has shown that under a variety of conditions NDVI is not optimal for LAI retrieval, its continued use for remote sensing applications and in analysis seeking to develop improved parameter retrieval algorithms based on NDVI suggests its value as a 'benchmark' or standard against which other methods can be compared. Landsat-7 ETM+ data for July 1 and July 8 from the Soil Moisture EXperiment 2002 (SMEX02) field campaign in the Walnut Creek watershed south of Ames, IA, were used for the analysis. Sun photometer data collected from a site within the watershed were used to atmospherically correct the imagery to surface reflectance. LAI validation measurements of corn and soybeans were collected close to the dates of the Landsat-7 overpasses. Comparable results were obtained with the empirical SVI methods and the scaled SVI method within each date. The hybrid method, although promising, did not account for as much of the variability as the SVI methods. Higher atmospheric optical depths for July 8 leading to surface reflectance errors are believed to have resulted in overall poorer performance for this date. Use of SVIs employing green wavelengths, improved method for the definition of image minimum and maximum clusters used by the scaled NDVI method, and further development of a soil reflectance index used by the hybrid NN approach are warranted. More importantly, the results demonstrate that reasonable LAI estimates are possible using optical remote sensing methods without in situ, site-specific calibration measurements. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Walthall, C AU - Dulaney, W AU - Anderson, M AU - Norman, J AU - Fang, H AU - Liang, S AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Building 007, BARC-West, Room 120B, 10300 Baltimore Boulevard, 20705-2350, Beltsville, MD, USA, cwalthall@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 465 EP - 474 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 92 IS - 4 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Foliage KW - Leaf area KW - Data processing KW - Reflectance KW - Neural networks KW - Algorithms KW - Remote sensing KW - Vegetation KW - Watersheds KW - Soybeans KW - Landsat KW - Soil moisture KW - W4 340:Neurocomputing & Neural Networks KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17882142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+empirical+and+neural+network+approaches+for+estimating+corn+and+soybean+leaf+area+index+from+Landsat+ETM%2B+imagery&rft.au=Walthall%2C+C%3BDulaney%2C+W%3BAnderson%2C+M%3BNorman%2C+J%3BFang%2C+H%3BLiang%2C+S&rft.aulast=Walthall&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2004.06.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reflectance; Remote sensing; Neural networks; Soybeans; Watersheds; Vegetation; Leaf area; Foliage; Data processing; Landsat; Algorithms; Soil moisture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.06.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inability of Cecal Microflora to Promote Reversion of Viable Nonculturable Campylobacter Jejuni AN - 17860465; 6051443 AB - Campylobacter jejuni cells are able to enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state when they are suspended in water. In the present experiments we inoculated day-of-hatch leghorn and broiler chicks with normal gut microflora and subsequently challenged these with high doses of VBNC C. jejuni. The objective was to determine if the pre-establishment of a normal gut flora would enable VBNC Campylobacter to recover, revert to the vibrionic form, and colonize the cecum. Day-of-hatch leghorn and broiler chicks were gavaged through the esophagus with 0.75 ml of a continuous-flow culture of normal cecal organisms. Two days after gavage, the same chicks were gavaged with 0.75 ml (greater than 109 colony-forming units) of a VBNC suspension of C. jejuni. Seven days later, cecal contents were collected, serially diluted, and examined for the presence of viable culturable C. jejuni. Our results demonstrated that the VBNC C. jejuni cells were unable to revert to a vibrionic culturable form capable of colonizing the cecum. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Harvey, R B AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 2881 F B Road, College Station, TX 77845 Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 647 EP - 650 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Esophagus KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Gut KW - Cecum KW - Reversion KW - Viability KW - Cell culture KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17860465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Inability+of+Cecal+Microflora+to+Promote+Reversion+of+Viable+Nonculturable+Campylobacter+Jejuni&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BHarvey%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282004%290482.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=48&page=647 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Esophagus; Gut; Reversion; Cecum; Cell culture; Viability; Campylobacter jejuni DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2004)048<0647:IOCMTP>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface Pasteurization of Whole Fresh Cantaloupes Inoculated with Salmonella poona Or Escherichia coli AN - 17857493; 6120069 AB - Numerous outbreaks of salmonellosis by Salmonella Poona have been associated with the consumption of cantaloupe. Commercial washing processes for cantaloupe are limited in their ability to inactivate or remove this human pathogen. Our objective was to develop a commercial-scale surface pasteurization process to enhance the microbiological safety of cantaloupe. Populations of indigenous bacteria recovered from cantaloupes that were surface pasteurized at 96, 86, or 76 degree C for 2 to 3 min were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the controls. Whole cantaloupes, surface inoculated with Salmonella Poona RM 2350 or Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 to a final cell concentration of ca. 5 log CFU/cm super(2) were stored at 4 degree C or room temperature (RT = 19 +/-1 degree C) for up to 72 h before processing. Treatments at 76 degree C for 2 to 3 min at 24 h postinoculation resulted in a reduction in excess of 5 log CFU/cm super(2) of Salmonella Poona and E. coli populations. Cantaloupes that were surface pasteurized and stored at 4 degree C for 21 days retained their firmness qualities and had no visible mold growth compared with the controls, which became soft and moldy. These results indicate that surface pasteurization will enhance the microbiological safety of cantaloupes and will extend the shelf life of this commodity as well. Storage of untreated inoculated cantaloupes at RT for 24 to 72 h postinoculation caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in Salmonella Poona and E. coli populations compared with storage at 4 degree C. This indicates that cantaloupes should be refrigerated as soon as possible following harvest to suppress the growth of any possible contaminant on the rind. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Annous, Bassam A AU - Burke, Angela AU - Sites, Joseph E AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1876 EP - 1885 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - fruits KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Bacteria KW - Temperature KW - Pathogens KW - outbreaks KW - Food contamination KW - Shelf life KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Pasteurization KW - Storage KW - Growth KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Salmonellosis KW - Escherichia coli KW - pasteurization KW - Contaminants KW - Salmonella KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17857493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Surface+Pasteurization+of+Whole+Fresh+Cantaloupes+Inoculated+with+Salmonella+poona+Or+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Annous%2C+Bassam+A%3BBurke%2C+Angela%3BSites%2C+Joseph+E&rft.aulast=Annous&rft.aufirst=Bassam&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1876&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Temperature effects; Growth; Salmonellosis; Colony-forming cells; Shelf life; Contaminants; Pasteurization; Bacteria; Temperature; outbreaks; Pathogens; pasteurization; Food contamination; Food-borne diseases; Escherichia coli; Salmonella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Draft Risk Assessment of the Public Health Impact of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef AN - 17854015; 6120054 AB - An assessment of the risk of illness associated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef was drafted in 2001. The exposure assessment considers farm, slaughter, and preparation factors that influence the likelihood of humans consuming ground beef servings containing E. coli O157:H7 and the number of cells in a contaminated serving. Apparent seasonal differences in prevalence of cattle infected with E. coli O157:H7 corresponded to seasonal differences in human exposure. The model predicts that on average 0.018% of servings consumed during June through September and 0.007% of servings consumed during the remainder of the year are contaminated with one or more E. coli O157:H7 cells. This exposure risk is combined with the probability of illness given exposure (i.e., dose response) to estimate a U.S. population risk of illness of nearly one illness in each 1 million (9.6 x 10 super(-7)) servings of ground beef consumed. Uncertainty about this risk ranges from about 0.33 illness in every 1 million ground beef servings at the 5th percentile to about two illnesses in every 1 million ground beef servings at the 95th percentile. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Ebel, E AU - Schlosser, W AU - Kause, J AU - Orloski, K AU - Roberts, T AU - Narrod, C AU - Malcolm, S AU - Coleman, M AU - Powell, M AD - Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building B, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1991 EP - 1999 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - ground beef KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Risk Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Risk assessment KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Public health KW - Food processing industry KW - Escherichia coli KW - Slaughter KW - Seasonal variations KW - Abattoirs KW - Food contamination KW - Livestock KW - Cattle KW - USA KW - Beef KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17854015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Draft+Risk+Assessment+of+the+Public+Health+Impact+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+Ground+Beef&rft.au=Ebel%2C+E%3BSchlosser%2C+W%3BKause%2C+J%3BOrloski%2C+K%3BRoberts%2C+T%3BNarrod%2C+C%3BMalcolm%2C+S%3BColeman%2C+M%3BPowell%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ebel&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; USA; Seasonal variations; Food contamination; Abattoirs; Food processing industry; Public health; Cattle; Food-borne diseases; Livestock; Beef; Slaughter; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Description and Life History of an Unusual Fern-Feeding Tortricid Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Brazil AN - 17748987; 6051917 AB - Tortrimosaica polypodivora Brown & Baixeras, new genus and new species, is described and illustrated from Sao Paulo, Brazil. We also describe and illustrate the last instar and pupa and provide notes on the life history. Larvae of the new species are gall inducers on the stems of Microgramma squamulosa (Kauf.) Sota (Polypodiaceae), an unusual behavior and host for a tortricid. Although placed provisionally in Hilarographini, tribal and subfamilial assignment of the new genus is extremely problematic owing to a mosaic of morphological characters, suggesting placement in a variety of different higher taxa. The larvae have a bisetose L-group on the prothorax, and the pupa has multiple rows of spines near the anterior edge of the dorsum of abdominal segments 3-8; both of these characters previously have been reported in the Tortricidae only in Thaumatographa (Hilarographini). Although the gall-inducing habit of the new species is not unique within Tortricidae, it is highly unusual within nonolethreutine lineages. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Brown, J W AU - Baixeras, J AU - Solorzano-Filho, JA AU - Kraus, JE AD - Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, PSI, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560 Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 865 EP - 871 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Leaf rollers KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - New records KW - Geographical distribution KW - Host plants KW - Tortrimosaica polypodivora KW - Tortricidae KW - Life history KW - Brazil KW - New genera KW - New species KW - Z 05130:Lepidoptera KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17748987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Description+and+Life+History+of+an+Unusual+Fern-Feeding+Tortricid+Moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+from+Brazil&rft.au=Brown%2C+J+W%3BBaixeras%2C+J%3BSolorzano-Filho%2C+JA%3BKraus%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%290972.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=865 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tortricidae; Tortrimosaica polypodivora; Brazil; Life history; Host plants; New genera; New species; Geographical distribution; New records DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097<0865:DALHOA>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatiotemporal Variation in Antlion (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) Density and Impacts on Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Generalized Arthropod Foraging AN - 17745784; 6051924 AB - Antlion larvae that construct conical pits to capture prey may strongly affect foraging of ants and other arthropods, yet are usually abundant only in sheltered microhabitats. Larval antlion (Myrmeleon crudelis Walker) densities increased in exposed areas in central Texas in late summer and early autumn of 1998, presumably because of extended dry conditions. I conducted a study to quantify larval antlion pit densities in sheltered and exposed areas over time, and to examine the effect of variation in pit density on the foraging activity of ants and other arthropods. Isolated rainfall events decreased pit densities in exposed areas, sometimes to zero, but pit densities returned to high levels as the soil dried out. Pitfall traps at sheltered sites caught significantly fewer ants and other arthropods inside antlion zones (i.e., areas of high antlion density) than in adjacent areas without antlions. At exposed sites, pitfall traps caught significantly fewer ants in antlion zones when pits were present (dry conditions) than when they were absent (wet conditions); there was no significant difference in foraging outside the antlion zones in wet compared with dry conditions. Significantly fewer ants were caught inside antlion zones at sheltered sites (that were permanent) compared with exposed sites (that were transient), although pit densities were similar at both types of sites. Attraction of ants to baits revealed similar patterns. Spatiotemporal variation in antlion pit densities and the associated predation risk to ants and other arthropods may result in behavioral modifications of foraging patterns, higher mortality rates, or both. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Morrison, L W AD - Current address: Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 913 EP - 922 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Neuroptera KW - Antlions KW - Ants KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Foraging behavior KW - Spatial distribution KW - Myrmeleontidae KW - Formicidae KW - Myrmeleon crudelis KW - Predator-prey interactions KW - USA, Texas KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17745784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Spatiotemporal+Variation+in+Antlion+%28Neuroptera%3A+Myrmeleontidae%29+Density+and+Impacts+on+Ant+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+and+Generalized+Arthropod+Foraging&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%290972.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=913 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Myrmeleontidae; Formicidae; Myrmeleon crudelis; USA, Texas; Predator-prey interactions; Spatial distribution; Foraging behavior DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097<0913:SVIANM>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of constant and cyclical thermal regimes on growth and feeding of juvenile cutthroat trout of variable sizes AN - 17732691; 6011671 AB - The effects of constant (12, 18, and 24 degree C) and cyclical (daily variation of 15-21 and 12-24 degree C) thermal regimes on the growth and feeding of Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) of variable sizes were examined. Higher constant temperatures (i.e., 24 degree C) and more variable daily temperatures (i.e., 12-24 degree C daily cycle) negatively affected growth rates. As fish mass increased (from 0.24 to 15.52 g) the effects of different thermal regimes on mass growth became more pronounced. Following 14 days exposure to the thermal regimes, feeding rates of individual fish were assessed during acute exposure (40 min) to test temperatures of 12, 18, and 24 degree C. Feeding rate was depressed during acute exposure to 24 degree C, but was not significantly affected by the preceding thermal regime. Our results indicate that even brief daily exposure to higher temperatures (e.g., 24 degree C) can have considerable sublethal effects on cutthroat trout, and that fish size should be considered when examining the effects of temperature. JF - Ecology of Freshwater Fish AU - Meeuwig, M H AU - Dunham, J B AU - Hayes, J P AU - Vinyard, G L AD - Biological Resources Research Center University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Boise, ID, USA, Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA, mmeeuwig@montana.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 208 EP - 216 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0906-6691, 0906-6691 KW - Daily exposure KW - High temperature KW - Lahontan cutthroat trout KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth rate KW - Temperature effects KW - Juveniles KW - Diurnal variations KW - Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi KW - Limiting factors KW - Cultured organisms KW - Freshwater fish KW - Biomass KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Sublethal effects KW - Feeding behavior KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17732691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology+of+Freshwater+Fish&rft.atitle=Effects+of+constant+and+cyclical+thermal+regimes+on+growth+and+feeding+of+juvenile+cutthroat+trout+of+variable+sizes&rft.au=Meeuwig%2C+M+H%3BDunham%2C+J+B%3BHayes%2C+J+P%3BVinyard%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Meeuwig&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology+of+Freshwater+Fish&rft.issn=09066691&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0633.2004.00052.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Growth rate; Diurnal variations; Juveniles; Feeding behaviour; Sublethal effects; Cultured organisms; Limiting factors; Biomass; Freshwater fish; Feeding behavior; Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2004.00052.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of groundwater exchange in alpine lakes using non-steady mass- balance methods AN - 17730364; 5985215 AB - The role of groundwater in regulating the hydrology and chemistry of cirque lakes in the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness, Montana was investigated to assess the potential for adverse impacts from groundwater drainage stresses produced by proposed underground mining. Non-steady water budget and chemical mass-balances for Ca super(2+), K super(+), Mg super(2+), Na super(+), Cl super(-), delta super(2)H and delta super(18)O in conjunction with the Penman combination method to estimate evaporation were used to estimate groundwater inflow over 2-4 week time intervals during the ice-free seasons of 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002. Extreme seasonal fluctuations in solute and isotope content require the use of a non- steady approach. The degree of groundwater inflow differs widely between lakes ranging from negligible to direct communication with the local groundwater system. For lakes with groundwater inflow, a major portion of the solute load is contributed by groundwater compared to other inputs. The solute mass-balance method proved robust, yielding consistent groundwater inflow values for all lakes while success with stable isotopes was more limited. Mining induced disruptions in groundwater exchange could compromise the hydrologic and chemical balance of lakes with important subsurface water balance components. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Gurrieri, J T AU - Furniss, G AD - USDA Forest Service, Beaverhead-Deerlodge Nat. Forest, 1820 Meadowlark Lane, Butte, MT 59701, USA, jgurrieri@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 187 EP - 208 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 297 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water balance KW - Groundwater KW - Stable isotopes KW - Lakes KW - Mining KW - Evaporation KW - Surface water KW - Water budget KW - Hydrologic Budget KW - Groundwater-lake relationships KW - Groundwater discharge into lakes KW - Solutes KW - Ground water KW - Hydrology KW - Seasonal variability KW - USA, Montana KW - Subsurface Water KW - Water balance components KW - Drainage KW - Oxygen isotopes KW - Stable Isotopes KW - Surface-groundwater Relations KW - Evaporation estimation KW - Oxygen isotope ratio KW - Subsurface water KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 556.3.07:Equipment, apparatus, models, etc. (556.3.07) KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - M2 556.555.3:Inflow and outflow (556.555.3) KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17730364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+groundwater+exchange+in+alpine+lakes+using+non-steady+mass-+balance+methods&rft.au=Gurrieri%2C+J+T%3BFurniss%2C+G&rft.aulast=Gurrieri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=297&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2004.04.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solutes; Lakes; Water budget; Surface water; Ground water; Hydrology; Oxygen isotope ratio; Subsurface water; Oxygen isotopes; Groundwater discharge into lakes; Water balance components; Drainage; Evaporation estimation; Seasonal variability; Groundwater-lake relationships; Subsurface Water; Stable Isotopes; Surface-groundwater Relations; Evaporation; Hydrologic Budget; Groundwater; USA, Montana DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.04.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and optimization of microsatellite DNA primers for boreal owls (Aegolius funereus ) AN - 17709991; 6012560 AB - We developed 22 microsatellite loci for boreal owls (Aegolius funereus). We genotyped 275 unrelated boreal owls (Aegolius f. richardsoni) and 36 unrelated Tengmalm's owls (Aegolius f. funereus) using seven loci that were polymorphic and did not have detectable null alleles. Among North American and Scandinavian boreal owls, respectively, allelic diversity ranged from three to 11 alleles and from one to 11 alleles, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.31 to 0.80 and from 0.00 to 0.81, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.28 to 0.81 and from 0.00 to 0.81. These markers appeared to amplify DNA in six other Strigidae species. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Koopman, ME AU - Schable, NA AU - Glenn, T C AD - Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071-3971, koopman@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 376 EP - 378 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Boreal owl KW - Typical owls KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Genotyping KW - Microsatellites KW - heterozygosity KW - Genetic markers KW - Aegolius funereus KW - Primers KW - Strigidae KW - D 04671:Birds KW - G 07377:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17709991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Development+and+optimization+of+microsatellite+DNA+primers+for+boreal+owls+%28Aegolius+funereus+%29&rft.au=Koopman%2C+ME%3BSchable%2C+NA%3BGlenn%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Koopman&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1471-8286.2004.00658.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aegolius funereus; Strigidae; Microsatellites; heterozygosity; Genetic markers; Genotyping; Primers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00658.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of VNTR markers for two Fusarium graminearum clade species AN - 17709685; 6012589 AB - Using a bioinformatics approach, we developed 10 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers for Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium asiaticum useful for population genetic studies. Repeat sequences in the genome sequence of F. graminearum were identified by a tandem repeat finding program. Length polymorphisms at 54 loci were examined for five strains each from the United States, Italy and China. From these 54 loci, 10 were selected based on polymorphisms detected across species, ease of scoring, and their dispersed location in the genome. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Suga, H AU - Gale, L R AU - Kistler, H C AD - Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193 Japan, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, 1551 Lindig Street, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, suga@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 468 EP - 470 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Fusarium graminearum KW - Population genetics KW - Computer programs KW - Fusarium asiaticum KW - Primers KW - Bioinformatics KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - G 07290:Population genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17709685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Development+of+VNTR+markers+for+two+Fusarium+graminearum+clade+species&rft.au=Suga%2C+H%3BGale%2C+L+R%3BKistler%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Suga&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=468&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1471-8286.2004.00703.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium asiaticum; Genomes; Bioinformatics; Computer programs; Population genetics; Nucleotide sequence; Primers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00703.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein in Xylella fastidiosa Is Affected by Passage Through Host Plants AN - 17704315; 6018686 AB - Xylella fastidiosa, a Gram-negative bacterial plant pathogen, causes Pierce's disease of grapevine in North America. In South America the pathogen causes citrus variegated chlorosis, which is widespread in Brazil. We have introduced into Xylella fastidiosa a mini-Tn5 transposon that encodes a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene optimized for expression in bacteria. The mini-Tn5 derivative was inserted into different sites of the genome in independent transconjugants as determined by Southern blotting. The GFP gene was expressed well and to different levels in different transconjugants. Four independent transconjugants were separately used to inoculate sweet orange and tobacco seedlings. The transconjugants were able to colonize the plants and were subsequently isolated from points distal to the inoculation sites. When the relative fluorescence of the transconjugants that had been passed through either tobacco or sweet orange was compared with that of the same transconjugant maintained continuously in vitro, we observed that passage through either plant host significantly increased the level of expression of the GFP. The increased level of expression of GFP was transient, and was lost upon further culture in vitro. Xylella fastidiosa forms biofilms in planta which are believed to represent a metabolically differentiated state. The increased expression of GFP observed after passage through plants may be accounted for by this phenomenon. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Qin, X AU - Hartung, J S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fruit Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland, United States Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 215 EP - 220 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Citrus KW - GFP gene KW - Southern blotting KW - Plant diseases KW - Pierce's disease KW - Citrus variegated chlorosis KW - Host plants KW - Gene expression KW - Transposons KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - Inoculation KW - Seedlings KW - Biofilms KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17704315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+Green+Fluorescent+Protein+in+Xylella+fastidiosa+Is+Affected+by+Passage+Through+Host+Plants&rft.au=Qin%2C+X%3BHartung%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Qin&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-004-4345-0 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00284/bibs/4049003/40490215.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transposons; Gene expression; Southern blotting; GFP gene; Plant diseases; Citrus variegated chlorosis; Pierce's disease; Inoculation; Seedlings; Biofilms; Host plants; Citrus; Xylella fastidiosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-004-4345-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semiochemistry of the Goldeneyed Lacewing Chrysopa oculata: Attraction of Males to a Male-Produced Pheromone AN - 17703814; 6055771 AB - Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) experiments showed that antennae of males and females of the goldeneyed lacewing, Chrysopa oculata Say (Co. = Chrysopa), consistently responded to four compounds extracted from the abdominal cuticle of males: nonanal, nonanol, nonanoic acid, and (1R*,2S*,5R*,8R*)-iridodial. These compounds were not detected from abdominal cuticle of females. Thoracic extracts of both sexes contained antennal-stimulatory 1-tridecene and EAD-inactive skatole. Chrysopa oculata adults were most sensitive to (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial standard at an EAD-response threshold between 0.1 and 1 pg, which was 10-100 times lower than thresholds for nonanal and nonanoic acid, and up to 10,000 times lower than thresholds for other compounds tested. A similar EAD response pattern was also found in another Chrysopa sp. (Co. quadripunctata Burmeister). In field-trapping experiments, (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial was the only male-specific compound that attracted Co. oculata males. Males also were weakly attracted to (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol (an aphid sex pheromone component), probably due to the 5% (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial present in the synthetic sample as an impurity. A herbivore-induced plant volatile, methyl salicylate, increased attraction of males to (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial, whereas 1-tridecene was antagonistic. No females were caught in the entire study. Scanning electron micrographs revealed numerous male-specific, elliptical epidermal glands on the 3rd-8th abdominal sternites of Co. oculata, which are likely the pheromone glands. Another lacewing species, Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) (Cl. = Chrysoperla), did not produce male-specific volatiles or possess the type of gland presumed to produce pheromone in Co. oculata males, but (Z)-4-tridecene was identified as a major antennal-stimulatory compound from thoracic extracts of both sexes of Cl. rufilabris. Thus, (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial (or its enantiomer) is now identified as a male-produced male aggregation pheromone for Co. oculata, the first pheromone identified for lacewings. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Zhang, Q AU - Chauhan, K R AU - Erbe, E F AU - Vellore, A R AU - Aldrich, J R AD - USDA-ARS Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, B-007, BARC-West Beltsville Maryland 20705, USA. Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park Maryland 20742, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1849 EP - 1870 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 30 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Neroptera KW - Green lacewings KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aggregation pheromone KW - Electroantennograms KW - Chrysopa oculata KW - Chrysopidae KW - Volatiles KW - Semiochemicals KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - Z 05166:Sense-organs & senses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17703814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Semiochemistry+of+the+Goldeneyed+Lacewing+Chrysopa+oculata%3A+Attraction+of+Males+to+a+Male-Produced+Pheromone&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Q%3BChauhan%2C+K+R%3BErbe%2C+E+F%3BVellore%2C+A+R%3BAldrich%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOEC.0000042406.76705.ab LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysopidae; Chrysopa oculata; Semiochemicals; Electroantennograms; Aggregation pheromone; Volatiles DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000042406.76705.ab ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Capture of Northern and Western Corn Rootworm Beetles Relative to Attractant Structure and Volatility AN - 17703334; 6055768 AB - We used field assays to study attraction of feral northern and western corn rootworm beetles (Diabrotica barberi and D. virgifera virgifera) to a series of mostly nitrogenous and benzenoid synthetic compounds allied with host plant and floral aromas. Vaporization rates were obtained for most field-tested compounds and selected additional lures under both ideal and field-representative, but constant, conditions. Although many test compounds showed at least trace activity for one or both species, methyl benzoate and some of its derivatives, notably methyl anthranilate and methyl 4-methoxybenzoate, merited emphasis as effective new lures for females. Structural alteration of methyl benzoate had consistently negative effects on northern corn rootworm captures despite variable effects on release rate, whereas western corn rootworm was more strongly attracted to methyl anthranilate and methyl 4-methoxybenzoate than to the considerably more volatile parent compound. Phenylacetaldoxime was attractive to females of both species, but no more so than syn-benzaldoxime, included as reference. Release rate was disproportionately low for benzaldoxime, as well as other nitrogenous lures, under field compared with ideal conditions. The attractiveness of salicylaldoxime to northern corn rootworm, despite its low field release rate, and the unattractiveness of methyl salicylate, having a methyl ester in place of the oxime group, similarly highlighted importance of the oxime moiety for reactivity of this species. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Hammack, L AU - Petroski, R J AD - USDA-ARS Northern Grain Insects Research Laboratory, 2923 Medary Ave., Brookings, South Dakota 57006, USA, lhammack@ngirl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1809 EP - 1825 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 30 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Coleoptera KW - Northern Corn Rootworm KW - Leaf beetles KW - Western Corn Rootworm KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pheromone traps KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - Volatiles KW - Plant extracts KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17703334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Field+Capture+of+Northern+and+Western+Corn+Rootworm+Beetles+Relative+to+Attractant+Structure+and+Volatility&rft.au=Hammack%2C+L%3BPetroski%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOEC.0000042403.88930.a7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Chrysomelidae; Volatiles; Plant extracts; Pheromone traps DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000042403.88930.a7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infrared surface pasteurization of Turkey frankfurters AN - 17655583; 6492188 AB - A new intervention method has been developed using infrared heating to pasteurize the surface of turkey frankfurters contaminated with potentially fatal Listeria monocytogenes prior to final packaging. A laboratory infrared heating device was constructed to treat turkey frankfurters coated with approximately 10 super(6-7) cells/cm super(2) of a four-strain mixture of freshly prepared L. monocytogenes. The surface temperature of frankfurters was increased from refrigerated conditions to a final temperature of 70, 75 and 80 degree C, achieving an average of 3.5 plus or minus 0.4, 4.3 plus or minus 0.4 and 4.5 plus or minus 0.2 (mean plus or minus S.E.) log-reductions in bacterial counts. No noticeable physical damage to the heat-treated samples was observed. Although the heat-treated samples were slightly browner than the control by visual observation, the measured color attributes (L*, a* and b*) were not significantly different from the control after a few hours of refrigerated storage. Experimental results of this study suggested that infrared surface pasteurization potentially could be use as an intervention technology to kill L. monocytogenes contaminated on the surface of frankfurters immediately prior to final packaging and reduce the risk of foodborne listeriosis caused by these products. JF - Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies AU - Huang, L AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 345 EP - 351 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1466-8564, 1466-8564 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17655583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Innovative+Food+Science+and+Emerging+Technologies&rft.atitle=Infrared+surface+pasteurization+of+Turkey+frankfurters&rft.au=Huang%2C+L&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Innovative+Food+Science+and+Emerging+Technologies&rft.issn=14668564&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ifset.2004.03.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2004.03.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation kinetics and application of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as a time-temperature indicator of lethality for continuous pasteurization of apple cider AN - 17643572; 6492187 AB - The formation kinetics for HMF were determined to validate the total lethality of a continuous flow microwave pasteurization system for apple cider. Kinetics parameters for the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) were determined for a model apple cider solution (10 degree brix and pH of 3.8) at 25, 40, 60, and 80 degree C and asparagine concentrations of 5 and 10 mM using a bioreactor with temperature and pH control. The kinetics for HMF formation was shown to follow an apparent zero-order reaction with an activation energy of 27.3 kJ/mol. These kinetic parameters were then used to estimate the formation of HMF concentrations in apple cider based on time-temperature profiles needed to achieve a 5-log reduction of Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Calculated HMF formation, 1.56 ppm for the microwave pasteurization system and 1.19 ppm for the conventional system, compared well with measured HMF formation, 1.57 ppm for the mocorwave pasteurization system and 1.2 ppm for the conventional pasteurization system. JF - Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies AU - Gentry, T S AU - Roberts, J S AD - Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, U.S.D.A., USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 327 EP - 333 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1466-8564, 1466-8564 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17643572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Innovative+Food+Science+and+Emerging+Technologies&rft.atitle=Formation+kinetics+and+application+of+5-hydroxymethylfurfural+as+a+time-temperature+indicator+of+lethality+for+continuous+pasteurization+of+apple+cider&rft.au=Gentry%2C+T+S%3BRoberts%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Gentry&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Innovative+Food+Science+and+Emerging+Technologies&rft.issn=14668564&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ifset.2004.03.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2004.03.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recognizing and Overcoming Difficult Site Conditions for Afforestation of Bottomland Hardwoods AN - 17604727; 6038361 AB - Restoring bottomland hardwoods requires attention to site conditions, matching tree species to the site, and controlling weeds and herbivores in order to achieve success. We believe that the recurring problems in operational plantings on private lands are due in part to the failure of planters to recognize adverse site conditions and their failure to use appropriate methods for overcoming site limitations. Our objectives in this paper are to synthesize research and experience into guidelines for recognizing adverse site conditions due to hydroperiod, soil, competing vegetation, and herbivory. We describe techniques for overcoming these conditions and suggest promising research areas. JF - Ecological Restoration AU - Stanturf, JA AU - Conner, W H AU - Gardiner, E S AU - Schweitzer, C J AU - Ezell, A W AD - USDA Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30606, USA, jstanturf@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 183 EP - 193 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 1522-4740, 1522-4740 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17604727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Restoration&rft.atitle=Recognizing+and+Overcoming+Difficult+Site+Conditions+for+Afforestation+of+Bottomland+Hardwoods&rft.au=Stanturf%2C+JA%3BConner%2C+W+H%3BGardiner%2C+E+S%3BSchweitzer%2C+C+J%3BEzell%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Stanturf&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Restoration&rft.issn=15224740&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on World Agriculture, Food Consumption, and Economic Welfare AN - 17592331; 6083725 AB - Because of many uncertainties, quantitative estimates of agriculturally related economic impacts of greenhouse gas emissions are often given low confidence. A major source of uncertainty is our inability to accurately project future changes in economic activity, emissions, and climate. This paper focuses on two issues. First, to what extent do variable projections of climate generate uncertainty in agriculturally related economic impacts? Second, to what extent do agriculturally related economic impacts of greenhouse gas emissions depend on economic conditions at the time of impacts? Results indicate that uncertainty due to variable projections of climate is fairly large for most of the economic effects evaluated in this analysis. Results also indicate that economic conditions at the time of impact influence the direction and size of as well as the confidence in the economic effects of identical projections of greenhouse gas impacts. The economic variable that behaves most consistently in this analysis is world crop production. Increases in mean global temperature, for example, cause world crop production to decrease on average under both 1990 and improved economic conditions and in both instances the confidence with respect to variable projections of climate is medium (e.g., 67%) or greater. In addition and as expected, CO sub(2) fertilization causes world crop production to increase on average under 1990 and improved economic conditions. These results suggest that crop production may be a fairly robust indicator of the potential impacts of greenhouse gas emissions. A somewhat unexpected finding is that improved economic conditions are not necessarily a panacea to potential greenhouse-gas-induced damages, particularly at the region level. In fact, in some regions, impacts of climate change or CO sub(2) fertilization that are beneficial under current economic conditions may be detrimental under improved economic conditions (relative to the new economic base). Australia plus New Zealand suffer from this effect in this analysis because under improved economic conditions they are assumed to obtain a relatively large share of income from agricultural exports. When the climate-change and CO sub(2)-fertilization scenarios in this analysis are also included, agricultural exports from Australia plus New Zealand decline on average. The resultant declines in agricultural income in Australia plus New Zealand are too large to be completely offset by rising incomes in other sectors. This indicates that regions that rely on agricultural exports for relatively large shares of their income may be vulnerable not only to direct climate-induced agricultural damages, but also to positive impacts induced by greenhouse gas emissions elsewhere. JF - Climatic Change AU - Darwin, R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1800 M Street, NW, Room 4180, Washington, D.C. 20036-5831, U.S.A., rdarwin@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 191 EP - 238 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 66 IS - 1-2 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - M3 1230:Sustainable Production KW - M2 551.588:Environmental Influences (551.588) KW - M2 551.586:Biometeorology and Bioclimatology (551.586) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17592331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+on+World+Agriculture%2C+Food+Consumption%2C+and+Economic+Welfare&rft.au=Darwin%2C+R&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ACLIM.0000043138.67784.27 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:CLIM.0000043138.67784.27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibacterial Activities of Plant Essential Oils and Their Components against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in Apple Juice AN - 17502340; 6384885 AB - We evaluated 17 plant essential oils and nine oil compounds for antibacterial activity against the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in apple juices in a bactericidal assay in terms of % of the sample that resulted in a 50% decrease in the number of bacteria (BA sub(50)). The 10 compounds most active against E. coli (60 min BA sub(50) range in clear juice, 0.018-0.093%) were carvacrol, oregano oil, geraniol, eugenol, cinnamon leaf oil, citral, clove bud oil, lemongrass oil, cinnamon bark oil, and lemon oil. The corresponding compounds against S. enterica (BA sub(50) range, 0.0044-0.011%) were Melissa oil, carvacrol, oregano oil, terpeineol, geraniol, lemon oil, citral, lemongrass oil, cinnamon leaf oil, and linalool. The activity (i) was greater for S. enterica than for E. coli, (ii) increased with incubation temperature and storage time, and (iii) was not affected by the acidity of the juices. The antibacterial agents could be divided into two classes: fast-acting and slow-acting. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the bactericidal results are related to the composition of the oils. These studies provide information about new ways to protect apple juice and other foods against human pathogens. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Friedman, M AU - Henika, PR AU - Levin, CE AU - Mandrell, R E AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 6042 EP - 6048 VL - 52 IS - 19 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - antibacterial agents KW - essential oils KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Antibacterial activity KW - Linalool KW - citral KW - Juices KW - Escherichia coli KW - eugenol KW - Acidity KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Temperature effects KW - Carvacrol KW - Bacteria KW - geraniol KW - cinnamon KW - Temperature KW - Leaves KW - Bark KW - Pathogens KW - Food contamination KW - Storage KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Essential oils KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - A 01042:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal agents KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17502340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Antibacterial+Activities+of+Plant+Essential+Oils+and+Their+Components+against+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+Salmonella+enterica+in+Apple+Juice&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M%3BHenika%2C+PR%3BLevin%2C+CE%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=6042&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf0495340 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carvacrol; High-performance liquid chromatography; Temperature effects; geraniol; cinnamon; Antibacterial activity; Linalool; citral; Juices; Leaves; Bark; Pathogens; Essential oils; eugenol; Antibacterial agents; Acidity; Storage; Bacteria; Liquid chromatography; Temperature; Food contamination; Salmonella enterica; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0495340 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sulfosulfuron effects on growth and photosynthesis of 15 range grasses AN - 17427974; 6212102 AB - We conducted greenhouse experiments to compare photosynthetic and growth responses of 2 invasive annual grasses (downy brome = Bromus tectorum L. and medusahead = Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) [Nevski]), 6 caespitose grasses, and 7 rhizomatous grasses to the herbicide sulfosulfuron (1-(2-ethylsulfonylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dime t hoxypyrimidin-2-yl)urea). Our objectives were to identify general patterns of species responsiveness and test the hypothesis that sulfosulfuron induced reduction in photosynthetic activity and shoot growth would be more pronounced in small relative to larger plants. Small plants in a spring experiment and large plants in a summer experiment were treated with sulfosulfuron (70 g ai ha super(-1)). Wildryes and bromes were consistently injured; whereas, 5 of the 7 wheatgrasses were not susceptible to sulfosulfuron. Rhizomatous grasses generally experienced greater damage from sulfosulfuron than caespitose grasses. These results suggest that sulfosulfuron would provide a useful rangeland management tool to control unwanted invasive annual grasses without significantly hindering growth and physiology of desirable rangeland grasses.Original Abstract: Condujimos experimentos en invernadero para comparar las respuestas fotosinteticas y de crecimiento de dos zacates anuales invasores ('Downy brome' = Bromus tectorum L. y' Medusahead' = Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) [Nevski]), 6 zacates cespitosos y 7 zacates rizomatosos a la aplicacion del herbicida sulfosulfuron (1-(2-ethylsulfonylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dime t hoxypyrimidin-2-yl)urea). Nuestros objetivos fueron identificar patrones generales de respuesta de las especies y probar la hipotesis de que el sulfosulfuron indujo una reduccion de la actividad fotosintetica y que el crecimiento de los tallos seria mas pronunciado en plantas pequenas en relacion a plantas grandes. Las plantas pequenas se trataron con sulfosulfuron (70 g ai ha super(-1)) en un experimento realizado en primavera y las grandes en uno efectuado en verano. 'Wildryes' y 'Bromes' fueron consistentemente danados, mientras que 5 de los 7 'Wheatgrasses' no fueron susceptibles al sulfosulfuron. Los zacates rizomatosos generalmente experimentaron mas dano por el sulfosulfuron que los zacates cespitosos. Estos resultados sugieren que el sulfosulfuron podria ser una herramienta util de manejo de pastizales para controlar las especies invasoras no deseadas de zacates anuales sin afectar significativamente el crecimiento y fisiologia de los zacates deseables del pastizal. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Monaco, T A AU - Creech, JE AD - Ecologist, USDA-ARS Forage and Range Research Lab., Utah State Univ., Logan, Ut. 84322-6300 Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 490 EP - 496 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Shoots KW - Photosynthesis KW - Grasses KW - Bromus tectorum KW - Taeniatherum caput-medusae KW - Herbicides KW - Range management KW - Greenhouses KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17427974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Sulfosulfuron+effects+on+growth+and+photosynthesis+of+15+range+grasses&rft.au=Monaco%2C+T+A%3BCreech%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Monaco&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=490&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%29057%5C2.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=490 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shoots; Photosynthesis; Grasses; Herbicides; Range management; Greenhouses; Taeniatherum caput-medusae; Bromus tectorum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057\[0490:SEOGAP\]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canopy spectra of giant reed and associated vegetation AN - 17421797; 6212112 AB - This paper describes the spectral light reflectance characteristics of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) and the application of aerial color-infrared photography and videography for distinguishing infestations of this invasive plant species in Texas riparian areas. Airborne videography was integrated with global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies for mapping the distribution of giant reed. Field spectral measurements showed that giant reed had higher near-infrared reflectance than associated plant species in summer and fall. Giant reed had a conspicuous pink image response on the color-infrared photography and videography. This allowed infestations to be quantified using computer analysis of the photographic and videographic images. Accuracy assessments performed on the classified images had user's and producer's accuracies for giant reed that ranged from 78% to 100%. Integration of the GPS with the video imagery permitted latitude-longitude coordinates of giant reed infestations to be recorded on each image. A long stretch of the Rio Grande in southwest and west Texas was flown with the photographic and video systems to detect giant reed infestations. The GPS coordinates on the color-infrared video scenes depicting giant reed infestations were entered into a GIS to map the distribution of this invasive weed along the Rio Grande.Original Abstract: Este articulo describe las caracteristicas de reflectancia espectral de la luz del 'Giant reed' (Arundo donax L.) y la aplicacion de la fotografia aerea de color-infrarroja y la videografia para distinguir infestaciones de esta especie vegetal invasora de las areas riberenas de Texas. La videografia aerea se integro con tecnologias de sistemas de posicionamiento global (GPS) y sistemas de informacion geografica (GIS) para mapear la distribucion del 'Giant reed'. Mediciones espectrales de campo mostraron que el 'Giant reed' tiene una mayor reflectancia de infrarroja- cercana que las plantas asociadas en verano y otono. El 'Giant reed' tuvo una imagen conspicuamente rosa en la fotografia de color-infrarroja y la videografia. Esto permitio cuantificar las infestaciones utilizando analisis por computadora de las imagenes de fotografia y videograficas. Evaluaciones de certeza realizadas en las imagenes clasificadas produjeron certezas del usuario y productor para el 'Giant reed' que variaron del 78 al 100%. La integracion de GPS con las imagenes de video permitio registrar en cada imagen las coordenadas de latitud-longitud de las infestaciones del 'Giant reed'. Una larga extension del Rio Grande en el suroeste y oeste de Texas fue sobrevolada con sistemas de fotografia y video para detectar infestaciones de 'Giant reed'. Las coordenadas de GPS en las escenas de color-infrarrojo representando las infestaciones de 'Giant reed' fueron introducidas al sistema de informacion geografica (GIS) para mapear la distribucion de esta maleza invasora a lo largo del Rio Grande. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Everitt, J AU - Yang, C AU - Alaniz, M AU - Davis, M AU - Nibling, F AU - Deloach, C AD - Range Scientist, USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, Tex. 78596 Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 561 EP - 569 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Weeds KW - Infestation KW - Reflectance KW - Arundo donax KW - USA, Texas KW - Geographic information systems KW - Canopies KW - Mapping KW - Range management KW - Photography KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17421797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Canopy+spectra+of+giant+reed+and+associated+vegetation&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J%3BYang%2C+C%3BAlaniz%2C+M%3BDavis%2C+M%3BNibling%2C+F%3BDeloach%2C+C&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%29057%5C2.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=561 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weeds; Infestation; Reflectance; Mapping; Canopies; Geographic information systems; Photography; Range management; Arundo donax; USA, Texas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057\[0561:CSOGRA\]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Germination of seeds of Tamarix Ramosissima AN - 17421758; 6212100 AB - The germination of seeds of saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) was compared at a wide range of constant or alternating temperatures from 0 through 40 degree C. Germination temperature profiles were developed for seeds of saltcedar collected from the Walker River Delta in western Nevada over a 3 year period. Germination occurred over a wide range of temperatures. For 2 of the 3 years of testing, maximum germination observed was 98 or 100%, indicating the seed lots were highly viable. Germination ranged from 0 to 6% at very cold seedbed temperatures, but jumped to 39 to 43% at cold seedbed temperatures. There was very little difference in germination between moderate and warmer seedbed temperatures. No single temperature always supported optimum germination. The temperatures that most frequently supported optima were 10/20 (10 degree C for 16 hours and 20 degree C for 8 hours in each 24 hour period), 10/25, 15/20, and 35 degree C. Mid summer collections of saltcedar seeds were much more variable in germination response compared to annually repeated late spring collections from the Walker River Delta. Available soil moisture apparently is an important factor in the germinability of saltcedar seeds collected in mid summer. Temperature regimes that supported optimum germination for the Walker River Delta accession of seed collected in mid summer, tended to occur at higher temperatures than for seeds collected from the same stand in late spring. Comparison of the saltcedar profile with germination temperature profiles of seeds of tree willow (Salix lutea Nutt.), coyote willow (S. exigua Nutt.), or Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii S. Watson) revealed that germination of saltcedar seeds was equal in the number of regimes with some germination, mean of optima, and maximum observed germination. For all other germination characteristics measured, saltcedar is lower and sometimes distinctly lower than for seeds of the native woody species.Original Abstract: La germinacion de semillas de 'Saltcedar' (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) se comparo en un amplio rango de temperaturas constantes o alternantes de 0 a 40 degree C. Se desarrollaron perfiles de temperatura de germinacion de semillas de 'Saltcedar' colectadas durante 3 anos del Delta del Rio Walker en el oeste de Nevada. La germinacion ocurrio en un amplio rango de temperaturas. En 2 de los 3 anos de prueba la germinacion maxima observada fue de 98 o 100%, indicando que los lotes de semilla fueron altamente viables. La germinacion vario de 0 a 6% en temperaturas muy frias de la cama de siembra y subio a 39 - 43% en las temperaturas frias de la cama de siembra. Hubo muy poca diferencia en germinacion entre las temperaturas moderadas y tibias de la cama de siembra. Ninguna temperatura en particular sostuvo una germinacion optima. Las temperaturas que mas frecuentemente sostuvieron una germinacion optima fueron: 10/20 (10 degree C por 16 horas y 20 degree C por 8 horas en cada periodo de 24 horas.), 10/25, 15/20 y 3 degree C. Las colectas de semillas de 'Saltcedar' de mediados del verano fueron mucho mas variables en la respuesta de germinacion en comparacion con las colectadas a fines de primavera en la Delta del Rio Walker. La humedad disponible del suelo aparentemente es un factor importante en la germinabilidad de las semillas de 'Saltcedar' colectadas a mediados de verano. Los regimenes de temperatura que sostuvieron una germinacion optima de las semillas colectadas a mediados de verano en el Delta del Rio Walker tendieron a ocurrir en temperaturas mas altas que para las semillas colectadas en la misma poblacion de 'Saltcedar' a fines de primavera. La comparacion del perfil de germinacion del 'Saltcedar' con los perfiles de temperatura de germinacion de semillas de 'Tree willow' (Salix lutea Nutt.), 'Coyote willow' (S. exigua Nutt.) o 'Fremont cottonwood' (Populus fremontii S. Watson) revelaron que la germinacion de semillas de 'Saltcedar' fue igual en el numero de regimenes con algo de germinacion, media de las germinacion optima y maxima observada. Para todas las otras caracteristicas de germinacion medidas el 'Saltcedar' esta abajo y algunas veces distintivamente mas bajo que las especies nativas de plantas lenosas. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Young, JA AU - Clements, C D AU - Harmon, D AD - Rangeland Scientists and Graduate Student Research Assistant, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 920 Valley Road, Reno, Nev. 89512, jayoung@scs.unr.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 475 EP - 481 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Fremont cottonwood KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Rivers KW - Trees KW - Seed germination KW - Salix lutea KW - Soil moisture KW - Tamarix ramosissima KW - Range management KW - Populus fremontii KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17421758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Germination+of+seeds+of+Tamarix+Ramosissima&rft.au=Young%2C+JA%3BClements%2C+C+D%3BHarmon%2C+D&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%29057%5C2.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=475 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Temperature effects; Trees; Seed germination; Soil moisture; Range management; Salix lutea; Tamarix ramosissima; Populus fremontii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057\[0475:GOSOTR\]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stem wood properties of Populus tremuloides , Betula papyrifera and Acer saccharum saplings after 3 years of treatments to elevated carbon dioxide and ozone AN - 17292569; 6012346 AB - The aim of this study was to examine the effects of elevated carbon dioxide [CO sub(2)] and ozone [O sub(3)] and their interaction on wood chemistry and anatomy of five clones of 3-year-old trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Wood chemistry was studied also on paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedling-origin saplings of the same age. Material for the study was collected from the Aspen Free-Air CO sub(2) Enrichment (FACE) experiment in Rhinelander, WI, USA, where the saplings had been exposed to four treatments: control (C; ambient CO sub(2), ambient O sub(3)), elevated CO sub(2) (560 ppm during daylight hours), elevated O sub(3) (1.5 x ambient during daylight hours) and their combination (CO sub(2)+O sub(3)) for three growing seasons (1998-2000). Wood chemistry responses to the elevated CO sub(2) and O sub(3) treatments differed between species. Aspen was most responsive, while maple was the least responsive of the three tree species. Aspen genotype affected the responses of wood chemistry and, to some extent, wood structure to the treatments. The lignin concentration increased under elevated O sub(3) in four clones of aspen and in birch. However, elevated CO sub(2) ameliorated the effect. In two aspen clones, nitrogen in wood samples decreased under combined exposure to CO sub(2) and O sub(3). Soluble sugar concentration in one aspen clone and starch concentration in two clones were increased by elevated CO sub(2). In aspen wood, alpha -cellulose concentration changed under elevated CO sub(2), decreasing under ambient O sub(3) and slightly increasing under elevated O sub(3). Hemicellulose concentration in birch was decreased by elevated CO sub(2) and increased by elevated O sub(3). In aspen, elevated O sub(3) induced statistically significant reductions in distance from the pith to the bark and vessel lumen diameter, as well as increased wall thickness and wall percentage, and in one clone, decreased fibre lumen diameter. Our results show that juvenile wood properties of broadleaves, depending on species and genotype, were altered by atmospheric gas concentrations predicted for the year 2050 and that CO sub(2) ameliorates some adverse effects of elevated O sub(3) on wood chemistry. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Kaakinen, S AU - Kostiainen, K AU - Ek, F AU - Saranpaeae, P AU - Kubiske, ME AU - Sober, J AU - Karnosky, D F AU - Vapaavuori, E AD - Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki Research Station, Juntintie 154, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Centre, PO Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland, USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA, seija.kaakinen@metla.fi Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1513 EP - 1525 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 9 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Clones KW - Acer saccharum KW - Environmental impact KW - Bark KW - Marshes KW - Genotypes KW - Starch KW - Betula papyrifera KW - Anatomy KW - USA KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Populus tremuloides KW - Side effects KW - Nitrogen KW - Ozone KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17292569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Stem+wood+properties+of+Populus+tremuloides+%2C+Betula+papyrifera+and+Acer+saccharum+saplings+after+3+years+of+treatments+to+elevated+carbon+dioxide+and+ozone&rft.au=Kaakinen%2C+S%3BKostiainen%2C+K%3BEk%2C+F%3BSaranpaeae%2C+P%3BKubiske%2C+ME%3BSober%2C+J%3BKarnosky%2C+D+F%3BVapaavuori%2C+E&rft.aulast=Kaakinen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2486.2004.00814.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clones; Atmospheric chemistry; Environmental impact; Genotypes; Marshes; Starch; Carbon dioxide; Anatomy; Ozone; Bark; Side effects; Nitrogen; Acer saccharum; Betula papyrifera; Populus tremuloides; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00814.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aquatic selenium pollution is a global environmental safety issue AN - 17288312; 6046092 AB - Selenium pollution is a worldwide phenomenon and is associated with a broad spectrum of human activities, ranging from the most basic agricultural practices to the most high-tech industrial processes. Consequently, selenium contamination of aquatic habitats can take place in urban, suburban, and rural settings alike-from mountains to plains, from deserts to rainforests, and from the Arctic to the tropics. Human activities that increase waterborne concentrations of selenium are on the rise and the threat of widespread impacts to aquatic life is greater than ever before. Important sources of selenium contamination in aquatic habitats are often overlooked by environmental biologists and ecological risk assessors due to preoccupation with other, higher priority pollutants, yet selenium may pose the most serious long-term risk to aquatic habitats and fishery resources. Failure to include selenium in the list of constituents measured in contaminant screening/monitoring programs is a major mistake, both from the hazard assessment aspect and from the pollution control aspect. Once selenium contamination begins, a cascade of bioaccumulation events is set into motion which makes meaningful intervention nearly impossible. However, this cascade of events need not happen if adequate foresight and planning are exercised. Early evaluation and action are key. Prudent risk management based on environmentally sound hazard assessment and water quality goals can prevent biological impacts. JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety AU - Lemly, AD AD - United States Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, 1650 Ramble Road, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 44 EP - 56 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Contamination KW - Man-induced effects KW - Water quality KW - Mountains KW - Rain forests KW - Agricultural practices KW - Fishery management KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Sound KW - Aquatic Life KW - Safety KW - Environmental impact KW - Habitat KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Water management KW - Contaminants KW - Hazard assessment KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Pollution effects KW - Fishery resources KW - Hazards KW - Long-term planning KW - Selenium KW - Industrial wastes KW - Assessments KW - Pollutants KW - Fisheries KW - Pollution KW - Urban areas KW - Screening KW - Environmental assessment KW - PN, Arctic KW - Risk KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Deserts KW - Rural areas KW - Pollution control KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17288312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.atitle=Aquatic+selenium+pollution+is+a+global+environmental+safety+issue&rft.au=Lemly%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0147-6513%2803%2900095-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Screening; Pollution monitoring; Environmental assessment; Agricultural pollution; Pollution effects; Man-induced effects; Habitat; Water quality; Fishery resources; Selenium; Long-term planning; Industrial wastes; Bioaccumulation; Pollutants; Ecotoxicology; Fishery management; Water management; Deserts; Hazard assessment; Pollution control; Contamination; Mountains; Agricultural practices; Rain forests; Fisheries; Sound; Contaminants; Pollution; Environmental impact; Rural areas; Urban areas; Hazards; Risk; Assessments; Aquatic Habitats; Aquatic Life; Safety; PN, Arctic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0147-6513(03)00095-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) vaccine in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by intraperitoneal and bath immersion administration AN - 1500778001; 19046298 AB - We evaluated the effectiveness of a vaccine in tilapia () for prevention of streptococcal disease. The vaccine was prepared from formalin-killed cells and concentrated extracellular products (greater than 3kDa) of a single isolate of (ARS-KU-MU-11B). Intraperitoneal (IP) and bath immersion (BI) vaccine trials were conducted at two temperatures, 32 and 26 degree C, and mean fish weights, 5 and 30g. Control tilapia were injected with tryptic soy broth. Thirty gram tilapia vaccinated and challenged by IP injection with 1.5x104 colony-forming units (CFU)/fish of at 30 days post-immunization had a relative percent survival (RPS) of 80. Smaller tilapia vaccinated and challenged under similar conditions had an RPS of 25. An RPS of zero was noted in 30g fish IP vaccinated with and IP challenged with . The 5 and 30g tilapia bath immunized with and IP challenged with 3.6x105 and 1.7x106CFU/fish of had RPS values of 34. Intraperitoneal administration of the vaccine provided efficacious protection only in the 30g tilapia regardless of whether the fish were immunized and challenged at 26 or 32 degree C. Bath immunization of both 5 and 30g tilapia resulted in RPS values that were two times lower than those achieved with IP vaccination. The results of this study suggest that there is a lack of cross-protection of bacterins against challenge. Protection against infection is, however, provided through vaccination with a modified bacterin vaccine. JF - Vaccine AU - Evans, Joyce J AU - Klesius, Phillip H AU - Shoemaker, Craig A AD - United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, 151 Dixon Drive, Chestertown, MD 21620, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 3769 EP - 3773 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 22 IS - 27 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Vaccines KW - Tilapia KW - Temperature effects KW - Bacterins KW - Cross-protection KW - Survival KW - Infection KW - Vaccination KW - Soybeans KW - Streptococcus agalactiae KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Immersion KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - J 02350:Immunology KW - F 06940:Fish Immunity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1500778001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+Streptococcus+agalactiae+%28group+B%29+vaccine+in+tilapia+%28Oreochromis+niloticus%29+by+intraperitoneal+and+bath+immersion+administration&rft.au=Evans%2C+Joyce+J%3BKlesius%2C+Phillip+H%3BShoemaker%2C+Craig+A&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=3769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2004.03.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Cross-protection; Bacterins; Colony-forming cells; Immersion; Survival; Vaccines; Infection; Vaccination; Soybeans; Streptococcus agalactiae; Oreochromis niloticus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.03.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A technique for conducting point pattern analysis of cluster plot stem-maps AN - 17705390; 6045197 AB - Point pattern analysis of forest inventory stem-maps may aid interpretation and inventory estimation of forest attributes. To evaluate the techniques and benefits of conducting point pattern analysis of forest inventory stem-maps, Ripley's K(t) was calculated for simulated tree spatial distributions and for over 600 USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots in Minnesota and Wisconsin. A new technique for calculation of Ripley's K(t) for cluster plot stem-maps was proposed that involves the truncation and combination of clustered, circular sub-plots (0.01ha) into one square (0.04ha) for each inventory plot. For Poisson and uniform simulated tree spatial distributions, combined sub-plots may possess nearly the same spatial properties as the entire plot area from which they were sampled. Although sub-plots may be too small for meaningful spatial analysis, combined sub-plots may permit spatial analysis regardless of how sub-plots are combined. The step-size (t) at which stem-map point patterns were most discernible as either clustered or uniform varied by forest type. Additionally, stand disturbances may increase K(t). Although limitations exist, point pattern analysis of forest inventory stem-maps may permit refined ecological analysis of forest inventories. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Woodall, C W AU - Graham, J M AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, cwoodall@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 23 SP - 31 EP - 37 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 198 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Inventories KW - Spatial distribution KW - Trees KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - USA, Minnesota KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17705390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=A+technique+for+conducting+point+pattern+analysis+of+cluster+plot+stem-maps&rft.au=Woodall%2C+C+W%3BGraham%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Woodall&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-08-23&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2004.03.037 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Minnesota; USA, Wisconsin; Inventories; Trees; Spatial distribution; Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.037 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aspergillus flavus expressed sequence tags for identification of genes with putative roles in aflatoxin contamination of crops. AN - 66808317; 15321681 AB - Aflatoxins, produced primarily by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, are among the most toxic and carcinogenic naturally occurring compounds. In an attempt to identify genes potentially involved in aflatoxin contamination of crops, and to better understand the biology of A. flavus, a large scale sequencing of A. flavus expressed sequence tags (EST) was conducted. The 5' ends of 26,110 cDNA clones from a normalized cDNA expression library were sequenced. After annotation, a total of 7218 unique ESTs in A. flavus were assembled into 3749 tentative concensus sequences and 3469 singleton sequences. The functional classifications of the genes or Gene Ontology (GO) terms were assigned to these ESTs. Genes potentially involved in the aflatoxin contamination process were identified in the ESTs sequenced. These include the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, signal transduction, global regulation, pathogenicity of the fungus, and stress response. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Yu, Jiujiang AU - Whitelaw, Catherine A AU - Nierman, William C AU - Bhatnagar, Deepak AU - Cleveland, Thomas E AD - Food and Feed Safety Research, USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. jiuyu@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 15 SP - 333 EP - 340 VL - 237 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Virulence Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Crops, Agricultural -- microbiology KW - Base Sequence KW - Oxidative Stress KW - DNA, Complementary -- chemistry KW - Virulence Factors -- genetics KW - Consensus Sequence KW - Signal Transduction KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Fungal -- physiology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- pathogenicity KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism KW - Expressed Sequence Tags UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66808317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=Aspergillus+flavus+expressed+sequence+tags+for+identification+of+genes+with+putative+roles+in+aflatoxin+contamination+of+crops.&rft.au=Yu%2C+Jiujiang%3BWhitelaw%2C+Catherine+A%3BNierman%2C+William+C%3BBhatnagar%2C+Deepak%3BCleveland%2C+Thomas+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Jiujiang&rft.date=2004-08-15&rft.volume=237&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Surface Tarp on Emissions and Distribution of Drip-Applied Fumigants AN - 16176767; 6057101 AB - Soil fumigants are used to control a wide variety of soil-borne pests in high-cash-value crops. Application of soil fumigants through drip irrigation systems is receiving increasing attention as a method to improve the uniformity of fumigant application. Little information is available on the emissions and soil distribution of fumigants following subsurface drip application, or the effect of plastic tarp on fumigant emissions in these systems. In these experiments, the fumigant compounds 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), Vapam (a methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) precursor), and propargyl bromide (PrBr) were applied to soil beds via drip irrigation at 15 cm depth. Beds were tarped with either standard 1-mil high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or a virtually impermeable film (VIF), leaving the furrows bare. Cumulative emissions of 1,3-D, MITC, and PrBr in these tarped bedded systems was very low, amounting to <10% of the applied mass. These experiments were conducted in the winter months, with average air temperatures of 12-15 degree C. Cumulative emissions of MITC and 1,3-D from a sandy loam field soil were decreased by greater than or equal to 80% by tarping the bed with VIF rather than HDPE. A large fraction of the 1,3-D and PrBr flux was from the untarped furrows in VIF-tarped plots, indicating that inhibiting volatilization from the furrow will be important in further reducing emissions in these systems. Monitoring the fumigant distribution in soil indicated that tarping the bed with VIF resulted in a more effective containment of fumigant vapors compared to use of a HDPE tarp. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Yates AU - Dungan, R S AU - Lesch, S M AU - Zheng, W AU - Guo, M AD - George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92507, USA, papiernik@morris.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 15 SP - 4254 EP - 4262 VL - 38 IS - 16 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Vapors KW - Irrigation KW - Temperature KW - Pest control KW - Emission control KW - Containment KW - Fumigation KW - Crops KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16176767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Surface+Tarp+on+Emissions+and+Distribution+of+Drip-Applied+Fumigants&rft.au=Papiernik%2C+S+K%3BYates%3BDungan%2C+R+S%3BLesch%2C+S+M%3BZheng%2C+W%3BGuo%2C+M&rft.aulast=Papiernik&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-08-15&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=4254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes035423q LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vapors; Irrigation; Temperature; Emission control; Pest control; Containment; Crops; Fumigation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es035423q ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aminomethylphosphonic acid, a metabolite of glyphosate, causes injury in glyphosate-treated, glyphosate-resistant soybean. AN - 66753539; 15291487 AB - Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was developed by stable integration of a foreign gene that codes insensitive enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, an enzyme in the shikimate pathway, the target pathway of glyphosate. Application of glyphosate to GR soybean results in injury under certain conditions. It was hypothesized that if GR soybean is completely resistant to the glyphosate, injury could be caused by a metabolite of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), a known phytotoxin. Glyphosate and AMPA effects on one- to two-trifoliolate leaf stage (16-18-days old) GR and non-GR soybean were examined in the greenhouse. In GR soybean, a single application of glyphosate-isopropylammonium (1.12-13.44 kg/ha) with 0.5% Tween 20 did not significantly reduce the chlorophyll content of the second trifoliolate leaf at 7 days after treatment (DAT) or the shoot dry weight at 14 DAT compared with Tween 20 alone. A single application of AMPA (0.12-8.0 kg/ha) with 0.5% Tween 20 reduced the chlorophyll content of the second trifoliolate leaf by 0-52% at 4 DAT and reduced shoot fresh weight by 0-42% at 14 DAT in both GR and non-GR soybeans compared with Tween 20 alone. AMPA at 0.12 and 0.50 kg/ha produced injury in GR and non-GR soybean, respectively, similar to that caused by glyphosate-isopropylammonium at 13.44 kg/ha in GR soybean. AMPA levels found in AMPA-treated soybean of both types and in glyphosate-treated GR soybean correlated similarly with phytotoxicity. These results suggest that soybean injury to GR soybean from glyphosate is due to AMPA formed from glyphosate degradation. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Reddy, Krishna N AU - Rimando, Agnes M AU - Duke, Stephen O AD - Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA. kreddy@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08/11/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 11 SP - 5139 EP - 5143 VL - 52 IS - 16 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Organophosphonates KW - aminomethylphosphonic acid KW - Shikimic Acid KW - 29MS2WI2NU KW - glyphosate KW - 4632WW1X5A KW - Glycine KW - TE7660XO1C KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Drug Resistance KW - Shikimic Acid -- metabolism KW - Soybeans -- drug effects KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Soybeans -- metabolism KW - Organophosphonates -- metabolism KW - Glycine -- pharmacology KW - Glycine -- metabolism KW - Organophosphonates -- pharmacology KW - Glycine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Organophosphonates -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66753539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Aminomethylphosphonic+acid%2C+a+metabolite+of+glyphosate%2C+causes+injury+in+glyphosate-treated%2C+glyphosate-resistant+soybean.&rft.au=Reddy%2C+Krishna+N%3BRimando%2C+Agnes+M%3BDuke%2C+Stephen+O&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=Krishna&rft.date=2004-08-11&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=5139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic consequences of forest population dynamics influenced by historic climatic variability in the western USA AN - 17276748; 6045150 AB - We review recent advances in climate science that show cyclic climatic variation over multiple time scales and give examples of the impacts of this variation on plant populations in the western USA. The paleohistorical reconstructions we review and others indicate that plant species track these cycles in individualistically complex ways. These dynamic histories suggest that genetic structures are in a non-equilibrium state, with populations constantly lagging their environmental optima. Such dynamism may serve to maintain genetic variation in populations, which may be a hedge against rapid environmental change. We also discuss how population history affects the way we analyze and interpret genetic data and, conversely, the way genetic theory affects historical reconstructions. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Westfall, R D AU - Millar, C I AD - Sierra Nevada Research Center, PSW Research Station, USDA Forest Service, PO Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA, bwestfall@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08/11/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 11 SP - 159 EP - 170 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 197 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - USA KW - Data processing KW - Reviews KW - USA, West KW - Environmental changes KW - Climate KW - Genetic diversity KW - Forests KW - Genetic structure KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17276748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Genetic+consequences+of+forest+population+dynamics+influenced+by+historic+climatic+variability+in+the+western+USA&rft.au=Westfall%2C+R+D%3BMillar%2C+C+I&rft.aulast=Westfall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-11&rft.volume=197&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2004.05.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, West; USA; Reviews; Genetic structure; Data processing; Climate; Environmental changes; Forest management; Forests; Genetic diversity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuous production of ethyl esters of grease using an immobilized lipase AN - 746070624; 12039233 AB - The continous production of ethyl esters of grease using a phyllosilicate sol-gel immobilized lipase from Burkholderias cepacia (IM BS-30) as catalyst was investigated. Enzymatic transesterification was carried out in a recirculating packed-column reactor using IM BS-30 as the stationary phase and ethanol and restaurant grease as the substrates without solvent. The bioreactor was operated at various temperatures (40--60°C), flow rates (5--50 mL/min), and times (8--48 h) to optimize ester production. Under the optimal operating conditions (flow rate, 30 mL/min; temperature, 50°C; mole ratio of substrates, 4∶ 1 ethanol/grease; reaction time, 48 h), the ester yields were >96%. The IM BS-30 could be reused in the reactor for continous ester production. The conversion of grease to ester was monitored by HPLC and GC, whereas free and total glycerol content in the product was determined by GC. Either water-washing or silica column chromatography reduced the free and total glycerol content of the ethyl ester preparation to acceptable levels. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hsu, An-Fei AU - Jones, Kerby C AU - Foglia, Thomas A AU - Marmer, William N AD - USDA, ARS, ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, 19038 Wyndmoor, PA, ahsu@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 749 EP - 752 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Temperature effects KW - grease KW - Solvents KW - Column chromatography KW - Burkholderia cepacia KW - Esters KW - stationary phase KW - Oil KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Guanylate cyclase KW - Silica KW - Glycerol KW - Bioreactors KW - Catalysts KW - Ethanol KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746070624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Continuous+production+of+ethyl+esters+of+grease+using+an+immobilized+lipase&rft.au=Hsu%2C+An-Fei%3BJones%2C+Kerby+C%3BFoglia%2C+Thomas+A%3BMarmer%2C+William+N&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=An-Fei&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=749&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-004-0973-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; High-performance liquid chromatography; grease; Solvents; Column chromatography; Esters; Oil; stationary phase; Guanylate cyclase; Triacylglycerol lipase; Glycerol; Silica; Bioreactors; Catalysts; Ethanol; Burkholderia cepacia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-004-0973-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-linkers control the viscoelastic properties of soybean oil-based biomaterials AN - 746048957; 12039244 AB - Because of environmental concerns, biodegradable materials have been of increasing research interest over the last several years. Previously, we reported on a biobased material developed from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) that displayed viscoelastic behavior similar to synthetic rubbers or plastics. In this work, the viscoelastic properties of several biomaterials made from ESO cross-linked by different amounts of two different cross-linking agents were investigated. The composites exhibited different glass transition temperatures and viscoelastic behaviors depending on the type and amount of cross-linker used. Higher glass transition temperatures and stronger viscoelastic properties of the materials were found with a greater amount of cross-linker. Comparing agent triethylene glycol diamine (TGD) with agent triethylenetriamine (TETA), we found that the material cross-linked by TETA had a higher glass transition temperature and stronger viscoelastic solid properties than the material cross-linked by the agent TGD. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Xu, Jingyuan AU - Liu, Zengshe AU - Erhan, Sevim Z AU - Carriere, Craig J AD - Food and Industrial Oil Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 61604 Peoria, Illinois, xuj@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 813 EP - 816 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Oil KW - Biomaterials KW - Rubber KW - triethylene glycol KW - Plastics KW - Biodegradability KW - viscoelasticity KW - Soybeans KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746048957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Cross-linkers+control+the+viscoelastic+properties+of+soybean+oil-based+biomaterials&rft.au=Xu%2C+Jingyuan%3BLiu%2C+Zengshe%3BErhan%2C+Sevim+Z%3BCarriere%2C+Craig+J&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Jingyuan&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=813&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-004-0984-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Temperature effects; Biomaterials; Rubber; triethylene glycol; Plastics; Biodegradability; viscoelasticity; Soybeans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-004-0984-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multigene phylogeny reveals new lineage for Stachybotrys chartarum, the indoor air fungus. AN - 66911436; 15449591 AB - Stachybotrys chartarum is an asexually reproducing fungus commonly isolated from soil and litter that is also known to occur in indoor environments and is implicated as the cause of serious illness and even death in humans. Despite its economic importance, higher level phylogenetic relationships of Stachybotrys have not been determined nor has a sexual state for S. chartarum been reported. DNA sequences from four nuclear and one mitochondrial gene were analyzed to determine the ordinal and familial placement of Stachybotrys within the Euascomycota. These data reveal that species of Stachybotrys including S. chartarum, S. albipes, for which the sexual state Melanopsamma pomiformis is reported, species of Myrothecium, and two other tropical hypocrealean species form a previously unknown monophyletic lineage within the Hypocreales. These results suggest that Stachybotrys and Myrothecium are closely related and share characteristics with other hypocrealean fungi. In addition, S. chartarum may have a sexual state in nature that consists of small, black, fleshy perithecia similar to Melanopsamma. JF - Mycological research AU - Castlebury, Lisa A AU - Rossman, Amy Y AU - Sung, Gi-Ho AU - Hyten, Aimee S AU - Spatafora, Joseph W AD - Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. castlebury@nt.ars-grin.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 864 EP - 872 VL - 108 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Base Sequence KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Humans KW - Reproduction KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Air Microbiology KW - Hypocreales -- genetics KW - Reproduction, Asexual KW - Hypocreales -- classification KW - Stachybotrys -- genetics KW - Stachybotrys -- pathogenicity KW - Stachybotrys -- classification KW - Stachybotrys -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66911436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+research&rft.atitle=Multigene+phylogeny+reveals+new+lineage+for+Stachybotrys+chartarum%2C+the+indoor+air+fungus.&rft.au=Castlebury%2C+Lisa+A%3BRossman%2C+Amy+Y%3BSung%2C+Gi-Ho%3BHyten%2C+Aimee+S%3BSpatafora%2C+Joseph+W&rft.aulast=Castlebury&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=&rft.spage=864&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth, development, and survival of Nosema pyrausta-infected European corn borers (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) reared on meridic diet and Cry1Ab. AN - 66903145; 15384327 AB - Transgenic corn, Zea mays L., hybrids expressing crystal protein endotoxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner are an increasingly popular tactic for managing the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in North America. O. nubilalis populations also are often vulnerable to the ubiquitous entomopathogenic microsporidium Nosema pyrausta (Paillot). We examined the effect of feeding meridic diet incorporated with purified Cry1Ab on growth, development, and survival of Nosema-infected and uninfected neonate O. nubilalis. Infected larvae developed more slowly than uninfected larvae. Increasing the concentration of Cry1Ab in diet reduced larval development, and this effect was amplified by microsporidiosis. Infected larvae weighed significantly less than uninfected larvae. The relationship among Nosema infection, Cry1Ab concentration, and larval weight was fitted to an exponential function. The LC50 of infected larvae was one-third that of uninfected larvae, indicating that infected larvae are more vulnerable to toxin. This work has implications for resistance management of O. nubilalis and demonstrates that it is important to determine whether N. pyrausta is present when testing susceptibility of larvae to transgenic corn hybrids. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Reardon, B J AU - Hellmich, R L AU - Sumerford, D V AU - Lewis, L C AD - Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Genetics Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1198 EP - 1201 VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Larva -- parasitology KW - Gene Expression KW - Endotoxins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Toxins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Moths -- growth & development KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Nosema -- physiology KW - Moths -- physiology KW - Endotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Bacterial Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Bacterial Toxins -- administration & dosage KW - Zea mays -- genetics KW - Moths -- parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66903145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Growth%2C+development%2C+and+survival+of+Nosema+pyrausta-infected+European+corn+borers+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Crambidae%29+reared+on+meridic+diet+and+Cry1Ab.&rft.au=Reardon%2C+B+J%3BHellmich%2C+R+L%3BSumerford%2C+D+V%3BLewis%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Reardon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revised irradiation doses to control melon fly, Mediterranean fruit fly, and oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) and a generic dose for tephritid fruit flies. AN - 66902303; 15384335 AB - Currently approved irradiation quarantine treatment doses for Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet), melon fly; Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Mediterranean fruit fly; and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), oriental fruit fly, infesting fruits and vegetables for export from Hawaii to the continental United States are 210, 225, and 250 Gy, respectively. Irradiation studies were initiated to determine whether these doses could be reduced to lower treatment costs, minimize any adverse effects on quality, and support a proposed generic irradiation dose of 150 Gy for fruit flies. Dose-response tests were conducted with late third instars of wild and laboratory strains of the three fruit fly species, both in diet and in fruit. After x-ray irradiation treatment, data were taken on adult emergence, and adult female fecundity and fertility. Melon fly was the most tolerant of the three species to irradiation, and oriental fruit fly was more tolerant than Mediterranean fruit fly. Laboratory and wild strains of each species were equally tolerant of irradiation, and larvae were more tolerant when irradiated in fruit compared with artificial diet. An irradiation dose of 150 Gy applied to 93,666 melon fly late third instars in papayas resulted in no survival to the adult stage, indicating that this dose is sufficient to provide quarantine security. Irradiation doses of 100 and 125 Gy applied to 31,920 Mediterranean fruit fly and 55,743 oriental fruit fly late third instars, respectively, also resulted in no survival to the adult stage. Results support a proposed generic irradiation quarantine treatment dose of 150 Gy for all tephritid fruit flies. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Follett, Peter A AU - Armstrong, John W AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA. pfollett@pbarc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1254 EP - 1262 VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reproduction KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Vegetables KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Fruit KW - Tephritidae -- physiology KW - Food Irradiation -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66902303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Revised+irradiation+doses+to+control+melon+fly%2C+Mediterranean+fruit+fly%2C+and+oriental+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+and+a+generic+dose+for+tephritid+fruit+flies.&rft.au=Follett%2C+Peter+A%3BArmstrong%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Follett&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sucrose octanoate toxicity to brown citrus aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). AN - 66900285; 15384331 AB - We report the toxicological effects of a new biorational, synthetic sucrose octanoate (AVA Chemical Ventures L.L.C., Portsmouth, NH), on brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), nymphs and adults and to its native parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson). Sucrose octanoate topically applied was equally toxic to brown citrus aphid adults and nymphs with LC50 and LC90 values ranging from 356 to 514 and 1029 to 1420 ppm, respectively. Mortalities of both stages did not differ significantly over time during the 3-24-h sampling period. Dry residues of sucrose octanoate exhibited similar levels of toxicity to both nymphs and adults. Mortality ranged from 60 to 70% at 6,000 ppm 4 h after exposure. L. testaceipes was not harmed by treatments as high as 4,000 ppm of sucrose octanoate as long as the parasitoid had mummified before treatment. Based on these results, sucrose octanoate would be a useful biorational in citrus integrated pest management programs. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - McKenzie, C L AU - Weathersbee, A A AU - Hunter, Wayne B AU - Puterka, Gary J AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Rd., Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1233 EP - 1238 VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - sucrose octanoate KW - Sucrose KW - 57-50-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Plant Diseases KW - Citrus KW - Aphids KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Sucrose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Sucrose -- toxicity KW - Hymenoptera -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66900285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Sucrose+octanoate+toxicity+to+brown+citrus+aphid+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29+and+the+parasitoid+Lysiphlebus+testaceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphidiidae%29.&rft.au=McKenzie%2C+C+L%3BWeathersbee%2C+A+A%3BHunter%2C+Wayne+B%3BPuterka%2C+Gary+J&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of stored-grain insect infestation in wheat transported in railroad hopper-cars. AN - 66900231; 15384363 AB - Levels of insect infestation, insect spatial distribution, and the relationship between the number of insect-damaged kernels (IDK) and the number of insects present in grain samples in three-hopper railcars transporting wheat from country elevators to a mill were studied. Six of eight sampled railcars were infested with more than two species of insects. The most abundant species collected were the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), with the larval stage of the two species being the most prevalent (>90%). The spatial distributions of these two species within the grain mass were typically clumped in railcar compartments containing >0.4 insect/2.75-kg sample of wheat, and these foci of high-infestation levels varied in compartments within the railcars and among the sampled railcars. There were no significant correlations between IDK and insect density for any of the different stage-specific insect populations that were collected in the grain samples. Mean numbers of immatures and IDK differed among railcars and compartments within railcars, but not among grain depths. Number of insects in the first discharge sample was not correlated with mean numbers of insects in the entire compartment. This indicates that each compartment of a railcar should be sampled to determine level of insect infestation but that sampling at different depths within a compartment is less important. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Perez-Mendoza, Joel AU - Flinn, Paul W AU - Campbell, James F AU - Hagstrum, David W AU - Throne, James E AD - USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1474 EP - 1483 VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Population Density KW - Food Contamination KW - Beetles KW - Triticum KW - Transportation KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66900231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+stored-grain+insect+infestation+in+wheat+transported+in+railroad+hopper-cars.&rft.au=Perez-Mendoza%2C+Joel%3BFlinn%2C+Paul+W%3BCampbell%2C+James+F%3BHagstrum%2C+David+W%3BThrone%2C+James+E&rft.aulast=Perez-Mendoza&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of aeration and spinosad for suppressing insects in stored wheat. AN - 66900207; 15384362 AB - Field studies were conducted from July 2002 to January 2003 for evaluating the effects of controlled aeration and a commercial biological insecticide, spinosad, in suppressing insect populations in stored wheat. Six cylindrical steel bins were filled with newly harvested (2002 crop year) hard red winter wheat on 9 and 10 July 2002. Each bin contained 30.7 metric tons (1,100 bu) of wheat. Wheat in two bins was left untreated (control), whereas wheat in two bins was treated with spinosad, and in another two bins was subjected to aeration by using aeration controllers. Spinosad was applied to wheat at the time of bin filling to obtain a rate of 1 mg ([AI])/kg. Aeration controllers were set to run the fans when ambient air temperature fell below 23.9, 18.3, and 7.2 degrees C for the first, second, and third cooling cycles, respectively. We added 400 adults each of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens); lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.); and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), to the grain at monthly intervals between July and October 2002. Insect density in the bins was estimated monthly by taking 3-kg grain samples from 21 locations within each bin by using a pneumatic grain sampler. No live T. castaneum or C. ferrugineus and very low densities of R. dominica (<0.008 adults per kilogram) were found in wheat treated with spinosad during the 6-mo sampling period. Density of C. ferrugineus and T. castaneum in aerated bins did not exceed two adults per kilogram (the Federal Grain Inspection Service standard for infested wheat), whereas R. dominica increased to 12 adults per kilogram in November 2002, which subsequently decreased to three adults per kilogram in January 2003. In the untreated (control) bins, R. dominica density increased faster than that of C. ferrugineus or T. castaneum. Density of R. dominica peaked at 58 adults per kilogram in October 2002 and decreased subsequently, whereas T. castaneum density was 10 adults per kilogram in October 2002 but increased to 78 adults per kilogram in January 2003. Density of C. ferrugineus increased steadily during the 6-mo study period and was highest (six adults per kilogram) in January 2003. This is the first report comparing the field efficacy of spinosad and aeration in managing insects in farm bins. Our results suggest that spinosad is very effective in suppressing R. dominica, C. ferrugineus, and T. castaneum populations in stored wheat. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Flinn, P W AU - Subramanyam, Bh AU - Arthur, F H AD - USDA-ARS, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1465 EP - 1473 VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Drug Combinations KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Macrolides KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - spinosad KW - XPA88EAP6V KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tribolium KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Beetles KW - Triticum KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Oxygen -- administration & dosage KW - Macrolides -- administration & dosage KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Food Preservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66900207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+aeration+and+spinosad+for+suppressing+insects+in+stored+wheat.&rft.au=Flinn%2C+P+W%3BSubramanyam%2C+Bh%3BArthur%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Flinn&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of moniliformin in maize using capillary zone electrophoresis. AN - 66879015; 15370832 AB - Moniliformin is a mycotoxin produced by certain fungi pathogenic to maize. It is capable of causing disease in domestic animals, possibly through inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Testing for MON commonly involves extraction of maize, isolation of moniliformin using solid-phase extraction columns and detection with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography. A capillary zone electrophoresis-diode array detection (CZE-DAD) method for determination of moniliformin in maize is reported. The extraction and isolation procedures are similar to those of a commonly used HPLC method, while the detection step requires only 10 min. Sixty-three samples of maize were tested by an established HPLC method using absorbance at 229 nm (HPLC-ultraviolet light) and by the CZE-DAD method. The limit of detection of the CZE-DAD method was 0.1 microg MON g(-1) maize compared with 0.05 microg g(-1) for the HPLC-ultraviolet light method. The CZE-DAD method gave good agreement with the HPLC-ultraviolet light method for samples tested at levels up to 1500 microg g(-1), with a linear regression of r(2) = 0.996. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Maragos, C M AD - USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. maragocm@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 803 EP - 810 VL - 21 IS - 8 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Cyclobutanes KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Cyclobutanes -- analysis KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary -- methods KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66879015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Detection+of+moniliformin+in+maize+using+capillary+zone+electrophoresis.&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=803&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fruit extracts antagonize Abeta- or DA-induced deficits in Ca2+ flux in M1-transfected COS-7 cells. AN - 66844325; 15345811 AB - Evidence suggests that there is a selective sensitivity to oxidative stress (OSS) among muscarinic receptor (MAChR) subtypes with M1, M2 and M4 showing > OSS than M3 or M5 subtypes in transfected COS-7 cells. This may be important in determining the regional specificity in neuronal aging and Alzheimer disease (AD). We assessed the effectiveness of blueberry (BB) and other high antioxidant (HA) fruit extracts (boysenberry, BY; cranberry, CB; black currant, BC; strawberry, SB; dried plums, DP; and grape, GR) on the toxic effects of Abeta 25-35 (100 microM, 24 hrs) and DA (1 mM, 4 hrs) on calcium buffering (Recovery) following oxotremorine (750 microM) -induced depolarization in M1AChR-transfected COS-7 cells, and on cell viability following DA (4 hrs) exposure. The extracts showed differential levels of Recovery protection in comparisons to the non-supplemented controls that was dependent upon whether DA or Abeta was used as the pretreatment. Interestingly, assessments of DA-induced decrements in viability revealed that all of the extracts had some protective effects. These findings suggest that the putative toxic effects of Abeta or DA might be reduced by HA fruit extracts. JF - Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD AU - Joseph, James A AU - Fisher, Derek R AU - Carey, Amanda N AD - USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. james.joseph@tufts.edu Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 403 EP - 11; discussion 443-9 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1387-2877, 1387-2877 KW - Amyloid beta-Peptides KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Muscarinic Agonists KW - Receptors, Muscarinic KW - Oxotremorine KW - 5RY0UWH1JL KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - COS Cells -- metabolism KW - Oxotremorine -- pharmacology KW - Alzheimer Disease -- drug therapy KW - Oxotremorine -- administration & dosage KW - Muscarinic Agonists -- administration & dosage KW - Calcium -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Blueberry Plants KW - Transfection -- methods KW - Amyloid beta-Peptides -- toxicity KW - Muscarinic Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Muscarinic -- drug effects KW - Alzheimer Disease -- metabolism KW - Amyloid beta-Peptides -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Receptors, Muscarinic -- metabolism KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66844325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease+%3A+JAD&rft.atitle=Fruit+extracts+antagonize+Abeta-+or+DA-induced+deficits+in+Ca2%2B+flux+in+M1-transfected+COS-7+cells.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+James+A%3BFisher%2C+Derek+R%3BCarey%2C+Amanda+N&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease+%3A+JAD&rft.issn=13872877&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibacterial activities of naturally occurring compounds against antibiotic-resistant Bacillus cereus vegetative cells and spores, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. AN - 66825904; 15330549 AB - After demonstrating the lack of effectiveness of standard antibiotics against the acquired antibiotic resistance of Bacillus cereus (NCTC 10989), Escherichia coli (NCTC 1186), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 12715), we showed that the following natural substances were antibacterial against these resistant pathogens: cinnamon oil, oregano oil, thyme oil, carvacrol, (S)-perillaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (beta-resorcylic acid), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine (dopamine). Exposure of the three pathogens to a dilution series of the test compounds showed that oregano oil was the most active substance. The oils and pure compounds exhibited exceptional activity against B. cereus vegetative cells, with oregano oil being active at nanogram per milliliter levels. In contrast, activities against B. cereus spores were very low. Activities of the test compounds were in the following approximate order: oregano oil > thyme oil approximately carvacrol > cinnamon oil > perillaldehyde > dopamine > beta-resorcylic acid. The order of susceptibilities of the pathogens to inactivation was as follows: B. cereus (vegetative) >> S. aureus approximately E. coli >> B. cereus (spores). Some of the test substances may be effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria in foods and feeds. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Friedman, Mendel AU - Buick, Robert AU - Elliott, Christopher T AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. mfried@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1774 EP - 1778 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Plant Oils KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Food Microbiology KW - Plant Oils -- pharmacology KW - Spores, Bacterial -- drug effects KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- growth & development KW - Escherichia coli -- drug effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Bacillus cereus -- drug effects KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli -- growth & development KW - Bacillus cereus -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66825904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Antibacterial+activities+of+naturally+occurring+compounds+against+antibiotic-resistant+Bacillus+cereus+vegetative+cells+and+spores%2C+Escherichia+coli%2C+and+Staphylococcus+aureus.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+Mendel%3BBuick%2C+Robert%3BElliott%2C+Christopher+T&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Mendel&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1774&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incubation of egg contents pools at an elevated temperature (42 degrees C) does not improve the rapid detection of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 14b. AN - 66825850; 15330544 AB - Detecting internal Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) contamination in eggs is essential for protecting public health. Pooling together > or = 10 eggs for sampling allows many eggs to be screened for contamination, but such pools must be incubated (usually at 25 to 37 degrees C) to permit small numbers of SE to multiply before further testing. The present study determined whether incubating egg contents pools at an elevated temperature (42 degrees C) could increase the rate of multiplication of a phage type 14b strain of SE sufficiently to support the detection of contamination by a rapid lateral flow immunodiffusion method within a single day. Pools of 10 eggs were contaminated with approximately 10 CFU of SE, supplemented with concentrated broth enrichment medium, and incubated at either 37 or 42 degrees C. Incubation of contaminated egg pools at 42 degrees C resulted in significantly higher SE levels after 6, 8, 10, and 12 h. However, incubation at 42 degrees C could only generate a mean log SE concentration of 4.21 CFU/ml within a single working day (8 h), inadequate to support efficient detection by most rapid assays. Detection of SE contamination in egg pools by a rapid lateral flow immunodiffusion test was not achieved at a high frequency until 12 h of incubation at 42 degrees C. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Gast, Richard K AU - Holt, Peter S AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. rgast@seprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1751 EP - 1754 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunodiffusion -- methods KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Temperature KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- growth & development KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Salmonella Phages -- isolation & purification KW - Eggs -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66825850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kolner+Zeitschrift+fur+Soziologie+und+Sozialpsychologie&rft.atitle=Regional+Concentration+and+Labor+Market+Success%3A+Endogenous+and+Exogenous+Effects+of+Relative+Minority+Group+Size&rft.au=Granato%2C+Nadia&rft.aulast=Granato&rft.aufirst=Nadia&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Kolner+Zeitschrift+fur+Soziologie+und+Sozialpsychologie&rft.issn=00232653&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11577-009-0073-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Bacillus cereus on selected retail chicken products. AN - 66823724; 15330548 AB - Samples from five chicken meat products, obtained at retail stores, were evaluated for the presence of Bacillus cereus. The products tested were as follows: breaded, fully cooked, frozen nuggets (NUGGETS); breaded, fully cooked, frozen tenders (TENDERS); fully cooked, frozen, white-meat fajita-style strips (STRIPS); raw, refrigerated, boneless, skinless, marinated breast fillets (FILLETS); and raw, refrigerated, cut-up, tray-pack bone-in parts (PARTS), either split breasts or thighs. Four packages of each item were obtained on three different days (n = 60). Frozen and refrigerated products were held overnight in their respective environments as appropriate; then packages were opened aseptically, and a total of 25 g of tissue was excised from multiple pieces within a package. The 25-g samples were enriched in 225 ml of Trypticase soy-polymixin broth for 18 to 24 h at 30 degrees C and then plated on mannitol-egg yolk-polymixin agar and incubated for 18 to 24 h at 30 degrees C. Colonies characteristic of B. cereus were chosen and replated for isolation on mannitol-egg yolk-polymixin agar. Suspect colonies were confirmed as Bacillus spp. by Gram stain, hemolysis on blood agar, and a biochemical test strip. Isolates were further confirmed as B. cereus using Bacteriological Analytical Manual procedures, including tests for motility, rhizoid growth, hemolysis, and protein toxin crystal production. B. cereus was detected in 27 of 60 total samples. By product, the prevalence levels were as follows: NUGGETS, 11 of 12 positive; TENDERS, 8 of 12 positive; STRIPS, 6 of 12 positive; FILLETS, 0 of 12 positive; and PARTS, 2 of 12 positive. Isolates were tested by PCR for presence of the toxin-encoding genes bceT, nheABC, hblACD, and cytK. Results indicate that B. cereus organisms were present on four of the five retail poultry products tested in this study, with the highest rates reported for the three fully cooked items, especially the two breaded products. All strains isolated contained the gene(s) for at least one of the toxins, although none of the strains contained the cytK gene. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Smith, D P AU - Berrang, M E AU - Feldner, P W AU - Phillips, R W AU - Meinersmann, R J AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. dpsmith@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1770 EP - 1773 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Bacterial Toxins -- analysis KW - Bacillus cereus -- isolation & purification KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66823724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Bacillus+cereus+on+selected+retail+chicken+products.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+P%3BBerrang%2C+M+E%3BFeldner%2C+P+W%3BPhillips%2C+R+W%3BMeinersmann%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of MIDI-fatty acid methyl ester analysis to monitor the transmission of Campylobacter during commercial poultry processing. AN - 66816897; 15330523 AB - The presence of Campylobacter spp. on broiler carcasses and in scald water taken from a commercial poultry processing facility was monitored on a monthly basis from January through June. Campylobacter agar, Blaser, was used to enumerate Campylobacter in water samples from a multiple-tank scalder; on prescalded, picked, eviscerated, and chilled carcasses; and on processed carcasses stored at 4 degrees C for 7 or 14 days. The MIDI Sherlock microbial identification system was used to identify Campylobacter-like isolates based on the fatty acid methyl ester profile of the bacteria. The dendrogram program of the Sherlock microbial identification system was used to compare the fatty acid methyl ester profiles of the bacteria and determine the degree of relatedness between the isolates. Findings indicated that no Campylobacter were recovered from carcasses or scald tank water samples collected in January or February, but the pathogen was recovered from samples collected in March, April, May, and June. Processing generally produced a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the number of Campylobacter recovered from broiler carcasses, and the number of Campylobacter recovered from refrigerated carcasses generally decreased during storage. Significantly (P < 0.05) fewer Campylobacter were recovered from the final tank of the multiple-tank scald system than from the first tank. MIDI similarity index values ranged from 0.104 to 0.928 based on MIDI-fatty acid methyl ester analysis of Campylobacterjejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates. Dendrograms of the fatty acid methyl ester profile of the isolates indicated that poultry flocks may introduce several strains of C. jejuni and C. coli into processing plants. Different populations of the pathogen may be carried into the processing plant by successive broiler flocks, and the same Campylobacter strain may be recovered from different poultry processing operations. However, Campylobacter apparently is unable to colonize equipment in the processing facility and contaminate broilers from flocks processed at later dates in the facility. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Hinton, Arthur AU - Cason, J A AU - Hume, Michael E AU - Ingram, Kimberly D AD - Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. ahinton@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1610 EP - 1616 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Methyl Ethers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Seasons KW - Temperature KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Campylobacter -- metabolism KW - Campylobacter -- growth & development KW - Campylobacter -- classification KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Food Handling -- instrumentation KW - Methyl Ethers -- analysis KW - Food-Processing Industry -- methods KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66816897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Yom-Tov%2C+Anat.%2C&rft.aulast=Yom-Tov&rft.aufirst=Anat.&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781109476491&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rethinking+inequality%3A+Constrained+opportunities+and+structural+barriers+to+equality&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mapping of resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis race 5 and sensitivity to Ptr ToxB in wheat. AN - 66754067; 15292990 AB - Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat growing areas of the world. Multiple races of the pathogen have been characterized based on their ability to cause necrosis and/or chlorosis in differential wheat lines. Isolates of race 5 cause chlorosis only, and they produce a host-selective toxin designated Ptr ToxB that induces chlorosis when infiltrated into sensitive genotypes. The international Triticeae mapping initiative (ITMI) mapping population was used to identify genomic regions harboring QTLs for resistance to fungal inoculations of Ptr race 5 and to determine the chromosomal location of the gene conditioning sensitivity to Ptr ToxB. The toxin-insensitivity gene, which we are designating tsc2, mapped to the distal tip of the short arm of chromosome 2B. This gene was responsible for the effects of a major QTL associated with resistance to the race 5 fungus and accounted for 69% of the phenotypic variation. Additional minor QTLs were identified on the short arm of 2A, the long arm of 4A, and on the long arm of chromosome 2B. Together, the major QTL on 2BS identified by tsc2 and the QTL on 4AL explained 73% of the total phenotypic variation for resistance to Ptr race 5. The results of this research indicate that Ptr ToxB is a major virulence factor, and the markers closely linked to tsc2 and the 4A QTL should be useful for introgression of resistance into adapted germplasm. Copyright 2004 Springer-Verlag JF - TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik AU - Friesen, T L AU - Faris, J D AD - USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. friesent@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 464 EP - 471 VL - 109 IS - 3 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - Fungal Proteins KW - 0 KW - Genetic Markers KW - Mycotoxins KW - TOXA protein, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis KW - Index Medicus KW - North Dakota KW - Genetic Markers -- genetics KW - Quantitative Trait Loci -- genetics KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Databases, Genetic KW - Plant Leaves -- microbiology KW - Triticum -- genetics KW - Fungal Proteins -- toxicity KW - Ascomycota -- pathogenicity KW - Plant Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Triticum -- microbiology KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66754067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TAG.+Theoretical+and+applied+genetics.+Theoretische+und+angewandte+Genetik&rft.atitle=Molecular+mapping+of+resistance+to+Pyrenophora+tritici-repentis+race+5+and+sensitivity+to+Ptr+ToxB+in+wheat.&rft.au=Friesen%2C+T+L%3BFaris%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Friesen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TAG.+Theoretical+and+applied+genetics.+Theoretische+und+angewandte+Genetik&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intraspecific phylogeny and lineage group identification based on the prfA virulence gene cluster of Listeria monocytogenes. AN - 66725350; 15262937 AB - Listeria monocytogenes is a serious food-borne pathogen that can cause invasive disease in humans and other animals and has been the leading cause of food recalls due to microbiological concerns in recent years. In order to test hypotheses regarding L. monocytogenes lineage composition, evolution, ecology, and taxonomy, a robust intraspecific phylogeny was developed based on prfA virulence gene cluster sequences from 113 L. monocytogenes isolates. The results of the multigene phylogenetic analyses confirm that L. monocytogenes comprises at least three evolutionary lineages, demonstrate that lineages most frequently (lineage 1) and least frequently (lineage 3) associated with human listeriosis are sister-groups, and reveal for the first time that the human epidemic associated serotype 4b is prevalent among strains from lineage 1 and lineage 3. In addition, a PCR-based test for lineage identification was developed and used in a survey of food products demonstrating that the low frequency of association between lineage 3 isolates and human listeriosis cases likely reflects rarity of exposure and not reduced virulence for humans as has been previously suggested. However, prevalence data do suggest lineage 3 isolates may be better adapted to the animal production environment than the food-processing environment. Finally, analyses of haplotype diversity indicate that lineage 1 has experienced a purge of genetic variation that was not observed in the other lineages, suggesting that the three L. monocytogenes lineages may represent distinct species within the framework of the cohesion species concept. JF - Journal of bacteriology AU - Ward, Todd J AU - Gorski, Lisa AU - Borucki, Monica K AU - Mandrell, Robert E AU - Hutchins, Jan AU - Pupedis, Kitty AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA. wardtj@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 4994 EP - 5002 VL - 186 IS - 15 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Peptide Termination Factors KW - Trans-Activators KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Serotyping KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Listeriosis -- microbiology KW - Phylogeny KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- genetics KW - Trans-Activators -- genetics KW - Multigene Family KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- classification KW - Evolution, Molecular UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66725350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.atitle=Intraspecific+phylogeny+and+lineage+group+identification+based+on+the+prfA+virulence+gene+cluster+of+Listeria+monocytogenes.&rft.au=Ward%2C+Todd+J%3BGorski%2C+Lisa%3BBorucki%2C+Monica+K%3BMandrell%2C+Robert+E%3BHutchins%2C+Jan%3BPupedis%2C+Kitty&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=186&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=4994&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY512472; GENBANK; AY512471; AY512474; AY512473; AY512476; AY512475; AY512478; AY512477; AY512479; AY512470; AY512463; AY512462; AY512461; AY512460; AY512467; AY512466; AY512465; AY512464; AY512469; AY512468; AY510073; AY510074; AY510072; AY512454; AY512453; AY512456; AY512455; AY512450; AY512452; AY512451; AY512391; AY512458; AY512457; AY512393; AY512392; AY512459; AY512394; AY512395; AY512396; AY512397; AY512398; AY512399; AY512445; AY512444; AY512443; AY512442; AY512441; AY512440; AY512449; AY512448; AY512447; AY512446; AY512502; AY512501; AY512500; AY512437; AY512438; AY512435; AY512436; AY512439; AY512430; AY512433; AY512434; AY512431; AY512432; AY512424; AY512425; AY512426; AY512427; AY512428; AY512429; AY512420; AY512421; AY512422; AY512423; AY512497; AY512498; AY512499; AY512493; AY512494; AY512495; AY512496; AY512490; AY512419; AY512492; AY512417; AY512491; AY512418; AY512415; AY512416; AY512413; AY512414; AY512411; AY512412; AY512410; AY512488; AY512489; AY512486; AY512487; AY512484; AY512485; AY512482; AY512483; AY512406; AY512481; AY512407; AY512480; AY512408; AY512409; AY512402; AY512403; AY512404; AY512405; AY512400; AY512401 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Dec;32(12):2936-43 [7883880] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jul;60(7):2584-92 [8074531] Infect Immun. 1997 Jul;65(7):2707-16 [9199440] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):607-25 [10511517] Syst Appl Microbiol. 2000 Apr;23(1):132-6 [10879987] Microbiology. 2001 May;147(Pt 5):1095-104 [11320113] Infect Immun. 2001 Jun;69(6):3972-9 [11349066] Curr Microbiol. 2001 Aug;43(2):129-33 [11391477] Microbes Infect. 2001 Jun;3(7):571-84 [11418331] J Clin Microbiol. 2001 Jul;39(7):2704-7 [11427601] Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):849-52 [11679669] J AOAC Int. 2002 Mar-Apr;85(2):505-15 [11990039] J AOAC Int. 2002 Mar-Apr;85(2):524-31 [11990041] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Jun;68(6):2849-57 [12039742] Annu Rev Microbiol. 2002;56:457-87 [12142474] Vet Microbiol. 2003 Apr 29;92(4):351-62 [12554104] J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Feb;41(2):564-71 [12574247] J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Feb;41(2):632-9 [12574259] J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Feb;41(2):757-62 [12574278] J Food Prot. 2003 Apr;66(4):584-91 [12696680] J Dairy Sci. 2003 Jun;86(6):1865-75 [12836921] J Bacteriol. 2003 Sep;185(18):5573-84 [12949110] J Food Prot. 2003 Sep;66(9):1611-7 [14503714] J Microbiol Methods. 2003 Nov;55(2):425-32 [14529964] J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Dec;41(12):5537-40 [14662936] J Mol Evol. 1980 Dec;16(2):111-20 [7463489] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 May;86(10):3818-22 [2498876] Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1990 Mar;9(3):210-3 [2110901] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991 Apr;4(2):169-83 [1906370] Microbiol Rev. 1991 Sep;55(3):476-511 [1943998] Biotechniques. 1991 Oct;11(4):453, 456-7 [1793575] Microbiology. 1995 Sep;141 ( Pt 9):2053-61 [7496516] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wilderness Values in America: Does Immigrant Status or Ethnicity Matter? AN - 60502314; 200521630 AB - Little is known about the values immigrant groups or U.S.-born racial & ethnic minorities attribute to wilderness. However, the views of these groups are important to wilderness preservation because of increasing diversity along ethnic, cultural, & racial lines in the United States. We examine the proposition that wilderness is a social construction (valued primarily by U.S.-born Whites) by comparing wilderness values for immigrants & U.S.-born minority respondents to Whites. Results from 10 wilderness value items show immigrants are significantly less likely to indicate on-site use value. Among U.S.-born racial/ethnic groups, Black respondents were least likely to indicate values associated with visitation & off-site use but as likely as Whites to indicate a value for continued existence of wilderness. U.S.-born Asians & Latinos were also less likely than Whites to indicate values relating to wilderness on-site use. Implications of findings for wilderness as social construction are discussed. 3 Tables, 65 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Society and Natural Resources AU - Johnson, Cassandra Y AU - Bowker, J M AU - Bergstrom, John C AU - Cordell, H Ken AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA cjohnson09@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 611 EP - 628 VL - 17 IS - 7 SN - 0894-1920, 0894-1920 KW - environmental perception, immigrants, race/ethnicity, wilderness value KW - Perceptions KW - Natural Environment KW - Ethnicity KW - Social Attitudes KW - Race KW - Immigrants KW - Social Constructionism KW - article KW - 0410: group interactions; social group identity & intergroup relations (groups based on race & ethnicity, age, & sexual orientation) KW - 2656: environmental interactions; environmental interactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60502314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society+and+Natural+Resources&rft.atitle=Wilderness+Values+in+America%3A+Does+Immigrant+Status+or+Ethnicity+Matter%3F&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Cassandra+Y%3BBowker%2C+J+M%3BBergstrom%2C+John+C%3BCordell%2C+H+Ken&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Cassandra&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Society+and+Natural+Resources&rft.issn=08941920&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F08941920490466585 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 65 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SNREEI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Social Attitudes; Immigrants; Race; Ethnicity; Natural Environment; Perceptions; Social Constructionism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920490466585 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon sequestration and the restoration of land health; an example from Iceland AN - 51675223; 2005-063590 JF - Climatic Change AU - Arnalds, Andres A2 - Dumanski, Julian A2 - Lal, Rattan Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 333 EP - 346 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 65 IS - 3 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - soils KW - revegetation KW - Western Europe KW - sequestration KW - erosion KW - reclamation KW - sinks KW - Europe KW - desertification KW - Kyoto Protocol KW - Framework Convention on Climatic Change KW - climate change KW - geochemical cycle KW - carbon dioxide KW - UNFCC KW - conservation KW - carbon KW - soil quality KW - economics KW - United Nations KW - carbon cycle KW - soil erosion KW - Iceland KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51675223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Carbon+sequestration+and+the+restoration+of+land+health%3B+an+example+from+Iceland&rft.au=Arnalds%2C+Andres&rft.aulast=Arnalds&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(hc4pmh453vbxpeaygjkevi45)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100247,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Papers selected from soil carbon sequestration sessions, 11th and 12th International Soil Conservation Organization (ISCO) conferences, Buenos Aires, 2000 and Beijing, 2002 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCHDX N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; climate change; conservation; desertification; economics; erosion; Europe; Framework Convention on Climatic Change; geochemical cycle; Iceland; Kyoto Protocol; reclamation; revegetation; sequestration; sinks; soil erosion; soil quality; soils; UNFCC; United Nations; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An international collaborative effort to establish a soil geochemical data base for North America AN - 50606557; 2008-113719 JF - International Geological Congress, Abstracts = Congres Geologique International, Resumes AU - Smith, David B AU - Goldhaber, Martin B AU - Garrett, Robert G AU - Wilson, Michael A AU - Burt, Rebecca AU - Gomez de la Rosa, Enrique AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 617 PB - [International Geological Congress], [location varies] VL - 32, Part 1 KW - United States KW - soils KW - mineral exploration KW - survey organizations KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - international cooperation KW - mapping KW - information management KW - mineral resources KW - data management KW - Mexico KW - Canada KW - sampling KW - metals KW - geochemical methods KW - data bases KW - trace elements KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - land use KW - baseline studies KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 26A:Economic geology, general, deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50606557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts+%3D+Congres+Geologique+International%2C+Resumes&rft.atitle=An+international+collaborative+effort+to+establish+a+soil+geochemical+data+base+for+North+America&rft.au=Smith%2C+David+B%3BGoldhaber%2C+Martin+B%3BGarrett%2C+Robert+G%3BWilson%2C+Michael+A%3BBurt%2C+Rebecca%3BGomez+de+la+Rosa%2C+Enrique%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=32%2C+Part+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts+%3D+Congres+Geologique+International%2C+Resumes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Italia 2004; 32nd international geological congress N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - IGABBY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - baseline studies; Canada; chemical composition; data bases; data management; data processing; geochemical methods; geochemistry; government agencies; information management; international cooperation; land use; mapping; metals; Mexico; mineral exploration; mineral resources; sampling; soils; survey organizations; trace elements; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - POPULATION GENETICS OF FERAL HORSES: IMPLICATIONS OF BEHAVIORAL ISOLATION AN - 20034153; 8697127 AB - Feral horses (Equus caballus) in the Garfield Flat Herd Management Area in western Nevada exist as 2 subpopulations most of the year and as a single population once sufficient snow has accumulated to free them from dependence on their respective water sources. Populations were examined for genetic structure using 12 equine microsatellite markers. Microsatellite data also were generated from a distant population in the Granite Range Herd Management Area, in northwestern Nevada. Analyses of microsatellite allele frequencies supported the genetic individuality of the 3 groups. The Garfield Hills groups were marginally differentiated by virtue of low FST and low success in population assignment. Recent population bottlenecks and behavioral isolation are the likely mechanisms for the genetic differences between the 2 Garfield groups. Both Garfield groups were strongly differentiated from the Granite Range horses. Allele frequencies of both Garfield Flat subpopulations were within Hardy-Weinberg expectations, whereas the Granite Range frequencies were not, suggesting population structure beyond that previously identified. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Ashley, Michael C AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 920 Valley Road, Reno, NV 89512, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 611 EP - 617 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Equus caballus KW - feral horse KW - population genetics KW - allopatry KW - behavior KW - microsatellites KW - Population genetics KW - Data processing KW - Snow KW - Subpopulations KW - Population bottleneck KW - Genetic markers KW - Microsatellites KW - Gene frequency KW - Population structure KW - Genetic structure KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07870:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20034153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Society+for+the+Study+of+Social+Problems&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Concentrations+and+Labor+Market+Opportunities&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Franklin+D&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Franklin&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Society+for+the+Study+of+Social+Problems&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population genetics; Data processing; Snow; Population bottleneck; Subpopulations; Genetic markers; Microsatellites; Population structure; Gene frequency; Genetic structure; Equus caballus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/BRB-123 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphate Equilibrium Between Stream Sediments and Water: Potential Effect of Chemical Amendments AN - 19943565; 6408372 AB - Sediments often play an important role in the temporary storage and release of phosphorus (P) in streams, especially streams receiving municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. The objective of this study was to evaluate sediment-aqueous phase P equilibrium in four Ozark streams, and to determine the effect of alum (Al sub(2)(SO sub(4)) sub(3)) and calcium carbonate (CaCO sub(3)) on stream sediment-P interactions and content of exchangeable P. Stream physicochemical properties were significantly affected by the effluent discharge from the WWTPs; of particular interest to this study was that the increase in P concentrations varied greatly among streams. Phosphorus inputs from WWTP significantly increased sediment equilibrium P concentrations (sediment-EPC sub(0)) and readily exchangeable sediment-bound P, while decreasing the P buffering capacity of stream sediments. Sediment-EPC sub(0) values were as great as 7 mg L super(-1) downstream from one WWTP, suggesting that sediments are a transient storage pool of P and may release P back into the stream system when P inputs from the WWTP are reduced. The addition of alum and CaCO sub(3) significantly reduced the sediment-EPC sub(0) and readily exchangeable P, while increasing the ability of sediments to buffer increasing P loads. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Haggard, B E AU - Ekka, SA AU - Matlock, MD AU - Chaubey, I AD - USDA-ARS Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA, haggard@uark.edu Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1113 EP - 1118 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - buffers KW - Phosphorus KW - Freshwater KW - water potential KW - Streams KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Sewage disposal KW - Stream Pollution KW - Municipal wastes KW - calcium carbonates KW - Sediment pollution KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Wastewater Facilities KW - Physicochemical properties KW - River discharge KW - Effluents KW - Sediments KW - Storage KW - Phosphates KW - Equilibrium KW - Calcium carbonates KW - downstream KW - Stream Discharge KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19943565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Phosphate+Equilibrium+Between+Stream+Sediments+and+Water%3A+Potential+Effect+of+Chemical+Amendments&rft.au=Haggard%2C+B+E%3BEkka%2C+SA%3BMatlock%2C+MD%3BChaubey%2C+I&rft.aulast=Haggard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sewage disposal; Sediment chemistry; Sediment pollution; Phosphates; Calcium carbonates; Physicochemical properties; River discharge; Effluents; Wastewater treatment; buffers; Phosphorus; water potential; Streams; Sediments; Storage; downstream; Municipal wastes; calcium carbonates; Wastewater Facilities; Equilibrium; Stream Pollution; Stream Discharge; Wastewater Treatment; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fighting Fire with Education: What Is the Best Way to Reach Out to Homeowners? AN - 19936212; 6088601 AB - Better understanding is needed of what makes educational efforts most effective in increasing public support for wildfire management and mitigation efforts. Results of a mail survey of homeowners in Incline Village, Nevada, indicate that personalized contact is key in the educational process and that which type of contact-government or personal - is more influential depends on the type of practice involved. Notably, prescribed burning appears to have more in common with defensible space than with thinning in terms of how homeowners respond to educational efforts. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - McCaffrey, S M AD - North Central Station, USDA Forest Service, 1033 University Place, Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201, USA, smccaffrey@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 12 EP - 19 VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Fires KW - Wildfire KW - Community involvement KW - Environmental education KW - Burning KW - M1 325:Human Habitat & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19936212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Fighting+Fire+with+Education%3A+What+Is+the+Best+Way+to+Reach+Out+to+Homeowners%3F&rft.au=McCaffrey%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=McCaffrey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Wildfire; Community involvement; Environmental education; Burning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of viable Escherichia coli O157 in surface waters using enrichment in conjunction with immunological detection AN - 19936018; 5961035 AB - The use of a minimal lactose enrichment broth (MLB) in conjunction with immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescence detection (IM-ECL) was evaluated for the estimation of viable Escherichia coli O157 populations in surface water samples. In principle, E. coli O157 populations (Cinitial E. coli O157) can be derived from enrichment data according to the equation: Cinitial E. coli O157=Cinitial coliforms(Cfinal E. coli O157 /Cfinal coliforms), assuming that the growth rates and lag times of water-borne E. coli O157 and collective coliforms are sufficiently comparable, or at least consistent. We have previously described a protocol for determining Cfinal E. coli O157 in MLB-enriched water samples. In the present study, 80% of coliforms (red/pink colonies on MacConkey Agar) grew in MLB, indicating that this provides reasonably accurate estimates of Cinitial coliforms. Estimates of Cfinal coliforms were determined from turbidity data. Initial E. coli O157 populations (Cinitial E. coli O157) were calculated for 33 Baltimore watershed samples giving a positive IM-ECL response. The majority of samples contained E. coli O157 concentrations of 1 cell per 100 ml. These data indicate that E. coli O157 are present in surface water samples but at very low levels. Growth rates for MLB-enriched coliforms were highly variable (k=0.47 plus or minus 0.13 h super(-1), n=72). There was no correlation between growth rates and any measured water parameter, suggesting that coliform populations in water samples are spatially and temporally unique. Although variability in growth rates was expected to yield some low values, the fact that most E. coli O157 concentrations were 1 suggests that other factor(s) were also responsible. Studies with E. coli O157:H7 and wild-type E. coli suggest that increased lag times due to starvation were at least partially responsible for the observed data. Based on estimates of Cinitial coliforms and kcoliforms, MLB was evaluated for sensitivity and quantitativeness. Simulated populations of E. coli O157:H7 at stationary phase varied from ca. 10 super(3) to 10 super(8) cells ml super(-1) enrichment culture. Although not suitable for quantitation, MLB enrichment in conjunction with IM-ECL can detect as few as one viable water-borne E. coli O157 cell per 100 ml surface water. Experiments are in progress to evaluate alternative media for sensitivity and quantitative detection of enterohemorrhagic E. coli. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Shelton AU - Higgins, JA AU - Van Kessel, JAS AU - Pachepsky, YA AU - Belt, K AU - Karns, J S AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, Building 173, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, sheltond@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 223 EP - 231 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - electrochemiluminescence KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Water Pollution KW - Agar KW - Water sampling KW - Water Analysis KW - Surface water KW - Water Sampling KW - Cell culture KW - USA, Maryland, Baltimore KW - Surface Water KW - Freshwater KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Microbiological Studies KW - stationary phase KW - Colonies KW - Escherichia coli KW - Enrichment KW - Quantitation KW - Media (culture) KW - Starvation KW - Growth rate KW - Bacteria KW - Sensitivity KW - Coliforms KW - Lactose KW - Pollution detection KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Water Quality KW - Growth Rates KW - Water pollution KW - Escherichia Coli KW - Turbidity KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19936018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+viable+Escherichia+coli+O157+in+surface+waters+using+enrichment+in+conjunction+with+immunological+detection&rft.au=Shelton%3BHiggins%2C+JA%3BVan+Kessel%2C+JAS%3BPachepsky%2C+YA%3BBelt%2C+K%3BKarns%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mimet.2004.03.017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Agar; Mathematical models; Surface water; Watersheds; Water quality; Water pollution; Turbidity; Starvation; Sensitivity; Lactose; Coliforms; Data processing; Cell culture; stationary phase; Colonies; Enrichment; Quantitation; Media (culture); Pollution detection; Water sampling; Escherichia Coli; Bacteria; Water Pollution; Water Analysis; Water Sampling; Water Quality; Surface Water; Growth Rates; Microbiological Studies; Escherichia coli; USA, Maryland, Baltimore; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2004.03.017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public policies for managing urban growth and protecting open space: policy instruments and lessons learned in the United States AN - 19926961; 5892211 AB - The public sector in the United States has responded to growing concern about the social and environmental costs of sprawling development patterns by creating a wide range of policy instruments designed to manage urban growth and protect open space. These techniques have been implemented at the local, regional, state and, to a limited extent, national levels. This paper provides a systematic review of the extensive literature that describes these public policies and their implementation. The main public policy instruments for managing urban growth and protecting open space at various governmental levels are identified and briefly described, including public acquisition of land, regulatory approaches, and incentive-based approaches. Key lessons are gleaned from the literature on the implementation of growth management policies. Our assessment of lessons found: (1) a lack of empirical evaluations of growth management policies, (2) administrative efficiency and other details of policy implementation--rather than the general type of policy--are critical in determining their effectiveness, (3) the use of multiple policy instruments that reinforce and complement each other is needed to increase effectiveness and avoid unintended consequences, (4) vertical and horizontal coordination are critical for successful growth management but are often inadequate or lacking, and (5) meaningful stakeholder participation throughout the planning process and implementation is a cornerstone of effective growth management. Faced with a growing population and increasingly land consumptive development patterns, more effective policies and programs will be required to stem the tide of urban sprawl in the United States. We conclude with a discussion of potential federal roles in managing development and coordinating state, regional, and local growth management efforts. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Bengston, D N AU - Fletcher, JO AU - Nelson, K C AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, dbengston@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 271 EP - 286 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 69 IS - 2-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Human Population; Ecology Abstracts KW - Policy instruments KW - Growth management KW - Open space KW - Regulation KW - Incentives KW - USA KW - Growth KW - Policies KW - Urbanization KW - Population growth KW - Legal aspects KW - Regional planning KW - Environmental policy KW - Environment management KW - National planning KW - Legislation KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - M1 325:Human Habitat & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09167:Tides, surges and sea level UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19926961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Public+policies+for+managing+urban+growth+and+protecting+open+space%3A+policy+instruments+and+lessons+learned+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Bengston%2C+D+N%3BFletcher%2C+JO%3BNelson%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Bengston&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.landurbplan.2003.08.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Policies; Growth; Legal aspects; Regional planning; Legislation; National planning; Urbanization; Population growth; Environment management; Environmental policy; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Movement of people across the landscape: a blurring of distinctions between areas, interests, and issues affecting natural resource management AN - 19926330; 5892207 AB - The spread of development from cities into surrounding forests and farms continues to receive a great deal of attention from the media and resource managers in the US and other countries. However, suburban sprawl is just one of many inter-linked components of the movement of people across the landscape that influence resource management. Substantial changes are taking place in urban areas, fringe areas, and rural recreation/amenity areas. In this paper, we describe these changes, explore their commonalities and interconnectedness, and discuss the implications that they may have for natural resource management. What emerges is a blurring of the distinctions between what have traditionally been considered 'urban' or 'rural' problems with respect to natural resource issues, interest group concerns, and resource management strategies. Our findings suggest prospects for substantial changes in resource management and the public and private programs designed to support it. Among the emphasis areas for natural resource management that emerge with the changing distribution of people over the landscape are changes in management situations, management processes, and research needs. The changing management situations include increased emphasis on interface and intermix areas, restoring human-impacted natural areas, and addressing complex ecosystem problems. Changing management processes include adaptive forest management, working collaboratively with diverse landowners and other partners, interacting with citizens on a regular basis, and taking a landscape perspective on natural resources and their management. Questions for policy and program development and for research focus on a better understanding of linkages among management activities across the urban to rural landscape. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Dwyer, J F AU - Childs, G M AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1033 University Place, Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201, USA, jdwyer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 153 EP - 164 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 69 IS - 2-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - urban to rural migration KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Human Population KW - Urban sprawl KW - Natural resources management KW - Landscape change KW - Forest management KW - USA KW - Resource management KW - Urbanization KW - Environmental policy KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - M1 325:Human Habitat & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19926330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Movement+of+people+across+the+landscape%3A+a+blurring+of+distinctions+between+areas%2C+interests%2C+and+issues+affecting+natural+resource+management&rft.au=Dwyer%2C+J+F%3BChilds%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zeitschrift+fur+Soziologie&rft.issn=03401804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Resource management; Urbanization; Environmental policy; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.09.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Private forestland parcelization and development in Wisconsin's Northwoods: perceptions of resource-oriented stakeholders AN - 19925649; 5892210 AB - Increases in the parcelization and development of private forestlands in the US and other countries have become a major concern of natural resource agencies and groups. This concern is particularly heightened in heavily forested areas such as Wisconsin's 'Northwoods, ' where private lands make up a majority of the forest area and play a critical role in supplying economic, ecological, and quality of life values. As a part of the Forest Fragmentation Education Initiative, we assisted the non-governmental group 1000 Friends of Wisconsin in identifying the range of perceptions and concerns about parcelization and development held by public land managers, conservation and environmental organizations, forest industry groups, non-industrial woodland owners, and other resource-oriented stakeholders (N=182). Employing a qualitative methodology involving facilitated workshop discussion and thematic analysis, we identified critical themes in four main areas: (1) Patterns--parcelization and development are exhibiting a range of patterns on the forest landscape in terms of movement, distribution, size, and rate of change. (2) Drivers--the attractiveness of the Northwoods and people's concept of the good life, combined with changes in the economic, demographic, and technological aspects of society, are seen as causal agents behind increased parcelization and development. (3) Effects--while some aspects of parcelization and development might benefit residents and nature in the Northwoods, most effects are seen as negatively impacting recreation opportunities, forest health, local communities, the timber-based economies. (4) Solutions--an integrated strategy is needed to guide future growth and ameliorate the negative impacts of parcelization and development, including planning and regulation, taxes and incentives, acquisition and funding, and education and ethics. Implications for planning, research, and program development are noted. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Gobster, PH AU - Rickenbach, M G AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station-Chicago, 1033 University Pl. Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201, USA, pgobster@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 165 EP - 182 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 69 IS - 2-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Human Population KW - Parcelization KW - Development KW - Private forest landowners KW - Land protection KW - Recreation KW - Environmental ethics KW - Forests KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Economic importance KW - Environmental perception KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Resource utilization KW - Quality of life KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04692:Environmental perception KW - M1 340:Environmental Advocacy, Education and Awareness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19925649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Private+forestland+parcelization+and+development+in+Wisconsin%27s+Northwoods%3A+perceptions+of+resource-oriented+stakeholders&rft.au=Gobster%2C+PH%3BRickenbach%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Gobster&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.landurbplan.2003.09.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Recreation; Environmental ethics; Forests; Development; Economic importance; Resource utilization; Habitat fragmentation; Environmental perception; Quality of life; USA, Wisconsin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.09.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prerelease Assessment of Impact on Biomass Production of an Invasive Weed, Lygodium Microphyllum (Lygodiaceae: Pteridophyta), by a Potential Biological Control Agent, Floracarus Perrepae (Acariformes: Eriophyidae) AN - 19579229; 6053091 AB - A prerelease assessment of impact by a potential biological control agent, Floracarus perrepae Knihinicki and Boczek, on the invasive weed, Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br., was conducted in a 2-yr field study in their native range-Australia. Thirty-two pairs of test plants were planted in a field plot with two levels of shade, with one plant in each pair treated biweekly with the miticide abamectin. The mite caused a significant reduction in biomass of above ground stems and leaves and below ground roots and rhizomes. The mean leaf longevity was significantly longer for the treated versus the mite infested untreated plants. Populations of native predator mites were low throughout the study; however, the mite pathogen Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher was common in the second year of the study, but neither reduced the impact of F. perrepae. Based on its potential to cause significant damage to L. microphyllum under field conditions in the native range and extremely narrow field host range, F. perrepae is an excellent candidate for biological control of this invasive fern in Florida. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Goolsby, JA AU - Zonneveld, R AU - Bourne, A AD - USDA-ARS, Australian Biological Control Laboratory, CSIRO Long Pocket Laboratories, 120 Meiers Rd., Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia, goolsby@csiro.au Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 997 EP - 1002 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Acariformes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Weeds KW - Invasiveness KW - Host range KW - USA, Florida KW - Floracarus perrepae KW - Roots KW - Predators KW - Pteridophyta KW - Agents KW - Fishery management KW - Eriophyidae KW - Australia KW - Lygodium microphyllum KW - abamectin KW - Host specificity KW - Lygodiaceae KW - Shade KW - Rhizomes KW - Leaves KW - Aquatic plants KW - Pathogens KW - Stems KW - Biomass KW - Longevity KW - Hirsutella KW - Introduced species KW - A 01370:Biological Control KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19579229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Prerelease+Assessment+of+Impact+on+Biomass+Production+of+an+Invasive+Weed%2C+Lygodium+Microphyllum+%28Lygodiaceae%3A+Pteridophyta%29%2C+by+a+Potential+Biological+Control+Agent%2C+Floracarus+Perrepae+%28Acariformes%3A+Eriophyidae%29&rft.au=Goolsby%2C+JA%3BZonneveld%2C+R%3BBourne%2C+A&rft.aulast=Goolsby&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=997&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agents; Biological control; Weeds; Fishery management; Rhizomes; Aquatic plants; Pathogens; Introduced species; Longevity; abamectin; Host specificity; Invasiveness; Host range; Shade; Leaves; Roots; Predators; Biomass; Stems; Lygodiaceae; Floracarus perrepae; Eriophyidae; Lygodium microphyllum; Hirsutella; Pteridophyta; USA, Florida; Australia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0997:PAOIOB>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of iron bioavailability from twenty elite late-maturing tropical maize varieties using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model AN - 19381536; 8797930 AB - An in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model was used to assess iron bioavailability of twenty elite late-maturing tropical maize varieties grown in three diverse agroecologies in West and Central Africa (WCA). Kernel-iron concentration of the varieties, averaged across locations, varied from 19.2 to 24.4 mg kg-1, while mean kernel-zinc concentration ranged between 19.4 and 24.6 mg kg-1. Significant differences in iron bioavailability were observed among varieties, but the environment had no significant effect. Mean bioavailable iron ranged between 14% below and 43% above the reference control variety, TZB-SR. Variety DMR-LSR-Y with the highest concentrations of kernel-iron and -zinc of 24-25 mg kg-1 across the three locations had a similar quantity of bioavailable iron as the reference control, TZB-SR. In the long run this variety could be potentially effective in reducing iron deficiency because of its high kernel-iron. The most promising varieties were Mid-altitude STR synthetic and ACR91SUWAN-1-SRC1. They had kernel-iron and -zinc levels of 22-24 mg kg-1 and bioavailable iron 24-36% higher than the reference control, TZB-SR. Additional research is necessary to determine if the increases in kernel-iron concentration and bioavailable iron observed in this study can significantly improve the iron status of individuals in WCA at risk for iron deficiency. JF - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture AU - Oikeh, Sylvester O AU - Menkir, Abebe AU - Maziya-Dixon, Bussie AU - Welch, Ross M AU - Glahn, Raymond P AD - US Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, s.oikeh@cgiar.org Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1202 EP - 1206 PB - John Wiley & Sons, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 84 IS - 10 SN - 0022-5142, 0022-5142 KW - Pollution Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19381536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+iron+bioavailability+from+twenty+elite+late-maturing+tropical+maize+varieties+using+an+in+vitro+digestion%2FCaco-2+cell+model&rft.au=Oikeh%2C+Sylvester+O%3BMenkir%2C+Abebe%3BMaziya-Dixon%2C+Bussie%3BWelch%2C+Ross+M%3BGlahn%2C+Raymond+P&rft.aulast=Oikeh&rft.aufirst=Sylvester&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.issn=00225142&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjsfa.1805 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1805 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prosystemin-antimicrobial-peptide fusion reduces tomato late blight lesion expansion AN - 18064261; 6039377 AB - Antimicrobial peptides offer a new method for controlling pathogens, however, many promising peptides are too small for direct production in plants. A protein delivery system was developed based on a proteolytic mechanism used by Solanaceous plants to produce the very small (18 amino acid) signaling peptide systemin from the polypeptide prosystemin. Fusion of the gene encoding the 23 kDa protein prosystemin with the antimicrobial peptide (pep11) sequence, replacing the systemin sequence, allowed for expression in transgenic tomato plants. Six days after inoculation with the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, detached leaflets of transgenic tomato (Rutgers) exhibited a reduction in lesion size of at least 50 percent. JF - Molecular Breeding AU - Jones, R W AU - Ospina-Giraldo, M AU - Clemente, T AD - USDA, ARS, PSI, Vegetable Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, Maryland 20705,USA, jonesr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 83 EP - 89 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1380-3743, 1380-3743 KW - systemin KW - tomato KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Plant diseases KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - Disease resistance KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Blight KW - A 01030:General KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18064261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Breeding&rft.atitle=Prosystemin-antimicrobial-peptide+fusion+reduces+tomato+late+blight+lesion+expansion&rft.au=Jones%2C+R+W%3BOspina-Giraldo%2C+M%3BClemente%2C+T&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Breeding&rft.issn=13803743&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AMOLB.0000038001.22029.07 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; Phytophthora infestans; Blight; Plant diseases; Antimicrobial agents; Disease resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MOLB.0000038001.22029.07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population dynamics of Aspergillus flavus in the air of an intensively cultivated region of south-west Arizona AN - 18061195; 6011229 AB - Airborne propagules of Aspergillus flavus were quantified to investigate population dynamics of A. flavus in a region of south-west Arizona prone to epidemics of aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. Air was sampled continuously from May 1997 to March 1999 at two sites using Burkard cyclone samplers. One sampler was initially at the centre of 65 ha of cotton treated with an atoxigenic strain of A. flavus to manage aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. The second sampler was 0.6 km from the treated field. Total fungal colony-forming units (CFU) sampled ranged from 17 to 667 and from 9 to 1277 m super(-3) at the untreated and treated sites, respectively. Counts of A. flavus ranged from 0 to 406 m super(-3) and from 0 to 416 per m super(-3) at the untreated and treated sites, respectively. Aspergillus flavus comprised 1-46 and 1-51% of the total cultured fungi at the treated and untreated sites, respectively. Peaks in total fungal and A. flavus CFU coincided with boll maturation and cotton harvest (days 251-321). Autoregression analysis suggested that there was no difference in total fungal CFU between treated and untreated sites, but the analysis showed that the quantity of A. flavus decreased at the treated site. This is probably caused by changes in cropping making the conditions less conducive to growth and reproduction of A. flavus in the surrounding fields. The incidence of the S strain of A. flavus was highest between May and August. The L strain accounted for up to 100% of the A. flavus sampled in the other months, and autoregression analysis showed that the L strain accounted for a greater overall proportion of the A. flavus population at the treated site compared with the untreated site. Autoregression analysis also showed the vegetative compatibility group of the applied strain was a greater proportion of L-strain A. flavus at the treated site (5-75%) than at the untreated site (0-65%), although this decreased with time. The quantity of A. flavus sampled at both treated and untreated sites was correlated with air and soil temperature. Large quantities of A. flavus occurred in the soil (up to 34 474 CFU g super(-1)) of cotton fields and on cotton plant parts and debris (up to 272 461 CFU g super(-1)) adjacent to the cyclone samplers. Aspergillus flavus is a major constituent of the airborne mycoflora associated with cotton fields in south-west Arizona when temperature is conducive to fungal growth. Although application of atoxigenic A. flavus altered the proportion of A. flavus strains and vegetative compatibility groups in the aerial mycoflora, the total quantity of A. flavus remained similar to that in untreated fields. Dispersal of A. flavus between fields suggests that atoxigenic fungi will be most effective in area-wide management programmes. JF - Plant Pathology AU - Bock, CH AU - Mackey, B AU - Cotty, P J AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 422 EP - 433 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 0032-0862, 0032-0862 KW - cotton KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Propagules KW - Contamination KW - Soil temperature KW - Population dynamics KW - Airborne KW - Soil KW - Temperature effects KW - Epidemics KW - Aflatoxins KW - Colony-forming cells KW - USA, Arizona KW - Reproduction KW - Dispersal KW - Mycoflora KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01103:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18061195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Population+dynamics+of+Aspergillus+flavus+in+the+air+of+an+intensively+cultivated+region+of+south-west+Arizona&rft.au=Bock%2C+CH%3BMackey%2C+B%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=422&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=00320862&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.0032-0862.2004.01015.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; USA, Arizona; Colony-forming cells; Aflatoxins; Mycoflora; Airborne; Contamination; Population dynamics; Propagules; Soil temperature; Temperature effects; Epidemics; Reproduction; Dispersal; Soil DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0032-0862.2004.01015.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature and pomaceous flower age related to colonization by Erwinia amylovora and antagonists AN - 18059934; 6007869 AB - Fire blight of apple and pear is initiated by epiphytic populations of Erwinia amylovora on flower stigmas. Predicting this disease and managing it with microbial antagonists depends on an understanding of bacterial colonization on stigmas. Detached 'Manchurian' crab apple flowers were inoculated with E. amylovora and subjected to a range of constant temperatures or various fluctuating temperature regimes. Results may have application to disease risk assessment systems such as the Cougarblight model, which now are based on in vitro growth of the pathogen. In other experiments, detached crab apple flowers and attached 'Gala' apple flowers were maintained at different temperatures for various periods before inoculation with E. amylovora or antagonists (Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 and Pantoea agglomerans strains C9-1 and E325). Maximum stigma age supporting bacterial multiplication decreased as temperature increased, and was reduced by pollination. Stigmas were receptive to bacteria at ages older than previously reported, probably due to less interference from indigenous organisms. The study revealed antagonist limitations that possibly affect field performance (e.g., the inability of strain A506 to grow on relatively old stigmas conducive to the pathogen). Such deficiencies could be overcome by selecting other antagonists or using antagonist mixtures in the orchard. JF - Phytopathology AU - Pusey, P L AU - Curry, E A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, pusey@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 901 EP - 911 VL - 94 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Biological control KW - Age KW - Plant diseases KW - Pantoea agglomerans KW - Fireblight KW - Antagonists KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Erwinia amylovora KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18059934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Temperature+and+pomaceous+flower+age+related+to+colonization+by+Erwinia+amylovora+and+antagonists&rft.au=Pusey%2C+P+L%3BCurry%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Pusey&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erwinia amylovora; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pantoea agglomerans; Plant diseases; Fireblight; Biological control; Antagonists; Age; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host plant influence on the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies: variable effects within and between individual plants AN - 18050683; 6045593 AB - Observations of field-caged guava trees, Psidium guajava, revealed that males of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, occasionally formed tight aggregations on the trunk and branches of certain trees. Males at these aggregation sites (stations) appeared to feed on the bark, and chemical analyses showed that stations contained high levels of the male attractant alpha -copaene whereas nonstations' on the same tree lacked this chemical. Previous work showed that male medflies exposed to pure alpha -copaene had a mating advantage over unexposed males. Here, we present data showing that the occurrence of stations is highly variable both within and between individual guava trees. Concurrent mating trials showed that male medflies exposed to entire guava trees containing stations or to individual stations for 3h gained a mating advantage over unexposed males in tests conducted 1 or 3 days following exposure. In contrast, males exposed to entire trees lacking stations or only to nonstations on trees with stations had similar mating success as unexposed males. Additional experiments showed that exposure to guava leaves had no effect on male mating frequency but that exposure to fruits enhanced male mating success. The discussion considers potential mechanisms underlying the plant-induced increase in mating success and potential effects of alpha -copaene and other plant-borne compounds on the spacing of medfly leks in the environment. JF - Animal Behaviour AU - Shelly, TE AU - Villalobos, E M AD - USDA-APHIS, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 417 EP - 426 PB - The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour VL - 68 IS - 2 SN - 0003-3472, 0003-3472 KW - Diptera KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - Fruit flies KW - Guava KW - Myrtles KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Fruits KW - Myrtaceae KW - Mating behavior KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Psidium guajava KW - Host plants KW - Tephritidae KW - Aggregation behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18050683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Host+plant+influence+on+the+mating+success+of+male+Mediterranean+fruit+flies%3A+variable+effects+within+and+between+individual+plants&rft.au=Shelly%2C+TE%3BVillalobos%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Shelly&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Behaviour&rft.issn=00033472&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.anbehav.2003.08.029 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; Psidium guajava; Myrtaceae; Host plants; Mating behavior; Aggregation behavior; Fruits DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.08.029 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of sophorolipids by Candida bombicola grown on soy molasses as substrate AN - 18049969; 6038857 AB - Sophorolipids (SLs) were produced from Candida bombicola using soy molasses and oleic acid as co-substrates. The purified SLs were obtained at 21 g l super(-1) and were 97% in lactone form. The major SL constituent (81% relative abundance) of the product mixture contains an oleoyl chain. The surface properties of the SLs obtained from the soy molasses/oleic acid fermentation had minimum surface-tension values of 37 mN m super(-1) (pH 6) and 38 mN m super(-1) (pH 9), and critical micelle concentration values of 6 mg l super(-1) (pH 6) and 13 mg l super(-1) (pH 9). JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Solaiman, D K AU - Ashby, R D AU - Nunez, A AU - Foglia, T A AD - Fats, Oils and Animal Coproducts Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1241 EP - 1245 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 26 IS - 15 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - sophorolipids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Candida bombicola KW - Fermentation KW - Lipids KW - Molasses KW - Oleic acid KW - pH effects KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32355:Lipids and sterols KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - K 03035:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18049969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Production+of+sophorolipids+by+Candida+bombicola+grown+on+soy+molasses+as+substrate&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+D+K%3BAshby%2C+R+D%3BNunez%2C+A%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ABILE.0000036605.80577.30 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; Lipids; Molasses; pH effects; Oleic acid; Candida bombicola DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:BILE.0000036605.80577.30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and mapping of quantitative trait loci conditioning resistance to southern leaf blight of maize caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O AN - 18037227; 6007702 AB - A random set of recombinant inbred (RI) lines (F2:7) derived from the cross of the inbred lines Mol7 (resistant) and B73 (susceptible) were evaluated for resistance to southern leaf blight (SLB) caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O. The RI lines were genotyped at a total of 234 simple sequence repeat, restriction fragment length polymorphism, or isozyme loci. Field plots of the RI lines were inoculated artificially with an aggressive isolate of C. heterostrophus race O in each of two growing seasons in North Carolina. Lines were rated for percent SLB severity two (1996) or three (1995) times during the grain-filling period. Data also were converted to area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and analyzed using the composite interval mapping option of the PLABQTL program. When means of disease ratings over years were fitted to models, a total of 11 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found to condition resistance to SLB, depending upon which disease ratings were used in the analyses. When the AUDPC data were combined and analyzed over environments, seven QTLs, on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10 were found to come from the resistant parent Mol7. An additional QTL for resistance on chromosome 1 came from the susceptible parent B73. The eight identified QTLs accounted for 46% of the phenotypic variation for resistance. QTL times environment interactions often were highly significant but, with one exception, were the result of differences in the magnitude of QTL effects between years and not due to changes in direction of effects. QTLs on the long arm of chromosome 1 and chromosomes 2 and 3 had the largest effects, were the most consistently detected, and accounted for most of the phenotypic variance. No significant additive times additive epistatic effects were detected. These data support earlier reports of the polygenic inheritance of resistance to SLB of maize. JF - Phytopathology AU - Carson, M L AU - Stuber, C W AU - Senior, M L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108, mcarson@umn.edu Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 862 EP - 867 VL - 94 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Quantitative trait loci KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Simple sequence repeats KW - Chromosome 1 KW - chromosome 2 KW - Cochliobolus heterostrophus KW - Southern leaf blight KW - Polygenic inheritance KW - Gene mapping KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18037227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+mapping+of+quantitative+trait+loci+conditioning+resistance+to+southern+leaf+blight+of+maize+caused+by+Cochliobolus+heterostrophus+race+O&rft.au=Carson%2C+M+L%3BStuber%2C+C+W%3BSenior%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=862&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cochliobolus heterostrophus; Quantitative trait loci; Chromosome 1; Southern leaf blight; Gene mapping; Simple sequence repeats; Polygenic inheritance; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; chromosome 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First Report of Strawberry latent ringspot virus in a Mentha sp. from North America AN - 18034544; 5990147 AB - Yellow veinbanding symptoms have been observed in several mint clones at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) mint collection in Corvallis, Oregon. The most dramatic symptoms are in a "variegated" clone of Mentha x gracilis Sole (NCGR Accession No. MEN-454), which is marketed widely in the nursery industry under cultivar names such as Golden Ginger Mint and Green and Gold. Tucker and Fairbrothers proposed the name Mentha gentilis (= M. x gracilis) L. `Variegata' for forms of this species with a graft transmissible variegation. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was extracted from three mint clones with veinbanding symptoms of varying intensity. The dsRNA from MEN-454 was cloned, and sequences from several clones corresponded to RNA 2 of Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), a tentative member of the family Sequiviridae. Sequences of additional cDNA clones suggested that two previously unknown viruses and the satellite RNA of SLRSV were also present in MEN-454. On the basis of the sequences of the SLRSV clones, primers F (5' CCTCTCCAACCTGCTAGACT 3') and R (5' AAGCGCATGAAGGTGTAACT 3') were developed and used in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify a 497-bp fragment of RNA 2 of SLRSV from MEN-454. No amplicons in RT-PCR tests or dsRNA was obtained from a clone of MEN-454 that was freed of the yellow vein symptom by heat therapy and apical meristem culture. The consensus sequence of cloned dsRNA and sequenced PCR products for SLRSV from MEN-454 has been deposited in GenBank (Accession No. AY 438666). Chenopodium quinoa, inoculated mechanically with leaf extracts from MEN-454, developed chlorosis and apical necrosis that were similar to symptoms reported for SLRSV infection. The presence of SLRSV in C. quinoa was confirmed using RT-PCR. Variegated M. x gracilis clones were obtained from wholesale and mail-order nurseries in Maryland, Ohio, and Nebraska. Samples were assayed using RT-PCR utilizing the F and R primers for presence of SLRSV. All samples tested positive for the virus using RT-PCR. Because of the presence of additional viruses, we cannot attribute yellow vein symptoms solely to SLRSV, however the presence of this virus in clones of M. x gracilis `Variegata' from different regions throughout the United States demonstrates that SLRSV is distributed widely in the United States. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SLRSV in mint in North America. JF - Plant Disease AU - Postman, J D AU - Tzanetakis, I E AU - Martin, R R AD - USDA-ARS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 907 VL - 88 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Chlorosis KW - Meristems KW - Double-stranded RNA KW - Necrosis KW - Veins KW - Germplasm KW - Yellows KW - Chenopodium quinoa KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Strawberry latent ringspot virus KW - North America KW - Plant diseases KW - Transcription KW - cDNA KW - Satellite RNA KW - Mentha gentilis KW - Sequiviridae KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18034544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+Report+of+Strawberry+latent+ringspot+virus+in+a+Mentha+sp.+from+North+America&rft.au=Postman%2C+J+D%3BTzanetakis%2C+I+E%3BMartin%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Postman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strawberry latent ringspot virus; Mentha gentilis; Sequiviridae; Chenopodium quinoa; North America; Yellows; Veins; Plant diseases; Germplasm; Satellite RNA; Double-stranded RNA; Chlorosis; cDNA; Necrosis; Meristems; Transcription; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Isolates of Streptomyces Differ in Pathogenicity and Virulence on Radish AN - 18030768; 5990121 AB - Common scab is a significant disease of potato, and affects root and tuber crops worldwide. Streptomycetes, a diverse group of soil-inhabiting gram-positive bacteria, cause common scab. To better understand the basis for variability in disease symptoms seen in field situations, streptomycetes were isolated from scabby potato plants. Isolates differed in morphology and pigmentation. Isolates were evaluated for pathogenicity and virulence in radish. Scab lesions varied in appearance and severity. Disease symptoms also included plant stunting, wilting, necrosis, and death. Some pathogenic isolates were missing genes from the putative pathogenicity island (PAI); several lacked the nec1 gene, and one was missing the txtA gene encoding thaxtomin biosynthesis, the most reliable pathogenicity determinant. Studies of disease severity over 5 logs initial inoculum density showed that there is a threshold inoculum density for disease. Disease severity increased with inoculum density over three logs, then reached a maximum, which is characteristic of individual Streptomyces strains. Lesion severity was not correlated with presence of melanin, the nec1 gene, or whether an isolate reduced seedling emergence or plant survival. Differences in disease symptoms and severity combined with absence of known pathogenicity determinants (txtA) or factors (nec1) suggest that there may be pathogenicity factors in addition to thaxtomin. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wanner, LA AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, wannerl@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 785 EP - 796 VL - 88 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - thaxtomin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pigmentation KW - Melanin KW - Plant diseases KW - Gram-positive bacteria KW - Roots KW - Pathogenesis KW - Virulence KW - Stunt KW - Necrosis KW - txtA gene KW - Pathogenicity KW - Streptomyces KW - Tubers KW - Seedlings KW - NEC1 gene KW - Wilt KW - Scab KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18030768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Field+Isolates+of+Streptomyces+Differ+in+Pathogenicity+and+Virulence+on+Radish&rft.au=Wanner%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Wanner&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=785&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptomyces; Pathogenicity; Plant diseases; Scab; Virulence; NEC1 gene; Roots; Pigmentation; Wilt; Pathogenesis; Necrosis; Melanin; Seedlings; Gram-positive bacteria; Tubers; Stunt; txtA gene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wheat Stripe Rust Epidemic and Virulence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China in 2002 AN - 18029155; 5990138 AB - In China, wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat and can cause severe yield losses when susceptible cultivars are grown and weather conditions are favorable for the disease. Wheat stripe rust most frequently affects the winter wheat growing areas in Northwest, Southwest, and North China, and the spring wheat growing areas in Northwest China. In the 2001-2002 growing season, a widespread stripe rust epidemic affected about 6.6 million hectares of wheat in 11 provinces: Sichuan, Chongqing, eastern Gansu, southern and western Shaanxi, southern and central Ningxia, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Henan, southern and central Hebei, and Shandong. The epidemic could be attributed to relatively warm weather from November 2001 to March 2002, high frequencies of stripe rust races CYR31 and CYR32, and widely grown susceptible cultivars. Race CYR31 was virulent on the Chinese differential cultivars Trigo Eureka, Fulhard, Lutescens 128, Mentana, Virgilio, Abbondanza, Early Premium, Funo, Danish 1, Fengchan 3, Lovrin 13, Shuiyuan 11, Lovrin 10, and Hybrid 46. Race CYR32 had all the virulence factors of CYR31, plus virulences on Chinese differential cultivars Jubilejina 2 and Kangyin 655, i.e., CYR32 was virulent on all differential cultivars, except Zhong 4. When tested on the world and European differential and some other resistant genotypes, CYR32 was virulent on Chinese 166 (Yr1), Heines VII (Yr2, Yr25, and YrHVII), Vilmorin 23 (Yr3a and Yr4a), Heines Kolben (Yr6 and YrHK), Lee (Yr7, Yr22, and Yr23), Clement (Yr9, Yr25, YrCle), VPM1 (Yr17), Selkirk (Yr27), Anza (YrA), Carstens V (YrCV1, YrCV2, and YrCV3), Gaby (YrG), Strubes Dickkopf (Yr25), and Suwon 92/Omar (YrSO). Resistance genes in Triticum spelta album (Yr5), Zhong 4, and Moro (Yr10 and YrMor) were effective against all races identified. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wan, A AU - Zhao, Z AU - Chen, X AU - He, Z AU - Jin, S AU - Jia, Q AU - Yao, G AU - Yang, J AU - Wang, B AU - Li, G AU - Bi, Y AU - Yuan, Z AD - USDA-ARS, Wheat Genetics, Physiology, Quality, and Disease Research Unit, and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430, USA, xianming@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 896 EP - 904 VL - 88 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Virulence KW - Puccinia striiformis KW - Plant diseases KW - Epidemics KW - Triticum KW - Genotypes KW - China, People's Rep. KW - Stripe rust KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18029155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Wheat+Stripe+Rust+Epidemic+and+Virulence+of+Puccinia+striiformis+f.+sp.+tritici+in+China+in+2002&rft.au=Wan%2C+A%3BZhao%2C+Z%3BChen%2C+X%3BHe%2C+Z%3BJin%2C+S%3BJia%2C+Q%3BYao%2C+G%3BYang%2C+J%3BWang%2C+B%3BLi%2C+G%3BBi%2C+Y%3BYuan%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Wan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=896&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum; Puccinia striiformis; China, People's Rep.; Stripe rust; Epidemics; Plant diseases; Virulence; Genotypes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial diversity of Setosphaeria turcica sampled from the Eastern United States AN - 18027796; 6007704 AB - Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and mating type were used to examine regional population structure of Setosphaeria turcica in the eastern United States. Of 251 maize-infecting isolates studied, 155 multilocus haplotypes were identified using 21 RAPD markers. Twelve isolates of the most common haplotype were identified from seven states and represented 5.2% of the sample. Although variation in genetic diversity was greatest within states rather than between either regions or states within regions, multidimensional scaling based on average taxonomic distances among state samples showed a close association of samples from IL, OH, IN, IA, MN, MI/WI, and NC. Isolates from GA/SC, VA/TN, PA/NY, and FL were distant from this core group that included midwestern states and NC and were distinct from one another. The high genotypic diversity, near equal mating type frequencies, and gametic phase equilibrium in samples from several states are inconsistent with a strictly clonal population. The population genetic structure of S. turcica is likely the result of both asexual and sexual reproduction. It is not clear whether sexual recombination actually occurs in the eastern United States or occurs elsewhere in tropical America and recombinant genotypes migrate to North America. JF - Phytopathology AU - Ferguson, L M AU - Carson, M L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Plant Science Research, Raleigh, NC, USA, mcarson@umn.edu Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 892 EP - 900 VL - 94 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Genetic diversity KW - Sexual reproduction KW - Mating types KW - USA, East KW - Genotypes KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Setosphaeria turcica KW - Population genetics KW - Recombination KW - Haplotypes KW - DNA KW - Population structure KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18027796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Spatial+diversity+of+Setosphaeria+turcica+sampled+from+the+Eastern+United+States&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+L+M%3BCarson%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=892&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Setosphaeria turcica; USA, East; Mating types; Haplotypes; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Population structure; Recombination; Sexual reproduction; DNA; Genotypes; Population genetics; Genetic diversity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The social aspects of landscape change: protecting open space under the pressure of development AN - 17950457; 5892213 JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Gobster, PH AU - Stewart, SI AU - Bengston, D N AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1033 University Pl. Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201, USA, pgobster@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 149 EP - 151 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 69 IS - 2-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - open space conservation KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - Nature conservation KW - Development KW - Environmental perception KW - D 04692:Environmental perception UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17950457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=The+social+aspects+of+landscape+change%3A+protecting+open+space+under+the+pressure+of+development&rft.au=Gobster%2C+PH%3BStewart%2C+SI%3BBengston%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Gobster&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.landurbplan.2003.09.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental perception; Development; Nature conservation; Socio-economic aspects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.09.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal endophytes in woody roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) AN - 17870127; 6266437 AB - The fungal community inhabiting large woody roots of healthy conifers has not been well documented. To provide more information about such communities, a survey was conducted using increment cores from the woody roots of symptomless Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) growing in dry forests on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains in Washington state, USA. Fungal isolates were cultured on standard media, and then were identified using a combination of molecular and morphological methods. Fungal genera and species identified in this study will provide baseline data for future surveys of fungal endophytes. Examination of internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S rDNA sequences and morphology of cultured fungi identified 27 fungal genera. Two groups predominated: Byssochlamys nivea Westling (20.4% of isolations) and Umbelopsis species (10.4% of isolations). This is the first report of B. nivea within large woody roots of conifers. Both taxa have been previously identified as potential biological control agents. Although some trends were noted, this study found no significant evidence of host species or plant association effects on total recovery of fungal endophytes or recovery of specific fungal taxa. JF - Forest Pathology AU - Hoff, JA AU - Klopfenstein, N B AU - McDonald, GI AU - Tonn, J R AU - Kim, M-S AU - Zambino, P J AU - Hessburg, P F AU - Rogers, J D AU - Peever, T L AU - Carris, L M AD - USDA-FS, RMRS, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 1221 S. Main St, Moscow, ID 83843, USA, nklopfenstein@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 255 EP - 271 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd. VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 1437-4781, 1437-4781 KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Forests KW - Roots KW - Slope KW - Mountains KW - Cores KW - Endophytes KW - Byssochlamys nivea KW - Spacer KW - Dry forests KW - Host plants KW - Conifers KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01044:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17870127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Pathology&rft.atitle=Fungal+endophytes+in+woody+roots+of+Douglas-fir+%28Pseudotsuga+menziesii%29+and+ponderosa+pine+%28Pinus+ponderosa%29&rft.au=Hoff%2C+JA%3BKlopfenstein%2C+N+B%3BMcDonald%2C+GI%3BTonn%2C+J+R%3BKim%2C+M-S%3BZambino%2C+P+J%3BHessburg%2C+P+F%3BRogers%2C+J+D%3BPeever%2C+T+L%3BCarris%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Hoff&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Pathology&rft.issn=14374781&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0329.2004.00367.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Byssochlamys nivea; Roots; Endophytes; Conifers; Biological control; Host plants; Slope; Forests; Dry forests; Spacer; Mountains; Cores DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2004.00367.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activity of the Nucleopolyhedrovirus of the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Foliage of Transgenic Sweet Corn Expressing a CryIA(b) Toxin AN - 17797219; 6053089 AB - The activity of the nucleopolyhedrovirus of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (SfMNPV), on transgenic sweet corn, Zea mays (L.), expressing a CryIA(b) toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner), was studied in the laboratory. As the line of Bt corn that we studied has only limited efficacy against the fall armyworm, SfMNPV was evaluated as a supplemental treatment. When fall armyworm larvae reared on transgenic or nontransgenic foliage were fed equal dosages of occlusion bodies (OB), measured either as OB per larva or as OB/mg larval weight, mortality was higher among larvae feeding on transgenic corn. However, when larvae were allowed to feed ad libitum on treated foliage, mortality was higher in larvae on the nontransgenic corn. Rates of food consumption were higher on nontransgenic corn, apparently resulting in ingestion of more OBs and countering increased susceptibility of larvae on transgenic corn. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Farrar, R R AU - Shapiro, M AU - Shepard, B M AD - Corresponding author, e-mail, FarrarR@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 982 EP - 989 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - maize KW - Moths KW - Fall armyworm KW - Noctuid moths KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Foliage KW - Lepidoptera KW - Food consumption KW - Zea mays KW - occlusion bodies KW - Noctuidae KW - Feeding KW - Mortality KW - Sweet taste KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Toxins KW - Genetic engineering KW - A 01030:General KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17797219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Activity+of+the+Nucleopolyhedrovirus+of+the+Fall+Armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+on+Foliage+of+Transgenic+Sweet+Corn+Expressing+a+CryIA%28b%29+Toxin&rft.au=Farrar%2C+R+R%3BShapiro%2C+M%3BShepard%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=982&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=982 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Lepidoptera; Spodoptera frugiperda; Noctuidae; Bacillus thuringiensis; Biological control; Foliage; Sweet taste; Mortality; Toxins; Feeding; occlusion bodies; Food consumption; Genetic engineering DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0982:AOTNOT>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Mounds with Airborne Digital Imagery AN - 17770391; 6053056 AB - Airborne multispectral digital imagery was used to detect imported fire ant mounds in northeast Mississippi pasture. Images were acquired using a GeoVantage GeoScanner camera system, flown at an altitude of 610 m, for a resolution of 0.25 m, and 305 m, for a resolution of 0.1 m. Images were obtained during May 2002, August 2002, November 2002, and February 2003. Distinct mound signatures could be seen in images from May, November, and February; August images were difficult to interpret. Many mounds appeared as dark or light spots of bare soil surrounded by a halo of vigorous vegetation. Up to 75% of mounds were visible in false color infrared images. Mound characteristics (area, height, activity, percent vegetation cover) and image characteristics (image color, spatial resolution) all affected mound detection for at least one sampling period. Increasing spatial resolution from 0.25 to 0.1 m did not affect mound detection in May; during other times of the year, increased resolution improved detection by approximately 38%. False color infrared images were generally superior to true color images for mound detection. Potential overestimation because of commission errors was 17-29%. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Vogt, J T Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1045 EP - 1051 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Red imported fire ant KW - Black imported fire ant KW - Ants KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Formicidae KW - Image processing KW - Solenopsis richteri KW - Methodology KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Cameras KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Mounds KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17770391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Quantifying+Imported+Fire+Ant+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+Mounds+with+Airborne+Digital+Imagery&rft.au=Vogt%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Vogt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=1045 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis invicta; Solenopsis richteri; Formicidae; USA, Mississippi; Methodology; Spatial distribution; Image processing; Cameras; Mounds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<1045:QIFAHF>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal Distribution of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Host Strains in Agricultural and Turf Grass Habitats AN - 17769070; 6053078 AB - Male fall armyworm moths [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)] were captured in pheromone traps over a 16- to 24-mo period in selected sites in southern Florida. Molecular markers were used to determine whether individuals were of one of two host strains (historically designated 'rice-strain' and 'corn-strain'). Traps placed in agricultural areas showed a population peak in the spring (March-May) and fall (October-December), with a prolonged decline in numbers in summer (July-October) and a smaller reduction in mid-winter (January). The host strain distribution during these periods varied significantly, suggesting strain-specific and seasonal population patterns. Both strains were captured in substantial numbers during the spring peak, but surprisingly, only the rice-strain showed an increase in capture rates during the fall, despite the presence of sweet corn throughout this period. Trap captures in a sod (turfgrass) farm were composed almost entirely of the rice-strain and showed a bimodal seasonal distribution similar to that seen in the agricultural areas, with peaks in the spring and fall. These results represent the first indication that the two host strains might have substantially different population dynamics in the overwintering agricultural areas of Florida and suggest that the rice-strain is the predominant fall armyworm pest during the fall and winter growing periods. It further indicates that the two strains can display a markedly different response to seasonal environmental cues. The implications of these findings on our understanding of fall armyworm migration are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Nagoshi, R N AU - Meagher, R L Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 881 EP - 889 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Fall armyworm KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Spatial distribution KW - USA, Florida KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Pheromone traps KW - Turf KW - Population dynamics KW - Noctuidae KW - Seasonal variations KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17769070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+Distribution+of+Fall+Armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+Host+Strains+in+Agricultural+and+Turf+Grass+Habitats&rft.au=Nagoshi%2C+R+N%3BMeagher%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Nagoshi&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=881 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Spodoptera frugiperda; USA, Florida; Seasonal variations; Spatial distribution; Agricultural ecosystems; Pheromone traps; Turf; Population dynamics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0881:SDOFAL>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Home Range Characteristics Of Fishers in California AN - 17767839; 6052269 AB - The fisher (Martes pennanti) is a forest mustelid that historically occurred in California from the mixed conifer forests of the north coast, east to the southern Cascades, and south throughout the Sierra Nevada. Today fishers in California occur only in 2 disjunct populations in the northwestern mountains and the southern Sierra Nevada. We studied the ecology of fishers in both populations (the north coast [Coastal] and southern Sierra Nevada [Sierra]) to characterize the size and composition of their home ranges, and to compare features between locations. Twenty-one (9 Coastal, 12 Sierra) of 46 radiocollared fishers were relocated frequently enough (>20 times) to estimate home ranges. The home ranges of males ([Xmacr] = 3,934.5 ha) were significantly greater than those of females (980.5 ha), and the home ranges of females were significantly greater in the Coastal than in the Sierra area. The smaller home ranges in the Sierra were probably due to productive habitats rich in black oak (Quercus kelloggii). Midseral Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and white fir (Abies concolor) types composed the greatest proportion (42.8%) of home ranges in the Coastal study area. The greatest proportion of home ranges in the Sierra study area were in the intermediate tree size class (60.7%), had dense canopy closure (66.3%), and were in the Sierran Mixed Conifer type (40.1%). These measures provide guidelines for managers who wish to influence landscape features to resemble occupied fisher habitat. The recovery of fishers in the Pacific States, however, will also require the consideration of microhabitat elements and characteristics of landscapes that might affect metapopulation dynamics. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Zielinski, W J AU - Truex, R L AU - Schmidt, G A AU - Schlexer, F V AU - Schmidt, K N AU - Barrett, R H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Dr., Arcata, CA 95521, USA (WJZ, RLT, FVS) Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 649 EP - 657 PB - American Society of Mammalogists VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Martes pennanti KW - Quercus kelloggii KW - Abies concolor KW - Landscape KW - Forests KW - Conifers KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Habitat utilization KW - Home range KW - USA, California KW - Metapopulations KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25507:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17767839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Home+Range+Characteristics+Of+Fishers+in+California&rft.au=Zielinski%2C+W+J%3BTruex%2C+R+L%3BSchmidt%2C+G+A%3BSchlexer%2C+F+V%3BSchmidt%2C+K+N%3BBarrett%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Zielinski&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2372%282004%290852.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-2372&volume=85&page=649 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Abies concolor; Martes pennanti; Quercus kelloggii; Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, California; Home range; Habitat utilization; Forests; Conifers; Landscape; Metapopulations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2372(2004)085<0649:HRCOFC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inducible Responses in Papaya: Impact on Population Growth Rates of Herbivorous Mites and Powdery Mildew Under Field Conditions AN - 17767321; 6053061 AB - Induced plant responses to herbivores and pathogens have been found in many systems. We examined intra- and interspecific interactions among three parasites through induced responses in their shared host plant, papaya. Three key parasites attack papaya foliage in Hawaii: the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval); the papaya rust mite, Calacarus flagelliseta Fletchmann, De Moraes, and Barbosa; and the powdery mildew causal agent, Oidium caricae F. Noack. Under laboratory conditions, papaya seedlings were first exposed to standardized populations of mites and mildew; the parasites were removed, and the clean, previously infested plants were transplanted into the field to be exposed to colonization by natural populations of plant parasites. Population growth of colonizers was monitored for a period of 3 mo. We found no evidence for induced plant resistance. Rather, our results suggest that papaya expresses a weak form of induced susceptibility after injury from papaya rust mites and powdery mildew. Plants exposed to rust mites as young seedlings subsequently supported larger populations of spider mites, and plants exposed early to powdery mildew subsequently supported larger populations of rust mites. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fournier, V AU - Rosenheim, JA AU - Brodeur, J AU - Johnson, M W AD - Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, vfournier@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1088 EP - 1094 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Acari KW - Papayas KW - Papaya KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Oidium caricae KW - Caricaceae KW - Carica papaya KW - Tetranychus cinnabarinus KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Herbivory KW - Pathogens KW - Defense mechanisms KW - Calacarus flagelliseta KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04660:Arachnids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17767321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Inducible+Responses+in+Papaya%3A+Impact+on+Population+Growth+Rates+of+Herbivorous+Mites+and+Powdery+Mildew+Under+Field+Conditions&rft.au=Fournier%2C+V%3BRosenheim%2C+JA%3BBrodeur%2C+J%3BJohnson%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Fournier&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1088&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=1088 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Caricaceae; Carica papaya; Tetranychus cinnabarinus; Calacarus flagelliseta; Oidium caricae; USA, Hawaii; Defense mechanisms; Herbivory; Pathogens; Host-parasite interactions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<1088:IRIPIO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival and Predation of Delphastus Catalinae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Predator of Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), After Exposure to a Range of Constant Temperatures AN - 17767191; 6053073 AB - Delphastus catalinae (Horn) is a predator of whiteflies that has shown promise as a tool in pest management strategies. Exposure to short-term temperature extremes can affect the survival of predators in a greenhouse or field environment. The B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), survives the winters of mild climates (where temperatures are commonly above 0 degree C), but it is not known if D. catalinae can survive such winters. The influence of constant temperature on the survival of D. catalinae was determined in the laboratory using eggs and nymphs of the B-biotype B. tabaci. Over 90% of the adult beetles exposed to temperature regimens of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degree C for 24 h survived when confined with hosts. The lower and upper thresholds for survival over that duration were around 0 and 40 degree C, respectively; similar to 1% of the insects survived temperatures beyond these extremes. Survival of D. catalinae pupae was similar to that of adults. Adult D. catalinae survived up to 5.8 mo when confined on a plant infested with whitefly eggs and nymphs and held at 25 degree C; 50% of the cohort survived for 3.4 mo. Those held in a similar test at 35 degree C lived up to 0.6 mo. The number of immature whiteflies consumed during 24 h by adult D. catalinae generally increased with temperatures of 14-30 degree C. This study provides information on temperatures that may affect the survival of D. catalinae during commercial shipment and after release for biological control in the field or greenhouse, and it may help in the understanding of their ability to survive mild winters. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Simmons, A M AU - Legaspi, J C Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 839 EP - 843 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Homoptera KW - Ladybird beetles KW - Whiteflies KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Temperature effects KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Predation KW - Survival KW - Coccinellidae KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Delphastus catalinae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17767191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Survival+and+Predation+of+Delphastus+Catalinae+%28Coleoptera%3A+Coccinellidae%29%2C+a+Predator+of+Whiteflies+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29%2C+After+Exposure+to+a+Range+of+Constant+Temperatures&rft.au=Simmons%2C+A+M%3BLegaspi%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=839 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphastus catalinae; Coccinellidae; Aleyrodidae; Bemisia tabaci; Predation; Survival; Temperature effects; Biological control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0839:SAPODC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Control of Aflatoxin Contamination of Crops AN - 17765670; 6089091 AB - Aflatoxin contamination of crops compromises the safety of food and feed supplies and causes significant economic losses each year. Of the many research approaches being studied to reduce and, ultimately, eliminate aflatoxin contamination, biological control is one of the more promising, particularly for the near-term. Numerous organisms have been tested for biological control of aflatoxin contamination including bacteria, yeasts, and nontoxigenic strains of the causal organisms, Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Most of the field successes to date have been achieved by applying certain nontoxigenic strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus to soil of susceptible crops, such as peanuts, cotton, and corn. The applied strains occupy the same niche as the naturally occurring toxigenic strains and competitively exclude them when crops are susceptible to infection. Various formulations have been used to apply the nontoxigenic strains to soil, but the most effective methods have been to combine the desired strain with a carrier/substrate, such as a small grain. This was done either by minimally growing the desired strain on sterilized grain or by coating the surface of the grain with conidia of the strain. After application to the field and uptake of moisture, the fungus completely colonizes the grain, and abundant sporulation provides inoculum levels sufficient to achieve a competitive advantage for the nontoxigenic strain. In several years of field studies, particularly with peanuts and cotton, significant reductions in aflatoxin contamination in the range of 70-90% have been achieved consistently. Two separate products have recently received EPA registration as biopesticides to control aflatoxin contamination in cotton (AF36) and peanuts (afla-guard registered ). JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Dorner, J W AD - National Peanut Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 509, Dawson, GA 39842, USA, jdorner@nprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 425 EP - 450 VL - 23 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - corn KW - cotton KW - maize KW - peanuts KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Cotton KW - Niches KW - Sporulation KW - Aflatoxins KW - Food poisoning KW - Nuts KW - Conidia KW - Food contamination KW - Gossypium KW - Toxins KW - Zea mays KW - Reviews KW - Economics KW - Grain KW - Inoculum KW - Coatings KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17765670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Biological+Control+of+Aflatoxin+Contamination+of+Crops&rft.au=Dorner%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Dorner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-200027877 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Cotton; Niches; Aflatoxins; Sporulation; Nuts; Food poisoning; Conidia; Food contamination; Toxins; Reviews; Economics; Inoculum; Grain; Coatings; Arachis hypogaea; Aspergillus flavus; Zea mays; Gossypium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-200027877 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological Correlates Of Flying Squirrel Microhabitat Use And Density In Temperate Rainforests Of Southeastern Alaska AN - 17765244; 6052271 AB - We studied habitat relations of the Prince of Wales flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus griseifrons), an endemic of the temperate, coniferous rainforest of southeastern Alaska, because of concerns over population viability from extensive clear-cut logging in the region. We used stepwise logistic regression to examine relationships between microhabitat use (i.e., captures among traps spaced at 40-m intervals) and 26 vegetative and structural habitat features measured in plots centered on trap stations. Seasonal (spring, autumn) models were created for two old-growth forest types: upland, western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)-Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) forests (upland-OG); and peatland-scrub-mixed-conifer forests (peatland-MC). Density of trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) >74 cm and abundance of Vaccinium were positively correlated with microhabitat use in peatland-MC during both seasons. During spring and autumn, the odds of capturing a flying squirrel increased by factors of 2.7 and 16.9, respectively, with an increase in mean density of 10 large trees/ha. Microhabitat use of upland-OG during autumn was positively correlated with density of snags with a dbh of 50-74 cm and negatively correlated with percentage cover of understory herbaceous vegetation; microhabitat use during spring was inversely correlated with percentage surface cover of water. At the macrohabitat (13-ha replicate of forest type) scale, large (>74-cm dbh) trees explained 65% of the variation in density between forest types; percent cover of moss and volume of down wood in decay classes I-IV explained 70% and 63-77% of the variation, respectively. Our findings corroborate general patterns reported for western coniferous forests, but suggest that G. sabrinus in temperate rainforests of southeastern Alaska differ ecologically from populations in the Pacific Northwest in important ways. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Smith, W P AU - Gende, S M AU - Nichols, J V AD - United States Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane-Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801-8545, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 663 EP - 674 PB - American Society of Mammalogists VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Glaucomys sabrinus KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - Vaccinium KW - Habitat KW - Picea sitchensis KW - Rain forests KW - Traps KW - Microenvironments KW - Tsuga KW - Habitat utilization KW - Decay KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17765244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Ecological+Correlates+Of+Flying+Squirrel+Microhabitat+Use+And+Density+In+Temperate+Rainforests+Of+Southeastern+Alaska&rft.au=Smith%2C+W+P%3BGende%2C+S+M%3BNichols%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2372%282004%290852.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-2372&volume=85&page=663 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vaccinium; Picea sitchensis; Tsuga; Glaucomys sabrinus; USA, Alaska; Forests; Habitat utilization; Microenvironments; Rain forests; Trees; Traps; Habitat; Decay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2372(2004)085<0663:ECOFSM>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying Sources of Resistance to Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Contamination in Corn Grain AN - 17762100; 6089089 AB - Researchers at the University of Illinois seek to identify sources of genetic resistance that contribute alleles for low aflatoxin and low fumonisin accumulation in grain and low severity of Aspergillus and Fusarium ear rots to commercial corn (Zea mays L.) inbreds. Studies of resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in grain and Aspergillus ear rot began in 1988 with experiments designed to address fundamental needs of a new breeding program. Through the 1990s, diverse inbred lines, test crosses, and segregating populations were developed and evaluated for resistance in numerous environments. Concerns of industry inspired researchers to initiate an accelerated program for resistance to fumonisin accumulation in grain and Fusarium ear rot in the late 1990s. Present research in both programs is directed with the latest molecular marker technology, and is focused on incorporating novel genes for resistance from diverse sources into elite inbred lines that impart high yield to hybrid performance. With continued funding, agronomically superior sources of resistance along with information on molecular markers associated with resistance soon may be released. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Clements, MJ AU - White, D G AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, P.O. Box 53675, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, mclements@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 381 EP - 396 VL - 23 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - maize KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fusarium KW - Fumonisins KW - Contamination KW - Breeding KW - Zea mays KW - Ear rot KW - Reviews KW - Grain KW - Aflatoxins KW - Aspergillus KW - Toxins KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17762100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Identifying+Sources+of+Resistance+to+Aflatoxin+and+Fumonisin+Contamination+in+Corn+Grain&rft.au=Clements%2C+MJ%3BWhite%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-200027865 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fumonisins; Breeding; Contamination; Ear rot; Reviews; Aflatoxins; Grain; Toxins; Fusarium; Zea mays; Aspergillus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-200027865 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progress in Elucidating the Molecular Basis of the Host Plant - Aspergillus flavus Interaction, a Basis for Devising Strategies to Reduce Aflatoxin Contamination in Crops AN - 17761016; 6089088 AB - Understanding the complex interrelationships of plant and fungal gene products during the host plant - Aspergillus flavus interaction is key in developing strategies to interrupt the aflatoxin contamination process. Fungal processes necessary for invasion of the plant and production of aflatoxin can be broken down into three categories: 1) cell wall degradation (cellulases, pectinases, amylases, and proteinases), 2) fungal development (cell wall synthesis and conidiophore and conidial formation), and 3) aflatoxin biosynthesis and regulation. Fungal expressed sequence tag (EST) projects have led to a rapid expansion in the number of candidate genes governing the processes involved in invasion of the plant and aflatoxin contamination. Plant factors have been discovered through the use of proteomics and natural product chemistry that may influence fungal processes involved in invasion and aflatoxin contamination. These factors can also be divided into three categories: 1) seed proteins/inhibitors of fungal cell wall degrading enzymes, 2) seed/kernel natural products that may influence fungal growth and/or aflatoxin synthesis, and 3) plant stress-responsive proteins. If the interaction between the plant and the fungus can be better understood through use of proteomics, genomics, and natural product chemistry, particularly in how plant factors may influence fungal processes contributing to virulence and aflatoxin contamination, this information could accelerate development of breeding through marker selection and/or gene insertion technologies for enhancing host plant resistance. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Cleveland, TE AU - Yu, Jiujiang AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Chen, Zhi-Yuan AU - Brown, R L AU - Chang, Perng-Kuang AU - Cary, J W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS), Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, eclevela@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 345 EP - 380 VL - 23 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Seeds KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Biodegradation KW - Contamination KW - Aflatoxins KW - natural products KW - expressed sequence tags KW - Host plants KW - Crops KW - Cellulase KW - alpha -Amylase KW - Breeding KW - Reviews KW - Kernels KW - Proteinase KW - genomics KW - proteomics KW - Cell walls KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17761016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Progress+in+Elucidating+the+Molecular+Basis+of+the+Host+Plant+-+Aspergillus+flavus+Interaction%2C+a+Basis+for+Devising+Strategies+to+Reduce+Aflatoxin+Contamination+in+Crops&rft.au=Cleveland%2C+TE%3BYu%2C+Jiujiang%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BChen%2C+Zhi-Yuan%3BBrown%2C+R+L%3BChang%2C+Perng-Kuang%3BCary%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Cleveland&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-200027892 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seeds; Biodegradation; Contamination; Aflatoxins; natural products; Host plants; expressed sequence tags; Cellulase; Crops; alpha -Amylase; Breeding; Reviews; Kernels; Proteinase; proteomics; genomics; Cell walls; Aspergillus flavus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-200027892 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth, Water Relations, and Nutritive Value of Pasture Species Mixtures under Moisture Stress AN - 17760861; 6088576 AB - Pasture productivity under harsh environments can be increased by planting more drought-resistant species or by increasing species diversity. This research was conducted under two large (10.2 x 26.8 m) rainout shelters combined with a drip irrigation system to provide deficit, normal, and excessive moisture conditions. A two-species mixture containing the relatively drought-tolerant species, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) and two five-species mixtures were compared with a mixture containing the drought-sensitive species, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), which are the predominant species in northeastern USA pastures. Plots were clipped from mid-May to early October in 2000 and 2001 on a schedule that mimicked management-intensive grazing practices. The five-species mixture containing chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), orchardgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and white clover had the greatest dry matter yield at all moisture levels. Yield in that mixture increased 89% in the dry, 61% in the normal, and 43% (by weight) in the wet treatments compared with the white clover/Kentucky bluegrass mixture. Increased yield was primarily due to the robust growth of chicory which dominated the mixture, accounting for 71% of harvested biomass by the fall of 2001. In addition, white clover growing in the mixture with chicory had improved leaf water relations and greater relative growth rates than white clover growing in the two-species mixture. Including the functional attribute of a deep-rooted forb appeared to be more important than species richness, per se, in improving forage yield. JF - Crop Science AU - Skinner, R H AU - Gustine, D L AU - Sanderson, MA AD - USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Building 3702 Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802, USA, howard.skinner@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1361 EP - 1369 VL - 44 IS - 4 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - moisture KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Moisture KW - Orchardgrass KW - Pastures KW - Species Diversity KW - Drip Irrigation KW - Crops KW - Forages KW - Water Relations KW - Poa pratensis KW - Dactylis glomerata KW - Trifolium pratense KW - Clovers KW - Cichorium intybus KW - Perennial Ryegrass KW - Growth rate KW - Dry Matter KW - Grazing KW - Moisture Stress KW - Stress KW - Growth Rates KW - Biomass KW - Water stress KW - Bluegrasses KW - Forage KW - Productivity KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17760861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Growth%2C+Water+Relations%2C+and+Nutritive+Value+of+Pasture+Species+Mixtures+under+Moisture+Stress&rft.au=Skinner%2C+R+H%3BGustine%2C+D+L%3BSanderson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cichorium intybus; Poa pratensis; Trifolium pratense; Dactylis glomerata; Clovers; Pastures; Bluegrasses; Moisture; Orchardgrass; Water Relations; Species Diversity; Perennial Ryegrass; Biomass; Growth Rates; Forages; Grazing; Productivity; Crops; Drip Irrigation; Moisture Stress; Dry Matter; Water stress; Growth rate; Forage; Stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of HYDRUS-2D Simulations of Drip Irrigation with Experimental Observations AN - 17728745; 6000749 AB - Realizing the full potential of drip irrigation technology requires optimizing the operational parameters that are available to irrigators, such as the frequency, rate, and duration of water application and the placement of drip tubing. Numerical simulation is a fast and inexpensive approach to studying optimal management practices. Unfortunately, little work has been done to investigate the accuracy of numerical simulations, leading some to question the usefulness of simulation as a research and design tool. In this study, we compare HYDRUS-2D simulations of drip irrigation with experimental data. A Hanford sandy loam soil was irrigated using thin-walled drip tubing installed at a depth of 6 cm. Three trials (20, 40, and 60 L times m super(-1) applied water) were carried out. At the end of each irrigation and approximately 24 h later, the water content distribution in the soil was determined by gravimetric sampling. The HYDRUS-2D predictions of the water content distribution are found to be in very good agreement with the data. The results support the use of HYDRUS-2D as a tool for investigating and designing drip irrigation management practices. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Skaggs, TH AU - Trout, T J AU - Simuenek, J AU - Shouse, P J AD - George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA, tskaggs@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 304 EP - 310 VL - 130 IS - 4 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Experimental Data KW - Distribution KW - Irrigation Engineering KW - Simulation KW - Irrigation Water KW - Sampling KW - Loam KW - Drip Irrigation KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17728745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+HYDRUS-2D+Simulations+of+Drip+Irrigation+with+Experimental+Observations&rft.au=Skaggs%2C+TH%3BTrout%2C+T+J%3BSimuenek%2C+J%3BShouse%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Skaggs&rft.aufirst=TH&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=304&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9437%282004%29130%3A4%28304%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Simulation; Drip Irrigation; Distribution; Prediction; Sampling; Experimental Data; Irrigation Engineering; Loam; Irrigation Water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2004)130:4(304) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cultural Methods for Aflatoxin Detection AN - 17724116; 6089086 AB - Aflatoxins present important food safely problems in both developed and developing countries. Contamination is monitored in developed countries using enzyme-linked immunusorbent assay (ELISA)- and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based assays, both of which may be too expensive for routine use in many developing countries. There is a need for inexpensive alternative approaches to detect aflatoxins in lots of foods and feeds. Reviewed here are culture-based methods that determine if a sample is contaminated with aflatoxigenic fungi. These approaches include 1) blue fluorescence of aflatoxin B sub(1), particularly when enhanced by including beta -cyclodextrin in the culture medium, 2) yellow pigment production, and 3) color change on exposure to ammonium hydroxide vapor. The presence of aflatoxin B sub(1) can be detected by its blue fluorescence, which is enhanced when the toxin complexes with the hydrophobic pocket of beta -cyclodextrin. The yellow pigment and ammonium hydroxide vapor tests are based on the production of yellow anthraquinone biosynthetic intermediates in the aflatoxin pathway. These compounds act as pH indicator dyes, which are more visible when they have turned red at alkaline pH. Because these tests are based on two different mechanisms, it has been possible to combine them into a single test. In a study of 517 A. flavus isolates from the Mississippi Delta, the combined assay reduced false positives for aflatoxigenicity to 0%, and false negatives to 7%. The increased predictive power of the combined cultural assay may enable its use for inexpensively identifying potential aflatoxin contamination in feeds and foods. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Abbas, H K AU - Shier, W T AU - Horn, B W AU - Weaver, MA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, CG & PRU, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA, habbas@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 295 EP - 315 VL - 23 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - ammonium hydroxide KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - anthraquinone KW - Aflatoxins KW - Food contamination KW - Vapors KW - Dyes KW - Pigments KW - beta -Cyclodextrin KW - Reviews KW - Developing countries KW - pH effects KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17724116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Cultural+Methods+for+Aflatoxin+Detection&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BShier%2C+W+T%3BHorn%2C+B+W%3BWeaver%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-200027854 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aflatoxin B1; High-performance liquid chromatography; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; anthraquinone; Aflatoxins; Food contamination; Vapors; Dyes; Reviews; beta -Cyclodextrin; Pigments; pH effects; Developing countries; Aspergillus flavus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-200027854 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging Technologies for Mycotoxin Detection AN - 17723701; 6089087 AB - The history of the development of analytical methods for detecting fungal toxins is rich and varied. Method development has followed a process somewhat akin to Darwinian evolution: methods are selected based upon the characteristics most desirable to the analyst. Typically, this has lead to the development of accurate and sensitive methods for their detection, with a recurring emphasis on improving the speed and lowering the costs of the assays. Like evolution, there have been radical developments, incremental developments, and techniques that have fallen from favor only to be rediscovered. This review focuses on recent developments in technologies for detection of mycotoxins, with a particular emphasis on the myriad forms of biosensors that have begun to appear. Specifically, recent development in evanescent wave technologies (surface plasmon resonance, fiber optic sensors), lateral flow and dipstick devices, fluorescence polarization and time-resolved fluorescence, microbead assays, and capillary electrophoretic immunoassays, are described. The challenge for the emerging technologies is to demonstrate advantages over the more conventional, and better established, techniques in settings outside the analytical laboratory. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Maragos, C M AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA, maragocm@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 317 EP - 344 VL - 23 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Biosensors KW - Mycotoxins KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - Reviews KW - Detection KW - Immunoassays KW - Evolution KW - Fluorescence polarization KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17723701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Emerging+Technologies+for+Mycotoxin+Detection&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-200027859 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biosensors; Mycotoxins; surface plasmon resonance; Reviews; Detection; Immunoassays; Evolution; Fluorescence polarization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-200027859 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of Exposure to and Mitigation of Effect of Aflatoxin on Human Health: A West African Example AN - 17723458; 6089083 AB - The purpose of this chapter is to examine the relative risk of exposure of different human populations to food-borne aflatoxins; the types of health impact that may be incurred by dietary exposure to aflatoxins; and possible strategies likely to mitigate risks to human health. Risk of exposure is examined in a global context comparing risk of toxin exposure by levels of national socioeconomic development. Then risk of exposure is reexamined in the context of agro-ecology, distribution of toxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus, and social factors that influence food management practices. The effects of aflatoxin exposure on human health are explored in three sections: human disease and nutritional status, carcinogenicity, and child growth and development. The section concerning mitigation of the effects of aflatoxin on human health contrasts efficacy of regulation, food basket modification, and production-side agriculture intervention. It is concluded that risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in developing countries, such as West Africa, may be addressed by vaccination for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and other public health options. Young children in West Africa who are chronically exposed to aflatoxin in foods and who consume nutritionally deficient diets have been shown to be stunted and underweight, as measured by World Health Organization (WHO) Z-scores. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Cardwell, K F AU - Henry, SH AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, CSREES, Washington, DC 20024, USA, kcardwell@csrees.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 217 EP - 247 VL - 23 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Underweight KW - Public health KW - Africa, West KW - Toxigenicity KW - Diets KW - Aflatoxins KW - Developing countries KW - Risk assessment KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Hepatocellular carcinoma KW - Nutritional status KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - Food contamination KW - Vaccination KW - Reviews KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17723458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Risk+of+Exposure+to+and+Mitigation+of+Effect+of+Aflatoxin+on+Human+Health%3A+A+West+African+Example&rft.au=Cardwell%2C+K+F%3BHenry%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-200027817 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatitis B virus; Aspergillus flavus; Africa, West; Developing countries; Carcinogenicity; Diets; Public health; Aflatoxins; Food contamination; Nutritional status; Underweight; Reviews; Vaccination; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Risk assessment; Toxigenicity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-200027817 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitory Activities of Colicins against Escherichia coli Strains Responsible for Postweaning Diarrhea and Edema Disease in Swine AN - 17709047; 5963327 AB - The efficacies of colicins E1 and N against Escherichia coli strains responsible for postweaning diarrhea and edema disease, two of the most prevalent disease problems for pigs in the United States, were determined in vitro. These proteins may provide an environmentally sound means for the prevention of these infections in swine. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Stahl, Chad H AU - Callaway, Todd R AU - Lincoln, Leslie M AU - Lonergan, Steven M AU - Genovese, Kenneth J AD - Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 3119 EP - 3121 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 48 IS - 8 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - USA KW - Diarrhea KW - Escherichia coli KW - Colicins KW - Sound KW - Edema KW - Infection KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17709047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Inhibitory+Activities+of+Colicins+against+Escherichia+coli+Strains+Responsible+for+Postweaning+Diarrhea+and+Edema+Disease+in+Swine&rft.au=Stahl%2C+Chad+H%3BCallaway%2C+Todd+R%3BLincoln%2C+Leslie+M%3BLonergan%2C+Steven+M%3BGenovese%2C+Kenneth+J&rft.aulast=Stahl&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diarrhea; Sound; Colicins; Edema; Infection; Escherichia coli; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral Response of Lygus hesperus to Conspecifics and Headspace Volatiles of Alfalfa in a Y-Tube Olfactometer AN - 17705091; 6055751 AB - The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, feeds and develops on a variety of weeds in the spring, with later generations moving to alfalfa and cotton where severe damage to reproductive structures can occur. A synthetic attractant for monitoring or mass-trapping L. hesperus, or the identification of potential attractants for natural enemies, would be useful tools for integrated pest management programs. Studies investigated the response of naive and experienced fifth-instar and adult L. hesperus to odors associated with conspecifics and alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. Fifth-instar L. hesperus responded to all plant/insect combinations, whereas female L. hesperus only responded preferentially to vegetative and flowering alfalfa where conspecifics had fed for 24-72 hr, and to vegetative alfalfa where conspecifics were added approximately 30 min before the test began. Males were not attracted to headspace volatiles from any of the alfalfa treatments. Analysis of headspace volatiles showed that (E)-2-hexanal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, alpha -pinene, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, limonene, (Z)-ocimene, (E)- beta -ocimene, linalool, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and (E, E)- alpha -farnesene are emitted from both vegetative and flowering alfalfa. Indole and (3E, 7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene were only detected in flowering alfalfa. Damage to alfalfa by L. hesperus increased emissions of (Z)-ocimene, (E)- beta -ocimene, (E)- beta -caryophyllene, and (E, E)- alpha -farnesene, while beta -pinene, myrcene, methyl salicylate, and (3E, 7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene were only detected from damaged plants. Thus, individual or mixtures of these alfalfa volatiles may be useful as attractants for capturing nymphs and adult females of L. hesperus in the field. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Blackmer, J L AU - Rodriguez-Saona, C AU - Byers, JA AU - Shope, K L AU - Smith, J P AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS,, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, Arizona 85040, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1547 EP - 1564 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 30 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Hemiptera KW - Plant Bugs KW - Alfalfa KW - Leaf Bugs KW - Jumping tree bugs KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Olfactometers KW - Miridae KW - Volatiles KW - Fabaceae KW - Lygus hesperus KW - Medicago sativa KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17705091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+Response+of+Lygus+hesperus+to+Conspecifics+and+Headspace+Volatiles+of+Alfalfa+in+a+Y-Tube+Olfactometer&rft.au=Blackmer%2C+J+L%3BRodriguez-Saona%2C+C%3BByers%2C+JA%3BShope%2C+K+L%3BSmith%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Blackmer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOEC.0000042067.27698.30 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lygus hesperus; Miridae; Fabaceae; Medicago sativa; Volatiles; Olfactometers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000042067.27698.30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endophytic-Host Selectivity of Discula umbrinella on Quercus alba and Quercus rubra Characterized by Infection, Pathogenicity and Mycelial Compatibility AN - 17704993; 6056222 AB - The fungal endophytic-host relationships of Discula umbrinella and two oak species, Quercus alba and Quercus rubra, were characterized on the basis of endophytic infection, pathogenicity, and mycelial compatibility. Isolates of D. umbrinella were cultured from leaves of Q. alba and Q. rubra collected from a hardwood forest located in Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Laurel, Maryland, USA. Endophytic infection was observed on sterile leaf discs and living 2-month-old seedlings of Q. alba and Q. rubra. Fungal-host reciprocal inoculations revealed the presence of conidiomata on both hosts but conidiomata production was more abundant on Q. alba. Isolates from Q. rubra produced milder disease symptoms on both oak species. Mycelial compatibility studies identified seven different MCG groups. MCG groups 1-3 contained isolates from both oak species whereas MCG groups 4-7 contained host specific isolates. Field studies monitored the seasonal appearance of the sexual fruiting structures, perithecia, as a possible source of new genetic variation that might alter host specificity/pathogenicity of the D. umbrinella isolates on Q. alba and Q. rubra hosts. Only 1-2% of the leaves contained perithecia throughout the sampling period (April-September). Isolates collected from Q. alba differed from those collected from Q. rubra in endophytic infection, pathogenic response, and perithecia production. The results of this study suggest that the endophyte-host relationship is one of host selective preference for Q. alba, but that the endophyte has the ability to maintain the endophytic/pathogenic life cycle on the less preferred host species, Q. rubra. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Cohen, S D AD - USDA APHIS, North Central Research Station, Greenhouse Annex, 1561 Lindig Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, susan.d.cohen@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 713 EP - 721 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 110 IS - 7 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - Northern red oak KW - White oak KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Genetic diversity KW - Life cycle KW - Discula umbrinella KW - Pathogenicity KW - Compatibility KW - Endophytes KW - Fruit bodies KW - Mycelia KW - Perithecia KW - Quercus alba KW - Quercus rubra KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Inoculation KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17704993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Endophytic-Host+Selectivity+of+Discula+umbrinella+on+Quercus+alba+and+Quercus+rubra+Characterized+by+Infection%2C+Pathogenicity+and+Mycelial+Compatibility&rft.au=Cohen%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AEJPP.0000041564.63509.2f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Discula umbrinella; Quercus alba; Quercus rubra; Pathogenicity; Host-pathogen interactions; Life cycle; Endophytes; Genetic diversity; Perithecia; Mycelia; Compatibility; Fruit bodies; Inoculation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EJPP.0000041564.63509.2f ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Comparison of Constitutive Promoters for Expression of Transgenes in Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) AN - 17696955; 6056260 AB - The activity of constitutive promoters was compared in transgenic alfalfa plants using two marker genes. Three promoters, the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), the cassava vein mosaic virus (CsVMV) promoter, and the sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus (ScBV) promoter were each fused to the beta -glucuronidase (gusA) gene. The highest GUS enzyme activity was obtained using the CsVMV promoter and all alfalfa cells assayed by in situ staining had high levels of enzyme activity. The 35S promoter was expressed in leaves, roots, and stems at moderate levels, but the promoter was not active in stem pith cells, root cortical cells, or in the symbiotic zones of nodules. The ScBV promoter was active primarily in vascular tissues throughout the plant. In leaves, GUS activity driven by the CsVMV promoter was approximately 24-fold greater than the activity from the 35S promoter and 38-fold greater than the activity from the ScBV promoter. Five promoters, the double 35S promoter, figwort mosaic virus (FMV) promoter, CsVMV promoter, ScBV promoter, and alfalfa small subunit Rubisco (RbcS) promoter were used to control expression of a cDNA from Trichoderma atroviride encoding an endochitinase (ech42). Highest chitinase activity in leaves, roots, and root nodules was obtained in plants containing the CsVMV:ech42 transgene. Plants expressing the endochitinase were challenged with Phoma medicaginis var. medicaginis, the causal agent of spring black stem and leaf spot of alfalfa. Although endochitinase activity in leaves of transgenic plants was 50- to 2650-fold greater than activity in control plants, none of the transgenic plants showed a consistent increase in disease resistance compared to controls. The high constitutive levels of both GUS and endochitinase activity obtained demonstrate that the CsVMV promoter is useful for high-level transgene expression in alfalfa. JF - Transgenic Research AU - Samac, DA AU - Tesfaye, M AU - Dornbusch, M AU - Saruul, P AU - Temple, S J AD - USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, dasamac@tc.umn.edu Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 349 EP - 361 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0962-8819, 0962-8819 KW - Alfalfa KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - ^b-Glucuronidase KW - Transgenic plants KW - Promoters KW - Gene transfer KW - Cassava vein mosaic virus KW - Cauliflower mosaic virus KW - Medicago sativa KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17696955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transgenic+Research&rft.atitle=A+Comparison+of+Constitutive+Promoters+for+Expression+of+Transgenes+in+Alfalfa+%28Medicago+Sativa%29&rft.au=Samac%2C+DA%3BTesfaye%2C+M%3BDornbusch%2C+M%3BSaruul%2C+P%3BTemple%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Samac&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transgenic+Research&rft.issn=09628819&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ATRAG.0000040022.84253.12 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medicago sativa; Cauliflower mosaic virus; Cassava vein mosaic virus; Promoters; Gene transfer; ^b-Glucuronidase; Transgenic plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:TRAG.0000040022.84253.12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory carbon use and carbon storage in mid-rotation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations: the effect of site resources on the stand carbon balance AN - 17685348; 6004386 AB - We used estimates of autotrophic respiration (R sub(A)), net primary productivity (NPP) and soil CO sub(2) evolution (S sub(ff)), to develop component carbon budgets for 12-year-old loblolly pine plantations during the fifth year of a fertilization and irrigation experiment. Annual carbon use in R sub(A) was 7.5, 9.0, 15.0, and 15.1 Mg C ha super(-1) in control (C), irrigated (I), fertilized (F) and irrigated and fertilized (IF) treatments, respectively. Foliage, fine root and perennial woody tissue (stem, branch, coarse and taproot) respiration accounted for, respectively, 37%, 24%, and 39% of R sub(A) in C and I treatments and 38%, 12% and 50% of R sub(A) in F and IF treatments. Annual gross primary production (GPP=NPP+R sub(A)) ranged from 13.1 to 26.6 Mg C ha super(-1). The I, F, and IF treatments resulted in a 21, 94, and 103% increase in GPP, respectively, compared to the C treatment. Despite large treatment differences in NPP, R sub(A), and carbon allocation, carbon use efficiency (CUE=NPP/GPP) averaged 0.42 and was unaffected by manipulating site resources. Ecosystem respiration (R sub(E)), the sum of S sub(ff), and above ground R sub(A), ranged from 12.8 to 20.2 Mg C ha super(-1) yr super(-1). S sub(ff) contributed the largest proportion of R sub(E), but the relative importance of S sub(ff) decreased from 0.63 in C treatments to 0.47 in IF treatments because of increased aboveground R sub(A). Aboveground woody tissue R sub(A) was 15% of R sub(E) in C and I treatments compared to 25% of R sub(E) in F and IF treatments. Net ecosystem productivity (NEP=GPP-R sub(E)) was roughly 0 in the C and I treatments and 6.4 Mg C ha super(-1) yr super(-1) in F and IF treatments, indicating that non-fertilized treatments were neither a source nor a sink for atmospheric carbon while fertilized treatments were carbon sinks. In these young stands, NEP is tightly linked to NPP; increased ecosystem carbon storage results mainly from an increase in foliage and perennial woody biomass. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Maier, CA AU - Albaugh, T J AU - Lee Allen, H AU - Dougherty, P M AD - USDA Forest Service, 3041 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA, Department of Forestry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA, MeadWestvaco, Inc., Summerville, SC 29484, USA, cmaier@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1335 EP - 1350 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 8 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17685348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Respiratory+carbon+use+and+carbon+storage+in+mid-rotation+loblolly+pine+%28Pinus+taeda+L.%29+plantations%3A+the+effect+of+site+resources+on+the+stand+carbon+balance&rft.au=Maier%2C+CA%3BAlbaugh%2C+T+J%3BLee+Allen%2C+H%3BDougherty%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/doi%3A10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2003.00809.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00809.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evapotranspiration of Full-, Deficit-Irrigated, and Dryland Cotton on the Northern Texas High Plains AN - 17604746; 6000746 AB - Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is beginning to be produced on the Northern Texas High Plains as a lower water-requiring crop while producing an acceptable profit. Cotton is a warm season, perennial species produced like an annual yet it requires a delicate balance of water and water deficit controls to most effectively produce high yields in this thermally limited environment. This study measured the water use of cotton in fully irrigated, deficiently irrigated, and dryland regimes in a Northern Texas High Plains environment using precision weighing lysimeters in 2000 and 2001. A lateral-move sprinkler system was used to irrigate the fields. The water use data were used to develop crop coefficient data and compared with the FAO-56 method for estimating crop water use. Cotton yield, water use, and water use efficiency was found to be as good in this region as other more noted cotton regions. FAO-56 evapotranspiration prediction procedures performed better for the more fully irrigated treatments in this environment. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Howell, T A AU - Evett AU - Tolk, JA AU - Schneider, AD AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA, tahowell@cprl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 277 EP - 285 VL - 130 IS - 4 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration KW - M2 556.13:Evaporation/Evapotranspiration (556.13) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17604746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Evapotranspiration+of+Full-%2C+Deficit-Irrigated%2C+and+Dryland+Cotton+on+the+Northern+Texas+High+Plains&rft.au=Howell%2C+T+A%3BEvett%3BTolk%2C+JA%3BSchneider%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9437%282004%29130%3A4%28277%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2004)130:4(277) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of aquaculture detrification engineering in aquaculture society AN - 17488170; 6258600 AB - Denitrification systems provide an effective means of controlling nitrogen and potentially phosphorous within recirculating systems as well as within the effluent from recirculating aquaculture facilities. By utilizing anaerobic digestion in conjunction with the denitrification process, a facility can realize a reduction in the mass of solids that require final disposal while achieving the desired nitrogen removal. Other possible advantages include the generation of alkalinity, reduced water and wastewater treatment costs (when services are supplied by local municipality), reduced groundwater demand, as well as reduced energy costs with respect to water tempering resources. JF - Aquaculture Magazine AU - Brazil, B AD - National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, ARS-USDA, 11876 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 44 EP - 47 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0199-1388, 0199-1388 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Phosphorus KW - Recirculating systems KW - Aquaculture KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Alkalinity KW - Denitrification KW - Economics KW - Ground water KW - Aquaculture techniques KW - Aquaculture effluents KW - Solid impurities KW - Effluents KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - Aquaculture systems KW - Aquaculture economics KW - Water quality control KW - USA KW - Energy KW - Pollution control KW - Nitrogen KW - Q4 27480:Environmental Applications/Impact KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - Q3 08588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment KW - Q1 08588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17488170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture+Magazine&rft.atitle=Application+of+aquaculture+detrification+engineering+in+aquaculture+society&rft.au=Brazil%2C+B&rft.aulast=Brazil&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture+Magazine&rft.issn=01991388&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solid impurities; Aquaculture effluents; Pollution dispersion; Phosphorus; Recirculating systems; Anaerobic digestion; Aquaculture systems; Water quality control; Aquaculture economics; Denitrification; Economics; Aquaculture techniques; Nitrogen; Pollution control; Energy; Alkalinity; Ground water; Effluents; Wastewater treatment; Aquaculture; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest Science and Forest Policy in Europe, Africa and the Middle East: Building Bridges to a Sustainable Future AN - 17316237; 6131034 AB - Making forest policies that help to bridge from the current situation to a sustainable future requires sound scientific information. Too often, scientific information is available, yet policy makers do not use it. At a workshop in Denmark, attendees reviewed case studies where forest science influenced forest policies and identified six major reasons for success. Three reasons related to the role of people in protecting, managing and using forests, and ways in which they worked effectively with researchers and policy makers. Three reasons related to the nature of the interaction between the science and policy arenas and the way in which those arenas were organized and functioned. The scientific process is often considered to promote rational thought and exploration of the unknown. An assumption that the policy-making process is equally rational may be unwarranted. Values are central to the policy change process. Thus, scientists who hope to be more effective in spanning the boundaries between the scientific arena and the policy arena constantly have to remember that scientific information in itself is not the primary driver of policy change. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research AU - Guldin, R W AU - Koch, N E AU - Parrotta, J AU - Gamborg, C AU - Thorsen, B J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research and Development, Washington, DC, USA, rguldin@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 5 EP - 13 VL - 19 SN - 0282-7581, 0282-7581 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1030:Environmental Law, Conventions, & Policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17316237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Forest+Research&rft.atitle=Forest+Science+and+Forest+Policy+in+Europe%2C+Africa+and+the+Middle+East%3A+Building+Bridges+to+a+Sustainable+Future&rft.au=Guldin%2C+R+W%3BKoch%2C+N+E%3BParrotta%2C+J%3BGamborg%2C+C%3BThorsen%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Guldin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Forest+Research&rft.issn=02827581&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F14004080410034010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14004080410034010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Science, Land Management and Policy in International Studies on the Effects of Air Pollution on Carpathian Forest Ecosystems AN - 17306079; 6131045 AB - US-Central and Eastern European (CEE) collaborative studies on the distribution and effects of air pollution on CEE forests have been conducted since 1992. Based on 1997-1999 ambient ozone (O sub(3)) monitoring, maps of O sub(3) distribution in the Carpathian Mountains of central Europe were developed. These maps helped to understand air pollution risks in the Carpathian forests and to develop national regulations for the protected areas and for forest vegetation monitoring. The Carpathian study led to the establishment of two international long-term ecological research (ILTER) sites in the Retezat (Romania) and Tatra Mountains (Poland and Slovakia). During 2000-2002, differences in responses of natural versus managed forest to air pollution, including biodiversity changes, were investigated. During 2003-2005, research in these two ILTER sites focuses on the evaluation of resources and responses of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cerebra L.) to the increasing O sub(3) concentrations. The US-CEE collaboration helps in establishing a strong partnership between scientists and managers, and comparing the status and effects of air pollution in mountain forests of North America and Europe. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Badea, O AU - Fleischer, P AU - Godzik, B AU - Grodzinska, K AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 129 EP - 137 VL - 19 SN - 0282-7581, 0282-7581 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1120:Land KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17306079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Forest+Research&rft.atitle=Science%2C+Land+Management+and+Policy+in+International+Studies+on+the+Effects+of+Air+Pollution+on+Carpathian+Forest+Ecosystems&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BBadea%2C+O%3BFleischer%2C+P%3BGodzik%2C+B%3BGrodzinska%2C+K&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Forest+Research&rft.issn=02827581&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F14004080410034218 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14004080410034218 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff, Soil Erosion, and Erodibility of Conservation Reserve Program Land under Crop and Hay Production AN - 17304278; 6087056 AB - There are concerns that restored grasslands currently under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) will experience increased soil erosion when they are returned to crop production. Our objective was to compare runoff, erosion, and erodibility on CRP land converted to annual hay production (permanent hayed, PH) and crop production under conventional-till (preplant disk tillage, CT) and no-till (NT) management. Erosion study was conducted in central North Dakota on Typic Argiustoll soil 6 yr after the CRP land had been converted to hay production and crop production with a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-winter wheat-dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation. Runoff volumes and soil loss (by alum precipitation of sediment) were measured on 1.5 by 5 m bordered plots on 4% slope under a rainfall simulator delivering 1- to 3-h rains at 50 or 75 mm h super(-1), followed by three rains of 20 min or less at rates from 25 to 125 mm h super(-1). Erodibility was calculated from ratios and regressions of soil loss rates versus runoff rates measured at relative steady state. Runoff rates from 50 and 75 mm h super(-1) rains for CT, NT, and PH averaged 9, 12, and 21 mm h super(-1), respectively, and supported soil loss rates of 20, 7, and 8 g m super(-2) h super(-1). Erodibility of undisturbed CT, NT, and PH was 1.65, 0.29, and 0.28 g m super(-2) mm super(-1), respectively, showing NT did not differ from PH and that CT management increased erodibility six-fold above PH. Thorough disk tillage increased erodibility three-fold over CT, 15-fold over NT, and nine-fold over PH. Complete, nondisturbing residue removal increased erodibility less than tillage, from 1.2 times for CT to 2.5 times for NT. Chemically weeded NT exhibited the same low erodibility as the grassland PH treatment under the conditions of study--4% land slope, above average precipitation, and a residue-productive crop rotation. However, erodibility of tilled NT was significantly higher than that of tilled PH, showing the higher inherent stability of grassland surface soil with its perennial plant root structures. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Zheng, F-L AU - Merrill, S D AU - Huang, C-H AU - Tanaka, D L AU - Darboux, F AU - Liebig, MA AU - Halvorson, AD AD - U. S. Dep. of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Northern Great Plains Research Lab., P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554, USA, merrills@mandan.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1332 EP - 1341 VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17304278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Runoff%2C+Soil+Erosion%2C+and+Erodibility+of+Conservation+Reserve+Program+Land+under+Crop+and+Hay+Production&rft.au=Zheng%2C+F-L%3BMerrill%2C+S+D%3BHuang%2C+C-H%3BTanaka%2C+D+L%3BDarboux%2C+F%3BLiebig%2C+MA%3BHalvorson%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=F-L&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 at Elevated Temperatures AN - 17299393; 6119782 AB - A continuous-flow apparatus was developed to measure thermal resistance (D- and z-values) of microorganisms at temperatures above 65 degree C. This apparatus was designed to test whether vegetative microorganisms exhibited unusually high thermal resistance that prevented them from being completely eliminated at temperatures applicable to vacuum-steam-vacuum processes (116 to 157 degree C). The apparatus was composed of a high-pressure liquid chromatography pump, a heating unit, and a cooling unit. It was designed to measure small D-values (<1 s). Three randomly selected organisms, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 suspended in deionized water were tested in the continuous-flow apparatus at temperatures ranging from 60 to 80 degree C. Studies showed that the D-values of these organisms ranged from 0.05 to 20 s. Heating at 80 degree C was found to be basically the physical limit of the system. Experimental results showed that L. monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and E. coli O157:H7 did not exhibit unusual heat resistance. The conditions used in the vacuum-steam-vacuum processes should have completely inactivated organisms such as L. monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and E. coli O157:H7 if present on food surfaces. The complete destruction of bacteria during vacuum-steam-vacuum processes might not occur because the surface temperatures never reached those of the steam temperatures and because bacteria might be hidden beneath the surface and was thus never exposed to the destructive effects of the steam. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Huang, Lihan AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1666 EP - 1670 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17299393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Thermal+Resistance+of+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+Salmonella+Heidelberg%2C+and+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+at+Elevated+Temperatures&rft.au=Huang%2C+Lihan&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Lihan&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Downscaling Monthly Forecasts to Simulate Impacts of Climate Change on Soil Erosion and Wheat Production AN - 17285283; 6087057 AB - Climate change can affect agricultural production and soil and water conservation. The potential for global climate changes to increase the risk of soil erosion is clear, but the actual damage is not. The objectives of this study were to develop a method for downscaling monthly climate forecasts to daily weather series using a climate generator (CLIGEN), and to determine the potential impacts of projected mean and variance changes in precipitation and temperature on soil erosion and wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) yield. Monthly forecasts for the periods of 1950-1999 and 2056-2085 for the Oklahoma region, projected by a general circulation model (HadCM3), were used. Projected mean and variance changes in precipitation and temperatures between the two periods were satisfactorily incorporated into CLIGEN input parameters derived for the El Reno station, Oklahoma, and future transitional probabilities of precipitation occurrence were estimated as a linear function of historical monthly precipitation. Five climate change scenarios were constructed, and the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was run for each combination of five climate scenarios and three tillage systems. A 50% increase in CO sub(2) resulted in some 26% increase in wheat yield. At that elevated CO sub(2) level, projected decrease in total precipitation decreased surface runoff, soil loss, and wheat yield. However, predicted changes in precipitation variance increased runoff by 15 to 17%, and increased soil loss by 10 and 19% under conservation and conventional tillage, respectively. Predicted increase in mean temperature reduced wheat yield by 31%, and increased soil loss by 40 and 19% under conservation and conventional tillage, respectively. Under the assumed climate change, predicted average soil loss under conventional tillage was about 2.6 times that under conservation tillage and 29 times that under no-till. With all changes considered, predicted average wheat yield during 2056-2085, compared with the present climate at the present CO sub(2) level, would decrease by 12%; runoff would increase by <7%; and soil loss would increase by <8% in all tillage systems. Overall results indicate that adoption of conservation tillage and no-till will be effective in controlling soil erosion under projected climate change used in this study. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Zhang, X-C AU - Nearing, MA AU - Garbrecht, J D AU - Steiner, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Grazinglands Research Lab., 7207 W. Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK 73036, USA, jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1376 EP - 1385 VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17285283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Downscaling+Monthly+Forecasts+to+Simulate+Impacts+of+Climate+Change+on+Soil+Erosion+and+Wheat+Production&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X-C%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BGarbrecht%2C+J+D%3BSteiner%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X-C&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urbanization on the US landscape: looking ahead in the 21st century AN - 17280575; 5892214 AB - Conversion of rural lands to urban and other built-up uses affects the mix of commodities and services produced from the global land base. In the United States, there was a 34% increase in the amount of land devoted to urban and built-up uses between 1982 and 1997. This increase came predominantly from the conversion of croplands and forestland, with the largest increases in developed area happening in the southern region of the country. In an analysis of drivers influencing developed land uses in the US, we found results that were consistent with hypothesized relationships, including significant increases in development as a result of increases in population density and personal income. From these results, we projected changes in potential future urbanization and development by 2025 given estimated increases in population and real personal income. The projections suggest continued urban expansion over the next 25 years, with the magnitude of increase varying by region. US developed area is projected to increase by 79%, raising the proportion of the total land base that is developed from 5.2 to 9.2%. Because much of the growth is expected in areas relatively stressed with respect to human-environment interactions, such as some coastal counties, implications for landscape and urban planning include potential impacts on sensitive watersheds, riparian areas, wildlife habitat, and water supplies. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Alig, R J AU - Kline, J D AU - Lichtenstein, M AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, ralig@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 219 EP - 234 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 69 IS - 2-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Land use economics KW - Land allocation KW - Landscape planning KW - Urbanization trends and projections KW - Urbanization KW - Wildlife KW - Population density KW - Watersheds KW - Habitat KW - Water supplies KW - Land use KW - Urban planning KW - USA KW - Riparian environments KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04890:Planning/development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17280575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Urbanization+on+the+US+landscape%3A+looking+ahead+in+the+21st+century&rft.au=Alig%2C+R+J%3BKline%2C+J+D%3BLichtenstein%2C+M&rft.aulast=Alig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.landurbplan.2003.07.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urban planning; Urbanization; Wildlife; Riparian environments; Population density; Habitat; Watersheds; Water supplies; Land use; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.07.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Converging patterns of uptake and hydraulic redistribution of soil water in contrasting woody vegetation types AN - 1666299625; 6028571 AB - We used concurrent measurements of soil water content and soil water potential ( psi sub(soil)) to assess the effects of psi sub(soil) on uptake and hydraulic redistribution (HR) of soil water by roots during seasonal drought cycles at six sites characterized by differences in the types and amounts of woody vegetation and in climate. The six sites included a semi-arid old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws & C. Laws) forest, a moist old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forest, a 24-year-old Douglas-fir forest and three Brazilian savanna sites differing in tree density. At all of the sites, HR was confined largely to the upper 60 cm of soil. There was a common threshold relationship between the relative magnitude of HR and psi sub(soil) among the six study sites. Below a threshold psi sub(soil) of about -0.4 MPa, overnight recharge of soil water storage increased sharply, and reached a maximum value of 80-90% over a range of psi sub(soil) from similar to -1.2 to -1.5 MPa. Although amounts of water hydraulically redistributed to the upper 60 cm of soil were relatively small (0 to 0.4 mm day super(-1)), they greatly reduced the rates of seasonal decline in psi sub(soil). The effectiveness of HR in delaying soil drying diminished with increasing sapwood area per ground area. The relationship between soil water utilization and psi sub(soil) in the 20-60-cm layer was nearly identical for all six sites. Soil water utilization varied with a surrogate measure of rhizosphere conductance in a similar manner at all six sites. The similarities in relationships between psi sub(soil) and HR, soil water utilization and relative rhizosphere conductance among the six sites, suggests that, despite probable differences in maximum rooting depth and density, there was a convergence in biophysical controls on soil water utilization and redistribution in the upper soil layers where the density of finer roots is greatest. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Meinzer, F C AU - Brooks, J R AU - Bucci, S AU - Goldstein, G AU - Scholz, F G AU - Warren, J M AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-4401, USA, fmeinzers.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 919 EP - 928 VL - 24 IS - 8 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water depth KW - Recharge KW - Hydraulics KW - Pine trees KW - Conductance KW - Trees KW - Rhizosphere KW - Density KW - Vegetation KW - Drying KW - Soil-water-plant relationships KW - Roots KW - Soil water potential KW - Drought KW - Storage KW - Absorption KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1666299625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Converging+patterns+of+uptake+and+hydraulic+redistribution+of+soil+water+in+contrasting+woody+vegetation+types&rft.au=Meinzer%2C+F+C%3BBrooks%2C+J+R%3BBucci%2C+S%3BGoldstein%2C+G%3BScholz%2C+F+G%3BWarren%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Meinzer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=919&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Recharge; Water depth; Hydraulics; Pine trees; Trees; Conductance; Density; Rhizosphere; Roots; Soil-water-plant relationships; Drying; Vegetation; Soil water potential; Drought; Storage; Absorption ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of transpiration, sap flow and use of stored water in tropical forest canopy trees AN - 1666298935; 6028570 AB - In large trees, the daily onset of transpiration causes water to be withdrawn from internal storage compartments, resulting in lags between changes in transpiration and sap flow at the base of the tree. We measured time courses of sap flow, hydraulic resistance, plant water potential and stomatal resistance in co-occurring tropical forest canopy trees with trunk diameters ranging from 0.34-0.98 m, to determine how total daily water use and daily reliance on stored water scaled with size. We also examined the effects of scale and tree hydraulic properties on apparent time constants for changes in transpiration and water flow in response to fluctuating environmental variables. Time constants for water movement were estimated from whole-tree hydraulic resistance (R) and capacitance (C) using an electric circuit analogy, and from rates of change in water movement through intact trees. Total daily water use and reliance on stored water were strongly correlated with trunk diameter, independent of species. Although total daily withdrawal of water from internal storage increased with tree size, its relative contribution to the daily water budget ( similar to 10%) remained constant. Net withdrawal of water from storage ceased when upper branch water potential corresponded to the sapwood water potential ( psi sub(sw)) at which further withdrawal of water from sapwood would have caused psi sub(sw) to decline precipitously. Stomatal coordination of vapor and liquid phase resistances played a key role in limiting stored water use to a nearly constant fraction of total daily water use. Time constants for changes in transpiration, estimated as the product of whole-tree R and C, were similar among individuals ( similar to 0.53 h), indicating that R and C co-varied with tree size in an inverse manner. Similarly, time constants estimated from rates of change in crown and basal sap flux were nearly identical among individuals and therefore independent of tree size and species. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Meinzer, F C AU - James, SA AU - Goldstein, G AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, fmeinzers.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 901 EP - 909 VL - 24 IS - 8 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Trees KW - Hydraulic properties KW - Bases KW - Forests KW - Transpiration KW - Dynamics KW - Storage KW - Water use KW - Selective withdrawal KW - Resistance KW - Plant water potential KW - Flow discharge KW - Water potentials KW - Hydrologic budget KW - Fluctuations KW - Canopy KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1666298935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+transpiration%2C+sap+flow+and+use+of+stored+water+in+tropical+forest+canopy+trees&rft.au=Meinzer%2C+F+C%3BJames%2C+SA%3BGoldstein%2C+G&rft.aulast=Meinzer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trees; Hydraulic properties; Bases; Forests; Transpiration; Dynamics; Storage; Water use; Selective withdrawal; Resistance; Flow discharge; Plant water potential; Water potentials; Hydrologic budget; Fluctuations; Canopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Projecting Large-Scale Area Changes in Land Use and Land Cover for Terrestrial Carbon Analyses AN - 16183267; 6018702 AB - One of the largest changes in US forest type areas over the last half-century has involved pine types in the South. The area of planted pine has increased more than 10-fold since 1950, mostly on private lands. Private landowners have responded to market incentives and government programs, including subsidized afforestation on marginal agricultural land. Timber harvest is a crucial disturbance affecting planted pine area, as other forest types are converted to planted pine after harvest. Conversely, however, many harvested pine plantations revert to other forest types, mainly due to passive regeneration behavior on nonindustrial private timberlands. We model land use and land cover changes as a basis for projecting future changes in planted pine area, to aid policy analysts concerned with mitigation activities for global climate change. Projections are prepared in two stages. Projected land use changes include deforestation due to pressures to develop rural land as the human population expands, which is a larger area than that converted from other rural lands (e.g., agriculture) to forestry. In the second stage, transitions among forest types are projected on land allocated to forestry. We consider reforestation, influences of timber harvest, and natural succession and disturbance processes. Baseline projections indicate a net increase of about 5.6 million ha in planted pine area in the South over the next 50 years, with a notable increase in sequestered carbon. Additional opportunities to expand pine plantation area warrant study of landowner behavior to aid in designing more effective incentives for inducing land use and land cover changes to help mitigate climate change and attain other goals. JF - Environmental Management AU - Alig, R J AU - Butler, B J AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 443 EP - 456 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Pines KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Terrestrial environments KW - Climatic changes KW - Forests KW - Plantations KW - Pinus KW - Land use KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Agricultural land KW - Behavior KW - Environment management KW - Harvesting KW - Environmental incentives KW - M3 1120:Land KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16183267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Projecting+Large-Scale+Area+Changes+in+Land+Use+and+Land+Cover+for+Terrestrial+Carbon+Analyses&rft.au=Alig%2C+R+J%3BButler%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Alig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9102-9 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/4033004/40330443.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Historical account; Agricultural land; Behavior; Terrestrial environments; Climatic changes; Forests; Plantations; Environment management; Environmental incentives; Ecosystem disturbance; Harvesting; Land use; Carbon sequestration; Pinus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9102-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Organic and Inorganic Carbon and Nitrogen to Long-Term Grazing of the Shortgrass Steppe AN - 16180278; 6018706 AB - We investigated the influence of long-term (56 years) grazing on organic and inorganic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the plant-soil system (to 90 cm depth) in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado. Grazing treatments included continuous season-long (May-October) grazing by yearling heifers at heavy (60-75% utilization) and light (20-35% utilization) stocking rates, and nongrazed exclosures. The heavy stocking rate resulted in a plant community that was dominated (75% of biomass production) by the C sub(4) grass blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), whereas excluding livestock grazing increased the production of C sub(3) grasses and prickly pear cactus (Opuntia polycantha). Soil organic C (SOC) and organic N were not significantly different between the light grazing and nongrazed treatments, whereas the heavy grazing treatment was 7.5 Mg ha super(-1) higher in SOC than the nongrazed treatment. Lower ratios of net mineralized N to total organic N in both grazed compared to nongrazed treatments suggest that long-term grazing decreased the readily mineralizable fraction of soil organic matter. Heavy grazing affected soil inorganic C (SIC) more than the SOC. The heavy grazing treatment was 23.8 Mg ha super(-1) higher in total soil C (0-90 cm) than the nongrazed treatment, with 68% (16.3 Mg ha super(-1)) attributable to higher SIC, and 32% (7.5 Mg ha super(-1)) to higher SOC. These results emphasize the importance in semiarid and arid ecosystems of including inorganic C in assessments of the mass and distribution of plant-soil C and in evaluations of the impacts of grazing management on C sequestration. JF - Environmental Management AU - Reeder, J D AU - Schuman, GE AU - Morgan, JA AU - LeCain AD - Rangeland Resources Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA, jean.reeder@ans.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 485 EP - 495 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - grazing KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Bouteloua gracilis KW - Grazing KW - Grasses KW - Organic matter KW - Opuntia polycantha KW - Steppes KW - Opuntia KW - Livestock KW - Soil KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Grasslands KW - USA, Colorado KW - Plant communities KW - Inorganic carbon KW - Environment management KW - Nitrogen KW - D 04700:Management KW - M3 1120:Land KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16180278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Response+of+Organic+and+Inorganic+Carbon+and+Nitrogen+to+Long-Term+Grazing+of+the+Shortgrass+Steppe&rft.au=Reeder%2C+J+D%3BSchuman%2C+GE%3BMorgan%2C+JA%3BLeCain&rft.aulast=Reeder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9106-5 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/4033004/40330485.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Historical account; Grasslands; Grasses; Grazing; Organic matter; Plant communities; Inorganic carbon; Environment management; Steppes; Livestock; Nitrogen; Carbon sequestration; Bouteloua gracilis; Opuntia polycantha; Opuntia; USA, Colorado DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generation of reassortant influenza vaccines by reverse genetics that allows utilization of a DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) strategy for the control of avian influenza AN - 1500773517; 19046218 AB - Vaccination of poultry with inactivated influenza vaccine can be an effective tool in the control of avian influenza (AI). One major concern of using inactivated vaccine is vaccine-induced antibody interference with serologic surveillance and epidemiology. In the United States, low pathogenicity H5 and H7 subtype AI viruses have caused serious economic losses in the poultry industry. Most of these viruses also have the accompanying N2 subtype and no H5N1 or H7N8 subtype AI viruses have been identified in poultry in the US. In order to allow the Differentiation of Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) while maintaining maximum efficacy of the vaccine, we generated reassortant viruses by reverse genetics that contained the same H5 and H7 hemagglutinin (HA) gene as the challenge virus, but a heterologous N1 or N8 neuraminidase (NA) gene. In vaccination-challenge experiments in 2-week-old specific pathogen free chickens, reassortant influenza vaccines (rH5N1 and rH7N8) demonstrated similar antibody profiles and comparable protection rates as vaccines prepared with parent H5N2 and H7N2 viruses. Further, we were able to differentiate the sera from infected and vaccinated birds by neuraminidase inhibition test and indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay on the basis of different antibodies elicited by their NA proteins. These results demonstrate the usefulness of a reverse genetics system for the rapid generation of reassortant AI virus that allows utilization of the DIVA strategy for the control of AI infections in poultry. JF - Vaccine AU - Lee, Chang-Won AU - Senne, Dennis A AU - Suarez, David L AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 3175 EP - 3181 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 22 IS - 23 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Viruses KW - Infection KW - Influenza KW - Genetics KW - Differentiation KW - Pathogenicity KW - Economics KW - Exo- alpha -sialidase KW - Pathogens KW - Aves KW - Fowl plague KW - USA KW - Chickens KW - Antibodies KW - Specific pathogen free KW - Epidemiology KW - Proteins KW - Vaccines KW - G 07720:Immunogenetics KW - V 22410:Animal Diseases KW - F 06905:Vaccines KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1500773517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Generation+of+reassortant+influenza+vaccines+by+reverse+genetics+that+allows+utilization+of+a+DIVA+%28Differentiating+Infected+from+Vaccinated+Animals%29+strategy+for+the+control+of+avian+influenza&rft.au=Lee%2C+Chang-Won%3BSenne%2C+Dennis+A%3BSuarez%2C+David+L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Chang-Won&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=3175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2004.01.055 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-07-10 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Differentiation; Fowl plague; Antibodies; Poultry; Specific pathogen free; Pathogenicity; Epidemiology; Hemagglutinins; Economics; Exo- alpha -sialidase; Vaccines; Infection; Aves; Influenza; Animals; Genetics; Chickens; Viruses; Proteins; Pathogens; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.055 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nickel localization and response to increasing Ni soil levels in leaves of the Ni hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale AN - 1034814465; 17025800 AB - We have previously developed phytoremediation and phytomining technologies employing Alyssum Ni hyperaccumulators to quantitatively extract Ni from soils. Implementation of these technologies requires knowledge of Ni localization patterns for the Alyssum species/ecotypes of interest under realistic growth conditions. We investigated Ni uptake and localization in mature Alyssum murale 'Kotodesh' and 'AJ9c leaves. Seedlings were grown in potting mix with an increasing series of NiSO sub(4) addition (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mmol Ni kg super(-1)), NiC sub(4)H sub(6)O sub(4) addition (0, 5, 10, 30, 60, 90 mmol Ni kg super(-1)), in Ni-contaminated soil from metal refining operations, and serpentine soil. Plants at Ni levels 0, 5, 10, 20 mmolkg super(-1) and in native soils grew normally. Plants at 40 mmolkg super(-1) exhibited the onset of phytotoxicity, and 60, 80, and 90 mmolkg super(-1) were demonstrably phytotoxic, but symptoms of phytotoxicity abated within 6 months. Cryogenic complement fractures were made from frozen hydrated samples. High-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken of one half. The other half was freeze-dried and examined with SEM and semi-quantitative energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Ni was highly concentrated in epidermal cell vacuoles and Ni and S counts showed a positive correlation. Trichome pedicles and the epidermal tissue from which the trichome grows were primary Ni compartments, but Ni was not distributed throughout trichomes. Palisade and spongy mesophyll and guard/substomatal cells contained lesser Ni concentrations but palisade mesophyll was an increasingly important compartment as Ni soil levels increased. Ni was virtually excluded from vascular tissue and trichome rays. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Broadhurst, CLeigh AU - Chaney, Rufus L AU - Angle, JScott AU - Erbe, Eric F AU - Maugel, Timothy K AD - Animal Manure and Byproducts Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, US Department of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace Agricultural Research Center, Bldg. 007, 20705, Beltsville, MD, USA, broadhul@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 225 EP - 242 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 265 IS - 1-2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Ecology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034814465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Nickel+localization+and+response+to+increasing+Ni+soil+levels+in+leaves+of+the+Ni+hyperaccumulator+Alyssum+murale&rft.au=Broadhurst%2C+CLeigh%3BChaney%2C+Rufus+L%3BAngle%2C+JScott%3BErbe%2C+Eric+F%3BMaugel%2C+Timothy+K&rft.aulast=Broadhurst&rft.aufirst=CLeigh&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=265&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11104-005-0974-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-08 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0974-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape distribution and characteristics of large hurricane-related canopy gaps in a southern Appalachian watershed AN - 19399229; 5961264 AB - Hurricane-related winds are a major source of disturbance in coastal ecosystems of the southern United States, but their effects on forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains, >400km inland, have seldom been documented. In October 1995, remnant winds of Hurricane Opal caused windthrow of individual and patches of trees throughout the mountainous region of western North Carolina, USA. The 2-day storm event was accompanied by over 150mm of precipitation and gusty, predominantly southeasterly winds with peak velocities at low elevations of up to 26m/s; peak velocities were over 40% greater at high elevations. In a landscape-scale case study, we spatially located the population of large canopy gaps (groups of 10 windthrown trees) within a 2400ha watershed to determine frequency of occurrence on basin and highland landscape types, dimensions, association with topographic features, and direction of treefall as a measure of wind vectors. The distribution of large gaps was not random within the watershed and occurred at an average density of 1 per 39ha in the basin (elevation 700m), which is characterized by hills of low relief and soils with high clay content. In comparison, gap density averaged 1 per 192ha on the surrounding highlands (elevation >700m) of high relief and soils with low clay content. Gaps on both landscape types occurred with greater frequency on sites of southeasterly aspect. Sizes of large canopy gaps ranged from 0.1 to 3.9ha (average 0.7ha) and were not correlated with landscape type or topography. Gap shape tended to be linear and averaged 2.3 times longer than wide. Direction of mean treefall among gaps was predominantly northwesterly and was strongly associated with aspect on highland, but less so in basin landscape types. Variation in mean treefall direction among gaps suggests that gaps were created by individual gusts of high-velocity, linear winds. A logistic discriminant model based on elevation, azimuth, and slope gradient correctly classified 78% of the study sites. However, gap size and association with topographic features were similar between basin and highland landscapes. Although the southern Appalachian Mountain region is over 400km from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, results from our study suggest that strong winds from hurricane remnants can influence forest structure, with greater impacts on basin than highland landscapes. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - McNab, W H AU - Greenberg, CH AU - Berg, E C AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1577 Brevard Road, Asheville, NC 28806, USA, hmcnab@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 26 SP - 435 EP - 447 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 196 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Gaps KW - Ecosystems KW - Trees KW - Gusts KW - Basins KW - Forests KW - Watersheds KW - Storms KW - Wind speed KW - Hurricane damage KW - Canopies KW - Wind vectors KW - Topography KW - Strong winds KW - Hurricane winds KW - ANW, USA, North Carolina KW - Topographic features KW - Treefall KW - Precipitation KW - Wind direction KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Hurricanes KW - Forest ecology KW - Mountain regions KW - M2 551.515.2:Cyclones Hurricanes Typhoons (551.515.2) KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19399229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Landscape+distribution+and+characteristics+of+large+hurricane-related+canopy+gaps+in+a+southern+Appalachian+watershed&rft.au=McNab%2C+W+H%3BGreenberg%2C+CH%3BBerg%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-07-26&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2004.04.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hurricanes; Topographic features; Gusts; Forests; Canopies; Wind vectors; Watersheds; Gaps; Treefall; Trees; Basins; Wind speed; Hurricane damage; Ecosystems; Forest ecology; Mountain regions; Precipitation; Wind direction; Storms; Hurricane winds; Strong winds; Topography; ASW, Mexico Gulf; USA, North Carolina; ANW, USA, North Carolina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.04.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin-ortho-phthalaldehyde derivative is stabilized at low temperature. AN - 71976712; 15171945 AB - Fumonisins are water soluble mycotoxins produced by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides (formerly F. moniliforme). Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) is a diester of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid and 2-amino-12, 16-dimethyl-3,5,10,14,15-pentahydroxyeicosane, and is the most abundant of the naturally occurring fumonisins. Upon removal of the two tricarballylic acid side chains, the structure is referred to as hydrolyzed FB(1) (HFB(1)). FB(1) and HFB(1) are structurally similar to sphinganine, a sphingoid base. The fumonisins do not absorb UV light or fluoresce; therefore, derivatizing reagents are used for detection when separation is by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The standard derivatizing reagent used for HPLC is ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) plus 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) reaction partner, however, the OPA-FB(1) derivative is not stable at room temperature. The objectives of this study were to: (1). determine the effect of temperature on the stability of the OPA-FB(1) derivative and (2). determine which structural characteristics of FB(1) contribute to the instability of the OPA-FB(1) derivative. The results indicate that OPA-FB(1), OPA-FB(3) and OPA-HFB(1) derivatives are unstable at 24 degrees C but that their stability improves significantly at 4 degrees C. The OPA-sphinganine derivative is stable for at least 24h at 24 degrees C. Thus, the instability of the OPA-FB(1) derivative may be attributed to its lack of a hydroxyl group at the carbon 1 position. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Williams, Lonnie D AU - Meredith, Filmore I AU - Riley, Ronald T AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA, ARS, RRC, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA. Y1 - 2004/07/05/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 05 SP - 311 EP - 314 VL - 806 IS - 2 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - o-Phthalaldehyde KW - 643-79-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fluorescence KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - o-Phthalaldehyde -- chemistry KW - Cold Temperature KW - Fumonisins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71976712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Fumonisin-ortho-phthalaldehyde+derivative+is+stabilized+at+low+temperature.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Lonnie+D%3BMeredith%2C+Filmore+I%3BRiley%2C+Ronald+T&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Lonnie&rft.date=2004-07-05&rft.volume=806&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adoption of agroforestry innovations in the tropics: A review AN - 918040003; 13662939 AB - The period since the early 1990s has witnessed an explosion of research on the adoption of agroforestry innovations in the tropics. Much of this work was motivated by a perceived gap between advances in agroforestry science and the success of agroforestry-based development programs and projects. Achieving the full promise of agroforestry requires a fundamental understanding of how and why farmers make long-term land-use decisions and applying this knowledge to the design, development, and 'marketing' of agroforestry innovations. This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature that has developed during the past decade analyzing agroforestry adoption from a variety of perspectives and identifies needed future research. Much progress has been made, especially in using binary choice regression models to assess influences of farm and household characteristics on adoption and in developing ex-ante participatory, on-farm research methods for analyzing the potential adoptability of agroforestry innovations. Additional research-needs that have been identified include developing a better understanding of the role of risk and uncertainty, insights into how and why farmers adapt and modify adopted systems, factors influencing the intensity of adoption, village-level and spatial analyses of adoption, the impacts of disease such as AIDS and malaria on adoption, and the temporal path of adoption. JF - Agroforestry Systems AU - Mercer, DE AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3041 Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12254 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, emercer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 311 EP - 328 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 61-62 IS - 1-3 SN - 0167-4366, 0167-4366 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Environment Abstracts KW - spatial analysis KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Resource management KW - Human diseases KW - marketing KW - Malaria KW - Explosions KW - agroforestry KW - Public health KW - Literature reviews KW - Perception KW - Reviews KW - malaria KW - Tropical environments KW - Marketing KW - innovations KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918040003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.atitle=Adoption+of+agroforestry+innovations+in+the+tropics%3A+A+review&rft.au=Mercer%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Mercer&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=61-62&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.issn=01674366&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AAGFO.0000029007.85754.70 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Resource management; Literature reviews; Marketing; Malaria; Explosions; Public health; spatial analysis; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; marketing; Perception; malaria; Reviews; Tropical environments; innovations; agroforestry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:AGFO.0000029007.85754.70 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial Poly(Hydroxyalkanoate) Polymer Production from the Biodiesel Co-product Stream AN - 831180072; 13882642 AB - A co-product stream from soy-based biodiesel production (CSBP) containing glycerol, fatty acid soaps, and residual fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) was utilized as a fermentation feedstock for the bacterial synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (mcl-PHA) polymers. Pseudomonas oleovorans NRRL B-14682 and P. corrugata 388 grew and synthesized PHB and mcl-PHA, respectively, when cultivated in up to 5% (w/v) CSBP. In shake flask culture, P. oleovorans grew to 1.3 c 0.1 g/L (PHA cellular productivity = 13-27% of the bacterial cell dry weight; CDW) regardless of the initial CSBP concentration, whereas P. corrugata reached maximum cell yields of 2.1 g/L at 1% CSBP, which tapered off to 1.7 g/L as the CSBP media concentration was increased to 5% (maximum PHA cellular productivity = 42% of the CDW at 3% CSBP). While P. oleovorans synthesized PHB from CSBP, P. corrugata produced mcl-PHA consisting primarily of 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid (C sub(8:0); 39 c 2 mol%), 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (C sub(10:0); 26 c 2 mol%) and 3-hydroxytetradecadienoic acid (C sub(14:2); 15 c 1 mol%). The molar mass (M sub(n)) of the PHB polymer decreased by 53% as the initial CSBP culture concentration was increased from 1% to 5% (w/v). In contrast, the M sub(n) of the mcl-PHA polymer produced by P. corrugata remained constant over the range of CSBP concentrations used. JF - Journal of Polymers and the Environment AU - Ashby, Richard D AU - Solaiman, Daniel KY AU - Foglia, Thomas A AD - Fats, Oils and Animal Coproducts Research Unit ERRC,United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, rashby@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 105 EP - 112 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 1566-2543, 1566-2543 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacteria KW - Fermentation KW - Cell culture KW - Streams KW - Glycerol KW - Fatty acids KW - fatty acid methyl esters KW - Diesel KW - Soaps KW - Pseudomonas oleovorans KW - Manganese KW - Biofuels KW - Media (culture) KW - A 01310:Products of Microorganisms KW - J 02450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/831180072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Bacterial+Poly%28Hydroxyalkanoate%29+Polymer+Production+from+the+Biodiesel+Co-product+Stream&rft.au=Ashby%2C+Richard+D%3BSolaiman%2C+Daniel+KY%3BFoglia%2C+Thomas+A&rft.aulast=Ashby&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15662543&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOOE.0000038541.54263.d9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycerol; Fermentation; fatty acid methyl esters; Fatty acids; Diesel; Cell culture; Soaps; Manganese; Streams; Media (culture); Biofuels; Bacteria; Pseudomonas oleovorans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOOE.0000038541.54263.d9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The antiatherogenic potential of oat phenolic compounds. AN - 72003634; 15186945 AB - Avenanthramides are phenolic antioxidants, which are present in oats. Avenanthramides A, B, and C are the major constituents of the total soluble antioxidant phenolic compounds in oats. We tested the potential antiatherogenic activity of partially purified avenanthramides from oats by examining their effects on adhesion of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) monolayers, expression of adhesion molecules, and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by HAEC. The oat avenanthramides mixture was prepared and partially purified by column chromatography. This avenanthramide-enriched mixture (AEM) had no toxicity to HAEC as tested up to 40 ng/ml. The pre-incubation of HAEC with 4, 20, and 40ng/ml AEM for 24h significantly decreased adhesion of U937 monocytic cells to interleukin (IL)-1beta-stimulated HAEC in a concentration-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of HAEC with AEM at 20 and 40 microg/ml, but not at 4 microg/ml, for 24h significantly suppressed IL-1beta-stimulated expressions of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, chemokines IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. These data provide evidence for the potential anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects of antioxidant avenanthramides present in oats. JF - Atherosclerosis AU - Liu, Liping AU - Zubik, Ligia AU - Collins, F William AU - Marko, Melissa AU - Meydani, Mohsen AD - Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 39 EP - 49 VL - 175 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9150, 0021-9150 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Benzoates KW - Cell Adhesion Molecules KW - Cytokines KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - Phenols KW - Plant Extracts KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Monocytes -- physiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Cell Adhesion Molecules -- metabolism KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - Cell Adhesion -- drug effects KW - Cell Line KW - Inflammation Mediators -- metabolism KW - Avena -- chemistry KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- metabolism KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- toxicity KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Arteriosclerosis -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- physiopathology KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Benzoates -- pharmacology KW - Arteriosclerosis -- physiopathology KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Benzoates -- chemistry KW - Phenols -- chemistry KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Antioxidants -- chemistry KW - Benzoates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72003634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atherosclerosis&rft.atitle=The+antiatherogenic+potential+of+oat+phenolic+compounds.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Liping%3BZubik%2C+Ligia%3BCollins%2C+F+William%3BMarko%2C+Melissa%3BMeydani%2C+Mohsen&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Liping&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atherosclerosis&rft.issn=00219150&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ambient ozone in forests of the Central and Eastern European mountains. AN - 71764192; 15046836 AB - Ambient ozone (O(3)) concentrations in the forested areas of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) mountains measured on passive sampler networks and in several locations equipped with active monitors are reviewed. Some areas of the Carpathian Mountains, especially in Romania and parts of Poland, as well as the Sumava and Brdy Mountains in the Czech Republic are characterized by low European background concentrations of the pollutant (summer season means approximately 30 ppb). Other parts of the Carpathians, especially the western part of the range (Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Poland), some of the Eastern (Ukraine) and Southern (Romania) Carpathians and the Jizerske Mountains have high O(3) levels with peak values >100 ppb and seasonal means approximately 50 ppb. Large portions of the CEE mountain forests experience O(3) exposures that are above levels recommended for protection of forest and natural vegetation. Continuation of monitoring efforts with a combination of active monitors and passive samplers is needed for developing risk assessment scenarios for forests and other natural areas of the CEE Region. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Godzik, B AU - Grodzińska, K AU - Fraczek, W AU - Musselman, R AU - Manning, W AU - Badea, O AU - Popescu, F AU - Fleischer, P AD - USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA, USA. abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 5 EP - 16 VL - 130 IS - 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Europe, Eastern KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Seasons KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- toxicity KW - Ozone -- analysis KW - Trees -- chemistry KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- analysis KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71764192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Ambient+ozone+in+forests+of+the+Central+and+Eastern+European+mountains.&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BGodzik%2C+B%3BGrodzi%C5%84ska%2C+K%3BFraczek%2C+W%3BMusselman%2C+R%3BManning%2C+W%3BBadea%2C+O%3BPopescu%2C+F%3BFleischer%2C+P&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of air pollution on the Central and Eastern European mountain forests. AN - 71764146; 15046835 JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Bytnerowicz, Andrzej AU - Musselman, Robert AU - Szaro, Robert AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1 EP - 3 VL - 130 IS - 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Europe, Eastern KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- toxicity KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Trees -- drug effects KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71764146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+air+pollution+on+the+Central+and+Eastern+European+mountain+forests.&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+Andrzej%3BMusselman%2C+Robert%3BSzaro%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discontinuous distribution of fumonisin biosynthetic genes in the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. AN - 66909969; 15446715 AB - Production of the carcinogenic mycotoxins fumonisins has been reported in several Fusarium species, most of which are members of the Gibberella fujikuroi (Gf) complex. In this study, we examined 15 Fusarium species in the Gf complex and 12 other species for fumonisin production and the presence of fumonisin biosynthetic genes (FUM). Among the species within the Gf complex, fumonisin production was detected only in F. fujikuroi, F. globosum, F. proliferatum, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum and F. verticillioides. These five species include members of two of the three major clades delineated in the Gf complex. The FUM genes were detected in these same five species and in F. anthophilum, a member of the third clade. Among the species outside the Gf complex, fumonisin production and FUM genes were detected only in F. oxysporum. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences from two FUM gene fragments inferred relationships similar but not identical to those inferred from previous analyses of other genes. The results indicate the FUM genes are discontinuously distributed in the Gf complex and that this distribution gives rise to the differences in the abilities of closely related Fusarium species to produce fumonisins. JF - Mycological research AU - Proctor, Robert H AU - Plattner, Ronald D AU - Brown, Daren W AU - Seo, Jeong-Ah AU - Lee, Yin-Won AD - USDA Agriculture Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA. proctorh@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 815 EP - 822 VL - 108 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Species Specificity KW - Gibberella -- classification KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Fumonisins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66909969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+research&rft.atitle=Discontinuous+distribution+of+fumonisin+biosynthetic+genes+in+the+Gibberella+fujikuroi+species+complex.&rft.au=Proctor%2C+Robert+H%3BPlattner%2C+Ronald+D%3BBrown%2C+Daren+W%3BSeo%2C+Jeong-Ah%3BLee%2C+Yin-Won&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=&rft.spage=815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory evaluation of mosquito repellents against Aedes albopictus, Culex nigripalpus, and Ochierotatus triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae). AN - 66790746; 15311467 AB - Four synthetic mosquito repellents (Autan [10% KBR3023], IR3535 [7.5%], Off! [15% deet], Skinsations [7% deet]) and eight natural (primarily plant extracts and/or essential oils) product-based repellents (Bite Blocker [2% soybean oil], ByGone, GonE!, Natrapel [10% citronella], Neem Aura, Sunswat, MosquitoSafe [25% geraniol], and Repel [26% p-menthane-3,8-diol]) were tested in the laboratory against Aedes albopictus Skuse, Culex nigripalpus Theobald, and Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Say). When estimated mean protection time (eMPT) responses for each repellent were averaged for all three mosquito species, Autan, Bite Blocker, Off!, and Repel prevented biting for > or =7.2 h; IR3535, MosquitoSafe, and Skinsations for 3.2-4.8 h; and ByGone, Natrapel, GonE, NeemAura, and SunSwat for 0.9-2.3 h. Against Ae. albopictus, the eMPT for Off! and Repel exceeded 7.0 h and ranged from 5.0 to 5.7 h for Autan, Bite Blocker, and Skinsations. Bygone, GonE, NeemAura, and SunSwat provided 0.2 h protection against Ae. albopictus and Oc. triseriatus, whereas Autan, Bite Blocker, Off., and Repel prevented bites by Oc. triseriatus for > or =7.3 h. All 12 repellents provided an eMPT > or =2.8 h against Cx. nigripalpus (maximum: 8.5 h for Bite Blocker). When the average eMPT for each repellent (for all species) was divided by the eMPT for 7% deet (Skinsations), the order of repellent effectiveness and the corresponding repellency index (R,) was Repel (1.7) > Bite Blocker (1.5) = Autan (1.5) = Off! (1.5) > Skinsations (1.0) > IR3535 (0.8) > MosquitoSafe (0.6) > Natrapel (0.5) > Neem Aura (0.3) = SunSwat (0.3) = Bygone (0.3) > GonE (0.2). JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Barnard, Donald R AU - Xue, Rui-De AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. dbarnard@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 726 EP - 730 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Plant Extracts KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Culex KW - Aedes KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Culicidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66790746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Laboratory+evaluation+of+mosquito+repellents+against+Aedes+albopictus%2C+Culex+nigripalpus%2C+and+Ochierotatus+triseriatus+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29.&rft.au=Barnard%2C+Donald+R%3BXue%2C+Rui-De&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of culture media for detecting airborne Salmonella enteritidis collected with an electrostatic sampling device from the environment of experimentally infected laying hens. AN - 66761691; 15285500 AB - Detection of Salmonella enteritidis in the environment of commercial laying hens is critical for reducing the production of contaminated eggs by infected flocks. In the present study, an inexpensive and portable electrostatic air sampling device was used to collect S. enteritidis in rooms containing experimentally infected laying hens. After hens were orally inoculated with a phage type 13a S. enteritidis strain and housed in individual cages, air samples were collected 3 times each week with electrostatic devices onto plates of 6 types of culture media (brilliant green agar, modified lysine iron agar, modified semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis agar, Rambach agar, XLD agar, and XLT4 agar). Air sampling plates were incubated at 37 degrees C, examined visually for presumptive identification of typical S. enteritidis colonies and then subjected to confirmatory enrichment culturing. Air samples (collected using all 6 culture media) were positive for S. enteritidis for 3 wk postinoculation. Because visual determination of the presence or absence of typical S. enteritidis colonies on air sampling plates was not consistently confirmed by enrichment culturing, the postenrichment results were used for comparing sampling strategies. The frequency of positive air sampling results using brilliant green agar (66.7% overall) was significantly greater than was obtained using most other media. A combination of several plating media (brilliant green agar, modified lysine iron agar, and XLT4 agar) allowed detection of airborne S. enteritidis at an overall frequency of 83.3% over the 3 wk of sampling. When used with appropriate culture media, electrostatic collection of airborne S. enteritidis can provide a sensitive alternative to traditional methods for detecting this pathogen in the environment of laying flocks. JF - Poultry science AU - Gast, R K AU - Mitchell, B W AU - Holt, P S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. rgast@seprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1106 EP - 1111 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Static Electricity KW - Animals KW - Housing, Animal KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Oviposition KW - Female KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Chickens KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- growth & development KW - Poultry Diseases -- microbiology KW - Air Microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66761691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+culture+media+for+detecting+airborne+Salmonella+enteritidis+collected+with+an+electrostatic+sampling+device+from+the+environment+of+experimentally+infected+laying+hens.&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BMitchell%2C+B+W%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tebuconazole dissipation and metabolism in Tifton loamy sand during laboratory incubationt. AN - 66721046; 15260303 AB - The fungicide tebuconazole is widely used to control soil-borne and foliar diseases in peanuts and other crops. No published data are currently available on the extent and rate at which this compound degrades in soil. Unpublished data summarized in registration documents suggest that the compound is persistent, with 300-600 days half-life. We conducted a 63-day laboratory incubation to evaluate tebuconazole's dissipation kinetics and impact on soil microbial activity in Tifton loamy sand. Tifton soils support extensive peanut production in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of Georgia and Alabama. Products containing tebuconazole are applied to an estimated 50% of the peanut acreage in the region. At the end of the incubation, 43 (+/-42)% of the parent compound was recovered in soil extracts. The first-order kinetic model, which gave a good fit to the dissipation data (r2 = 0.857), yielded a soil half-life (t1/2) of 49 days. This is 6-12 times more rapid than t1/2 values described in unpublished tebuconazole registration documents. Four degradates were identified. Tentative structural assignments indicated that degradates were derived from hydroxylation of the parent compound and/or chlorophenyl ring cleavage. Cleavage products showed a steady increase during the incubation, and on a molar basis were equal to 63% of the time zero tebuconazole concentration. No significant effect on soil microbial biomass was observed, indicating that when the compound is applied at normal agronomic rate it does not impact soil metabolic activity. Use of the soil-half life data derived in this study should improve the accuracy oftebuconazole fate assessments for Coastal Plain peanut production. The study also indicated that environmental assessment of selected degradates may be needed to fully evaluate risks of tebuconazole use. JF - Pest management science AU - Strickland, Timothy C AU - Potter, Thomas L AU - Joo, Hyun AD - Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA. tstrickland@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 703 EP - 709 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Triazoles KW - tebuconazole KW - 401ATW8TRW KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Clinical Laboratory Techniques KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Cell Respiration -- physiology KW - Half-Life KW - Kinetics KW - Carbon -- metabolism KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Biomass KW - Incubators -- microbiology KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- chemistry KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Triazoles -- chemistry KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- metabolism KW - Triazoles -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66721046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Tebuconazole+dissipation+and+metabolism+in+Tifton+loamy+sand+during+laboratory+incubationt.&rft.au=Strickland%2C+Timothy+C%3BPotter%2C+Thomas+L%3BJoo%2C+Hyun&rft.aulast=Strickland&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between soil test phosphorus and phosphorus in runoff: effects of soil series variability. AN - 66716461; 15254128 AB - Phosphorus loss in runoff from agricultural fields has been identified as an important contributor to eutrophication. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between phosphorus (P) in runoff from a benchmark soil (Cecil sandy loam; fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) and Mehlich III-, deionized water-, and Fe(2)O(3)-extractable soil P, and degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS). Additionally, the value of including other soil properties in P loss prediction equations was evaluated. Simulated rainfall was applied (75 mm h(-1)) to 54 1-m(2) plots installed on six fields with different soil test phosphorus (STP) levels. Runoff was collected in its entirety for 30 min and analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP). Soil samples were collected from 0- to 2-, 0- to 5-, and 0- to 10-cm depths. The strongest correlation for total P and DRP occurred with DPS (r(2) = 0.72). Normalizing DRP by runoff depth resulted in improved correlation with deionized water-extractable P for the 0- to 10-cm sampling depth (r(2) = 0.81). The STP levels were not different among sampling depths and analysis of the regression equations revealed that soil sampling depth had no effect on the relationship between STP and P in runoff. For all forms of P in runoff and STP measures, the relationship between STP and runoff P was much stronger when the data were split into groups based on the ratio of oxalate-extractable Fe to Al. For all forms of P in runoff and all STP methods, R(2) increased with the inclusion of oxalate-extractable Al and Fe in the regression equation. The results of this study indicate that inclusion of site-specific information about soil Al and Fe content can improve the relationship between STP and runoff P. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Schroeder, Philip D AU - Radcliffe, David E AU - Cabrera, Miguel L AU - Belew, Carolee D AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA. schroeder@nstl.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1452 EP - 1463 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Soil KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Reference Values KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Water Movements KW - Rain KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66716461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+soil+test+phosphorus+and+phosphorus+in+runoff%3A+effects+of+soil+series+variability.&rft.au=Schroeder%2C+Philip+D%3BRadcliffe%2C+David+E%3BCabrera%2C+Miguel+L%3BBelew%2C+Carolee+D&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen cycling through swine production systems: ammonia, dinitrogen, and nitrous oxide emissions. AN - 66716360; 15254100 AB - Ammonia (NH(3)) emissions from animal systems have become a primary concern for all of livestock production. The purpose of this research was to establish the relationship of nitrogen (N) emissions to specific components of swine production systems and to determine accurate NH(3) emission factors appropriate for the regional climate, geography, and production systems. Micrometeorological instrumentation and gas sensors were placed over two lagoons in North Carolina during 1997-1999 to obtain information for determining ammonia emissions over extended periods and without interfering with the surrounding climate. Ammonia emissions varied diurnally and seasonally and were related to lagoon ammonium concentration, acidity, temperature, and wind turbulence. Conversion of significant quantities of ammonium NH(4)(+) to dinitrogen gas (N(2)) were measured in all lagoons with the emission rate largely dependent on NH(4)(+) concentration. Lagoon NH(4)(+) conversion to N(2) accounted for the largest loss component of the N entering the farm (43% as N(2)); however, small amounts of N(2)O were emitted from the lagoon (0.1%) and from field applications (0.05%) when effluent was applied nearby. In disagreement with previous and current estimates of NH(3) emissions from confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) systems, and invalidating current assumptions that most or all emissions are in the form of NH(3), we found much smaller NH(3) emissions from animal housing (7%), lagoons (8%), and fields (2%) using independent measurements of N transformation and transport. Nitrogen input and output in the production system were evaluated, and 95% of input N was accounted for as output N from the system. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Harper, Lowry A AU - Sharpe, Ron R AU - Parkin, Tim B AU - De Visscher, Alex AU - van Cleemput, Oswald AU - Byers, F Michael AD - Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Unit, JPCSNRCC, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA. Harper@uga.edu PY - 2004 SP - 1189 EP - 1201 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Nitrous Oxide KW - K50XQU1029 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Waste Disposal, Fluid KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Volatilization KW - Swine KW - Nitrogen -- chemistry KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism KW - Nitrous Oxide -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66716360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+cycling+through+swine+production+systems%3A+ammonia%2C+dinitrogen%2C+and+nitrous+oxide+emissions.&rft.au=Harper%2C+Lowry+A%3BSharpe%2C+Ron+R%3BParkin%2C+Tim+B%3BDe+Visscher%2C+Alex%3Bvan+Cleemput%2C+Oswald%3BByers%2C+F+Michael&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Lowry&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of phosphorus transport in surface runoff from packed soil boxes. AN - 66714196; 15254124 AB - Evaluation of phosphorus (P) management strategies to protect water quality has largely relied on research using simulated rainfall to generate runoff from either field plots or shallow boxes packed with soil. Runoff from unmanured, grassed field plots (1 m wide x 2 m long, 3-8% slope) and bare soil boxes (0.2 m wide and 1 m long, 3% slope) was compared using rainfall simulation (75 mm h(-1)) standardized by 30-min runoff duration (rainfall averaged 55 mm for field plots and 41 mm for packed boxes). Packed boxes had lower infiltration (1.2 cm) and greater runoff (2.9 cm) and erosion (542 kg ha(-1)) than field plots (3.7 cm infiltration; 1.8 cm runoff; 149 kg ha(-1) erosion), yielding greater total phosphorus (TP) losses in runoff. Despite these differences, regressions of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in runoff and Mehlich-3 soil P were consistent between field plots and packed boxes reflecting similar buffering by soils and sediments. A second experiment compared manured boxes of 5- and 25-cm depths to determine if variable hydrology based on box depth influenced P transport. Runoff properties did not differ significantly between box depths before or after broadcasting dairy, poultry, or swine manure (100 kg TP ha(-1)). Water-extractable phosphorus (WEP) from manures dominated runoff P, and translocation of manure P into soil was consistent between box types. This study reveals the practical, but limited, comparability of field plot and soil box data, highlighting soil and sediment buffering in unamended soils and manure WEP in amended soils as dominant controls of DRP transport. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Kleinman, Peter J A AU - Sharpley, Andrew N AU - Veith, Tamie L AU - Maguire, Rory O AU - Vadas, Peter A AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems, Watershed Management Research Unit, 3702 Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA. kleinman@ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1413 EP - 1423 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Environment Design KW - Water Movements KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Rain KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66714196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+phosphorus+transport+in+surface+runoff+from+packed+soil+boxes.&rft.au=Kleinman%2C+Peter+J+A%3BSharpley%2C+Andrew+N%3BVeith%2C+Tamie+L%3BMaguire%2C+Rory+O%3BVadas%2C+Peter+A&rft.aulast=Kleinman&rft.aufirst=Peter+J&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colloidal phosphorus in surface runoff and water extracts from semiarid soils of the western United States. AN - 66714124; 15254129 AB - Colloidal particles in runoff may have an important role in P transfer from soils to waterbodies, but remain poorly understood. We investigated colloidal molybdate-reactive phosphorus (MRP) in surface runoff and water extracts of calcareous arable soils from the semiarid western United States. Colloidal MRP was determined by ultrafiltration and operationally defined as MRP associated with particles between 1 microm and 1 nm diameter, although a smaller pore-size filter (0.3 nm) was used to define the lower size limit of colloids in water extracts. In surface runoff from three calcareous soils generated by simulated sprinkler irrigation, colloidal MRP concentrations ranged between 0.16 and 3.07 microM, constituting between 11 and 56% of the MRP in the <1-microm fraction. Concentrations were strongly correlated with agronomic and environmental soil-test P concentrations for individual soils. Water extracts of a range of similar soils contained two size fractions of colloidal MRP: a larger fraction (1.0-0.2 microm) probably associated with fine clays, and a smaller fraction (3-0.3 nm) probably associated with Ca-phosphate minerals. Colloidal MRP was solubilized in the acidic medium of the colorimetric detection procedure, suggesting that a fraction of the filterable MRP in runoff from calcareous soils may not be as readily bioavailable as free phosphate in waterbodies. Our results suggest that colloidal MRP is an important but poorly understood component of P transfer in runoff from calcareous western U.S. soils and should be given greater consideration in mechanistic studies of the P transfer process. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Turner, Benjamin L AU - Kay, Mary A AU - Westermann, Dale T AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83341, USA. bturner@ifas.ufl.edu PY - 2004 SP - 1464 EP - 1472 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Colloids KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants KW - molybdate KW - 14259-85-9 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Molybdenum KW - 81AH48963U KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Particle Size KW - Water Movements KW - Molybdenum -- chemistry KW - Biological Availability KW - Phosphorus -- chemistry KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66714124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Colloidal+phosphorus+in+surface+runoff+and+water+extracts+from+semiarid+soils+of+the+western+United+States.&rft.au=Turner%2C+Benjamin+L%3BKay%2C+Mary+A%3BWestermann%2C+Dale+T&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ammonia volatilization from surface-applied poultry litter under conservation tillage management practices. AN - 66714089; 15254099 AB - Land application of poultry litter can provide essential plant nutrients for crop production, but ammonia (NH(3)) volatilization from the litter can be detrimental to the environment. A multiseason study was conducted to quantify NH(3) volatilization rates from surface-applied poultry litter under no-till and paraplowed conservation tillage managements. Litter was applied to supply 90 to 140 kg N ha(-1). Evaluation of NH(3) volatilization was determined using gas concentrations and the flux-gradient gas transport technique using the momentum balance transport coefficient. Ammonia fluxes ranged from 3.3 to 24% of the total N applied during the winter and summer, respectively. Ammonia volatilization was rapid immediately after litter application and stopped within 7 to 8 d. Precipitation of 17 mm essentially halted volatilization, probably by transporting litter N into the soil matrix. Application of poultry to conservation-tilled cropland immediately before rainfall events would reduce N losses to the atmosphere but could also increase NO(3) leaching and runoff to streams and rivers. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Sharpe, R R AU - Schomberg, H H AU - Harper, L A AU - Endale, D M AU - Jenkins, M B AU - Franzluebbers, A J AD - Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA. rsharpe@uga.edu PY - 2004 SP - 1183 EP - 1188 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Manure KW - Soil KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Agriculture KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Seasons KW - Volatilization KW - Rain KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Ammonia -- chemistry KW - Refuse Disposal KW - Conservation of Natural Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66714089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Ammonia+volatilization+from+surface-applied+poultry+litter+under+conservation+tillage+management+practices.&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+R+R%3BSchomberg%2C+H+H%3BHarper%2C+L+A%3BEndale%2C+D+M%3BJenkins%2C+M+B%3BFranzluebbers%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus distribution in dairy manures. AN - 66713761; 15254135 AB - The chemical composition of manure P is a key factor determining its potential bioavailability and susceptibility to runoff. The distribution of P forms in 13 dairy manures was investigated with sequential fractionation coupled with orthophosphate-releasing enzymatic hydrolysis. Among the 13 dairy manures, manure total P varied between 4100 and 18,300 mg kg(-1) dry matter (DM). Water-extractable P was the largest fraction, with inorganic phosphorus (P(i)) accounting for 12 to 44% of manure total P (1400-6800 mg kg(-1)) and organic phosphorus (P(o)) for 2 to 23% (130-1660 mg kg(-1)), respectively. In the NaHCO(3) fraction, P(i) varied between 740 and 4200 mg P kg(-1) DM (4-44% of total manure P), and P(o) varied between 340 and 1550 mg P kg(-1) DM (2-27% of total manure P). In the NaOH fraction, P(i) fluctuated around 200 mg P kg(-1) DM, and P(o) ranged from 130 to 630 mg P kg(-1) DM. Of the enzymatically hydrolyzable P(o) in the three fractions, phytate-like P dominated, measuring 26 to 605 mg kg(-1) DM, whereas monoester P and DNA-like P were relatively low and less variable. Although concentrations of various P forms varied considerably, significant correlations between manure total P and certain P forms were observed. For example, H(2)O-extracted P(i) was correlated with total manure P (R(2) = 0.62), and so was NaOH-extracted P(o) (R(2) = 0.81). Data also show that the amount of P released by a single extraction with sodium acetate (100 mM, pH 5.0) was equivalent to the sum of P in all three fractions (H(2)O-, NaHCO(3)-, and NaOH-extractable P). Thus, a single extraction by sodium acetate buffer could provide an efficient evaluation of plant-available P in animal manure, while the sequential fractionation approach provides more detailed characterization of manure P. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - He, Zhongqi AU - Griffin, Timothy S AU - Honeycutt, C Wayne AD - USDA-ARS, New England Plant, Soil, and Water Laboratory, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA. zhe@maine.edu PY - 2004 SP - 1528 EP - 1534 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Manure KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Dairying KW - Hydrolysis KW - Biological Availability KW - Phosphorus -- chemistry KW - Soil Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Phosphorus -- metabolism KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66713761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+distribution+in+dairy+manures.&rft.au=He%2C+Zhongqi%3BGriffin%2C+Timothy+S%3BHoneycutt%2C+C+Wayne&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Zhongqi&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of nitrate leaching with haying or grazing and omission of nitrogen fertilizer. AN - 66713358; 15254104 AB - In some high-fertility, high-stocking-density grazing systems, nitrate (NO(3)) leaching can be great, and ground water NO(3)-N concentrations can exceed maximum contaminant levels. To reduce high N leaching losses and concentrations, alternative management practices need to be used. At the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, OH, two management practices were studied with regard to reducing NO(3)-N concentrations in ground water. This was following a fertilized, rotational grazing management practice from which ground water NO(3)-N concentrations exceeded maximum contaminant levels. Using four small watersheds (each approximately 1 ha), rotational grazing of a grass forage without N fertilizer being applied and unfertilized grass forage removed as hay were used as alternative management practices to the previous fertilized pastures. Ground water was sampled at spring developments, which drained the watershed areas, over a 7-yr period. Peak ground water NO(3)-N concentrations before the 7-yr study period ranged from 13 to 25.5 mg L(-1). Ground water NO(3)-N concentrations progressively decreased under each watershed and both management practices. Following five years of the alternative management practices, ground water NO(3)-N concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 3.9 mg L(-1). Both grazing and haying, without N fertilizer being applied to the forage, were similarly effective in reducing the NO(3)-N levels in ground water. This research shows two management practices that can be effective in reducing high NO(3)-N concentrations resulting from high-fertility, high-stocking-density grazing systems, including an option to continue grazing. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Owens, L B AU - Bonta, J V AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA. owens@coshocton.ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1230 EP - 1237 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Water Pollutants KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Solubility KW - Plants, Edible KW - Poaceae KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Nitrates -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66713358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+nitrate+leaching+with+haying+or+grazing+and+omission+of+nitrogen+fertilizer.&rft.au=Owens%2C+L+B%3BBonta%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thinking of Wildfire as a Natural Hazard AN - 60517892; 200519947 AB - Natural hazards theory with its emphasis on understanding the human-hazard interaction has much to offer in better understanding how individuals respond to the wildfire hazard. Ironically, very few natural hazards studies have actually looked at wildfires, despite the insights the field might offer. This report is structured around four interrelated questions that are often heard from individuals involved with wildfire management. Examining these four items through the natural hazards lens can demonstrate just a few of the ways the field can help us think more clearly about individual response to risk & how to increase participation in fire mitigation & support for fire management practices. 1 Figure, 28 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Society and Natural Resources AU - McCaffrey, Sarah AD - North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Evanston, IL smccaffrey@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 509 EP - 516 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0894-1920, 0894-1920 KW - Hazards KW - Fire KW - Disaster Preparedness KW - Human Ecology KW - Natural Disasters KW - Risk Assessment KW - article KW - 2681: environmental interactions; disaster studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60517892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society+and+Natural+Resources&rft.atitle=Thinking+of+Wildfire+as+a+Natural+Hazard&rft.au=McCaffrey%2C+Sarah&rft.aulast=McCaffrey&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Society+and+Natural+Resources&rft.issn=08941920&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F08941920490452445 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SNREEI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Natural Disasters; Human Ecology; Risk Assessment; Hazards; Fire; Disaster Preparedness DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920490452445 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Late summer protein supplementation for yearling cattle AN - 20231145; 6212081 AB - Three studies were conducted to evaluate late summer protein supplementation for growing steers on Northern Great Plains rangeland. In Experiment 1, crossbred yearling steers (N = 80 per year, mean initial live-weight = 275 kg) were allotted to 1 of 2 treatments replicated in 3 pastures in each of 3 years. Treatments were summer-long grazing with or without protein supplementation in late summer. Protein supplement (26% crude protein) was fed at a rate of 1.68 kg (dry matter basis) every third day. In 1995, a third treatment was added to additional pastures consisting of 1.62 kg (dry matter basis) of a 40% crude protein supplement fed every third day. There was no weight gain response to protein supplementation. In Experiment 2, yearling steers grazing rangeland from May to September were fed either no supplement, 1.5 kg of a 22% crude protein safflower meal-based supplement, 1.2 kg of 26% soybean meal-based supplement or 1.2 kg of a 26% safflower and soybean meal-based supplement every third day in late summer. Live-weight gain, forage intake, and digestibility were not affected by supplementation. A third experiment using ruminally cannulated steers fed grass hay and the 3 protein supplements based on safflower and soybean meals showed an increase in ruminal ammonia concentrations but no other appreciable change in ruminal fermentation with protein supplementation. Supplementation with as much as 648 grams of protein every third day was not a viable means to increase gains of steers grazing Northern Great Plains rangelands during late summer under the conditions of this experiment.Original Abstract: Se condujeron tres estudios para evaluar la suplementacion proteica a fines del verano para novillos en crecimiento en un pastizal de las Grandes Planicies del Norte. En el experimento 1 novillos cruzados de un ano de edad (N = 80 por ano, media inicial de peso vivo = 275 kg) se asignaron a uno de dos tratamientos repetidos en tres potreros en cada uno de tres anos. Los tratamientos fueron apacentamiento durante el verano con y sin suplementacion proteica a fines del verano. El suplemento proteico (26% de proteina cruda) se proporciona a una tasa de 1.68 kg (en base a materia seca) cada tres dias. En 1995, un tercer tratamiento se agrego en potreros adicionales consistente de 1.62 kg (en base a materia seca) de un suplemento con 40% de proteina cruda ofrecido cada tercer dia. No hubo respuesta en la ganancia de peso a la suplementacion proteica. En el Experimento 2, novillos de un ano apacentando el pastizal de Mayo a Septiembre fueron alimentados con y sin suplementacion, 1.5 kg de un suplemento a base de harina de cartamo con 22% de proteina cruda, 1.2 kg de un suplemento a base de harina de soya con 26 % de proteina cruda, 1.2 kg de un suplemento a base de harina de soya y cartamo con 26% de proteina cruda, el suplementos se les ofrecio cada tercer dia a fines de verano. La ganancia de peso vivo, el consumo de forraje y la digestibilidad no fueron afectadas por la suplementacion. En un tercer experimento novillos con canula ruminal, alimentados con heno de zacate y los tres suplementos de proteicos basados en harina de soya y cartamo, mostraron un incremento en la concentracion ruminal de amonio, pero no hubo otros cambios apreciables en la fermentacion ruminal producto de la suplementacion proteica. Bajo las condiciones de este experimento la suplementacion con 648 g de proteina como maximo, ofrecida cada tercer dia a fines del verano, no fue un medio viable para incrementar las ganancias de peso de los novillos apacentando los pastizales de las Grandes Planicies del Norte a fines del verano. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Grings, EE AU - Short, R E AU - Haferkamp, M R AU - Heitschmidt, R K AD - Research Animal Scientist, USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, Mont. 59301 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 358 EP - 364 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Bovids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Grazing KW - Fermentation KW - Grasses KW - Ammonia KW - Range management KW - Pasture KW - Hay KW - Bovidae KW - Supplementation KW - Soybeans KW - Rangelands KW - USA KW - Digestibility KW - Dry matter KW - D 04700:Management KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20231145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Late+summer+protein+supplementation+for+yearling+cattle&rft.au=Grings%2C+EE%3BShort%2C+R+E%3BHaferkamp%2C+M+R%3BHeitschmidt%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Grings&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=358&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=358 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rangelands; Grasses; Fermentation; Grazing; Ammonia; Digestibility; Dry matter; Hay; Pasture; Range management; Supplementation; Soybeans; Bovidae; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0358:LSPSFY]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nematode suppression with brassicaceous amendments: application based upon glucosinolate profiles AN - 20132291; 5939101 AB - Glucosinolate profiles differ among plant species and their isothiocyanate (ITC) derivatives differ in toxicity to nematodes. Successful management of plant-parasitic nematodes by ITCs requires the incorporation of appropriate amounts of glucosinolate-containing biomass. Plant materials, containing glucosinolate-precursors of the ITCs most toxic to nematodes, were selected and applied to soil based upon ITC lethal concentration (LC) values. This provided a reliable and repeatable basis for application rates for suppression of Meloidogyne javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans by Brassica hirta and M. javanica by B. juncea. Sufficient biomass of B. hirta to potentially yield 0.03-0.12 mu mol ml super(-1) of glucotropeolin reduced nematode survival compared to similar amounts of broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis). At biomass levels providing >0.37 mu mol ml super(-1) of glucotropeolin, mortality of M. javanica was 100% with B. hirta. Biomass of B. juncea potentially yielding 2.82 mu mol ml super(-1) of sinigrin reduced M. javanica survival 65% below that obtained by a similar amount of broccoli. Rates of B. juncea to yield lethal levels of allyl ITC to reduce T. semipenetrans survival underestimated the glucosinolate application rates for this amendment. Application of plant biomass to soil >2.9% w/w reduced M. javanica survival regardless of the glucosinolate concentration of the amendment material. Application of brassicaceous amendments to soil initiates complex and dynamic biological and chemical processes. Despite the inherent complexity, we find that brassicaceous amendments can be applied to achieve consistent and repeatable nematode suppression when based upon the chemistry of the incorporated material. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Zasada, IA AU - Ferris, H AD - Department of Nematology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA, zasadai@ba.usda.ars.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 1017 EP - 1024 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 36 IS - 7 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Glucosinolate KW - Isothiocyanate KW - Brassica juncea KW - Brassica hirta KW - Tylenchulus semipenetrans KW - Meloidogyne javanica KW - Mortality KW - Survival KW - Toxicity KW - Biomass KW - Brassica KW - Soil KW - Lethal levels KW - sinigrin KW - Nematoda KW - isothiocyanate KW - Glucosinolates KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20132291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Nematode+suppression+with+brassicaceous+amendments%3A+application+based+upon+glucosinolate+profiles&rft.au=Zasada%2C+IA%3BFerris%2C+H&rft.aulast=Zasada&rft.aufirst=IA&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1017&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.soilbio.2003.12.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Mortality; Lethal levels; Survival; Toxicity; Biomass; sinigrin; isothiocyanate; Glucosinolates; Meloidogyne javanica; Tylenchulus semipenetrans; Brassica; Nematoda DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.12.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Syspastospora parasitica, a mycoparasite of the fungus Beauveria bassiana attacking the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata: A tritrophic association. AN - 20028488; 8695971 JF - Journal of Insect Science (Tucson) AU - Posada, Francisco AU - Vega, Fernando E AU - Rehner, Stephen A AU - Blackwell, Meredith AU - Weber, Donald AU - Suh, Sung-Oui AU - Humber, Richard A AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bldg. 011A, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 USA, vegaf@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - Library of the University of Arizona, 1510 East University VL - 4 IS - 24 SN - 1536-2442, 1536-2442 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - biocontrol KW - mycoparasites KW - entomopathogens KW - insect pathology KW - Leptinotarsa KW - Hypothenemus KW - Ecology KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Leptinotarsa decemlineata KW - Entomology KW - Z 05300:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20028488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.atitle=Syspastospora+parasitica%2C+a+mycoparasite+of+the+fungus+Beauveria+bassiana+attacking+the+Colorado+potato+beetle+Leptinotarsa+decemlineata%3A+A+tritrophic+association.&rft.au=Posada%2C+Francisco%3BVega%2C+Fernando+E%3BRehner%2C+Stephen+A%3BBlackwell%2C+Meredith%3BWeber%2C+Donald%3BSuh%2C+Sung-Oui%3BHumber%2C+Richard+A&rft.aulast=Posada&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.issn=15362442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1672%2F1536-2442%282004%290042.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecology; Entomology; Beauveria bassiana; Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa decemlineata DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/1536-2442(2004)004[0001:SPAMOT]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methyl-branched hydrocarbons, major components of the waxy material coating the embryos of the viviparous cockroach Diploptera punctata AN - 19934510; 5978952 AB - The viviparous cockroach Diploptera punctata carries a wax-coated batch of embryos in a brood sac. When the embryos are expelled into saline, flakes of wax from the surface of the embryos float to the surface. In contrast, embryos of the ovoviviparous species such as Rhyparobia maderae are not nourished by the mother during embryogenesis and do not have a copious waxy coating. As a first step in determining the function of this copious wax layer on the batch of embryos of D. punctata, its composition was compared to that of the waxy material on the outer cuticular surface of the mother (female cuticle) by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major lipid class on the embryos was hydrocarbons with lesser amounts of wax esters and long-chain alcohols. Hydrocarbons from both sources had similar elution times and chemical composition, but were markedly different in the amounts of the major methyl-branched hydrocarbon components. A mixture of 3, X-dimethyl alkanes were 44% of the hydrocarbons on the embryos and were only 29% on the female cuticle. However, trimethylalkanes were only 22% of the hydrocarbons on the embryos and were 34% of the hydrocarbons on the female cuticle. The major hydrocarbons from both sources were mixtures of methyl-branched alkanes with backbones of 33 and 35 carbon atoms. Methyl-branched tritriacontanes were 59% of embryo and 35% of female cuticular hydrocarbons; methyl-branched pentatriacontanes were 19% of embryo and 42% of female hydrocarbons. The difference in proportions of the similar hydrocarbons on the outer cuticular surface of the female and those covering the embryos may suggest that the evolution of copious nutrient secretion for the embryos was accompanied by selection for a mixture of hydrocarbons that prevents water loss by the embryos and protects them against invasion by microorganisms without preventing the movement of nutrient fluid into the embryos. JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology AU - Nelson AU - Hines, H AU - Stay, B AD - Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58105, USA, nelsond@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 265 EP - 276 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 138 IS - 3 SN - 1096-4959, 1096-4959 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Methyl-branched hydrocarbons KW - Wax layer KW - Diploptera punctata KW - Water conservation KW - Alkanes KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Lipids KW - Secretion KW - Rhyparobia maderae KW - Nutrients KW - Esters KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Embryogenesis KW - Carbon KW - Gas chromatography KW - trimethylalkanes KW - Water loss KW - Microorganisms KW - alcohols KW - Thin-layer chromatography KW - Cuticular hydrocarbons KW - Evolution KW - Coatings KW - Z 05320:Physiology, Anatomy, and Biochemistry KW - A 01320:Microbial Degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19934510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Biochemistry+and+Physiology%2C+Part+B%3A+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Methyl-branched+hydrocarbons%2C+major+components+of+the+waxy+material+coating+the+embryos+of+the+viviparous+cockroach+Diploptera+punctata&rft.au=Nelson%3BHines%2C+H%3BStay%2C+B&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Biochemistry+and+Physiology%2C+Part+B%3A+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=10964959&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cbpc.2004.04.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alkanes; Hydrocarbons; Secretion; Lipids; Nutrients; Esters; Mass spectroscopy; Embryogenesis; Carbon; Gas chromatography; Water loss; trimethylalkanes; alcohols; Microorganisms; Thin-layer chromatography; Evolution; Cuticular hydrocarbons; Coatings; Rhyparobia maderae; Diploptera punctata DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.04.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Irrigated Agriculture on Soil Carbon and Microbial Community Structure AN - 19932647; 6018765 AB - Increasing the amount of carbon (C) in soils is one method to reduce the concentration of carbon dixoide (CO sub(2)) in the atmosphere. We measured organic C stored in southern Idaho soils having long-term cropping histories that supported native sagebrush vegetation (NSB), irrigated moldboard plowed crops (IMP), irrigated conservation-chisel-tilled crops (ICT), and irrigated pasture systems (IP). The CO sub(2) emitted as a result of fertilizer production, farm operations, and CO sub(2) lost via dissolved carbonate in irrigation water, over a 30-year period, was estimated and used to calculate net C fixation. Organic C in ecosystems decreased in the order IP>ICT>IMP> NSB. In February 2001, active fungal, bacterial, and microbial biomass was greater in IP soils than all other soils. Active fungal, bacterial, and microbial biomass was least in ICT soils at the 15-30-cm depth than all other soils. In August 2001, active bacterial biomass was greater in IMP soils than IP, ICT, and NSB soils. Active fungal biomass was greater in IP soils than all other soils. Whole-soil fatty acid profiles differed among management regimes and sampling dates and, to a lesser extent, with soil depth. FAME profiles from the NSB soils were distinct from the agricultural treatments and contained greater amounts of total fatty acids than the other treatments. The IMP and ICT soils yielded fatty acid profiles that were similar to each other, although those at the 15-30-cm depth were distinct from all other treatment-depth combinations. The IP FAME profiles suggest that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are more common in these soils than soils from the other treatments. Differences in carbon substrate utilization patterns (BIOLOG) among treatments were more variable and less pronounced that FAME results. In general, irrigated arid soils can both increase C storage while increasing microbial biomass and changing microbial diversity. JF - Environmental Management AU - Entry, JA AU - Fuhrmann, J J AU - Sojka, R E AU - Shewmaker, GE AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, Idaho 83341, USA, jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S363 EP - S373 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Farms KW - Inosine monophosphate KW - Arid environments KW - Organic carbon KW - Biodiversity KW - Atmosphere KW - Pasture KW - Crops KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Soil KW - Fertilizers KW - Carbon KW - Sampling KW - Crop KW - Fungi KW - Irrigation KW - Vegetation KW - Biomass KW - Soil depth KW - USA, Idaho KW - Soils (acid) KW - Community structure KW - arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Fatty acids KW - Carbon dioxide KW - carbonates KW - D 04700:Management KW - A 01047:General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - J 02450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19932647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Irrigated+Agriculture+on+Soil+Carbon+and+Microbial+Community+Structure&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BFuhrmann%2C+J+J%3BSojka%2C+R+E%3BShewmaker%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9145-y L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S363.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Crop; Farms; Inosine monophosphate; Fungi; Organic carbon; Irrigation; Vegetation; Biodiversity; Biomass; Pasture; Atmosphere; Crops; Soil; Soil depth; Fertilizers; Soils (acid); Carbon; Community structure; arbuscular mycorrhizas; Fatty acids; Sampling; Carbon dioxide; carbonates; Arid environments; Soil microorganisms; USA, Idaho DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9145-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation Increases Inorganic Carbon in Agricultural Soils AN - 19926523; 6018760 AB - Inorganic C reactions are among the most important chemical reactions that occur in irrigated soils and may contribute to the total amount of C sequestered in those soils. Because CO sub(2) can escape from soils to the atmosphere or return to precipitate carbonate minerals, soils are open systems with regard to inorganic C. We measured inorganic and organic C stored in southern Idaho soils having long-term land-use histories that supported native sagebrush vegetation (NSB), irrigated moldboard plowed crops (IMP), irrigated conservation (chisel) tilled crops (ICT), and irrigated pasture systems (IP). Inorganic C and total C (inorganic + organic C) in soil decreased in the order IMP>ICT>IP>NSB. We use our findings to estimate that amount of possible inorganic and total C sequestration if irrigated agriculture were expanded by 10%. If irrigated agricultural land were expanded by 10% worldwide and NSB were converted to IMP, a possible 1.60 x 10 super(9) Mg inorganic C (2.78% of the total C emitted in the next 30 years) could be sequestered in soil. If irrigated agricultural land were expanded by 10% worldwide and NSB were converted to ICT, a possible 1.10 x 10 super(9) Mg inorganic C (1.87% of the total C emitted in the next 30 years) could be sequestered in soil. If irrigated agricultural land were expanded worldwide and NSB were converted to IP, a possible gain of 2.6 x 10 super(8) Mg inorganic C (0.04% of the total C emitted in the next 30 years) could be sequestered in soils. Inorganic C sequestered from land-use changes have little potential to make a significant impact on the concentration of atmospheric CO sub(2). However, when coupled with organic C and altering land use to produce crops on high-output irrigated agriculture while selected less productive rain-fed agricultural land was returned to temperate forest or native grassland, there could be reductions in atmospheric CO sub(2). JF - Environmental Management AU - Entry, JA AU - Sojka, R E AU - Shewmaker, GE AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, Idaho 83341, USA, jentry@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S309 EP - S317 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Agriculture KW - Carbonates KW - Irrigation KW - Forests KW - Crops KW - Land use KW - Soil KW - Grasslands KW - Carbon sequestration KW - USA, Idaho KW - Carbon KW - Chemical reactions KW - Chemical Reactions KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19926523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Irrigation+Increases+Inorganic+Carbon+in+Agricultural+Soils&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BSojka%2C+R+E%3BShewmaker%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9140-3 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S309.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Agriculture; Carbon sequestration; Chemical reactions; Irrigation; Forests; Land use; Land Use; Grasslands; Carbon; Carbonates; Chemical Reactions; Crops; USA, Idaho DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9140-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Beach Restoration on the Deep-burrowing Ghost Shrimp, Callichirus islagrande AN - 19587198; 8697968 AB - Restorations of barrier islands can be beneficial to coastal marshes, but may also have detrimental effects on intertidal macrobenthic communities. Two barrier islands of the Isles Dernieres chain of Louisiana were recently renourished with dredged sediments taken from the adjacent estuary. This study addresses the impact of beach restoration on intertidal populations of the burrowing ghost shrimp, Callichirus islagrande. We compared sediment characteristics of the restored sites and neighboring sites (both with and without shrimp) and examined the effect of sediment alteration on recolonization rates. Beach height was increased by an average of 2.4 m. Differentiation among sites with respect to silt/clay, sand, and gravel fractions was significant (P<0.001). East Island, the primary site of restoration, had the largest proportion of silt/clay sediments (40 % of total) whereas Trinity Island had the largest proportion of gravel (12 %). Minimal population recovery (total = 3 individuals) was evident 2 years post-restoration. High levels of silt/clay loading at East Island appear to have slowed population recovery. JF - Journal of Coastal Research AU - Bilodeau, ALelania AU - Bourgeois, Robert P AD - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70503, abilodeau@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 931 EP - 936 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0749-0208, 0749-0208 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Sediment characteristics KW - silt loading KW - Callichirus KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Shrimp KW - Callichirus islagrande KW - Estuarine sedimentation KW - Clays KW - recolonization KW - Restoration KW - Islands KW - Sand KW - Coastal Marshes KW - ISW, Australia, Western Australia, East I. KW - Marine crustaceans KW - PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Land, Trinity KW - Marine KW - barrier islands KW - Beaches KW - Gravel KW - Clay KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Silt KW - silt KW - Marshes KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana, Terrebonne Parish, Isles Dernieres KW - Sediments KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Barrier Islands KW - Intertidal environment KW - Community composition KW - Barrier islands KW - Zoobenthos KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19587198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Beach+Restoration+on+the+Deep-burrowing+Ghost+Shrimp%2C+Callichirus+islagrande&rft.au=Bilodeau%2C+ALelania%3BBourgeois%2C+Robert+P&rft.aulast=Bilodeau&rft.aufirst=ALelania&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=931&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.issn=07490208&rft_id=info:doi/10.2112%2F1551-5036%282004%29202.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silt; Barrier islands; Marshes; Estuarine sedimentation; Zoobenthos; Marine crustaceans; Ecosystem disturbance; Intertidal environment; Restoration; barrier islands; Community composition; Beaches; Clay; Islands; Sand; Estuaries; silt; Sediments; recolonization; Gravel; Shrimp; Coastal Marshes; Barrier Islands; Clays; Callichirus islagrande; PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Land, Trinity; ASW, USA, Louisiana; ISW, Australia, Western Australia, East I.; ASW, USA, Louisiana, Terrebonne Parish, Isles Dernieres; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[931:IOBROT]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of Rising Nitrogen Deposition on N Exports from Forests to Surface Waters in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed AN - 19414148; 6018741 AB - In this study, we applied a process-based forest ecosystem model, PnET-CN, to estimate inorganic N (nitrate) loading and retention under chronic increases of atmospheric N deposition in the Chesapeake Bay (CPB) watershed. The results indicated that the average N leaching loss from forested lands in the CPB watershed is 1.23 kg N ha super(-1) y super(-1) at current N deposition levels, suggesting approximately 88% of N is retained by forest ecosystems. Total dissolved inorganic N exported from the forested watersheds was 11,617 Mg N yr super(-1). The predicted rates of the nitrate losses are well validated by the United States Geological Survey-National Water-Quality Assessment data measured from the gauged stations for forested drainages within the CPB watershed, and are also compatible with the field data of N loads associated with forests in the CPB watershed. If N deposition were twice current levels, the retention by forests would drop to 81%. Total N leaching loss to surface waters would then increase more than threefold. A nonlinear increase in N loads from forests under the extreme scenario of atmospheric N deposition shows the symptom of N saturation and an accelerated decline of forest functioning to retain atmospheric N deposition in the CPB watershed with rising levels of nitrogen deposition. JF - Environmental Management AU - Pan, Y AU - Hom, J AU - Birdsey, R AU - McCullough, K AD - USDA Forest Service, Northern Global Change Program, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073, USA, ypan@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - S120 EP - S131 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Symptoms KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Ecosystems KW - Surface water KW - Forests KW - Surface Water KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Chesapeake Bay basin KW - Retention KW - Watersheds KW - Assessments KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Forest ecosystems KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Brackishwater pollution KW - Drainage KW - USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - Brackish KW - ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - Water pollution KW - Nitrogen deposition KW - Deposition KW - Air-water interactions KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19414148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+Rising+Nitrogen+Deposition+on+N+Exports+from+Forests+to+Surface+Waters+in+the+Chesapeake+Bay+Watershed&rft.au=Pan%2C+Y%3BHom%2C+J%3BBirdsey%2C+R%3BMcCullough%2C+K&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9122-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Symptoms; Leaching; Surface water; Brackishwater pollution; Watersheds; Agricultural runoff; Water pollution; Nitrogen; Forests; Atmospheric pollution models; Forest ecosystems; Nitrogen deposition; Drainage; Air-water interactions; Assessments; Nitrates; Ecosystems; Deposition; Surface Water; Retention; USA, Chesapeake Bay; USA, Chesapeake Bay basin; ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay; Brackish; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9122-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon Sequestration in Rangelands Interseeded with Yellow-Flowering Alfalfa (Medicago sativa ssp. falcata) AN - 19411240; 6018776 AB - Management practices can significantly influence carbon sequestration by rangeland ecosystems. Grazing, burning, and fertilization have been shown to increase soil carbon storage in rangeland soils of the Great Plains. Research was initiated in 2001 in northwestern South Dakota to evaluate the role of interseeding a legume, Medicago sativa ssp. falcata, in northern mixed-grass rangelands on carbon sequestration. Sampling was undertaken on a chronosequence of sites interseeded in 1998, 1987, and 1965 as well as immediately adjacent untreated native rangeland sites. Soil organic carbon exhibited an increase of 4% in the 1998, 8% in the 1987, and 17% in the 1965 interseeding dates compared to their respective native untreated rangeland sites. Nitrogen fixation by the legume led to significant increases in total soil nitrogen and increased forage production in the interseeded treatments. Increases in organic carbon mass in this rangeland ecosystem can be attributed to the increase in soil organic carbon storage and the increased aboveground biomass resulting from the increased nitrogen in the ecosystem. The practice of interseeding adaptable cultivars of alfalfa into native rangelands may help in the mitigation of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and enhance the long-term sustainability of the ecosystem. JF - Environmental Management AU - Mortenson, M C AU - Schuman, GE AU - Ingram, L J AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, High Plains Grasslands Research Station, 8408 Hildreth Road, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82009, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S475 EP - S481 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Alfalfa KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, South Dakota KW - Sustainable development KW - Biomass KW - Soil KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Rangelands KW - Carbon KW - Legumes KW - Burning KW - Sampling KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Research programs KW - Medicago sativa KW - Nitrogen KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19411240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Carbon+Sequestration+in+Rangelands+Interseeded+with+Yellow-Flowering+Alfalfa+%28Medicago+sativa+ssp.+falcata%29&rft.au=Mortenson%2C+M+C%3BSchuman%2C+GE%3BIngram%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Mortenson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9155-9 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S475.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Rangelands; Carbon; Legumes; Sampling; Burning; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen; Carbon sequestration; Sustainable development; Biomass; Research programs; Medicago sativa; USA, South Dakota DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9155-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating 2,4-D and sheep grazing to rehabilitate spotted knapweed infestations AN - 19339691; 8697788 AB - Effective integrated weed management requires understanding the impacts of management strategies applied alone and in combination. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of 2,4-D and repeated sheep (Ovis aries) grazing applied alone and in combination on spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) and perennial grasses. We hypothesized that integrating a single spring 2,4-D application would remove the adult plants, repeated sheep grazing would control rosettes, and spotted knapweed density, cover and biomass would decrease, allowing residual grasses to reoccupy the sites. A single spring 2,4-D application at 2.1 kg a.i. ha-1, repeated annual sheep grazing of 95% spotted knapweed or 60% grass utilization, and repeated sheep grazing and 2,4-D combined were applied to small pastures at 2 sites in western Montana beginning in 1997 and continued through 2001. Spotted knapweed rosette and flowering plant density, and spotted knapweed and perennial grass cover and biomass were sampled from 1998 through 2001. Spotted knapweed rosette density was 61.7, 34.3, 44.3, and 0.3 m-2 in the control, sheep grazing, 2,4-D, and combined sheep grazing and 2,4-D treatments, respectively, at 1 site in 2001. Spotted knapweed flowering plant density increased from 3.7 in 1998 to 10.7 m-2 in 2002 in the 2,4-D treatment whereas there was no increase in the 2,4-D combined with sheep grazing treatment from 1998 to 2002. Perennial grass biomass was 6.9, 8.4, 25.7, and 19.7 in the control, sheep grazing, 2,4-D, and combined sheep grazing and 2,4-D treatments, respectively, averaged for both sites and 4 years of sampling. Herbicides released perennial grasses from weed competition and changed the weed population from mature, less palatable plants to juvenile plants that were preferred by sheep. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Sheley, Roger L AU - Jacobs, James S AU - Martin, John M AD - Rangeland Weed Ecologist, USDA-Agricultural Research Service and the Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, Ore. 97720 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 371 EP - 375 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Centaurea maculosa KW - noxious rangelands weeds KW - integrated weed management KW - grazing weeds KW - 2,4-D KW - Flowering KW - Rosette KW - Weeds KW - Grazing KW - Grasses KW - Sampling KW - Biomass KW - Ovis aries KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19339691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Integrating+2%2C4-D+and+sheep+grazing+to+rehabilitate+spotted+knapweed+infestations&rft.au=Sheley%2C+Roger+L%3BJacobs%2C+James+S%3BMartin%2C+John+M&rft.aulast=Sheley&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rosette; Flowering; 2,4-D; Weeds; Grasses; Grazing; Sampling; Biomass; Centaurea maculosa; Ovis aries DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0371:IDASGT]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of the white pine blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola) infecting whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and Ribes spp. in the Jarbidge Mountains of Northeastern Nevada AN - 18064191; 6080320 AB - The Jarbidge Mountains are a remote and little-visited desert mountain range at the northern edge of the Great Basin in Elko County, NV, 110 km north of Elko and 115 km southwest of Twin Falls, ID. The forest is dominated by subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) at lower elevations and whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) at higher elevations; limber pine (P. flexilis) occurs along streams in canyons at lower elevations (2). P. albicaulis and P. flexilis are hosts for the blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola. In the late 1990s, a survey across the Intermountain West reported no evidence of C. ribicola in the Jarbidge Mountains or elsewhere in the central Great Basin (3). However, unpublished observations by D. A. Charlet in 1988 and 2001 indicate that blister rust has been present in the Jarbidge Mountains for at least 16 years. In September 2002, D. R. Vogler visited the Jarbidge Mountains over a 2-week period, examining whitebark pines along the unpaved route through the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest connecting Highway 225 and Jarbidge, NV. Blister rust-infected whitebark were found in two locations: (i) Coon Creek Summit (2,575 m elevation), atop the divide between the Great Basin to the south and the Columbia Plateau to the north, and (ii) Bear Creek drainage (2,315 to 2,405 m elevation), 6.7 km northeast of Coon Creek Summit. At Coon Creek Summit, three whitebark pines ranging in diameter from 10 to 30 cm at breast height (dbh) were infected (evidenced by spindle-shaped branch swellings, aecia, and aeciospores), with the oldest infection occurring on wood produced in 1975. Assuming a mean needle retention of 10 years, the first pine infection likely occurred between 1975 and 1984. Ribes montigenum and an unknown Ribes sp. were common at Coon Creek Summit but were not infected. In the Bear Creek drainage north of the divide, 27 whitebark pines ranging in size from under 0.3 m high to 12 cm dbh were found infected, with the oldest infection on 1976 wood indicating an origin between 1976 and 1985. Most pines there, however, appeared to have been infected between 1994 and 1998. At Bear Creek, infection on Ribes spp. was common, with R. cereum the most frequently infected species. Voucher specimens of R. cereum (KPK-948 and KPK-949) are archived in the fungal herbarium at the Institute of Forest Genetics, Placerville, CA. On pine, fresh spermatia and aeciospores were abundant even though it was late in the season. Late sporulation has also been observed above 2,500 m on western white (P. monticola) and whitebark pine northeast of Lake Tahoe in Nevada (4). To our knowledge, our report marks the first recorded intrusion by C. ribicola into the north-central Great Basin. Recently, the first report of C. ribicola on Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (P. aristata) was documented in southern Colorado (1). Now, Great Basin bristlecone (P. longaeva), which is restricted in Nevada to higher elevations in the eastern and southern parts of the state (2), may also be at risk; the northernmost occurrence of this last whitepine holdout from blister rust is in the Ruby Mountains, 135 km south of our findings in the Jarbidge Mountains. JF - Plant Disease AU - Vogler AU - Charlet, DA AD - Institute of Forest Genetics, USDA, Forest Service, PSW Research Station, Davis, CA 95616 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 772 VL - 88 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Disease spread KW - Plant diseases KW - Pinus albicaulis KW - Host range KW - Cronartium ribicola KW - Sporulation KW - USA, Nevada KW - Rust KW - Ribes KW - Blister rust KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18064191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+the+white+pine+blister+rust+fungus+%28Cronartium+ribicola%29+infecting+whitebark+pine+%28Pinus+albicaulis%29+and+Ribes+spp.+in+the+Jarbidge+Mountains+of+Northeastern+Nevada&rft.au=Vogler%3BCharlet%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Vogler&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=772&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cronartium ribicola; Pinus albicaulis; Ribes; USA, Nevada; Plant diseases; Blister rust; Disease spread; Rust; Host range; Sporulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of alternan-producing strains of Leuconostoc by electroporation AN - 18056511; 6032847 AB - Alternan-producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NRRL B-1355 and its glucansucrase-negative derivative NRRL B-21414 were transformed by electroporation using four Gram positive-Gram negative shuttle vectors. Optimal conditions were 400 Omega and 10 kV cm super(-1), resulting in transformation efficiencies of up to 3.5 x 10 super(4) per mu g DNA. Relatively low copy numbers and native plasmids made it difficult to visualize the introduced plasmids on ethidium bromide-stained gels and, in some cases, on blot hybridizations. However, PCR analysis indicated that 95% of putative transformants carried plasmid sequences. Direct colony PCR was shown to work well for this system and also for transformants of L. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Leathers, T D AU - Jones, J D AU - Wyckoff, HA AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 1119 EP - 1124 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 26 IS - 14 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides cremoris KW - Transformation KW - Gels KW - Electroporation KW - DNA KW - Ethidium bromide KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Plasmids KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18056511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+alternan-producing+strains+of+Leuconostoc+by+electroporation&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BJones%2C+J+D%3BWyckoff%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ABILE.0000035482.41491.7e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gels; Transformation; Electroporation; Ethidium bromide; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Plasmids; Leuconostoc mesenteroides cremoris DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:BILE.0000035482.41491.7e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatiles Production and Attractiveness to the Mexican Fruit Fly of Enterobacter agglomerans Isolated from Apple Maggot and Mexican Fruit Flies AN - 18049875; 6038837 AB - We investigated two strains of uricase (+) Enterobacter agglomerans, one isolated from the apple maggot fly (AMF) and one from the Mexican fruit fly (MFF), for 1) attractiveness to MFF, and 2) production of attractive chemicals. Regarding chemicals demonstrated attractive to the MFF, the MFF bacterial strain produced more 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-phenylethanol, and indole than the AMF strain, whereas the AMF, but not the MFF strain, produced 3-hydroxybutanone. Cell types that predominated in plated subcultures varied from batch to batch resulting in variation in volatiles production, especially by the AMF strain where indole was sometimes a major component of the odor and at other times not detectable. Despite the greater production of attractive chemicals by the MFF strain, the AMF strain was consistently more attractive and the MFF strain was not different from uninoculated control plates. Statistical analyses indicated negative correlations of attractiveness with production of indole, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and 2-phenylethanol, and positive correlation with 3-hydroxybutanone. Results support previous findings with the Mexican fruit fly that showed combinations of attractive chemicals sometimes are not attractive. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Lauzon, C R AU - He, X AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Research, ARS, USDA, 2413 E. Highway 83, Building 200 Weslaco, Texas 78596, USA, drobacker@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 1329 EP - 1347 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 30 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Odor KW - Enterobacteriaceae KW - Tephritidae KW - Volatiles KW - Chemical communication KW - Enterobacter agglomerans KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18049875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Volatiles+Production+and+Attractiveness+to+the+Mexican+Fruit+Fly+of+Enterobacter+agglomerans+Isolated+from+Apple+Maggot+and+Mexican+Fruit+Flies&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BLauzon%2C+C+R%3BHe%2C+X&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOEC.0000037743.98703.43 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterobacter agglomerans; Enterobacteriaceae; Tephritidae; Volatiles; Odor; Chemical communication DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000037743.98703.43 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence Gene Distribution and Dynamics of the White Pine Blister Rust Pathogen in Western North America AN - 18036671; 5986912 AB - We assayed the distribution and frequency of two genes of the blister rust pathogen with specific virulence to major resistance genes in sugar pine and western white pine in inoculum from extensive parts of the hosts' ranges. The genes, vcr1 and vcr2, differentially neutralize the cognate resistance alleles Cr1 and Cr2 of the two respective hosts and are clearly marked by their interaction phenotypes. Basidiospores from each inoculum source were cast over Cr1 and Cr2 host genotypes simultaneously, and interaction phenotypes scored when developed. vcr1 was confined to sites with high concentrations of Cr1 (mostly plantations) where frequencies tended toward fixation. vcr2 showed a similar tendency, except high frequencies were occasionally observed from natural and planted stands of western white pine with very low frequencies of Cr2. Otherwise, no pattern was evident for either allele: frequencies were very erratic from site to site within short distances (<1 to 7 km) of each other and oscillated with high amplitudes at the same sites measured in consecutive years. Intense selection for virulence by Cr alleles occurs locally, but spread of vcr alleles over the landscape is mitigated by remarkably low gene flow. Absence of heterozygotes among single telia inoculum on Cr2 genotypes indicated cytoplasmic inheritance of vcr2, similar to vcr1 (previously reported). JF - Phytopathology AU - Kinloch, BB Jr AU - Sniezko, R A AU - Dupper, GE AD - Institute of Forest Genetics, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA, bkinloch@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 751 EP - 758 VL - 94 IS - 7 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - vcr1 gene KW - vcr2 gene KW - sugar pine KW - western white pine KW - genetic resistance KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Genotypes KW - Virulence KW - Blister rust KW - Alleles KW - Distribution KW - Telia KW - Inoculum KW - Interaction KW - Basidiospores KW - Concentration KW - Cytoplasmic inheritance KW - USA KW - Heterozygotes KW - Selection KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01044:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18036671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Virulence+Gene+Distribution+and+Dynamics+of+the+White+Pine+Blister+Rust+Pathogen+in+Western+North+America&rft.au=Kinloch%2C+BB+Jr%3BSniezko%2C+R+A%3BDupper%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Kinloch&rft.aufirst=BB&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Alleles; Heterozygotes; Cytoplasmic inheritance; Inoculum; Telia; Selection; Distribution; Blister rust; Basidiospores; Interaction; Genotypes; Virulence; Concentration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Prairie Dog Story: Do We Have It Right? AN - 18027477; 5958702 AB - As public and scientific interest in black-tailed prairie dogs has grown, views about their ecological role have become polarized. We evaluated three claims frequently made concerning the status of black-tailed prairie dogs and their interactions with other species: (1) that black-tailed prairie dogs historically occupied 40 million to 100 million hectares (ha) and now occupy only 1 to 2 percent of their former range, (2) that large ungulates preferentially forage on prairie dog colonies, and (3) that prairie dogs do not reduce carrying capacity for large herbivores. The conclusion that prairie dogs historically occupied up to 100 million ha is not supported by the literature, and the more conservative figure of 40 million ha is based on estimates from the early 20th century, when prairie dog populations were artificially high as a result of human activities. Prairie dog activity is not unique in facilitating grazing by large herbivores; and selection of prairie dog colonies for foraging is limited to specific conditions, including colony age, proximity, and season of the year. Finally, prairie dogs reduce carrying capacity for large herbivores by consuming forage, clipping plants to increase visibility, building mounds, and changing plant cover and species composition. JF - Bioscience AU - Vermeire, L T AU - Heitschmidt, R K AU - Johnson, P S AU - Sowell, B F AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, 243 Fort Keogh Road, Miles City, MT 59301, USA, lance@larrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 689 EP - 695 PB - American Institute of Biological Sciences VL - 54 IS - 7 SN - 0006-3568, 0006-3568 KW - Black-tailed prairie dog KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Prairies KW - Population status KW - Population density KW - Cynomys ludovicianus KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18027477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience&rft.atitle=The+Prairie+Dog+Story%3A+Do+We+Have+It+Right%3F&rft.au=Vermeire%2C+L+T%3BHeitschmidt%2C+R+K%3BJohnson%2C+P+S%3BSowell%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Vermeire&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience&rft.issn=00063568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prairies; Population density; Population status; Cynomys ludovicianus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Recombinant ESAT-6:CFP-10 Fusion Protein for Differentiation of Infections of Cattle by Mycobacterium bovis and by M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis AN - 18014669; 5969513 AB - Immunological diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle is often confounded by cross-reactive responses resulting from exposure to other mycobacterial species, especially Mycobacterium avium. Early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) are dominant gamma interferon (IFN- gamma )-inducing antigens of tuberculous mycobacteria, and they are absent from many environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria. Because M. avium exposure is the primary confounding factor in the diagnosis of M. bovis-infected animals, in vitro responses to a recombinant ESAT-6:CFP-10 (rESAT-6:CFP-10) fusion protein by blood leukocytes from cattle naturally exposed to M. avium or experimentally challenged with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium or Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were compared to responses by M. bovis-infected cattle. Responses to heterogeneous mycobacterial antigens (i.e., purified protein derivatives [PPDs] and whole-cell sonicates [WCSs]) were also evaluated. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha ), IFN- gamma , and nitric oxide responses by M. bovis-infected cattle to rESAT-6:CFP-10 exceeded (P < 0.05) the corresponding responses by cattle naturally sensitized to M. avium. Experimental infection with M. bovis, M. avium, or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis induced significant (P < 0.05) IFN- gamma and nitric oxide production to WCS and PPD antigens, regardless of the mycobacterial species used for the preparation of the antigen. Responses to homologous crude antigens generally exceeded responses to heterologous antigens. Nitric oxide and IFN- gamma responses to rESAT-6:CFP-10 by blood leukocytes from M. bovis-infected calves exceeded (P < 0.05) the corresponding responses of noninfected, M. avium-infected, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected calves. Despite the reported potential for secretion of immunogenic ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins by M. avium and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, it appears that use of the rESAT-6:CFP-10 fusion protein will be useful for the detection of tuberculous cattle in herds with pre-existing sensitization to M. avium and/or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Waters, W R AU - Nonnecke, B J AU - Palmer, M V AU - Robbe-Austermann, S AU - Bannantine, J P AU - Stabel, J R AU - Whipple, D L AU - Payeur, J B AU - Estes, D M AU - Pitzer, JE AU - Minion, F C AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit. Periparturient Diseases of Cattle Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service. Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 729 EP - 735 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - CFP-10 protein KW - ESAT-6 antigen KW - g-Interferon KW - Mycobacterium avium avium KW - Leukocytes KW - Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Tumor necrosis factor-a KW - ^g-Interferon KW - Tumor necrosis factor-^a KW - Nitric oxide KW - Tuberculin KW - Vaccines KW - Fusion protein KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18014669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Use+of+Recombinant+ESAT-6%3ACFP-10+Fusion+Protein+for+Differentiation+of+Infections+of+Cattle+by+Mycobacterium+bovis+and+by+M.+avium+subsp.+avium+and+M.+avium+subsp.+paratuberculosis&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BNonnecke%2C+B+J%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BRobbe-Austermann%2C+S%3BBannantine%2C+J+P%3BStabel%2C+J+R%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BPayeur%2C+J+B%3BEstes%2C+D+M%3BPitzer%2C+JE%3BMinion%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium avium avium; Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis; Fusion protein; CFP-10 protein; ESAT-6 antigen; g-Interferon; Leukocytes; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Tuberculin; Nitric oxide; Vaccines; ^g-Interferon; Tumor necrosis factor-^a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial and quality changes in minimally processed baby spinach leaves stored under super atmospheric oxygen and modified atmosphere conditions AN - 18014514; 5984199 AB - The effect of super atmospheric O sub(2) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on plant metabolism, organoleptic quality and microbial growth of minimally processed baby spinach was studied. Packaging film O sub(2) transmission rates and initial levels of super atmospheric O sub(2) in the packages significantly affected the changes of in-package atmospheres during storage, and consequently quality of baby spinach leaves. In general, a barrier film maintained a higher O sub(2) level for both 80 and 100 kPa O sub(2) treatments during entire storage. Packages with the barrier film also exhibited a more rapid accumulation of CO sub(2) than those with the permeable film, with CO sub(2) levels ranging from 16.2 to 22.5 kPa in the barrier film packages, versus 6.1-10.6 kPa in the permeable film packages at the end of 12 days of storage at 5 degree C. Packages prepared with the barrier film with an initial O sub(2) level at 21% accumulated CO sub(2) during storage and exhibited a significant reduction in aerobic mesophilic bacterial growth compared to the perforated film packages (control). However, this treatment also developed strong off-odor and a loss of tissue integrity. Adding super atmospheric O sub(2) to the packages alleviated tissue injury in addition to reducing microbial growth and was beneficial in maintaining quality of fresh-cut baby spinach. JF - Postharvest Biology and Technology AU - Allende, A AU - Luo, Yaguang AU - McEvoy, J L AU - Artes, F AU - Wang, Chien Y AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, Henry A. Wallace Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 002, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, luoy@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 51 EP - 59 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0925-5214, 0925-5214 KW - Spinach KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Oxygen KW - Leaves KW - Spinacia oleracea KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Atmospheric conditions KW - Packaging KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18014514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Microbial+and+quality+changes+in+minimally+processed+baby+spinach+leaves+stored+under+super+atmospheric+oxygen+and+modified+atmosphere+conditions&rft.au=Allende%2C+A%3BLuo%2C+Yaguang%3BMcEvoy%2C+J+L%3BArtes%2C+F%3BWang%2C+Chien+Y&rft.aulast=Allende&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.issn=09255214&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.postharvbio.2004.03.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spinacia oleracea; Leaves; Oxygen; Atmospheric conditions; Carbon dioxide; Packaging DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.03.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of pocket gophers on desert soils and vegetation AN - 18004367; 5954852 AB - The effects of pocket gophers (Geomyidae) on soils and vegetation were studied on Chihuahuan Desert and Sonoran Desert catenas for comparison with the effects of pocket gophers on soils and vegetation in mesic environments. Two species of gophers, Thomomys bottae and T. umbrinus, ejecta mounds were located on upper slopes of piedmonts where runoff from mountains increase soil moisture. Geomys arenarius ejecta mounds were restricted to small valley bottoms on ridge and valley mesa topography. Soil bulk density of ejecta mound soils was lower than undisturbed soil at the Chihuahuan Desert sites but not at the Sonoran Desert site. Significantly higher annual plant cover were recorded only for ejecta mounds of the Chihuahuan Desert piedmont. The effects of pocket gopher burrowing differed between the species, with G. arenarius sites showing greater extent of soil disturbance at a local scale, but effects of these disturbances on desert soils vegetation are dependent upon the properties of the undisturbed soil. These findings of limited impacts of burrowing on soil chemistry contrast with the situation in more mesic areas. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Kerley, GI AU - Whitford, W G AU - Kay AD - USDA Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3 JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, N M 88003, USA, zlagik@zoo.upe.ac.za Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 154 EP - 165 PB - Elsevier Ltd VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Desert pocket gopher KW - Western pocket gophers KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Thomomys KW - Arid environments KW - Soil chemistry KW - Habitat changes KW - Cover KW - Geomys arenarius KW - Digging behavior KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18004367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Effects+of+pocket+gophers+on+desert+soils+and+vegetation&rft.au=Kerley%2C+GI%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3BKay&rft.aulast=Kerley&rft.aufirst=GI&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jaridenv.2003.08.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Arid environments; Soil chemistry; Habitat changes; Cover; Digging behavior; Thomomys; Geomys arenarius DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2003.08.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell-mediated immune responses to a killed Salmonella enteritidis vaccine: lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell changes and interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL- 1, IL-2, and IFN- gamma production AN - 17983493; 5923724 AB - Two experimental approaches were used to investigate the immunological responses of chickens to a commercial killed Salmonella enteritidis (SE) vaccine. In the first, the effects of host age on antigen-specific proliferative responses and cytokine production were examined. Compared with non-vaccinated controls, 4-wk-old vaccinated chickens showed higher proliferation to SE LPS and flagella. The lymphoproliferation responses to these antigens of 8-mo-old vaccinated chickens were not different compared to the non-vaccinated controls. Increased production of interferon- gamma (IFN- gamma ) and interleukin-2 (IL- 2) by antigen-stimulated splenocytes following vaccination were, in general, more often observed in 4-wk-old compared with 8-mo-old chickens, whereas serum levels of these cytokines were consistently higher in the vaccinated birds compared with controls regardless of age. The second set of experiments were designed to determine the effects of SE vaccination on mitogen- or antigen- induced splenocyte proliferation and serum nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine levels. Splenocytes from vaccinated chickens stimulated with SE flagella showed significantly increased numbers of TCR gamma delta super(+) cells at 7 days post- vaccination compared with non-vaccinated birds. In contrast, no differences were noted with CD4 super(+), CD8 super(+), or TCR alpha beta super(+) cells at any time points examined. Higher levels of NO production were observed following stimulation with SE flagella at 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after SE vaccination while serum levels of IFN- gamma , IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 were elevated only at day 7 post- vaccination. In conclusion, younger chickens mounted a more robust antigen- specific immune response to the SE vaccine compared with older birds and vaccination induced not only T-cell-mediated responses but also host innate and pro-inflammatory responses.Original Abstract: Deux approches experimentales ont ete utilisees pour examiner les reactions immunologiques de poulets au vaccin tue commercial Salmonella enteritidis. La premiere visait a observer les effets de l'age du sujet sur les reactions proliferatives specifiques aux antigenes et la production de cytokine. Par comparaison avec des temoins non vaccines, les poulets de 4 semaines vaccines ont montre un taux superieur de proliferation de LPS et flagelles de SE. Les reactions de lymphoproliferation a ces antigenes chez des poulets vaccines ages de 8 mois n'etaient pas differentes de celles de temoins non vaccines. On a en general observe l'augmentation de la production d'interferone-[gamma] (IFN- [gamma]) et d'interleukine-2 (IL-2) par des splenocytes stimules par des antigenes a la suite de la vaccination plus souvent chez des poulets de 4 semaines que chez des poulets de 8 mois, tandis que les niveaux de serum de ces cytokines etaient regulierement plus eleves chez les volatiles vaccines que chez les temoins non vaccines, quel que soit leur age. La seconde serie d'experiences etait concue pour determiner les effets de la vaccination SE sur la proliferation de splenocytes causee par des mitogenes ou des antigenes, et sur les niveaux d'oxyde nitrique (NO) et de cytokine. Les splenocytes de poulets vaccines stimules avec flagelles SE montraient des taux de cellules TCR[gamma][delta] super(+) beaucoup plus eleves a 7 jours apres la vaccination que ceux de volatiles non vaccines. Des taux de production de NO superieurs etaient observables a la suite d'une stimulation avec flagelle SE a 4, 7, 11 et 14 jours apres vaccination SE tandis que les niveaux de IFN-[gamma], IL-1, IL-6, et IL-8 n'etaient superieurs qu'au 7eme jour apres la vaccination. En conclusion, des poulets plus jeunes ont temoigne d'une reponse immunitaire specifique aux antigenes au vaccin SE plus forte que celle de volatiles plus ages, et la vaccination a produit non seulement des reponses mediatisees par les cellules T mais aussi des reponses innees et pro-inflammatoires chez les sujets. Chicken; Salmonella enteritidis; Killed vaccine; Cell proliferation; Cytokines SE, Salmonella enteritidis; ppi, post-primary immunization; psi, post- secondary immunization; OMP, outer membrane protein; HK-SE, heat-killed SE; HBSS, Hanks' balanced salt solution; RPMI-10, RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 [mu]g/ml streptomycin; FCS, fetal calf serum; SI, stimulation index; PBS-T, PBS containing 0.05% Tween; DTH, delayed-type hypersensitivity; WST-8, 2-[2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl]-3-[4- nitrophenyl]-5-[2, 4-disulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt JF - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases AU - Okamura, M AU - Lillehoj, H S AU - Raybourne, R B AU - Babu, U S AU - Heckert, R A AD - Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, USDA-ARS, BARC-East, Building 1043, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 255 EP - 272 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0147-9571, 0147-9571 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Interleukin 6 KW - gamma -Interferon KW - Splenocytes KW - Immune response (cell-mediated) KW - Interleukin 2 KW - Interleukin 1 KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Cytokines KW - Vaccines KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Flagella KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17983493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Cell-mediated+immune+responses+to+a+killed+Salmonella+enteritidis+vaccine%3A+lymphocyte+proliferation%2C+T-cell+changes+and+interleukin-6+%28IL-6%29%2C+IL-+1%2C+IL-2%2C+and+IFN-+gamma+production&rft.au=Okamura%2C+M%3BLillehoj%2C+H+S%3BRaybourne%2C+R+B%3BBabu%2C+U+S%3BHeckert%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Okamura&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=01479571&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cimid.2003.12.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Interleukin 6; Splenocytes; gamma -Interferon; Immune response (cell-mediated); Interleukin 2; Interleukin 1; Lymphocytes T; Cytokines; Vaccines; Flagella; Salmonella enteritidis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2003.12.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral Inoculation of A/J Mice for Detection of Invasiveness Differences between Listeria monocytogenes Epidemic and Environmental Strains AN - 17978423; 5939611 AB - Four-week-old Harlan A/J mice were orally infected with six epidemic and six environmental strains of Listeria monocytogenes. Epidemic strains were significantly more invasive as a group than were environmental strains (P < 0.05), and the intestines of some mice infected with epidemic strains had extensive hemorrhage. Mice inoculated with epidemic strains were significantly more likely to become systemically infected than mice inoculated with environmental strains (P < 0.01). JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Kim, SH AU - Bakko, M K AU - Knowles, D AU - Borucki, M K AD - USDA-ARS, 3003 ADBF, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, mborucki@vetmed.wsu.edu Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 4318 EP - 4321 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 72 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Disseminated infection KW - Intestine KW - Animal models KW - Hemorrhage KW - Strains KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17978423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Oral+Inoculation+of+A%2FJ+Mice+for+Detection+of+Invasiveness+Differences+between+Listeria+monocytogenes+Epidemic+and+Environmental+Strains&rft.au=Kim%2C+SH%3BBakko%2C+M+K%3BKnowles%2C+D%3BBorucki%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=4318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.72.7.4318-4321.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Animal models; Intestine; Strains; Hemorrhage; Disseminated infection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.7.4318-4321.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Empirical Distribution Models for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef Produced by a Mid-size Commercial Grinder AN - 17816637; 6196617 AB - The purpose of this research was to develop empirical models that describe the amount and distribution of ground beef contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 when a contaminated beef trim is introduced into a batch of uncontaminated beef before processing in a mid-size commercial grinder (34 g/s). A beef trim was inoculated with a rifampacin-resistant strain of E. coli O157:H7 and added to a batch of noncontaminated trims at the grinding step. To study the distribution of the E. coli O157:H7 super(rif) in the ground beef, 6 treatments with different inoculum levels (1 to 6 log sub(10) colony-forming units [CFU]) were tested. Removal or pick up of the residual contamination with E. coli O157:H7 super(rif) left in the grinder was evaluated. E. coli O157:H7 super(rif) was detected in 9% to 86% of the total ground beef for the 1 to 6 log sub(10) CFU inoculum levels, respectively. E. coli O157:H7 super(rif) contamination was detected in the collar that fixes the grinder's die and blade to the hub. An exponential algorithm described the relationship between the quantities of ground beef containing E. coli O157:H7 super(rif) and the inoculum level (R super(2) = 0.82). Distribution models based on a Chi-squared algorithm were developed for each inoculum level describing the contamination level as a function of the batch fraction processed (R super(2) = 0.81 to 0.99). The results of this study corroborate that when beef processors test for pathogenic contamination in a mid-scale grinder, they should test the beef residues in the collar that fixes the grinder's die and blade to the hub. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Flores, R A AU - Stewart, TE AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, rflores@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - M121 EP - M126 VL - 69 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Food processing KW - Beef KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Algorithms KW - Inoculum KW - Escherichia coli KW - Food contamination KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17816637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Empirical+Distribution+Models+for+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+Ground+Beef+Produced+by+a+Mid-size+Commercial+Grinder&rft.au=Flores%2C+R+A%3BStewart%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Flores&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=M121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Beef; Inoculum; Food contamination; Algorithms; Colony-forming cells; Food processing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety of Brucella abortus Strain Rb51 in Black Bears AN - 17798812; 6119798 AB - In two studies conducted from October 1999 to March 2000 and December 2000 to April 2001, adult black bears (Ursus americanus) were orally inoculated with 1.4-3.1x10 super(10) colony-forming units (CFU) of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51, n=12) or 2 ml of 0.15 M NaCl solution (saline, n=11). We did not detect a difference (P>0.05) in antibody titers to SRB51 in serum obtained before vaccination, at 8 wk after vaccination, or at necropsy at 21 or 23 wk after vaccination between SRB51-vaccinated and nonvaccinated bears. The SRB51 vaccine strain was recovered from tissues obtained at necropsy from one of six SRB51-vaccinated bears in study 1, but none of the six SRB51-vaccinated bears in study 2. Vaccination of black bears with SRB51 did not appear to influence (P>0.05) reproductive performance. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Olsen, Steven C AU - Rhyan, Jack AU - Gidlewski, T AU - Goff, Jesse AU - Stoffregen, W C AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA, solsen@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 429 EP - 433 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - American black bear KW - Black bear KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Biosafety KW - Brucella KW - RB51 KW - serology KW - Ursus americanus KW - vaccine KW - Autopsy KW - Antibodies KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Salinity effects KW - Brucella abortus KW - Reproduction KW - Vaccines KW - Vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17798812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Safety+of+Brucella+abortus+Strain+Rb51+in+Black+Bears&rft.au=Olsen%2C+Steven+C%3BRhyan%2C+Jack%3BGidlewski%2C+T%3BGoff%2C+Jesse%3BStoffregen%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Autopsy; Antibodies; Salinity effects; Colony-forming cells; Reproduction; Vaccines; Vaccination; Ursus americanus; Brucella abortus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation Behavior of Some Vegetable Oil-Based Polymers AN - 1777106990; 13882650 AB - The potential biodegradability of several vegetable oil-based polymers was assessed by respirometry in soil for 60-100 days at temperatures of 30-58C. Films of soybean oil and linseed oil which were oxidatively polymerized (Co catalyst) on a kraft paper support were 90%-100% mineralized to CO sub(2) after 70 days at 30C. Mineralization of polymerized tung oil to CO sub(2) was much slower than soy or linseed oils. Mineralization of epoxy resins made from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids was rapid while mineralization of similar resins made with a triacid (citric) was slower. There was no significant degradation of polyamine/ESO resins after 100 days at 58C. Mineralization of the available carbon in vegetable oil polyurethanes and cationically polymerized ESO was less than 7.5% after 70 days at 30C and 25 days at 55C compared to 100% for soybean oil. From these results, it appears that triglycerides highly cross-linked with non-degradable linkages are not biodegradable to a significant extent while triglycerides cross-linked with hydrolysable bonds such as esters remain biodegradable. JF - Journal of Polymers and the Environment AU - Shogren, Randal L AU - Petrovic, Zoran AU - Liu, Zengshe AU - Erhan, Sevim Z AD - Plant Polymer Research Units, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL, 61604 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 173 EP - 178 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 1566-2543, 1566-2543 KW - Advanced Polymers Abstracts (EP); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN) KW - Vegetables KW - Resins KW - Polymerization KW - Crosslinking KW - Mineralization KW - Biodegradability KW - Linseed oil KW - Soybeans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777106990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+Behavior+of+Some+Vegetable+Oil-Based+Polymers&rft.au=Shogren%2C+Randal+L%3BPetrovic%2C+Zoran%3BLiu%2C+Zengshe%3BErhan%2C+Sevim+Z&rft.aulast=Shogren&rft.aufirst=Randal&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15662543&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOOE.0000038549.73769.7d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOOE.0000038549.73769.7d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defaunation Leads to Cannibalism in Primary Reproductives of the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes Formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) AN - 17757453; 6051893 AB - Soon after swarming, the alates of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), drop their wings, form tandem pairs, and look for new nesting sites to form incipient colonies. In approximately 10% of the several hundred incipient colonies kept in laboratory, both the male and female were found to cannibalize their progeny and die of starvation. Examination of such adults revealed that all of them had lost most of their gut fauna, essential for the digestion of wood. We used antibiotic (gentamicin) and a combination of gentamicin and antiprotozoal (metronidazole) compounds during 2002 and 2003, respectively, to induce defaunation in 30-d-old adults after they had laid 30-40 eggs. The progeny of treated pairs compared with control pairs was significantly lower 30 and 60 d after treatment. Feeding on these chemicals during 2003 caused total loss of spirochetes and one of the three flagellates, while the numbers of the other two flagellates were greatly reduced. It is suggested that, in the absence of gut fauna, the adult termites cannot effectively feed on wood, and the ensuing hunger results in cannibalism of their progeny. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Raina, A K AU - Park, YI AU - Lax, A Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 753 EP - 756 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Defaunation KW - Isoptera KW - Formosan subterranean termite KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rhinotermitidae KW - Social organization KW - Symbionts KW - Cannibalism KW - Swarming behavior KW - Coptotermes formosanus KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17757453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Defaunation+Leads+to+Cannibalism+in+Primary+Reproductives+of+the+Formosan+Subterranean+Termite%2C+Coptotermes+Formosanus+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermitidae%29&rft.au=Raina%2C+A+K%3BPark%2C+YI%3BLax%2C+A&rft.aulast=Raina&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%290972.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=753 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coptotermes formosanus; Rhinotermitidae; Cannibalism; Swarming behavior; Symbionts; Social organization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097<0753:DLTCIP>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of Clostridium perfringens in a model roast beef by salts of organic acids during chilling AN - 17740491; 6088802 AB - Control of Clostridium perfringens germination and outgrowth by the following salts of organic acids, sodium lactate [PurasalJ S/SP (Purasal); 1.50, 3.00 and 4.80%], sodium lactate supplemented with sodium diacetate [PurasalJ Opti.formJ (Optiform), 1.50, 3.00 and 4.80%], buffered sodium citrate [IonalJ (Ional), 0.75, 1.00 and 1.30]) and buffered sodium citrate supplemented with sodium diacetate [Ional PlusJ (Ional Plus), 0.75, 1.00 and 1.30%] was evaluated during continuous chilling of a model roast beef product. Beef rounds were ground through an c plate and NaCl, potato starch and potassium tetra pyrophosphate were added to final concentrations of 0.85, 0.25 and 0.20%, respectively, and mixed Portions (250 g) of the meat were mixed with either Purasal (1.5, 3.0 or 4.8%), Optiform (1.5, 3.0 or 4.8%), Ional (0.75, 1.0 or 1.3%) or Ional Plus (0.75, 1.0 or 1.3%) along with a control that did not have any added antimicrobials. Each product (10 g) inoculated with C. perfringens spores (ca. 2.2 log sub(10) spores/g) was packaged into vacuum bags (2 in. H 3 in.), vacuum sealed heated to 60C within 1 h, and subsequently chilled from 54.4C to 7.2C in 18 or 21 h following exponential chilling rates. Products were sampled immediately after cooking to enumerate the C. perfringens populations (spores surviving heat treatment) and subsequent to chilling (total C. perfringens populations, including spores and vegetative cells resulting from germination and outgrowth of the spores). Chilling of cooked, model ground roast beef resulted in germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores; the population densities increased by 4.13 and 4.40 log sub(10) CFU/g, following 18 and 21 h chill rates, respectively. Incorporation of Purasal (1.5-4.8%), Optiform (1.5B4.8%), Ional and Ional Plus (0.75-1.3%) substantially (P # 0.05) inhibited germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores. Incorporation of antimicrobial ingredients resulted in # 1.0 log sub(10) CFU/g increase of the pathogen, except for model roast beef with Ional Plus at 0.75% concentration, following 18 h chilling rate. Similar results were obtained when 21 h chilling rate was followed, with roast beef containing ingredients (at all the concentrations) resulting in either reductions or # 1.0 log sub(10) CFU/g growth in total C. perfringens populations, except for Purasal and Ional Plus at 1.5 and 0.75% concentrations, respectively. Use of sodium salts of organic acids in formulation of model roast beef can reduce the risk of C. perfringens spore germination and outgrowth during extended chilling rates. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Juneja, V K AU - Thippareddi, H AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 95 EP - 109 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - beef KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Decontamination KW - Risk reduction KW - Temperature effects KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Temperature KW - Pathogens KW - Food contamination KW - Salts KW - Beef KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17740491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Control+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+a+model+roast+beef+by+salts+of+organic+acids+during+chilling&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BThippareddi%2C+H&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; Salts; Food contamination; Decontamination; Pathogens; Risk reduction; Temperature; Beef; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by native microflora of whole cantaloupe AN - 17738232; 6088804 AB - Fresh-cut cantaloupe has been recalled due to the possible presence of Listeria monocytogenes. Several studies have reported that naturally occurring microflora of vegetable surfaces may be antagonistic to pathogen attachment, growth or survival. To test this possibility for L. monocytogenes and cantaloupes, whole melon were treated with water, ethanol (70%) or chlorine (200 ppm) to reduce the native microflora on the melon surfaces. Treated or untreated melons were immersed in a six strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (10 super(7) CFU/mL) for 10 min and then allowed to dry for 1 h inside a biosafety cabinet followed by storage at 5, 10 and 20C for 15 days. Fresh-cut pieces prepared from the treated or untreated melons and directly inoculated with L. monocytogenes (3.48 log CFU/g) were stored under the same conditions listed above. Populations of L. monocytogenes and five classes of native microflora were investigated. Growth of L. monocytogenes in sterile or nonsterile rind and fresh-cut homogenates was also studied. The population of L. monocytogenes recovered from inoculated (10 super(3) to 10 super(8) CFU/mL) whole melons given no disinfection treatment or washed with water was significantly less (P < 0.05) than that recovered from melons treated with chlorine or EtOH. In general, populations of L. monocytogenes declined on the surface of treated and untreated whole melons and on fresh-cut pieces over the 15 days storage period at the temperatures tested. However, the decline in pathogen populations was less rapid in the presence of reduced populations of native microflora. Higher populations of L. monocytogenes were attained in sterile tissue homogenates than in nonsterile homogenates. Addition of yeast and mold to sterile rind homogenates was highly inhibitory to growth and survival of the pathogen. The results of this study indicate that native microflora of whole cantaloupe inhibited attachment to rind surfaces as well as survival and growth of L. monocytogenes on cantaloupe surfaces and homogenized fresh-cut pieces. Thus, L. monocytogenes recontamination of melons having a reduced level of native microflora following application of a disinfection treatment may be a food safety concern. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Ukuku, DO AU - Fett, W F AU - Sapers, G M AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 129 EP - 147 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Disinfection KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Temperature KW - Chlorine KW - Pathogens KW - Food contamination KW - Storage KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17738232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+by+native+microflora+of+whole+cantaloupe&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+DO%3BFett%2C+W+F%3BSapers%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Food contamination; Pathogens; Disinfection; Chlorine; Storage; Temperature; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pectin/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) composite matrices for biomedical applications AN - 17713420; 5846883 AB - The aim of the research was to develop matrices for the delivery of biologically active substances for tissue regeneration. To this end, a new biodegradable matrix composed of a hydrophobic porous poly(lactide-co- glycolide), p(LGA), network entangled with another network of hydrophilic pectin was fabricated in the presence of calcium chloride. The calcium salts function as both a pore forming reagent and cross-linker for the formation of pectin networks; the method combines creating pores and cross-linking polymers in one step. Microscopic imaging and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a double- network structure of the composite matrices. The pectin enables the composite to carry signal molecules. This is accomplished by linking signal molecules to pectin by physical adsorption or by chemical reaction. The p(LGA) networks in the composite impart mechanical properties comparable to p(LGA) alone. The mechanical properties of the composite are far superior to matrices containing only pectin. Furthermore, the pectin-containing matrices improved cell adhesion and proliferation when compared to plain p(LGA) matrices, as determined in vitro by osteoblast culture. JF - Biomaterials AU - Liu, L AU - Won, Y J AU - Cooke, PH AU - Coffin AU - Fishman, M L AU - Hicks, K B AU - Ma, P X AD - ERRC, US Department of Agriculture, E 600 Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, lsliu@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 3201 EP - 3210 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 25 IS - 16 SN - 0142-9612, 0142-9612 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Osteoblasts KW - Salts KW - Pores KW - Adsorption KW - Biomaterials KW - Calcium chloride KW - Cell culture KW - Hydrophobicity KW - Pectin KW - Cell adhesion KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 110:Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17713420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Pectin%2Fpoly%28lactide-co-glycolide%29+composite+matrices+for+biomedical+applications&rft.au=Liu%2C+L%3BWon%2C+Y+J%3BCooke%2C+PH%3BCoffin%3BFishman%2C+M+L%3BHicks%2C+K+B%3BMa%2C+P+X&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=3201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomaterials&rft.issn=01429612&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biomaterials.2003.10.036 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pectin; Mechanical properties; Pores; Calcium chloride; Hydrophobicity; Cell adhesion; Biomaterials; Salts; Cell culture; Osteoblasts; Adsorption DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.036 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA microarrays and their potential applications for the detection of plant viruses, viroids, and phytoplasmas AN - 17705294; 6101072 AB - DNA microarrays were first described in 1995 for simultaneous analysis of a large-scale gene expression patterns. Since then, they have moved to center stage in many areas of biological research and now assuming an increasingly important role in diagnostics, genomics, pharmacology, cancer and other biomedical research, among others. In this article, we discuss the scientific background and principle of microarrays; describe their types, several technical steps needed for obtaining microarray data, and their current applications. The potential applications of DNA microarrays in detection and identification of plant pathogens, especially viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas are presented. JF - Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Hadidi, A AU - Czosnek, H AU - Barba, M AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ahadidi@yahoo.com Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 97 EP - 104 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 1125-4653, 1125-4653 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Gene expression KW - Phytoplasma KW - genomics KW - Pathogens KW - Viroids KW - Plant viruses KW - DNA microarrays KW - V 22181:Detection KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17705294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=DNA+microarrays+and+their+potential+applications+for+the+detection+of+plant+viruses%2C+viroids%2C+and+phytoplasmas&rft.au=Hadidi%2C+A%3BCzosnek%2C+H%3BBarba%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hadidi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=11254653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Phytoplasma; Pathogens; genomics; Plant viruses; Viroids; DNA microarrays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural occurrence of Phytophthora infestans on black nightshade (Solarium nigrum) in Wales AN - 17700907; 6080195 AB - There is only one published record of natural infection of black nightshade (Solarium nigrum L.) by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in England (3) and none from Wales. In August 2001, brown, necrotic leaf lesions with pale green margins were found on black nightshade weeds in a potato trial naturally infected with P. infestans at Henfaes Research Centre, University of Wales, Bangor. Although the plants were low growing with large, succulent leaves 4 to 5 cm long instead of having a more erect habit and smaller leaves, their identity was confirmed as S. nigrum; their atypical appearance may relate to the known phenotypic plasticity of this species (4). Infected leaflets incubated in moist chambers produced sporangia typical of P. infestans, and zoospores were released after chilling in water. Five isolates obtained from leaf fragments had growth on rye agar that was indistinguishable from that of P. infestans from potato. Detached leaflets of S. nigrum and S. tuberosum cv. Green Mountain inoculated with the S. nigrum isolates developed sporulating lesions under high humidity in 7 to 10 days; uninoculated controls remained symptomless. Inoculation of attached leaves of 10 potted S. nigrum plants resulted in seven plants developing necrotic lesions with a few sporangia 10 to 14 days later; sporulation developed mainly on lower leaves of plants that were older or had senesced. The remaining plants developed necrotic lesions with no sporulation, and P. infestans was reisolated from sporulating and nonsporulating lesions. All isolates were A1 mating type, metalaxyl-sensitive, and mitochondrial haplotype IIa, which are characteristics found commonly in isolates of P. infestans from potato in Wales (1). Single-sporangial isolates from each isolate were homozygous for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase (Gpi 100/100, Pep 100/100). RG57 fingerprint analysis further established that all five black nightshade isolates were identical to each other and to some local P. infestans isolates from potato. P. infestans in Wales belongs to the new population (1), which may infect a wider host-range than the old US-1 clonal lineage. However, infected black nightshade was only found after late blight was widespread in potato fields. In subsequent years at the same site, weeds of S. nigrum have remained noninfected despite high levels of late blight pressure on adjacent potato plots. There is no evidence to suggest that this species acts as an overwintering host in Wales since it is an annual and lacks frost resistance. Field infection of S. nigrum by P. infestans has recently been reported in the Netherlands (2). Our observations confirm the potential of P. infestans to infect another solanaceous plant species. Alternative hosts may interfere with current disease control strategies because infected weeds would escape fungicide application and could serve as reservoirs of inoculum throughout the growing season. JF - Plant Disease AU - Deahl, K L AU - Shaw, D S AU - Cooke, L R AD - Vegetable Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 771 VL - 88 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - metalaxyl KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Sporangia KW - Plant diseases KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - phenotypic plasticity KW - Disease control KW - Sporulation KW - Leaves KW - Humidity KW - Mitochondria KW - Mating types KW - peptidase KW - British Isles, Wales KW - Necrosis KW - Haplotypes KW - Late blight KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Fungicides KW - Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17700907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Natural+occurrence+of+Phytophthora+infestans+on+black+nightshade+%28Solarium+nigrum%29+in+Wales&rft.au=Deahl%2C+K+L%3BShaw%2C+D+S%3BCooke%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Deahl&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Phytophthora infestans; British Isles, Wales; Leaves; Necrosis; Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; Late blight; Sporangia; Sporulation; Mitochondria; Plant diseases; Fungicides; Mating types; Disease control; Humidity; peptidase; Haplotypes; phenotypic plasticity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbotryum scolymi, a rare smut fungus new for Greece AN - 17699155; 6101079 AB - The rare Microbotryum scolymi, a micromycete recently discovered in Greece, damages heavily the heads of Scolymus hispanicus, thus is regarded as a potential biological control agent for Scolymus thistles. Description, illustrations, synonyms, host plant range and geographical distribution of M. scolymi are given, together with a key to the Microbotryum species on Compositae. JF - Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Kashefi, J AU - Vanky, K AD - USDA ARS, European Biological Control Laboratory, Tsimiski 43, 54623 Thessaloniki, Greece, javidk@afs.edu.gr Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 157 EP - 159 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 1125-4653, 1125-4653 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Plant diseases KW - Smut KW - Geographical distribution KW - Greece KW - Asteraceae KW - Microbotryum scolymi KW - Scolymus hispanicus KW - Host plants KW - K 03010:Fungi KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17699155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Microbotryum+scolymi%2C+a+rare+smut+fungus+new+for+Greece&rft.au=Kashefi%2C+J%3BVanky%2C+K&rft.aulast=Kashefi&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=11254653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Geographical distribution; Smut; Plant diseases; Host plants; Asteraceae; Microbotryum scolymi; Scolymus hispanicus; Greece ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of brown root rot of alfalfa caused by Phoma sclerotioides in Wisconsin AN - 17697330; 6080202 AB - Brown root rot (BRR) has been associated with winterkill of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the temperate regions of North America where winters are severe (1). Although suspected, BRR has not been associated with winterkill of alfalfa in the upper Midwestern United States. Alfalfa plants exhibiting symptoms resembling those induced by the causal agent Phoma sclerotioides G. Preuss ex Sacc. were collected from fields in Marinette, Pierce, and Marathon counties in Wisconsin during the spring and early summer of 2003. Symptoms included stunting- and decline in 1-to 3-year-old plants that were slow to break dormancy in the early spring. Roots frequently exhibited dark brown lesions or were entirely decayed. Advanced lesions often formed dark bands around the circumference of tap and secondary roots. Beaked pycnidial structures typical of P. sclerotioides were also observed on many samples with advanced lesions. Plants with symptoms of BRR were also observed in Clark, Langlade, Lincoln, Oconto, Shawno, Taylor, and Wood counties. Several lesion areas of tissue on the tap and lateral roots of each sample were excised with a sterile scalpel. Total DNA was extracted using the Fast DNA kit (Bio 101, Carlsbad, CA). In addition, soil samples were collected in the root rhizosphere of symptomatic plants from four fields in two counties. Soil DNA was extracted with the Ultra-Clean DNA soil extraction kit (Mo Bio. Solana Beach, CA). DNA extractions were diluted 1:10 or 1:50, and samples were evaluated for the presence of P. sclerotioides using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers according to the method described previously (4). Amplicons of the expected size (499 bp) were detected from alfalfa roots sampled from Marathon (4 of 4), Marinette (4 of 5), and Pierce (4 of 4) counties but not in roots from healthy controls produced in the greenhouse at Prosser, WA. PCR amplicons were also produced from all field soil samples in Marathon and Marinette counties. Proof of pathogenicity via Koch's postulates for this host-pathogen system was not attempted because ot the extensive time period required (1). However, characteristic beaked pycnidia were present, and the pathogen was identified using PCR on DNA from roots symptomatic of BRR. Detection of BRR has been limited in the United States to Wyoming (2), but has been thought to occur in other states with severe winters (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. sclerotioides in Wisconsin. JF - Plant Disease AU - Larsen, R C AU - Grau, C R AU - Vandemark, G J AU - Hughes, T J AU - Hudelson, B D AD - USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 769 VL - 88 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Rhizosphere KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Soil KW - Phoma sclerotioides KW - Pathogenicity KW - Detection KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Dormancy KW - Plant diseases KW - Root rot KW - Greenhouses KW - Pycnidia KW - Medicago sativa KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17697330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+brown+root+rot+of+alfalfa+caused+by+Phoma+sclerotioides+in+Wisconsin&rft.au=Larsen%2C+R+C%3BGrau%2C+C+R%3BVandemark%2C+G+J%3BHughes%2C+T+J%3BHudelson%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phoma sclerotioides; Medicago sativa; USA, Wisconsin; Soil; Polymerase chain reaction; Root rot; Plant diseases; Detection; Pycnidia; Greenhouses; Rhizosphere; Dormancy; Pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Possible cause of European blueberry disease is related to North American milkweed yellows phytoplasma AN - 17695285; 6101076 AB - A phytoplasma lineage previously found in Germany and North America was identified in diseased plants of wild European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) exhibiting symptoms of shoot proliferation in Lithuania. On the basis of RFLP and nucleotide sequence analyses of 16S rDNA, the phytoplasma (strain VAC-L) was classified in the group 16SrIII (X-disease phytoplasma group), subgroup F. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16SrRNA gene sequences confirmed that the VAC-L phytoplasma is closely related to phytoplasma strain VAC from diseased, cultivated blueberry in Germany and to North American milkweed yellows phytoplasma strain MW1, both of which are classified in subgroup III-F. The results extend the known geographic range of phytoplasmal diseases in blueberry, and raise questions concerning intercontinental movement of subgroup III-F strains and their potential to infect cultivated Vaccinium spp. in North America. JF - Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Valiunas, D AU - Alminaite, A AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Davis, R E AU - Maas, J L AD - Microbial Molecular Biology Unit, Laboratory of Plant Viruses, Institute of Botany, Vilnius LT-2021, Lithuania, jomantir@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 135 EP - 140 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 1125-4653, 1125-4653 KW - Bilberry KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Phylogeny KW - Shoots KW - North America KW - Plant diseases KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Yellows KW - Lithuania KW - Phytoplasma KW - Germany KW - Vaccinium myrtillus KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17695285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Possible+cause+of+European+blueberry+disease+is+related+to+North+American+milkweed+yellows+phytoplasma&rft.au=Valiunas%2C+D%3BAlminaite%2C+A%3BJomantiene%2C+R%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BMaas%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Valiunas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=11254653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shoots; Phylogeny; Plant diseases; Nucleotide sequence; Yellows; Phytoplasma; rRNA 16S; Vaccinium myrtillus; North America; Lithuania; Germany ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of the pitch canker fungus (Fusarium circinatum) in the Sierra Nevada of California AN - 17692444; 6080196 AB - The pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum (teleomorph Gibberella circinata), was isolated from a branch originating from rootstock of a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) graft in a breeding orchard at 1,000-m elevation in El Dorado County, California. We visited the orchard after the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry reported in November 2003 that a Douglas-fir scion (branch cutting) shipped from there in January - and subsequently grafted and held in a quarantine facility near Christchurch - was infected with the pitch canker fungus. We took samples throughout the orchard of any branches that appeared unhealthy. In addition, asymptomatic branches from the tree alleged to be the source of the New Zealand infestation were collected to assay for propagules of F. circinatum. Wash water from these branches was negative for the pathogen. Likewise, F. circinatum was not recovered from water washings of 20 branches collected randomly throughout the orchard. Fifteen branch samples collected from symptomatic Douglas-fir grafts were cultured on water agar and only one yielded a colony with an appearance consistent with F. circinatum. A single spore subculture of this isolate was confirmed as F. circinatum on the basis of colony morphology and the structure of the microconidiophores (1). The virulence of this isolate was evaluated by inoculating susceptible 2-year-old Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) seedlings with a toothpick to wound the main stem and insert potato dextrose agar colonized by the fungus. Twenty-four days later, pitching and yellow needles were evident at the site of inoculation, and removal of the bark revealed resin-soaked and discolored tissue. Concurrent with the pathogenicity test described above, a culture of the putative F. circinatum isolated in New Zealand was inoculated into Monterey pines with an identical outcome. The fungus was reisolated from lesions from both sets of inoculations and confirmed as F. circinatum based on morphological criteria. Isolates GL285 and GL286 are available from T. R. Gordon upon request. Prior to its discovery in the Sierra Nevada, pitch canker in California was known only from counties on or near the coast. Our report indicates the pathogen can survive and infect trees 110 km east of the previous most-inland site of infestation. It remains to be seen how extensively pitch canker will develop in the Sierra Nevada. Douglas-fir is only moderately susceptible to F. circinatum, which has not been observed to cause significant damage to this species. On the other hand, low-elevation Sierra Nevada pines including P. sabiniana, P. coulteri, and P. ponderosa are substantially more susceptible than are Douglas-fir in greenhouse tests (2). JF - Plant Disease AU - Vogler AU - Gordon, T R AU - Aegerter, B J AU - Kirkpatrick, S C AU - Lunak, G A AU - Stover, P AU - Violett, P AD - Institute of Forest Genetics, USDA, Forest Service, PSW Research Station, Davis, CA 95616 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 772 VL - 88 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microconidiophores KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Propagules KW - Bark KW - Orchards KW - Greenhouses KW - Virulence KW - dextrose KW - Pinus radiata KW - Infestation KW - Pitch canker KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Inoculation KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Seedlings KW - USA, California KW - Spores KW - Fusarium circinatum KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17692444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+the+pitch+canker+fungus+%28Fusarium+circinatum%29+in+the+Sierra+Nevada+of+California&rft.au=Vogler%3BGordon%2C+T+R%3BAegerter%2C+B+J%3BKirkpatrick%2C+S+C%3BLunak%2C+G+A%3BStover%2C+P%3BViolett%2C+P&rft.aulast=Vogler&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=772&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium circinatum; Pinus radiata; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Solanum tuberosum; USA, California; Pitch canker; Orchards; Infestation; Inoculation; Plant diseases; Propagules; dextrose; Spores; Virulence; Seedlings; Greenhouses; Bark ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resting Habitat Selection By Fishers In California AN - 17666310; 6485718 AB - We studied the resting habitat ecology of fishers (Martes pennanti) in 2 disjunct populations in California, USA: the northwestern coastal mountains (hereafter, Coastal) and the southern Sierra Nevada (hereafter, Sierra). We described resting structures and compared features surrounding resting structures (the resting site) with those at randomly selected sites that also were centered on a large structure. We developed Resource Selection Functions (RSFs) using logistic regression to model selection of resting sites within home ranges, and we evaluated alternative models using an information-theoretic approach. Forty-five fishers were radiomarked, resulting in 599 resting locations. Standing trees (live and dead) were the most common resting structures, with California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) and Douglas-fir (Psuedotsuga menziesii) the most frequent species in the Sierra and Coastal study areas, respectively. Resting structures were among the largest diameter trees available, averaging 117.3 plus or minus 45.2 (mean plus or minus SE) cm for live conifers, 119.8 plus or minus 45.3 for conifer snags, and 69.0 plus or minus 24.7 for hardwoods. Females used cavity structures more often than males, while males used platform structures significantly more than females. The diversity of types and sizes of rest structures used by males suggested that males were less selective than females. In the Sierra study area, where surface water was less common, we found almost twice as many resting sites as random points within 100 m of water. Multivariate regression analysis resulted in the selection of RSFs for 4 subsets of the data: all individuals, Sierra only, Coastal only, and females only. The top model for the combined analysis indicated that fishers in California select sites for resting with a combination of dense canopies, large maximum tree sizes, and steep slopes. In the Sierra study area, the presence of nearby water and the contribution of hardwoods were more important model parameters than in the Coastal area, where the presence of large conifer snags was an important predictor. Based on our results, managers can maintain resting habitat for fishers by favoring the retention of large trees and the recruitment of trees that achieve the largest sizes. Maintaining dense canopy in the vicinity of large trees, especially if structural diversity is increased, will improve the attractiveness of these large trees to fishers. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Zielinski, W J AU - Truex, R L AU - Schmidt, G A AU - Schlexer, F V AU - Schmidt, K N AU - Barrett, R H AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95521, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 475 EP - 492 PB - The Wildlife Society VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - California black oak KW - Fisher KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Freshwater KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 01341:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17666310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Resting+Habitat+Selection+By+Fishers+In+California&rft.au=Zielinski%2C+W+J%3BTruex%2C+R+L%3BSchmidt%2C+G+A%3BSchlexer%2C+F+V%3BSchmidt%2C+K+N%3BBarrett%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Zielinski&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2193%2F0022-541X%282004%290682.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-541X&volume=68&issue=3&page=475 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0475:RHSBFI]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy Of Aircraft Landing Lights In Stimulating Avoidance Behavior In Birds AN - 17664763; 6485744 AB - Aircraft collisions with wildlife (primarily birds) are costly in terms of injury or loss of human life, loss of the animals involved, damage to property and business, and the use of lethal control of wildlife at airports worldwide. One potential nonlethal technique to reduce bird-aircraft collisions-pulsed white and wavelength-specific aircraft-mounted light-has been considered for nearly 3 decades, but the efficacy of the technique has not been evaluated quantitatively. We tested the hypothesis that during daylight, captive birds exposed to an approaching ground-based vehicle exhibiting pulsing 250-W white aircraft landing lights would initiate avoidance behavior more quickly than birds experiencing an oncoming vehicle with nonpulsing (steady) or no lights (control). In experiments involving captive brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), Canada geese (Branta canadensis), European starlings (Sturnis vulgaris), herring gulls (Larus argentatus), and mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), only cow-birds exhibited a response to the landing lights, but not consistently. Specifically, cowbird groups (9 groups/treatment, 6 birds/group) responded more quickly to pulse versus control treatments, equating to a greater distance (x plus or minus SE) of the approaching vehicle from mid-cage per reacting bird (control: 35.8 plus or minus 9.7 m, pulse: 50.5 plus or minus 10.9 m; P = 0.015). However, in a subsequent experiment involving the exposure of cowbirds to control, pulse, and steady-light treatments, we observed no difference in response among treatment groups. Although 250-W white landing lights pulsed at 45 cycles/min influenced behavior of captive birds in response to an oncoming ground-based vehicle, the avoidance response was inconsistent across experiments with cowbirds, and we observed little or no avoidance behavior in experiments with other species. We suggest that further research is needed to investigate avian response to specific light wavelengths and pulse frequencies. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Blackwell, B F AU - Bernhardt, GE AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 725 EP - 732 PB - The Wildlife Society VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Brown-headed cowbird KW - Canada goose KW - Herring gull KW - Mourning dove KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 01423:Behaviour KW - Y 25886:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17664763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Efficacy+Of+Aircraft+Landing+Lights+In+Stimulating+Avoidance+Behavior+In+Birds&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+B+F%3BBernhardt%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=725&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2193%2F0022-541X%282004%290682.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-541X&volume=68&issue=3&page=725 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0725:EOALLI]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Neurotoxic Clostridium botulinum Type C in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in the Salton Sea AN - 17620131; 6119796 AB - Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) have been implicated as the source of type C toxin in avian botulism outbreaks in pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) at the Salton Sea in southern California (USA). We collected sick, dead, and healthy fish from various sites throughout the Sea during the summers of 1999 through 2001 and tested them for the presence of Clostridium botulinum type C cells by polymerase chain reaction targeting the C sub(1) neurotoxin gene. Four of 96 (4%), 57 of 664 (9%), and five of 355 (1%) tilapia tested were positive for C. botulinum type C toxin gene in 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. The total number of positive fish was significantly greater in 2000 than in 2001 (P<0.0001). No difference in numbers of positives was detected between sick and dead fish compared with live fish. In 2000, no significant relationships were revealed among the variables studied, such as location and date of collection. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Nol, P AU - Rocke, TE AU - Gross, K AU - Yuill, T M AD - USGS National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA, pauline.nol@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 414 EP - 419 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - American white pelican KW - Brown Pelican KW - Mozambique mouth-breeder KW - Mozambique mouthbrooder KW - Mozambique tilapia KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Freshwater KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 01484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17620131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Neurotoxic+Clostridium+botulinum+Type+C+in+the+Gastrointestinal+Tracts+of+Tilapia+%28Oreochromis+mossambicus%29+in+the+Salton+Sea&rft.au=Nol%2C+P%3BRocke%2C+TE%3BGross%2C+K%3BYuill%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Nol&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Avian Use of Successional Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Woodlands Along the Middle Missouri River AN - 17614817; 6051240 AB - Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) woodlands are important habitats for birds. Yet, little is known of the relations between bird habitat and succession in these woodlands. We studied the bird community in cottonwood woodlands from early to late seral stages along the Missouri River in central South Dakota from 1990 to 1992 to describe quantitative relations between avifauna and ecological patterns of succession in cottonwood woodlands along the Missouri River. The vegetation in the early seral cottonwood was characterized by a high density of seedlings and saplings that were restricted to narrow bands along the rivers. Late seral cottonwoods were characterized by a few large old trees that extended across the flood plain. Seventy-nine percent of the bird species were woodland obligates. Birds that nest in trees or cavities were the most common, while shrub and ground nesting birds were relatively uncommon. Total bird abundance, species diversity, species richness, richness of woodland obligates, abundance in the tree-nesting guild, abundance in the cavity-nesting guild and abundance in the shrub-nesting guild were greater (P 0.10) in early or early intermediate seral cottonwood. Bell's vireos (Vireo belli), indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea) and brown thrashers (Toxostoma rufum) occurred predominantly in early or early intermediate seral stages, but no significant differences among seral stages were noted. Expanses of late seral cottonwood on flood plains will likely decline because controlled river flows reduce flooding that is necessary for cottonwood regeneration. Cottonwood regeneration was evident only in narrow bands along the river channels. Cavity nesting species will be the most negatively affected by loss of late seral cottonwood. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Rumble, MA AU - Gobeille, JE AD - USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Center for Great Plains Ecosystem Research, 1730 Samco Road, Rapid City, South Dakota 57702 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 165 EP - 177 PB - University of Notre Dame VL - 152 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Bell's vireo KW - Brown thrasher KW - Eastern cottonwood KW - Indigo bunting KW - Plains cottonwood KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Q5 01523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 01463:Habitat community studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17614817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Avian+Use+of+Successional+Cottonwood+%28Populus+deltoides%29+Woodlands+Along+the+Middle+Missouri+River&rft.au=Rumble%2C+MA%3BGobeille%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Rumble&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%282004%291522.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-0031&volume=152&page=165 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2004)152<0165:AUOSCP>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris', a novel phytoplasma taxon associated with aster yellows and related diseases AN - 17456656; 6652750 AB - Aster yellows (AY) group (16SrI) phytoplasmas are associated with over 100 economically important diseasesworldwide and represent the most diverse and widespread phytoplasma group. Strains that belong to the AY group form a phylogenetically discrete subclade within the phytoplasma clade and are related most closely to the stolbur phytoplasma subclade, based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. AY subclade strains are related more closely to their culturable relatives, Acholeplasma spp., than any other phytoplasmas known. Within the AY subclade, six distinct phylogenetic lineages were revealed. Congruent phytogenies obtained by analyses of tuf gene and ribosomal protein (rp) operon gene sequences further resolved the diversity among AY group phytoplasmas. Distinct phylogenetic lineages were identified by RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA, tuf or rp gene sequences. Ten subgroups were differentiated, based on analysis of rp gene sequences. It is proposed that AY group phytoplasmas represent at least one novel taxon. Strain OAY, which is a member of subgroups 16SrI-B, rpI-E and tufI-B and is associated with evening primrose (Oenothera hookeri) virescence in Michigan, USA, was selected as the reference strain for the novel taxon 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris'. A comprehensive database of diverse AY phytoplasma strains and their geographical distribution is presented. JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Gundersen-Rindal, DE AU - Davis, R E AU - Bottner, K D AU - Marcone, C AU - Seemueller, E AD - USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 1037 EP - 1048 VL - 54 IS - 4 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - tuf gene KW - Geographical distribution KW - Acholeplasma KW - Phytoplasma KW - Stolbur KW - Candidatus phytoplasma asteris KW - Oenothera hookeri KW - Ribosomal proteins KW - Yellows KW - Operons KW - rRNA 16S KW - Evolution KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17456656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=%27Candidatus+Phytoplasma+asteris%27%2C+a+novel+phytoplasma+taxon+associated+with+aster+yellows+and+related+diseases&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BGundersen-Rindal%2C+DE%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BBottner%2C+K+D%3BMarcone%2C+C%3BSeemueller%2C+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fijs.0.02843-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tuf gene; Phylogeny; Geographical distribution; Ribosomal proteins; Yellows; Phytoplasma; Stolbur; Operons; rRNA 16S; Evolution; Oenothera hookeri; Acholeplasma; Candidatus phytoplasma asteris DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02843-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial patterns of light gaps in mesic grasslands AN - 17427254; 6212086 AB - The spatial pattern of light gaps in mesic grasslands in central Texas with contrasting disturbance histories was assessed using patch-based landscape metrics determined from a threshold level (25% of full sunlight), as light intensities below this threshold substantially decrease survival of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa Torr.) seedlings. The spatial pattern of light gaps, with the exception of edge density, were significantly different between annually-disturbed and non-disturbed grasslands on all sample dates (2 April, 30 April, 29 May, and 26 June 1998). Differences in patch metrics did not occur between non-disturbed grasslands despite contrasting vegetation composition [perennial forbs and perennial bunch (tussock) grasses]. Patch-based landscape metrics of light gaps did vary temporally in both annually-disturbed and non-disturbed grasslands. The structure and spatial configuration of light gaps were distinctly different between annually-disturbed and non-disturbed grasslands: a low density of large patches characterized light gaps in annually-disturbed grassland, whereas non-disturbed grasslands had a high density of small patches. Our findings demonstrate that the current disturbance regime is the principal environmental driver influencing species dominance and composition, and indirectly vegetation structure, which collectively contribute to the observed dynamics of light gap patches in these mesic grasslands. Incorporating spatially explicit consideration of light gap structure and dynamics into experimental studies addressing invasion of weedy plant species such as honey mesquite may be an effective approach to address mechanisms and the ecological significance of disturbance operating as a driver facilitating woody plant invasions in mesic grasslands.Original Abstract: El patron espacial de los huecos de luz en los pastizales mesicos de la region central de Texas con historias de disturbio contrastantes fueron evaluadas usando metricas de paisaje basadas en parches determinadas de un nivel de umbral (25% de luz solar total), las intensidades de luz abajo de este nivel decrecen substancialmente la supervivencia de las plantulas de 'Mesquite' (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa Torr.). El patron espacial de los huecos de luz, con excepcion de la densidad en la orilla, fueron significativamente diferentes entre pastizales disturbados anualmente y pastizales sin disturbio, esto fue para todas las fechas de muestreo (2 de Abril, 30 de Abril, 29 de Mayo y 26, de June de1998). No ocurrieron diferencias en las metricas del parche entre pastizales sin disturbio, a pesar de la composicion contrastante de la vegetacion [hierbas perennes y zacates perennes amacollados]. Las mediciones de los huecos de luz del paisaje basadas en parches varian temporalmente tanto en pastizales con disturbio anual como en pastizales sin disturbio. La estructura y configuracion espacial de los huecos de luz fueron distintivamente diferentes entre los pastizales con disturbio anual y los pastizales sin disturbio: una baja densidad de grandes parches caracterizo los huecos de luz en los pastizales disturbados anualmente, mientras que los pastizales sin disturbio tenian una alta densidad de parches pequenos. Nuestros hallazgos demuestran que el regimen actual de disturbio es la principal fuerza ambiental que influye en la dominancia de especies y la composicion e indirectamente en la estructura de la vegetacion, lo cual contribuye colectivamente a las dinamicas observadas de los parches de huecos de luz de estos pastizales mesicos, incorporando la consideracion espacial explicita de la estructura de los huecos de luz y sus dinamicas dentro estudios experimentales que aborden la invasion de especies de maleza tales como el 'Mesquite' puede ser un enfoque efectivo para estudiar los mecanismos y la significancia ecologica del disturbio operando como un factor que facilita la invasion de plantas lenosas en los pastizales mesicos. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Derner, J D AU - Wu, X B AD - Rangeland Scientist, USDA-ARS, High Plains Grasslands Research Station, Cheyenne, Wyo., 82009 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 393 EP - 398 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Grasslands KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Landscape KW - Survival KW - Prosopis glandulosa glandulosa KW - Disturbance KW - Range management KW - Light effects KW - Dominance KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17427254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Spatial+patterns+of+light+gaps+in+mesic+grasslands&rft.au=Derner%2C+J+D%3BWu%2C+X+B&rft.aulast=Derner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=393 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grasslands; Vegetation patterns; Landscape; Survival; Disturbance; Range management; Dominance; Light effects; Prosopis glandulosa glandulosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0393:SPOLGI]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Livestock forage conditioning: Bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, and bottlebrush squirreltail AN - 17427197; 6212085 AB - Research on Anderson and Scherzinger's hypothesis that spring cattle grazing can positively affect subsequent nutritional characteristics of grasses have generated mixed results. Our objectives were: 1) to evaluate fall/winter nutritional indices of bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum [Pursh] Scribn. & Smith), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer), and bottlebrush squirreltail (Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) Smith) in ungrazed, lightly grazed (33% utilization), or heavily grazed (69% utilization) pastures stocked with cattle at the boot stage of growth; and 2) to quantify opportunity costs of applying those treatments on fall standing crop. Compared with ungrazed stands, light and heavy spring grazing decreased September standing crop by 32 and 67%, respectively. September/December crude protein (CP) among heavily grazed grasses (x = 6.9%) exceeded ungrazed controls (x = 3.9%) for 11 of 12 comparisons. Crude protein of lightly grazed grasses (x = 5.2%) was higher than ungrazed controls for 6 of 12 comparisons. Herbage was more nutritious during the drier of the 2 years sampled. Among grazed treatments, fall/winter CP measures were highest for bottlebrush squirreltail (x = 7.4%), intermediate for Idaho fescue (5.9%), and lowest for bluebunch wheatgrass (0=4.9%). In fall/winter, herbage was most digestible in heavily grazed paddocks (x = 59%), intermediate in lightly grazed paddocks (x = 53%), and least digestible in ungrazed areas (x = 49%). Light and heavy spring cattle grazing can augment fall/winter forage quality of bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, and bottlebrush squirreltail. Spring grazing reduces subsequent standing crop, but remaining forage will be nutritionally superior to herbage in ungrazed stands.Original Abstract: La investigacion sobre la hipotesis de Anderson y Scherzinger de que el apacentamiento del ganado en primavera puede afectar positivamente las caracteristicas nutricionales subsecuentes de los zacates ha producido resultados mixtos. Nuestros objetivos fueron: 1) evaluar indices nutricionales de otono/invierno de 'Bluebunch wheatgrass' (Agropyron spicatum [Pursh] Scribn. & Smith), 'Idaho fescue' (Festuca idahoensis Elmer) y 'Bottlebrush squirreltail' (Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) Smith) en potreros sin apacentar, ligeramente apacentados (33% de utilizacion) y fuertemente apacentados (69% de utilizacion) cargados con ganado en la epoca de embuche (antes de la floracion) y 2) cuantificar los costos de oportunidad de aplicar esos tratamientos en la biomasa en pie de otono. Comparado con las poblaciones sin apacentar, el apacentamiento ligero y fuerte en Septiembre reducen la biomasa en pie en 32 y 67% respectivamente. En 11 de 12 comparaciones, el contenido de proteina cruda en Septiembre/Diciembre (CP) entre los zacates fuertemente apacentados (x = 6.9%) excedio el control sin apacentamiento (x = 3.9 percent). La proteina cruda de los zacates ligeramente apacentados (x = 5.2%) fue mayor que la de los zacates control sin apacentar, esto en 6 de 12 comparaciones. El forraje fue mas nutritivo en el ano mas seco de los 2 anos muestreados. Entre los tratamientos de apacentamiento, las mediciones de proteina cruda de otono/invierno mas altas fueron para 'Bottlebrush squirreltail' (x = 7.4%), intermedias para Idaho fescue' (5.9%) y el mas bajo para 'Bluebunch wheatgrass' (x = 4.9%). En Otono /invierno el forraje fue mas digestible en los potreros apacentados fuertemente (x = 59%), intermedio en los apacentados ligeramente (x = 53%) y la menor digestibilidad se detecto en las areas control sin apacentar (x = 49 %). El apacentamiento ligero y fuerte del ganado puede aumentar la calidad del forraje en otono/invierno del 'Bluebunch wheatgrass', 'Idaho fescue' y 'Bottlebrush squirreltail'. El apacentamiento en primavera reduce la biomasa en pie subsecuente, pero el forraje remanente sera nutritivamente superior al forraje de las areas sin apacentar. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Ganskopp, D AU - Svejcar, T AU - Vavra, M AD - Range Scientists, USDA-ARS, Eastern Ore. Agr. Res. Ctr., 67826-A Hwy. 205, Burns, Ore. 97720 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 384 EP - 392 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Grazing KW - Grasses KW - Festuca idahoensis KW - Sitanion hystrix KW - Range management KW - Pasture KW - Light effects KW - Livestock KW - Agropyron spicatum KW - Rangelands KW - USA, Idaho KW - Standing crop KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17427197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Livestock+forage+conditioning%3A+Bluebunch+wheatgrass%2C+Idaho+fescue%2C+and+bottlebrush+squirreltail&rft.au=Ganskopp%2C+D%3BSvejcar%2C+T%3BVavra%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ganskopp&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=384 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rangelands; Grasses; Grazing; Pasture; Range management; Standing crop; Livestock; Light effects; Agropyron spicatum; Sitanion hystrix; Festuca idahoensis; USA, Idaho DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0384:LFCBWI]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing Soil Carbon of Short Rotation Poplar Plantations with Agricultural Crops and Woodlots in North Central United States AN - 16184038; 6018759 AB - We collected soil samples from 27 study sites across North Central United States to compare the soil carbon of short rotation poplar plantations to adjacent agricultural crops and woodlots. Soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged from 20 to more than 160 Mg/ha across the sampled sites. Lowest SOC levels were found in uplands and highest levels in riparian soils. We attributed differences in bulk density and SOC among cover types to the inclusion of woodlot soils in the analysis. Paired comparison found few differences between poplar and agricultural crops. Sites with significant comparisons varied in magnitude and direction. Relatively greater SOC was often observed in poplar when native soil carbon was low, but there were important exceptions. Woodlots consistently contained greater SOC than the other crops, especially at depth. We observed little difference between paired poplar and switchgrass, both promising bioenergy crops. There was no evidence of changes in poplar SOC relative to adjacent agricultural soils when considered for stand ages up to 12 years. Highly variable native SOC levels and subtle changes over time make verification of soil carbon sequestration among land cover types difficult. In addition to soil carbon storage potential, it is therefore important to consider opportunities offered by long-term sequestration of carbon in solid wood products and carbon-offset through production of bioenergy crops. Furthermore, short rotation poplars and switchgrass offer additional carbon sequestration and other environmental benefits such as soil erosion control, runoff abatement, and wildlife habitat improvement. JF - Environmental Management AU - Coleman, MD AU - Isebrands, J AU - Tolsted, D N AU - Tolbert, V R AD - USDA Forest Service, Savannah River, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 700 New Ellenton, South Carolina, 29809, USA, mcoleman01@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S299 EP - S308 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - USA, North Central KW - Soil KW - Agriculture KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Carbon KW - Populus KW - Forests KW - Land use KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16184038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Comparing+Soil+Carbon+of+Short+Rotation+Poplar+Plantations+with+Agricultural+Crops+and+Woodlots+in+North+Central+United+States&rft.au=Coleman%2C+MD%3BIsebrands%2C+J%3BTolsted%2C+D+N%3BTolbert%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9139-9 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S299.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Soil; Carbon sequestration; Carbon; Forests; Land use; Populus; USA, North Central DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land Management in the American Southwest: A State-and-Transition Approach to Ecosystem Complexity AN - 16183433; 6018794 AB - State-and-transition models are increasingly being used to guide rangeland management. These models provide a relatively simple, management-oriented way to classify land condition (state) and to describe the factors that might cause a shift to another state (a transition). There are many formulations of state-and-transition models in the literature. The version we endorse does not adhere to any particular generalities about ecosystem dynamics, but it includes consideration of several kinds of dynamics and management response to them. In contrast to previous uses of state-and-transition models, we propose that models can, at present, be most effectively used to specify and qualitatively compare the relative benefits and potential risks of different management actions (e.g., fire and grazing) and other factors (e.g., invasive species and climate change) on specified areas of land. High spatial and temporal variability and complex interactions preclude the meaningful use of general quantitative models. Forecasts can be made on a case-by-case basis by interpreting qualitative and quantitative indicators, historical data, and spatially structured monitoring data based on conceptual models. We illustrate how science- based conceptual models are created using several rangeland examples that vary in complexity. In doing so, we illustrate the implications of designating plant communities and states in models, accounting for varying scales of pattern in vegetation and soils, interpreting the presence of plant communities on different soils and dealing with our uncertainty about how those communities were assembled and how they will change in the future. We conclude with observations about how models have helped to improve management decision-making. JF - Environmental Management AU - Bestelmeyer, B T AU - Herrick, JE AU - Brown, J R AU - Trujillo, DA AU - Havstad, K M AD - USDA-ARS, Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 88003, New Mexico, USA, bbestelm@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 38 EP - 51 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - USA, Southwest KW - Climatic changes KW - Soil KW - Vegetation cover KW - Regional planning KW - Fires KW - Grazing KW - Climate KW - Vegetation KW - decision making KW - Accounting KW - Decision making KW - Rangelands KW - Community composition KW - Ecosystem dynamics KW - Plant communities KW - Plants KW - Invasive species KW - Environment management KW - M3 1120:Land KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16183433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Land+Management+in+the+American+Southwest%3A+A+State-and-Transition+Approach+to+Ecosystem+Complexity&rft.au=Bestelmeyer%2C+B+T%3BHerrick%2C+JE%3BBrown%2C+J+R%3BTrujillo%2C+DA%3BHavstad%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Bestelmeyer&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-004-0047-4 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/4034001/40340038.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Grazing; Climatic changes; Climate; Vegetation; Accounting; Soil; Vegetation cover; Rangelands; Decision making; Community composition; Ecosystem dynamics; Plants; Plant communities; Invasive species; Regional planning; Environment management; decision making; USA, Southwest DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0047-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of Carbon Sequestration by Combining Remote Sensing and Net Ecosystem Exchange Data for Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie and Sagebrush-Steppe Ecosystems AN - 16183408; 6018771 AB - Carbon sequestration was estimated a northern mixed-grass prairie site and a sagebrush-steppe site in southeastern Wyoming using an approach that integrates remote sensing, CO sub(2) flux measurements, and meteorological data. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO sub(2) was measured using aircraft and ground flux techniques and was linearly related to absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR). The slope of this relationship is the radiation use efficiency ( epsilon = 0.51 g C/MJ APAR); there were no significant differences in the regression coefficients between the two sites. Furthermore, ecosystem chamber measurements of total respiration in 1998 and 1999 were used to develop a functional relationship with daily average temperature; the Q sub(10) of the relationship was 2.2. Using the Advanced Very High Resolution radiometer. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and meteorological data, annual gross primary production and respiration were calculated from 1995 to 1999 for the two sites. Overall, the sagebrush-steppe site was a net carbon sink, whereas the northern mixed-grass prairie site was in carbon balance. There was no significant relationship between NEE and APAR for a coniferous forest site, indicating this method for scaling up CO sub(2) flux data may be only applicable to rangeland ecosystems. The combination of remote sensing with data from CO sub(2) flux networks can be used to estimate carbon sequestration regionally in rangeland ecosystems. JF - Environmental Management AU - Hunt, E R AU - Kelly, R D AU - Smith, W K AU - Fahnestock, J T AU - Welker, J M AU - Reiners, WA AD - Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Building 007 Room 104 10300 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA, erhunt@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S432 EP - S441 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Respiration KW - Remote sensing KW - Carbon dioxide flux KW - Forests KW - Primary production KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Prairies KW - Carbon KW - Measuring methods KW - carbon sinks KW - Regression analysis KW - Meteorology KW - Carbon dioxide measurements KW - Photosynthetically active radiation KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Carbon cycle KW - Rangelands KW - Carbon sinks KW - Sampling methods KW - Biosphere-atmosphere interaction KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16183408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+Carbon+Sequestration+by+Combining+Remote+Sensing+and+Net+Ecosystem+Exchange+Data+for+Northern+Mixed-Grass+Prairie+and+Sagebrush-Steppe+Ecosystems&rft.au=Hunt%2C+E+R%3BKelly%2C+R+D%3BSmith%2C+W+K%3BFahnestock%2C+J+T%3BWelker%2C+J+M%3BReiners%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9151-0 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S432.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rangelands; Prairies; Carbon; carbon sinks; Respiration; Remote sensing; Forests; Primary production; Regression analysis; Carbon cycle; Carbon dioxide flux; Carbon dioxide measurements; Photosynthetically active radiation; Carbon sinks; Biosphere-atmosphere interaction; Carbon sequestration; Measuring methods; Meteorology; Sampling methods; USA, Wyoming DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9151-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Method Countries Can Use to Estimate Changes in Carbon Stored in Harvested Wood Products and the Uncertainty of Such Estimates AN - 16182963; 6018783 AB - A method is suggested for estimating additions to carbon stored in harvested wood products (HWP) and for evaluating uncertainty. The method uses data on HWP production and trade from several decades and tracks annual additions to pools of HWP in use, removals from use, additions to solid waste disposal sites (SWDS), and decay from SWDS. The method is consistent with IPCC guidance for estimating emissions from SWDS. Uncertainty is postulated in the form of probability density functions for 14 variables, using Monte Carlo simulation. Results for the United States suggest that uncertainty is most sensitive to uncertainty in production data for solidwood products, the factor used to convert products to carbon, and the proportion of solidwood and paper in SWDS. Uncertainty in the use (service) life of solidwood products has a limited effect because an error offsets changes in products in use and in SWDS. The method provides a starting point for meeting the aims of the IPCC Good Practice Guidance. JF - Environmental Management AU - Skog, KE AU - Pingoud, K AU - Smith, JE AD - Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2398, USA, kskog@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S65 EP - S73 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Carbon KW - Measuring methods KW - Wood KW - Decay KW - Solid wastes KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16182963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=A+Method+Countries+Can+Use+to+Estimate+Changes+in+Carbon+Stored+in+Harvested+Wood+Products+and+the+Uncertainty+of+Such+Estimates&rft.au=Skog%2C+KE%3BPingoud%2C+K%3BSmith%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Skog&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9118-1 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/40330S65.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monte Carlo simulation; Carbon; Wood; Decay; Solid wastes; Carbon sequestration; Measuring methods DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9118-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing Simulated and Measured Soil Organic Carbon Content of Clay Soils for Time Periods Up to 60 Years AN - 16182883; 6018774 AB - The Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator model (EPIC) was recently altered to include algorithms based upon concepts found in the Century model with the exception of a daily time step. We compared measured soil organic carbon (SOC) content values with simulated values to validate the new EPIC simulation model carbon sequestration routine. The simulations were based upon detailed soils data for three clay soils (Udic Haplusterts) and actual weather data recorded near the sample sites. Historical cropping systems for central Texas were simulated for a period of 120 years, the period from the original breaking of the native prairie sod to modern times. In addition, the effect of tilling the soil for 60 or more years and then returning the site to grass was simulated. Periods of restored grass were 6, 26, and 60 years. It was necessary to adjust a parameter, the fraction of humus in the passive pool, to make realistic simulations. Once adjusted, EPIC simulated the decline in SOC with agriculture well at all three sites in central Texas. EPIC also simulated the relative difference in SOC content occurring between continuously tilled sites and sites with restored grass well. JF - Environmental Management AU - Potter, K N AU - Potter AU - Atwood, J D AU - Williams, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory, 808 East Blackland Road, Temple, Texas 76502, USA, kpotter@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S457 EP - S461 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Agriculture KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Historical account KW - Clay KW - Organic carbon KW - Simulation KW - USA, Texas KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16182883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Comparing+Simulated+and+Measured+Soil+Organic+Carbon+Content+of+Clay+Soils+for+Time+Periods+Up+to+60+Years&rft.au=Potter%2C+K+N%3BPotter%3BAtwood%2C+J+D%3BWilliams%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9153-y L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S457.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Soil; Historical account; Carbon sequestration; Clay; Organic carbon; Simulation; USA, Texas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9153-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen Leaching and Denitrification in Continuous Corn as Related to Residue Management and Nitrogen Fertilization AN - 16182265; 6018758 AB - Maintaining crop production levels with reductions in terrestrial greenhouse gases requires strategic residue and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management. Our objectives were to: (1) quantify the effect of nitrogen N application rate on N losses; (2) examine the role of residue returned on N transformation and losses; and (3) verify the capability of the NCSWAP/NCSOIL model to simulate the dynamics of N and super(15)N in the soil-plant system. Data obtained from a long-term continuous corn study on a silt loam soil, with two N levels (20 and 200 kg N/ha), with two types of residue management (residue harvested, -R; and residue returned, +R) was used to calibrate the model. The model accurately predicted super(15)N in the plant and soil organic matter (SOM) at the 0- to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm depths for both fertilizer rates and residue managements. Concentrations of super(15)N in the corn and SOM were higher for the 20 than 200 kg N/ha treatments. Greater dilution of the super(15)N with nontracer fertilizer added at the higher fertilizer rate was responsible for differences in super(15)N concentrations in the plant. The predicted cumulative N loss during a 30-year simulation indicates more nitrate leaching past the 1-m depth for -R than +R treatments, while higher denitrification rates were predicted for the +R than -R. The simulated cumulative effect of residue returned on denitrification over 30 years predicted increased cumulative N losses from 1320 to 1705 kg N/ha and 1333 to 2574 kg N/ha for the low and high N application rates, respectively. Better synchronization of N release from residue and addition of N fertilizer with plant-N uptake would minimize leaching and denitrification. JF - Environmental Management AU - Gollany, H T AU - Molina, JA AU - Clapp, CE AU - Allmaras, R R AU - Layese, M F AU - Baker, J M AU - Cheng, H H AD - USDA-ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, P.O. Box. 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, USA, hero.gollany@oregonstate.edu Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S289 EP - S298 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - maize KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Soil KW - Historical account KW - Fertilizers KW - Leaching KW - Zea mays KW - Denitrification KW - Simulation KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Environment management KW - Nitrogen KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16182265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+Leaching+and+Denitrification+in+Continuous+Corn+as+Related+to+Residue+Management+and+Nitrogen+Fertilization&rft.au=Gollany%2C+H+T%3BMolina%2C+JA%3BClapp%2C+CE%3BAllmaras%2C+R+R%3BLayese%2C+M+F%3BBaker%2C+J+M%3BCheng%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Gollany&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9138-x L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S289.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Agriculture; Historical account; Fertilizers; Leaching; Denitrification; Simulation; Greenhouse gases; Environment management; Nitrogen; Zea mays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9138-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data Gaps for Monitoring Forest Carbon in the United States: An Inventory Perspective AN - 16182077; 6018739 AB - There is increasing interest in accurate estimates of regional carbon fluxes, and identification of the causes of land/atmosphere/ocean exchange of carbon. Improved information will lead to better policies for managing greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration. The goals of this paper are to review the capability of ongoing operational inventory programs for estimating forest carbon stocks and stock changes, and to identify opportunities to improve forest carbon monitoring by enhancing these programs and supplementing them with new monitoring capability. Carbon in forest ecosystems and wood products cannot be measured directly. Ongoing forest monitoring programs provide a statistical basis for estimating carbon stocks and stock changes, based on data already collected, with a temporal resolution of about 5 years. Improvements in inventories will shorten the reporting cycle and add some variables that enhance the content with respect to carbon estimation, but it will take about a decade for full implementation. Meanwhile, there is an important role for remote sensing measurements, modeling, and imputation techniques to fill gaps in spatial coverage and content. Elements of the proposed North American Carbon Program, if implemented, will improve the estimates of forest ecosystem carbon. JF - Environmental Management AU - Birdsey, R AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 11 Campus Boulevard, Suite 200, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - S1 EP - S8 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Ecosystems KW - Climatic changes KW - Remote sensing KW - Forests KW - Lead KW - Carbon KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Atmospheric gases KW - Estimating KW - Surveys KW - Wood KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Hardwood KW - USA KW - Oceans KW - Monitoring KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16182077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Data+Gaps+for+Monitoring+Forest+Carbon+in+the+United+States%3A+An+Inventory+Perspective&rft.au=Birdsey%2C+R&rft.aulast=Birdsey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9113-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric gases; Carbon; Climatic changes; Ocean-atmosphere system; Remote sensing; Greenhouse effect; Environmental monitoring; Wood; Forests; Remote Sensing; Ecosystems; Oceans; Estimating; Surveys; Monitoring; Hardwood; Lead; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9113-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biologically Defined Soil Organic Matter Pools as Affected by Rotation and Tillage AN - 16181372; 6018781 AB - The importance of soil organic matter is well recognized; however, changes in C and N fractions are inadequately quantified. The objective of this study was to determine tillage and crop rotation effects on soil organic C and N fractions from a long-term (27-year) study in eastern Kansas. Cropping systems included continuous and rotation sequences of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) on a Muir silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Cumulic Haplustolls). Tillage included conventional (CT), reduced (RT), and no-till (NT). Total C and N (C sub(T) and N sub(T)) were determined on all treatments. Mineralizable C and N (C sub(o) and N sub(o)) and microbial biomass C and N were determined for the NT and CT soybean and sorghum rotations. Cropping systems that included wheat contained the greatest amount of C sub(T) and N sub(T). Continuous wheat contained 2910 g C m super(-2) and 287 g N m super(-2), compared to 2225 g C m super(-2) and 222 g N m super(-2) (0-15 cm) for continuous soybean. No-tillage contained 1128 g C m super(-2) and 109 g N m super(-2) at 0-5 cm compared to 918 g C m super(-2) and 87 g N m super(-2) for CT. Sorghum contained 51% more C sub(o) than soybean, and NT accounted for 59% more C sub(o) than CT. More crop residue was produced and retained in rotations that included sorghum. No-tillage increased C 2440 kg ha super(-1), while CT increased C 340 kg ha super(-1) across all soybean /sorghum rotations. The highest sequestration rate (122 kg C ha super(-1) y super(-1)) was observed with NT sorghum and was equivalent to similar to 3.2% of the plant material (root and shoot, less gain harvest) remaining in the soil annually. JF - Environmental Management AU - Doyle, G L AU - Rice, C W AU - Peterson, DE AU - Steichen, J AD - Graziglands Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 7207 El Reno, Oklahoma 73036, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S528 EP - S538 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Wheat KW - soybean KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - Soil KW - Agriculture KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Organic matter KW - USA, Kansas KW - Glycine max KW - Research programs KW - Nitrogen KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16181372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Biologically+Defined+Soil+Organic+Matter+Pools+as+Affected+by+Rotation+and+Tillage&rft.au=Doyle%2C+G+L%3BRice%2C+C+W%3BPeterson%2C+DE%3BSteichen%2C+J&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9160-z L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S528.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Soil; Carbon sequestration; Organic matter; Research programs; Nitrogen; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; USA, Kansas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9160-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Grazing Effects on Carbon Dynamics in the Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie AN - 16181315; 6018775 AB - The role of rangelands in the regulation of atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations is a critical issue in global climate change research. Rangelands are complex ecosystems that occupy about 50% of the land area in the world and USA. We studied the effects of seasonal grazing on CO sub(2) flux on small plots located on a silty range site in the northern mixed-grass prairie with an Eapa fine loam soil. Treatments were no grazing or short-duration intensive grazing during mid-May or mid-July in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Data were collected from mid-April to mid-October at about 30-day intervals to estimate standing crop, leaf area, soil organic C, root mass to a 30-cm soil depth, and diurnal variation of CO sub(2) flux and soil respiration (at 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 24:00 hr) in closed chambers. Uptake of CO sub(2) was greatest during spring and early summer, peak periods of precipitation and green biomass. Grazing removed an average of about 70% of the green standing crop with a subsequent reduction in CO sub(2) uptake of 175% in May and 109% in July. Grazing in May reduced CO sub(2) uptake for 30 days in two of the three years, whereas, grazing in July reduced CO sub(2) flux only in 1998. Residual effects of grazing, however, declined in late summer and autumn with the onset of plant maturation. The potential C sink in the mixed-grass prairie of the Northern Great Plains appears to be small and will vary through time with intensity and timing of grazing as it interacts with climatic conditions. JF - Environmental Management AU - Haferkamp, M R AU - MacNeil, MD AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, 243 Fort Keogh Road, Miles City, Montana 59301, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S462 EP - S474 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Grazing KW - Climatic changes KW - Precipitation KW - Soil KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Prairies KW - Rangelands KW - Soil depth KW - Carbon KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Seasonal variations KW - Standing crop KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16181315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Grazing+Effects+on+Carbon+Dynamics+in+the+Northern+Mixed-Grass+Prairie&rft.au=Haferkamp%2C+M+R%3BMacNeil%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Haferkamp&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9154-x L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S462.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Soil depth; Rangelands; Prairies; Carbon; Grazing; Precipitation; Standing crop; Agriculture; Carbon sequestration; Climatic changes; Carbon dioxide; Seasonal variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9154-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon Dioxide Dynamics During a Growing Season in Midwestern Cropping Systems AN - 16180420; 6018762 AB - Daily and seasonal CO sub(2)-exchange dynamics between the boundary layer and biosphere is important to understanding Net Ecosystem Exchange of terrestrial ecosystems. Spatial and temporal variations of CO sub(2) fluxes across midwestern cropping systems have not been well documented. This study was designed to monitor and evaluate spatial and temporal dynamics of CO sub(2) exchange across a watershed region for typical production fields of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the Midwest by quantifying the above-canopy, within-canopy, and soil components of C balance for this cropping system. An energy-balance approach using eddy covariance was utilized across different fields making year-around measurements in both corn and soybean fields to quantify the exchange of CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O between the crop canopy and the atmospheric boundary layer. Within-canopy concentrations of CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O vapor were measured with an eight-port CO sub(2)/H sub(2)O infrared analyzer. Soil respiration was quantified using soil chambers at various landscape positions throughout the growing season. Fluxes of CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O vapor throughout the day were dependent on net radiation and the stage of canopy development. Diurnal variations in CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O vapor fluxes revealed that the magnitude of the fluxes is large and the variation of the fluxes among fields was consistent throughout the season. Integration of the daily fluxes into seasonal totals showed large differences among crops and fields. Flux differences were the result of the effect of varying soil types on water-holding capacity. Seasonal integrated values were lower than estimates derived from biomass samples collected within the fields and the measurement of the C content of the biomass. Within-canopy recycling of soil CO sub(2) may provide insight to this discrepancy. The techniques are available to quantify the CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O vapor fluxes across different management systems and landscapes to help refine our understanding of the magnitude of the CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O dynamics in cropping systems. JF - Environmental Management AU - Prueger, J H AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Parkin, T B AU - Kustas, W P AU - Kaspar, T C AD - USDA/ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S330 EP - S343 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - maize KW - soybean KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Carbon dioxide exchange KW - USA, Midwest KW - Biosphere KW - Glycine max KW - Zea mays KW - Carbon dioxide emissions KW - Seasonal variations KW - Diurnal variations KW - Carbon cycle KW - Land use KW - Carbon dioxide variations KW - Boundary layers KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Biosphere-atmosphere interaction KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16180420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Carbon+Dioxide+Dynamics+During+a+Growing+Season+in+Midwestern+Cropping+Systems&rft.au=Prueger%2C+J+H%3BHatfield%2C+J+L%3BParkin%2C+T+B%3BKustas%2C+W+P%3BKaspar%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Prueger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9142-1 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S330.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Diurnal variations; Boundary layers; Carbon cycle; Biosphere; Carbon dioxide; Seasonal variations; Land use; Carbon dioxide exchange; Carbon dioxide emissions; Biosphere-atmosphere interaction; Carbon dioxide variations; Zea mays; Glycine max; USA, Midwest DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9142-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen and Carbon Cycling in a Model Longleaf Pine Community as Affected by Elevated Atmospheric CO sub(2) AN - 16180356; 6018742 AB - Increasing global atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration has led to concerns regarding its potential effects on terrestrial ecosystem and the long-term storage of C and N in soil. This study examined responses to elevated CO sub(2) in a typical regenerating longleaf pine-wiregrass community. The model community consisted of five plant species: (1) an evergreen conifer (Pinus palustris), (2) a bunch grass (Aristida stricta), (3) a broadleaf tree (Quercus margaretta), (4) a perennial herbaceous legume (Crotalaria rotundifolia), and (5) a herbaceous perennial (Asclepias tuberosa) grown at two CO sub(2) concentrations (ambient and twice ambient). The CO sub(2)-enriched plots had greater aboveground biomass than ambient plots, mainly due to increased pine biomass. After 3 years, samples of the soil (Blanton loamy sand: loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudult) were collected from 0- to 5-, 5- to 10-, and 10- to 20-cm depth increments. Microbial respiration, potential C and N mineralization, and C turnover were measured during a 120-day incubation of the soil samples. Elevated CO sub(2) decreased soil C respiration and C turnover, but increased N mineralization. Results indicate that soil C sequestration is likely for soils in this longleaf pine ecosystem. JF - Environmental Management AU - Torbert, HA AU - Prior, SA AU - Runion, G B AU - Davis, MA AU - Pritchard, S G AU - Rogers, H H AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama, USA, atorbert@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S132 EP - S138 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Longleaf pine KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Asclepias tuberosa KW - Trees KW - Carbon cycle KW - Mineralization KW - Crotalaria rotundifolia KW - Soil KW - Aristida stricta KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Quercus margaretta KW - Carbon KW - Pinus palustris KW - Plants KW - Nitrogen cycle KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Nitrogen KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16180356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+and+Carbon+Cycling+in+a+Model+Longleaf+Pine+Community+as+Affected+by+Elevated+Atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29&rft.au=Torbert%2C+HA%3BPrior%2C+SA%3BRunion%2C+G+B%3BDavis%2C+MA%3BPritchard%2C+S+G%3BRogers%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Torbert&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9123-4 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S132.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Trees; Plants; Carbon cycle; Nitrogen cycle; Mineralization; Soil; Carbon sequestration; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen; Asclepias tuberosa; Aristida stricta; Quercus margaretta; Pinus palustris; Crotalaria rotundifolia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9123-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Six Years of CO sub(2) Flux Measurements for a Moderately Grazed Mixed-Grass Prairie AN - 16180164; 6018770 AB - The large area occupied by temperate grassland ecosystems makes it important to determine their strength as a carbon sink. The Bowen ratio/energy balance (BREB) technique was used to determine CO sub(2) fluxes over a moderately grazed mixed-grass prairie at Mandan, North Dakota, USA, over a 6-year period from 1996 to 2001. Above-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) were measured about every 21 days throughout the growing period. Root biomass was determined to 1.1 m depth in mid-July each year. Peak above-ground biomass typically occurred between mid-July to early August and ranged from 782 kg/ha in 1998 to 2173 kg/ha in 1999. Maximum LAI ranged from 0.4 in 1998 to 0.9 in 1999. Root biomass ranged from 11.8 Mg/ha in 1997 to 17.4 Mg/ha in 1996. Maximum daily CO sub(2) fluxes generally coincided with periods of maximum LAI and above-ground green biomass. The average time period for CO sub(2) uptake was 5 May to 3 October. Annual CO sub(2) fluxes ranged from a low of 13 g CO sub(2)/m super(2) in 1998 to a high of 247 g CO sub(2)/m super(2) in 2001, nearly a 20-fold difference, and averaged 108 g CO sub(2)/m super(2). The cumulative annual flux over all 6 years was 646 g CO sub(2)/m super(2) or 176 g CO sub(2)-C/m super(2). These results indicate that the strength of the carbon sink for this moderately grazed prairie site is about 30 g CO sub(2)-C/m super(2)/yr, which is quite small, but considering that the site was grazed and still remains a sink for carbon, it is significant. JF - Environmental Management AU - Frank, AB AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Mandan, North Dakota 58554, USA, franka@mandan.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S426 EP - S431 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Ecosystems KW - Carbon cycle KW - Carbon dioxide flux KW - Biomass KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Grasslands KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Carbon dioxide measurements KW - Carbon sinks KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Sampling methods KW - Biosphere-atmosphere interaction KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16180164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Six+Years+of+CO+sub%282%29+Flux+Measurements+for+a+Moderately+Grazed+Mixed-Grass+Prairie&rft.au=Frank%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9150-1 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S426.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Historical account; Grasslands; Biomass; Carbon dioxide; Ecosystems; Carbon cycle; Carbon dioxide flux; Carbon dioxide measurements; Carbon sinks; Biosphere-atmosphere interaction; Carbon sequestration; Sampling methods; USA, North Dakota DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9150-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimates of Down Woody Materials in Eastern US Forests AN - 16179124; 6018772 AB - Down woody materials (DWMs) are an important part of forest ecosystems for wildlife habitat, carbon storage, structural diversity, wildfire hazard, and other large-scale ecosystem processes. To better manage forests for DWMs, available and easily accessible data on DWM components are needed. We examined data on DWMs, collected in 2001 by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program on some plots in several states. We compiled DWM data from 778 plots to compute biomass for the following components: coarse woody material, fine woody material (three size classes), litter, duff, and shrub/herb cover. We developed regression equations to predict DWM components for extension to FIA's more intensive plot network. Seven regression equations were applied to the FIA data to create maps of DWM biomass. As a first attempt to summarize FIA DWM measurements and extend them to plots without these data, our model produces reasonable results except possibly for duff and litter. JF - Environmental Management AU - Chojnacky, D C AU - Mickler, R A AU - Heath, L S AU - Woodall, C W AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory Research, Washington, DC 20250-1115, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S44 EP - S55 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Shrubs KW - Mathematical models KW - Forests KW - USA, East KW - Habitat KW - Biomass KW - Maps KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Carbon KW - Measuring methods KW - Mapping KW - Environment management KW - Herbs KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16179124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Estimates+of+Down+Woody+Materials+in+Eastern+US+Forests&rft.au=Chojnacky%2C+D+C%3BMickler%2C+R+A%3BHeath%2C+L+S%3BWoodall%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Chojnacky&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9116-3 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/40330S44.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shrubs; Mathematical models; Carbon; Forests; Maps; Biomass; Herbs; Carbon sequestration; Measuring methods; Mapping; Habitat; Environment management; USA, East DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9116-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability of wildland fire emissions across the contiguous United States AN - 16173133; 5913266 AB - This study analyzes spatial and temporal variability of emissions from wildland fires across the contiguous US. The emissions are estimates based on a recently constructed dataset of historical fire records collected by multiple US governmental agencies. Both wildfire and prescribed fires have the highest emissions over the Pacific coastal states. Prescribed fire emissions are also found to be high over the southeastern coastal area. Temporal variations of wildfire emissions in various regions are characterized by a number of strong emissions over the past two decades, which are closely related to precipitation anomalies. Prescribed fire emissions, on the other hand, show an increasing tendency in recent years. An analysis of the emissions specifically for the three National Emissions Inventory (NEI) base years of 1996, 1999, and 2002 suggests that the average of these years would represent fairly typical wildfire emissions for all regions except the Southwest and Pacific Southwest. Prescribed fire emissions during the NEI base years, on the other hand, were much higher than the historical average for all regions except the Southeast. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Liu, Y AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA 30602, USA, yliu@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 3489 EP - 3499 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 38 IS - 21 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Wildfire KW - Prescribed fire KW - Air pollutants KW - Emissions KW - Atmosphere-emission relationship KW - Historical account KW - Fires KW - USA KW - Atmospheric pollution chemistry KW - Emission measurements KW - Atmospheric pollution by fires KW - Atmospheric pollution emission KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16173133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Variability+of+wildland+fire+emissions+across+the+contiguous+United+States&rft.au=Liu%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=3489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2004.02.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Atmospheric pollution chemistry; Atmospheric pollution emission; Atmospheric pollution by fires; Historical account; Wildfire; Emission measurements; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of common organic solvents for gas chromatographic analysis and stability of multiclass pesticide residues. AN - 66670374; 15230533 AB - In this study, we evaluated the suitability of six common organic solvents for gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of pesticides. Three of these, acetone, acetonitrile (MeCN) and ethyl acetate (EtAc), represent extraction solvents commonly used in multiresidue methods for determination of pesticides in produce. The other three, isooctane, hexane and toluene, often serve as exchange solvents before a GC analysis. An ideal solvent for GC analysis of multiclass pesticide residues should be compatible with: the analytes, sample preparation, and GC analysis. This study addresses each aspect with emphasis placed on stability of selected pesticides in the given solvents. In this respect, the exchange solvents proved to be superior to the more polar extraction solvents. Degradation of N-trihalomethylthio fungicides (e.g., captan, folpet, dichlofluanid) in MeCN was observed only in certain lots of the tested MeCN, but even if it occurred, the stability of these analytes as well as that of dicofol and chlorothalonil was dramatically improved by the addition of 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid. Dicofol and chlorothalonil were also unstable in acetone, and pesticides with a thioether group (e.g., fenthion, disulfoton) degraded in the tested EtAc. Formation of isomers of certain pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin) was recorded in the chromatograms from MeCN and acetone solutions, but this effect more likely occurred during the GC injection than in solution. For several reasons, MeCN was found to be the most suitable solvent for extraction of a wide polarity range of pesticide residues from produce. After acidification, the stability of problematic pesticides in MeCN is acceptable, and MeCN can also serve as a medium for GC injection; therefore solvent exchange is generally not required before GC analysis. If sensitivity is an issue in splitless injection, then toluene was demonstrated to be the best exchange solvent due to its miscibility with MeCN and stronger responses of relatively more polar pesticides (e.g., acephate, methamidophos) as compared to hexane and isooctane. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Mastovská, Katerina AU - Lehotay, Steven J AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. Y1 - 2004/06/25/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 25 SP - 259 EP - 272 VL - 1040 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Solvents -- chemistry KW - Organic Chemicals -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66670374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+common+organic+solvents+for+gas+chromatographic+analysis+and+stability+of+multiclass+pesticide+residues.&rft.au=Mastovsk%C3%A1%2C+Katerina%3BLehotay%2C+Steven+J&rft.aulast=Mastovsk%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Katerina&rft.date=2004-06-25&rft.volume=1040&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of an octanucleotide motif sequence essential for viral protein, DNA, and progeny virus biosynthesis at the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus type 2. AN - 71997862; 15183050 AB - A plasmid-based transfection system capable of generating infectious porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was established. This system was then used in mutagenesis studies to investigate the involvement of a "conserved" nonanucleotide (which constitutes a portion of the loop sequence) located at the origin of DNA replication of PCV2 with respect to viral protein synthesis, DNA self-replication, and progeny virus production. The results demonstrated that an octanucleotide (AGTATTAC) embedded in the loop sequence is essential for virus replication. This octanucleotide can be further condensed to an essential core element (ECE) represented by AxTAxTAC. The positions specified by the indicated nucleotides are critical for viral DNA replication and stable infectious virus production, and they cannot be substituted by other bases, while the positions indicated by x can accept variable bases and yield stable progeny viruses. JF - Virology AU - Cheung, Andrew K AD - Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA. acheung@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 20 SP - 28 EP - 36 VL - 324 IS - 1 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - DNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Viral Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Genotype KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Research Design KW - Virus Replication KW - DNA, Viral -- biosynthesis KW - Oligonucleotides -- chemistry KW - Replication Origin KW - Circovirus -- genetics KW - Viral Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - DNA Replication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71997862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+an+octanucleotide+motif+sequence+essential+for+viral+protein%2C+DNA%2C+and+progeny+virus+biosynthesis+at+the+origin+of+DNA+replication+of+porcine+circovirus+type+2.&rft.au=Cheung%2C+Andrew+K&rft.aulast=Cheung&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2004-06-20&rft.volume=324&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sand dune stability along a climatic gradient in north and northwest Oklahoma AN - 861985826; 2011-035566 JF - Program and Abstracts - American Quaternary Association. Conference AU - Cordova, Carlos E AU - Porter, Jess C AU - Kalchgruber, Regina AU - Scott, Greg AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 134 EP - 135 PB - American Quaternary Association, Seattle, WA VL - 18 SN - 0741-059X, 0741-059X KW - United States KW - soils KW - eolian features KW - dunes KW - climatic gradient KW - landform evolution KW - stability KW - Ogallala Formation KW - vegetation KW - Cenozoic KW - Beaver County Oklahoma KW - Alfisols KW - Tertiary KW - Oklahoma KW - transport KW - Neogene KW - Entisols KW - wind transport KW - winds KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/861985826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+American+Quaternary+Association.+Conference&rft.atitle=Sand+dune+stability+along+a+climatic+gradient+in+north+and+northwest+Oklahoma&rft.au=Cordova%2C+Carlos+E%3BPorter%2C+Jess+C%3BKalchgruber%2C+Regina%3BScott%2C+Greg%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Cordova&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+American+Quaternary+Association.+Conference&rft.issn=0741059X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AMQUA 2004; American Quaternary Association 18th biennial meeting; Quaternary grassland-forest dynamics N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AMQUAM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alfisols; Beaver County Oklahoma; Cenozoic; climatic gradient; dunes; Entisols; eolian features; landform evolution; Neogene; Ogallala Formation; Oklahoma; soils; stability; Tertiary; transport; United States; vegetation; wind transport; winds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioavailability of selenium from meat and broccoli as determined by retention and distribution of super(75)Se AN - 856760103; 13856099 AB - The concentration of selenium (Se), an essential nutrient, is variable in foods, depending, in part, on how and where foods are produced; some foods accumulate substantial amounts of Se when produced on high-Se soils. The chemical form of Se also differs among foods. Broccoli is a Se-accumulating plant that contains many methylated forms of Se, and Se bioavailability from broccoli has been reported to be low. Red meats such as pork or beef could accumulate Se when the animal is fed high-Se diets, and Se from such meats has been reported to be highly bioavailable for selenoprotein synthesis. In a further attempt to characterize the utilization of Se from broccoli and meats such as pork or beef, we have fed rats diets adequate (0.1 kg Se/g diet) in Se or high in Se (1.5 kg S/g diet), with the Se source being either high-Se broccoli or beef. Rats were then given test meals of broccoli or pork intrinsically labeled with super(75)Se. When dietary Se was nutritionally adequate (0.1 kg/g diet), more super(75)Se from pork than broccoli was retained in tissues; however, there were no significant differences in whole-body retention when dietary Se was high (1.5 kg/g diet). A significantly greater percentage of super(75)Se from broccoli than pork was excreted in the urine and dietary Se did not affect urinary excretion of broccoli super(75)Se, but the amount excreted from pork varied directly with dietary Se intake. Radiolabeled super(75)Se derived from pork effectively labeled selenoproteins in all tissues examined, but super(75)Se from broccoli was undetectable in selenoproteins. These differences in retention and distribution of Se from broccoli or pork are consistent with reported differences in bioavailability of Se from beef and broccoli. They also suggest that there are fewer differences in bioavailability when Se is consumed in supranutritional amounts. JF - Biological Trace Element Research AU - Finley, John W AU - Grusak, Michael A AU - Keck, Anna-Sigrid AU - Gregoire, Brian R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 58202-9034, Grand Forks, ND Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 191 EP - 209 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 99 IS - 1-3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Beef KW - Bioavailability KW - Diets KW - Excretion KW - Food KW - Meat KW - Nutrients KW - Pork KW - Selenium KW - Soil KW - Urine KW - selenoproteins KW - Brassica KW - X 24320:Food Additives & Contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856760103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Bioavailability+of+selenium+from+meat+and+broccoli+as+determined+by+retention+and+distribution+of+super%2875%29Se&rft.au=Finley%2C+John+W%3BGrusak%2C+Michael+A%3BKeck%2C+Anna-Sigrid%3BGregoire%2C+Brian+R&rft.aulast=Finley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FBTER%3A99%3A1-3%3A191 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Soil; Meat; Selenium; Bioavailability; selenoproteins; Urine; Beef; Food; Pork; Nutrients; Excretion; Brassica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/BTER:99:1-3:191 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil Quality: A Review of the Science and Experiences in the USA AN - 762266759; 13661818 AB - An increasing human population is placing greater demand on soil resources, and as a result degradation is taking place in many regions of the world. This is critical because soils perform a number of essential processes including supporting food and fiber production, influencing air quality through interaction with the atmosphere, and serving as a medium for storage and purification of water. The soil quality concept was introduced to complement soil science research by making our understanding of soils more complete and helping guide the use and allocation of labor, energy, fiscal, and other inputs as agriculture intensifies and expands to meet increasing world demands. Soil quality thus provides a unifying concept for educating professionals, producers, and the public about the important processes that soils perform. It also provides an assessment tool for evaluating current management practices and comparing alternative management practices. Soil attributes comprising a minimum data set have been identified, and both laboratory and field methods have been developed for measuring them. A soil quality index is being developed to normalize measured soil quality indicator data and generate a numeric value that can be used to compare various management practices or to assess management-induced changes over time. Using previously published data, we evaluated the soil quality index as a tool to assess a wide range of management practices in the Northern Great Plains. The index ranked the treatments: grazed fertilized tame pasture > moderately grazed > ungrazed> heavily grazed > annual cropping with no-tillage > conventionally tilled crop-fallow which agrees with the way they were subjectively ranked in the publications. The soil quality index shows potential for use as a management assessment tool. JF - Environmental Geochemistry and Health AU - Wienhold, B J AU - Andrews, S S AU - Karlen, D L AD - USDA-ARS, 120 Keim Hall, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0934, USA; (tel.:, bwienhold1@unl.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 89 EP - 95 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0269-4042, 0269-4042 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil Science KW - Pastures KW - Air quality KW - no-till cropping KW - Pasture KW - Soil KW - Fertilizers KW - Assessments KW - plains KW - Laboratories KW - Geochemistry KW - Publications KW - Human Population KW - Water purification KW - USA KW - Foods KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Reviews KW - human populations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 7060:Research facilities KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762266759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.atitle=Soil+Quality%3A+A+Review+of+the+Science+and+Experiences+in+the+USA&rft.au=Wienhold%2C+B+J%3BAndrews%2C+S+S%3BKarlen%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Wienhold&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.issn=02694042&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AEGAH.0000039571.59640.3c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Fertilizers; Reviews; plains; Air quality; no-till cropping; human populations; Water purification; Pasture; Foods; Soil Science; Assessments; Laboratories; Geochemistry; Pastures; Human Population; Publications; USA; USA, Great Plains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EGAH.0000039571.59640.3c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional replacement of Wheat streak mosaic virus HC-Pro with the corresponding cistron from a diverse array of viruses in the family Potyviridae. AN - 72028574; 15193921 AB - Helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) of Wheat streak mosaic virus strain Sidney 81 (WSMV-Sidney 81) was systematically replaced with the corresponding cistron derived from four strains of WSMV (Type, TK1, CZ, and El Batán 3), the tritimovirus Oat necrotic mottle virus (ONMV), the rymoviruses Agropyron mosaic virus (AgMV) and Hordeum mosaic virus (HoMV), or the potyviruses Tobacco etch virus (TEV) and Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). These HC-Pro proteins varied in amino acid sequence identity shared with HC-Pro of WSMV-Sidney 81 from high (strains of WSMV at approximately 86-99%) to moderate (ONMV at 70%) to low (rymoviruses and potyviruses at approximately 15-17%). Surprisingly, all chimeric viral genomes examined were capable of systemic infection of wheat upon inoculation with RNA transcripts produced in vitro. HC-Pro replacements derived from tritimoviruses did not alter host range relative to WSMV-Sidney 81, as each of these chimeric viruses was able to systemically infect wheat, oat, and corn line SDp2. These results indicate that differences in host range among tritimoviruses, including the inability of ONMV to infect wheat or the inability of WSMV strains Type and El Batán 3 to infect SDp2 corn, are not determined by HC-Pro. In contrast, all chimeric viruses bearing HC-Pro replacements derived from rymoviruses or potyviruses were unable to infect SDp2 corn and oat. Collectively, these results indicate that HC-Pro from distantly related virus species of the family Potyviridae are competent to provide WSMV-Sidney 81 with all functions necessary for infection of a permissive host (wheat) and that virus-host interactions required for systemic infection of oat and SDp2 corn are more stringent. Changes in symptom severity or mechanical transmission efficiency observed for some chimeric viruses further suggest that HC-Pro affects virulence in WSMV. JF - Virology AU - Stenger, Drake C AU - French, Roy AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA. dstenger@unlnotes.unl.edu Y1 - 2004/06/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 01 SP - 257 EP - 267 VL - 323 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - Viral Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - HC-Pro protein, potyvirus KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Poaceae -- virology KW - Phylogeny KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Species Specificity KW - Plant Diseases -- virology KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Viral Proteins -- genetics KW - Potyviridae -- metabolism KW - Potyviridae -- genetics KW - Potyvirus -- metabolism KW - Potyvirus -- genetics KW - Potyviridae -- pathogenicity KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Triticum -- virology KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Viral Proteins -- metabolism KW - Potyvirus -- pathogenicity KW - Genes -- genetics KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72028574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Functional+replacement+of+Wheat+streak+mosaic+virus+HC-Pro+with+the+corresponding+cistron+from+a+diverse+array+of+viruses+in+the+family+Potyviridae.&rft.au=Stenger%2C+Drake+C%3BFrench%2C+Roy&rft.aulast=Stenger&rft.aufirst=Drake&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=323&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF285169; GENBANK; AY377938; AF454454; AF454455; AF057533; AY571671; AF285170; AY571672 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-directed mutagenesis and generation of chimeric viruses by homologous recombination in yeast to facilitate analysis of plant-virus interactions. AN - 72026574; 15195939 AB - A yeast homologous recombination system was used to generate mutants and chimeras in the genome of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). A yeast-bacteria shuttle vector was developed that allows mutants and chimeras generated in yeast to be transformed into Escherichia coli for confirmation of the mutations and transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens to facilitate agroinfection of plants by the mutant PLRV genomes. The advantages of the system include the high frequency of recovered mutants generated by yeast homologous recombination, the ability to generate over 20 mutants and chimeras using only two restriction endonuclease sites, the ability to introduce multiple additional sequences using three and four DNA fragments, and the mobilization of the same plasmid from yeast to E. coli, A. tumefaciens, and plants. The wild-type PLRV genome showed no loss of virulence after sequential propagation in yeast, E. coli, and A. tumefaciens. Moreover, many PLRV clones with mutations generated in the capsid protein and readthrough domain of the capsid protein replicated and moved throughout plants. This approach will facilitate the analysis of plant-virus interactions of in vivo-generated mutants for many plant viruses, especially those not transmissible mechanically to plants. JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Liang, Delin AU - Gray, Stewart M AU - Kaplan, Igor AU - Palukaitis, Peter AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 571 EP - 576 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agrobacterium tumefaciens -- genetics KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Plant Viruses -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72026574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=Site-directed+mutagenesis+and+generation+of+chimeric+viruses+by+homologous+recombination+in+yeast+to+facilitate+analysis+of+plant-virus+interactions.&rft.au=Liang%2C+Delin%3BGray%2C+Stewart+M%3BKaplan%2C+Igor%3BPalukaitis%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Liang&rft.aufirst=Delin&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Aspergillus parasiticus estA-encoded esterase converts versiconal hemiacetal acetate to versiconal and versiconol acetate to versiconol in aflatoxin biosynthesis. AN - 72002961; 15184162 AB - In aflatoxin biosynthesis, the pathway for the conversion of 1-hydroxyversicolorone to versiconal hemiacetal acetate (VHA) to versiconal (VHOH) is part of a metabolic grid. In the grid, the steps from VHA to VHOH and from versiconol acetate (VOAc) to versiconol (VOH) may be catalyzed by the same esterase. Several esterase activities are associated with the conversion of VHA to VHOH, but only one esterase gene (estA) is present in the complete aflatoxin gene cluster of Aspergillus parasiticus. We deleted the estA gene from A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, an O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST)-accumulating strain. The estA-deleted mutants were pigmented and accumulated mainly VHA and versicolorin A (VA). A small amount of VOAc and other downstream aflatoxin intermediates, including VHOH, versicolorin B, and OMST, also were accumulated. In contrast, a VA-accumulating mutant, NIAH-9, accumulated VA exclusively and neither VHA nor VOAc were produced. Addition of the esterase inhibitor dichlorvos (dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate) to the transformation recipient strain RHN1, an estA-deleted mutant, or NIAH-9 resulted in the accumulation of only VHA and VOAc. In in vitro enzyme assays, the levels of the esterase activities catalyzing the conversion of VHA to VHOH in the cell extracts of two estA-deleted mutants were decreased to approximately 10% of that seen with RHN1. Similar decreases in the esterase activities catalyzing the conversion of VOAc to VOH were also obtained. Thus, the estA-encoded esterase catalyzes the conversion of both VHA to VHOH and VOAc to VOH during aflatoxin biosynthesis. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Chang, Perng-Kuang AU - Yabe, Kimiko AU - Yu, Jiujiang AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 3593 EP - 3599 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Anthraquinones KW - Culture Media KW - Fungal Proteins KW - versiconal KW - 62218-05-7 KW - versiconal hemiacetal acetate KW - 62886-00-4 KW - versiconol acetate KW - 70979-72-5 KW - Dichlorvos KW - 7U370BPS14 KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - EstA protein, Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Index Medicus KW - Dichlorvos -- pharmacology KW - Gene Deletion KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Aspergillus -- isolation & purification KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- genetics KW - Anthraquinones -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72002961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=The+Aspergillus+parasiticus+estA-encoded+esterase+converts+versiconal+hemiacetal+acetate+to+versiconal+and+versiconol+acetate+to+versiconol+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis.&rft.au=Chang%2C+Perng-Kuang%3BYabe%2C+Kimiko%3BYu%2C+Jiujiang&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Perng-Kuang&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Feb;62(2):360-6 [8593042] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Oct;61(10):3628-32 [7486998] Curr Genet. 1996 Jun;30(1):68-75 [8662212] Can J Microbiol. 1996 Aug;42(8):804-10 [8776851] J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 17;272(3):1589-94 [8999832] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Dec;64(12):4834-41 [9835571] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Nov;65(11):4987-94 [10543813] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jan;66(1):359-62 [10618248] Gene. 2000 May 2;248(1-2):157-67 [10806361] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2000 May;53(5):583-90 [10855719] Mycopathologia. 1999;147(2):105-12 [10967969] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Nov;66(11):4715-9 [11055914] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001 Jun;55(6):771-6 [11525627] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2002 Apr;58(5):632-6 [11956746] Chem Biol. 2002 Sep;9(9):981-8 [12323372] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Jan;69(1):66-73 [12513978] Mycopathologia. 2002;156(3):227-34 [12749588] Appl Microbiol. 1974 Feb;27(2):394-9 [4207281] Appl Microbiol. 1974 Jul;28(1):52-7 [4844267] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Aug;54(8):2096-100 [3178213] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1989 Mar-Apr;72(2):223-30 [2651391] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):121-6 [2615791] Mycopathologia. 1990 Apr;110(1):31-5 [2352549] Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Nov;224(2):294-6 [2277647] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Feb 14;293(1):67-70 [1731640] J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Oct;137(10):2469-75 [1770361] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Nov;58(11):3527-37 [1339261] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Aug;59(8):2493-500 [8368837] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Nov;59(11):3564-71 [8285664] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Nov;60(11):4078-85 [7993094] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Feb 20;93(4):1418-22 [8643646] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Communicating cardiovascular disease risk due to elevated homocysteine levels: using the EPPM to develop print materials. AN - 71961001; 15155045 AB - Improving the effectiveness of written information to promote compliance with therapeutic regimens is essential, particularly among older adults. Guiding their development and evaluating their effectiveness with an accepted communication theory or model may help. A preliminary test of written materials developed within the context of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) to motivate compliant behaviors among older adults at risk for cardiovascular disease is described. Participants who were not previously following the recommendations felt more confident in their ability to do so after reading a high-threat/high-efficacy message. Advanced age, lower education level, an existing chronic illness, and a higher initial homocysteine level were factors associated with lower levels of perceived threat and/or fear and may have attenuated the effectiveness of the message. This study's results contribute to our understanding of the usefulness of theory-guided written materials in motivating compliant health behaviors. Recommendations for using this model are provided. JF - Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education AU - McKay, Diane L AU - Berkowitz, Judy M AU - Blumberg, Jeffrey B AU - Goldberg, Jeanne P AD - Antioxidants Research Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. dmckay@world.std.com Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 355 EP - 371 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 1090-1981, 1090-1981 KW - Homocysteine KW - 0LVT1QZ0BA KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Homocysteine -- blood KW - Health Promotion -- methods KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- blood KW - Teaching Materials KW - Homocysteine -- adverse effects KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71961001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+education+%26+behavior+%3A+the+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Public+Health+Education&rft.atitle=Communicating+cardiovascular+disease+risk+due+to+elevated+homocysteine+levels%3A+using+the+EPPM+to+develop+print+materials.&rft.au=McKay%2C+Diane+L%3BBerkowitz%2C+Judy+M%3BBlumberg%2C+Jeffrey+B%3BGoldberg%2C+Jeanne+P&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+education+%26+behavior+%3A+the+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Public+Health+Education&rft.issn=10901981&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitory effects of organic acid salts on growth of Clostridium perfringens from spore inocula during chilling of marinated ground turkey breast. AN - 71912785; 15135954 AB - Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens germination and outgrowth by salts of organic acids such as sodium lactate, sodium acetate, buffered sodium citrate and buffered sodium citrate supplemented with sodium diacetate was evaluated during continuous chilling of ground turkey. Turkey breast meat was injected with a brine-containing NaCl, potato starch and potassium tetra pyrophosphate to yield final in-product concentrations of 0.85%, 0.25% and 0.20%, respectively. The meat was ground, mixed with either sodium lactate (1%, 2%, 3% or 4%), sodium acetate (1% or 2%), buffered sodium citrate (Ional, 1%) or buffered sodium citrate supplemented with sodium diacetate (Ional Plus trade mark, 1%), in addition to a control that did not contain added antimicrobials. Each product was mixed with a three-strain C. perfringens spore cocktail to obtain final spore concentrations of ca. 2.8 log10 spores/g. Inoculated products (10 g) were packaged into cook-in-bags (2 x 3 in.), vacuum sealed, cooked at 60 degrees C for 1 h, and subsequently chilled from 54.4 to 7.2 degrees C in 15, 18 and 21 h following exponential chilling rates. Products were sampled immediately after cooking and then after chilling. Chilling of cooked turkey following 15, 18 and 21 h chill rates resulted in germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores to 6.6, 7.58 and 7.95 log10 CFU/g populations, respectively, from initial spore populations of ca. 2.80 log10 CFU/g. Incorporation of sodium lactate (1%), sodium acetate (1%), Ional or Ional Plus (1%) substantially inhibited germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores compared to controls. Final C. perfringens total populations of 3.12, 3.10, 2.38 and 2.92 log10 CFU/g, respectively, were observed following a 15-h exponential chill rate. Similar inhibitory effects were observed for 18 and 21 chill rates with the antimicrobials at 1% concentrations. While sodium lactate and sodium acetate concentrations of 1% were sufficient to control C. perfringens germination and outgrowth (<1.0 log10 CFU/g growth) following 15 h chill rates, higher concentrations were required for 18 and 21 h chill rates. Ional at 1% concentration was effective in inhibiting germination and outgrowth to <1.0 log10 CFU/g of C. perfringens for all three chill rates (15, 18 and 21 h) tested. Use of sodium salts of organic acids in formulation of ready-to-eat meat products can reduce the risk of C. perfringens spore germination and outgrowth during chilling. Copyright 2003 Elsevier B.V. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Juneja, V K AU - Thippareddi, H AD - Microbial Food Safety, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. vjuneja@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2004/06/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 01 SP - 155 EP - 163 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Citrates KW - 0 KW - Food Preservatives KW - sodium citrate KW - 1Q73Q2JULR KW - Sodium Acetate KW - 4550K0SC9B KW - Sodium Lactate KW - TU7HW0W0QT KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Turkeys KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Spores, Fungal KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Sodium Lactate -- pharmacology KW - Citrates -- pharmacology KW - Sodium Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Time Factors KW - Food Preservatives -- pharmacology KW - Clostridium perfringens -- drug effects KW - Clostridium perfringens -- growth & development KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Food Preservation -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71912785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Inhibitory+effects+of+organic+acid+salts+on+growth+of+Clostridium+perfringens+from+spore+inocula+during+chilling+of+marinated+ground+turkey+breast.&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BThippareddi%2C+H&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent pre-harvest supplementation strategies to reduce carriage and shedding of zoonotic enteric bacterial pathogens in food animals. AN - 66930329; 15460539 AB - Food-borne bacterial illnesses strike more than 76 million North Americans each year. Many of these illnesses are caused by animal-derived foodstuffs. Slaughter and processing plants do an outstanding job in reducing bacterial contamination after slaughter and during further processing, yet food-borne illnesses still occur at an unacceptable frequency. Thus, it is imperative to widen the window of action against pathogenic bacteria. Attacking pathogens on the farm or in the feedlot will improve food safety all the way to the consumer's fork. Because of the potential improvement in overall food safety that pre-harvest intervention strategies can provide, a broad range of preslaughter intervention strategies are currently under investigation. Potential interventions include direct anti-pathogen strategies, competitive enhancement strategies and animal management strategies. Included in these strategies are competitive exclusion, probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, antibacterial proteins, vaccination, bacteriophage, diet, and water trough interventions. The parallel and simultaneous application of one or more preslaughter strategies has the potential to synergistically reduce the incidence of human food-borne illnesses by erecting multiple hurdles, thus preventing entry of pathogens into the food chain. This review emphasizes work with Escherichia coli O157:H7 to illustrate the various strategies. JF - Animal health research reviews AU - Callaway, T R AU - Anderson, R C AU - Edrington, T S AU - Genovese, K J AU - Harvey, R B AU - Poole, T L AU - Nisbet, D J AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845, USA. callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 35 EP - 47 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1466-2523, 1466-2523 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Probiotics KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Meat-Packing Industry KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animal Feed KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Zoonoses -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66930329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+health+research+reviews&rft.atitle=Recent+pre-harvest+supplementation+strategies+to+reduce+carriage+and+shedding+of+zoonotic+enteric+bacterial+pathogens+in+food+animals.&rft.au=Callaway%2C+T+R%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BPoole%2C+T+L%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Callaway&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+health+research+reviews&rft.issn=14662523&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of susceptibility of pest Euschistus servus and predator Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) to selected insecticides. AN - 66753110; 15279256 AB - Susceptibility of the brown stink bug, Euschistus serous (Say), and the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), to acetamiprid, cyfluthrin, dicrotophos, indoxacarb, oxamyl, and thiamethoxam, was compared in residual and oral toxicity tests. Generally, susceptibility of P. maculiventris to insecticides was significantly greater than or not significantly different from that of E. servus. Cyfluthrin and oxamyl were more toxic to the predator than to E. servus in residual and feeding tests, respectively. Dicrotophos is the only compound that exhibited both good residual and oral activity against E. servus, but even this toxicant was more toxic to the predator than to the pest in oral toxicity tests. Feeding on indoxacarb-treated food caused high mortality for both nymphs and adults of P. maculiventris. In contrast, E. servus was unaffected by feeding on food treated with this compound. Insecticide selectivity to P. maculiventris was detected only with acetamiprid for adults in residual toxicity tests and for nymphs in oral toxicity tests. Because insecticide selectivity to P. maculiventris was limited, it is extremely important to conserve P. maculiventris in cotton fields by applying these insecticides for control of brown stink bugs only when the pest reaches economic threshold. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Tillman, P Glynn AU - Mullinix, Benjamin G AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, USA. pgt@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 800 EP - 806 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - dicrotophos KW - B541I65WBL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Gossypium KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Heteroptera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66753110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+susceptibility+of+pest+Euschistus+servus+and+predator+Podisus+maculiventris+%28Heteroptera%3A+Pentatomidae%29+to+selected+insecticides.&rft.au=Tillman%2C+P+Glynn%3BMullinix%2C+Benjamin+G&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=800&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of sucrose octanoate on survival of nymphal and adult Diaphorina citri (Homoptera: Psyllidae). AN - 66751533; 15279280 AB - Asian citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Homoptera: Psyllidae) was detected for the first time in the United States near Delray Beach, FL, on 2 June 1998 and is continuing to spread and multiply throughout southern Florida. This psyllid is the vector of Liberobacter asiaticum, a phloem-limited bacterium that causes citrus greening disease. This pathogen has not been found in the Western Hemisphere to date. Furthermore, high infestation levels of D. citri can impact citrus plant health, fruit quality, or yield. Replicated laboratory and spray booth bioassays were conducted to determine the insecticidal activity of a synthetic analog of natural sugar esters found in leaf trichomes of wild tobacco, Nicotiatna gossei Domin, to nymphal and adult D. citri. Field trials were initiated in Fort Pierce, FL, in 2000 to determine activity of the sugar ester formulation (sucrose octanoate) on D. citri and other citrus pests, including immature Asian citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton and mites. Sucrose octanoate rates tested ranged from 400 to 8000 ppm (0.1-2% formulated product). Our data suggest that both nymphal and adult D. citri as well as the mite complex tested would be equally controlled to levels of >90% at the higher concentrations of sucrose octanoate and that good coverage is key to efficacy. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - McKenzie, C L AU - Puterka, Gary J AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Reseach Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Rd., Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 970 EP - 975 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - sucrose octanoate KW - Sucrose KW - 57-50-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Citrus -- microbiology KW - Insect Vectors KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria KW - Hemiptera -- physiology KW - Sucrose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Nymph -- physiology KW - Sucrose -- administration & dosage KW - Hemiptera -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66751533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+sucrose+octanoate+on+survival+of+nymphal+and+adult+Diaphorina+citri+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29.&rft.au=McKenzie%2C+C+L%3BPuterka%2C+Gary+J&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=970&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Active ingredients in cade oil that synergize attractiveness of alpha-ionol to male Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). AN - 66747880; 15279265 AB - Cade oil, a commercially available essential oil produced by destructive distillation of juniper, Juniperus oxycedrus L., twigs, is known to synergize the attractancy of alpha-ionol to male Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). Through chemical fractionation and outdoor olfactometer-based bioassays, seven compounds in cade oil were identified that potentially could provide some level of synergism. Tests with sterile laboratory flies showed that four of the seven compounds (eugenol, isoeugenol, 2-methoxy-4-ethylphenol, and 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol), together with a closely related compound not found in cade oil, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, are capable of synergizing the attractiveness of alpha-ionol to male B. latifrons under field conditions. The similarity in structures of these five synergistic compounds shows that there is a response to a core 2-methoxyphenol structure, with fly response little affected by some variation in the composition of the side chain on the number 4 carbon. Because identified synergists were structurally similar, only one compound, eugenol, was selected for further field studies. In an 8-wk weathering test, using released sterile flies, traps baited with alpha-ionol + eugenol had catches comparable with catches at traps baited with alpha-ionol + cade oil, with catches generally increased with a higher eugenol loading. For both eugenol and cade oil, catches tended to be better when these synergists were deployed on separate wicks from the alpha-ionol. Eugenol and alpha-ionol, however, were unable to provide attraction comparable with that of cade oil and alpha-ionol in tests with wild fly populations. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - McQuate, Grant T AU - Keum, Young Soo AU - Sylva, Charmaine D AU - Li, Qing X AU - Jang, Eric B AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA. gmcquate@pbarc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 862 EP - 870 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Norisoprenoids KW - 0 KW - Pheromones KW - Plant Extracts KW - insect attractants KW - Eugenol KW - 3T8H1794QW KW - juniper tar KW - 8013-10-3 KW - alpha-ionone KW - I9V075M61R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Synergism KW - Odorants KW - Male KW - Tephritidae -- physiology KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66747880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Active+ingredients+in+cade+oil+that+synergize+attractiveness+of+alpha-ionol+to+male+Bactrocera+latifrons+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29.&rft.au=McQuate%2C+Grant+T%3BKeum%2C+Young+Soo%3BSylva%2C+Charmaine+D%3BLi%2C+Qing+X%3BJang%2C+Eric+B&rft.aulast=McQuate&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=862&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two new bacterial pathogens of Colorado potato beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). AN - 66746075; 15279252 AB - Other than Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, few bacteria are lethal to the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]), a major pest of potatoes and eggplant. Expanded use of biologicals for the control of Colorado potato beetle will improve resistance management, reduce pesticide use, and produce novel compounds for potential use in transgenic plants. Using freeze-dried, rehydrated artificial diet in pellet form to screen bacteria lethal to other insects, we determined that strains of Photorhabdus luminescens killed Colorado potato beetle larvae. The LC50 for second instar larvae of strain HM5-1 was 6.4 +/- 1.87 x 10(7) cells per diet pellet. In an attempt to find additional naturally occurring P. luminescens strains toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae, we recovered, from soil, bacteria that produced a purple pigment. This bacterial strain, identified as Chromobacterium sp. by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, was also toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae within 3 d. The LC50 for second instar larvae for these bacteria was 2.0 +/- 0.79 x 10(8) cells per diet pellet, while the LC50 was approximately 1 log lower for third instar larvae. P. luminescens appeared to kill by means of a protein toxin that may be similar to the described lepidopteran protein toxins. Based on the heat and acid stability, the toxin or toxins that Chromobacterium sp. produces, while not fully characterized, do not appear to be typical proteins. In both bacteria, the toxins are made after exponential growth ceases. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Martin, Phyllis A W AU - Blackburn, Michael AU - Shropshire, Ashaki D S AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. pmartin@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 774 EP - 780 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Larva -- microbiology KW - Beetles -- microbiology KW - Photorhabdus -- physiology KW - Chromobacterium -- pathogenicity KW - Beetles -- growth & development KW - Photorhabdus -- pathogenicity KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Chromobacterium -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66746075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Two+new+bacterial+pathogens+of+Colorado+potato+beetle+Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29.&rft.au=Martin%2C+Phyllis+A+W%3BBlackburn%2C+Michael%3BShropshire%2C+Ashaki+D+S&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Phyllis+A&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=774&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone does not induce mutations in the Salmonella mutagenicity test or intrachromosomal recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AN - 66665941; 15222568 AB - Treatment of foods, such as red meat and poultry, that contain palmitic acid with ionizing radiation leads to the formation of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB), a compound found only in irradiated foods. In this study, the Salmonella mutagenicity test and the yeast DEL assay were used to evaluate the genotoxic potential of 2-DCB. Salmonella Typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 were exposed to 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg per well of 2-DCB, with and without exogenous metabolic activation (5% S9 fraction), using the microtiter plate-based Miniscreen version of the test. 2-DCB did not induce mutations in the Salmonella mutagenicity test. When Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain RS112, which contains a nonfunctional duplication of the his3 gene that can be induced to form a functional HIS3+ gene by intrachromosomal recombination, was exposed to 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/ml of 2-DCB, no increase in the rate of intrachromosomal (DEL) recombination was observed. The absence of genotoxicity observed in this study using purified 2-DCB agrees with the lack of genotoxic and teratogenic activity observed in previously conducted multigeneration feeding studies of laboratory animals (rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits) that used radiation-sterilized poultry that contained 2-DCB as a unique radiolytic product. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Sommers, Christopher H AU - Schiestl, Robert H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. csommers@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 1293 EP - 1298 VL - 67 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Cyclobutanes KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - 2-dodecylcyclobutanone KW - 35493-46-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Gene Conversion KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mutation KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Salmonella -- genetics KW - Cyclobutanes -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Food Irradiation -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66665941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=2-Dodecylcyclobutanone+does+not+induce+mutations+in+the+Salmonella+mutagenicity+test+or+intrachromosomal+recombination+in+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae.&rft.au=Sommers%2C+Christopher+H%3BSchiestl%2C+Robert+H&rft.aulast=Sommers&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Listeria monocytogenes strain H7762 and resistance to simulated gastric fluid following exposure to frankfurter exudate. AN - 66664648; 15222545 AB - Listeria monocytogenes strain H7762, a frankfurter isolate, was tested to determine whether it was able to survive at 4 degrees C in frankfurter pack fluid (exudate) and to determine whether food exposure affects its acid sensitivity. Cultures were sampled and tested for acid sensitivity by challenge with simulated gastric fluid (SGF). SGF challenges performed immediately after inoculation revealed that between 20 and 26% of the cells survived the full 30 min of SGF challenge regardless of whether the cells were inoculated into brain heart infusion broth (BHI) or exudate. After 2 days of incubation, cells exposed to both exudate and BHI had significantly decreased SGF resistance; however, the cells exposed to exudate were significantly more SGF resistant than cells exposed to BHI (after 15 min of SGF treatment, 33% of the exudate-exposed cells survived and 12% of the BHI-exposed cells survived). L. monocytogenes exposed to exudate had greater SGF resistance at all challenge times compared with BHI-exposed cells from day 2 through day 4. From days 8 to 15, exudate-exposed cells continued to have greater SGF resistance than BHI-exposed cells up to 10 min of SGF challenge but were as sensitive as the BHI-exposed cells at 20 to 30 min of challenge. By day 25, cells exposed to exudate were significantly more sensitive to SGF challenge than BHI-exposed cells. The survivor data generated from SGF challenges were modeled by a nonlinear regression analysis to calculate the underlying distribution of SGF resistance found in the challenged populations. These analyses indicated that L. monocytogenes exposed to exudate at 4 degrees C had a broader distribution of resistance to SGF compared with cells exposed to BHI at 4 degrees C. In addition, the mean time of death during SGF treatment was greater after exposure to exudate, indicating that cells exposed to exudate were more resistant to killing by SGF These data suggest that exposure to frankfurter exudate might render L. monocytogenes more able to survive the stomach environment during the initial stages of infection. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Wonderling, Laura D AU - Bayles, Darrell O AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 1170 EP - 1176 VL - 67 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Gastric Acid KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Adaptation, Physiological KW - Time Factors KW - Food Microbiology KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66664648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+strain+H7762+and+resistance+to+simulated+gastric+fluid+following+exposure+to+frankfurter+exudate.&rft.au=Wonderling%2C+Laura+D%3BBayles%2C+Darrell+O&rft.aulast=Wonderling&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aspect Induced Differences in Vegetation, Soil, and Microclimatic Characteristics of an Appalachian Watershed AN - 20714330; 6147748 AB - This study evaluates and quantifies the variation in vegetation, plant nutrients, and microclimate across four topographic aspects in an Appalachian watershed (39 degree 39'43''N, 79 degree 45'28''W). The study found that the north and east aspects were 27-50% more productive than the west and southwest aspects. Species groups that showed strong aspect preference included yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), black cherry (Prunus serotina), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), and white oak (Quercus alba); the former two being dominant on the north and east aspects while the latter two dominate the west and southwest aspects. Red oak (Quercus rubra) and red maple (Acer rubrum) showed mild aspect preference indicating their broad ecological amplitude. Although the north and east aspects had greater biomass, the west and southwest aspects had about 23% more stems per hectare. There were large differences in microclimate among the four aspects. Air temperature during midday period averaged 25.2 degree C, 24.9 degree C, 30.5 degree C, and 29.4 degree C for the north, east, west and southwest aspects respectively. The maximum temperature difference between the mesic (north and east aspects) and xeric (west and southwest aspects) sites was 5.55 degree C and was observed at noon. The relative humidity at the xeric site was about 25% lower than that at the mesic site during midday periods. Plant water stress as measured by vapor pressure difference was about 37% higher on west and southwest aspects than on north and east aspects. Plant nutrients only showed minor differences with concentrations being higher on the north and east aspects except for phosphorus, which was higher on the west and southwest aspects. JF - Castanea AU - Desta, F AU - Colbert, J AU - Rentch, J S AU - Gottschalk, K W AD - United States Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 180 Canfield Street, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 92 EP - 108 PB - Southern Appalachian Botanical Society VL - 69 IS - 2 SN - 0008-7475, 0008-7475 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Relative humidity KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - Quercus prinus KW - Vegetation KW - Nutrients KW - Watersheds KW - Acer rubrum KW - Prunus KW - Soil KW - Vapors KW - Quercus alba KW - Water stress KW - Quercus rubra KW - Microclimate KW - Prunus serotina KW - Castanea KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20714330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Castanea&rft.atitle=Aspect+Induced+Differences+in+Vegetation%2C+Soil%2C+and+Microclimatic+Characteristics+of+an+Appalachian+Watershed&rft.au=Desta%2C+F%3BColbert%2C+J%3BRentch%2C+J+S%3BGottschalk%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Desta&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Castanea&rft.issn=00087475&rft_id=info:doi/10.2179%2F0008-7475%282004%290692.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0008-7475&volume=69&page=92 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus prinus; Quercus rubra; Quercus alba; Liriodendron tulipifera; Prunus serotina; Acer rubrum; Castanea; Prunus; Microclimate; Watersheds; Nutrients; Vegetation; Water stress; Vapors; Soil; Relative humidity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475(2004)069<0092:AIDIVS>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infectivity of Microsporidia Spores Stored in Seawater at Environmental Temperatures AN - 20185840; 6052471 AB - To determine how long spores of Encephalitozoon cuniculi, E. hellem, and E. intestinalis remain viable in seawater at environmental temperatures, culture-derived spores were stored in 10, 20, and 30 ppt artificial seawater at 10 and 20 C. At intervals of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 wk, spores were tested for infectivity in monolayer cultures of Madin Darby bovine kidney cells. Spores of E. hellem appeared the most robust, some remaining infectious in 30 ppt seawater at 10 C for 12 wk and in 30 ppt seawater at 20 C for 2 wk. Those of E. intestinalis were slightly less robust, remaining infectious in 30 ppt seawater at 10 and 20 C for 1 and 2 wk, respectively. Spores of E. cuniculi remained infectious in 10 ppt seawater at 10 and 20 C for 2 wk but not at higher salinities. These findings indicate that the spores of the 3 species of Encephalitozoon vary in their ability to remain viable when exposed to a conservative range of salinities and temperatures found in nature but, based strictly on salinity and temperature, can potentially remain infectious long enough to become widely dispersed in estuarine and coastal waters. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Fayer, R AD - Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 654 EP - 657 PB - American Society of Parasitologists VL - 90 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Encephalitozoon hellem KW - Monomolecular films KW - Cell culture KW - Microbial contamination KW - Public health KW - microsporidia KW - Intestines KW - Marine environment KW - Water salinity KW - Salinity effects KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Storage effects KW - Storage life KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Kidneys KW - Coastal waters KW - Infectivity KW - Sea water KW - Microsporidia KW - Storage conditions KW - Kidney KW - Encephalitozoon cuniculi KW - Environmental conditions KW - Spores KW - Artificial seawater KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q4 27750:Environmental KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08501:General KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20185840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Infectivity+of+Microsporidia+Spores+Stored+in+Seawater+at+Environmental+Temperatures&rft.au=Fayer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fayer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-3395%282004%290902.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage effects; Monomolecular films; Estuaries; Storage life; Kidneys; Microbial contamination; Public health; Sea water; Intestines; Brackishwater environment; Spores; Environmental conditions; Artificial seawater; Temperature effects; microsporidia; Infectivity; Water salinity; Marine environment; Salinity effects; Storage conditions; Kidney; Cell culture; Coastal waters; Microsporidia; Encephalitozoon hellem; Encephalitozoon cuniculi; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-3395(2004)090<0654:IOMSSI>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fenamiphos Losses Under Simulated Rainfall: Plot Size Effects AN - 19939955; 6072621 AB - The purpose of this study was to compare two commonly used runoff experimental methods, which have different scales, on measurements of runoff and associated fenamiphos and metabolite losses over a 2-year period. Methods used were 15 m wide by 43 m long (645 m super(2)) mesoplots and 1.8 m wide by 3 m long (5.4 m super(2)) microplots, under simulated rainfall (25 mm h super(-1) for 2 h) at 1, 14, and 28 d after fenamiphos application. Mesoplots and microplots were established parallel to a 3% slope on a Tifton loamy sand (Plinthic Kandiudult). All plots were planted to corn (Zea mays L.). Target application rate for fenamiphos was 6.7 kg ha super(-1). Runoff totals and maximum rates for meso- and microplots were similar, with approximately 25% of the rainfall running off mesoplots and approximately 28% running off microplots. Runoff totals and maximum rates from meso- and microplots were each positively correlated (R super(2) = 0.89). In both years, fenamiphos lost in runoff decreased with each rainfall event (1, 14, and 28 d after application). The majority of fenamiphos lost in runoff was in the fenamiphos sulfoxide form. Fenamiphos sulfoxide lost over both years from mesoplots ranged from 51% to 93% of the total fenamiphos lost, and loss from microplots ranged from 47% to 100% of the total fenamiphos lost. Runoff from meso- and microplots 1 d after fenamiphos application, a "reasonable worst-case" event, had the greatest fenamiphos losses among events. Total losses of fenamiphos for this event averaged 1.2% (CV = 26%) of applied amount for mesoplots and 1.3% (CV = 47%) of applied amount for microplots. Maximum (seasonal) fenamiphos losses for meso- and microplots were 1.4% of applied for mesoplots and 2.6% of applied for microplots. A positive correlation was obtained between microplots and mesoplots for total losses of fenamiphos + metabolites (R super(2) = 0.88), fenamiphos parent (R super(2) = 0.89), and fenamiphos sulfoxide (R super(2) = 0.81). Relatively poor agreement was found for relatively small losses of fenamiphos sulfone between plot types (R super(2) = 0.34). Microplots and mesoplots yielded statistically similar results in terms of runoff and fenamiphos losses; thus, microplot results can be extrapolated up to larger mesoplot areas under these conditions. This has implications for field-scale management and watershed assessment in the Coastal Plain region of the southeast U.S. in that microplot and rainfall simulation results could be useful as statistically valid input datasets to estimate runoff and associated fenamiphos losses from larger areas. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Truman, C C AU - Johnson, A W AU - Sumner, H R AU - Hook, JE AU - Dowler, C C AU - Chandler, L D AU - Gascho, G J AU - Davis, J G AD - USDA-ARS Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 946, 2316 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31794, USA, don@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 669 EP - 676 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Path of Pollutants KW - Rainfall KW - Agricultural Watersheds KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Simulation KW - Metabolites KW - Watersheds KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Application Rates KW - corn KW - USA KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - loam KW - Zea mays KW - Sand KW - Pesticides KW - plains KW - Seasonal variations KW - Runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19939955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Fenamiphos+Losses+Under+Simulated+Rainfall%3A+Plot+Size+Effects&rft.au=Wauchope%2C+R+D%3BTruman%2C+C+C%3BJohnson%2C+A+W%3BSumner%2C+H+R%3BHook%2C+JE%3BDowler%2C+C+C%3BChandler%2C+L+D%3BGascho%2C+G+J%3BDavis%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Wauchope&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - loam; Sulfur dioxide; Sand; Rainfall; Simulation; plains; Metabolites; Watersheds; Seasonal variations; corn; Path of Pollutants; Agricultural Watersheds; Pesticides; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Simulated Rainfall; Application Rates; Runoff; Zea mays; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hybridization Between Canada Lynx and Bobcats: Genetic Results and Management Implications AN - 19701733; 6485461 AB - Hybridization between taxonomically similar species is an often-overlooked mechanism limiting the recovery of threatened and endangered species. We present molecular genetic data for the first time demonstrating that Canada lynx and bobcats hybridize in the wild. We verify that two microsatellite loci Lc106 and Lc110 have non-overlapping allele ranges between Canada lynx and bobcats, and that three putative lynx from Minnesota contain DNA from both bobcats and lynx. Additionally, we use a published test for the 16S rRNA region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to determine the maternal species; all hybrids had lynx mothers. Fifteen per cent (3/20) of our 'putative lynx' samples were hybrids, although these data are not from a representative sampling effort. Hybridization may be an under-appreciated factor limiting the distribution and recovery of lynx. The presence of hybrids is thus a new factor in the population management of both species with potential implications for hunting and trapping of bobcats. JF - Conservation Genetics AU - Schwartz, Michael K AU - Pilgrim, Kristine L AU - McKelvey, Kevin S AU - Lindquist, Edward L AU - Claar, James J AU - Loch, Steve AU - Ruggiero, Leonard F AD - USDA/USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA; fax: Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 349 EP - 355 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany, [mailto:subscriptions@springer.de], [URL:http://www.springer.de/] VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1566-0621, 1566-0621 KW - Bobcat KW - Canadian Lynx KW - Lynxes KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Microsatellites KW - USA, Minnesota KW - mitochondrial DNA KW - Lynx KW - Mitochondrial DNA KW - hybrids KW - conservation genetics KW - Canada KW - Hybrids KW - hunting KW - DNA KW - Lynx canadensis KW - Endangered species KW - Sampling KW - Hunting KW - rRNA 16S KW - Conservation genetics KW - Lynx rufus KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - G 07405:Carnivora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19701733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Genetics&rft.atitle=Hybridization+Between+Canada+Lynx+and+Bobcats%3A+Genetic+Results+and+Management+Implications&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Michael+K%3BPilgrim%2C+Kristine+L%3BMcKelvey%2C+Kevin+S%3BLindquist%2C+Edward+L%3BClaar%2C+James+J%3BLoch%2C+Steve%3BRuggiero%2C+Leonard+F&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Genetics&rft.issn=15660621&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ACOGE.0000031141.47148.8b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mitochondrial DNA; Hybrids; Microsatellites; Endangered species; Sampling; Hunting; Conservation genetics; rRNA 16S; conservation genetics; hybrids; DNA; hunting; mitochondrial DNA; Lynx; Lynx canadensis; Lynx rufus; Canada; USA, Minnesota DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:COGE.0000031141.47148.8b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DIETS OF SYMPATRIC POPULATIONS OF AMERICAN MARTENS (MARTES AMERICANA) AND FISHERS (MARTES PENNANTI) IN CALIFORNIA AN - 19336122; 8697110 AB - American martens (Martes americana) and fishers (M. pennanti) occur together in mixed-conifer forests of the southern Sierra Nevada. We studied their diets in the area of sympatry by examining their feces and comparing diet diversity and overlap. Diets of both species were more diverse than previously reported in North America. Although the diet of fishers appeared to include more remains of birds, lizards, hypogeous fungi, and insects than that of martens, the rank contribution of prey items to the diets did not differ and the Pianka index of dietary overlap was high. The great diversity of diets of fishers and martens may be due to the absence or rarity of large prey (e.g., snowshoe hares [Lepus americanus] and porcupines [Erethizon dorsatum]) or to a greater diversity of available prey types in the southern Sierra Nevada compared to other study sites for Martes in North America. The high degree of overlap in diets is surprising given the body size differences between martens and fishers, previously described differences in their diets, and similar use of other niche dimensions. The similarity is probably due, in part, to the relatively large pool of diverse and available resources that are exploited by both species by using similar modes of foraging. In addition, our sample of martens was drawn from the lowest margin of their elevational range in the southern Sierra; a more comprehensive survey of the diets of martens at higher elevations may yield different results. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Zielinski, William J AU - Duncan, Neil P AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, Arcata, CA 95521, USA (WJZ), bzielinski@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 470 EP - 477 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - food habits KW - Martes americana KW - Martes pennanti KW - Sierra Nevada KW - diet KW - feces KW - fisher KW - foraging KW - marten KW - Diets KW - Martes KW - Erethizon dorsatum KW - Niches KW - Sympatric populations KW - Fungi KW - Forests KW - Sympatry KW - Lacertilia KW - Body size KW - Feces KW - Lepus americanus KW - Prey KW - K 03410:Animal Diseases KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19336122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=DIETS+OF+SYMPATRIC+POPULATIONS+OF+AMERICAN+MARTENS+%28MARTES+AMERICANA%29+AND+FISHERS+%28MARTES+PENNANTI%29+IN+CALIFORNIA&rft.au=Zielinski%2C+William+J%3BDuncan%2C+Neil+P&rft.aulast=Zielinski&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1644%2F1545-1542%282004%290852.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Fungi; Sympatric populations; Niches; Body size; Forests; Sympatry; Feces; Prey; Martes pennanti; Martes; Erethizon dorsatum; Lacertilia; Martes americana; Lepus americanus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0470:DOSPOA>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of microbial antagonists and a ryegrass rotation on Rhizoctonia disease of potato AN - 18064714; 5993556 AB - Rhizoctonia disease of potato is a persistent problem in Maine. Sustainable management practices, including biocontrol and effective crop rotations, were investigated. Efficacy of twenty-eight potential antagonists and several crop rotations were tested in greenhouse trials. Field experiments were conducted to determine if biocontrol could be enhanced within effective rotations. In greenhouse trials, some organisms successfully reduced stem canker or black scurf, but none consistently controlled both aspects of this disease. Ryegrass rotations reduced stem canker compared to potato or clover rotations. In field experiments, the barley/ryegrass rotation increased yield and reduced stem canker severity relative to the potato rotation at 1 of 2 locations. Biocontrol treatments increased marketable yield at 1 location, and, although variable, black scurf control was greatest within barley rotations at the other location. This approach demonstrates that microbial antagonists and effective crop rotations can potentially increase yield and suppress Rhizoclonia disease of potato. JF - Phytopathology AU - Brewer, M T AU - Larkin, R P AD - USDA-ARS New England Plant, Soil, and Water Laboratory, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Potato KW - Rhizoctonia disease KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0004-NEA KW - Biological control KW - Crop rotation KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Disease control KW - Stem canker KW - Black scurf KW - Field trials KW - Antagonists KW - Greenhouses KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18064714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+microbial+antagonists+and+a+ryegrass+rotation+on+Rhizoctonia+disease+of+potato&rft.au=Brewer%2C+M+T%3BLarkin%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Brewer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crop rotation; Biological control; Disease control; Stem canker; Field trials; Black scurf; Antagonists; Greenhouses; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungicide management of fruit diseases of strawberry in Louisiana and Mississippi AN - 18057777; 5993585 AB - Fungicide studies were conducted at Hammond, LA and Poplarville, MS during the 2002 and 2003 fruiting seasons. Ten (MS) or 13 (LA) fungicide treatments were applied at 7-10 day intervals to the strawberry cullivars, Camarosa (LA), Chandler (MS) and Pelican (MS). Berry diseases were identified and counted at harvest. The amount of fruit diseases, particularly anthracnose and gray mold, was low. Stem-end rot caused by Gnomonia comari was prevalent and was controlled by the combination fungicides, Elevate + Captan, Pristine, and Switch. Gray mold incidence was reduced by Scala, Elevate + Captan, Pristine, Switch, boscalid, and Elevate. In at least two of the four trials, the number of berries with diseases symptoms was lowest on plots treated with Pristine, Switch, Cabrio, Captevate, Captan, and Quadris. JF - Phytopathology AU - Smith, B J AU - Constantin, R J AU - Quebedeaux, J P AU - Wedge, DE AD - USDA-ARS, Poplarville, MS 39470 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Strawberry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - P-2004-0050-SOA KW - Fruits KW - Gnomonia comari KW - Fungicides KW - USA, Louisiana KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Disease control KW - Stem rot KW - Fragaria KW - Grey mold KW - Anthracnose KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18057777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Fungicide+management+of+fruit+diseases+of+strawberry+in+Louisiana+and+Mississippi&rft.au=Smith%2C+B+J%3BConstantin%2C+R+J%3BQuebedeaux%2C+J+P%3BWedge%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fruits; Fungicides; Disease control; Stem rot; Grey mold; Anthracnose; Gnomonia comari; Fragaria; USA, Mississippi; USA, Louisiana ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular detection of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death in California, and two additional species commonly recovered from diseased plant material AN - 18056449; 6007713 AB - Sudden oak death is a disease currently devastating forest ecosystems in several coastal areas of California. The pathogen causing this is Phytophthora ramorum, although species such as P. nemorosa and P. pseudosyringae often are recovered from symptomatic plants as well. A molecular marker system was developed based on mitochondrial sequences of the coxI and II genes for detection of Phytophthora spp. in general, and P. ramorum, P. nemorosa, and P. pseudosyringae in particular. The first-round multiplex amplification contained two primer pairs, one for amplification of plant sequences to serve as an internal control to ensure that extracted DNA was of sufficient quality to allow for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and the other specific for amplification of sequences from Phytophthora spp. The plant primers amplified the desired amplicon size in the 29 plant species tested and did not interfere with amplification by the Phytophthora genus-specific primer pair. Using DNA from purified cultures, the Phytophthora genus-specific primer pair amplified a fragment diagnostic for the genus from all 45 Phytophthora spp. evaluated, although the efficiency of amplification was lower for P. lateralis and P. sojae than for the other species. The genus-specific primer pair did not amplify sequences from the 30 Pythium spp. tested or from 29 plant species, although occasional faint bands were observed for several additional plant species. With the exception of one plant species, the resulting amplicons were smaller than the Phytophthora genus-specific amplicon. The products of the first-round amplification were diluted and amplified with primer pairs nested within the genus-specific amplicon that were specific for either P. ramorum, P. nemorosa, or P. pseudosyringae. These species-specific primers amplified the target sequence from all isolates of the pathogens under evaluation; for P. ramorum, this included 24 isolates from California, Germany, and the Netherlands. Using purified pathogen DNA, the limit of detection for P. ramorum using this marker system was approximately 2.0 fg of total DNA. However, when this DNA was spiked with DNA from healthy plant tissue extracted with a commercial miniprep procedure, the sensitivity of detection was reduced by 100- to 1,000-fold, depending on the plant species. This marker system was validated with DNA extracted from naturally infected plant samples collected from the field by comparing the sequence of the Phytophthora genus-specific amplicon, morphological identification of cultures re-covered from the same lesions and, for P. ramorum, amplification with a previously published rDNA internal transcribed spacer species-specific primer pair. Results were compared and validated with three different brands of thermal cyclers in two different laboratories to provide information about how the described PCR assay performs under different laboratory conditions. The specificity of the Phytophthora genus-specific primers suggests that they will have utility for pathogen detection in other Phytophthora pathosystems. JF - Phytopathology AU - Martin, F N AU - Tooley, P W AU - Blomquist, C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 1636 East Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA, fmartin@pw.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 621 EP - 631 VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Phytophthora nemorosa KW - COX2 gene KW - Phytophthora ramorum KW - Plant diseases KW - coxII gene KW - Genotyping KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Phytophthora pseudosyringae KW - COXI gene KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18056449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Molecular+detection+of+Phytophthora+ramorum%2C+the+causal+agent+of+sudden+oak+death+in+California%2C+and+two+additional+species+commonly+recovered+from+diseased+plant+material&rft.au=Martin%2C+F+N%3BTooley%2C+P+W%3BBlomquist%2C+C&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - COX2 gene; Plant diseases; coxII gene; Genotyping; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; COXI gene; Phytophthora nemorosa; Phytophthora ramorum; Phytophthora pseudosyringae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-Term Effects of Reclamation Treatments on Plant Succession in Iceland AN - 18053897; 5947655 AB - The long-term effects (20-45 years) of reclamation treatments on plant succession are examined at two localities in Iceland that were fertilized and seeded from 1954 to 1979 with perennial grasses or annual grasses, or left untreated. The areas that underwent reclamation treatments had significantly higher total plant cover (7-100%) than the untreated control plots (<5%), and floristic composition was usually significantly different between treated and untreated plots. Dwarf-shrubs (Calluna vulgaris and Empetrum nigrum), bryophytes, biological soil crust, grasses, and shrubs characterized the vegetation in the treated plots, but low-growing herbs that have negligible effects on the environment, such as Cardaminopsis petraea and Minuartia rubella, and grasses characterized the control plots. The seeded grass species had declined (<10%, the perennials) or disappeared (the annuals) but acted as nurse species that facilitated the colonization of native plants. It seems that by seeding, some factors that limit plant colonization were overcome. Soil nutrients, vegetation cover, litter, and biological soil crust were greater in the treated areas than the control plots. This may have enhanced colonization through an increase in soil stability and fertility, increased availability of safe microsites, increased moisture, and the capture of wind-blown seeds. This study demonstrates the importance of looking at the long-term effects of reclamation treatments to understand their impact on vegetation succession. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Gretarsdottir, J AU - Aradottir, AL AU - Vandvik, V AU - Heegaard, E AU - Birks, HJ AD - Soil Conservation Service of Iceland, Gunnarsholt, 851 Hella, Iceland. Present address: Agricultural Research Institute (RALA), Keldnaholt, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland., jarngerdur@rala.is Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 268 EP - 278 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Bryophytes KW - Grasses KW - Heather KW - Hornworts KW - Mosses KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Microhabitats KW - Freshwater KW - Succession KW - Environmental factors KW - Bryophyta KW - Restoration KW - Vegetation cover KW - Colonization KW - Fertilization KW - Fertilizers KW - Ecological succession KW - Soils KW - Ecosystem management KW - Plant populations KW - Seeds KW - Calluna vulgaris KW - Empetrum nigrum KW - Water content KW - Leaf litter KW - Community composition KW - Long-term changes KW - Poaceae KW - Plants KW - Environmental restoration KW - Iceland KW - Environment management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18053897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Long-Term+Effects+of+Reclamation+Treatments+on+Plant+Succession+in+Iceland&rft.au=Gretarsdottir%2C+J%3BAradottir%2C+AL%3BVandvik%2C+V%3BHeegaard%2C+E%3BBirks%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Gretarsdottir&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1061-2971.2004.00371.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seeds; Microhabitats; Water content; Environmental factors; Restoration; Leaf litter; Colonization; Vegetation cover; Community composition; Fertilizers; Ecological succession; Long-term changes; Soils; Ecosystem management; Plant populations; Environment management; Fertilization; Plants; Environmental restoration; Succession; Poaceae; Calluna vulgaris; Empetrum nigrum; Bryophyta; Iceland; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00371.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multiyear synthesis of soil respiration responses to elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) from four forest FACE experiments AN - 18052332; 5947824 AB - The rapidly rising concentration of atmospheric CO sub(2) has the potential to alter forest and global carbon cycles by altering important processes that occur in soil. Forest soils contain the largest and longest lived carbon pools in terrestrial ecosystems and are therefore extremely important to the land-atmosphere exchange of carbon and future climate. Soil respiration is a sensitive integrator of many soil processes that control carbon storage in soil, and is therefore a good metric of changes to soil carbon cycling. Here, we summarize soil respiration data from four forest free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiments in developing and established forests that have been exposed to elevated atmospheric [CO sub(2)] (168 mu L L super(-1) average enrichment) for 2-6 years. The sites have similar experimental design and use similar methodology (closed-path infrared gas analyzers) to measure soil respiration, but differ in species composition of the respective forest communities. We found that elevated atmospheric [CO sub(2)] stimulated soil respiration at all sites, and this response persisted for up to 6 years. Young developing stands experienced greater stimulation than did more established stands, increasing 39% and 16%, respectively, averaged over all years and communities. Further, at sites that had more than one community, we found that species composition of the dominant trees was a major controller of the absolute soil CO sub(2) efflux and the degree of stimulation from CO sub(2) enrichment. Interestingly, we found that the temperature sensitivity of bulk soil respiration appeared to be unaffected by elevated atmospheric CO sub(2). These findings suggest that stage of stand development and species composition should be explicitly accounted for when extrapolating results from elevated CO sub(2) experiments or modeling forest and global carbon cycles. JF - Global Change Biology AU - King, J S AU - Hanson, P J AU - Bernhardt, E AU - Deangelis, P AU - Norby, R J AU - Pregitzer, K S AD - School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA, Department of Forest Environment and Resources, University of Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy, North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Houghton, MI 49931, USA, jsking@mtu.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 1027 EP - 1042 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04600:Soil KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18052332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=A+multiyear+synthesis+of+soil+respiration+responses+to+elevated+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+from+four+forest+FACE+experiments&rft.au=King%2C+J+S%3BHanson%2C+P+J%3BBernhardt%2C+E%3BDeangelis%2C+P%3BNorby%2C+R+J%3BPregitzer%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2003.00789.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00789.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of loblolly pines measured 14 years after screening for fusiform rust resistance AN - 18051981; 5993591 AB - Assessing rust resistance and growth of loblolly pine indicates that many progeny selected for resistance to fusiform rust exhibit reduced growth after 14 years in the field on a site with low rust incidence. Fifty different crosses of loblolly pines with rust resistance (Pinus taeda L.) were planted in Louisiana to evaluate diameter growth. Selection of crosses for outplanting was done by screening nine-month-old rust-inoculated seedlings for symptoms without galls. Crosses with lowest incidence of fusiform rust after 9 months had the smallest diameters after 14 years. Diameters ranged from 2.1 to 11.9 inches with a mean of 8.2 inches for the 50 crosses. Large diameters occurred in the susceptible open pollinated check. If crosses that are highly resistant to fusiform rust are planted where rust incidence is low, such as on this site, a significant reduction in wood production can result. Crosses from parent 209 in this study are excellent examples of resistant crosses with reduced diameter growth in the test plantation. Discretion in family selection should be used in planning for optimum wood harvest. JF - Phytopathology AU - Walkinshaw, CH AD - USDA Forest Service, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Fusiform rust KW - Loblolly pine KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0060-SOA KW - Hybrids KW - Production KW - Pinus taeda KW - Plant breeding KW - Wood KW - Disease resistance KW - Rust KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18051981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Growth+of+loblolly+pines+measured+14+years+after+screening+for+fusiform+rust+resistance&rft.au=Walkinshaw%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Walkinshaw&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Production; Hybrids; Plant breeding; Wood; Disease resistance; Rust; Pinus taeda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymorphic microsatellite loci in Eurytoma brunniventris , a generalist parasitoid in oak cynipid galls AN - 18051800; 5948210 AB - Eurytoma brunniventris is a parasitic wasp with a wide range of host species. We have developed primers for nine polymorphic microsatellite loci to allow examination of intraspecific population subdivision associated with two aspects of the biology of their hosts: host species (oak gallwasps) and the tree on which the gallwasp develops (different oak species). All nine loci amplified well across individuals collected from a range of gallwasp species and across two oak taxa. These microsatellite loci are potentially of value in the study of closely related economic pests such as seed predators of almonds (E. amygdali) and pistachios (E. plotnikovi). JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Hale, M L AU - Acs, Z AU - Stone, G N AD - School of Biology, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK, Systematic Parasitoid Laboratory, Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Service of Vas County, Kelcz-Adelffy St. 6, Koeszeg 9730, Hungary, Edinburgh University Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK, m.l.hale@ncl.ac.uk Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 197 EP - 199 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Eurytomids KW - Jointworms KW - Seed chalcids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Eurytoma brunniventris KW - Eurytoma plotnikovi KW - Galls KW - Population genetics KW - Microsatellites KW - Ecological genetics KW - Eurytomidae KW - Eurytoma amygdali KW - Population structure KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18051800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Polymorphic+microsatellite+loci+in+Eurytoma+brunniventris+%2C+a+generalist+parasitoid+in+oak+cynipid+galls&rft.au=Hale%2C+M+L%3BAcs%2C+Z%3BStone%2C+G+N&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1471-8286.2004.00612.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eurytoma plotnikovi; Eurytomidae; Eurytoma amygdali; Eurytoma brunniventris; Microsatellites; Galls; Population structure; Population genetics; Ecological genetics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00612.x ER - TY - CONF T1 - Susceptibility of southern highbush blueberry cultivars to Botryosphaeria stem blight AN - 18051756; 5993466 AB - Stem blight, caused by the fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea, is a destructive disease of rabbiteye and highbush blueberries in the southeastern United States. The susceptibility of 20 southern highbush, two rabbiteye, and two highbush cultivars were compared using a detached stem assay. Fresh isolates of B. dothidea obtained from infected southern highbush blueberry plants were used as inoculum. Succulent, partially-hardened stems were surface disinfected, wounded by scraping away a section of bark, and inoculated by covering the wound with a mycelial agar block of B. dothedia and securing with parafilm wrap. The base of each stem was inserted into moistened, sterilized sand in a 150 times 25 mm tissue culture tube and incubated at 25 degree C, 100% RH for 30 days. Lesion length was measured after 15 days incubation. Cultivars with the shortest mean lesion length were classified as apparently resistant and included Pearl River, Emerald, Star, Sharpblue, Elliott, Misty, Bluecrisp, Darrow, Southmoon, Ozarkhlue, Sapphire, and Brightwell. Cultivars with the longest lesions were classified as apparently susceptible and included Legacy, Gulf Coast, Cooper, Georgiagem, O'Neal, Reveille, Jubilee, and Magnolia. Tifblue, Windsor, Biloxi and Santa Fe were classified as tolerant. JF - Phytopathology AU - Smith, B J Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Highbush blueberry KW - Blueberries KW - Cranberries KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0032-SOA KW - Botryosphaeria dothidea KW - Vaccinium KW - Stems KW - Stem blight KW - Bioassays KW - Classification KW - Cultivars KW - Lesions KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18051756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+southern+highbush+blueberry+cultivars+to+Botryosphaeria+stem+blight&rft.au=Smith%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water relations in grassland and desert ecosystems exposed to elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) AN - 18047455; 6017951 AB - Atmospheric CO sub(2) enrichment may stimulate plant growth directly through (1) enhanced photosynthesis or indirectly, through (2) reduced plant water consumption and hence slower soil moisture depletion, or the combination of both. Herein we describe gas exchange, plant biomass and species responses of five native or semi-native temperate and Mediterranean grasslands and three semi-arid systems to CO sub(2) enrichment, with an emphasis on water relations. Increasing CO sub(2) led to decreased leaf conductance for water vapor, improved plant water status, altered seasonal evapotranspiration dynamics, and in most cases, periodic increases in soil water content. The extent, timing and duration of these responses varied among ecosystems, species and years. Across the grasslands of the Kansas tallgrass prairie, Colorado shortgrass steppe and Swiss calcareous grassland, increases in aboveground biomass from CO sub(2) enrichment were relatively greater in dry years. In contrast, CO sub(2)-induced aboveground biomass increases in the Texas C sub(3)/C sub(4) grassland and the New Zealand pasture seemed little or only marginally influenced by yearly variation in soil water, while plant growth in the Mojave Desert was stimulated by CO sub(2) in a relatively wet year. Mediterranean grasslands sometimes failed to respond to CO sub(2)-related increased late-season water, whereas semiarid Negev grassland assemblages profited. Vegetative and reproductive responses to CO sub(2) were highly varied among species and ecosystems, and did not generally follow any predictable pattern in regard to functional groups. Results suggest that the indirect effects of CO sub(2) on plant and soil water relations may contribute substantially to experimentally induced CO sub(2)-effects, and also reflect local humidity conditions. For landscape scale predictions, this analysis calls for a clear distinction between biomass responses due to direct CO sub(2) effects on photosynthesis and those indirect CO sub(2) effects via soil moisture as documented here. JF - Oecologia AU - Morgan, JA AU - Pataki, DE AU - Koerner, C AU - Clark, H AU - Grosso, Del, SJ AU - Gruenzweig, J M AU - Knapp, A K AU - Mosier, A R AU - Newton, P C AU - Niklaus, P A AU - Nippert, J B AU - Nowak, R S AU - Parton, W J AU - Polley, H W AU - Shaw, M R AD - Rangeland Resources Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1701 Centre Ave., 80526, Fort Collins, CO, USA, Jack.Morgan@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 11 EP - 25 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 140 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Gas exchange KW - Grasslands KW - Growth KW - USA, Colorado KW - Water relations KW - Deserts KW - USA, Kansas KW - Biomass KW - New Zealand KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18047455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Water+relations+in+grassland+and+desert+ecosystems+exposed+to+elevated+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29&rft.au=Morgan%2C+JA%3BPataki%2C+DE%3BKoerner%2C+C%3BClark%2C+H%3BGrosso%2C+Del%2C+SJ%3BGruenzweig%2C+J+M%3BKnapp%2C+A+K%3BMosier%2C+A+R%3BNewton%2C+P+C%3BNiklaus%2C+P+A%3BNippert%2C+J+B%3BNowak%2C+R+S%3BParton%2C+W+J%3BPolley%2C+H+W%3BShaw%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00442-004-1550-2 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00442/bibs/4140001/41400011.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Kansas; USA, Colorado; New Zealand; Water relations; Grasslands; Deserts; Growth; Gas exchange; Biomass DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1550-2 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Role and use of arbuscular mycorrhizae in root disease management AN - 18046527; 5993387 AB - Soilborne pathogens causing root diseases must compete, prior to penetration of root tissue, with rhizosphere soil bacteria, actinomycetes, fauna, and fungi, including those that form mycorrhizae. Mycorrhiza formation causes physiological changes and direct or indirect rhizosphere microbial shifts that can affect the behavior of pathogens. Some reports indicate that mycorrhizae can induce some increased resistance in tissues, but a more likely explanation for root disease reduction is increased microbial antagonism in the mycorrhizosphere. Time to establish the symbiotic relationship before pathogen ingress is required for disease suppression to occur, and the background soil or growth medium must have sufficient antagonists to increase in association with mycorrhizae. Organic amendments, such as composts, could increase the level of antagonists in the background soil. However, inoculation of transplants with AM fungi and antagonistic associates prior to field planting could also result in sufficient antagonism to suppress root pathogens. JF - Phytopathology AU - Linderman, R G Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0047-SSA KW - Plant diseases KW - Rhizosphere KW - Disease control KW - Roots KW - Antagonism KW - Soil-borne diseases KW - arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - A 01047:General KW - A 01030:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18046527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Role+and+use+of+arbuscular+mycorrhizae+in+root+disease+management&rft.au=Linderman%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Linderman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evaluating the potential utility of partial resistance to Bremia lactucae from the lettuce cultivars 'Grand Rapids' and 'Iceberg' AN - 18044603; 5992871 AB - Single dominant Dm genes that confer race-specific resistance to downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) have historically had short effective life spans once deployed in lettuce cultivars. Partial or 'field resistance' (FR) has been investigated as an alternative and possibly more durable host resistance strategy. Most studies of FR, including ongoing mapping efforts, have focused on the cultivar 'Iceberg'. We sought to evaluate the utility of the cultivar 'Grand Rapids' as a source of FR, particularly in comparison to 'Iceberg'. Field trials were conducted in the Salinas Valley of California over a three-year period to examine responses of both cultivars to endemic populations of B. lactucae. Both cultivars remained nearly free of symptoms, with a level of resistance comparable to cultivars with effective Dm genes. Both FR cultivars were crossed with susceptible cultivars and evaluated for response to B. lactucae. Susceptibility of F1 progeny established that FR was recessive, and similar segregation of FR in F2 and other populations suggested similar inheritance for both cultivars. A large proportion of 'Grand Rapids' times 'Iceberg' F2:4 families were susceptible, implying that FR genes in the two cultivars were not allelic. Based on the susceptibility of cultivars with known genes in field experiments as well as on seedling screens using characterized isolates, FR from Grand Rapids could not be attributed to any known Dm genes. Our results suggest that 'Grand Rapids' may be useful as a source of one or more novel B. lactucae resistance genes. JF - Phytopathology AU - Grube, R C Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Lettuce KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0241-AMA KW - Bremia lactucae KW - ^ADm gene KW - Plant diseases KW - Dm gene KW - Disease resistance KW - Downy mildew KW - Inheritance KW - Lactuca sativa KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18044603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+potential+utility+of+partial+resistance+to+Bremia+lactucae+from+the+lettuce+cultivars+%27Grand+Rapids%27+and+%27Iceberg%27&rft.au=Grube%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Grube&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot and increased recovery of NOS+ Streptomyces spp. in rapeseed meal amended soils AN - 18044026; 5992773 AB - Rapeseed seed meal (RSM) amendment to orchard soils suppressed apple root infection by R. solum AG-5, and resulted in significantly higher populations of Streptomyces spp. In soil and recovered from apple roots. Although a preponderance of Streptomyces spp. Resident to treated soils inhibited in vitro growth of R. solani, the vast majority resident to the rhizosphere were not antagonistic toward the pathogen and RSM amendment did not deter saprophytic growth of R. solani. Preliminary results from split-root studies indicate that seedlings planted in RSM-amended soil display heightened systemic resistance against R. solani. A large proportion of Streptomyces spp. Recovered from the apple rhizosphere produced nitric oxide (NO) via NO synthase and production of nitrogen oxides by bacterial nitrification was greater than 100-fold higher in RSM-amended soils than control or glucose-amended soils. Based on known roles of NO in plant defense mechanisms and the long-term nature of Streptomyces root colonization we have observed in the field, we hypothesize functions for NO in RSM-mediated disease suppression. JF - Phytopathology AU - Cohen, M F AU - Yamasaki, H AU - Mazzola, M Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - P-2004-0128-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Rhizosphere KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Disease resistance KW - Soil amendment KW - Root rot KW - Nitric-oxide synthase KW - Streptomyces KW - Nitric oxide KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18044026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+Rhizoctonia+root+rot+and+increased+recovery+of+NOS%2B+Streptomyces+spp.+in+rapeseed+meal+amended+soils&rft.au=Cohen%2C+M+F%3BYamasaki%2C+H%3BMazzola%2C+M&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Streptomyces strain variation and differences in inoculum density contribute to the severity of potato common scab AN - 18041778; 5993300 AB - Common scab, caused by a complex of Streptomyces species, is an important potato disease that also affects other root and tuber crops worldwide. The basis for differences in scab severity observed in different years or different fields is poorly understood. Severity of scab lesions and other disease phenotypes caused by isolates of Streptomyces were examined in radish and potato. Disease severity differed when plants were grown in soil inoculated at initial inoculum densities over a range of 5 logs. Pathogen inoculum density was a primary determinant of disease severity on radish, including both lesions type and phytotoxicity to seedlings and older plants. Individual isolates differed in the inoculum concentration range at which disease symptoms became more severe, indicating that isolates differ in aggressiveness. Isolates differing in aggressiveness on radish also produced differences in disease symptoms on two potato cultivars. The ranking of aggressiveness was not always the same between radish and potato, or between potato cultivars. Disease symptoms were not limited to scabby lesions on potato tubers but also included plant stunting, wilting, necrosis and death, reduction in root biomass, reddish-brown lesions on underground portions of the stem, elongating stolons, and roots. Differences in densities of the population of scab-causing streptomycetes in the soil as well as differences in aggressiveness seem likely to contribute to differences in incidence and severity of scab seen in the field. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wanner, LA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Potato KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0734-AMA KW - Host specificity KW - Plant diseases KW - Virulence KW - Soil KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Streptomyces KW - Inoculum KW - Scab KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18041778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Streptomyces+strain+variation+and+differences+in+inoculum+density+contribute+to+the+severity+of+potato+common+scab&rft.au=Wanner%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Wanner&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Persistence of Phytophthora ramorum in nursery plants and soil AN - 18041620; 5993232 AB - Phytophthora ramorum causes cankers, dieback, and foliar symptoms on a number of hosts, but its behavior in soil has not been well examined. When Rhododendron 'Cunningham's White' were inoculated with a sporangial suspension (approx. 2,500 sporangia/mL) on foliage, incubated in a dew chamber for 3 days, then kept in the greenhouse at 20-24 degree C, tissue taken weekly from the edge of lesions gave rise to colonics of P. ramorum on selective medium for at least 90 days. When leaf tissue containing chlamydospores was buried in mesh bags in pots containing nursery stock, incubated in the greenhouse and sampled monthly, chlamydospores formed colonies on selective media for at least 155 days after burial. When mycelium that included chlamydospores (grown in rye seed/water culture) was buried in a similar fashion and sampled monthly, chlamydospores also formed colonies for at least 155 days. When roots of rhododendron were dipped in a sporangial suspension (approx. 2,500 sporangia/mL) and then planted in coarse soilless medium, P. ramorum could be isolated from washed or 0.5% sodium hypochlorite surface-sterilized roots 10-66 days later. These results indicate that P. ramorum may persist in nursery container media. JF - Phytopathology AU - Shishkoff, N AU - Tooley, P Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0649-AMA KW - Persistence KW - Roots KW - Mycelia KW - Soil KW - Phytophthora ramorum KW - Chlamydospores KW - Plants KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18041620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Persistence+of+Phytophthora+ramorum+in+nursery+plants+and+soil&rft.au=Shishkoff%2C+N%3BTooley%2C+P&rft.aulast=Shishkoff&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Selection and field evaluation of choline-utilizing microbial strains as potential biocontrol agents of Fusarium head blight AN - 18041542; 5993218 AB - The importance of choline in Fusarium head blight (FHB) development is debatable (Plant Dis. 88; 175-180). Choline in wheat anthers can stimulate growth of conidial germ tubes of Gibberella zeae suggesting that choline-utilizing strains (CUS) may be effective competitors of the pathogen. Because combinations of strains can potentially increase the efficacy and consistency of biocontrol, CUS were sought to combine with efficacious FHB biocontrol strain Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9 (NRRL Y-30216). CUS were identified from a microbial collection obtained from wheat anthers. When choline chloride was supplied as a sole carbon source in liquid culture, 122 CUS were identified out of 738 (16.5%) strains assayed using a colorimetric, choline oxidase-based bioassay. Twelve CUS with FHB biocontrol activity in greenhouse assays were selected for field testing. Four of 12 CUS reduced FHB symptoms at 2 sites on 2 wheat varieties. A Gram-positive bacterial CUS AS 54.6 reduced disease severity by 17-60% on Pioneer 2545. JF - Phytopathology AU - Schisler, DA AU - Khan, NI AU - Boehm, MJ AU - Zhang, S AU - Slininger, P J Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0631-AMA KW - Biological control KW - Fusarium KW - Choline KW - Plant diseases KW - Gibberella zeae KW - Blight KW - Cryptococcus nodaensis KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18041542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Selection+and+field+evaluation+of+choline-utilizing+microbial+strains+as+potential+biocontrol+agents+of+Fusarium+head+blight&rft.au=Schisler%2C+DA%3BKhan%2C+NI%3BBoehm%2C+MJ%3BZhang%2C+S%3BSlininger%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Schisler&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Expanded host and geographic range of Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis AN - 18041153; 5992727 AB - Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis is an emerging pathogen that causes bacterial blight on crucifers in California. In 1995 a bacterial disease of arugula (Eruca sativa) in California was reported to be caused by P. syringae pv. maculicola and a similar disease was observed in New Jersey. Further characterization of pathogens from both locations indicated they were P. syringae pv. alisalensis. REP-PCR banding patterns of the arugula isolates were identical to those of P. syringae pv. alisalensis but distinct from P. syringae pv. maculicola patterns. Additionally, a bacteriophage isolated using P. syringae pv. alisalensis as a host lysed the arugula strains but not P. syringae pv. maculicola strains. Although these data indicate that the pathogens from arugula were P. syringae pv. alisalensis, additional host range studies are in progress to confirm this conclusion. While all the P. syringae pv. alisalensis strains from rappini and broccoli tested to date were positive for ice nucleation, the strains from arugula were negative. These data expand the geographic and host range of P. syringae pv. alisalensis which currently is known to be pathogenic on other crucifers and monocots and indicate that this pathogen is variable for ice nucleation. These data expand the geographic and host range of P. syringae pv. alisalensis which currently is known to be pathogenic on other crucifers and monocots and indicate that this pathogen is variable for ice nucleation. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bull, C T AU - Goldman, PH AU - Morris, N C AU - Koike, ST AU - Kobayashi, D Y Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0077-AMA KW - Geographical distribution KW - Plant diseases KW - Host range KW - Phage typing KW - Genotyping KW - Blight KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - USA, California KW - Eruca sativa KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18041153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Expanded+host+and+geographic+range+of+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+alisalensis&rft.au=Bull%2C+C+T%3BGoldman%2C+PH%3BMorris%2C+N+C%3BKoike%2C+ST%3BKobayashi%2C+D+Y&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Simultaneous identification and quantification of Rhizoctonia solani and R. oryzae from root samples using real-time PCR AN - 18041110; 5993122 AB - In the Pacific Northwest (PNW), Rhizoctonia damping off and root rot of small grain cereals are attributed to Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 and R. oryzae. The former is also associated with bare patch disease of wheat. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of Rhizoctonia indicate that PNW populations of R. oryzae and R. solani are comprised of at least three and four groups, respectively. PNW R. solani isolates, originally thought be of anastomosis group (AG) 8, shared significant ITS sequence identity to members of AG-2-1 and AG-10 in Genbank searches. AG has been correlated with ITS sequence for R. solani associated with bare batch of sugar beets in France. Our data indicate that PNW isolates associated with root rot and bare patch are more diverse than originally thought. We have developed an approach for designing real-time (quantitative) PCR primers that are specific to the ITS DNA of each lineage. The approach involves extensive scrutiny of primer and target sequences for potential PCR artifacts using a battery of sequence analysis software, and optimization of amplification conditions using a 96-sample Q-PCR thermo-cycler. A high throughput method for extraction of Rhizoctonia DNA from pure culture and plant material is being developed. Results of AG testing and primer performance will also be discussed. Our strategy for primer design and analysis can be applied to ITS sequences from any fungal pathogen, and can be extended to DNA sequences from bacterial and viral pathogens. JF - Phytopathology AU - Okubara, P A AU - Paulitz, T C Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0524-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Root rot KW - Rhizoctonia oryzae KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18041110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+identification+and+quantification+of+Rhizoctonia+solani+and+R.+oryzae+from+root+samples+using+real-time+PCR&rft.au=Okubara%2C+P+A%3BPaulitz%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Okubara&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of cover crop decomposition on soil microbial and plant pathogen dynamics AN - 18040263; 5993632 AB - Cover crops are receiving increasing attention for their benefits in improving soil fertility and increasing suppressiveness to soilborne pathogens. Stages of oat-vetch cover crop decomposition were characterized over time in terms of carbon and nitrogen cycling, microbial activity and damping-off pathogen dynamics in organically and conventionally managed soils. Both field and controlled incubation experiments were conducted. Disease incidence and relative growth of Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani were measured in growthchamber assays, in vitro growth tests, and field experiments. Incorporated residues led to immediate significant increases in biomass of microorganisms, microbial activity, and C/N ratios of debris. No significant differences were detected between the conventional and organic farming systems with respect to either relative growth or disease incidence. Total C and N content of debris and NH4-N content explain observed P. aphanidermatum dynamics most consistently. Cover crop decomposition is a very dynamic process and affects the soil microbial community and plant pathogen populations in complex ways. JF - Phytopathology AU - Grunwald, N AD - USDA-ARS Vegetable and Forage Crop Research Unit, Prosser, WA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0046-SSA KW - Plant diseases KW - Carbon/nitrogen ratio KW - Damping-off KW - Cover crops KW - Pathogens KW - Biomass KW - Decomposition KW - Pythium aphanidermatum KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01047:General KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18040263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+cover+crop+decomposition+on+soil+microbial+and+plant+pathogen+dynamics&rft.au=Grunwald%2C+N&rft.aulast=Grunwald&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant diseases; Carbon/nitrogen ratio; Damping-off; Cover crops; Pathogens; Biomass; Decomposition; Soil microorganisms; Pythium aphanidermatum ER - TY - CONF T1 - Temperature effect on sporulation of Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. obtusa, and B. rhodina AN - 18039922; 5993445 AB - Botryosphaeria spp. were grown on autoclaved apple and peach stems with constant moisture at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 degree C to determine the effect of temperature on sporulation. Conidia per pyenidium were counted weekly from 4 to 10 wks alter inoculation. Number of conidia per pyenidium of B. dothidea and B. obtusa had a quadratic response to temperature with maximum sporulation at 24 degree C and 18 degree C, respectively. For B. dothidea and B. obtusa, percent conidia with a septum or dark pigmentation was not affected by temperature and pycnidia were crumpent through the bark typical of their habit in nature. Number of conidia per pyenidium of B. rhodina was significant; however, sporulation was not different between 12, 24, and 30 degree C and between 6, 18, 24, and 30 degree C, so a distinct pattern of significance was not present. In contrast, percent B. rhodina conidia with dark pigmentation and a septum had a quadratic response due to temperature with a maximum at 24 degree C. Mycelia and pycnidia of B. rhodina grew on lop of the bark atypical of their habit in nature. While all three species produced conidia from 6 to 30 degree C, greatest numbers of conidia or conidia with dark pigmentation, which would affect duration conidia remain viable, occurred at 18 to 24 degree C. JF - Phytopathology AU - Copes, W E AU - Hendrix, F F Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - peach KW - apple KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0005-SOA KW - Temperature effects KW - Pigmentation KW - Botryosphaeria rhodina KW - Growth conditions KW - Temperature-sensitive KW - Botryosphaeria obtusa KW - Sporulation KW - Botryosphaeria dothidea KW - Conidia KW - Mycelia KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18039922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Temperature+effect+on+sporulation+of+Botryosphaeria+dothidea%2C+B.+obtusa%2C+and+B.+rhodina&rft.au=Copes%2C+W+E%3BHendrix%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Copes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Transmissibility and genotype analysis of Central California isolates of Citrus tristeza enterovirus AN - 18039868; 5993405 AB - To ascertain the threat posed by Citrus tristeza closterovirus (CTV) in Central California, spread of CTV was monitored from 1997 to 2003 in selected CTV 'hot spots'. In Tulare Co. where CTV eradication stopped in 1996, incidences up to 42% were found with annual spread rates from 1.6 to 3.6%. In Kern Co. where eradication continues, incidence in a plot in a 4-year-old orchard went from 0 to 5% over a 3-year period before infected trees were eradicated. Fifty field isolates were collected and vector transmissibility examined using standardized conditions and 5 to 10 Aphis gossypii per receptor plant. The isolates fell into two broad transmission categories: low (zero to 8%) and moderately high (16 to 64%) which remained consistent for an isolate (e.g. always high or always low). Nearly all isolates characterized had the same genotype as the T30 mild strain from Florida. A few isolates had a nonstandard genotype. Aphid transmission did not result in genotype pattern changes, although some sequence variations did occur with some aphid transmitted sub-isolates. These results show that significant reservoirs of CTV now exist, some isolates are highly aphid transmissible, and the genotype of most local isolates is associated with a mild CTV strain. Efforts are now underway to sequence isolates of high and low transmissibility in an attempt to determine which gene(s) control vector transmission. JF - Phytopathology AU - Yokomi, R K Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0078-SSA KW - Plant diseases KW - Fruit trees KW - Genetic analysis KW - Vectors KW - Genotypes KW - Disease transmission KW - Citrus tristeza closterovirus KW - Aphis gossypii KW - Disease reservoirs KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18039868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Transmissibility+and+genotype+analysis+of+Central+California+isolates+of+Citrus+tristeza+enterovirus&rft.au=Yokomi%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Yokomi&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Spiroplasma kunkelii genome: Insights to a parasitic lifestyle in insects and plants AN - 18039841; 5993378 AB - We are sequencing the 1.6 Mbp genome of the helical, motile, cell wall-less prokaryote, Spiroplasma kunkelii, causal agent of corn stunt disease, to gain insights into its parasitism and pathogenicity in plants and insect vectors. Sequence data are available at http://www.genome.ou.edu/spiro.html. Features of the genome include genes found in the Bacillus/Clostridium group but absent in Mycoplasma; absence of cell wall biosynthesis genes found in the division/cell wall gene cluster of walled bacteria; numerous repeated sequences; and genes encoding adhesins, mobile elements including Spiroplasma virus and plasmids, and predicted macromolecule translocation systems: a See-dependent secretion pathway, a type IV secretion pathway, a twin-arginine pathway, a signal recognition particle-dependent pathway, and an ABC transporter-mediated pathway. The data provide clues to understanding evolutionary genome reduction approaching the minimal set of genes required for parasitism and pathogenicity in insect and plant hosts. JF - Phytopathology AU - Davis, R E AU - Zhao, Y AU - Dally, EL AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Lin, S AU - Roc, B AU - Shao, J AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0027-SSA KW - Genomes KW - Spiroplasma kunkelii KW - Stunt KW - Pathogenicity KW - ABC transporter KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Repeated DNA sequences KW - Genetic code KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18039841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=The+Spiroplasma+kunkelii+genome%3A+Insights+to+a+parasitic+lifestyle+in+insects+and+plants&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+E%3BZhao%2C+Y%3BDally%2C+EL%3BJomantiene%2C+R%3BLin%2C+S%3BRoc%2C+B%3BShao%2C+J&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Stunt; Pathogenicity; ABC transporter; Host-pathogen interactions; Repeated DNA sequences; Genetic code; Spiroplasma kunkelii ER - TY - CONF T1 - Reaching destinations: Secreted proteins and protein translocation pathways in Spiroplasma kunkelii AN - 18039665; 5993340 AB - Spiroplasmas are cell wall-less, helical, and motile bacteria that parasitize insects, ticks, and plants. Under experimental conditions, certain spiroplasmas induce pathology in vertebrate animals. Spiroplasmas are thought to have evolved retrogressively from low G + C gram-positive bacteria and therefore to possess a compact genome with a gene set approaching the minimal complement necessary for cellular life and pathogenesis. The present study focused on the secreted and membrane-localized proteins and protein translocation systems encoded on the genome of Spiroplasma kunkelii, the causative agent of corn stunt disease and the first discovered spiroplasma. A total of 258 predicted proteins contained N-terminal signal peptides and/or membrane sorting signals. Genes encoding these proteins occupy 18% of the coding capacity of the entire genome. Based on the presence of genes encoding components of protein transport machineries and/or of signature motifs embedded in the signal peptides of transported preproteins, we predict the existence of multiple protein translocation pathways in S. kunkelii. These include a Sec-dependent secretion pathway, a type IV secretion pathway, a twin-arginine pathway, a signal recognition particle-dependent pathway, and an ABC transporter-mediated pathway. Since protein translocation is a major factor in pathogenesis, the discoveries from this study open new opportunities for understanding molecular mechanisms of spiroplasma interaction with their eukaryotic host(s). JF - Phytopathology AU - Zhao, Y AU - Liu, Q AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Hammond, R W AU - Davis, R E Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - secretion system (type IV) KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0787-AMA KW - Spiroplasma kunkelii KW - ABC transporter KW - Genotyping KW - Proteins KW - Translocation KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18039665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Reaching+destinations%3A+Secreted+proteins+and+protein+translocation+pathways+in+Spiroplasma+kunkelii&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Y%3BLiu%2C+Q%3BJomantiene%2C+R%3BHammond%2C+R+W%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a luxgfp bioreporter system to determine metabolic activity of an antagonist in fruit wounds AN - 18039036; 5992927 AB - Competition for nutrients has often been implicated as the main mechanism in biological control of postharvest diseases (BCPD) of fruits. High metabolic activity (MA) of the antagonists in fruit wounds (site of pathogen entry) should be essential for rapid removal of the limiting nutrients and for biocontrol to occur. To determine MA of the antagonist Pseudomonas syringae (L-59-66) in apple wounds, we constructed a derivative strain (L-GL-26) containing the luxgfp cassette. Bioluminescence due to expression of the lux cassette in L-GL-26 was proportional to MA of the cells and was easily quantified with a luminometer. Expression of gfp indicated the presence of the antagonist cells but not their MA. MA of the L-GL-26 cells in apple wounds declined greatly 48 h after application, but after the addition of 80 mM asparagine, increased 3-fold within 2 h at 24 degree C. L-GL-26 cells applied to apple wounds after starvation in phosphate buffer for 72 h increased MA more than 100-fold after 2 h at 24 degree C. Our results indicate that this bioreporter system can be used to optimize conditions to maximize MA of the antagonist in apple wounds. JF - Phytopathology AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Bassett, CL AU - Wisniewski, ME AU - Conway, W S AU - Roberts, D P AD - USDA-ARS, AFRS, Kearneysville, WV Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - apple KW - luxgfp gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0307-AMA KW - Biological control KW - Gene expression KW - Fruits KW - Plant diseases KW - Bioluminescence KW - Genetic engineering KW - Malus domestica KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - Antagonists KW - Wounds KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18039036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+luxgfp+bioreporter+system+to+determine+metabolic+activity+of+an+antagonist+in+fruit+wounds&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BBassett%2C+CL%3BWisniewski%2C+ME%3BConway%2C+W+S%3BRoberts%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Biological control; Fruits; Plant diseases; Bioluminescence; Genetic engineering; Antagonists; Wounds; Malus domestica; Pseudomonas syringae ER - TY - CONF T1 - Comparison of late blight suppression by natural products and the impact of genotype diversity on disease development and control AN - 18038582; 5993123 AB - The potential use of natural products for late blight management can promote reduced inputs and enhance sustainability of potato production. The objective of this research was to determine late blight control by non-conventional products on Phytophthora infestans isolates with diverse genotypes and quantify epidemic components under controlled conditions. Growth of isolates of different genotypes was evaluated in petri-dish assays when Rye B media was amended with essential oils (Lavender. Thyme, Thyme Borneal, Oregano); and Serenade (Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713). The percent reduction of in-vitro growth differed significantly among fungal genotypes. Inhibition of in-vitro growth was highest on the 100/1111/122 genotype. The reduction of fungal growth was best achieved when media was amended with Oregano and Serenade. In growth chamber studies, components of epidemic development (incubation & latent periods, lesion size, sporulation capacity, disease severity) incited by diverse fungal genotypes were evaluated on the variety Shepody. Incubation and latent periods ranged from 2-7 and 5-9 days, respectively. Average disease severity, lesion size and numbers were significantly impacted by fungal genotypes and isolates with the 100/111/122 genotype being most virulent. Foliar application of natural products prior to inoculation with isolates of diverse genotypes resulted in variable disease suppression. These results suggest that genotype diversity affect disease development; however, disease suppression was not genotype specific. JF - Phytopathology AU - Olanya, OM AU - Larkin, R P AU - Honeycutt, C W Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Potato KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - P-2004-0525-AMA KW - Biological control KW - Plant diseases KW - Bacillus subtilis KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - Disease control KW - Genotypes KW - Oil KW - Late blight KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18038582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+late+blight+suppression+by+natural+products+and+the+impact+of+genotype+diversity+on+disease+development+and+control&rft.au=Olanya%2C+OM%3BLarkin%2C+R+P%3BHoneycutt%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Olanya&rft.aufirst=OM&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Density of red alder (Alnus rubra) in headwaters influences invertebrate and detritus subsidies to downstream fish habitats in Alaska AN - 18038355; 5927607 AB - We investigated the influence of red alder (Alnus rubra) stand density in upland, riparian forests on invertebrate and detritus transport from fishless headwater streams to downstream, salmonid habitats in southeastern Alaska. Red alder commonly regenerates after soil disturbance (such as from natural landsliding or timber harvesting), and is common along streams in varying densities, but its effect on food delivery from headwater channels to downstream salmonid habitats is not clear. Fluvial transport of invertebrates and detritus was measured at 13 sites in spring, summer and fall during two years (2000-2001). The 13 streams encompassed a riparian red alder density gradient (1-82% canopy cover or 0-53% basal area) growing amongst young-growth conifer (45-yr-old stands that regenerated after forest clearcutting). Sites with more riparian red alder exported significantly more invertebrates than did sites with little alder (mean range across 1-82% alder gradient was about 1-4 invertebrates m super(-3) water, and 0.1-1 mg invertebrates m super(-3) water, respectively). Three-quarters of the invertebrates were of aquatic origin; the remainder was of terrestrial origin. Aquatic taxa were positively related to the alder density gradient, while terrestrially-derived taxa were not. Streams with more riparian alder also exported significantly more detritus than streams with less alder (mean range across 1-82% alder gradient was 0.01-0.06 g detritus m super(-3) water). Based on these data, we predict that headwater streams with more riparian alder will provide more invertebrates and support more downstream fish biomass than those basins with little or no riparian alder, provided these downstream food webs fully utilize this resource subsidy. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Wipfli AU - Musslewhite, J AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801-8545, U.S.A. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 153 EP - 163 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 520 IS - 1-3 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Red alder KW - Salmonids KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Rivers KW - Food KW - Detrital deposits KW - Population density KW - Forests KW - Freshwater KW - Biomass KW - Habitat KW - Streams KW - Nutrient cycles KW - Conifers KW - Soil KW - Density gradients KW - Alnus rubra KW - Invertebrata KW - Canopies KW - Disturbance KW - Salmonidae KW - Biotic factors KW - Detritus KW - Food webs KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18038355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Density+of+red+alder+%28Alnus+rubra%29+in+headwaters+influences+invertebrate+and+detritus+subsidies+to+downstream+fish+habitats+in+Alaska&rft.au=Wipfli%3BMusslewhite%2C+J&rft.aulast=Wipfli&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=520&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AHYDR.0000027734.95586.24 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Detrital deposits; Population density; Biotic factors; Habitat; Nutrient cycles; Soil; Conifers; Density gradients; Food; Forests; Disturbance; Canopies; Biomass; Detritus; Streams; Food webs; Invertebrata; Alnus rubra; Salmonidae; USA, Alaska; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000027734.95586.24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato by 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens AN - 18038311; 5993303 AB - Two-week-old Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 seedlings were transferred into an autoclaved sand-soil mixture colonized by DAPG-producing P. fluorescens strain Pf-5 (rep-PCR genotype A), Q2-87 (B), Q8r1-96 (D) or HT5-1 (N) and the plants were challenge-inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae three weeks later. DAPG producers were not detected on the leaves. All DAPG producers induced resistance against P. syringae equivalent to the well studied Dutch strain P. fluorescein 417r. phlD or phlBC mutants of Q2-87 (DAPG minus) were significantly reduced in ISR activity. A phlF regulatory mutant (over-producer) had ISR activity equivalent to Q2-87. Introduction of DAPG into soil at concentrations of 10 to 250 pM four days before challenge inoculation induced resistance equivalent to or better than the bacteria. These results suggest that DAPG is a major mechanism of ISR by DAPG producers. JF - Phytopathology AU - Weller, D M AU - van Pelt, JA AU - Mavrodi, D V AU - Pieterse, CMJ AU - Bakker, PAHM AU - van Loon, LC AD - USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol KW - phlBC gene KW - phlD gene KW - phlF gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0738-AMA KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Biological control KW - Plant diseases KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - Disease resistance KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - Mutants KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18038311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Induced+systemic+resistance+%28ISR%29+in+Arabidopsis+against+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+tomato+by+2%2C4-diacetylphloroglucinol+%28DAPG%29-producing+Pseudomonas+fluorescens&rft.au=Weller%2C+D+M%3Bvan+Pelt%2C+JA%3BMavrodi%2C+D+V%3BPieterse%2C+CMJ%3BBakker%2C+PAHM%3Bvan+Loon%2C+LC&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Plant diseases; Disease resistance; phlD gene; Mutants; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Arabidopsis thaliana; Pseudomonas syringae ER - TY - CONF T1 - Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Maculicola cause disease on crucifers used in cover crop mixtures AN - 18038103; 5993474 AB - Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis is a new pathogen causing bacterial leaf blight on crucifers in California. P. s. pv. maculicola is also an important pathogen of crucifers. We extended host range studies of these pathogens to crucifers used in cover crop mixtures because of the increased use of cover crops and the potential of diseased crucifers in cover crops to serve as inoculum sources for subsequent cash crops. In preliminary experiments, P. s. pv. alisalensis and P. s. pv. maculicola were sprayed to run-off on three-week-old crucifer seedlings. Plants were incubated for 48 hr in a mist chamber followed by four days in the greenhouse. Plants were considered to be hosts when leaf blight symptoms were present and the pathogen was isolated from symptomatic tissue. Varieties of Raphanus sativus, Brassica napus, and B. juncea were susceptible to P. s. pv. alisalensis, while only the first two species were susceptible to P. s. pv. maculicola. These data have implications for choosing cultivars in cover crop mixtures. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bull, C T AU - Goldman, PH AU - Smith, R F AU - Koike, ST Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0009-PCA KW - Host range KW - Raphanus sativus KW - Cover crops KW - Leaf blight KW - Brassica juncea KW - Brassica napus KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18038103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+alisalensis+and+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+Maculicola+cause+disease+on+crucifers+used+in+cover+crop+mixtures&rft.au=Bull%2C+C+T%3BGoldman%2C+PH%3BSmith%2C+R+F%3BKoike%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An eradication strategy for Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon coastal forests AN - 18037165; 5992863 AB - A multi-agency task force has been trying to eradicate Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon's coastal forests near Brookings (Curry Co.) since finding the pathogen there in 2001. In 2001 and 2002, a total of 21 sites (19.4 ha) containing infected tan oaks, rhododendrons and huckleberries were treated in an attempt to eradicate P. ramorum. Treatment consisted of cutting and burning all host plants on each site and within a 15-m buffer of non-symptomatic hosts. The sites were monitored for P. ramorum periodically post-treatment. Surveys within the sites showed that P. ramorum was surviving at a low level (1.1% of all samples) within 12 of the sites, mainly on sprouts from infected tan oak stumps. Surveys around these sites suggest P. ramorum may have moved from these sites into neighboring susceptible hosts. On other sites, the treatment appeared to eliminate P. ramorum. We will modify our treatment strategy to include the prevention of sprouting from all host stumps wi