TY - JOUR T1 - An improved understanding of soil Cd risk to humans and low cost methods to phytoextract Cd from contaminated soils to prevent soil Cd risks. AN - 67240180; 15688862 AB - We believe greater consideration should be given the agronomic and nutritional/bioavailability factors that influence risk from Cd-contaminated soils. We have argued that the ability of rice to accumulate soil Cd in grain while excluding Fe, Zn and Ca (even though the soil contains 100-times more Zn than Cd) was important in adverse effects of soil Cd is farm families in Asia. Further, polished rice grain is deficient in Fe, Zn and Ca for humans, which promotes Cd absorption into duodenal cells. New kinetic studies clarified that dietary Cd is absorbed into duodenum enterocytes; 109Cd from a single meal remained in the duodenum for up to 16 days; part of the turnover pool 109Cd moved to the liver and kidneys by the end of the 64-day 'chase' period. Thus malnutrition induced by subsistence rice diets caused a higher absorption of dietary Cd and much higher potential risk from soil Cd than other crops. Because rice-induced Fe-Zn-Ca-malnutrition is so important in soil Cd risk, it seems evident that providing nutritional supplements to populations of exposed subsistence rice farmers could protect them against soil Cd during a period of soil remediation. In the long term, high Cd rice soils need to be remediated. Remediation by removal and replacement of contaminated soil is very expensive (on the order of $3 million/ha); while phytoextraction using the high Cd accumulating ecotypes of the Zn-Cd hyperaccumulator, Thlaspi caerulescens, should provide low cost soil Cd remediation. JF - Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine AU - Chaney, Rufus L AU - Reeves, Philip G AU - Ryan, James A AU - Simmons, Robert W AU - Welch, Ross M AU - Angle, J Scott AD - USDA-ARS-Beltsville, MD, USA. chaneyr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 549 EP - 553 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0966-0844, 0966-0844 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Agriculture -- economics KW - Oryza -- economics KW - Humans KW - Oryza -- metabolism KW - Oryza -- chemistry KW - Zinc -- metabolism KW - Cadmium Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Biological Availability KW - Soil Pollutants -- isolation & purification KW - Cadmium -- metabolism KW - Cadmium -- administration & dosage KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Diet KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67240180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometals+%3A+an+international+journal+on+the+role+of+metal+ions+in+biology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+medicine&rft.atitle=An+improved+understanding+of+soil+Cd+risk+to+humans+and+low+cost+methods+to+phytoextract+Cd+from+contaminated+soils+to+prevent+soil+Cd+risks.&rft.au=Chaney%2C+Rufus+L%3BReeves%2C+Philip+G%3BRyan%2C+James+A%3BSimmons%2C+Robert+W%3BWelch%2C+Ross+M%3BAngle%2C+J+Scott&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=Rufus&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=549&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometals+%3A+an+international+journal+on+the+role+of+metal+ions+in+biology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+medicine&rft.issn=09660844&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-10 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - One- and two-objective approaches to an area-constrained habitat reserve site selection problem AN - 18010801; 5978391 AB - We compare several ways to model a habitat reserve site selection problem in which an upper bound on the total area of the selected sites is included. The models are cast as optimization coverage models drawn from the location science literature. Classic covering problems typically include a constraint on the number of sites that can be selected. If potential reserve sites vary in terms of area, acquisition cost or land value, then sites need to be differentiated by these characteristics in the selection process. To address this within the optimization model, the constraint on the number of selected sites can either be replaced by one limiting the total area of the selected sites or area minimization can be incorporated as a second objective. We show that for our dataset and choice of optimization solver average solution time improves considerably when an area-constrained reserve site selection problem is modeled as a two objective rather than a single objective problem with a constraint limiting the total area of the selected sites. Computational experience is reported using a large dataset from Australia. JF - Biological Conservation AU - Snyder, S AU - ReVelle, C AU - Haight, R AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 565 EP - 574 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 119 IS - 4 SN - 0006-3207, 0006-3207 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Habitat availability KW - Nature reserves KW - Australia KW - Environment management KW - Models KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18010801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=One-+and+two-objective+approaches+to+an+area-constrained+habitat+reserve+site+selection+problem&rft.au=Snyder%2C+S%3BReVelle%2C+C%3BHaight%2C+R&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Conservation&rft.issn=00063207&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2004.01.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Australia; Environment management; Habitat availability; Models; Nature reserves DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.01.018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat inactivation of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in egg products AN - 17793043; 6090747 AB - Avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) viruses are heat labile viruses, but exact parameters for heat inactivation at egg pasteurization temperatures have not been established. In this study we artificially infected four egg products with two AI (one low [LP] and one high pathogenicity [HP]) and three ND (two low and one highly virulent) viruses, and determined inactivation curves at 55, 57, 59, 61 and 63 degree C. Based on D sub(t) values, the time to inactivation of the viruses was dependent on virus strain and egg product, and was directly related to virus titre, but inversely related to temperature. For all temperatures, the five viruses had the most rapid and complete inactivation in 10% salt yolk, while the most resistant to inactivation was HPAI virus in dried egg white. This study demonstrated that the LPAI and all ND viruses were inactivated in all egg products when treated using industry standard pasteurization protocols. By contrast, the HPAI virus was inactivated in liquid egg products but not in dried egg whites when using the low-temperature industry pasteurization protocol. JF - Avian Pathology AU - Swayne, DE AU - Beck, J R AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture 934 College Station Road GA 30605 Athens, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 512 EP - 518 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0307-9457, 0307-9457 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Avian influenza virus KW - Newcastle disease KW - Yolk KW - Pathogenicity KW - Newcastle disease virus KW - Temperature effects KW - Pasteurization KW - Salts KW - Fowl plague KW - Albumen KW - Heat KW - Heat inactivation KW - V 22141:Diagnosis KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17793043?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Pathology&rft.atitle=Heat+inactivation+of+avian+influenza+and+Newcastle+disease+viruses+in+egg+products&rft.au=Swayne%2C+DE%3BBeck%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Swayne&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Pathology&rft.issn=03079457&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Avian influenza virus; Newcastle disease virus; Temperature effects; Pasteurization; Albumen; Newcastle disease; Fowl plague; Heat inactivation; Heat; Salts; Yolk; Pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tetracycline Resistance in Chlamydia suis Mediated by Genomic Islands Inserted into the Chlamydial inv-Like Gene AN - 17734315; 6029695 AB - Many strains of Chlamydia suis, a pathogen of pigs, express a stable tetracycline resistance phenotype. We demonstrate that this resistance pattern is associated with a resistance gene, tet(C), in the chlamydial chromosome. Four related genomic islands were identified in seven tetracycline-resistant C. suis strains. All resistant isolates carry the structural gene tet(C) and the tetracycline repressor gene tetR(C). The islands share significant nucleotide sequence identity with resistance plasmids carried by a variety of different bacterial species. Three of the four tet(C) islands also carry a novel insertion sequence that is homologous to the IS605 family of insertion sequences. In each strain, the resistance gene and associated sequences are recombined into an identical position in a gene homologous to the inv gene of the yersiniae. These genomic islands represent the first examples of horizontally acquired DNA integrated into a natural isolate of chlamydiae or within any other obligate intracellular bacterium. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Dugan, Jae AU - Rockey, Daniel D AU - Jones, Loren AU - Andersen, Arthur A AD - Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agriculture Research Service, Ames, Iowa Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 3989 EP - 3995 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 48 IS - 10 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chlamydia suis KW - Chromosomes KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Tetracyclines KW - Insertion sequences KW - Plasmids KW - Repressors KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17734315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Tetracycline+Resistance+in+Chlamydia+suis+Mediated+by+Genomic+Islands+Inserted+into+the+Chlamydial+inv-Like+Gene&rft.au=Dugan%2C+Jae%3BRockey%2C+Daniel+D%3BJones%2C+Loren%3BAndersen%2C+Arthur+A&rft.aulast=Dugan&rft.aufirst=Jae&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chromosomes; Nucleotide sequence; Plasmids; Insertion sequences; Tetracyclines; Repressors; Antibiotic resistance; Antimicrobial agents; Chlamydia suis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Avian Influenza on U.S. Poultry Trade Relations-2002: H5 or H7 Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza AN - 17486004; 6116682 AB - Avian influenza (AI) viruses are Type A influenza viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family. There are 15 subtypes of the virus widespread in migratory waterfowl throughout the world. It has become increasingly evident that some low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5 or H7 viruses have the capacity to mutate into the more virulent strains that cause extensive economic losses and high mortality. Recent AI disease outbreaks in several countries have increased attention and concern over low pathogenic H5 and H7 AI viruses. This heightened international concern increases the risk of unnecessary trade bans. For the US poultry industry, avian influenza continues to be a challenge to the flow of trade. On one hand, there is the increased focus of world attention on the H5 and H7 low pathogenic AI virus and the possibility of mutation. On the other hand, there are the factors contributing to our finding of infected flocks. Among these, perhaps the most important is the ever-present reservoir of virus in the migratory waterfowl population. With the discovery of exposed flocks comes the threat of trade bans. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Hall, Cheryl AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Riverdale, Maryland Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 47 EP - 53 PB - The New York Academy of Sciences VL - 1026 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Poultry KW - USA KW - International trade KW - Avian influenza virus KW - Viruses KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17486004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Avian+Influenza+on+U.S.+Poultry+Trade+Relations-2002%3A+H5+or+H7+Low+Pathogenic+Avian+Influenza&rft.au=Hall%2C+Cheryl&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=1026&rft.issue=&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Avian influenza virus; USA; International trade; Poultry; Viruses ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Animal Health Organizations: Roles to Mitigate the Impact of Ecologic Change on Animal Health in the Tropics AN - 17301298; 6116673 AB - Production of livestock across North and South America is extensive. The opportunities for production, commerce, and thriving economies related to animal agriculture are balanced against the devastating threats of disease. Commitment by livestock and poultry producers in exporting countries to production methods, herd health management, and biosecurity in their operations must be coupled with an animal health and marketing infrastructure that allows the industries to thrive and offers assurances to trading partners that their livestock industries will not be jeopardized. National and international animal health organizations play a key role in providing this infrastructure to the industries that they serve. The incentive for the successful World agricultural production economies to provide direction and support for improving animal health and conveying principles for competitive and safe production to lesser developed nations is the assurance that the expanding economies of these nations offer an eager and hungry market for the products of the other industries of an export-dependent economy. The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established after the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO provides the permanent international multilateral institutional framework for implementing dispute resolution agreements and the agreement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. The SPS agreements allow for the protection of animal and plant health. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Acord, Bobby R AU - Walton, Thomas E AD - Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 32 EP - 40 PB - The New York Academy of Sciences VL - 1026 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17301298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Animal+Health+Organizations%3A+Roles+to+Mitigate+the+Impact+of+Ecologic+Change+on+Animal+Health+in+the+Tropics&rft.au=Acord%2C+Bobby+R%3BWalton%2C+Thomas+E&rft.aulast=Acord&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=1026&rft.issue=&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age at natural menopause and exposure to organochlorine pesticides in Hispanic women. AN - 66880576; 15371229 AB - A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between exposure to selected organochlorine pesticides (OCP) (p,p'-DDT, p',p'-DDE, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane [beta-HCH], oxychlordane, trans' nonachlor) and age at natural menopause in a sample of 219 menopausal women participating in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1982-1984. Information on age at menopause, reproductive history, demographic variables, and potential confounding variables was collected via interview. Analysis of variance was employed to compare adjusted mean age at natural menopause among women by category of serum OCP level. Serum levels of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, beta-HCH, and trans-nonachlor were associated with a younger age at menopause. In particular, women with exposure levels in the highest exposure categories (serum p,p'-DDT > or = 6ppb, beta-HCH > or = 4ppb, or trans-nonachlor > or = 2ppb) had an adjusted mean age at menopause on average 5.7, 3.4, and 5.2 yr earlier, respectively, than women with serum levels of these pesticides below the detection limit. Women with serum p,p'-DDE levels greater than 23.6 ppb (highest quintile) had an adjusted mean age at menopause 1.7 yr earlier than women with serump,p'-DDE levels less than 5.5 ppb (lowest quintile). However, no consistent dose-response effect was apparent across low, medium, and high exposure categories. Interactions were detected for p,p'-DDT in combination with beta-HCH, trans-nonachlor, or oxychlordane, as well as beta-HCH in combination with oxychlordane. Copyright Taylor & Francis Inc. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Akkina, Judy AU - Reif, John AU - Keefe, Thomas AU - Bachand, Annette AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526-8117, USA. judy.e.akkina@usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 24 SP - 1407 EP - 1422 VL - 67 IS - 18 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Chlordan KW - 12789-03-6 KW - oxychlordane KW - 27304-13-8 KW - nonachlor KW - 3734-49-4 KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene KW - 4M7FS82U08 KW - Hexachlorobenzene KW - 4Z87H0LKUY KW - Lindane KW - 59NEE7PCAB KW - DDT KW - CIW5S16655 KW - Dieldrin KW - I0246D2ZS0 KW - beta-hexachlorocyclohexane KW - YM80ODM9PD KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Age Factors KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Drug Interactions KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- blood KW - Reproductive History KW - Dieldrin -- blood KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- blood KW - Life Style KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Hexachlorobenzene -- blood KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - DDT -- blood KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Lindane -- blood KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Chlordan -- analogs & derivatives KW - Women KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data KW - Insecticides -- adverse effects KW - Hispanic Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Menopause -- blood KW - Menopause -- drug effects KW - Menopause -- ethnology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Hispanic Americans -- ethnology KW - Chlordan -- blood KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Insecticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66880576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Age+at+natural+menopause+and+exposure+to+organochlorine+pesticides+in+Hispanic+women.&rft.au=Akkina%2C+Judy%3BReif%2C+John%3BKeefe%2C+Thomas%3BBachand%2C+Annette&rft.aulast=Akkina&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=1407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Short term sediment impact from road obliteration operations AN - 40026604; 3884793 AU - Yanosek, K AU - Foltz, R B AU - Wanosek, KA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40026604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Short+term+sediment+impact+from+road+obliteration+operations&rft.au=Yanosek%2C+K%3BFoltz%2C+R+B%3BWanosek%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Yanosek&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mapping shrub encroachment from 1936-2003 in the Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico AN - 40025052; 3872331 AU - Laliberte, A S AU - Rango, A Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40025052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mapping+shrub+encroachment+from+1936-2003+in+the+Jornada+Basin+of+southern+New+Mexico&rft.au=Laliberte%2C+A+S%3BRango%2C+A&rft.aulast=Laliberte&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Direct measurement of individual tree characteristics from lidar data AN - 40024326; 3868684 AU - McGaughey, R J AU - Carson, W W AU - Andersen, H-E AU - Reutebuch, SE Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40024326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Direct+measurement+of+individual+tree+characteristics+from+lidar+data&rft.au=McGaughey%2C+R+J%3BCarson%2C+W+W%3BAndersen%2C+H-E%3BReutebuch%2C+SE&rft.aulast=McGaughey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Citrus tree counting using very high resolution spaceborne imagery AN - 40014776; 3867483 AU - Mueller, R AU - Boryan, C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40014776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Citrus+tree+counting+using+very+high+resolution+spaceborne+imagery&rft.au=Mueller%2C+R%3BBoryan%2C+C&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New technology for performing time and motion studies in forestry application AN - 40013158; 3883037 AU - Thompson, J D AU - Rummer, B Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40013158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+technology+for+performing+time+and+motion+studies+in+forestry+application&rft.au=Thompson%2C+J+D%3BRummer%2C+B&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of two methods for identifying sensitive parameters in gleams model AN - 40000847; 3879065 AU - Chinkuyu, A J AU - van Griensven, A AU - Meixner, T AU - Gish, T Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40000847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+two+methods+for+identifying+sensitive+parameters+in+gleams+model&rft.au=Chinkuyu%2C+A+J%3Bvan+Griensven%2C+A%3BMeixner%2C+T%3BGish%2C+T&rft.aulast=Chinkuyu&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Generating machinery management data AN - 39999240; 3881011 AU - Rotz, CA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39999240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Generating+machinery+management+data&rft.au=Rotz%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Rotz&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluating the design and management of waste storage ponds, Part II AN - 39998980; 3880478 AU - Moffitt, D AU - Wilson, B Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39998980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+design+and+management+of+waste+storage+ponds%2C+Part+II&rft.au=Moffitt%2C+D%3BWilson%2C+B&rft.aulast=Moffitt&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cotton irrigation scheduling evaluation using FAO-56 with remotely-sensed basal crop coefficients AN - 39960106; 3879243 AU - Hunsaker, D J AU - Pinter, PJ Jr AU - Fitzgerald, G J AU - Clarke, T R AU - Barnes, E M AU - Kimball, BA AU - Silvertooth, J C AU - Hagler, J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39960106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cotton+irrigation+scheduling+evaluation+using+FAO-56+with+remotely-sensed+basal+crop+coefficients&rft.au=Hunsaker%2C+D+J%3BPinter%2C+PJ+Jr%3BFitzgerald%2C+G+J%3BClarke%2C+T+R%3BBarnes%2C+E+M%3BKimball%2C+BA%3BSilvertooth%2C+J+C%3BHagler%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hunsaker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using quickbird satellite imagery for cotton yield estimation AN - 39958035; 3885738 AU - Yang, C AU - Everitt, J H AU - Bradford, J M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39958035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+quickbird+satellite+imagery+for+cotton+yield+estimation&rft.au=Yang%2C+C%3BEveritt%2C+J+H%3BBradford%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Survey of current seed-cotton and lint-cleaning practices in united states roller ginning plants AN - 39957805; 3885231 AU - Whitelock, D P Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39957805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Survey+of+current+seed-cotton+and+lint-cleaning+practices+in+united+states+roller+ginning+plants&rft.au=Whitelock%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Whitelock&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reflectance estimation of surface and subsurface soil properties AN - 39956610; 3884234 AU - Sudduth, KA AU - Hummel, J W AU - Drummond, ST Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39956610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reflectance+estimation+of+surface+and+subsurface+soil+properties&rft.au=Sudduth%2C+KA%3BHummel%2C+J+W%3BDrummond%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Sudduth&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relationship of field burn severity measures to satellite-derived burned area reflectance classification (BARC) maps AN - 39955965; 3875046 AU - Hudak, A AU - Morgan, P AU - Robichaud, P AU - Gessler, P AU - Jain, T Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39955965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+field+burn+severity+measures+to+satellite-derived+burned+area+reflectance+classification+%28BARC%29+maps&rft.au=Hudak%2C+A%3BMorgan%2C+P%3BRobichaud%2C+P%3BGessler%2C+P%3BJain%2C+T&rft.aulast=Hudak&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sorption, mobility, and fate of 1,4,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in soils AN - 39955583; 3884939 AU - Larsen, G AU - Fan, Z AU - Casey, F AU - Hakk, H Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39955583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sorption%2C+mobility%2C+and+fate+of+1%2C4%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+in+soils&rft.au=Larsen%2C+G%3BFan%2C+Z%3BCasey%2C+F%3BHakk%2C+H&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Yard waste compost to enhance soil water holding capacity AN - 39949319; 3885976 AU - Malone, R W AU - Meade, T AU - Folden, M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39949319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Yard+waste+compost+to+enhance+soil+water+holding+capacity&rft.au=Malone%2C+R+W%3BMeade%2C+T%3BFolden%2C+M&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Seasonal particulate emission from a New Mexico gin plant AN - 39947580; 3884670 AU - Armijo, C B AU - Sidney, E Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39947580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Seasonal+particulate+emission+from+a+New+Mexico+gin+plant&rft.au=Armijo%2C+C+B%3BSidney%2C+E&rft.aulast=Armijo&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using time domain reflectometry for evaluating near-surface soil-crop dynamics of an animal waste amended soil AN - 39947508; 3885747 AU - Woodbury, B L AU - Eigenberg, R A AU - Nienaber, JA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39947508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+time+domain+reflectometry+for+evaluating+near-surface+soil-crop+dynamics+of+an+animal+waste+amended+soil&rft.au=Woodbury%2C+B+L%3BEigenberg%2C+R+A%3BNienaber%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Woodbury&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Surface impoundment effectiveness for fecal bacteria and nutrient mitigation AN - 39947169; 3885207 AU - Daniel, JA AU - Elmendorf, D L AU - Maddox, S M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39947169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Surface+impoundment+effectiveness+for+fecal+bacteria+and+nutrient+mitigation&rft.au=Daniel%2C+JA%3BElmendorf%2C+D+L%3BMaddox%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sediment control and erosion research: Then and now AN - 39945911; 3884691 AU - Britton, S L AU - Temple, D AU - Hansen, G Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39945911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sediment+control+and+erosion+research%3A+Then+and+now&rft.au=Britton%2C+S+L%3BTemple%2C+D%3BHansen%2C+G&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - MODIS imagery: A new information resource for the forest service AN - 39945875; 3872851 AU - Lannom, K AU - Quayle, B Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39945875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=MODIS+imagery%3A+A+new+information+resource+for+the+forest+service&rft.au=Lannom%2C+K%3BQuayle%2C+B&rft.aulast=Lannom&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rehabilitation of twin parks #8 AN - 39945693; 3884267 AU - Mueller, S Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39945693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rehabilitation+of+twin+parks+%238&rft.au=Mueller%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of stack testing and boundary line testing for emissions from a cotton gin AN - 39944706; 3879052 AU - Baker, K D AU - Hughs, E AU - Isom, R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39944706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+stack+testing+and+boundary+line+testing+for+emissions+from+a+cotton+gin&rft.au=Baker%2C+K+D%3BHughs%2C+E%3BIsom%2C+R&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of free drainage, controlled drainage, and subirrigation water management practices in an Ohio lakebed soil AN - 39944658; 3879027 AU - Fausey, N R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39944658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+free+drainage%2C+controlled+drainage%2C+and+subirrigation+water+management+practices+in+an+Ohio+lakebed+soil&rft.au=Fausey%2C+N+R&rft.aulast=Fausey&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Application of multispectral imaging for differentation of wholesome and septicemia chicken AN - 39944271; 3878087 AU - Yang, C-C AU - Chao, K AU - Chen, Y R AU - Kim Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39944271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Application+of+multispectral+imaging+for+differentation+of+wholesome+and+septicemia+chicken&rft.au=Yang%2C+C-C%3BChao%2C+K%3BChen%2C+Y+R%3BKim&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=C-C&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling evapotranspiration and soilwater balance using the everglades agro hydrology AN - 39943762; 3882636 AU - Savabi, M R AU - Ikiz, J AU - Cookshut, N AU - German, E Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39943762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+evapotranspiration+and+soilwater+balance+using+the+everglades+agro+hydrology&rft.au=Savabi%2C+M+R%3BIkiz%2C+J%3BCookshut%2C+N%3BGerman%2C+E&rft.aulast=Savabi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hydrologic impact of strip-tillage on a coastal plain soil AN - 39943728; 3881371 AU - Bosch, D D AU - Truman, C AU - Potter, T AU - Bednarz, C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39943728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hydrologic+impact+of+strip-tillage+on+a+coastal+plain+soil&rft.au=Bosch%2C+D+D%3BTruman%2C+C%3BPotter%2C+T%3BBednarz%2C+C&rft.aulast=Bosch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Overview of hydrologic studies at center for forested wetlands research, USDA forest service AN - 39942519; 3883363 AU - Amatya, D M AU - Trettin, C C AU - Skaggs, R W AU - Callahan, T J AU - Burke, M K AU - Sun, G AU - Miwa, M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39942519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Overview+of+hydrologic+studies+at+center+for+forested+wetlands+research%2C+USDA+forest+service&rft.au=Amatya%2C+D+M%3BTrettin%2C+C+C%3BSkaggs%2C+R+W%3BCallahan%2C+T+J%3BBurke%2C+M+K%3BSun%2C+G%3BMiwa%2C+M&rft.aulast=Amatya&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of harmonic radar transponders to track black vine weevil behavior in nurseries AN - 39941824; 3879592 AU - Zhu, H AU - Brazee, R D AU - Miller, E S AU - Reading, M AU - Klein, M G AU - Nudd, B Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39941824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+harmonic+radar+transponders+to+track+black+vine+weevil+behavior+in+nurseries&rft.au=Zhu%2C+H%3BBrazee%2C+R+D%3BMiller%2C+E+S%3BReading%2C+M%3BKlein%2C+M+G%3BNudd%2C+B&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Complete center pivot automation using the temperature-time threshold method of irrigation scheduling AN - 39939122; 3879083 AU - Peters, R T AU - Evett Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39939122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Complete+center+pivot+automation+using+the+temperature-time+threshold+method+of+irrigation+scheduling&rft.au=Peters%2C+R+T%3BEvett&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Breach widening observations from earthen embankment tests AN - 39938947; 3878518 AU - Britton, S L AU - Hanson, G J AU - Cook, K R AU - Kadavy, K C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39938947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Breach+widening+observations+from+earthen+embankment+tests&rft.au=Britton%2C+S+L%3BHanson%2C+G+J%3BCook%2C+K+R%3BKadavy%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluating spatial variability of tillage operations in a loblolly pine stand AN - 39937257; 3880477 AU - Carter, E A Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39937257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluating+spatial+variability+of+tillage+operations+in+a+loblolly+pine+stand&rft.au=Carter%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Packing practice effects on density in bunker silos AN - 39931719; 3883379 AU - Muck, R E AU - Holmes, B J AU - Savoie, P Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39931719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Packing+practice+effects+on+density+in+bunker+silos&rft.au=Muck%2C+R+E%3BHolmes%2C+B+J%3BSavoie%2C+P&rft.aulast=Muck&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bag silo densities and losses AN - 39921738; 3878345 AU - Muck, R E AU - Holmes, B J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39921738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bag+silo+densities+and+losses&rft.au=Muck%2C+R+E%3BHolmes%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Muck&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Is microbial metabolism the controlling factor of ecosystem soil carbon storage? AN - 39921205; 3881956 AU - Smith, J L AU - Bailey, V L AU - Bolton, H Jr Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39921205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Is+microbial+metabolism+the+controlling+factor+of+ecosystem+soil+carbon+storage%3F&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+L%3BBailey%2C+V+L%3BBolton%2C+H+Jr&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kenes International, 17 Rue du Cendrier, P.O. Box 1726, CH-1211, Geneva 1, Switzerland; email: isme@kenes.com; URL: www.kenes.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spray drift and deposition under varying atmospheric stability conditions AN - 39921120; 3885014 AU - Fritz, B K Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39921120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spray+drift+and+deposition+under+varying+atmospheric+stability+conditions&rft.au=Fritz%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Fritz&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hyperspectral imaging and visible/near infrared spectroscopy classification for detecting contaminants on poultry carcasses AN - 39920696; 3881383 AU - Lawrence, K C AU - Windham, W R AU - Park, B AU - Smith, D P Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39920696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hyperspectral+imaging+and+visible%2Fnear+infrared+spectroscopy+classification+for+detecting+contaminants+on+poultry+carcasses&rft.au=Lawrence%2C+K+C%3BWindham%2C+W+R%3BPark%2C+B%3BSmith%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hyperspectral imagery classification methods for contaminant identification on broiler carcasses AN - 39920655; 3881382 AU - Park, B AU - Windham, W R AU - Lawrence, K C AU - Smith, D P Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39920655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hyperspectral+imagery+classification+methods+for+contaminant+identification+on+broiler+carcasses&rft.au=Park%2C+B%3BWindham%2C+W+R%3BLawrence%2C+K+C%3BSmith%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of an on-the-go soil strength profile sensor using soil bin and field data AN - 39920029; 3880488 AU - Sudduth, KA AU - Chung, SO AU - Plouffe, C AU - Kitchen, N R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39920029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+an+on-the-go+soil+strength+profile+sensor+using+soil+bin+and+field+data&rft.au=Sudduth%2C+KA%3BChung%2C+SO%3BPlouffe%2C+C%3BKitchen%2C+N+R&rft.aulast=Sudduth&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effectiveness of sugarcane residue and polyacrylamide (PAM) in reducing soil erosion from quarter-drains under southern Louisiana weather conditions AN - 39919134; 3880135 AU - Kornecki, T S AU - Grigg, B C AU - Fouss, J L AU - Southwick, L M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39919134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+sugarcane+residue+and+polyacrylamide+%28PAM%29+in+reducing+soil+erosion+from+quarter-drains+under+southern+Louisiana+weather+conditions&rft.au=Kornecki%2C+T+S%3BGrigg%2C+B+C%3BFouss%2C+J+L%3BSouthwick%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Kornecki&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of filter fabric barriers for the establishment of grassed waterways AN - 39918604; 3885663 AU - Romocki, R E Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39918604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+filter+fabric+barriers+for+the+establishment+of+grassed+waterways&rft.au=Romocki%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Romocki&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of a neural network for translation of cotton fiber properties from an automated sampling system AN - 39918560; 3885651 AU - Sassenrath, G F AU - Williford, J R AU - To, F AU - Boggess, JE AU - Bi, X Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39918560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+neural+network+for+translation+of+cotton+fiber+properties+from+an+automated+sampling+system&rft.au=Sassenrath%2C+G+F%3BWilliford%2C+J+R%3BTo%2C+F%3BBoggess%2C+JE%3BBi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Sassenrath&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spray envelope from an agricultural aircraft AN - 39917622; 3885015 AU - Hoffmann, W C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39917622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spray+envelope+from+an+agricultural+aircraft&rft.au=Hoffmann%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Safety inspection of cantaloupes and strawberries using multispectral imaging techniques AN - 39917454; 3884609 AU - Vargas, A M AU - Tao, Y AU - Kim, M AU - Lefcourt, A M AU - Chen, Y-R AU - Kelly, J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39917454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Safety+inspection+of+cantaloupes+and+strawberries+using+multispectral+imaging+techniques&rft.au=Vargas%2C+A+M%3BTao%2C+Y%3BKim%2C+M%3BLefcourt%2C+A+M%3BChen%2C+Y-R%3BKelly%2C+J&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Quality and safety characteristics of infrared dried onion products AN - 39917379; 3884067 AU - Pan, Z AU - Gabel, M AU - Amaratunga, KSP Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39917379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Quality+and+safety+characteristics+of+infrared+dried+onion+products&rft.au=Pan%2C+Z%3BGabel%2C+M%3BAmaratunga%2C+KSP&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Binding of 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100) and/or its metabolites to mammalian biliary carrier proteins AN - 39916983; 3878386 AU - Larsen, G AU - Huwe, J AU - Low, M AU - Rutherford, D AU - Hakk, H Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39916983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Binding+of+2%2C2%27%2C4%2C4%27%2C6-pentabromodiphenyl+ether+%28BDE-100%29+and%2For+its+metabolites+to+mammalian+biliary+carrier+proteins&rft.au=Larsen%2C+G%3BHuwe%2C+J%3BLow%2C+M%3BRutherford%2C+D%3BHakk%2C+H&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Restoration of the Rose River AN - 39915165; 3884408 AU - Ketchem, A J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39915165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Restoration+of+the+Rose+River&rft.au=Ketchem%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Ketchem&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of shallow hydrologic conditions on electromagnetic induction measurement of electrical conductivity in a fine-grained soil AN - 39914826; 3881530 AU - Allred, B J AU - Ehsani, M R AU - Saraswat, D Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39914826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+shallow+hydrologic+conditions+on+electromagnetic+induction+measurement+of+electrical+conductivity+in+a+fine-grained+soil&rft.au=Allred%2C+B+J%3BEhsani%2C+M+R%3BSaraswat%2C+D&rft.aulast=Allred&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Golf course applications of ground penetrating radar AN - 39914624; 3881152 AU - Allred, B Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39914624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Golf+course+applications+of+ground+penetrating+radar&rft.au=Allred%2C+B&rft.aulast=Allred&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Using refractive index to improve sunflower oil measurements using nuclear magnetic resonance AN - 39913554; 3885740 AU - Wishna, S Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39913554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Using+refractive+index+to+improve+sunflower+oil+measurements+using+nuclear+magnetic+resonance&rft.au=Wishna%2C+S&rft.aulast=Wishna&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Transient microwave dielectric properties of wheat with respect to moisture diffusion AN - 39913417; 3885488 AU - Trabelsi, S AU - Nelson, SO Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39913417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Transient+microwave+dielectric+properties+of+wheat+with+respect+to+moisture+diffusion&rft.au=Trabelsi%2C+S%3BNelson%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Trabelsi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detection of fissures in unshelled rice by imaging with a 532 NM laser AN - 39912074; 3879441 AU - Haff, R P Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39912074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Detection+of+fissures+in+unshelled+rice+by+imaging+with+a+532+NM+laser&rft.au=Haff%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Haff&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Crop coefficients for corn, southern high plains AN - 39911914; 3879264 AU - Howell, T A AU - Evett AU - Tolk, JA AU - Copeland, K S AU - Dusek, DA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39911914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Crop+coefficients+for+corn%2C+southern+high+plains&rft.au=Howell%2C+T+A%3BEvett%3BTolk%2C+JA%3BCopeland%2C+K+S%3BDusek%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Survey of PCDD/Fs and co-planar PCBs in the US meat and poultry supply in 2002-2003 AN - 39910898; 3885236 AU - Huwe, J AU - Hoffman, M K AU - Deyrup, C AU - Hulebak, K AU - Larsen, G AU - Zaylskie, R AU - Lorentzsen, M AU - Clinch, N Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39910898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Survey+of+PCDD%2FFs+and+co-planar+PCBs+in+the+US+meat+and+poultry+supply+in+2002-2003&rft.au=Huwe%2C+J%3BHoffman%2C+M+K%3BDeyrup%2C+C%3BHulebak%2C+K%3BLarsen%2C+G%3BZaylskie%2C+R%3BLorentzsen%2C+M%3BClinch%2C+N&rft.aulast=Huwe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Determination of the spatial variability of cotton fiber quality and yield AN - 39910137; 3868494 AU - Sassenrath, G F AU - Pringle, H C AU - Adams, E R AU - Williford, J R AU - To, F Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39910137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+spatial+variability+of+cotton+fiber+quality+and+yield&rft.au=Sassenrath%2C+G+F%3BPringle%2C+H+C%3BAdams%2C+E+R%3BWilliford%2C+J+R%3BTo%2C+F&rft.aulast=Sassenrath&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Australian feedlot cattle response to shade and no-shade AN - 39909348; 3878248 AU - Eigenberg, R A Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39909348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Australian+feedlot+cattle+response+to+shade+and+no-shade&rft.au=Eigenberg%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Eigenberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Aerial methods for increasing spray deposits on wheat heads AN - 39909179; 3877860 AU - Kirk, I W AU - Fritz, B K AU - Hoffmann, W C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39909179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Aerial+methods+for+increasing+spray+deposits+on+wheat+heads&rft.au=Kirk%2C+I+W%3BFritz%2C+B+K%3BHoffmann%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - 2003 thermal defoliation AN - 39907590; 3877725 AU - Funk, P A Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39907590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=2003+thermal+defoliation&rft.au=Funk%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Funk&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Horizontal alignment of driplines relative to beds in SDI: Effects on cotton growth and yield AN - 39907221; 3881306 AU - Wanjura, DE AU - McMichael, B L AU - Upchurch Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39907221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Horizontal+alignment+of+driplines+relative+to+beds+in+SDI%3A+Effects+on+cotton+growth+and+yield&rft.au=Wanjura%2C+DE%3BMcMichael%2C+B+L%3BUpchurch&rft.aulast=Wanjura&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nondestructive sensing of bulk density and moisture content in unschelled and shelled peanuts from microwave permittivity measurements AN - 39906205; 3883098 AU - Trabelsi, S AU - Nelson, SO Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39906205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nondestructive+sensing+of+bulk+density+and+moisture+content+in+unschelled+and+shelled+peanuts+from+microwave+permittivity+measurements&rft.au=Trabelsi%2C+S%3BNelson%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Trabelsi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dielectric properties and density relationships for granular materials AN - 39906122; 3879662 AU - Nelson, SO Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39906122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dielectric+properties+and+density+relationships+for+granular+materials&rft.au=Nelson%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=SO&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dielectric spectroscopy of fresh fruit and vegetable tissues AN - 39905534; 3879663 AU - Nelson, SO Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39905534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dielectric+spectroscopy+of+fresh+fruit+and+vegetable+tissues&rft.au=Nelson%2C+SO&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=SO&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Measuring low rates of erosion from forest fuel reduction operations AN - 39903294; 3882360 AU - Elliot, W J AU - Miller, I S Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39903294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Measuring+low+rates+of+erosion+from+forest+fuel+reduction+operations&rft.au=Elliot%2C+W+J%3BMiller%2C+I+S&rft.aulast=Elliot&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Automated mapping of Argentina's zona nucleo using multi-temporal imagery AN - 39901949; 3866885 AU - Tetrault, R AU - Muckenhoupt, J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39901949?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Automated+mapping+of+Argentina%27s+zona+nucleo+using+multi-temporal+imagery&rft.au=Tetrault%2C+R%3BMuckenhoupt%2C+J&rft.aulast=Tetrault&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nutrient enrichment effects on the structure and function of attached and free-living aquifer bacterial communities AN - 39900710; 3883161 AU - Lehman, R M AU - McLing, T L Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39900710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Nutrient+enrichment+effects+on+the+structure+and+function+of+attached+and+free-living+aquifer+bacterial+communities&rft.au=Lehman%2C+R+M%3BMcLing%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Lehman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kenes International, 17 Rue du Cendrier, P.O. Box 1726, CH-1211, Geneva 1, Switzerland; email: isme@kenes.com; URL: www.kenes.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detection of sulfate reducing bacteria in stored swine manure using quantitative, real-time PCR analysis AN - 39881662; 3879451 AU - Cook, K L AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Cotta, MA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39881662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Detection+of+sulfate+reducing+bacteria+in+stored+swine+manure+using+quantitative%2C+real-time+PCR+analysis&rft.au=Cook%2C+K+L%3BWhitehead%2C+T+R%3BCotta%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kenes International, 17 Rue du Cendrier, P.O. Box 1726, CH-1211, Geneva 1, Switzerland; email: isme@kenes.com; URL: www.kenes.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Considerations for installation of hydrologic monitoring equipment AN - 39868876; 3879173 AU - Zwierschke, EL AU - King, K W AU - Fausey, N R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39868876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Considerations+for+installation+of+hydrologic+monitoring+equipment&rft.au=Zwierschke%2C+EL%3BKing%2C+K+W%3BFausey%2C+N+R&rft.aulast=Zwierschke&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Conservation tillage effects on sediment and phosphorus losses from a furrow irrigated field AN - 39868837; 3879171 AU - Bjorneberg, D AU - Aase, J K AU - Westermann, D T Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39868837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Conservation+tillage+effects+on+sediment+and+phosphorus+losses+from+a+furrow+irrigated+field&rft.au=Bjorneberg%2C+D%3BAase%2C+J+K%3BWestermann%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Bjorneberg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Turf and forage subsurface drip irrigation using recycled water AN - 39866311; 3885549 AU - Stone, K C AU - Hunt, P G Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39866311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Turf+and+forage+subsurface+drip+irrigation+using+recycled+water&rft.au=Stone%2C+K+C%3BHunt%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Edge-of field and watershed scale water quality for new poultry utter application sites AN - 39865921; 3880002 AU - Harmel, R D AU - Torbert, HA AU - Haggard, B E AU - Haney, R AU - Dozier, M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39865921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Edge-of+field+and+watershed+scale+water+quality+for+new+poultry+utter+application+sites&rft.au=Harmel%2C+R+D%3BTorbert%2C+HA%3BHaggard%2C+B+E%3BHaney%2C+R%3BDozier%2C+M&rft.aulast=Harmel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sensor for detection of pits in dried plums AN - 39865175; 3884740 AU - Haft, R P AU - Jackson, E S Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39865175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sensor+for+detection+of+pits+in+dried+plums&rft.au=Haft%2C+R+P%3BJackson%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Haft&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Reducing seed cotton losses from field cleaners AN - 39865057; 3884227 AU - Brashears, AD Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39865057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Reducing+seed+cotton+losses+from+field+cleaners&rft.au=Brashears%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Brashears&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Potential economic implications of PM10 stack sampler errors for cotton gins AN - 39864254; 3883816 AU - Buser, MD AU - Holt, G AU - Parnell, C Jr AU - Shaw, B AU - Lacey, R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39864254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Potential+economic+implications+of+PM10+stack+sampler+errors+for+cotton+gins&rft.au=Buser%2C+MD%3BHolt%2C+G%3BParnell%2C+C+Jr%3BShaw%2C+B%3BLacey%2C+R&rft.aulast=Buser&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling wildfire probability using a GIS AN - 39863512; 3872746 AU - Davis, B AU - Miller, C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39863512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+wildfire+probability+using+a+GIS&rft.au=Davis%2C+B%3BMiller%2C+C&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Integration of image processing, GIS resources and auxiliary data for mapping land cover in tropical landscapes AN - 39863369; 3871515 AU - Martinuzzi, S AU - Gould, W AU - Ramos, O Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39863369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Integration+of+image+processing%2C+GIS+resources+and+auxiliary+data+for+mapping+land+cover+in+tropical+landscapes&rft.au=Martinuzzi%2C+S%3BGould%2C+W%3BRamos%2C+O&rft.aulast=Martinuzzi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of uniformity from a low-volume chemical application system AN - 39861897; 3880551 AU - Buchleiter, G AU - Farahani, HJ Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39861897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+uniformity+from+a+low-volume+chemical+application+system&rft.au=Buchleiter%2C+G%3BFarahani%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Buchleiter&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Design tool for rootwads in streambank restoration AN - 39860018; 3879413 AU - Wood, AD AU - Jarrett, A R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39860018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Design+tool+for+rootwads+in+streambank+restoration&rft.au=Wood%2C+AD%3BJarrett%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Design, installation and operation of sheet pile, in-lake sediment basins AN - 39859973; 3879404 AU - Book, T P AU - Beyer, D F Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39859973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Design%2C+installation+and+operation+of+sheet+pile%2C+in-lake+sediment+basins&rft.au=Book%2C+T+P%3BBeyer%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Book&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dam rehabilitation in the double creek watershed AN - 39859877; 3879313 AU - Bass, A G Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39859877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dam+rehabilitation+in+the+double+creek+watershed&rft.au=Bass%2C+A+G&rft.aulast=Bass&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Science and technology exchanges between US and China AN - 39859599; 3884632 AU - Jen, J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39859599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Science+and+technology+exchanges+between+US+and+China&rft.au=Jen%2C+J&rft.aulast=Jen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Performance evaluation of low cost GPS and WAAS-corrected swathing systems on agricultural aircraft using precise position triggering AN - 39859233; 3883510 AU - Thomson, S J AU - Smith, LA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39859233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Performance+evaluation+of+low+cost+GPS+and+WAAS-corrected+swathing+systems+on+agricultural+aircraft+using+precise+position+triggering&rft.au=Thomson%2C+S+J%3BSmith%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Web-based GIS application of the WEPP model AN - 39857446; 3885892 AU - Flanagan, D C AU - Frankenberger, J R AU - Engel, BA Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39857446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Web-based+GIS+application+of+the+WEPP+model&rft.au=Flanagan%2C+D+C%3BFrankenberger%2C+J+R%3BEngel%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hyperspectral scattering for assessing internal quality of peaches AN - 39856266; 3881385 AU - Lu, R AU - Peng, Y Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39856266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hyperspectral+scattering+for+assessing+internal+quality+of+peaches&rft.au=Lu%2C+R%3BPeng%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Frequency of strip-tillage required southeastern U.S. soils AN - 39855987; 3880889 AU - Raper, R L AU - Burmester, CH AU - Reeves, D W Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39855987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Frequency+of+strip-tillage+required+southeastern+U.S.+soils&rft.au=Raper%2C+R+L%3BBurmester%2C+CH%3BReeves%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Raper&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Optimization of a 116 saw powered roll gin stand based on fiber properties, turnout, and ginning rate AN - 39846895; 3883277 AU - Holt, G A AU - Laird, J W AU - Wadegaertner, T C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39846895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+a+116+saw+powered+roll+gin+stand+based+on+fiber+properties%2C+turnout%2C+and+ginning+rate&rft.au=Holt%2C+G+A%3BLaird%2C+J+W%3BWadegaertner%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Multispectral imaging system for real time sensing of apple fruit quality AN - 39846615; 3882897 AU - Lu, R Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39846615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Multispectral+imaging+system+for+real+time+sensing+of+apple+fruit+quality&rft.au=Lu%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wireless local area networking for farm operations and farm management AN - 39825915; 3885955 AU - McKinion, J M AU - Willers, J L AU - Jenkins, J N Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39825915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Wireless+local+area+networking+for+farm+operations+and+farm+management&rft.au=McKinion%2C+J+M%3BWillers%2C+J+L%3BJenkins%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=McKinion&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rehabilitation of plain honey structure AN - 39823776; 3884266 AU - Mueller, S Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39823776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rehabilitation+of+plain+honey+structure&rft.au=Mueller%2C+S&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Quality of spindle-picked cotton AN - 39823695; 3884078 AU - Baker, K D AU - Hughs, E AU - McAlister, D AU - Mackey, J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39823695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Quality+of+spindle-picked+cotton&rft.au=Baker%2C+K+D%3BHughs%2C+E%3BMcAlister%2C+D%3BMackey%2C+J&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of spatial resolution on reducing uncertainty of forest inventory estimates using satellite image-based stratification layers AN - 39821796; 3869212 AU - Nelson, MD AU - McRoberts, R E Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39821796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+spatial+resolution+on+reducing+uncertainty+of+forest+inventory+estimates+using+satellite+image-based+stratification+layers&rft.au=Nelson%2C+MD%3BMcRoberts%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thermal imaging from agricultural aircraft for precision crop management AN - 39814756; 3876745 AU - Thomson, S J AU - Hanks, JE Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39814756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Thermal+imaging+from+agricultural+aircraft+for+precision+crop+management&rft.au=Thomson%2C+S+J%3BHanks%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New techniques for monitoring drip irrigation water use efficiency, runoff, and leachate in container nurseries AN - 39809796; 3883036 AU - Zhu, H AU - Krause, C R AU - Zondag, R AU - Shipitalo, M AU - Brazee, R D AU - Derksen, R C Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39809796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+techniques+for+monitoring+drip+irrigation+water+use+efficiency%2C+runoff%2C+and+leachate+in+container+nurseries&rft.au=Zhu%2C+H%3BKrause%2C+C+R%3BZondag%2C+R%3BShipitalo%2C+M%3BBrazee%2C+R+D%3BDerksen%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Long term operation of a plug flow digester for a poultry operation AN - 39809219; 3882208 AU - Bogovich, WM AU - Brendle, M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39809219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Long+term+operation+of+a+plug+flow+digester+for+a+poultry+operation&rft.au=Bogovich%2C+WM%3BBrendle%2C+M&rft.aulast=Bogovich&rft.aufirst=WM&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of regeneration on hydrology and water quality of a managed pine forest AN - 39804359; 3880205 AU - Amatya, D M AU - Skaggs, R W AU - Nettles, J Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39804359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+regeneration+on+hydrology+and+water+quality+of+a+managed+pine+forest&rft.au=Amatya%2C+D+M%3BSkaggs%2C+R+W%3BNettles%2C+J&rft.aulast=Amatya&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Characteristics of particleboard bound with rice bran based adhesive AN - 39791776; 3878689 AU - Pan, Z AU - Cathcart, A K Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39791776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+particleboard+bound+with+rice+bran+based+adhesive&rft.au=Pan%2C+Z%3BCathcart%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St Joseph, MI 49085, USA; URL: asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite measures in conservation biology research: considerations for application and interpretation AN - 19702506; 6144071 AB - Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite analyses are increasingly being used by a variety of scientists (e.g., conservation biologists, animal scientists) to examine glucocorticoid (i.e., stress hormone) secretion in domestic and wild vertebrates. Adrenocortical activity (i.e., stress response) is of interest to conservation biologists because stress can alter animal behavior, reduce resistance to disease, and affect population performance. The noninvasiveness of fecal-based assessments is attractive, particularly when studying endangered species, because samples can often be obtained without disturbing the animal. Despite such advantages, many confounding factors inhibit the utility of this technique in addressing conservation problems. In particular, interpretation of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) measures may be confounded by the length of time animals are held in captivity, normal seasonal and daily rhythms, body condition, sample storage and treatment techniques, diet of the animal, assay selection, animal status (i.e., social ranking, reproductive status), sample age and condition, and sample mass. Further complicating interpretation and utility of these measures is the apparent species-specific response to these factors. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors that confound interpretation of FGM measures, summarize research that addresses these issues, and offer an agenda for future research and interpretation. We urge conservation biologists to carefully consider confounding factors and the relationship between FGM secretion and population performance and biological costs when investigating effects of environmental and human-induced disturbances on wildlife. The crisis nature of many decisions in conservation biology often requires decisions from limited data; however, confirmatory results should not be posited when data are incomplete or confounding factors are not understood. Building reliable databases, and research with surrogate species when possible, will aid future efforts and enhance the utility of FGM assays. JF - General and Comparative Endocrinology AU - Millspaugh, J J AU - Washburn, B E AD - USDA, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA, millspaughj@missouri.edu Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 189 EP - 199 VL - 138 IS - 3 SN - 0016-6480, 0016-6480 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Age KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Wildlife KW - Stress KW - biologists KW - Metabolites KW - Hormones KW - Storage KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Endangered species KW - Conservation KW - Human factors KW - Seasonal variations KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19702506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=General+and+Comparative+Endocrinology&rft.atitle=Use+of+fecal+glucocorticoid+metabolite+measures+in+conservation+biology+research%3A+considerations+for+application+and+interpretation&rft.au=Millspaugh%2C+J+J%3BWashburn%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Millspaugh&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=General+and+Comparative+Endocrinology&rft.issn=00166480&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ygcen.2004.07.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Fecal coliforms; Age; Wildlife; biologists; Stress; Metabolites; Hormones; Storage; Sulfur dioxide; Conservation; Endangered species; Human factors; Seasonal variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.07.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Depletion rate of doramectin from blood serum of penned female white-tailed deer (Artiodactyla: Cervidae). AN - 67061899; 15535625 AB - Female white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), were held in small pens and administered doramectin by free choice of doramectin-coated whole kernel corn, Zea mays L., fed ad libitum with 19% protein deer pellets also being fed ad libitum in a separate container. The mean concentration of doramectin in the serum during treatment was 72.8 ppb. The mean doramectin concentration in the serum decreased to <2 ppb, the lower limit of detection by high-pressure liquid chromatography, by day 14 after termination of treatment after withdrawal of doramectin-treated corn from the diet. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Pound, J Mathews AU - Miller, J Allen AU - Oehler, Delbert D AD - USDA-ARS-Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028-9184, USA. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 942 EP - 945 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - doramectin KW - KGD7A54H5P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Zea mays KW - Metabolic Clearance Rate KW - Texas KW - Female KW - Ivermectin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Deer -- blood KW - Ivermectin -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ivermectin -- blood KW - Insecticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67061899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Depletion+rate+of+doramectin+from+blood+serum+of+penned+female+white-tailed+deer+%28Artiodactyla%3A+Cervidae%29.&rft.au=Pound%2C+J+Mathews%3BMiller%2C+J+Allen%3BOehler%2C+Delbert+D&rft.aulast=Pound&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deaths due to unknown foodborne agents. AN - 66996577; 15498153 AB - This study reviews the available evidence on unknown pathogenic agents transmitted in food and examines the methods that have been used to estimate that such agents cause 3,400 deaths per year in the United States. The estimate of deaths was derived from hospital discharge and death certificate data on deaths attributed to gastroenteritis of unknown cause. Fatal illnesses due to unknown foodborne agents do not always involve gastroenteritis, and gastroenteritis may not be accurately diagnosed or reported on hospital charts or death certificates. The death estimate consequently omitted deaths from unknown foodborne agents that do not cause gastroenteritis and likely overstated the number of deaths from agents that cause gastroenteritis. Although the number of deaths from unknown foodborne agents is uncertain, the possible economic cost of these deaths is so large that increased efforts to identify the causal agents are warranted. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Frenzen, Paul D AD - Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20036, USA. pfrenzen@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 1536 EP - 1543 VL - 10 IS - 9 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Disease Notification -- standards KW - Gastroenteritis -- virology KW - Gastroenteritis -- diagnosis KW - Gastroenteritis -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Gastroenteritis -- mortality KW - Population Surveillance KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66996577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Deaths+due+to+unknown+foodborne+agents.&rft.au=Frenzen%2C+Paul+D&rft.aulast=Frenzen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1536&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2003 Sep 18;52(3):1-115 [14570230] Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Apr 15;38 Suppl 3:S190-7 [15095189] Med Care. 1981 Oct;19(10):1030-40 [7311635] JAMA. 1986 Jul 25;256(4):484-90 [3487659] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1991 May 10;40(18):303-5 [1902281] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1991 May 17;40(19):325-7 [1902548] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Sep 23;43(37):677, 683-4 [8078456] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995 Oct 6;44(39):724-7 [7565550] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995 Dec 8;44(48):892-3, 899-900 [7476846] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1996 Jan;9(1):1-17 [8665472] Am J Gastroenterol. 1998 May;93(5):852-3 [9625156] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998 Dec 25;47(50):1091-3 [9883771] Dig Dis. 1998 Sep-Oct;16(5):292-307 [9892789] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Mar 19;48(10):210-3 [10099022] Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1308-10 [10334977] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):607-25 [10511517] Mil Med. 1999 Dec;164(12):897-9 [10628165] Drug Saf. 2000 Jan;22(1):53-72 [10647976] J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Feb;38(2):547-51 [10655343] Am J Med. 2000 Aug 1;109(2):87-94 [10967148] Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Jan;96(1):126-31 [11197241] Arch Intern Med. 2001 Jan 22;161(2):277-84 [11176744] Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2001 May 18;49(2):1-32 [11381674] Rev Med Virol. 2001 Jul-Aug;11(4):243-52 [11479930] J Infect Dis. 2002 Jan 15;185(2):133-46 [11807686] N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 31;346(5):334-9 [11821511] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Feb;8(2):145-53 [11897065] J Infect Dis. 2003 Feb 1;187(3):441-52 [12552428] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An isolate of Aspergillus flavus used to reduce aflatoxin contamination in cottonseed has a defective polyketide synthase gene. AN - 66971384; 15235754 AB - Contamination of certain foods and feeds with the highly toxic and carcinogenic family of Aspergillus mycotoxins, the aflatoxins, can place a severe economic burden on farmers. As one strategy to reduce aflatoxin contamination, the non-aflatoxin-producing A. flavus isolate AF36 is currently being applied to agricultural fields to competitively exclude aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species. We now show that the polyketide synthase gene (pksA) required for aflatoxin biosynthesis in AF36, and in other members of the same vegetative compatibility group, possesses a nucleotide polymorphism near the beginning of the coding sequence. This nucleotide change introduces a premature stop codon into the coding sequence, thereby preventing enzyme production and aflatoxin accumulation. JF - Applied microbiology and biotechnology AU - Ehrlich, Kenneth C AU - Cotty, Peter J AD - Southern Regional Research Center/ARS/USDA, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA. ehrlich@srrc.ars.usda.gov. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 473 EP - 478 VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Codon, Nonsense KW - Cottonseed Oil KW - DNA, Fungal KW - RNA, Fungal KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Polyketide Synthases KW - 79956-01-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - RNA, Fungal -- analysis KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Gene Expression KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Base Sequence KW - Food Contamination KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- chemistry KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Polyketide Synthases -- genetics KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Aspergillus flavus -- enzymology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66971384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.atitle=An+isolate+of+Aspergillus+flavus+used+to+reduce+aflatoxin+contamination+in+cottonseed+has+a+defective+polyketide+synthase+gene.&rft.au=Ehrlich%2C+Kenneth+C%3BCotty%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Ehrlich&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=473&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+microbiology+and+biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of prechill fecal contamination on numbers of bacteria recovered from broiler chicken carcasses before and after immersion chilling. AN - 66924410; 15453571 AB - Paired carcass halves were used to test whether fecal contamination of skin during processing of broiler chickens can be detected by increased bacterial counts in samples taken before and after immersion chilling. In each of three trials, six freshly defeathered and eviscerated carcasses were cut in half, and a rectangle (3 by 5 cm) was marked with dots of ink on the breast skin of each half. One half of each pair was chosen randomly, and 0.1 g of freshly collected feces was spread over the rectangle with a spatula. After 10 min, both halves were sprayed with tap water for 10 to 15 s until feces could no longer be seen in the marked area. Both halves were sampled with a 1-min carcass rinse and were then put in a paddle chiller with other eviscerated carcasses for 45 min to simulate industrial immersion chilling. Immediately after chilling, each carcass half was subjected to another 1-min rinse, after which the skin within the rectangle was aseptically removed from the carcass halves and stomached. Rinses of fecally contaminated halves had significantly higher Enterobacteriaceae immediately before chilling, but there were no differences in coliform and Escherichia coli counts. After chilling, there were no differences in Enterobacteriaceae, coliform, and E. coli counts in rinse or skin samples from the paired carcass halves. Correlations were generally poor between counts in rinse and skin samples but were significant between prechill and postchill rinses for both control and fecally contaminated halves. Correlations were also significant between counts in rinses of control and contaminated halves of the same carcass after chilling. Bacterial counts in postchill carcass rinses did not indicate that fecal contamination occurred before chilling. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Cason, J A AU - Berrang, M E AU - Buhr, R J AU - Cox, N A AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. jcason@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 1829 EP - 1833 VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Food Contamination KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Hygiene KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Cold Temperature UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66924410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+prechill+fecal+contamination+on+numbers+of+bacteria+recovered+from+broiler+chicken+carcasses+before+and+after+immersion+chilling.&rft.au=Cason%2C+J+A%3BBerrang%2C+M+E%3BBuhr%2C+R+J%3BCox%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Cason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1829&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of insecticides and defoliants applied alone and in combination for control of overwintering boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis; Coleoptera: Curculionidae)--laboratory and field studies. AN - 66901904; 15382499 AB - In laboratory, greenhouse and field tests, we determined the effects of combining full rates of the defoliants tribufos and thidiazuron and the herbicide thifensulfuron-methyl with half rates of the insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin or azinphos-methyl, and the combination of tribufos and thidiazuron, both in half rates, on mortality of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman and on the quality of defoliation. Tribufos, 0.47 kg ha(-1) and tribufos, 0.235 kg ha(-1) + thidiazuron, 0.125 kg ha(-1) exhibited a slightly toxic effect to boll weevil, while tribufos, 0.47 kg ha(-1) + lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.019 kg ha(-1), tribufos, 0.47 kg ha(-1) + azinphos-methyl, 0.14 kg ha(-1), and tribufos, 0.235 kg ha(-1) + thidiazuron, 0.125 kg ha(-1) + azinphos-methyl, 0.14 kg ha(-l), provided control of boll weevil as good as or better than full-rate azinphos-methyl or lambda-cyhalothrin alone owing to synergistic effects. Thidiazuron or thifensulfuron-methyl alone or in combination with insecticides did not affect boll weevil mortality. Treatment with tribufos + thidiazuron, both at half rate, significantly increased defoliation compared to full rates of tribufos or thidiazuron alone, and provided adequate defoliation for approximately the same cost per hectare. JF - Pest management science AU - Greenberg, Shoil M AU - Sappington, Thomas W AU - Elzen, Gary W AU - Norman, John W AU - Sparks, Alton N AD - USDA, ARS, Areawide Pest Management Research Unit, Weslaco, Texas 78596, USA. sgreenberg@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 849 EP - 858 VL - 60 IS - 9 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Defoliants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Nitriles KW - Organothiophosphates KW - Phenylurea Compounds KW - Pyrethrins KW - Sulfonylurea Compounds KW - Thiadiazoles KW - Thiophenes KW - thidiazuron KW - 0091WH7STF KW - Azinphosmethyl KW - 265842EWUV KW - thifensulfuron methyl KW - 5VFH25ES6F KW - butyl phosphorotrithioate KW - 78-48-8 KW - cyhalothrin KW - V0V73PEB8M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Laboratories -- statistics & numerical data KW - Age Factors KW - Pyrethrins -- toxicity KW - Thiophenes -- toxicity KW - Azinphosmethyl -- toxicity KW - Organothiophosphates -- toxicity KW - Thiadiazoles -- toxicity KW - Sulfonylurea Compounds -- toxicity KW - Agriculture -- statistics & numerical data KW - Phenylurea Compounds -- toxicity KW - Drug Synergism KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Defoliants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Gossypium -- parasitology KW - Beetles -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66901904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+insecticides+and+defoliants+applied+alone+and+in+combination+for+control+of+overwintering+boll+weevil+%28Anthonomus+grandis%3B+Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29--laboratory+and+field+studies.&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+Shoil+M%3BSappington%2C+Thomas+W%3BElzen%2C+Gary+W%3BNorman%2C+John+W%3BSparks%2C+Alton+N&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Shoil&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of poultry diet on phosphorus in runoff from soils amended with poultry manure and compost. AN - 66861399; 15356246 AB - Phosphorus in runoff from fields where poultry litter is surface-applied is an environmental concern. We investigated the effect of adding phytase and reducing supplemental P in poultry diets and composting poultry manures, with and without Fe and Al amendments, on P in manures, composts, and runoff. We used four diets: normal (no phytase) with 0.4% supplemental P, normal + phytase, phytase + 0.3% P, and phytase + 0.2% P. Adding phytase and decreasing supplemental P in diets reduced total P but increased water-extractable P in manure. Compared with manures, composting reduced both total P, due to dilution of manure with woodchips and straw, and water-extractable P, but beyond a dilution effect so that the ratio of water-extractable P to total P was less in compost than manure. Adding Fe and Al during composting did not consistently change total P or water-extractable P. Manures and composts were surface-applied to soil boxes at a rate of 50 kg total P ha(-1) and subjected to simulated rainfall, with runoff collected for 30 min. For manures, phytase and decreased P in diets had no significant effect on total P or molybdate-reactive P loads (kg ha(-1)) in runoff. Composting reduced total P and molybdate-reactive P loads in runoff, and adding Fe and Al to compost reduced total P but not molybdate-reactive P loads in runoff. Molybdate-reactive P in runoff (mg box(-1)) was well correlated to water-extractable P applied to boxes (mg box(-1)) in manures and composts. Therefore, the final environmental impact of dietary phytase will depend on the management of poultry diets, manure, and farm-scale P balances. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Vadas, P A AU - Meisinger, J J AU - Sikora, L J AU - McMurtry, J P AU - Sefton, A E AD - PSWMRU, Building 3702, Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Peter.Vadas@ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1845 EP - 1854 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Manure KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Water Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - 6-Phytase KW - EC 3.1.3.26 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - 6-Phytase -- pharmacology KW - Water Movements KW - Refuse Disposal KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Animal Feed KW - Phosphorus -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66861399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Effect+of+poultry+diet+on+phosphorus+in+runoff+from+soils+amended+with+poultry+manure+and+compost.&rft.au=Vadas%2C+P+A%3BMeisinger%2C+J+J%3BSikora%2C+L+J%3BMcMurtry%2C+J+P%3BSefton%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Vadas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzyme activities and arylsulfatase protein content of dust and the soil source: biochemical fingerprints? AN - 66859267; 15356225 AB - Little is known about the potential of enzyme activities, which are sensitive to soil properties and management, for the characterization of dust properties. Enzyme activities may be among the dust properties key to identifying the soil source of dust. We generated dust (27 and 7 microm) under controlled laboratory conditions from agricultural soils (0-5 cm) with history of continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) or cotton rotated with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], rye (Secale cereale L.), or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different water management (irrigated or dryland) and tillage (conservation or conventional) systems. The 27- and 7-microm dust samples showed activities of beta-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulfatase, which are related to cellulose degradation and phosphorus and sulfur mineralization in soil, respectively. Dust samples generated from a loam and sandy clay loam showed higher enzyme activities compared with dust samples from a fine sandy loam. Enzyme activities of dust samples were significantly correlated to the activities of the soil source with r > 0.74 (P < 0.01). The arylsulfatase proteins contents of the soils (0.04-0.65 mg protein kg(-1) soil) were lower than values reported for soils from other regions, but still dust contained arylsulfatase protein. The three enzyme activities studied, as a group, separated the dust samples due to the crop rotation or tillage practice history of the soil source. The results indicated that the enzyme activities of dust will aid in providing better characterization of dust properties and expanding our understanding of soil and air quality impacts related to wind erosion. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Acosta-Martínez, V AU - Zobeck, T M AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory, 3810 Fourth Street, Lubbock, TX 79416, USA. vacostam@lbk.ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1653 EP - 1661 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Soil KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Arylsulfatases KW - EC 3.1.6.1 KW - beta-Glucosidase KW - EC 3.2.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Plants, Edible KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Wind KW - Soil Microbiology KW - beta-Glucosidase -- pharmacology KW - Arylsulfatases -- analysis KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- pharmacology KW - Arylsulfatases -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66859267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Enzyme+activities+and+arylsulfatase+protein+content+of+dust+and+the+soil+source%3A+biochemical+fingerprints%3F&rft.au=Acosta-Mart%C3%ADnez%2C+V%3BZobeck%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Acosta-Mart%C3%ADnez&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus in surface runoff from calcareous arable soils of the semiarid Western United States. AN - 66859199; 15356242 AB - Management strategies that minimize P transfer from agricultural land to water bodies are based on relationships between P concentrations in soil and runoff. This study evaluated such relationships for surface runoff generated by simulated sprinkler irrigation onto calcareous arable soils of the semiarid western United States. Irrigation was applied at 70 mm h(-1) to plots on four soils containing a wide range of extractable P concentrations. Two irrigation events were conducted on each plot, first onto dry soil and then after 24 h onto wet soil. Particulate P (>0.45 microm) was the dominant fraction in surface runoff from all soils and was strongly correlated with suspended sediment concentration. For individual soil types, filterable reactive P (<0.45 microm) concentrations were strongly correlated with all soil-test P methods, including environmental tests involving extraction with water (1:10 and 1:200 soil to solution ratio), 0.01 M CaCl(2), and iron strips. However, only the Olsen-P agronomic soil-test procedure gave models that were not significantly different among soils. Soil chemical differences, including lower CaCO(3) and water-extractable Ca, higher water-extractable Fe, and higher pH, appeared to account for differences in filterable reactive P concentrations in runoff from soils with similar extractable P concentrations. It may therefore be possible to use a single agronomic test to predict filterable reactive P concentrations in surface runoff from calcareous soils, but inherent dangers exist in assuming a consistent response, even for one soil within a single field. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Turner, Benjamin L AU - Kay, Mary A AU - Westermann, Dale T AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83301, USA. bturner@ifas.ufl.edu PY - 2004 SP - 1814 EP - 1821 VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Agriculture KW - Desert Climate KW - Water Movements KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Rain KW - Phosphorus -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66859199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+in+surface+runoff+from+calcareous+arable+soils+of+the+semiarid+Western+United+States.&rft.au=Turner%2C+Benjamin+L%3BKay%2C+Mary+A%3BWestermann%2C+Dale+T&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adaptive response of yeasts to furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and new chemical evidence for HMF conversion to 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran. AN - 66834972; 15338422 AB - Renewable lignocellulosic materials are attractive low-cost feedstocks for bioethanol production. Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are among the most potent inhibitory compounds generated from acid hydrolysis of lignocelluloses to simple sugars for fermentation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 211239 and NRRL Y-12632 and Pichia stipitis NRRL Y-7124, furfural and HMF inhibition were determined to be dose-dependent at concentrations from 10 to 120 mM. The yeast strains were more sensitive to inhibition by furfural than HMF at the same concentration, while combined treatment of furfural and HMF synergistically suppressed cell growth. A metabolite transformed from HMF by strain NRRL Y-12632 was isolated from the culture supernatant, and conclusively identified as 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran, a previously postulated HMF alcohol, with a composition of C6H8O3 and a molecular weight of 128. It is proposed that, in the presence of HMF, the yeast reduces the aldehyde group on the furan ring of HMF into an alcohol, in a similar manner as for furfural. The accumulation of this biotransformed metabolite may be less toxic to yeast cultures than HMF, as evidenced by the rapid yeast fermentation and growth rates associated with HMF conversion. The ability of yeasts to adapt to and transform furfural and HMF offers the potential for in situ detoxification of these inhibitors and suggests a genetic basis for further development of highly tolerant strains for biofuel production. JF - Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology AU - Liu, Z L AU - Slininger, P J AU - Dien, B S AU - Berhow, M A AU - Kurtzman, C P AU - Gorsich, S W AD - Crop Bioprotection, Fermentation Biotechnology, Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing, and New Crops and Processing Technology Research Units, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. liuzl@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 345 EP - 352 VL - 31 IS - 8 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Furans KW - 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan KW - 1883-75-6 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - 5-hydroxymethylfurfural KW - 70ETD81LF0 KW - Furaldehyde KW - DJ1HGI319P KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Antifungal Agents -- pharmacology KW - Fermentation KW - Biotransformation KW - Antifungal Agents -- metabolism KW - Glucose -- metabolism KW - Adaptation, Physiological KW - Ethanol -- metabolism KW - Biomass KW - Molecular Weight KW - Culture Media -- chemistry KW - Furans -- metabolism KW - Pichia -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- growth & development KW - Furaldehyde -- analogs & derivatives KW - Pichia -- metabolism KW - Pichia -- drug effects KW - Furans -- isolation & purification KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- metabolism KW - Furans -- chemistry KW - Furaldehyde -- pharmacology KW - Furaldehyde -- metabolism KW - Pichia -- growth & development KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66834972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology+%26+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Adaptive+response+of+yeasts+to+furfural+and+5-hydroxymethylfurfural+and+new+chemical+evidence+for+HMF+conversion+to+2%2C5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Z+L%3BSlininger%2C+P+J%3BDien%2C+B+S%3BBerhow%2C+M+A%3BKurtzman%2C+C+P%3BGorsich%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology+%26+biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The podrocker; a kinder, gentler way to flip large blocks AN - 51707697; 2005-044142 JF - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology AU - Madsen, Scott AU - Hopwood, Ronald AU - Gray, Dale AU - Ting, Suyin AU - Gingerich, Philip AU - Higgins, Pennilyn AU - Small, Bryan AU - Fox, Marilyn Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 88 PB - University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK VL - 24 IS - 3, Suppl. SN - 0272-4634, 0272-4634 KW - United States KW - Chordata KW - block structures KW - Dinosaur National Monument KW - public lands KW - podrocker KW - excavations KW - Reptilia KW - national monuments KW - sampling KW - dinosaurs KW - Vertebrata KW - Tetrapoda KW - instruments KW - field studies KW - 11:Vertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51707697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=The+podrocker%3B+a+kinder%2C+gentler+way+to+flip+large+blocks&rft.au=Madsen%2C+Scott%3BHopwood%2C+Ronald%3BGray%2C+Dale%3BTing%2C+Suyin%3BGingerich%2C+Philip%3BHiggins%2C+Pennilyn%3BSmall%2C+Bryan%3BFox%2C+Marilyn&rft.aulast=Madsen&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.issn=02724634&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.bioone.org/loi/vrpa LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 64th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - block structures; Chordata; Dinosaur National Monument; dinosaurs; excavations; field studies; instruments; national monuments; podrocker; public lands; Reptilia; sampling; Tetrapoda; United States; Vertebrata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vertebrate ichnofossils from the Upper Jurassic Stump to Morrison formational transition, Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Utah AN - 51707289; 2005-043877 JF - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology AU - Bilbey, Sue Ann AU - Mickelson, Debra AU - Hall, Evan AU - Madsen, Scott AU - Todd, Chauncie AU - Kirkland, James AU - Ting, Suyin AU - Gingerich, Philip AU - Higgins, Pennilyn AU - Small, Bryan AU - Fox, Marilyn Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 39 PB - University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK VL - 24 IS - 3, Suppl. SN - 0272-4634, 0272-4634 KW - United States KW - Diapsida KW - ichnofossils KW - sandstone KW - ripple marks KW - Sauropoda KW - Archosauria KW - Sundance Formation KW - bedding plane irregularities KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Daggett County Utah KW - Morrison Formation KW - dinosaurs KW - sedimentary structures KW - Chordata KW - Flaming Gorge Reservoir KW - Upper Jurassic KW - Jurassic KW - tracks KW - nearshore environment KW - paleogeography KW - Mesozoic KW - Sauropodomorpha KW - Salt Wash Sandstone Member KW - Reptilia KW - Stump Formation KW - Saurischia KW - Utah KW - Vertebrata KW - fluvial environment KW - clastic rocks KW - Tetrapoda KW - preservation KW - northeastern Utah KW - 11:Vertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51707289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=Vertebrate+ichnofossils+from+the+Upper+Jurassic+Stump+to+Morrison+formational+transition%2C+Flaming+Gorge+Reservoir%2C+Utah&rft.au=Bilbey%2C+Sue+Ann%3BMickelson%2C+Debra%3BHall%2C+Evan%3BMadsen%2C+Scott%3BTodd%2C+Chauncie%3BKirkland%2C+James%3BTing%2C+Suyin%3BGingerich%2C+Philip%3BHiggins%2C+Pennilyn%3BSmall%2C+Bryan%3BFox%2C+Marilyn&rft.aulast=Bilbey&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.issn=02724634&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.bioone.org/loi/vrpa LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 64th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Archosauria; bedding plane irregularities; Chordata; clastic rocks; Daggett County Utah; Diapsida; dinosaurs; Flaming Gorge Reservoir; fluvial environment; ichnofossils; Jurassic; Mesozoic; Morrison Formation; nearshore environment; northeastern Utah; paleogeography; preservation; Reptilia; ripple marks; Salt Wash Sandstone Member; sandstone; Saurischia; Sauropoda; Sauropodomorpha; sedimentary rocks; sedimentary structures; Stump Formation; Sundance Formation; Tetrapoda; tracks; United States; Upper Jurassic; Utah; Vertebrata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiological survey of Dry Mesa Quarry of Colorado, to evaluate the amount and location of subsurface fossil bone remaining in the quarry AN - 51706932; 2005-044082 JF - Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology AU - Jones, Ramal AU - Ambrose, Peter AU - Ting, Suyin AU - Gingerich, Philip AU - Higgins, Pennilyn AU - Small, Bryan AU - Fox, Marilyn Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 77 PB - University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK VL - 24 IS - 3, Suppl. SN - 0272-4634, 0272-4634 KW - United States KW - Chordata KW - geophysical surveys KW - quarries KW - vertebrae KW - geophysical methods KW - mapping KW - Montrose County Colorado KW - excavations KW - radioactivity methods KW - bones KW - surveys KW - Dry Mesa Quarry KW - Vertebrata KW - Colorado KW - instruments KW - buried features KW - 11:Vertebrate paleontology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51706932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=Radiological+survey+of+Dry+Mesa+Quarry+of+Colorado%2C+to+evaluate+the+amount+and+location+of+subsurface+fossil+bone+remaining+in+the+quarry&rft.au=Jones%2C+Ramal%3BAmbrose%2C+Peter%3BTing%2C+Suyin%3BGingerich%2C+Philip%3BHiggins%2C+Pennilyn%3BSmall%2C+Bryan%3BFox%2C+Marilyn&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Ramal&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.issn=02724634&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.bioone.org/loi/vrpa LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 64th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bones; buried features; Chordata; Colorado; Dry Mesa Quarry; excavations; geophysical methods; geophysical surveys; instruments; mapping; Montrose County Colorado; quarries; radioactivity methods; surveys; United States; vertebrae; Vertebrata ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow Characteristics of a Pilot-Scale High Temperature, Short Time Pasteurizer AN - 21272428; 5991338 AB - In this study, we present a method for determining the fastest moving particle (FMP) and residence time distribution (RTD) in a pilot-scale high temperature, short time (HTST) pasteurizer to ensure that laboratory or pilot- scale HTST apparatus meets the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance standards for pasteurization of milk and can be used for obtaining thermal inactivation data. The overall dimensions of the plate in the pasteurizer were 75 x 115 mm, with a thickness of 0.5 mm and effective diameter of 3.0 mm. The pasteurizer was equipped with nominal 21.5- and 52.2-s hold tubes, and flow capacity was variable from 0 to 20 L/h. Tracer studies were used to determine FMP times and RTD data to establish flow characteristics. Using brine milk as tracer, the FMP time for the short holding section was 18.6 s and for the long holding section was 36 s at 72C, compared with the nominal times of 21.5 and 52.2 s, respectively. The RTD study indicates that the short hold section was 45% back mixed and 55% plug flow for whole milk at 72C. The long hold section was 91% plug and 9% back mixed for whole milk at 72C. This study demonstrates that continuous laboratory and pilot-scale pasteurizers may be used to study inactivation of microorganisms only if the flow conditions in the holding tube are established for comparison with commercial HTST systems. JF - Journal of Dairy Science AU - Tomasula, P M AU - Kozempel, M F AD - Dairy Processing and Products Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, PA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 2761 EP - 2768 VL - 87 IS - 9 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Tracers KW - Data processing KW - Pasteurized milk KW - Microorganisms KW - Pasteurization KW - Brines KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21272428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.atitle=Flow+Characteristics+of+a+Pilot-Scale+High+Temperature%2C+Short+Time+Pasteurizer&rft.au=Tomasula%2C+P+M%3BKozempel%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Tomasula&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2761&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Tracers; Data processing; Pasteurized milk; Microorganisms; Pasteurization; Brines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population densities of yellow starthistle (Centaurea Solstitialis) in Turkey AN - 20834024; 6052877 AB - Yellow starthistle is one of the most important alien invasive weeds in the western United States. It has been targeted for biological control based on the assumption that its abundance is limited by natural enemies in its native region but not in the United States. The geographic center of diversity for yellow starthistle appears to be in Turkey. This region is being explored to discover potential biological control agents; however, there is no quantitative information regarding the population density or dynamics of the plant in this region. Such information could help determine which natural enemies help suppress the plant in its land of origin. We measured densities of yellow starthistle plants and seeds during 2 yr at three locations in central Turkey. Densities of mature plants were about 4% of those measured at sites in California. Densities of capitula and seeds produced were about 60 and 65%, respectively, of those measured in California. The greatest difference between the two regions appears to be the densities of mature plants, which indicates the importance of focusing research on natural enemies that reduce plant survival. Nomenclature: Yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. CENSO. JF - Weed Science AU - Uygur, S AU - Smith, L AU - Uygur, F N AU - Cristofaro, M AU - Balciunas, J AD - Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University, TR-01330 Adana, Turkey, lsmith@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 746 EP - 753 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Nomenclature KW - Centaurea solstitialis KW - Weeds KW - Seeds KW - Natural enemies KW - Abundance KW - Population density KW - Survival KW - A 01370:Biological Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20834024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Population+densities+of+yellow+starthistle+%28Centaurea+Solstitialis%29+in+Turkey&rft.au=Uygur%2C+S%3BSmith%2C+L%3BUygur%2C+F+N%3BCristofaro%2C+M%3BBalciunas%2C+J&rft.aulast=Uygur&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=746&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282004%290522.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-1745&volume=52&page=746 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nomenclature; Biological control; Weeds; Seeds; Natural enemies; Abundance; Population density; Survival; Centaurea solstitialis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2004)052<0746:PDOYSC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symposium Long-term weed management studies in the Pacific Northwest AN - 20152618; 6052898 AB - The winter wheat production system of the Pacific Northwest is characterized by severe wind and water erosion and winter annual grass weeds requiring high herbicide input. Since 1985, numerous multi- and interdisciplinary, long-term, large-scale, integrated cropping systems studies have been or are currently being conducted. The primary focus of these studies was on weed biology, ecology, and management, whereas secondary evaluations were on alternative cropping systems, conservation tillage, and fertilizer or herbicide inputs. The 6-yr integrated pest management project, conducted in the high-rainfall zone (> 400 mm), showed for the first time that when weeds were adequately managed, conservation production systems were more profitable than conventional systems. In the intermediate rainfall zone (350 to 400 mm), a recently concluded 6-yr, three-state study integrated single-component research results into a multifaceted approach to managing jointed goatgrass. This project has been used as a model study for other western states and the National Jointed Goatgrass Research Initiative. At present (9 yr thus far), a study is being conducted in the low-rainfall zone (< 350 mm) to examine the feasibility of no-till spring cropping systems in lieu of the highly erosive, weed infested, wheat-fallow system. Because of these projects, the Washington Wheat Commission recognized the importance of long-term, interdisciplinary, cropping systems research and has therefore established an Endowed Chair at Washington State University for direct seed cropping systems research. Federal, national, and regional agencies have used information from these projects for farm plans and pesticide usage. Nomenclature: Jointed goatgrass, Aegilops cylindrica HOST AECY; wheat, Triticum aestivum L. JF - Weed Science AU - Young, F L AD - Corresponding author. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, youngfl@wsu.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 897 EP - 903 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Grasses KW - Rainfall KW - crop production KW - no-till cropping KW - INE, USA, Washington KW - INE, USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Ecology KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Fertilizers KW - farms KW - Water springs KW - integrated pest management KW - wheat KW - weed control KW - Herbicides KW - Erosion KW - winter KW - Pesticides KW - Conservation KW - Aegilops cylindrica KW - tillage KW - weeds KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20152618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Symposium+Long-term+weed+management+studies+in+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Young%2C+F+L&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282004%290522.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-1745&volume=52&page=897 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Aegilops cylindrica; INE, USA, Washington; INE, USA, Pacific Northwest; weeds; Conservation; wheat; Herbicides; winter; Feasibility studies; farms; Ecology; weed control; Erosion; Rainfall; Water springs; integrated pest management; Grasses; no-till cropping; Fertilizers; Pesticides; crop production; tillage DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2004)052<0897:SLWMSI>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TECHNIQUES FOR MOLECULAR ANALYSIS: The use of vapor phase extraction in metabolic profiling of phytohormones and other metabolites AN - 19812852; 6011950 AB - Through complex networks of signaling interactions, phytohormones regulate growth, development, reproduction and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Comprehensive metabolomic approaches, seeking to quantify changes in vast numbers of plant metabolites, may ultimately clarify these complex signaling interactions and consequently explain pleiotropic effects on plant metabolism. Synergistic and antagonistic phytohormone signaling interactions, referred to as crosstalk, are often considered at the level of transduction without proper consideration of synthesis or accumulation of phytohormones because of the limitation and difficulty in quantifying numerous signals. Significant progress has recently been made in the expansion of metabolic profiling and analysis of multiple phytohormones [Birkemeyer et al. (J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 993, 89); Chiwocha et al. (Plant J., 2003, 35, 405); Mueller et al. (Planta, 2002, 216, 44); Schmelz et al. (Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 2003, 100, 10552)]. We recently presented a novel metabolic profiling approach to the analysis of acidic phytohormones and other metabolites based on a simplistic preparation scheme and analysis by chemical ionization-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We now provide a detailed description of this vapor phase extraction technique and use pathogen infection of Arabidopsis with Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 to illustrate metabolic changes in salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, unsaturated C sub(18) fatty acids, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, and phytotoxin coronatine. Directions for further method expansion are provided and include issues of recovery, derivatization, range of accessible analytes, optimization, reproducibility and future directions. JF - Plant Journal AU - Schmelz, E A AU - Engelberth, J AU - Tumlinson, J H AU - Block, A AU - Alborn, H T AD - Center of Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1600/1700 Southwest 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA, eschmelz@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 790 EP - 808 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chromatography KW - Abscisic acid KW - Phytotoxins KW - Stress KW - Metabolites KW - Pathogens KW - Jasmonic acid KW - Infection KW - Salicylic acid KW - Cinnamic acid KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Vapors KW - Coronatine KW - Fatty acids KW - Arabidopsis KW - Reproduction KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - metabolomics KW - Signal transduction KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19812852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Journal&rft.atitle=TECHNIQUES+FOR+MOLECULAR+ANALYSIS%3A+The+use+of+vapor+phase+extraction+in+metabolic+profiling+of+phytohormones+and+other+metabolites&rft.au=Schmelz%2C+E+A%3BEngelberth%2C+J%3BTumlinson%2C+J+H%3BBlock%2C+A%3BAlborn%2C+H+T&rft.aulast=Schmelz&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=790&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Journal&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-313X.2004.02168.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chromatography; Abscisic acid; Phytotoxins; Stress; Metabolites; Pathogens; Infection; Jasmonic acid; Salicylic acid; Mass spectroscopy; Cinnamic acid; Vapors; Coronatine; Fatty acids; Reproduction; metabolomics; Signal transduction; Arabidopsis; Pseudomonas syringae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02168.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dainty Plant Outpowers Cadmium-Contaminated Soils AN - 19581436; 7292386 JF - Agricultural Research AU - Chaney, R AD - USDA-ARS Animal Manure and Byproducts Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC-West, Bldg. 007, Room 013, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, chaneyr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 22 VL - 52 IS - 9 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Cadmium KW - Soil contamination KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19581436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Dainty+Plant+Outpowers+Cadmium-Contaminated+Soils&rft.au=Chaney%2C+R&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural pollution; Cadmium; Soil contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing Salinity in the Lower Colorado River Region AN - 19576885; 7292385 AB - The irrigated farms of America's Southwest are known for pro-ducing bountiful fruits, vegetables, tree nuts, alfalfa, and even turfgrass. They've also become famous for their salt. Excess salt--affecting about 30 percent of U.S. irrigated land--reduces water and nutrient uptake by plants and crops. The buildup of salts, pes-ticides, and other trace constituents, such as boron, also threatens water resources. In response to the growing salini-ty problems of the thirsty states in the lower Colorado River region, a partnership was created 4 years ago between the Agricultural Research Service's George E. Brown, Jr., Salinity Laboratory, in Riverside, California, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). This collaboration, known as the Lower Colorado Region Salinity Assessment Network (LCRSAN), has helped advance the agencies' shared goals: to monitor, control, and curb soil salinization in the area. JF - Agricultural Research AU - peabody, E AD - USDA-ARS Information Staff, 5610 SunnysideAve., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, ekpeabody@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 16 VL - 52 IS - 9 SN - 0002-161X, 0002-161X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Laboratories KW - Salinization KW - Nutrients KW - Alfalfa KW - USA, Colorado R. KW - Salts KW - USA, Colorado KW - Salinity KW - Assessments KW - Networks KW - USA, California KW - SW 7060:Research facilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19576885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+Research&rft.atitle=Managing+Salinity+in+the+Lower+Colorado+River+Region&rft.au=peabody%2C+E&rft.aulast=peabody&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=16&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+Research&rft.issn=0002161X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Salts; Salinity; Assessments; Laboratories; Networks; Nutrients; Salinization; Alfalfa; USA, Colorado R.; USA, Colorado; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ploidy, water, and nitrogen effects on Russian wildrye chemical composition AN - 19555011; 8697806 AB - Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], a cool-season introduced bunchgrass, offers producers an alternative to crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes] for spring and fall grazing in the Northern Great Plains. Tetraploid Russian wildrye with improved seedling establishment may offer even greater potential for seasonal grazing. This study investigates how the concentrations of some nutritive quality components in leaf, stem, and inflorescence tissue of diploid and tetraploid Russian wildrye were affected by growing season water (50 and 150% of average precipitation) and fertilizer (10 and 134 kg N ha-1). Plants were sampled at vegetative, boot, anthesis, and anthesis plus 10-day stages of maturity in 1994, 1995, and 1996. Tetraploid plants had slightly (P < 0.05) less crude protein (CP) in leaf, stem and inflorescence tissue than diploid plants. Plants grown at the 50% water treatment had higher CP and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in leaf and inflorescence tissue, while in stem tissue only CP was affected by the growing season water treatment. Nitrogen fertilizer resulted in greater CP and IVDMD and lower ADF and NDF in all 3 plant tissues. Maturity affects were consistent over leaf, stem and inflorescence tissue, with CP and IVDMD declining and ADF and NDF increasing as plants matured. There were some differences in nutritive quality components between diploid and tetraploid plants, but overall their qualities were comparable and quite good. Crude protein at all stages of maturity in leaf and inflorescence tissue would have been adequate for most classes of beef cattle, while stem tissue CP would have only been adequate for lower producing animals. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Karn, J F AU - Frank, Ab AU - Berdahl, J D AU - Poland, W W AD - Research Animal Scientist, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, P. O. Box 459, Mandan, N.D. 58554 Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 503 EP - 510 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - diploid KW - tetraploid KW - stage of maturity KW - rain shelter KW - forage quality KW - Diploids KW - Detergents KW - Grazing KW - Ploidy KW - Leaves KW - Precipitation KW - Rangelands KW - Fibers KW - Fertilizers KW - Water treatment KW - Agropyron desertorum KW - Beef KW - Digestibility KW - Dry matter KW - Seedlings KW - Maturity KW - Nitrogen KW - G 07800:Plants and Algae KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19555011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Ploidy%2C+water%2C+and+nitrogen+effects+on+Russian+wildrye+chemical+composition&rft.au=Karn%2C+J+F%3BFrank%2C+Ab%3BBerdahl%2C+J+D%3BPoland%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Karn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%29057%5C2.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diploids; Grazing; Detergents; Leaves; Ploidy; Precipitation; Fibers; Rangelands; Fertilizers; Water treatment; Beef; Digestibility; Dry matter; Seedlings; Maturity; Nitrogen; Agropyron desertorum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057\[0503:PWANEO\]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What makes a weed a weed: life history traits of native and exotic plants in the USA AN - 19416830; 6018043 AB - I compared ten life history traits (vegetative reproduction, breeding system, compatibility, pollination system, shade tolerance, habitat, life span, life form, morphology, and toxicity) from two existing databases for the 19,960 plant species that occur in the USA. I used two-way tests of independence to determine if there were significant life history traits that distinguish weeds from non-weeds, exotic weeds from native weeds, and invasive exotic weeds from non-invasive exotic weeds. Life span was the most significant life history trait for weeds in general; weeds were more likely to be annuals and biennials and less likely to perennials than non-weeds. In addition, vegetative reproduction, breeding system, compatibility, shade tolerance, and life form were related to life span. Annual and biennial weeds (whether native, exotic, or exotic invasives) were more likely to be wetland adapted, armed, and toxic than annual or biennial non-weeds. Perennial weeds (whether native, exotic, or exotic invasives) were less likely to be forbs or subshrubs, and more likely to be wetland adapted, toxic, shade intolerant, grasses, vines and trees than perennial non-weeds. Exotic annual and perennial weeds were less likely to be wetland species than native weeds, but more likely to be wetland species than non-weeds. Invasive exotic weeds, in contrast, were less likely to be forbs and more likely to be perennial, monoecious, self-incompatible, and trees and than non-invasive exotics. JF - Oecologia AU - Sutherland, S AD - Fire Sciences Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 59807, Missoula, MT, USA, ssutherland@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 24 EP - 39 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 141 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pollination KW - Weeds KW - Life span KW - Toxicity tolerance KW - Longevity KW - USA KW - Life history KW - Wetlands KW - Introduced species KW - Vegetative reproduction KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19416830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=What+makes+a+weed+a+weed%3A+life+history+traits+of+native+and+exotic+plants+in+the+USA&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+S&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00442-004-1628-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollination; Weeds; Life history; Wetlands; Introduced species; Toxicity tolerance; Longevity; Vegetative reproduction; Life span; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1628-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regrowth and production of herbaceous riparian vegetation following defoliation AN - 19339116; 8697799 AB - Stubble height regulations are frequently used to manage livestock grazing of herbaceous riparian vegetation. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of stubble height, time of clipping and soil water status on production and regrowth of herbaceous riparian vegetation. We used a randomized block design with 4 study sites on each of 3 small (< 2m width) streams in northern Harney County, Ore. In June and July of 2000-2003, 40 50 cm experimental plots were clipped to stubble heights of 5.1 (2 inch), 10.2 (4 inch), or 15.2 cm (6 inch), and paired control plots were left unclipped. Complete treatment sets were located adjacent to the stream and 4 m from the stream at each site. All plots were clipped to 1 cm in October and regrowth was calculated by comparing clipped and control plots. Water table depth was measured weekly using PVC wells. Results indicate that height regrowth was associated positively with stubble height (P < 0.01) and was less with July compared to June clipping (P = 0.02). Weight regrowth was also positively related to stubble height (P < 0.01) and decreased with July compared to June clipping (P = 0.04) whereas annual aboveground production increased with July clipping (P = 0.02). Annual production values for clipped plots were higher than for unclipped plots, indicating compensatory production in response to defoliation. Plots distant from the stream had less water availability, but regrowth and production were not strongly influenced by distance from active stream channel. Timing and intensity of defoliation were reliable predictors of regrowth and production performance. Most clipping height time combinations produced end of season heights sufficient to meet current federal stubble height requirements (i.e., 10-15 cm). Our results provide insight on the timing and intensity of defoliation that will allow for adequate regrowth to meet different management objectives. However, other factors such as stream channel morphology, animal selectivity, and annual weather variation will need to be considered. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Boyd, Chad S AU - Svejcar, Tony J AD - Rangeland Scientists, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, 67826-A, Hwy 205, Burns, Ore. 97720. The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly operated by the USDA-ARS and the Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 448 EP - 454 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - grazing KW - clipping KW - stubble height KW - compensatory growth KW - Soil KW - Weather KW - Rangelands KW - Grazing KW - Stubble KW - Vegetation KW - Defoliation KW - Streams KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19339116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Regrowth+and+production+of+herbaceous+riparian+vegetation+following+defoliation&rft.au=Boyd%2C+Chad+S%3BSvejcar%2C+Tony+J&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%29057%5C2.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Rangelands; Weather; Grazing; Stubble; Vegetation; Defoliation; Streams DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057\[0448:RAPOHR\]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Salmonellae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Fecal Coliforms in Bulk Tank Milk on US Dairies AN - 19288338; 5991345 AB - The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and fecal coliforms in bulk tank milk in the United States. As part of the NAHMS Dairy 2002 survey, 861 bulk tank milk samples were collected from farms in 21 states. Milk was directly plated on selective agars for direct bacterial enumeration and was enriched in selective broths to increase detection sensitivity. Somatic cell counts (SCC) and standard plate counts (SPC) were also determined. Coliforms were detected in 95% (818 of 860) of the samples, and the average SCC was 295,000 cells/mL. Twenty-two samples (2.6%) were culture-positive for Salmonella, and 9 serotypes were identified: Montevideo (n = 7), Newport (n = 4), Muenster (n = 2), Meleagridis (n = 2), Cerro (n = 2), 44:Z36 (Z38) (n = 2), Dublin (n = 1), Anatum (n = 1), and 9, 12:nonmo-tile (n = 1). Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 56 (6.5%) samples, and serotyping of these isolates yielded 5 serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 3b, 4b, and 4c). Of the L. monocytogenes isolates, 93% were serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b, the most common human clinical isolates. Regional differences in L. monocytogenes and Salmonella prevalence were observed, but more studies are needed to determine the validity of these differences. There were no apparent relationships between SCC or SPC and incidence of Salmonella or L. monocytogenes. Although the prevalence of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella was low, these pathogens represent a potential risk to consumers of raw milk and raw milk products. JF - Journal of Dairy Science AU - Van Kessel, JS AU - Karns, J S AU - Gorski, L AU - Mccluskey, B J AU - Perdue, M L AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 2822 EP - 2830 VL - 87 IS - 9 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Agar KW - Coliforms KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Milk KW - Farms KW - Serotypes KW - Serotyping KW - Pathogens KW - Somatic cells KW - Milk products KW - Dairies KW - Consumers KW - Salmonella KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288338?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Salmonellae%2C+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+and+Fecal+Coliforms+in+Bulk+Tank+Milk+on+US+Dairies&rft.au=Van+Kessel%2C+JS%3BKarns%2C+J+S%3BGorski%2C+L%3BMccluskey%2C+B+J%3BPerdue%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Van+Kessel&rft.aufirst=JS&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2822&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Dairy+Science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clinical isolates; Agar; Fecal coliforms; Coliforms; Serotypes; Farms; Milk; Serotyping; Pathogens; Somatic cells; Dairies; Milk products; Consumers; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of oleander leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Texas AN - 18063273; 6080350 AB - Bacterial leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa has been reported on oleander in California (3) and Florida (4). In June 2002, leaf scorch symptoms including chlorotic mottling of leaves, necrosis on leaf tips or whole leaves, defoliation, and shortened internodes were observed in oleander plants at various locations in Texas, including Galveston, Harlingen, Austin, San Antonio, and El Campo. The symptomatic varieties Calypso, Commandant Barthelemy, Lane Taylor Sealy, Little Red, Mrs. George Roeding, Mrs. Runge, Scarlet Beauty, and Petite Salmon, as well as symptomless varieties, Turner's Shari D and Sugarland from Moody Gardens in Galveston, Texas were sampled. All samples were tested for the presence of X. fastidiosa using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and bacterial isolation according to the methods of Huang and Sherald (2). All symptomatic varieties reacted positively in ELISA, and colonies characteristic of X. fastidiosa were isolated from all eight symptomatic varieties 10 to 15 days after incubation at 28 degree C. The colonies were confirmed to be X. fastidiosa using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (2). ELISA tests and bacterial isolations from the symptomless Shari D and Sugarland varieties were negative. Membrane entrapment immunofluorescence (MEIF) (1) using the antibody CREC 26 to X. fastidiosa was also done on three of the symptomatic varieties and one asymptomatic variety obtained from Moody Gardens, and fluorescing bacteria were found only in the three symptomatic varieties. Symptomatic samples of Petite Salmon, one pink variety and one red variety obtained from a residential area west of Galveston, and a red oleander in Harlingen, TX, also tested positive with MEIF. Other ELISA-positive samples were obtained from symptomatic oleanders from Austin, San Antonio, and El Campo, TX. The X. fastidiosa bacteria isolated from the variety Lane Taylor Sealy were used to inoculate three red oleander plants by making an 8-cm-long vertical cut into the stem and then in 15 locations injecting approximately 15 mu 1 of a X. fastidiosa suspension (10 super(8-9) cells per ml). The cut area was wrapped with Parafilm after inoculation, and the plants were kept at 29 degree C in a greenhouse. Three healthy red oleanders were inoculated with periwinkle wilt liquid medium for controls. Approximately 3 months after inoculation, chlorotic mottling along the edges of leaves was observed in the oleanders inoculated with X. fastidiosa, and the bacterium was reisolated from symptomatic leaves as described above. No symptoms were observed on the control plants, and bacterial isolation from the control plants was also negative. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show the causal role of X. fastidiosa in oleander leaf scorch and the presence of the disease in different locations in Texas, extending the geographic range of this important bacterial disease. JF - Plant Disease AU - Huang, Q AU - Brlansky, R H AU - Barnes, L AU - Li, W AU - Hartung, J S AD - Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, U.S. National Arboretum, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1049 VL - 88 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Oleander KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Geographical distribution KW - Plant diseases KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - Nerium oleander KW - USA, Texas KW - Leaf scorch KW - Media (isolation) KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18063273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+oleander+leaf+scorch+caused+by+Xylella+fastidiosa+in+Texas&rft.au=Huang%2C+Q%3BBrlansky%2C+R+H%3BBarnes%2C+L%3BLi%2C+W%3BHartung%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1049&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nerium oleander; Xylella fastidiosa; USA, Texas; Plant diseases; Leaf scorch; Geographical distribution; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Media (isolation); Immunofluorescence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of autumn planting date and stand age on severity of stem rust in seed crops of perennial ryegrass AN - 18062083; 6080335 AB - Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) grown for seed is planted in autumn for July harvest (first-year seed crop), then kept in production for subsequent yearly harvests. Plots of first-year perennial ryegrass planted in early November had only 3% as much stem rust in June as plots planted in mid-September. In other plots where fungicides were used to prevent rust development, seed yield from the November-planted plots was reduced by 23% compared with September-planted plots. In the second-year seed crop, stem rust severity in June was intermediate between severities in early- and late-planted first-year plots. The association of reduced stem rust severity with late planting for first-year crops was observed for five of six perennial ryegrass cultivars tested. Degree of reduction in disease severity due to planting date was greatest for the cultivars that had the highest disease severity in early-planted stands. Delay of autumn planting date may provide a useful cultural control method for first-year stands of perennial ryegrass seed crops. JF - Plant Disease AU - Pfender, W F AD - USDA-ARS National Forage Seed Production Research Center and Oregon State University Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 3450 S.W. Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, pfenderw@onid.orst.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1017 EP - 1020 VL - 88 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Cereal rust KW - Perennial ryegrass KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Seeds KW - Plant diseases KW - Stem rust KW - Puccinia graminis KW - Lolium perenne KW - Planting KW - Seasonal variations KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18062083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effect+of+autumn+planting+date+and+stand+age+on+severity+of+stem+rust+in+seed+crops+of+perennial+ryegrass&rft.au=Pfender%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Pfender&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1017&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia graminis; Lolium perenne; Plant diseases; Stem rust; Seeds; Planting; Seasonal variations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scent Marking by Males of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 18061987; 6056140 AB - Males of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (medfly), defend individual leaves as mating territories. While perching, males release an air-borne pheromone (known to attract females) from everted rectal epithelium at the tip of the abdomen. Males also occasionally touch the substrate with the tip of their abdomen. The main objective of the present study was to determine whether such abdomen dipping was a form of intersexual signaling, i.e., whether this action resulted in increased female visitation to the territory. Following observations on the frequency of pheromone calling and abdomen dipping of individually marked males, I ran a standard set of experiments using leaves from four different plant species. Leaves were exposed to varying numbers of (mature) males and females, respectively, for varying durations, and female settlement was compared on exposed versus nonexposed leaves in laboratory cages. Exposing leaves to females had no, or little, influence on female distribution for any of the four plant species. Exposing leaves to males had little influence on subsequent female settlement for orange, coffee, or macadamia trees. However, leaves of the fig tree Ficus bejamina that were exposed to males were much more attractive to females than nonexposed leaves. I then conducted a series of additional tests using fig leaves and found that i) leaf exposure to immature males had no effect on female distribution, ii) leaf exposure to mature males for as little as 90 min increased leaf attractiveness to females, iii) prohibiting males direct contact with the leaf during exposure eliminated any effect on female settlement, and iv) females discriminated between exposed and nonexposed leaves even in physically complex environments (i.e., potted plants). The possible role of abdomen dipping in sexual advertisement of male medflies is discussed. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Shelly, TE AD - Center for Conservation Research and Training, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 709 EP - 722 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Diptera KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - Fruit flies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Sex pheromone KW - Tephritidae KW - Chemical communication KW - Scent marking behavior KW - Territorial behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05194:Communication KW - Y 25363:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18061987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Scent+Marking+by+Males+of+the+Mediterranean+Fruit+Fly%2C+Ceratitis+capitata+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Shelly%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Shelly&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOIR.0000042551.10590.d2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; Scent marking behavior; Territorial behavior; Sex pheromone; Chemical communication DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOIR.0000042551.10590.d2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of selected ericaceous ornamental host species to Phytophthora ramorum AN - 18059551; 6080331 AB - We assessed disease reactions of 51 species or varieties of ericaceous ornamental hosts to two isolates of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death. Inoculation was performed with an A2 mating type U.S. isolate from rhododendron and the P. ramorum type culture of A1 mating type from Germany. For only one host were statistically significant differences in disease observed between the two isolates. Several different inoculation methods were compared. The 51 hosts tested varied widely in susceptibility, ranging from 0% to over 90% leaf area infected. Two cultivars of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) showed no disease, while three cultivars of Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel) were all highly susceptible. The results indicate that many ornamental hosts grown in the United States are susceptible to P. ramorum under artificial inoculation conditions. Inoculum density studies with two susceptible host species showed that P. ramorum is capable of producing disease symptoms over sporangium concentrations ranging from 100 to 5,000 sporangia per ml. Mean numbers of chlamydospores forming in host tissue of 21 hosts ranged from 2 to over 900 chlamydospores per 6-mm-diameter leaf disk. Whether hosts showing susceptiblity under the experimental conditions used in this study would become infected with P. ramorum in the presence of inoculum under natural conditions is unknown. JF - Plant Disease AU - Tooley, P W AU - Kyde, K L AU - Englander, L AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave., Ft. Detrick, MD 21702, ptooley@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 993 EP - 999 VL - 88 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - sudden oak death KW - Oaks KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Host specificity KW - Plant diseases KW - Kalmia latifolia KW - Disease resistance KW - Vaccinium macrocarpon KW - Phytophthora ramorum KW - Inoculum KW - Quercus KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18059551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+selected+ericaceous+ornamental+host+species+to+Phytophthora+ramorum&rft.au=Tooley%2C+P+W%3BKyde%2C+K+L%3BEnglander%2C+L&rft.aulast=Tooley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=993&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; Phytophthora ramorum; Vaccinium macrocarpon; Kalmia latifolia; Inoculum; Plant diseases; Disease resistance; Host specificity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soybean root systems and sudden death syndrome severity: taproot and lateral root infection AN - 18056857; 6080334 AB - Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to evaluate the role that infection location (taproot versus lateral root) plays in disease development of sudden death syndrome (SDS) on soybean (Glycine max) caused by the fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Root characteristics of 12 soybean cultivars, representing a range of SDS reactions, were evaluated and compared for disease responses. A method was developed to facilitate taproot or lateral root infection. Results show that this procedure may be useful for observing a continuum of foliar and root disease responses. Significant differences in root length, surface area, and average diameter were observed among cultivars when infection occurred at the taproot or on the lateral roots. A significant correlation existed between foliar symptoms (i.e., area under the disease progress curve [AUDPC]) and root length, surface area, and volume for inoculated plants. Root volume and percent root discoloration were significantly different among individual soybean cultivars, and percent root discoloration was associated with AUDPC values only when the initial site of infection was on the lateral roots of soybean plants. Useful information about root system responses to SDS may be obtained from infection of the entire root system as opposed to only taproot infection. JF - Plant Disease AU - Ortiz-Ribbing, L M AU - Eastburn, D M AD - USDA-ARS and the Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, eastburn@uiuc.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1011 EP - 1016 VL - 88 IS - 9 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - soybean KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Plant diseases KW - Roots KW - sudden death syndrome KW - Disease resistance KW - Glycine max KW - Fusarium solani KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18056857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Sociology&rft.atitle=Women+%26amp%3B+Power+in+the+Nonprofit+Sector&rft.au=Abzug%2C+Rikki%3BOdendahl%2C+Teresa&rft.aulast=Abzug&rft.aufirst=Rikki&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contemporary+Sociology&rft.issn=00943061&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium solani; Glycine max; sudden death syndrome; Plant diseases; Roots; Disease resistance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of a molecular beacon; real-time PCR technology to detect Salmonella species contaminating fruits and vegetables AN - 18020062; 5977745 AB - An oligonucleotide probe that becomes fluorescent upon hybridization to the target DNA (molecular beacon; MB) was evaluated in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect the presence of Salmonella species. As few as 1-4 colony-forming units (CFU) per PCR reaction could be detected. The capability of the assay to detect Salmonella species from artificially inoculated fresh-cut produce such as cantaloupe, mixed-salad, cilantro, and alfalfa sprouts was demonstrated. A comparison of two commercially available kits utilizing MB-PCR (iQ-Check, Bio-Rad Laboratories) and conventional Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC)-approved PCR (BAX, Dupont Qualicon) was performed on artificially inoculated produce. As few as 4 CFU/25 g of produce were detected after 16 h of enrichment in buffered peptone broth. These assays could be carried out entirely in sealed PCR tubes, enabling a rapid and high-throughput detection of Salmonella species in a large number of food and environmental samples. This is the first report of the application of MB probe being used for real-time detection of Salmonella species in whole and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Liming, SH AU - Bhagwat, A A AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 002, Room 117, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 177 EP - 187 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - cantaloupe KW - cilantro KW - fruits KW - vegetables KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Probes KW - Assays KW - Food contamination KW - Monitoring methods KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Detection KW - Inoculation KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Salmonella KW - Technology KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18020062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Application+of+a+molecular+beacon%3B+real-time+PCR+technology+to+detect+Salmonella+species+contaminating+fruits+and+vegetables&rft.au=Liming%2C+SH%3BBhagwat%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Liming&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijfoodmicro.2004.02.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Assays; Food contamination; Monitoring methods; Technology; Polymerase chain reaction; Probes; Detection; Inoculation; Colony-forming cells DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.02.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on microbial quality and appearance of whole and fresh-cut melons contaminated with Salmonella spp. AN - 18015862; 5977748 AB - The efficacy of hydrogen peroxide treatment on the inactivation of Salmonella spp. inoculated on the external surface of cantaloupe and honeydew melon was investigated. Salmonella was inoculated onto whole cantaloupe and honeydew melon to a final concentration of 4.65 log sub(10) CFU/cm and 3.13 log sub(10) CFU/g, respectively. Inoculated whole melons stored at 5 degree C for up to 7 days were washed with water, 2.5% and 5% hydrogen peroxide at day 0 and 5. Hydrogen peroxide (2.5% and 5%) treatments of whole melon for 5 min caused a 3 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2) reduction of the indigenous surface microflora and a 3.0 log sub(10) CFU/cm super(2) reduction in Salmonella spp. on all melon surfaces. The efficacy of the hydrogen peroxide treatments was less when the interval between inoculation and treatment of cantaloupe exceeded 24 h. Unlike cantaloupe fresh-cut pieces, Salmonella was not recovered from fresh-cut pieces prepared from treated whole honeydew melon. Growth of Salmonella occurred in cantaloupe fresh-cut pieces stored at 10 or 20 degree C, and by 2 weeks, levels reached approximately 1 log CFU/g. A rapid decline in appearance and overall acceptability was observed in fresh-cut pieces prepared from untreated whole cantaloupe. While Salmonella was recovered from fresh-cut pieces from and whole treated cantaloupe, sanitizing the surface of contaminated whole melons with hydrogen peroxide before and after cutting and storage of the fresh- cut pieces at 5 degree C can enhance the microbial safety and acceptability rating for about 2 weeks after processing. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Ukuku, DO AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies, Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, dukuku@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 137 EP - 146 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 95 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - melons KW - cantaloupe KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Food processing KW - Microbial contamination KW - Food contamination KW - Treatment KW - Inactivation KW - Storage KW - Reduction KW - Growth KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Inoculation KW - Food quality KW - Salmonella KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18015862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+hydrogen+peroxide+treatment+on+microbial+quality+and+appearance+of+whole+and+fresh-cut+melons+contaminated+with+Salmonella+spp.&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijfoodmicro.2004.01.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Food contamination; Microbial contamination; Storage; Hydrogen peroxide; Inoculation; Inactivation; Growth; Reduction; Food processing; Food quality; Treatment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.01.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specific detection and quantification of Plum pox virus by real-time fluorescent reverse transcription-PCR AN - 18012709; 5960916 AB - Plum pox virus (PPV), a destructive and economically devastating pathogen of Prunus species, was recently discovered in Pennsylvania and Canada. Current containment efforts involve eradication of infected trees based on ELISA surveys, which are laborious and less sensitive than PCR-based techniques. A real-time, fluorescent, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed for the detection of PPV in the Smart Cycler (Cepheid). The methods developed are reproducible, specific to PPV, and sensitive enough to consistently detect PPV transcripts at the 10-20fg level. The assay is more sensitive than either ELISA or traditional PCR followed by visualization with ethidium-bromide. PPV was detected from multiple hosts and from multiple Prunus tissues (leaf, stem, bud, and root). A dilution series using an in vitro synthesized transcript containing the target sequence as a standard demonstrated that the assay was effective for quantitation of viral template. The real-time PCR assay is a valuable tool for PPV detection and liter quantification in field or laboratory settings. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Schneider, W L AU - Sherman, D J AU - Stone, AL AU - Damsteegt, V D AU - Frederick, R D AD - USDA-ARS Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA, wschneider@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 01 SP - 97 EP - 105 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 120 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Plum pox virus KW - Reverse transcription KW - Prunus KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18012709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Specific+detection+and+quantification+of+Plum+pox+virus+by+real-time+fluorescent+reverse+transcription-PCR&rft.au=Schneider%2C+W+L%3BSherman%2C+D+J%3BStone%2C+AL%3BDamsteegt%2C+V+D%3BFrederick%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jviromet.2004.04.010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plum pox virus; Prunus; Reverse transcription; Polymerase chain reaction; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.04.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of empirical and neural network approaches for estimating corn and soybean leaf area index from Landsat ETM+ imagery AN - 17882142; 6022483 AB - Plant foliage density expressed as leaf area index (LAI) is used in many ecological, meteorological, and agronomic models, and as a means of quantifying crop spatial variability for precision farming. LAI retrieval using spectral vegetation indices (SVI) from optical remotely sensed data usually requires site-specific calibration values from the surface or the use of within-scene image information without surface calibrations to invert radiative transfer models. An evaluation of LAI retrieval methods was conducted using (1) empirical methods employing the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and a new SVI that uses green wavelength reflectance, (2) a scaled NDVI approach that uses no calibration measurements, and (3) a hybrid approach that uses a neural network (NN) and a radiative transfer model without site-specific calibration measurements. While research has shown that under a variety of conditions NDVI is not optimal for LAI retrieval, its continued use for remote sensing applications and in analysis seeking to develop improved parameter retrieval algorithms based on NDVI suggests its value as a 'benchmark' or standard against which other methods can be compared. Landsat-7 ETM+ data for July 1 and July 8 from the Soil Moisture EXperiment 2002 (SMEX02) field campaign in the Walnut Creek watershed south of Ames, IA, were used for the analysis. Sun photometer data collected from a site within the watershed were used to atmospherically correct the imagery to surface reflectance. LAI validation measurements of corn and soybeans were collected close to the dates of the Landsat-7 overpasses. Comparable results were obtained with the empirical SVI methods and the scaled SVI method within each date. The hybrid method, although promising, did not account for as much of the variability as the SVI methods. Higher atmospheric optical depths for July 8 leading to surface reflectance errors are believed to have resulted in overall poorer performance for this date. Use of SVIs employing green wavelengths, improved method for the definition of image minimum and maximum clusters used by the scaled NDVI method, and further development of a soil reflectance index used by the hybrid NN approach are warranted. More importantly, the results demonstrate that reasonable LAI estimates are possible using optical remote sensing methods without in situ, site-specific calibration measurements. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Walthall, C AU - Dulaney, W AU - Anderson, M AU - Norman, J AU - Fang, H AU - Liang, S AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Building 007, BARC-West, Room 120B, 10300 Baltimore Boulevard, 20705-2350, Beltsville, MD, USA, cwalthall@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 465 EP - 474 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 92 IS - 4 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Foliage KW - Leaf area KW - Data processing KW - Reflectance KW - Neural networks KW - Algorithms KW - Remote sensing KW - Vegetation KW - Watersheds KW - Soybeans KW - Landsat KW - Soil moisture KW - W4 340:Neurocomputing & Neural Networks KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17882142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+empirical+and+neural+network+approaches+for+estimating+corn+and+soybean+leaf+area+index+from+Landsat+ETM%2B+imagery&rft.au=Walthall%2C+C%3BDulaney%2C+W%3BAnderson%2C+M%3BNorman%2C+J%3BFang%2C+H%3BLiang%2C+S&rft.aulast=Walthall&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2004.06.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reflectance; Remote sensing; Neural networks; Soybeans; Watersheds; Vegetation; Leaf area; Foliage; Data processing; Landsat; Algorithms; Soil moisture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.06.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inability of Cecal Microflora to Promote Reversion of Viable Nonculturable Campylobacter Jejuni AN - 17860465; 6051443 AB - Campylobacter jejuni cells are able to enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state when they are suspended in water. In the present experiments we inoculated day-of-hatch leghorn and broiler chicks with normal gut microflora and subsequently challenged these with high doses of VBNC C. jejuni. The objective was to determine if the pre-establishment of a normal gut flora would enable VBNC Campylobacter to recover, revert to the vibrionic form, and colonize the cecum. Day-of-hatch leghorn and broiler chicks were gavaged through the esophagus with 0.75 ml of a continuous-flow culture of normal cecal organisms. Two days after gavage, the same chicks were gavaged with 0.75 ml (greater than 109 colony-forming units) of a VBNC suspension of C. jejuni. Seven days later, cecal contents were collected, serially diluted, and examined for the presence of viable culturable C. jejuni. Our results demonstrated that the VBNC C. jejuni cells were unable to revert to a vibrionic culturable form capable of colonizing the cecum. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Ziprin, R L AU - Harvey, R B AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 2881 F B Road, College Station, TX 77845 Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 647 EP - 650 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Esophagus KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Gut KW - Cecum KW - Reversion KW - Viability KW - Cell culture KW - J 02861:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17860465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Inability+of+Cecal+Microflora+to+Promote+Reversion+of+Viable+Nonculturable+Campylobacter+Jejuni&rft.au=Ziprin%2C+R+L%3BHarvey%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Ziprin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282004%290482.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=48&page=647 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Esophagus; Gut; Reversion; Cecum; Cell culture; Viability; Campylobacter jejuni DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2004)048<0647:IOCMTP>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface Pasteurization of Whole Fresh Cantaloupes Inoculated with Salmonella poona Or Escherichia coli AN - 17857493; 6120069 AB - Numerous outbreaks of salmonellosis by Salmonella Poona have been associated with the consumption of cantaloupe. Commercial washing processes for cantaloupe are limited in their ability to inactivate or remove this human pathogen. Our objective was to develop a commercial-scale surface pasteurization process to enhance the microbiological safety of cantaloupe. Populations of indigenous bacteria recovered from cantaloupes that were surface pasteurized at 96, 86, or 76 degree C for 2 to 3 min were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of the controls. Whole cantaloupes, surface inoculated with Salmonella Poona RM 2350 or Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 to a final cell concentration of ca. 5 log CFU/cm super(2) were stored at 4 degree C or room temperature (RT = 19 +/-1 degree C) for up to 72 h before processing. Treatments at 76 degree C for 2 to 3 min at 24 h postinoculation resulted in a reduction in excess of 5 log CFU/cm super(2) of Salmonella Poona and E. coli populations. Cantaloupes that were surface pasteurized and stored at 4 degree C for 21 days retained their firmness qualities and had no visible mold growth compared with the controls, which became soft and moldy. These results indicate that surface pasteurization will enhance the microbiological safety of cantaloupes and will extend the shelf life of this commodity as well. Storage of untreated inoculated cantaloupes at RT for 24 to 72 h postinoculation caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in Salmonella Poona and E. coli populations compared with storage at 4 degree C. This indicates that cantaloupes should be refrigerated as soon as possible following harvest to suppress the growth of any possible contaminant on the rind. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Annous, Bassam A AU - Burke, Angela AU - Sites, Joseph E AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1876 EP - 1885 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - fruits KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Bacteria KW - Temperature KW - Pathogens KW - outbreaks KW - Food contamination KW - Shelf life KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Pasteurization KW - Storage KW - Growth KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Salmonellosis KW - Escherichia coli KW - pasteurization KW - Contaminants KW - Salmonella KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17857493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Surface+Pasteurization+of+Whole+Fresh+Cantaloupes+Inoculated+with+Salmonella+poona+Or+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Annous%2C+Bassam+A%3BBurke%2C+Angela%3BSites%2C+Joseph+E&rft.aulast=Annous&rft.aufirst=Bassam&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1876&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Temperature effects; Growth; Salmonellosis; Colony-forming cells; Shelf life; Contaminants; Pasteurization; Bacteria; Temperature; outbreaks; Pathogens; pasteurization; Food contamination; Food-borne diseases; Escherichia coli; Salmonella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Draft Risk Assessment of the Public Health Impact of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef AN - 17854015; 6120054 AB - An assessment of the risk of illness associated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef was drafted in 2001. The exposure assessment considers farm, slaughter, and preparation factors that influence the likelihood of humans consuming ground beef servings containing E. coli O157:H7 and the number of cells in a contaminated serving. Apparent seasonal differences in prevalence of cattle infected with E. coli O157:H7 corresponded to seasonal differences in human exposure. The model predicts that on average 0.018% of servings consumed during June through September and 0.007% of servings consumed during the remainder of the year are contaminated with one or more E. coli O157:H7 cells. This exposure risk is combined with the probability of illness given exposure (i.e., dose response) to estimate a U.S. population risk of illness of nearly one illness in each 1 million (9.6 x 10 super(-7)) servings of ground beef consumed. Uncertainty about this risk ranges from about 0.33 illness in every 1 million ground beef servings at the 5th percentile to about two illnesses in every 1 million ground beef servings at the 95th percentile. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Ebel, E AU - Schlosser, W AU - Kause, J AU - Orloski, K AU - Roberts, T AU - Narrod, C AU - Malcolm, S AU - Coleman, M AU - Powell, M AD - Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building B, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1991 EP - 1999 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - ground beef KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Risk Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Risk assessment KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Public health KW - Food processing industry KW - Escherichia coli KW - Slaughter KW - Seasonal variations KW - Abattoirs KW - Food contamination KW - Livestock KW - Cattle KW - USA KW - Beef KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17854015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Draft+Risk+Assessment+of+the+Public+Health+Impact+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+Ground+Beef&rft.au=Ebel%2C+E%3BSchlosser%2C+W%3BKause%2C+J%3BOrloski%2C+K%3BRoberts%2C+T%3BNarrod%2C+C%3BMalcolm%2C+S%3BColeman%2C+M%3BPowell%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ebel&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; USA; Seasonal variations; Food contamination; Abattoirs; Food processing industry; Public health; Cattle; Food-borne diseases; Livestock; Beef; Slaughter; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Description and Life History of an Unusual Fern-Feeding Tortricid Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Brazil AN - 17748987; 6051917 AB - Tortrimosaica polypodivora Brown & Baixeras, new genus and new species, is described and illustrated from Sao Paulo, Brazil. We also describe and illustrate the last instar and pupa and provide notes on the life history. Larvae of the new species are gall inducers on the stems of Microgramma squamulosa (Kauf.) Sota (Polypodiaceae), an unusual behavior and host for a tortricid. Although placed provisionally in Hilarographini, tribal and subfamilial assignment of the new genus is extremely problematic owing to a mosaic of morphological characters, suggesting placement in a variety of different higher taxa. The larvae have a bisetose L-group on the prothorax, and the pupa has multiple rows of spines near the anterior edge of the dorsum of abdominal segments 3-8; both of these characters previously have been reported in the Tortricidae only in Thaumatographa (Hilarographini). Although the gall-inducing habit of the new species is not unique within Tortricidae, it is highly unusual within nonolethreutine lineages. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Brown, J W AU - Baixeras, J AU - Solorzano-Filho, JA AU - Kraus, JE AD - Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, PSI, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560 Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 865 EP - 871 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Leaf rollers KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - New records KW - Geographical distribution KW - Host plants KW - Tortrimosaica polypodivora KW - Tortricidae KW - Life history KW - Brazil KW - New genera KW - New species KW - Z 05130:Lepidoptera KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17748987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Description+and+Life+History+of+an+Unusual+Fern-Feeding+Tortricid+Moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29+from+Brazil&rft.au=Brown%2C+J+W%3BBaixeras%2C+J%3BSolorzano-Filho%2C+JA%3BKraus%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%290972.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=865 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tortricidae; Tortrimosaica polypodivora; Brazil; Life history; Host plants; New genera; New species; Geographical distribution; New records DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097<0865:DALHOA>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatiotemporal Variation in Antlion (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) Density and Impacts on Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Generalized Arthropod Foraging AN - 17745784; 6051924 AB - Antlion larvae that construct conical pits to capture prey may strongly affect foraging of ants and other arthropods, yet are usually abundant only in sheltered microhabitats. Larval antlion (Myrmeleon crudelis Walker) densities increased in exposed areas in central Texas in late summer and early autumn of 1998, presumably because of extended dry conditions. I conducted a study to quantify larval antlion pit densities in sheltered and exposed areas over time, and to examine the effect of variation in pit density on the foraging activity of ants and other arthropods. Isolated rainfall events decreased pit densities in exposed areas, sometimes to zero, but pit densities returned to high levels as the soil dried out. Pitfall traps at sheltered sites caught significantly fewer ants and other arthropods inside antlion zones (i.e., areas of high antlion density) than in adjacent areas without antlions. At exposed sites, pitfall traps caught significantly fewer ants in antlion zones when pits were present (dry conditions) than when they were absent (wet conditions); there was no significant difference in foraging outside the antlion zones in wet compared with dry conditions. Significantly fewer ants were caught inside antlion zones at sheltered sites (that were permanent) compared with exposed sites (that were transient), although pit densities were similar at both types of sites. Attraction of ants to baits revealed similar patterns. Spatiotemporal variation in antlion pit densities and the associated predation risk to ants and other arthropods may result in behavioral modifications of foraging patterns, higher mortality rates, or both. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Morrison, L W AD - Current address: Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604, lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 913 EP - 922 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 5 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Neuroptera KW - Antlions KW - Ants KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Foraging behavior KW - Spatial distribution KW - Myrmeleontidae KW - Formicidae KW - Myrmeleon crudelis KW - Predator-prey interactions KW - USA, Texas KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25503:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17745784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Spatiotemporal+Variation+in+Antlion+%28Neuroptera%3A+Myrmeleontidae%29+Density+and+Impacts+on+Ant+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+and+Generalized+Arthropod+Foraging&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%290972.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=913 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Myrmeleontidae; Formicidae; Myrmeleon crudelis; USA, Texas; Predator-prey interactions; Spatial distribution; Foraging behavior DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097<0913:SVIANM>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of constant and cyclical thermal regimes on growth and feeding of juvenile cutthroat trout of variable sizes AN - 17732691; 6011671 AB - The effects of constant (12, 18, and 24 degree C) and cyclical (daily variation of 15-21 and 12-24 degree C) thermal regimes on the growth and feeding of Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) of variable sizes were examined. Higher constant temperatures (i.e., 24 degree C) and more variable daily temperatures (i.e., 12-24 degree C daily cycle) negatively affected growth rates. As fish mass increased (from 0.24 to 15.52 g) the effects of different thermal regimes on mass growth became more pronounced. Following 14 days exposure to the thermal regimes, feeding rates of individual fish were assessed during acute exposure (40 min) to test temperatures of 12, 18, and 24 degree C. Feeding rate was depressed during acute exposure to 24 degree C, but was not significantly affected by the preceding thermal regime. Our results indicate that even brief daily exposure to higher temperatures (e.g., 24 degree C) can have considerable sublethal effects on cutthroat trout, and that fish size should be considered when examining the effects of temperature. JF - Ecology of Freshwater Fish AU - Meeuwig, M H AU - Dunham, J B AU - Hayes, J P AU - Vinyard, G L AD - Biological Resources Research Center University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Boise, ID, USA, Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA, mmeeuwig@montana.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 208 EP - 216 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 0906-6691, 0906-6691 KW - Daily exposure KW - High temperature KW - Lahontan cutthroat trout KW - ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth rate KW - Temperature effects KW - Juveniles KW - Diurnal variations KW - Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi KW - Limiting factors KW - Cultured organisms KW - Freshwater fish KW - Biomass KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Sublethal effects KW - Feeding behavior KW - D 04668:Fish KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08425:Nutrition and feeding habits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17732691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology+of+Freshwater+Fish&rft.atitle=Effects+of+constant+and+cyclical+thermal+regimes+on+growth+and+feeding+of+juvenile+cutthroat+trout+of+variable+sizes&rft.au=Meeuwig%2C+M+H%3BDunham%2C+J+B%3BHayes%2C+J+P%3BVinyard%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Meeuwig&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology+of+Freshwater+Fish&rft.issn=09066691&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0633.2004.00052.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Growth rate; Diurnal variations; Juveniles; Feeding behaviour; Sublethal effects; Cultured organisms; Limiting factors; Biomass; Freshwater fish; Feeding behavior; Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2004.00052.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of groundwater exchange in alpine lakes using non-steady mass- balance methods AN - 17730364; 5985215 AB - The role of groundwater in regulating the hydrology and chemistry of cirque lakes in the Cabinet Mountains Wilderness, Montana was investigated to assess the potential for adverse impacts from groundwater drainage stresses produced by proposed underground mining. Non-steady water budget and chemical mass-balances for Ca super(2+), K super(+), Mg super(2+), Na super(+), Cl super(-), delta super(2)H and delta super(18)O in conjunction with the Penman combination method to estimate evaporation were used to estimate groundwater inflow over 2-4 week time intervals during the ice-free seasons of 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002. Extreme seasonal fluctuations in solute and isotope content require the use of a non- steady approach. The degree of groundwater inflow differs widely between lakes ranging from negligible to direct communication with the local groundwater system. For lakes with groundwater inflow, a major portion of the solute load is contributed by groundwater compared to other inputs. The solute mass-balance method proved robust, yielding consistent groundwater inflow values for all lakes while success with stable isotopes was more limited. Mining induced disruptions in groundwater exchange could compromise the hydrologic and chemical balance of lakes with important subsurface water balance components. JF - Journal of Hydrology (Amsterdam) AU - Gurrieri, J T AU - Furniss, G AD - USDA Forest Service, Beaverhead-Deerlodge Nat. Forest, 1820 Meadowlark Lane, Butte, MT 59701, USA, jgurrieri@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 187 EP - 208 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 297 IS - 1-4 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water balance KW - Groundwater KW - Stable isotopes KW - Lakes KW - Mining KW - Evaporation KW - Surface water KW - Water budget KW - Hydrologic Budget KW - Groundwater-lake relationships KW - Groundwater discharge into lakes KW - Solutes KW - Ground water KW - Hydrology KW - Seasonal variability KW - USA, Montana KW - Subsurface Water KW - Water balance components KW - Drainage KW - Oxygen isotopes KW - Stable Isotopes KW - Surface-groundwater Relations KW - Evaporation estimation KW - Oxygen isotope ratio KW - Subsurface water KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 556.3.07:Equipment, apparatus, models, etc. (556.3.07) KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers KW - M2 556.555.3:Inflow and outflow (556.555.3) KW - SW 0840:Groundwater UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17730364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+groundwater+exchange+in+alpine+lakes+using+non-steady+mass-+balance+methods&rft.au=Gurrieri%2C+J+T%3BFurniss%2C+G&rft.aulast=Gurrieri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=297&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+%28Amsterdam%29&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2004.04.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solutes; Lakes; Water budget; Surface water; Ground water; Hydrology; Oxygen isotope ratio; Subsurface water; Oxygen isotopes; Groundwater discharge into lakes; Water balance components; Drainage; Evaporation estimation; Seasonal variability; Groundwater-lake relationships; Subsurface Water; Stable Isotopes; Surface-groundwater Relations; Evaporation; Hydrologic Budget; Groundwater; USA, Montana DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.04.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and optimization of microsatellite DNA primers for boreal owls (Aegolius funereus ) AN - 17709991; 6012560 AB - We developed 22 microsatellite loci for boreal owls (Aegolius funereus). We genotyped 275 unrelated boreal owls (Aegolius f. richardsoni) and 36 unrelated Tengmalm's owls (Aegolius f. funereus) using seven loci that were polymorphic and did not have detectable null alleles. Among North American and Scandinavian boreal owls, respectively, allelic diversity ranged from three to 11 alleles and from one to 11 alleles, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.31 to 0.80 and from 0.00 to 0.81, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.28 to 0.81 and from 0.00 to 0.81. These markers appeared to amplify DNA in six other Strigidae species. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Koopman, ME AU - Schable, NA AU - Glenn, T C AD - Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071-3971, koopman@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 376 EP - 378 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Boreal owl KW - Typical owls KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Genotyping KW - Microsatellites KW - heterozygosity KW - Genetic markers KW - Aegolius funereus KW - Primers KW - Strigidae KW - D 04671:Birds KW - G 07377:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17709991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Development+and+optimization+of+microsatellite+DNA+primers+for+boreal+owls+%28Aegolius+funereus+%29&rft.au=Koopman%2C+ME%3BSchable%2C+NA%3BGlenn%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Koopman&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1471-8286.2004.00658.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aegolius funereus; Strigidae; Microsatellites; heterozygosity; Genetic markers; Genotyping; Primers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00658.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of VNTR markers for two Fusarium graminearum clade species AN - 17709685; 6012589 AB - Using a bioinformatics approach, we developed 10 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers for Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium asiaticum useful for population genetic studies. Repeat sequences in the genome sequence of F. graminearum were identified by a tandem repeat finding program. Length polymorphisms at 54 loci were examined for five strains each from the United States, Italy and China. From these 54 loci, 10 were selected based on polymorphisms detected across species, ease of scoring, and their dispersed location in the genome. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Suga, H AU - Gale, L R AU - Kistler, H C AD - Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193 Japan, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, 1551 Lindig Street, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, suga@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 468 EP - 470 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Fusarium graminearum KW - Population genetics KW - Computer programs KW - Fusarium asiaticum KW - Primers KW - Bioinformatics KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - G 07290:Population genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17709685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Development+of+VNTR+markers+for+two+Fusarium+graminearum+clade+species&rft.au=Suga%2C+H%3BGale%2C+L+R%3BKistler%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Suga&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=468&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1471-8286.2004.00703.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium asiaticum; Genomes; Bioinformatics; Computer programs; Population genetics; Nucleotide sequence; Primers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00703.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein in Xylella fastidiosa Is Affected by Passage Through Host Plants AN - 17704315; 6018686 AB - Xylella fastidiosa, a Gram-negative bacterial plant pathogen, causes Pierce's disease of grapevine in North America. In South America the pathogen causes citrus variegated chlorosis, which is widespread in Brazil. We have introduced into Xylella fastidiosa a mini-Tn5 transposon that encodes a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene optimized for expression in bacteria. The mini-Tn5 derivative was inserted into different sites of the genome in independent transconjugants as determined by Southern blotting. The GFP gene was expressed well and to different levels in different transconjugants. Four independent transconjugants were separately used to inoculate sweet orange and tobacco seedlings. The transconjugants were able to colonize the plants and were subsequently isolated from points distal to the inoculation sites. When the relative fluorescence of the transconjugants that had been passed through either tobacco or sweet orange was compared with that of the same transconjugant maintained continuously in vitro, we observed that passage through either plant host significantly increased the level of expression of the GFP. The increased level of expression of GFP was transient, and was lost upon further culture in vitro. Xylella fastidiosa forms biofilms in planta which are believed to represent a metabolically differentiated state. The increased expression of GFP observed after passage through plants may be accounted for by this phenomenon. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Qin, X AU - Hartung, J S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fruit Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland, United States Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 215 EP - 220 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Citrus KW - GFP gene KW - Southern blotting KW - Plant diseases KW - Pierce's disease KW - Citrus variegated chlorosis KW - Host plants KW - Gene expression KW - Transposons KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - Inoculation KW - Seedlings KW - Biofilms KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17704315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+Green+Fluorescent+Protein+in+Xylella+fastidiosa+Is+Affected+by+Passage+Through+Host+Plants&rft.au=Qin%2C+X%3BHartung%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Qin&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-004-4345-0 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00284/bibs/4049003/40490215.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transposons; Gene expression; Southern blotting; GFP gene; Plant diseases; Citrus variegated chlorosis; Pierce's disease; Inoculation; Seedlings; Biofilms; Host plants; Citrus; Xylella fastidiosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-004-4345-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semiochemistry of the Goldeneyed Lacewing Chrysopa oculata: Attraction of Males to a Male-Produced Pheromone AN - 17703814; 6055771 AB - Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) experiments showed that antennae of males and females of the goldeneyed lacewing, Chrysopa oculata Say (Co. = Chrysopa), consistently responded to four compounds extracted from the abdominal cuticle of males: nonanal, nonanol, nonanoic acid, and (1R*,2S*,5R*,8R*)-iridodial. These compounds were not detected from abdominal cuticle of females. Thoracic extracts of both sexes contained antennal-stimulatory 1-tridecene and EAD-inactive skatole. Chrysopa oculata adults were most sensitive to (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial standard at an EAD-response threshold between 0.1 and 1 pg, which was 10-100 times lower than thresholds for nonanal and nonanoic acid, and up to 10,000 times lower than thresholds for other compounds tested. A similar EAD response pattern was also found in another Chrysopa sp. (Co. quadripunctata Burmeister). In field-trapping experiments, (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial was the only male-specific compound that attracted Co. oculata males. Males also were weakly attracted to (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol (an aphid sex pheromone component), probably due to the 5% (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial present in the synthetic sample as an impurity. A herbivore-induced plant volatile, methyl salicylate, increased attraction of males to (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial, whereas 1-tridecene was antagonistic. No females were caught in the entire study. Scanning electron micrographs revealed numerous male-specific, elliptical epidermal glands on the 3rd-8th abdominal sternites of Co. oculata, which are likely the pheromone glands. Another lacewing species, Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) (Cl. = Chrysoperla), did not produce male-specific volatiles or possess the type of gland presumed to produce pheromone in Co. oculata males, but (Z)-4-tridecene was identified as a major antennal-stimulatory compound from thoracic extracts of both sexes of Cl. rufilabris. Thus, (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial (or its enantiomer) is now identified as a male-produced male aggregation pheromone for Co. oculata, the first pheromone identified for lacewings. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Zhang, Q AU - Chauhan, K R AU - Erbe, E F AU - Vellore, A R AU - Aldrich, J R AD - USDA-ARS Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, B-007, BARC-West Beltsville Maryland 20705, USA. Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park Maryland 20742, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1849 EP - 1870 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 30 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Neroptera KW - Green lacewings KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Aggregation pheromone KW - Electroantennograms KW - Chrysopa oculata KW - Chrysopidae KW - Volatiles KW - Semiochemicals KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - Z 05166:Sense-organs & senses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17703814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Semiochemistry+of+the+Goldeneyed+Lacewing+Chrysopa+oculata%3A+Attraction+of+Males+to+a+Male-Produced+Pheromone&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Q%3BChauhan%2C+K+R%3BErbe%2C+E+F%3BVellore%2C+A+R%3BAldrich%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOEC.0000042406.76705.ab LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chrysopidae; Chrysopa oculata; Semiochemicals; Electroantennograms; Aggregation pheromone; Volatiles DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000042406.76705.ab ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Capture of Northern and Western Corn Rootworm Beetles Relative to Attractant Structure and Volatility AN - 17703334; 6055768 AB - We used field assays to study attraction of feral northern and western corn rootworm beetles (Diabrotica barberi and D. virgifera virgifera) to a series of mostly nitrogenous and benzenoid synthetic compounds allied with host plant and floral aromas. Vaporization rates were obtained for most field-tested compounds and selected additional lures under both ideal and field-representative, but constant, conditions. Although many test compounds showed at least trace activity for one or both species, methyl benzoate and some of its derivatives, notably methyl anthranilate and methyl 4-methoxybenzoate, merited emphasis as effective new lures for females. Structural alteration of methyl benzoate had consistently negative effects on northern corn rootworm captures despite variable effects on release rate, whereas western corn rootworm was more strongly attracted to methyl anthranilate and methyl 4-methoxybenzoate than to the considerably more volatile parent compound. Phenylacetaldoxime was attractive to females of both species, but no more so than syn-benzaldoxime, included as reference. Release rate was disproportionately low for benzaldoxime, as well as other nitrogenous lures, under field compared with ideal conditions. The attractiveness of salicylaldoxime to northern corn rootworm, despite its low field release rate, and the unattractiveness of methyl salicylate, having a methyl ester in place of the oxime group, similarly highlighted importance of the oxime moiety for reactivity of this species. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Hammack, L AU - Petroski, R J AD - USDA-ARS Northern Grain Insects Research Laboratory, 2923 Medary Ave., Brookings, South Dakota 57006, USA, lhammack@ngirl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1809 EP - 1825 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 30 IS - 9 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Coleoptera KW - Northern Corn Rootworm KW - Leaf beetles KW - Western Corn Rootworm KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pheromone traps KW - Diabrotica barberi KW - Volatiles KW - Plant extracts KW - Chrysomelidae KW - Diabrotica virgifera virgifera KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - Y 25883:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17703334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Field+Capture+of+Northern+and+Western+Corn+Rootworm+Beetles+Relative+to+Attractant+Structure+and+Volatility&rft.au=Hammack%2C+L%3BPetroski%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOEC.0000042403.88930.a7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabrotica barberi; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Chrysomelidae; Volatiles; Plant extracts; Pheromone traps DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000042403.88930.a7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infrared surface pasteurization of Turkey frankfurters AN - 17655583; 6492188 AB - A new intervention method has been developed using infrared heating to pasteurize the surface of turkey frankfurters contaminated with potentially fatal Listeria monocytogenes prior to final packaging. A laboratory infrared heating device was constructed to treat turkey frankfurters coated with approximately 10 super(6-7) cells/cm super(2) of a four-strain mixture of freshly prepared L. monocytogenes. The surface temperature of frankfurters was increased from refrigerated conditions to a final temperature of 70, 75 and 80 degree C, achieving an average of 3.5 plus or minus 0.4, 4.3 plus or minus 0.4 and 4.5 plus or minus 0.2 (mean plus or minus S.E.) log-reductions in bacterial counts. No noticeable physical damage to the heat-treated samples was observed. Although the heat-treated samples were slightly browner than the control by visual observation, the measured color attributes (L*, a* and b*) were not significantly different from the control after a few hours of refrigerated storage. Experimental results of this study suggested that infrared surface pasteurization potentially could be use as an intervention technology to kill L. monocytogenes contaminated on the surface of frankfurters immediately prior to final packaging and reduce the risk of foodborne listeriosis caused by these products. JF - Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies AU - Huang, L AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 345 EP - 351 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1466-8564, 1466-8564 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17655583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Innovative+Food+Science+and+Emerging+Technologies&rft.atitle=Infrared+surface+pasteurization+of+Turkey+frankfurters&rft.au=Huang%2C+L&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Innovative+Food+Science+and+Emerging+Technologies&rft.issn=14668564&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ifset.2004.03.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2004.03.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation kinetics and application of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as a time-temperature indicator of lethality for continuous pasteurization of apple cider AN - 17643572; 6492187 AB - The formation kinetics for HMF were determined to validate the total lethality of a continuous flow microwave pasteurization system for apple cider. Kinetics parameters for the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) were determined for a model apple cider solution (10 degree brix and pH of 3.8) at 25, 40, 60, and 80 degree C and asparagine concentrations of 5 and 10 mM using a bioreactor with temperature and pH control. The kinetics for HMF formation was shown to follow an apparent zero-order reaction with an activation energy of 27.3 kJ/mol. These kinetic parameters were then used to estimate the formation of HMF concentrations in apple cider based on time-temperature profiles needed to achieve a 5-log reduction of Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Calculated HMF formation, 1.56 ppm for the microwave pasteurization system and 1.19 ppm for the conventional system, compared well with measured HMF formation, 1.57 ppm for the mocorwave pasteurization system and 1.2 ppm for the conventional pasteurization system. JF - Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies AU - Gentry, T S AU - Roberts, J S AD - Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, U.S.D.A., USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 327 EP - 333 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1466-8564, 1466-8564 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17643572?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Innovative+Food+Science+and+Emerging+Technologies&rft.atitle=Formation+kinetics+and+application+of+5-hydroxymethylfurfural+as+a+time-temperature+indicator+of+lethality+for+continuous+pasteurization+of+apple+cider&rft.au=Gentry%2C+T+S%3BRoberts%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Gentry&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Innovative+Food+Science+and+Emerging+Technologies&rft.issn=14668564&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ifset.2004.03.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2004.03.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recognizing and Overcoming Difficult Site Conditions for Afforestation of Bottomland Hardwoods AN - 17604727; 6038361 AB - Restoring bottomland hardwoods requires attention to site conditions, matching tree species to the site, and controlling weeds and herbivores in order to achieve success. We believe that the recurring problems in operational plantings on private lands are due in part to the failure of planters to recognize adverse site conditions and their failure to use appropriate methods for overcoming site limitations. Our objectives in this paper are to synthesize research and experience into guidelines for recognizing adverse site conditions due to hydroperiod, soil, competing vegetation, and herbivory. We describe techniques for overcoming these conditions and suggest promising research areas. JF - Ecological Restoration AU - Stanturf, JA AU - Conner, W H AU - Gardiner, E S AU - Schweitzer, C J AU - Ezell, A W AD - USDA Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30606, USA, jstanturf@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 183 EP - 193 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 1522-4740, 1522-4740 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17604727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Restoration&rft.atitle=Recognizing+and+Overcoming+Difficult+Site+Conditions+for+Afforestation+of+Bottomland+Hardwoods&rft.au=Stanturf%2C+JA%3BConner%2C+W+H%3BGardiner%2C+E+S%3BSchweitzer%2C+C+J%3BEzell%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Stanturf&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Restoration&rft.issn=15224740&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on World Agriculture, Food Consumption, and Economic Welfare AN - 17592331; 6083725 AB - Because of many uncertainties, quantitative estimates of agriculturally related economic impacts of greenhouse gas emissions are often given low confidence. A major source of uncertainty is our inability to accurately project future changes in economic activity, emissions, and climate. This paper focuses on two issues. First, to what extent do variable projections of climate generate uncertainty in agriculturally related economic impacts? Second, to what extent do agriculturally related economic impacts of greenhouse gas emissions depend on economic conditions at the time of impacts? Results indicate that uncertainty due to variable projections of climate is fairly large for most of the economic effects evaluated in this analysis. Results also indicate that economic conditions at the time of impact influence the direction and size of as well as the confidence in the economic effects of identical projections of greenhouse gas impacts. The economic variable that behaves most consistently in this analysis is world crop production. Increases in mean global temperature, for example, cause world crop production to decrease on average under both 1990 and improved economic conditions and in both instances the confidence with respect to variable projections of climate is medium (e.g., 67%) or greater. In addition and as expected, CO sub(2) fertilization causes world crop production to increase on average under 1990 and improved economic conditions. These results suggest that crop production may be a fairly robust indicator of the potential impacts of greenhouse gas emissions. A somewhat unexpected finding is that improved economic conditions are not necessarily a panacea to potential greenhouse-gas-induced damages, particularly at the region level. In fact, in some regions, impacts of climate change or CO sub(2) fertilization that are beneficial under current economic conditions may be detrimental under improved economic conditions (relative to the new economic base). Australia plus New Zealand suffer from this effect in this analysis because under improved economic conditions they are assumed to obtain a relatively large share of income from agricultural exports. When the climate-change and CO sub(2)-fertilization scenarios in this analysis are also included, agricultural exports from Australia plus New Zealand decline on average. The resultant declines in agricultural income in Australia plus New Zealand are too large to be completely offset by rising incomes in other sectors. This indicates that regions that rely on agricultural exports for relatively large shares of their income may be vulnerable not only to direct climate-induced agricultural damages, but also to positive impacts induced by greenhouse gas emissions elsewhere. JF - Climatic Change AU - Darwin, R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1800 M Street, NW, Room 4180, Washington, D.C. 20036-5831, U.S.A., rdarwin@ers.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 191 EP - 238 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 66 IS - 1-2 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - M3 1230:Sustainable Production KW - M2 551.588:Environmental Influences (551.588) KW - M2 551.586:Biometeorology and Bioclimatology (551.586) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17592331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+on+World+Agriculture%2C+Food+Consumption%2C+and+Economic+Welfare&rft.au=Darwin%2C+R&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ACLIM.0000043138.67784.27 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:CLIM.0000043138.67784.27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibacterial Activities of Plant Essential Oils and Their Components against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in Apple Juice AN - 17502340; 6384885 AB - We evaluated 17 plant essential oils and nine oil compounds for antibacterial activity against the foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in apple juices in a bactericidal assay in terms of % of the sample that resulted in a 50% decrease in the number of bacteria (BA sub(50)). The 10 compounds most active against E. coli (60 min BA sub(50) range in clear juice, 0.018-0.093%) were carvacrol, oregano oil, geraniol, eugenol, cinnamon leaf oil, citral, clove bud oil, lemongrass oil, cinnamon bark oil, and lemon oil. The corresponding compounds against S. enterica (BA sub(50) range, 0.0044-0.011%) were Melissa oil, carvacrol, oregano oil, terpeineol, geraniol, lemon oil, citral, lemongrass oil, cinnamon leaf oil, and linalool. The activity (i) was greater for S. enterica than for E. coli, (ii) increased with incubation temperature and storage time, and (iii) was not affected by the acidity of the juices. The antibacterial agents could be divided into two classes: fast-acting and slow-acting. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the bactericidal results are related to the composition of the oils. These studies provide information about new ways to protect apple juice and other foods against human pathogens. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Friedman, M AU - Henika, PR AU - Levin, CE AU - Mandrell, R E AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 6042 EP - 6048 VL - 52 IS - 19 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - antibacterial agents KW - essential oils KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Antibacterial activity KW - Linalool KW - citral KW - Juices KW - Escherichia coli KW - eugenol KW - Acidity KW - Antibacterial agents KW - Temperature effects KW - Carvacrol KW - Bacteria KW - geraniol KW - cinnamon KW - Temperature KW - Leaves KW - Bark KW - Pathogens KW - Food contamination KW - Storage KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Essential oils KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - A 01042:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal agents KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17502340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Antibacterial+Activities+of+Plant+Essential+Oils+and+Their+Components+against+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+and+Salmonella+enterica+in+Apple+Juice&rft.au=Friedman%2C+M%3BHenika%2C+PR%3BLevin%2C+CE%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=6042&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf0495340 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carvacrol; High-performance liquid chromatography; Temperature effects; geraniol; cinnamon; Antibacterial activity; Linalool; citral; Juices; Leaves; Bark; Pathogens; Essential oils; eugenol; Antibacterial agents; Acidity; Storage; Bacteria; Liquid chromatography; Temperature; Food contamination; Salmonella enterica; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0495340 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sulfosulfuron effects on growth and photosynthesis of 15 range grasses AN - 17427974; 6212102 AB - We conducted greenhouse experiments to compare photosynthetic and growth responses of 2 invasive annual grasses (downy brome = Bromus tectorum L. and medusahead = Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) [Nevski]), 6 caespitose grasses, and 7 rhizomatous grasses to the herbicide sulfosulfuron (1-(2-ethylsulfonylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dime t hoxypyrimidin-2-yl)urea). Our objectives were to identify general patterns of species responsiveness and test the hypothesis that sulfosulfuron induced reduction in photosynthetic activity and shoot growth would be more pronounced in small relative to larger plants. Small plants in a spring experiment and large plants in a summer experiment were treated with sulfosulfuron (70 g ai ha super(-1)). Wildryes and bromes were consistently injured; whereas, 5 of the 7 wheatgrasses were not susceptible to sulfosulfuron. Rhizomatous grasses generally experienced greater damage from sulfosulfuron than caespitose grasses. These results suggest that sulfosulfuron would provide a useful rangeland management tool to control unwanted invasive annual grasses without significantly hindering growth and physiology of desirable rangeland grasses.Original Abstract: Condujimos experimentos en invernadero para comparar las respuestas fotosinteticas y de crecimiento de dos zacates anuales invasores ('Downy brome' = Bromus tectorum L. y' Medusahead' = Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) [Nevski]), 6 zacates cespitosos y 7 zacates rizomatosos a la aplicacion del herbicida sulfosulfuron (1-(2-ethylsulfonylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dime t hoxypyrimidin-2-yl)urea). Nuestros objetivos fueron identificar patrones generales de respuesta de las especies y probar la hipotesis de que el sulfosulfuron indujo una reduccion de la actividad fotosintetica y que el crecimiento de los tallos seria mas pronunciado en plantas pequenas en relacion a plantas grandes. Las plantas pequenas se trataron con sulfosulfuron (70 g ai ha super(-1)) en un experimento realizado en primavera y las grandes en uno efectuado en verano. 'Wildryes' y 'Bromes' fueron consistentemente danados, mientras que 5 de los 7 'Wheatgrasses' no fueron susceptibles al sulfosulfuron. Los zacates rizomatosos generalmente experimentaron mas dano por el sulfosulfuron que los zacates cespitosos. Estos resultados sugieren que el sulfosulfuron podria ser una herramienta util de manejo de pastizales para controlar las especies invasoras no deseadas de zacates anuales sin afectar significativamente el crecimiento y fisiologia de los zacates deseables del pastizal. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Monaco, T A AU - Creech, JE AD - Ecologist, USDA-ARS Forage and Range Research Lab., Utah State Univ., Logan, Ut. 84322-6300 Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 490 EP - 496 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Shoots KW - Photosynthesis KW - Grasses KW - Bromus tectorum KW - Taeniatherum caput-medusae KW - Herbicides KW - Range management KW - Greenhouses KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17427974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Sulfosulfuron+effects+on+growth+and+photosynthesis+of+15+range+grasses&rft.au=Monaco%2C+T+A%3BCreech%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Monaco&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=490&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%29057%5C2.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=490 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shoots; Photosynthesis; Grasses; Herbicides; Range management; Greenhouses; Taeniatherum caput-medusae; Bromus tectorum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057\[0490:SEOGAP\]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canopy spectra of giant reed and associated vegetation AN - 17421797; 6212112 AB - This paper describes the spectral light reflectance characteristics of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) and the application of aerial color-infrared photography and videography for distinguishing infestations of this invasive plant species in Texas riparian areas. Airborne videography was integrated with global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies for mapping the distribution of giant reed. Field spectral measurements showed that giant reed had higher near-infrared reflectance than associated plant species in summer and fall. Giant reed had a conspicuous pink image response on the color-infrared photography and videography. This allowed infestations to be quantified using computer analysis of the photographic and videographic images. Accuracy assessments performed on the classified images had user's and producer's accuracies for giant reed that ranged from 78% to 100%. Integration of the GPS with the video imagery permitted latitude-longitude coordinates of giant reed infestations to be recorded on each image. A long stretch of the Rio Grande in southwest and west Texas was flown with the photographic and video systems to detect giant reed infestations. The GPS coordinates on the color-infrared video scenes depicting giant reed infestations were entered into a GIS to map the distribution of this invasive weed along the Rio Grande.Original Abstract: Este articulo describe las caracteristicas de reflectancia espectral de la luz del 'Giant reed' (Arundo donax L.) y la aplicacion de la fotografia aerea de color-infrarroja y la videografia para distinguir infestaciones de esta especie vegetal invasora de las areas riberenas de Texas. La videografia aerea se integro con tecnologias de sistemas de posicionamiento global (GPS) y sistemas de informacion geografica (GIS) para mapear la distribucion del 'Giant reed'. Mediciones espectrales de campo mostraron que el 'Giant reed' tiene una mayor reflectancia de infrarroja- cercana que las plantas asociadas en verano y otono. El 'Giant reed' tuvo una imagen conspicuamente rosa en la fotografia de color-infrarroja y la videografia. Esto permitio cuantificar las infestaciones utilizando analisis por computadora de las imagenes de fotografia y videograficas. Evaluaciones de certeza realizadas en las imagenes clasificadas produjeron certezas del usuario y productor para el 'Giant reed' que variaron del 78 al 100%. La integracion de GPS con las imagenes de video permitio registrar en cada imagen las coordenadas de latitud-longitud de las infestaciones del 'Giant reed'. Una larga extension del Rio Grande en el suroeste y oeste de Texas fue sobrevolada con sistemas de fotografia y video para detectar infestaciones de 'Giant reed'. Las coordenadas de GPS en las escenas de color-infrarrojo representando las infestaciones de 'Giant reed' fueron introducidas al sistema de informacion geografica (GIS) para mapear la distribucion de esta maleza invasora a lo largo del Rio Grande. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Everitt, J AU - Yang, C AU - Alaniz, M AU - Davis, M AU - Nibling, F AU - Deloach, C AD - Range Scientist, USDA-ARS, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, Tex. 78596 Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 561 EP - 569 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Weeds KW - Infestation KW - Reflectance KW - Arundo donax KW - USA, Texas KW - Geographic information systems KW - Canopies KW - Mapping KW - Range management KW - Photography KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17421797?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Canopy+spectra+of+giant+reed+and+associated+vegetation&rft.au=Everitt%2C+J%3BYang%2C+C%3BAlaniz%2C+M%3BDavis%2C+M%3BNibling%2C+F%3BDeloach%2C+C&rft.aulast=Everitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%29057%5C2.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=561 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weeds; Infestation; Reflectance; Mapping; Canopies; Geographic information systems; Photography; Range management; Arundo donax; USA, Texas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057\[0561:CSOGRA\]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Germination of seeds of Tamarix Ramosissima AN - 17421758; 6212100 AB - The germination of seeds of saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) was compared at a wide range of constant or alternating temperatures from 0 through 40 degree C. Germination temperature profiles were developed for seeds of saltcedar collected from the Walker River Delta in western Nevada over a 3 year period. Germination occurred over a wide range of temperatures. For 2 of the 3 years of testing, maximum germination observed was 98 or 100%, indicating the seed lots were highly viable. Germination ranged from 0 to 6% at very cold seedbed temperatures, but jumped to 39 to 43% at cold seedbed temperatures. There was very little difference in germination between moderate and warmer seedbed temperatures. No single temperature always supported optimum germination. The temperatures that most frequently supported optima were 10/20 (10 degree C for 16 hours and 20 degree C for 8 hours in each 24 hour period), 10/25, 15/20, and 35 degree C. Mid summer collections of saltcedar seeds were much more variable in germination response compared to annually repeated late spring collections from the Walker River Delta. Available soil moisture apparently is an important factor in the germinability of saltcedar seeds collected in mid summer. Temperature regimes that supported optimum germination for the Walker River Delta accession of seed collected in mid summer, tended to occur at higher temperatures than for seeds collected from the same stand in late spring. Comparison of the saltcedar profile with germination temperature profiles of seeds of tree willow (Salix lutea Nutt.), coyote willow (S. exigua Nutt.), or Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii S. Watson) revealed that germination of saltcedar seeds was equal in the number of regimes with some germination, mean of optima, and maximum observed germination. For all other germination characteristics measured, saltcedar is lower and sometimes distinctly lower than for seeds of the native woody species.Original Abstract: La germinacion de semillas de 'Saltcedar' (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) se comparo en un amplio rango de temperaturas constantes o alternantes de 0 a 40 degree C. Se desarrollaron perfiles de temperatura de germinacion de semillas de 'Saltcedar' colectadas durante 3 anos del Delta del Rio Walker en el oeste de Nevada. La germinacion ocurrio en un amplio rango de temperaturas. En 2 de los 3 anos de prueba la germinacion maxima observada fue de 98 o 100%, indicando que los lotes de semilla fueron altamente viables. La germinacion vario de 0 a 6% en temperaturas muy frias de la cama de siembra y subio a 39 - 43% en las temperaturas frias de la cama de siembra. Hubo muy poca diferencia en germinacion entre las temperaturas moderadas y tibias de la cama de siembra. Ninguna temperatura en particular sostuvo una germinacion optima. Las temperaturas que mas frecuentemente sostuvieron una germinacion optima fueron: 10/20 (10 degree C por 16 horas y 20 degree C por 8 horas en cada periodo de 24 horas.), 10/25, 15/20 y 3 degree C. Las colectas de semillas de 'Saltcedar' de mediados del verano fueron mucho mas variables en la respuesta de germinacion en comparacion con las colectadas a fines de primavera en la Delta del Rio Walker. La humedad disponible del suelo aparentemente es un factor importante en la germinabilidad de las semillas de 'Saltcedar' colectadas a mediados de verano. Los regimenes de temperatura que sostuvieron una germinacion optima de las semillas colectadas a mediados de verano en el Delta del Rio Walker tendieron a ocurrir en temperaturas mas altas que para las semillas colectadas en la misma poblacion de 'Saltcedar' a fines de primavera. La comparacion del perfil de germinacion del 'Saltcedar' con los perfiles de temperatura de germinacion de semillas de 'Tree willow' (Salix lutea Nutt.), 'Coyote willow' (S. exigua Nutt.) o 'Fremont cottonwood' (Populus fremontii S. Watson) revelaron que la germinacion de semillas de 'Saltcedar' fue igual en el numero de regimenes con algo de germinacion, media de las germinacion optima y maxima observada. Para todas las otras caracteristicas de germinacion medidas el 'Saltcedar' esta abajo y algunas veces distintivamente mas bajo que las especies nativas de plantas lenosas. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Young, JA AU - Clements, C D AU - Harmon, D AD - Rangeland Scientists and Graduate Student Research Assistant, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 920 Valley Road, Reno, Nev. 89512, jayoung@scs.unr.edu Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 475 EP - 481 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Fremont cottonwood KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Rivers KW - Trees KW - Seed germination KW - Salix lutea KW - Soil moisture KW - Tamarix ramosissima KW - Range management KW - Populus fremontii KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17421758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Germination+of+seeds+of+Tamarix+Ramosissima&rft.au=Young%2C+JA%3BClements%2C+C+D%3BHarmon%2C+D&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%29057%5C2.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=475 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Temperature effects; Trees; Seed germination; Soil moisture; Range management; Salix lutea; Tamarix ramosissima; Populus fremontii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057\[0475:GOSOTR\]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stem wood properties of Populus tremuloides , Betula papyrifera and Acer saccharum saplings after 3 years of treatments to elevated carbon dioxide and ozone AN - 17292569; 6012346 AB - The aim of this study was to examine the effects of elevated carbon dioxide [CO sub(2)] and ozone [O sub(3)] and their interaction on wood chemistry and anatomy of five clones of 3-year-old trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Wood chemistry was studied also on paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedling-origin saplings of the same age. Material for the study was collected from the Aspen Free-Air CO sub(2) Enrichment (FACE) experiment in Rhinelander, WI, USA, where the saplings had been exposed to four treatments: control (C; ambient CO sub(2), ambient O sub(3)), elevated CO sub(2) (560 ppm during daylight hours), elevated O sub(3) (1.5 x ambient during daylight hours) and their combination (CO sub(2)+O sub(3)) for three growing seasons (1998-2000). Wood chemistry responses to the elevated CO sub(2) and O sub(3) treatments differed between species. Aspen was most responsive, while maple was the least responsive of the three tree species. Aspen genotype affected the responses of wood chemistry and, to some extent, wood structure to the treatments. The lignin concentration increased under elevated O sub(3) in four clones of aspen and in birch. However, elevated CO sub(2) ameliorated the effect. In two aspen clones, nitrogen in wood samples decreased under combined exposure to CO sub(2) and O sub(3). Soluble sugar concentration in one aspen clone and starch concentration in two clones were increased by elevated CO sub(2). In aspen wood, alpha -cellulose concentration changed under elevated CO sub(2), decreasing under ambient O sub(3) and slightly increasing under elevated O sub(3). Hemicellulose concentration in birch was decreased by elevated CO sub(2) and increased by elevated O sub(3). In aspen, elevated O sub(3) induced statistically significant reductions in distance from the pith to the bark and vessel lumen diameter, as well as increased wall thickness and wall percentage, and in one clone, decreased fibre lumen diameter. Our results show that juvenile wood properties of broadleaves, depending on species and genotype, were altered by atmospheric gas concentrations predicted for the year 2050 and that CO sub(2) ameliorates some adverse effects of elevated O sub(3) on wood chemistry. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Kaakinen, S AU - Kostiainen, K AU - Ek, F AU - Saranpaeae, P AU - Kubiske, ME AU - Sober, J AU - Karnosky, D F AU - Vapaavuori, E AD - Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki Research Station, Juntintie 154, FI-77600 Suonenjoki, Finland, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Centre, PO Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland, USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA, seija.kaakinen@metla.fi Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1513 EP - 1525 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 9 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Clones KW - Acer saccharum KW - Environmental impact KW - Bark KW - Marshes KW - Genotypes KW - Starch KW - Betula papyrifera KW - Anatomy KW - USA KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Populus tremuloides KW - Side effects KW - Nitrogen KW - Ozone KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17292569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Stem+wood+properties+of+Populus+tremuloides+%2C+Betula+papyrifera+and+Acer+saccharum+saplings+after+3+years+of+treatments+to+elevated+carbon+dioxide+and+ozone&rft.au=Kaakinen%2C+S%3BKostiainen%2C+K%3BEk%2C+F%3BSaranpaeae%2C+P%3BKubiske%2C+ME%3BSober%2C+J%3BKarnosky%2C+D+F%3BVapaavuori%2C+E&rft.aulast=Kaakinen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1513&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2486.2004.00814.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clones; Atmospheric chemistry; Environmental impact; Genotypes; Marshes; Starch; Carbon dioxide; Anatomy; Ozone; Bark; Side effects; Nitrogen; Acer saccharum; Betula papyrifera; Populus tremuloides; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00814.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aquatic selenium pollution is a global environmental safety issue AN - 17288312; 6046092 AB - Selenium pollution is a worldwide phenomenon and is associated with a broad spectrum of human activities, ranging from the most basic agricultural practices to the most high-tech industrial processes. Consequently, selenium contamination of aquatic habitats can take place in urban, suburban, and rural settings alike-from mountains to plains, from deserts to rainforests, and from the Arctic to the tropics. Human activities that increase waterborne concentrations of selenium are on the rise and the threat of widespread impacts to aquatic life is greater than ever before. Important sources of selenium contamination in aquatic habitats are often overlooked by environmental biologists and ecological risk assessors due to preoccupation with other, higher priority pollutants, yet selenium may pose the most serious long-term risk to aquatic habitats and fishery resources. Failure to include selenium in the list of constituents measured in contaminant screening/monitoring programs is a major mistake, both from the hazard assessment aspect and from the pollution control aspect. Once selenium contamination begins, a cascade of bioaccumulation events is set into motion which makes meaningful intervention nearly impossible. However, this cascade of events need not happen if adequate foresight and planning are exercised. Early evaluation and action are key. Prudent risk management based on environmentally sound hazard assessment and water quality goals can prevent biological impacts. JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety AU - Lemly, AD AD - United States Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coldwater Fisheries Research Unit, 1650 Ramble Road, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 44 EP - 56 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0147-6513, 0147-6513 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Contamination KW - Man-induced effects KW - Water quality KW - Mountains KW - Rain forests KW - Agricultural practices KW - Fishery management KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Sound KW - Aquatic Life KW - Safety KW - Environmental impact KW - Habitat KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Water management KW - Contaminants KW - Hazard assessment KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Pollution effects KW - Fishery resources KW - Hazards KW - Long-term planning KW - Selenium KW - Industrial wastes KW - Assessments KW - Pollutants KW - Fisheries KW - Pollution KW - Urban areas KW - Screening KW - Environmental assessment KW - PN, Arctic KW - Risk KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Deserts KW - Rural areas KW - Pollution control KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17288312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.atitle=Aquatic+selenium+pollution+is+a+global+environmental+safety+issue&rft.au=Lemly%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Lemly&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology+and+Environmental+Safety&rft.issn=01476513&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0147-6513%2803%2900095-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Screening; Pollution monitoring; Environmental assessment; Agricultural pollution; Pollution effects; Man-induced effects; Habitat; Water quality; Fishery resources; Selenium; Long-term planning; Industrial wastes; Bioaccumulation; Pollutants; Ecotoxicology; Fishery management; Water management; Deserts; Hazard assessment; Pollution control; Contamination; Mountains; Agricultural practices; Rain forests; Fisheries; Sound; Contaminants; Pollution; Environmental impact; Rural areas; Urban areas; Hazards; Risk; Assessments; Aquatic Habitats; Aquatic Life; Safety; PN, Arctic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0147-6513(03)00095-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) vaccine in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by intraperitoneal and bath immersion administration AN - 1500778001; 19046298 AB - We evaluated the effectiveness of a vaccine in tilapia () for prevention of streptococcal disease. The vaccine was prepared from formalin-killed cells and concentrated extracellular products (greater than 3kDa) of a single isolate of (ARS-KU-MU-11B). Intraperitoneal (IP) and bath immersion (BI) vaccine trials were conducted at two temperatures, 32 and 26 degree C, and mean fish weights, 5 and 30g. Control tilapia were injected with tryptic soy broth. Thirty gram tilapia vaccinated and challenged by IP injection with 1.5x104 colony-forming units (CFU)/fish of at 30 days post-immunization had a relative percent survival (RPS) of 80. Smaller tilapia vaccinated and challenged under similar conditions had an RPS of 25. An RPS of zero was noted in 30g fish IP vaccinated with and IP challenged with . The 5 and 30g tilapia bath immunized with and IP challenged with 3.6x105 and 1.7x106CFU/fish of had RPS values of 34. Intraperitoneal administration of the vaccine provided efficacious protection only in the 30g tilapia regardless of whether the fish were immunized and challenged at 26 or 32 degree C. Bath immunization of both 5 and 30g tilapia resulted in RPS values that were two times lower than those achieved with IP vaccination. The results of this study suggest that there is a lack of cross-protection of bacterins against challenge. Protection against infection is, however, provided through vaccination with a modified bacterin vaccine. JF - Vaccine AU - Evans, Joyce J AU - Klesius, Phillip H AU - Shoemaker, Craig A AD - United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, 151 Dixon Drive, Chestertown, MD 21620, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 3769 EP - 3773 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 22 IS - 27 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Vaccines KW - Tilapia KW - Temperature effects KW - Bacterins KW - Cross-protection KW - Survival KW - Infection KW - Vaccination KW - Soybeans KW - Streptococcus agalactiae KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Immersion KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - J 02350:Immunology KW - F 06940:Fish Immunity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1500778001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+Streptococcus+agalactiae+%28group+B%29+vaccine+in+tilapia+%28Oreochromis+niloticus%29+by+intraperitoneal+and+bath+immersion+administration&rft.au=Evans%2C+Joyce+J%3BKlesius%2C+Phillip+H%3BShoemaker%2C+Craig+A&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=3769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2004.03.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Cross-protection; Bacterins; Colony-forming cells; Immersion; Survival; Vaccines; Infection; Vaccination; Soybeans; Streptococcus agalactiae; Oreochromis niloticus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.03.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A technique for conducting point pattern analysis of cluster plot stem-maps AN - 17705390; 6045197 AB - Point pattern analysis of forest inventory stem-maps may aid interpretation and inventory estimation of forest attributes. To evaluate the techniques and benefits of conducting point pattern analysis of forest inventory stem-maps, Ripley's K(t) was calculated for simulated tree spatial distributions and for over 600 USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots in Minnesota and Wisconsin. A new technique for calculation of Ripley's K(t) for cluster plot stem-maps was proposed that involves the truncation and combination of clustered, circular sub-plots (0.01ha) into one square (0.04ha) for each inventory plot. For Poisson and uniform simulated tree spatial distributions, combined sub-plots may possess nearly the same spatial properties as the entire plot area from which they were sampled. Although sub-plots may be too small for meaningful spatial analysis, combined sub-plots may permit spatial analysis regardless of how sub-plots are combined. The step-size (t) at which stem-map point patterns were most discernible as either clustered or uniform varied by forest type. Additionally, stand disturbances may increase K(t). Although limitations exist, point pattern analysis of forest inventory stem-maps may permit refined ecological analysis of forest inventories. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Woodall, C W AU - Graham, J M AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, cwoodall@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 23 SP - 31 EP - 37 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 198 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Inventories KW - Spatial distribution KW - Trees KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - USA, Minnesota KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17705390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=A+technique+for+conducting+point+pattern+analysis+of+cluster+plot+stem-maps&rft.au=Woodall%2C+C+W%3BGraham%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Woodall&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-08-23&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2004.03.037 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Minnesota; USA, Wisconsin; Inventories; Trees; Spatial distribution; Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.03.037 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aspergillus flavus expressed sequence tags for identification of genes with putative roles in aflatoxin contamination of crops. AN - 66808317; 15321681 AB - Aflatoxins, produced primarily by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, are among the most toxic and carcinogenic naturally occurring compounds. In an attempt to identify genes potentially involved in aflatoxin contamination of crops, and to better understand the biology of A. flavus, a large scale sequencing of A. flavus expressed sequence tags (EST) was conducted. The 5' ends of 26,110 cDNA clones from a normalized cDNA expression library were sequenced. After annotation, a total of 7218 unique ESTs in A. flavus were assembled into 3749 tentative concensus sequences and 3469 singleton sequences. The functional classifications of the genes or Gene Ontology (GO) terms were assigned to these ESTs. Genes potentially involved in the aflatoxin contamination process were identified in the ESTs sequenced. These include the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, signal transduction, global regulation, pathogenicity of the fungus, and stress response. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Yu, Jiujiang AU - Whitelaw, Catherine A AU - Nierman, William C AU - Bhatnagar, Deepak AU - Cleveland, Thomas E AD - Food and Feed Safety Research, USDA/ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. jiuyu@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 15 SP - 333 EP - 340 VL - 237 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - Virulence Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Crops, Agricultural -- microbiology KW - Base Sequence KW - Oxidative Stress KW - DNA, Complementary -- chemistry KW - Virulence Factors -- genetics KW - Consensus Sequence KW - Signal Transduction KW - Aspergillus flavus -- genetics KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Fungal -- physiology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- pathogenicity KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism KW - Expressed Sequence Tags UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66808317?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=Aspergillus+flavus+expressed+sequence+tags+for+identification+of+genes+with+putative+roles+in+aflatoxin+contamination+of+crops.&rft.au=Yu%2C+Jiujiang%3BWhitelaw%2C+Catherine+A%3BNierman%2C+William+C%3BBhatnagar%2C+Deepak%3BCleveland%2C+Thomas+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Jiujiang&rft.date=2004-08-15&rft.volume=237&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Surface Tarp on Emissions and Distribution of Drip-Applied Fumigants AN - 16176767; 6057101 AB - Soil fumigants are used to control a wide variety of soil-borne pests in high-cash-value crops. Application of soil fumigants through drip irrigation systems is receiving increasing attention as a method to improve the uniformity of fumigant application. Little information is available on the emissions and soil distribution of fumigants following subsurface drip application, or the effect of plastic tarp on fumigant emissions in these systems. In these experiments, the fumigant compounds 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), Vapam (a methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) precursor), and propargyl bromide (PrBr) were applied to soil beds via drip irrigation at 15 cm depth. Beds were tarped with either standard 1-mil high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or a virtually impermeable film (VIF), leaving the furrows bare. Cumulative emissions of 1,3-D, MITC, and PrBr in these tarped bedded systems was very low, amounting to <10% of the applied mass. These experiments were conducted in the winter months, with average air temperatures of 12-15 degree C. Cumulative emissions of MITC and 1,3-D from a sandy loam field soil were decreased by greater than or equal to 80% by tarping the bed with VIF rather than HDPE. A large fraction of the 1,3-D and PrBr flux was from the untarped furrows in VIF-tarped plots, indicating that inhibiting volatilization from the furrow will be important in further reducing emissions in these systems. Monitoring the fumigant distribution in soil indicated that tarping the bed with VIF resulted in a more effective containment of fumigant vapors compared to use of a HDPE tarp. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Papiernik, S K AU - Yates AU - Dungan, R S AU - Lesch, S M AU - Zheng, W AU - Guo, M AD - George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92507, USA, papiernik@morris.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 15 SP - 4254 EP - 4262 VL - 38 IS - 16 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Vapors KW - Irrigation KW - Temperature KW - Pest control KW - Emission control KW - Containment KW - Fumigation KW - Crops KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16176767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Surface+Tarp+on+Emissions+and+Distribution+of+Drip-Applied+Fumigants&rft.au=Papiernik%2C+S+K%3BYates%3BDungan%2C+R+S%3BLesch%2C+S+M%3BZheng%2C+W%3BGuo%2C+M&rft.aulast=Papiernik&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-08-15&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=4254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes035423q LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vapors; Irrigation; Temperature; Emission control; Pest control; Containment; Crops; Fumigation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es035423q ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aminomethylphosphonic acid, a metabolite of glyphosate, causes injury in glyphosate-treated, glyphosate-resistant soybean. AN - 66753539; 15291487 AB - Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was developed by stable integration of a foreign gene that codes insensitive enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, an enzyme in the shikimate pathway, the target pathway of glyphosate. Application of glyphosate to GR soybean results in injury under certain conditions. It was hypothesized that if GR soybean is completely resistant to the glyphosate, injury could be caused by a metabolite of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), a known phytotoxin. Glyphosate and AMPA effects on one- to two-trifoliolate leaf stage (16-18-days old) GR and non-GR soybean were examined in the greenhouse. In GR soybean, a single application of glyphosate-isopropylammonium (1.12-13.44 kg/ha) with 0.5% Tween 20 did not significantly reduce the chlorophyll content of the second trifoliolate leaf at 7 days after treatment (DAT) or the shoot dry weight at 14 DAT compared with Tween 20 alone. A single application of AMPA (0.12-8.0 kg/ha) with 0.5% Tween 20 reduced the chlorophyll content of the second trifoliolate leaf by 0-52% at 4 DAT and reduced shoot fresh weight by 0-42% at 14 DAT in both GR and non-GR soybeans compared with Tween 20 alone. AMPA at 0.12 and 0.50 kg/ha produced injury in GR and non-GR soybean, respectively, similar to that caused by glyphosate-isopropylammonium at 13.44 kg/ha in GR soybean. AMPA levels found in AMPA-treated soybean of both types and in glyphosate-treated GR soybean correlated similarly with phytotoxicity. These results suggest that soybean injury to GR soybean from glyphosate is due to AMPA formed from glyphosate degradation. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Reddy, Krishna N AU - Rimando, Agnes M AU - Duke, Stephen O AD - Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA. kreddy@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08/11/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 11 SP - 5139 EP - 5143 VL - 52 IS - 16 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Organophosphonates KW - aminomethylphosphonic acid KW - Shikimic Acid KW - 29MS2WI2NU KW - glyphosate KW - 4632WW1X5A KW - Glycine KW - TE7660XO1C KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Drug Resistance KW - Shikimic Acid -- metabolism KW - Soybeans -- drug effects KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Soybeans -- metabolism KW - Organophosphonates -- metabolism KW - Glycine -- pharmacology KW - Glycine -- metabolism KW - Organophosphonates -- pharmacology KW - Glycine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Organophosphonates -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66753539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Aminomethylphosphonic+acid%2C+a+metabolite+of+glyphosate%2C+causes+injury+in+glyphosate-treated%2C+glyphosate-resistant+soybean.&rft.au=Reddy%2C+Krishna+N%3BRimando%2C+Agnes+M%3BDuke%2C+Stephen+O&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=Krishna&rft.date=2004-08-11&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=5139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic consequences of forest population dynamics influenced by historic climatic variability in the western USA AN - 17276748; 6045150 AB - We review recent advances in climate science that show cyclic climatic variation over multiple time scales and give examples of the impacts of this variation on plant populations in the western USA. The paleohistorical reconstructions we review and others indicate that plant species track these cycles in individualistically complex ways. These dynamic histories suggest that genetic structures are in a non-equilibrium state, with populations constantly lagging their environmental optima. Such dynamism may serve to maintain genetic variation in populations, which may be a hedge against rapid environmental change. We also discuss how population history affects the way we analyze and interpret genetic data and, conversely, the way genetic theory affects historical reconstructions. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Westfall, R D AU - Millar, C I AD - Sierra Nevada Research Center, PSW Research Station, USDA Forest Service, PO Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA, bwestfall@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08/11/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 11 SP - 159 EP - 170 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 197 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - USA KW - Data processing KW - Reviews KW - USA, West KW - Environmental changes KW - Climate KW - Genetic diversity KW - Forests KW - Genetic structure KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17276748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Genetic+consequences+of+forest+population+dynamics+influenced+by+historic+climatic+variability+in+the+western+USA&rft.au=Westfall%2C+R+D%3BMillar%2C+C+I&rft.aulast=Westfall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-11&rft.volume=197&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2004.05.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, West; USA; Reviews; Genetic structure; Data processing; Climate; Environmental changes; Forest management; Forests; Genetic diversity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continuous production of ethyl esters of grease using an immobilized lipase AN - 746070624; 12039233 AB - The continous production of ethyl esters of grease using a phyllosilicate sol-gel immobilized lipase from Burkholderias cepacia (IM BS-30) as catalyst was investigated. Enzymatic transesterification was carried out in a recirculating packed-column reactor using IM BS-30 as the stationary phase and ethanol and restaurant grease as the substrates without solvent. The bioreactor was operated at various temperatures (40--60°C), flow rates (5--50 mL/min), and times (8--48 h) to optimize ester production. Under the optimal operating conditions (flow rate, 30 mL/min; temperature, 50°C; mole ratio of substrates, 4∶ 1 ethanol/grease; reaction time, 48 h), the ester yields were >96%. The IM BS-30 could be reused in the reactor for continous ester production. The conversion of grease to ester was monitored by HPLC and GC, whereas free and total glycerol content in the product was determined by GC. Either water-washing or silica column chromatography reduced the free and total glycerol content of the ethyl ester preparation to acceptable levels. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Hsu, An-Fei AU - Jones, Kerby C AU - Foglia, Thomas A AU - Marmer, William N AD - USDA, ARS, ERRC, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, 19038 Wyndmoor, PA, ahsu@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 749 EP - 752 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Temperature effects KW - grease KW - Solvents KW - Column chromatography KW - Burkholderia cepacia KW - Esters KW - stationary phase KW - Oil KW - Triacylglycerol lipase KW - Guanylate cyclase KW - Silica KW - Glycerol KW - Bioreactors KW - Catalysts KW - Ethanol KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746070624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Continuous+production+of+ethyl+esters+of+grease+using+an+immobilized+lipase&rft.au=Hsu%2C+An-Fei%3BJones%2C+Kerby+C%3BFoglia%2C+Thomas+A%3BMarmer%2C+William+N&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=An-Fei&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=749&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-004-0973-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; High-performance liquid chromatography; grease; Solvents; Column chromatography; Esters; Oil; stationary phase; Guanylate cyclase; Triacylglycerol lipase; Glycerol; Silica; Bioreactors; Catalysts; Ethanol; Burkholderia cepacia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-004-0973-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-linkers control the viscoelastic properties of soybean oil-based biomaterials AN - 746048957; 12039244 AB - Because of environmental concerns, biodegradable materials have been of increasing research interest over the last several years. Previously, we reported on a biobased material developed from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) that displayed viscoelastic behavior similar to synthetic rubbers or plastics. In this work, the viscoelastic properties of several biomaterials made from ESO cross-linked by different amounts of two different cross-linking agents were investigated. The composites exhibited different glass transition temperatures and viscoelastic behaviors depending on the type and amount of cross-linker used. Higher glass transition temperatures and stronger viscoelastic properties of the materials were found with a greater amount of cross-linker. Comparing agent triethylene glycol diamine (TGD) with agent triethylenetriamine (TETA), we found that the material cross-linked by TETA had a higher glass transition temperature and stronger viscoelastic solid properties than the material cross-linked by the agent TGD. JF - Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society AU - Xu, Jingyuan AU - Liu, Zengshe AU - Erhan, Sevim Z AU - Carriere, Craig J AD - Food and Industrial Oil Research, NCAUR, ARS, USDA, 61604 Peoria, Illinois, xuj@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 813 EP - 816 PB - American Oil Chemists' Society Press, 1608 Broadmoor Dr Champaign IL 61826-3489 USA VL - 81 IS - 8 SN - 0003-021X, 0003-021X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Oil KW - Biomaterials KW - Rubber KW - triethylene glycol KW - Plastics KW - Biodegradability KW - viscoelasticity KW - Soybeans KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746048957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.atitle=Cross-linkers+control+the+viscoelastic+properties+of+soybean+oil-based+biomaterials&rft.au=Xu%2C+Jingyuan%3BLiu%2C+Zengshe%3BErhan%2C+Sevim+Z%3BCarriere%2C+Craig+J&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Jingyuan&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=813&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft.issn=0003021X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11746-004-0984-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Temperature effects; Biomaterials; Rubber; triethylene glycol; Plastics; Biodegradability; viscoelasticity; Soybeans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-004-0984-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multigene phylogeny reveals new lineage for Stachybotrys chartarum, the indoor air fungus. AN - 66911436; 15449591 AB - Stachybotrys chartarum is an asexually reproducing fungus commonly isolated from soil and litter that is also known to occur in indoor environments and is implicated as the cause of serious illness and even death in humans. Despite its economic importance, higher level phylogenetic relationships of Stachybotrys have not been determined nor has a sexual state for S. chartarum been reported. DNA sequences from four nuclear and one mitochondrial gene were analyzed to determine the ordinal and familial placement of Stachybotrys within the Euascomycota. These data reveal that species of Stachybotrys including S. chartarum, S. albipes, for which the sexual state Melanopsamma pomiformis is reported, species of Myrothecium, and two other tropical hypocrealean species form a previously unknown monophyletic lineage within the Hypocreales. These results suggest that Stachybotrys and Myrothecium are closely related and share characteristics with other hypocrealean fungi. In addition, S. chartarum may have a sexual state in nature that consists of small, black, fleshy perithecia similar to Melanopsamma. JF - Mycological research AU - Castlebury, Lisa A AU - Rossman, Amy Y AU - Sung, Gi-Ho AU - Hyten, Aimee S AU - Spatafora, Joseph W AD - Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. castlebury@nt.ars-grin.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 864 EP - 872 VL - 108 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Base Sequence KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Air Pollution, Indoor KW - Humans KW - Reproduction KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Air Microbiology KW - Hypocreales -- genetics KW - Reproduction, Asexual KW - Hypocreales -- classification KW - Stachybotrys -- genetics KW - Stachybotrys -- pathogenicity KW - Stachybotrys -- classification KW - Stachybotrys -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66911436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+research&rft.atitle=Multigene+phylogeny+reveals+new+lineage+for+Stachybotrys+chartarum%2C+the+indoor+air+fungus.&rft.au=Castlebury%2C+Lisa+A%3BRossman%2C+Amy+Y%3BSung%2C+Gi-Ho%3BHyten%2C+Aimee+S%3BSpatafora%2C+Joseph+W&rft.aulast=Castlebury&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=&rft.spage=864&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth, development, and survival of Nosema pyrausta-infected European corn borers (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) reared on meridic diet and Cry1Ab. AN - 66903145; 15384327 AB - Transgenic corn, Zea mays L., hybrids expressing crystal protein endotoxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner are an increasingly popular tactic for managing the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in North America. O. nubilalis populations also are often vulnerable to the ubiquitous entomopathogenic microsporidium Nosema pyrausta (Paillot). We examined the effect of feeding meridic diet incorporated with purified Cry1Ab on growth, development, and survival of Nosema-infected and uninfected neonate O. nubilalis. Infected larvae developed more slowly than uninfected larvae. Increasing the concentration of Cry1Ab in diet reduced larval development, and this effect was amplified by microsporidiosis. Infected larvae weighed significantly less than uninfected larvae. The relationship among Nosema infection, Cry1Ab concentration, and larval weight was fitted to an exponential function. The LC50 of infected larvae was one-third that of uninfected larvae, indicating that infected larvae are more vulnerable to toxin. This work has implications for resistance management of O. nubilalis and demonstrates that it is important to determine whether N. pyrausta is present when testing susceptibility of larvae to transgenic corn hybrids. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Reardon, B J AU - Hellmich, R L AU - Sumerford, D V AU - Lewis, L C AD - Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Genetics Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1198 EP - 1201 VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Larva -- parasitology KW - Gene Expression KW - Endotoxins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Toxins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Moths -- growth & development KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Nosema -- physiology KW - Moths -- physiology KW - Endotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Bacterial Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Bacterial Toxins -- administration & dosage KW - Zea mays -- genetics KW - Moths -- parasitology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66903145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Growth%2C+development%2C+and+survival+of+Nosema+pyrausta-infected+European+corn+borers+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Crambidae%29+reared+on+meridic+diet+and+Cry1Ab.&rft.au=Reardon%2C+B+J%3BHellmich%2C+R+L%3BSumerford%2C+D+V%3BLewis%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Reardon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revised irradiation doses to control melon fly, Mediterranean fruit fly, and oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) and a generic dose for tephritid fruit flies. AN - 66902303; 15384335 AB - Currently approved irradiation quarantine treatment doses for Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillet), melon fly; Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Mediterranean fruit fly; and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), oriental fruit fly, infesting fruits and vegetables for export from Hawaii to the continental United States are 210, 225, and 250 Gy, respectively. Irradiation studies were initiated to determine whether these doses could be reduced to lower treatment costs, minimize any adverse effects on quality, and support a proposed generic irradiation dose of 150 Gy for fruit flies. Dose-response tests were conducted with late third instars of wild and laboratory strains of the three fruit fly species, both in diet and in fruit. After x-ray irradiation treatment, data were taken on adult emergence, and adult female fecundity and fertility. Melon fly was the most tolerant of the three species to irradiation, and oriental fruit fly was more tolerant than Mediterranean fruit fly. Laboratory and wild strains of each species were equally tolerant of irradiation, and larvae were more tolerant when irradiated in fruit compared with artificial diet. An irradiation dose of 150 Gy applied to 93,666 melon fly late third instars in papayas resulted in no survival to the adult stage, indicating that this dose is sufficient to provide quarantine security. Irradiation doses of 100 and 125 Gy applied to 31,920 Mediterranean fruit fly and 55,743 oriental fruit fly late third instars, respectively, also resulted in no survival to the adult stage. Results support a proposed generic irradiation quarantine treatment dose of 150 Gy for all tephritid fruit flies. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Follett, Peter A AU - Armstrong, John W AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA. pfollett@pbarc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1254 EP - 1262 VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reproduction KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Vegetables KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Fruit KW - Tephritidae -- physiology KW - Food Irradiation -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66902303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Revised+irradiation+doses+to+control+melon+fly%2C+Mediterranean+fruit+fly%2C+and+oriental+fruit+fly+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29+and+a+generic+dose+for+tephritid+fruit+flies.&rft.au=Follett%2C+Peter+A%3BArmstrong%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Follett&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sucrose octanoate toxicity to brown citrus aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). AN - 66900285; 15384331 AB - We report the toxicological effects of a new biorational, synthetic sucrose octanoate (AVA Chemical Ventures L.L.C., Portsmouth, NH), on brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), nymphs and adults and to its native parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson). Sucrose octanoate topically applied was equally toxic to brown citrus aphid adults and nymphs with LC50 and LC90 values ranging from 356 to 514 and 1029 to 1420 ppm, respectively. Mortalities of both stages did not differ significantly over time during the 3-24-h sampling period. Dry residues of sucrose octanoate exhibited similar levels of toxicity to both nymphs and adults. Mortality ranged from 60 to 70% at 6,000 ppm 4 h after exposure. L. testaceipes was not harmed by treatments as high as 4,000 ppm of sucrose octanoate as long as the parasitoid had mummified before treatment. Based on these results, sucrose octanoate would be a useful biorational in citrus integrated pest management programs. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - McKenzie, C L AU - Weathersbee, A A AU - Hunter, Wayne B AU - Puterka, Gary J AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Rd., Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1233 EP - 1238 VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - sucrose octanoate KW - Sucrose KW - 57-50-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Plant Diseases KW - Citrus KW - Aphids KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Sucrose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Sucrose -- toxicity KW - Hymenoptera -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66900285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Sucrose+octanoate+toxicity+to+brown+citrus+aphid+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29+and+the+parasitoid+Lysiphlebus+testaceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphidiidae%29.&rft.au=McKenzie%2C+C+L%3BWeathersbee%2C+A+A%3BHunter%2C+Wayne+B%3BPuterka%2C+Gary+J&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of stored-grain insect infestation in wheat transported in railroad hopper-cars. AN - 66900231; 15384363 AB - Levels of insect infestation, insect spatial distribution, and the relationship between the number of insect-damaged kernels (IDK) and the number of insects present in grain samples in three-hopper railcars transporting wheat from country elevators to a mill were studied. Six of eight sampled railcars were infested with more than two species of insects. The most abundant species collected were the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), with the larval stage of the two species being the most prevalent (>90%). The spatial distributions of these two species within the grain mass were typically clumped in railcar compartments containing >0.4 insect/2.75-kg sample of wheat, and these foci of high-infestation levels varied in compartments within the railcars and among the sampled railcars. There were no significant correlations between IDK and insect density for any of the different stage-specific insect populations that were collected in the grain samples. Mean numbers of immatures and IDK differed among railcars and compartments within railcars, but not among grain depths. Number of insects in the first discharge sample was not correlated with mean numbers of insects in the entire compartment. This indicates that each compartment of a railcar should be sampled to determine level of insect infestation but that sampling at different depths within a compartment is less important. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Perez-Mendoza, Joel AU - Flinn, Paul W AU - Campbell, James F AU - Hagstrum, David W AU - Throne, James E AD - USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1474 EP - 1483 VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Population Density KW - Food Contamination KW - Beetles KW - Triticum KW - Transportation KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66900231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+stored-grain+insect+infestation+in+wheat+transported+in+railroad+hopper-cars.&rft.au=Perez-Mendoza%2C+Joel%3BFlinn%2C+Paul+W%3BCampbell%2C+James+F%3BHagstrum%2C+David+W%3BThrone%2C+James+E&rft.aulast=Perez-Mendoza&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of aeration and spinosad for suppressing insects in stored wheat. AN - 66900207; 15384362 AB - Field studies were conducted from July 2002 to January 2003 for evaluating the effects of controlled aeration and a commercial biological insecticide, spinosad, in suppressing insect populations in stored wheat. Six cylindrical steel bins were filled with newly harvested (2002 crop year) hard red winter wheat on 9 and 10 July 2002. Each bin contained 30.7 metric tons (1,100 bu) of wheat. Wheat in two bins was left untreated (control), whereas wheat in two bins was treated with spinosad, and in another two bins was subjected to aeration by using aeration controllers. Spinosad was applied to wheat at the time of bin filling to obtain a rate of 1 mg ([AI])/kg. Aeration controllers were set to run the fans when ambient air temperature fell below 23.9, 18.3, and 7.2 degrees C for the first, second, and third cooling cycles, respectively. We added 400 adults each of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens); lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.); and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), to the grain at monthly intervals between July and October 2002. Insect density in the bins was estimated monthly by taking 3-kg grain samples from 21 locations within each bin by using a pneumatic grain sampler. No live T. castaneum or C. ferrugineus and very low densities of R. dominica (<0.008 adults per kilogram) were found in wheat treated with spinosad during the 6-mo sampling period. Density of C. ferrugineus and T. castaneum in aerated bins did not exceed two adults per kilogram (the Federal Grain Inspection Service standard for infested wheat), whereas R. dominica increased to 12 adults per kilogram in November 2002, which subsequently decreased to three adults per kilogram in January 2003. In the untreated (control) bins, R. dominica density increased faster than that of C. ferrugineus or T. castaneum. Density of R. dominica peaked at 58 adults per kilogram in October 2002 and decreased subsequently, whereas T. castaneum density was 10 adults per kilogram in October 2002 but increased to 78 adults per kilogram in January 2003. Density of C. ferrugineus increased steadily during the 6-mo study period and was highest (six adults per kilogram) in January 2003. This is the first report comparing the field efficacy of spinosad and aeration in managing insects in farm bins. Our results suggest that spinosad is very effective in suppressing R. dominica, C. ferrugineus, and T. castaneum populations in stored wheat. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Flinn, P W AU - Subramanyam, Bh AU - Arthur, F H AD - USDA-ARS, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1465 EP - 1473 VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Drug Combinations KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Macrolides KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - spinosad KW - XPA88EAP6V KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tribolium KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Beetles KW - Triticum KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Oxygen -- administration & dosage KW - Macrolides -- administration & dosage KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Food Preservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66900207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+aeration+and+spinosad+for+suppressing+insects+in+stored+wheat.&rft.au=Flinn%2C+P+W%3BSubramanyam%2C+Bh%3BArthur%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Flinn&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of moniliformin in maize using capillary zone electrophoresis. AN - 66879015; 15370832 AB - Moniliformin is a mycotoxin produced by certain fungi pathogenic to maize. It is capable of causing disease in domestic animals, possibly through inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Testing for MON commonly involves extraction of maize, isolation of moniliformin using solid-phase extraction columns and detection with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography. A capillary zone electrophoresis-diode array detection (CZE-DAD) method for determination of moniliformin in maize is reported. The extraction and isolation procedures are similar to those of a commonly used HPLC method, while the detection step requires only 10 min. Sixty-three samples of maize were tested by an established HPLC method using absorbance at 229 nm (HPLC-ultraviolet light) and by the CZE-DAD method. The limit of detection of the CZE-DAD method was 0.1 microg MON g(-1) maize compared with 0.05 microg g(-1) for the HPLC-ultraviolet light method. The CZE-DAD method gave good agreement with the HPLC-ultraviolet light method for samples tested at levels up to 1500 microg g(-1), with a linear regression of r(2) = 0.996. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Maragos, C M AD - USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. maragocm@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 803 EP - 810 VL - 21 IS - 8 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Cyclobutanes KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - moniliformin KW - 31876-38-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Cyclobutanes -- analysis KW - Electrophoresis, Capillary -- methods KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66879015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Detection+of+moniliformin+in+maize+using+capillary+zone+electrophoresis.&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=803&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fruit extracts antagonize Abeta- or DA-induced deficits in Ca2+ flux in M1-transfected COS-7 cells. AN - 66844325; 15345811 AB - Evidence suggests that there is a selective sensitivity to oxidative stress (OSS) among muscarinic receptor (MAChR) subtypes with M1, M2 and M4 showing > OSS than M3 or M5 subtypes in transfected COS-7 cells. This may be important in determining the regional specificity in neuronal aging and Alzheimer disease (AD). We assessed the effectiveness of blueberry (BB) and other high antioxidant (HA) fruit extracts (boysenberry, BY; cranberry, CB; black currant, BC; strawberry, SB; dried plums, DP; and grape, GR) on the toxic effects of Abeta 25-35 (100 microM, 24 hrs) and DA (1 mM, 4 hrs) on calcium buffering (Recovery) following oxotremorine (750 microM) -induced depolarization in M1AChR-transfected COS-7 cells, and on cell viability following DA (4 hrs) exposure. The extracts showed differential levels of Recovery protection in comparisons to the non-supplemented controls that was dependent upon whether DA or Abeta was used as the pretreatment. Interestingly, assessments of DA-induced decrements in viability revealed that all of the extracts had some protective effects. These findings suggest that the putative toxic effects of Abeta or DA might be reduced by HA fruit extracts. JF - Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD AU - Joseph, James A AU - Fisher, Derek R AU - Carey, Amanda N AD - USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. james.joseph@tufts.edu Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 403 EP - 11; discussion 443-9 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1387-2877, 1387-2877 KW - Amyloid beta-Peptides KW - 0 KW - Antioxidants KW - Muscarinic Agonists KW - Receptors, Muscarinic KW - Oxotremorine KW - 5RY0UWH1JL KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - COS Cells -- metabolism KW - Oxotremorine -- pharmacology KW - Alzheimer Disease -- drug therapy KW - Oxotremorine -- administration & dosage KW - Muscarinic Agonists -- administration & dosage KW - Calcium -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Blueberry Plants KW - Transfection -- methods KW - Amyloid beta-Peptides -- toxicity KW - Muscarinic Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Muscarinic -- drug effects KW - Alzheimer Disease -- metabolism KW - Amyloid beta-Peptides -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Receptors, Muscarinic -- metabolism KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66844325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease+%3A+JAD&rft.atitle=Fruit+extracts+antagonize+Abeta-+or+DA-induced+deficits+in+Ca2%2B+flux+in+M1-transfected+COS-7+cells.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+James+A%3BFisher%2C+Derek+R%3BCarey%2C+Amanda+N&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Alzheimer%27s+disease+%3A+JAD&rft.issn=13872877&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibacterial activities of naturally occurring compounds against antibiotic-resistant Bacillus cereus vegetative cells and spores, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. AN - 66825904; 15330549 AB - After demonstrating the lack of effectiveness of standard antibiotics against the acquired antibiotic resistance of Bacillus cereus (NCTC 10989), Escherichia coli (NCTC 1186), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 12715), we showed that the following natural substances were antibacterial against these resistant pathogens: cinnamon oil, oregano oil, thyme oil, carvacrol, (S)-perillaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (beta-resorcylic acid), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine (dopamine). Exposure of the three pathogens to a dilution series of the test compounds showed that oregano oil was the most active substance. The oils and pure compounds exhibited exceptional activity against B. cereus vegetative cells, with oregano oil being active at nanogram per milliliter levels. In contrast, activities against B. cereus spores were very low. Activities of the test compounds were in the following approximate order: oregano oil > thyme oil approximately carvacrol > cinnamon oil > perillaldehyde > dopamine > beta-resorcylic acid. The order of susceptibilities of the pathogens to inactivation was as follows: B. cereus (vegetative) >> S. aureus approximately E. coli >> B. cereus (spores). Some of the test substances may be effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria in foods and feeds. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Friedman, Mendel AU - Buick, Robert AU - Elliott, Christopher T AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. mfried@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1774 EP - 1778 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Plant Oils KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Food Microbiology KW - Plant Oils -- pharmacology KW - Spores, Bacterial -- drug effects KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- growth & development KW - Escherichia coli -- drug effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Bacillus cereus -- drug effects KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli -- growth & development KW - Bacillus cereus -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66825904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Antibacterial+activities+of+naturally+occurring+compounds+against+antibiotic-resistant+Bacillus+cereus+vegetative+cells+and+spores%2C+Escherichia+coli%2C+and+Staphylococcus+aureus.&rft.au=Friedman%2C+Mendel%3BBuick%2C+Robert%3BElliott%2C+Christopher+T&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Mendel&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1774&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incubation of egg contents pools at an elevated temperature (42 degrees C) does not improve the rapid detection of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 14b. AN - 66825850; 15330544 AB - Detecting internal Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) contamination in eggs is essential for protecting public health. Pooling together > or = 10 eggs for sampling allows many eggs to be screened for contamination, but such pools must be incubated (usually at 25 to 37 degrees C) to permit small numbers of SE to multiply before further testing. The present study determined whether incubating egg contents pools at an elevated temperature (42 degrees C) could increase the rate of multiplication of a phage type 14b strain of SE sufficiently to support the detection of contamination by a rapid lateral flow immunodiffusion method within a single day. Pools of 10 eggs were contaminated with approximately 10 CFU of SE, supplemented with concentrated broth enrichment medium, and incubated at either 37 or 42 degrees C. Incubation of contaminated egg pools at 42 degrees C resulted in significantly higher SE levels after 6, 8, 10, and 12 h. However, incubation at 42 degrees C could only generate a mean log SE concentration of 4.21 CFU/ml within a single working day (8 h), inadequate to support efficient detection by most rapid assays. Detection of SE contamination in egg pools by a rapid lateral flow immunodiffusion test was not achieved at a high frequency until 12 h of incubation at 42 degrees C. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Gast, Richard K AU - Holt, Peter S AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. rgast@seprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1751 EP - 1754 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunodiffusion -- methods KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Temperature KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- growth & development KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Salmonella Phages -- isolation & purification KW - Eggs -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66825850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kolner+Zeitschrift+fur+Soziologie+und+Sozialpsychologie&rft.atitle=Regional+Concentration+and+Labor+Market+Success%3A+Endogenous+and+Exogenous+Effects+of+Relative+Minority+Group+Size&rft.au=Granato%2C+Nadia&rft.aulast=Granato&rft.aufirst=Nadia&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Kolner+Zeitschrift+fur+Soziologie+und+Sozialpsychologie&rft.issn=00232653&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11577-009-0073-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Bacillus cereus on selected retail chicken products. AN - 66823724; 15330548 AB - Samples from five chicken meat products, obtained at retail stores, were evaluated for the presence of Bacillus cereus. The products tested were as follows: breaded, fully cooked, frozen nuggets (NUGGETS); breaded, fully cooked, frozen tenders (TENDERS); fully cooked, frozen, white-meat fajita-style strips (STRIPS); raw, refrigerated, boneless, skinless, marinated breast fillets (FILLETS); and raw, refrigerated, cut-up, tray-pack bone-in parts (PARTS), either split breasts or thighs. Four packages of each item were obtained on three different days (n = 60). Frozen and refrigerated products were held overnight in their respective environments as appropriate; then packages were opened aseptically, and a total of 25 g of tissue was excised from multiple pieces within a package. The 25-g samples were enriched in 225 ml of Trypticase soy-polymixin broth for 18 to 24 h at 30 degrees C and then plated on mannitol-egg yolk-polymixin agar and incubated for 18 to 24 h at 30 degrees C. Colonies characteristic of B. cereus were chosen and replated for isolation on mannitol-egg yolk-polymixin agar. Suspect colonies were confirmed as Bacillus spp. by Gram stain, hemolysis on blood agar, and a biochemical test strip. Isolates were further confirmed as B. cereus using Bacteriological Analytical Manual procedures, including tests for motility, rhizoid growth, hemolysis, and protein toxin crystal production. B. cereus was detected in 27 of 60 total samples. By product, the prevalence levels were as follows: NUGGETS, 11 of 12 positive; TENDERS, 8 of 12 positive; STRIPS, 6 of 12 positive; FILLETS, 0 of 12 positive; and PARTS, 2 of 12 positive. Isolates were tested by PCR for presence of the toxin-encoding genes bceT, nheABC, hblACD, and cytK. Results indicate that B. cereus organisms were present on four of the five retail poultry products tested in this study, with the highest rates reported for the three fully cooked items, especially the two breaded products. All strains isolated contained the gene(s) for at least one of the toxins, although none of the strains contained the cytK gene. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Smith, D P AU - Berrang, M E AU - Feldner, P W AU - Phillips, R W AU - Meinersmann, R J AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. dpsmith@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1770 EP - 1773 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Bacterial Toxins -- analysis KW - Bacillus cereus -- isolation & purification KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66823724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Bacillus+cereus+on+selected+retail+chicken+products.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+P%3BBerrang%2C+M+E%3BFeldner%2C+P+W%3BPhillips%2C+R+W%3BMeinersmann%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1770&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of MIDI-fatty acid methyl ester analysis to monitor the transmission of Campylobacter during commercial poultry processing. AN - 66816897; 15330523 AB - The presence of Campylobacter spp. on broiler carcasses and in scald water taken from a commercial poultry processing facility was monitored on a monthly basis from January through June. Campylobacter agar, Blaser, was used to enumerate Campylobacter in water samples from a multiple-tank scalder; on prescalded, picked, eviscerated, and chilled carcasses; and on processed carcasses stored at 4 degrees C for 7 or 14 days. The MIDI Sherlock microbial identification system was used to identify Campylobacter-like isolates based on the fatty acid methyl ester profile of the bacteria. The dendrogram program of the Sherlock microbial identification system was used to compare the fatty acid methyl ester profiles of the bacteria and determine the degree of relatedness between the isolates. Findings indicated that no Campylobacter were recovered from carcasses or scald tank water samples collected in January or February, but the pathogen was recovered from samples collected in March, April, May, and June. Processing generally produced a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the number of Campylobacter recovered from broiler carcasses, and the number of Campylobacter recovered from refrigerated carcasses generally decreased during storage. Significantly (P < 0.05) fewer Campylobacter were recovered from the final tank of the multiple-tank scald system than from the first tank. MIDI similarity index values ranged from 0.104 to 0.928 based on MIDI-fatty acid methyl ester analysis of Campylobacterjejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates. Dendrograms of the fatty acid methyl ester profile of the isolates indicated that poultry flocks may introduce several strains of C. jejuni and C. coli into processing plants. Different populations of the pathogen may be carried into the processing plant by successive broiler flocks, and the same Campylobacter strain may be recovered from different poultry processing operations. However, Campylobacter apparently is unable to colonize equipment in the processing facility and contaminate broilers from flocks processed at later dates in the facility. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Hinton, Arthur AU - Cason, J A AU - Hume, Michael E AU - Ingram, Kimberly D AD - Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. ahinton@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1610 EP - 1616 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Methyl Ethers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Seasons KW - Temperature KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Campylobacter -- metabolism KW - Campylobacter -- growth & development KW - Campylobacter -- classification KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Food Handling -- instrumentation KW - Methyl Ethers -- analysis KW - Food-Processing Industry -- methods KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66816897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft.genre=dissertations+%26+theses&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Yom-Tov%2C+Anat.%2C&rft.aulast=Yom-Tov&rft.aufirst=Anat.&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=9781109476491&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rethinking+inequality%3A+Constrained+opportunities+and+structural+barriers+to+equality&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mapping of resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis race 5 and sensitivity to Ptr ToxB in wheat. AN - 66754067; 15292990 AB - Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat growing areas of the world. Multiple races of the pathogen have been characterized based on their ability to cause necrosis and/or chlorosis in differential wheat lines. Isolates of race 5 cause chlorosis only, and they produce a host-selective toxin designated Ptr ToxB that induces chlorosis when infiltrated into sensitive genotypes. The international Triticeae mapping initiative (ITMI) mapping population was used to identify genomic regions harboring QTLs for resistance to fungal inoculations of Ptr race 5 and to determine the chromosomal location of the gene conditioning sensitivity to Ptr ToxB. The toxin-insensitivity gene, which we are designating tsc2, mapped to the distal tip of the short arm of chromosome 2B. This gene was responsible for the effects of a major QTL associated with resistance to the race 5 fungus and accounted for 69% of the phenotypic variation. Additional minor QTLs were identified on the short arm of 2A, the long arm of 4A, and on the long arm of chromosome 2B. Together, the major QTL on 2BS identified by tsc2 and the QTL on 4AL explained 73% of the total phenotypic variation for resistance to Ptr race 5. The results of this research indicate that Ptr ToxB is a major virulence factor, and the markers closely linked to tsc2 and the 4A QTL should be useful for introgression of resistance into adapted germplasm. Copyright 2004 Springer-Verlag JF - TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik AU - Friesen, T L AU - Faris, J D AD - USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. friesent@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 464 EP - 471 VL - 109 IS - 3 SN - 0040-5752, 0040-5752 KW - Fungal Proteins KW - 0 KW - Genetic Markers KW - Mycotoxins KW - TOXA protein, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis KW - Index Medicus KW - North Dakota KW - Genetic Markers -- genetics KW - Quantitative Trait Loci -- genetics KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Databases, Genetic KW - Plant Leaves -- microbiology KW - Triticum -- genetics KW - Fungal Proteins -- toxicity KW - Ascomycota -- pathogenicity KW - Plant Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Triticum -- microbiology KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66754067?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TAG.+Theoretical+and+applied+genetics.+Theoretische+und+angewandte+Genetik&rft.atitle=Molecular+mapping+of+resistance+to+Pyrenophora+tritici-repentis+race+5+and+sensitivity+to+Ptr+ToxB+in+wheat.&rft.au=Friesen%2C+T+L%3BFaris%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Friesen&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=TAG.+Theoretical+and+applied+genetics.+Theoretische+und+angewandte+Genetik&rft.issn=00405752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intraspecific phylogeny and lineage group identification based on the prfA virulence gene cluster of Listeria monocytogenes. AN - 66725350; 15262937 AB - Listeria monocytogenes is a serious food-borne pathogen that can cause invasive disease in humans and other animals and has been the leading cause of food recalls due to microbiological concerns in recent years. In order to test hypotheses regarding L. monocytogenes lineage composition, evolution, ecology, and taxonomy, a robust intraspecific phylogeny was developed based on prfA virulence gene cluster sequences from 113 L. monocytogenes isolates. The results of the multigene phylogenetic analyses confirm that L. monocytogenes comprises at least three evolutionary lineages, demonstrate that lineages most frequently (lineage 1) and least frequently (lineage 3) associated with human listeriosis are sister-groups, and reveal for the first time that the human epidemic associated serotype 4b is prevalent among strains from lineage 1 and lineage 3. In addition, a PCR-based test for lineage identification was developed and used in a survey of food products demonstrating that the low frequency of association between lineage 3 isolates and human listeriosis cases likely reflects rarity of exposure and not reduced virulence for humans as has been previously suggested. However, prevalence data do suggest lineage 3 isolates may be better adapted to the animal production environment than the food-processing environment. Finally, analyses of haplotype diversity indicate that lineage 1 has experienced a purge of genetic variation that was not observed in the other lineages, suggesting that the three L. monocytogenes lineages may represent distinct species within the framework of the cohesion species concept. JF - Journal of bacteriology AU - Ward, Todd J AU - Gorski, Lisa AU - Borucki, Monica K AU - Mandrell, Robert E AU - Hutchins, Jan AU - Pupedis, Kitty AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA. wardtj@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 4994 EP - 5002 VL - 186 IS - 15 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Peptide Termination Factors KW - Trans-Activators KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Serotyping KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Listeriosis -- microbiology KW - Phylogeny KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- genetics KW - Trans-Activators -- genetics KW - Multigene Family KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- classification KW - Evolution, Molecular UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66725350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.atitle=Intraspecific+phylogeny+and+lineage+group+identification+based+on+the+prfA+virulence+gene+cluster+of+Listeria+monocytogenes.&rft.au=Ward%2C+Todd+J%3BGorski%2C+Lisa%3BBorucki%2C+Monica+K%3BMandrell%2C+Robert+E%3BHutchins%2C+Jan%3BPupedis%2C+Kitty&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=186&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=4994&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY512472; GENBANK; AY512471; AY512474; AY512473; AY512476; AY512475; AY512478; AY512477; AY512479; AY512470; AY512463; AY512462; AY512461; AY512460; AY512467; AY512466; AY512465; AY512464; AY512469; AY512468; AY510073; AY510074; AY510072; AY512454; AY512453; AY512456; AY512455; AY512450; AY512452; AY512451; AY512391; AY512458; AY512457; AY512393; AY512392; AY512459; AY512394; AY512395; AY512396; AY512397; AY512398; AY512399; AY512445; AY512444; AY512443; AY512442; AY512441; AY512440; AY512449; AY512448; AY512447; AY512446; AY512502; AY512501; AY512500; AY512437; AY512438; AY512435; AY512436; AY512439; AY512430; AY512433; AY512434; AY512431; AY512432; AY512424; AY512425; AY512426; AY512427; AY512428; AY512429; AY512420; AY512421; AY512422; AY512423; AY512497; AY512498; AY512499; AY512493; AY512494; AY512495; AY512496; AY512490; AY512419; AY512492; AY512417; AY512491; AY512418; AY512415; AY512416; AY512413; AY512414; AY512411; AY512412; AY512410; AY512488; AY512489; AY512486; AY512487; AY512484; AY512485; AY512482; AY512483; AY512406; AY512481; AY512407; AY512480; AY512408; AY512409; AY512402; AY512403; AY512404; AY512405; AY512400; AY512401 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Dec;32(12):2936-43 [7883880] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jul;60(7):2584-92 [8074531] Infect Immun. 1997 Jul;65(7):2707-16 [9199440] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):607-25 [10511517] Syst Appl Microbiol. 2000 Apr;23(1):132-6 [10879987] Microbiology. 2001 May;147(Pt 5):1095-104 [11320113] Infect Immun. 2001 Jun;69(6):3972-9 [11349066] Curr Microbiol. 2001 Aug;43(2):129-33 [11391477] Microbes Infect. 2001 Jun;3(7):571-84 [11418331] J Clin Microbiol. 2001 Jul;39(7):2704-7 [11427601] Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):849-52 [11679669] J AOAC Int. 2002 Mar-Apr;85(2):505-15 [11990039] J AOAC Int. 2002 Mar-Apr;85(2):524-31 [11990041] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Jun;68(6):2849-57 [12039742] Annu Rev Microbiol. 2002;56:457-87 [12142474] Vet Microbiol. 2003 Apr 29;92(4):351-62 [12554104] J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Feb;41(2):564-71 [12574247] J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Feb;41(2):632-9 [12574259] J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Feb;41(2):757-62 [12574278] J Food Prot. 2003 Apr;66(4):584-91 [12696680] J Dairy Sci. 2003 Jun;86(6):1865-75 [12836921] J Bacteriol. 2003 Sep;185(18):5573-84 [12949110] J Food Prot. 2003 Sep;66(9):1611-7 [14503714] J Microbiol Methods. 2003 Nov;55(2):425-32 [14529964] J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Dec;41(12):5537-40 [14662936] J Mol Evol. 1980 Dec;16(2):111-20 [7463489] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 May;86(10):3818-22 [2498876] Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1990 Mar;9(3):210-3 [2110901] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991 Apr;4(2):169-83 [1906370] Microbiol Rev. 1991 Sep;55(3):476-511 [1943998] Biotechniques. 1991 Oct;11(4):453, 456-7 [1793575] Microbiology. 1995 Sep;141 ( Pt 9):2053-61 [7496516] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wilderness Values in America: Does Immigrant Status or Ethnicity Matter? AN - 60502314; 200521630 AB - Little is known about the values immigrant groups or U.S.-born racial & ethnic minorities attribute to wilderness. However, the views of these groups are important to wilderness preservation because of increasing diversity along ethnic, cultural, & racial lines in the United States. We examine the proposition that wilderness is a social construction (valued primarily by U.S.-born Whites) by comparing wilderness values for immigrants & U.S.-born minority respondents to Whites. Results from 10 wilderness value items show immigrants are significantly less likely to indicate on-site use value. Among U.S.-born racial/ethnic groups, Black respondents were least likely to indicate values associated with visitation & off-site use but as likely as Whites to indicate a value for continued existence of wilderness. U.S.-born Asians & Latinos were also less likely than Whites to indicate values relating to wilderness on-site use. Implications of findings for wilderness as social construction are discussed. 3 Tables, 65 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Society and Natural Resources AU - Johnson, Cassandra Y AU - Bowker, J M AU - Bergstrom, John C AU - Cordell, H Ken AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA cjohnson09@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 611 EP - 628 VL - 17 IS - 7 SN - 0894-1920, 0894-1920 KW - environmental perception, immigrants, race/ethnicity, wilderness value KW - Perceptions KW - Natural Environment KW - Ethnicity KW - Social Attitudes KW - Race KW - Immigrants KW - Social Constructionism KW - article KW - 0410: group interactions; social group identity & intergroup relations (groups based on race & ethnicity, age, & sexual orientation) KW - 2656: environmental interactions; environmental interactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60502314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society+and+Natural+Resources&rft.atitle=Wilderness+Values+in+America%3A+Does+Immigrant+Status+or+Ethnicity+Matter%3F&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Cassandra+Y%3BBowker%2C+J+M%3BBergstrom%2C+John+C%3BCordell%2C+H+Ken&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Cassandra&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Society+and+Natural+Resources&rft.issn=08941920&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F08941920490466585 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 65 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SNREEI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Social Attitudes; Immigrants; Race; Ethnicity; Natural Environment; Perceptions; Social Constructionism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920490466585 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon sequestration and the restoration of land health; an example from Iceland AN - 51675223; 2005-063590 JF - Climatic Change AU - Arnalds, Andres A2 - Dumanski, Julian A2 - Lal, Rattan Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 333 EP - 346 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 65 IS - 3 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - soils KW - revegetation KW - Western Europe KW - sequestration KW - erosion KW - reclamation KW - sinks KW - Europe KW - desertification KW - Kyoto Protocol KW - Framework Convention on Climatic Change KW - climate change KW - geochemical cycle KW - carbon dioxide KW - UNFCC KW - conservation KW - carbon KW - soil quality KW - economics KW - United Nations KW - carbon cycle KW - soil erosion KW - Iceland KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51675223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Carbon+sequestration+and+the+restoration+of+land+health%3B+an+example+from+Iceland&rft.au=Arnalds%2C+Andres&rft.aulast=Arnalds&rft.aufirst=Andres&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/(hc4pmh453vbxpeaygjkevi45)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100247,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. geol. sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Papers selected from soil carbon sequestration sessions, 11th and 12th International Soil Conservation Organization (ISCO) conferences, Buenos Aires, 2000 and Beijing, 2002 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCHDX N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; climate change; conservation; desertification; economics; erosion; Europe; Framework Convention on Climatic Change; geochemical cycle; Iceland; Kyoto Protocol; reclamation; revegetation; sequestration; sinks; soil erosion; soil quality; soils; UNFCC; United Nations; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An international collaborative effort to establish a soil geochemical data base for North America AN - 50606557; 2008-113719 JF - International Geological Congress, Abstracts = Congres Geologique International, Resumes AU - Smith, David B AU - Goldhaber, Martin B AU - Garrett, Robert G AU - Wilson, Michael A AU - Burt, Rebecca AU - Gomez de la Rosa, Enrique AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 617 PB - [International Geological Congress], [location varies] VL - 32, Part 1 KW - United States KW - soils KW - mineral exploration KW - survey organizations KW - government agencies KW - data processing KW - international cooperation KW - mapping KW - information management KW - mineral resources KW - data management KW - Mexico KW - Canada KW - sampling KW - metals KW - geochemical methods KW - data bases KW - trace elements KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - land use KW - baseline studies KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 26A:Economic geology, general, deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50606557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts+%3D+Congres+Geologique+International%2C+Resumes&rft.atitle=An+international+collaborative+effort+to+establish+a+soil+geochemical+data+base+for+North+America&rft.au=Smith%2C+David+B%3BGoldhaber%2C+Martin+B%3BGarrett%2C+Robert+G%3BWilson%2C+Michael+A%3BBurt%2C+Rebecca%3BGomez+de+la+Rosa%2C+Enrique%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=32%2C+Part+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts+%3D+Congres+Geologique+International%2C+Resumes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Italia 2004; 32nd international geological congress N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - IGABBY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - baseline studies; Canada; chemical composition; data bases; data management; data processing; geochemical methods; geochemistry; government agencies; information management; international cooperation; land use; mapping; metals; Mexico; mineral exploration; mineral resources; sampling; soils; survey organizations; trace elements; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - POPULATION GENETICS OF FERAL HORSES: IMPLICATIONS OF BEHAVIORAL ISOLATION AN - 20034153; 8697127 AB - Feral horses (Equus caballus) in the Garfield Flat Herd Management Area in western Nevada exist as 2 subpopulations most of the year and as a single population once sufficient snow has accumulated to free them from dependence on their respective water sources. Populations were examined for genetic structure using 12 equine microsatellite markers. Microsatellite data also were generated from a distant population in the Granite Range Herd Management Area, in northwestern Nevada. Analyses of microsatellite allele frequencies supported the genetic individuality of the 3 groups. The Garfield Hills groups were marginally differentiated by virtue of low FST and low success in population assignment. Recent population bottlenecks and behavioral isolation are the likely mechanisms for the genetic differences between the 2 Garfield groups. Both Garfield groups were strongly differentiated from the Granite Range horses. Allele frequencies of both Garfield Flat subpopulations were within Hardy-Weinberg expectations, whereas the Granite Range frequencies were not, suggesting population structure beyond that previously identified. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Ashley, Michael C AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 920 Valley Road, Reno, NV 89512, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 611 EP - 617 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Equus caballus KW - feral horse KW - population genetics KW - allopatry KW - behavior KW - microsatellites KW - Population genetics KW - Data processing KW - Snow KW - Subpopulations KW - Population bottleneck KW - Genetic markers KW - Microsatellites KW - Gene frequency KW - Population structure KW - Genetic structure KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07870:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20034153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Society+for+the+Study+of+Social+Problems&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Concentrations+and+Labor+Market+Opportunities&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Franklin+D&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Franklin&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Society+for+the+Study+of+Social+Problems&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population genetics; Data processing; Snow; Population bottleneck; Subpopulations; Genetic markers; Microsatellites; Population structure; Gene frequency; Genetic structure; Equus caballus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/BRB-123 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphate Equilibrium Between Stream Sediments and Water: Potential Effect of Chemical Amendments AN - 19943565; 6408372 AB - Sediments often play an important role in the temporary storage and release of phosphorus (P) in streams, especially streams receiving municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. The objective of this study was to evaluate sediment-aqueous phase P equilibrium in four Ozark streams, and to determine the effect of alum (Al sub(2)(SO sub(4)) sub(3)) and calcium carbonate (CaCO sub(3)) on stream sediment-P interactions and content of exchangeable P. Stream physicochemical properties were significantly affected by the effluent discharge from the WWTPs; of particular interest to this study was that the increase in P concentrations varied greatly among streams. Phosphorus inputs from WWTP significantly increased sediment equilibrium P concentrations (sediment-EPC sub(0)) and readily exchangeable sediment-bound P, while decreasing the P buffering capacity of stream sediments. Sediment-EPC sub(0) values were as great as 7 mg L super(-1) downstream from one WWTP, suggesting that sediments are a transient storage pool of P and may release P back into the stream system when P inputs from the WWTP are reduced. The addition of alum and CaCO sub(3) significantly reduced the sediment-EPC sub(0) and readily exchangeable P, while increasing the ability of sediments to buffer increasing P loads. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Haggard, B E AU - Ekka, SA AU - Matlock, MD AU - Chaubey, I AD - USDA-ARS Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA, haggard@uark.edu Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1113 EP - 1118 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - buffers KW - Phosphorus KW - Freshwater KW - water potential KW - Streams KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Sewage disposal KW - Stream Pollution KW - Municipal wastes KW - calcium carbonates KW - Sediment pollution KW - Sediment chemistry KW - Wastewater Facilities KW - Physicochemical properties KW - River discharge KW - Effluents KW - Sediments KW - Storage KW - Phosphates KW - Equilibrium KW - Calcium carbonates KW - downstream KW - Stream Discharge KW - Wastewater Treatment KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19943565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Phosphate+Equilibrium+Between+Stream+Sediments+and+Water%3A+Potential+Effect+of+Chemical+Amendments&rft.au=Haggard%2C+B+E%3BEkka%2C+SA%3BMatlock%2C+MD%3BChaubey%2C+I&rft.aulast=Haggard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sewage disposal; Sediment chemistry; Sediment pollution; Phosphates; Calcium carbonates; Physicochemical properties; River discharge; Effluents; Wastewater treatment; buffers; Phosphorus; water potential; Streams; Sediments; Storage; downstream; Municipal wastes; calcium carbonates; Wastewater Facilities; Equilibrium; Stream Pollution; Stream Discharge; Wastewater Treatment; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fighting Fire with Education: What Is the Best Way to Reach Out to Homeowners? AN - 19936212; 6088601 AB - Better understanding is needed of what makes educational efforts most effective in increasing public support for wildfire management and mitigation efforts. Results of a mail survey of homeowners in Incline Village, Nevada, indicate that personalized contact is key in the educational process and that which type of contact-government or personal - is more influential depends on the type of practice involved. Notably, prescribed burning appears to have more in common with defensible space than with thinning in terms of how homeowners respond to educational efforts. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - McCaffrey, S M AD - North Central Station, USDA Forest Service, 1033 University Place, Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201, USA, smccaffrey@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 12 EP - 19 VL - 102 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Fires KW - Wildfire KW - Community involvement KW - Environmental education KW - Burning KW - M1 325:Human Habitat & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19936212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Fighting+Fire+with+Education%3A+What+Is+the+Best+Way+to+Reach+Out+to+Homeowners%3F&rft.au=McCaffrey%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=McCaffrey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Wildfire; Community involvement; Environmental education; Burning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of viable Escherichia coli O157 in surface waters using enrichment in conjunction with immunological detection AN - 19936018; 5961035 AB - The use of a minimal lactose enrichment broth (MLB) in conjunction with immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescence detection (IM-ECL) was evaluated for the estimation of viable Escherichia coli O157 populations in surface water samples. In principle, E. coli O157 populations (Cinitial E. coli O157) can be derived from enrichment data according to the equation: Cinitial E. coli O157=Cinitial coliforms(Cfinal E. coli O157 /Cfinal coliforms), assuming that the growth rates and lag times of water-borne E. coli O157 and collective coliforms are sufficiently comparable, or at least consistent. We have previously described a protocol for determining Cfinal E. coli O157 in MLB-enriched water samples. In the present study, 80% of coliforms (red/pink colonies on MacConkey Agar) grew in MLB, indicating that this provides reasonably accurate estimates of Cinitial coliforms. Estimates of Cfinal coliforms were determined from turbidity data. Initial E. coli O157 populations (Cinitial E. coli O157) were calculated for 33 Baltimore watershed samples giving a positive IM-ECL response. The majority of samples contained E. coli O157 concentrations of 1 cell per 100 ml. These data indicate that E. coli O157 are present in surface water samples but at very low levels. Growth rates for MLB-enriched coliforms were highly variable (k=0.47 plus or minus 0.13 h super(-1), n=72). There was no correlation between growth rates and any measured water parameter, suggesting that coliform populations in water samples are spatially and temporally unique. Although variability in growth rates was expected to yield some low values, the fact that most E. coli O157 concentrations were 1 suggests that other factor(s) were also responsible. Studies with E. coli O157:H7 and wild-type E. coli suggest that increased lag times due to starvation were at least partially responsible for the observed data. Based on estimates of Cinitial coliforms and kcoliforms, MLB was evaluated for sensitivity and quantitativeness. Simulated populations of E. coli O157:H7 at stationary phase varied from ca. 10 super(3) to 10 super(8) cells ml super(-1) enrichment culture. Although not suitable for quantitation, MLB enrichment in conjunction with IM-ECL can detect as few as one viable water-borne E. coli O157 cell per 100 ml surface water. Experiments are in progress to evaluate alternative media for sensitivity and quantitative detection of enterohemorrhagic E. coli. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Shelton AU - Higgins, JA AU - Van Kessel, JAS AU - Pachepsky, YA AU - Belt, K AU - Karns, J S AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, Building 173, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, sheltond@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 223 EP - 231 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - electrochemiluminescence KW - Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Water Pollution KW - Agar KW - Water sampling KW - Water Analysis KW - Surface water KW - Water Sampling KW - Cell culture KW - USA, Maryland, Baltimore KW - Surface Water KW - Freshwater KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Microbiological Studies KW - stationary phase KW - Colonies KW - Escherichia coli KW - Enrichment KW - Quantitation KW - Media (culture) KW - Starvation KW - Growth rate KW - Bacteria KW - Sensitivity KW - Coliforms KW - Lactose KW - Pollution detection KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Water Quality KW - Growth Rates KW - Water pollution KW - Escherichia Coli KW - Turbidity KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19936018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+viable+Escherichia+coli+O157+in+surface+waters+using+enrichment+in+conjunction+with+immunological+detection&rft.au=Shelton%3BHiggins%2C+JA%3BVan+Kessel%2C+JAS%3BPachepsky%2C+YA%3BBelt%2C+K%3BKarns%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mimet.2004.03.017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Agar; Mathematical models; Surface water; Watersheds; Water quality; Water pollution; Turbidity; Starvation; Sensitivity; Lactose; Coliforms; Data processing; Cell culture; stationary phase; Colonies; Enrichment; Quantitation; Media (culture); Pollution detection; Water sampling; Escherichia Coli; Bacteria; Water Pollution; Water Analysis; Water Sampling; Water Quality; Surface Water; Growth Rates; Microbiological Studies; Escherichia coli; USA, Maryland, Baltimore; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2004.03.017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public policies for managing urban growth and protecting open space: policy instruments and lessons learned in the United States AN - 19926961; 5892211 AB - The public sector in the United States has responded to growing concern about the social and environmental costs of sprawling development patterns by creating a wide range of policy instruments designed to manage urban growth and protect open space. These techniques have been implemented at the local, regional, state and, to a limited extent, national levels. This paper provides a systematic review of the extensive literature that describes these public policies and their implementation. The main public policy instruments for managing urban growth and protecting open space at various governmental levels are identified and briefly described, including public acquisition of land, regulatory approaches, and incentive-based approaches. Key lessons are gleaned from the literature on the implementation of growth management policies. Our assessment of lessons found: (1) a lack of empirical evaluations of growth management policies, (2) administrative efficiency and other details of policy implementation--rather than the general type of policy--are critical in determining their effectiveness, (3) the use of multiple policy instruments that reinforce and complement each other is needed to increase effectiveness and avoid unintended consequences, (4) vertical and horizontal coordination are critical for successful growth management but are often inadequate or lacking, and (5) meaningful stakeholder participation throughout the planning process and implementation is a cornerstone of effective growth management. Faced with a growing population and increasingly land consumptive development patterns, more effective policies and programs will be required to stem the tide of urban sprawl in the United States. We conclude with a discussion of potential federal roles in managing development and coordinating state, regional, and local growth management efforts. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Bengston, D N AU - Fletcher, JO AU - Nelson, K C AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, dbengston@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 271 EP - 286 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 69 IS - 2-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Human Population; Ecology Abstracts KW - Policy instruments KW - Growth management KW - Open space KW - Regulation KW - Incentives KW - USA KW - Growth KW - Policies KW - Urbanization KW - Population growth KW - Legal aspects KW - Regional planning KW - Environmental policy KW - Environment management KW - National planning KW - Legislation KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - M1 325:Human Habitat & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09167:Tides, surges and sea level UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19926961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Public+policies+for+managing+urban+growth+and+protecting+open+space%3A+policy+instruments+and+lessons+learned+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Bengston%2C+D+N%3BFletcher%2C+JO%3BNelson%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Bengston&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.landurbplan.2003.08.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Policies; Growth; Legal aspects; Regional planning; Legislation; National planning; Urbanization; Population growth; Environment management; Environmental policy; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Movement of people across the landscape: a blurring of distinctions between areas, interests, and issues affecting natural resource management AN - 19926330; 5892207 AB - The spread of development from cities into surrounding forests and farms continues to receive a great deal of attention from the media and resource managers in the US and other countries. However, suburban sprawl is just one of many inter-linked components of the movement of people across the landscape that influence resource management. Substantial changes are taking place in urban areas, fringe areas, and rural recreation/amenity areas. In this paper, we describe these changes, explore their commonalities and interconnectedness, and discuss the implications that they may have for natural resource management. What emerges is a blurring of the distinctions between what have traditionally been considered 'urban' or 'rural' problems with respect to natural resource issues, interest group concerns, and resource management strategies. Our findings suggest prospects for substantial changes in resource management and the public and private programs designed to support it. Among the emphasis areas for natural resource management that emerge with the changing distribution of people over the landscape are changes in management situations, management processes, and research needs. The changing management situations include increased emphasis on interface and intermix areas, restoring human-impacted natural areas, and addressing complex ecosystem problems. Changing management processes include adaptive forest management, working collaboratively with diverse landowners and other partners, interacting with citizens on a regular basis, and taking a landscape perspective on natural resources and their management. Questions for policy and program development and for research focus on a better understanding of linkages among management activities across the urban to rural landscape. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Dwyer, J F AU - Childs, G M AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1033 University Place, Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201, USA, jdwyer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 153 EP - 164 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 69 IS - 2-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - urban to rural migration KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Human Population KW - Urban sprawl KW - Natural resources management KW - Landscape change KW - Forest management KW - USA KW - Resource management KW - Urbanization KW - Environmental policy KW - D 04890:Planning/development KW - M1 325:Human Habitat & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19926330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Movement+of+people+across+the+landscape%3A+a+blurring+of+distinctions+between+areas%2C+interests%2C+and+issues+affecting+natural+resource+management&rft.au=Dwyer%2C+J+F%3BChilds%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Zeitschrift+fur+Soziologie&rft.issn=03401804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Resource management; Urbanization; Environmental policy; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.09.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Private forestland parcelization and development in Wisconsin's Northwoods: perceptions of resource-oriented stakeholders AN - 19925649; 5892210 AB - Increases in the parcelization and development of private forestlands in the US and other countries have become a major concern of natural resource agencies and groups. This concern is particularly heightened in heavily forested areas such as Wisconsin's 'Northwoods, ' where private lands make up a majority of the forest area and play a critical role in supplying economic, ecological, and quality of life values. As a part of the Forest Fragmentation Education Initiative, we assisted the non-governmental group 1000 Friends of Wisconsin in identifying the range of perceptions and concerns about parcelization and development held by public land managers, conservation and environmental organizations, forest industry groups, non-industrial woodland owners, and other resource-oriented stakeholders (N=182). Employing a qualitative methodology involving facilitated workshop discussion and thematic analysis, we identified critical themes in four main areas: (1) Patterns--parcelization and development are exhibiting a range of patterns on the forest landscape in terms of movement, distribution, size, and rate of change. (2) Drivers--the attractiveness of the Northwoods and people's concept of the good life, combined with changes in the economic, demographic, and technological aspects of society, are seen as causal agents behind increased parcelization and development. (3) Effects--while some aspects of parcelization and development might benefit residents and nature in the Northwoods, most effects are seen as negatively impacting recreation opportunities, forest health, local communities, the timber-based economies. (4) Solutions--an integrated strategy is needed to guide future growth and ameliorate the negative impacts of parcelization and development, including planning and regulation, taxes and incentives, acquisition and funding, and education and ethics. Implications for planning, research, and program development are noted. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Gobster, PH AU - Rickenbach, M G AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station-Chicago, 1033 University Pl. Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201, USA, pgobster@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 165 EP - 182 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 69 IS - 2-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Human Population KW - Parcelization KW - Development KW - Private forest landowners KW - Land protection KW - Recreation KW - Environmental ethics KW - Forests KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Economic importance KW - Environmental perception KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Resource utilization KW - Quality of life KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04692:Environmental perception KW - M1 340:Environmental Advocacy, Education and Awareness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19925649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Private+forestland+parcelization+and+development+in+Wisconsin%27s+Northwoods%3A+perceptions+of+resource-oriented+stakeholders&rft.au=Gobster%2C+PH%3BRickenbach%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Gobster&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.landurbplan.2003.09.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Recreation; Environmental ethics; Forests; Development; Economic importance; Resource utilization; Habitat fragmentation; Environmental perception; Quality of life; USA, Wisconsin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.09.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prerelease Assessment of Impact on Biomass Production of an Invasive Weed, Lygodium Microphyllum (Lygodiaceae: Pteridophyta), by a Potential Biological Control Agent, Floracarus Perrepae (Acariformes: Eriophyidae) AN - 19579229; 6053091 AB - A prerelease assessment of impact by a potential biological control agent, Floracarus perrepae Knihinicki and Boczek, on the invasive weed, Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br., was conducted in a 2-yr field study in their native range-Australia. Thirty-two pairs of test plants were planted in a field plot with two levels of shade, with one plant in each pair treated biweekly with the miticide abamectin. The mite caused a significant reduction in biomass of above ground stems and leaves and below ground roots and rhizomes. The mean leaf longevity was significantly longer for the treated versus the mite infested untreated plants. Populations of native predator mites were low throughout the study; however, the mite pathogen Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher was common in the second year of the study, but neither reduced the impact of F. perrepae. Based on its potential to cause significant damage to L. microphyllum under field conditions in the native range and extremely narrow field host range, F. perrepae is an excellent candidate for biological control of this invasive fern in Florida. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Goolsby, JA AU - Zonneveld, R AU - Bourne, A AD - USDA-ARS, Australian Biological Control Laboratory, CSIRO Long Pocket Laboratories, 120 Meiers Rd., Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia, goolsby@csiro.au Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 997 EP - 1002 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Acariformes KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Weeds KW - Invasiveness KW - Host range KW - USA, Florida KW - Floracarus perrepae KW - Roots KW - Predators KW - Pteridophyta KW - Agents KW - Fishery management KW - Eriophyidae KW - Australia KW - Lygodium microphyllum KW - abamectin KW - Host specificity KW - Lygodiaceae KW - Shade KW - Rhizomes KW - Leaves KW - Aquatic plants KW - Pathogens KW - Stems KW - Biomass KW - Longevity KW - Hirsutella KW - Introduced species KW - A 01370:Biological Control KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19579229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Prerelease+Assessment+of+Impact+on+Biomass+Production+of+an+Invasive+Weed%2C+Lygodium+Microphyllum+%28Lygodiaceae%3A+Pteridophyta%29%2C+by+a+Potential+Biological+Control+Agent%2C+Floracarus+Perrepae+%28Acariformes%3A+Eriophyidae%29&rft.au=Goolsby%2C+JA%3BZonneveld%2C+R%3BBourne%2C+A&rft.aulast=Goolsby&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=997&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agents; Biological control; Weeds; Fishery management; Rhizomes; Aquatic plants; Pathogens; Introduced species; Longevity; abamectin; Host specificity; Invasiveness; Host range; Shade; Leaves; Roots; Predators; Biomass; Stems; Lygodiaceae; Floracarus perrepae; Eriophyidae; Lygodium microphyllum; Hirsutella; Pteridophyta; USA, Florida; Australia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0997:PAOIOB>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of iron bioavailability from twenty elite late-maturing tropical maize varieties using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model AN - 19381536; 8797930 AB - An in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model was used to assess iron bioavailability of twenty elite late-maturing tropical maize varieties grown in three diverse agroecologies in West and Central Africa (WCA). Kernel-iron concentration of the varieties, averaged across locations, varied from 19.2 to 24.4 mg kg-1, while mean kernel-zinc concentration ranged between 19.4 and 24.6 mg kg-1. Significant differences in iron bioavailability were observed among varieties, but the environment had no significant effect. Mean bioavailable iron ranged between 14% below and 43% above the reference control variety, TZB-SR. Variety DMR-LSR-Y with the highest concentrations of kernel-iron and -zinc of 24-25 mg kg-1 across the three locations had a similar quantity of bioavailable iron as the reference control, TZB-SR. In the long run this variety could be potentially effective in reducing iron deficiency because of its high kernel-iron. The most promising varieties were Mid-altitude STR synthetic and ACR91SUWAN-1-SRC1. They had kernel-iron and -zinc levels of 22-24 mg kg-1 and bioavailable iron 24-36% higher than the reference control, TZB-SR. Additional research is necessary to determine if the increases in kernel-iron concentration and bioavailable iron observed in this study can significantly improve the iron status of individuals in WCA at risk for iron deficiency. JF - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture AU - Oikeh, Sylvester O AU - Menkir, Abebe AU - Maziya-Dixon, Bussie AU - Welch, Ross M AU - Glahn, Raymond P AD - US Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, s.oikeh@cgiar.org Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1202 EP - 1206 PB - John Wiley & Sons, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 84 IS - 10 SN - 0022-5142, 0022-5142 KW - Pollution Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19381536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+iron+bioavailability+from+twenty+elite+late-maturing+tropical+maize+varieties+using+an+in+vitro+digestion%2FCaco-2+cell+model&rft.au=Oikeh%2C+Sylvester+O%3BMenkir%2C+Abebe%3BMaziya-Dixon%2C+Bussie%3BWelch%2C+Ross+M%3BGlahn%2C+Raymond+P&rft.aulast=Oikeh&rft.aufirst=Sylvester&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.issn=00225142&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjsfa.1805 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1805 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prosystemin-antimicrobial-peptide fusion reduces tomato late blight lesion expansion AN - 18064261; 6039377 AB - Antimicrobial peptides offer a new method for controlling pathogens, however, many promising peptides are too small for direct production in plants. A protein delivery system was developed based on a proteolytic mechanism used by Solanaceous plants to produce the very small (18 amino acid) signaling peptide systemin from the polypeptide prosystemin. Fusion of the gene encoding the 23 kDa protein prosystemin with the antimicrobial peptide (pep11) sequence, replacing the systemin sequence, allowed for expression in transgenic tomato plants. Six days after inoculation with the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, detached leaflets of transgenic tomato (Rutgers) exhibited a reduction in lesion size of at least 50 percent. JF - Molecular Breeding AU - Jones, R W AU - Ospina-Giraldo, M AU - Clemente, T AD - USDA, ARS, PSI, Vegetable Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, Maryland 20705,USA, jonesr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 83 EP - 89 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1380-3743, 1380-3743 KW - systemin KW - tomato KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Plant diseases KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - Disease resistance KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Blight KW - A 01030:General KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18064261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Breeding&rft.atitle=Prosystemin-antimicrobial-peptide+fusion+reduces+tomato+late+blight+lesion+expansion&rft.au=Jones%2C+R+W%3BOspina-Giraldo%2C+M%3BClemente%2C+T&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Breeding&rft.issn=13803743&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AMOLB.0000038001.22029.07 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lycopersicon esculentum; Phytophthora infestans; Blight; Plant diseases; Antimicrobial agents; Disease resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MOLB.0000038001.22029.07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population dynamics of Aspergillus flavus in the air of an intensively cultivated region of south-west Arizona AN - 18061195; 6011229 AB - Airborne propagules of Aspergillus flavus were quantified to investigate population dynamics of A. flavus in a region of south-west Arizona prone to epidemics of aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. Air was sampled continuously from May 1997 to March 1999 at two sites using Burkard cyclone samplers. One sampler was initially at the centre of 65 ha of cotton treated with an atoxigenic strain of A. flavus to manage aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. The second sampler was 0.6 km from the treated field. Total fungal colony-forming units (CFU) sampled ranged from 17 to 667 and from 9 to 1277 m super(-3) at the untreated and treated sites, respectively. Counts of A. flavus ranged from 0 to 406 m super(-3) and from 0 to 416 per m super(-3) at the untreated and treated sites, respectively. Aspergillus flavus comprised 1-46 and 1-51% of the total cultured fungi at the treated and untreated sites, respectively. Peaks in total fungal and A. flavus CFU coincided with boll maturation and cotton harvest (days 251-321). Autoregression analysis suggested that there was no difference in total fungal CFU between treated and untreated sites, but the analysis showed that the quantity of A. flavus decreased at the treated site. This is probably caused by changes in cropping making the conditions less conducive to growth and reproduction of A. flavus in the surrounding fields. The incidence of the S strain of A. flavus was highest between May and August. The L strain accounted for up to 100% of the A. flavus sampled in the other months, and autoregression analysis showed that the L strain accounted for a greater overall proportion of the A. flavus population at the treated site compared with the untreated site. Autoregression analysis also showed the vegetative compatibility group of the applied strain was a greater proportion of L-strain A. flavus at the treated site (5-75%) than at the untreated site (0-65%), although this decreased with time. The quantity of A. flavus sampled at both treated and untreated sites was correlated with air and soil temperature. Large quantities of A. flavus occurred in the soil (up to 34 474 CFU g super(-1)) of cotton fields and on cotton plant parts and debris (up to 272 461 CFU g super(-1)) adjacent to the cyclone samplers. Aspergillus flavus is a major constituent of the airborne mycoflora associated with cotton fields in south-west Arizona when temperature is conducive to fungal growth. Although application of atoxigenic A. flavus altered the proportion of A. flavus strains and vegetative compatibility groups in the aerial mycoflora, the total quantity of A. flavus remained similar to that in untreated fields. Dispersal of A. flavus between fields suggests that atoxigenic fungi will be most effective in area-wide management programmes. JF - Plant Pathology AU - Bock, CH AU - Mackey, B AU - Cotty, P J AD - USDA, ARS, SRRC, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 422 EP - 433 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 0032-0862, 0032-0862 KW - cotton KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Propagules KW - Contamination KW - Soil temperature KW - Population dynamics KW - Airborne KW - Soil KW - Temperature effects KW - Epidemics KW - Aflatoxins KW - Colony-forming cells KW - USA, Arizona KW - Reproduction KW - Dispersal KW - Mycoflora KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01103:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18061195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Population+dynamics+of+Aspergillus+flavus+in+the+air+of+an+intensively+cultivated+region+of+south-west+Arizona&rft.au=Bock%2C+CH%3BMackey%2C+B%3BCotty%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Bock&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=422&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=00320862&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.0032-0862.2004.01015.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus flavus; USA, Arizona; Colony-forming cells; Aflatoxins; Mycoflora; Airborne; Contamination; Population dynamics; Propagules; Soil temperature; Temperature effects; Epidemics; Reproduction; Dispersal; Soil DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0032-0862.2004.01015.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature and pomaceous flower age related to colonization by Erwinia amylovora and antagonists AN - 18059934; 6007869 AB - Fire blight of apple and pear is initiated by epiphytic populations of Erwinia amylovora on flower stigmas. Predicting this disease and managing it with microbial antagonists depends on an understanding of bacterial colonization on stigmas. Detached 'Manchurian' crab apple flowers were inoculated with E. amylovora and subjected to a range of constant temperatures or various fluctuating temperature regimes. Results may have application to disease risk assessment systems such as the Cougarblight model, which now are based on in vitro growth of the pathogen. In other experiments, detached crab apple flowers and attached 'Gala' apple flowers were maintained at different temperatures for various periods before inoculation with E. amylovora or antagonists (Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 and Pantoea agglomerans strains C9-1 and E325). Maximum stigma age supporting bacterial multiplication decreased as temperature increased, and was reduced by pollination. Stigmas were receptive to bacteria at ages older than previously reported, probably due to less interference from indigenous organisms. The study revealed antagonist limitations that possibly affect field performance (e.g., the inability of strain A506 to grow on relatively old stigmas conducive to the pathogen). Such deficiencies could be overcome by selecting other antagonists or using antagonist mixtures in the orchard. JF - Phytopathology AU - Pusey, P L AU - Curry, E A AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, pusey@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 901 EP - 911 VL - 94 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Biological control KW - Age KW - Plant diseases KW - Pantoea agglomerans KW - Fireblight KW - Antagonists KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Erwinia amylovora KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18059934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Temperature+and+pomaceous+flower+age+related+to+colonization+by+Erwinia+amylovora+and+antagonists&rft.au=Pusey%2C+P+L%3BCurry%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Pusey&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erwinia amylovora; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pantoea agglomerans; Plant diseases; Fireblight; Biological control; Antagonists; Age; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host plant influence on the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies: variable effects within and between individual plants AN - 18050683; 6045593 AB - Observations of field-caged guava trees, Psidium guajava, revealed that males of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, occasionally formed tight aggregations on the trunk and branches of certain trees. Males at these aggregation sites (stations) appeared to feed on the bark, and chemical analyses showed that stations contained high levels of the male attractant alpha -copaene whereas nonstations' on the same tree lacked this chemical. Previous work showed that male medflies exposed to pure alpha -copaene had a mating advantage over unexposed males. Here, we present data showing that the occurrence of stations is highly variable both within and between individual guava trees. Concurrent mating trials showed that male medflies exposed to entire guava trees containing stations or to individual stations for 3h gained a mating advantage over unexposed males in tests conducted 1 or 3 days following exposure. In contrast, males exposed to entire trees lacking stations or only to nonstations on trees with stations had similar mating success as unexposed males. Additional experiments showed that exposure to guava leaves had no effect on male mating frequency but that exposure to fruits enhanced male mating success. The discussion considers potential mechanisms underlying the plant-induced increase in mating success and potential effects of alpha -copaene and other plant-borne compounds on the spacing of medfly leks in the environment. JF - Animal Behaviour AU - Shelly, TE AU - Villalobos, E M AD - USDA-APHIS, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 417 EP - 426 PB - The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour VL - 68 IS - 2 SN - 0003-3472, 0003-3472 KW - Diptera KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - Fruit flies KW - Guava KW - Myrtles KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Fruits KW - Myrtaceae KW - Mating behavior KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Psidium guajava KW - Host plants KW - Tephritidae KW - Aggregation behavior KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18050683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Host+plant+influence+on+the+mating+success+of+male+Mediterranean+fruit+flies%3A+variable+effects+within+and+between+individual+plants&rft.au=Shelly%2C+TE%3BVillalobos%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Shelly&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Behaviour&rft.issn=00033472&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.anbehav.2003.08.029 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; Psidium guajava; Myrtaceae; Host plants; Mating behavior; Aggregation behavior; Fruits DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.08.029 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of sophorolipids by Candida bombicola grown on soy molasses as substrate AN - 18049969; 6038857 AB - Sophorolipids (SLs) were produced from Candida bombicola using soy molasses and oleic acid as co-substrates. The purified SLs were obtained at 21 g l super(-1) and were 97% in lactone form. The major SL constituent (81% relative abundance) of the product mixture contains an oleoyl chain. The surface properties of the SLs obtained from the soy molasses/oleic acid fermentation had minimum surface-tension values of 37 mN m super(-1) (pH 6) and 38 mN m super(-1) (pH 9), and critical micelle concentration values of 6 mg l super(-1) (pH 6) and 13 mg l super(-1) (pH 9). JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Solaiman, D K AU - Ashby, R D AU - Nunez, A AU - Foglia, T A AD - Fats, Oils and Animal Coproducts Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1241 EP - 1245 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 26 IS - 15 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - sophorolipids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Candida bombicola KW - Fermentation KW - Lipids KW - Molasses KW - Oleic acid KW - pH effects KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32355:Lipids and sterols KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - K 03035:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18049969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Production+of+sophorolipids+by+Candida+bombicola+grown+on+soy+molasses+as+substrate&rft.au=Solaiman%2C+D+K%3BAshby%2C+R+D%3BNunez%2C+A%3BFoglia%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Solaiman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ABILE.0000036605.80577.30 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; Lipids; Molasses; pH effects; Oleic acid; Candida bombicola DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:BILE.0000036605.80577.30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and mapping of quantitative trait loci conditioning resistance to southern leaf blight of maize caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O AN - 18037227; 6007702 AB - A random set of recombinant inbred (RI) lines (F2:7) derived from the cross of the inbred lines Mol7 (resistant) and B73 (susceptible) were evaluated for resistance to southern leaf blight (SLB) caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O. The RI lines were genotyped at a total of 234 simple sequence repeat, restriction fragment length polymorphism, or isozyme loci. Field plots of the RI lines were inoculated artificially with an aggressive isolate of C. heterostrophus race O in each of two growing seasons in North Carolina. Lines were rated for percent SLB severity two (1996) or three (1995) times during the grain-filling period. Data also were converted to area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and analyzed using the composite interval mapping option of the PLABQTL program. When means of disease ratings over years were fitted to models, a total of 11 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found to condition resistance to SLB, depending upon which disease ratings were used in the analyses. When the AUDPC data were combined and analyzed over environments, seven QTLs, on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10 were found to come from the resistant parent Mol7. An additional QTL for resistance on chromosome 1 came from the susceptible parent B73. The eight identified QTLs accounted for 46% of the phenotypic variation for resistance. QTL times environment interactions often were highly significant but, with one exception, were the result of differences in the magnitude of QTL effects between years and not due to changes in direction of effects. QTLs on the long arm of chromosome 1 and chromosomes 2 and 3 had the largest effects, were the most consistently detected, and accounted for most of the phenotypic variance. No significant additive times additive epistatic effects were detected. These data support earlier reports of the polygenic inheritance of resistance to SLB of maize. JF - Phytopathology AU - Carson, M L AU - Stuber, C W AU - Senior, M L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108, mcarson@umn.edu Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 862 EP - 867 VL - 94 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Quantitative trait loci KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Simple sequence repeats KW - Chromosome 1 KW - chromosome 2 KW - Cochliobolus heterostrophus KW - Southern leaf blight KW - Polygenic inheritance KW - Gene mapping KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18037227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+mapping+of+quantitative+trait+loci+conditioning+resistance+to+southern+leaf+blight+of+maize+caused+by+Cochliobolus+heterostrophus+race+O&rft.au=Carson%2C+M+L%3BStuber%2C+C+W%3BSenior%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=862&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cochliobolus heterostrophus; Quantitative trait loci; Chromosome 1; Southern leaf blight; Gene mapping; Simple sequence repeats; Polygenic inheritance; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; chromosome 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First Report of Strawberry latent ringspot virus in a Mentha sp. from North America AN - 18034544; 5990147 AB - Yellow veinbanding symptoms have been observed in several mint clones at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) mint collection in Corvallis, Oregon. The most dramatic symptoms are in a "variegated" clone of Mentha x gracilis Sole (NCGR Accession No. MEN-454), which is marketed widely in the nursery industry under cultivar names such as Golden Ginger Mint and Green and Gold. Tucker and Fairbrothers proposed the name Mentha gentilis (= M. x gracilis) L. `Variegata' for forms of this species with a graft transmissible variegation. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was extracted from three mint clones with veinbanding symptoms of varying intensity. The dsRNA from MEN-454 was cloned, and sequences from several clones corresponded to RNA 2 of Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), a tentative member of the family Sequiviridae. Sequences of additional cDNA clones suggested that two previously unknown viruses and the satellite RNA of SLRSV were also present in MEN-454. On the basis of the sequences of the SLRSV clones, primers F (5' CCTCTCCAACCTGCTAGACT 3') and R (5' AAGCGCATGAAGGTGTAACT 3') were developed and used in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify a 497-bp fragment of RNA 2 of SLRSV from MEN-454. No amplicons in RT-PCR tests or dsRNA was obtained from a clone of MEN-454 that was freed of the yellow vein symptom by heat therapy and apical meristem culture. The consensus sequence of cloned dsRNA and sequenced PCR products for SLRSV from MEN-454 has been deposited in GenBank (Accession No. AY 438666). Chenopodium quinoa, inoculated mechanically with leaf extracts from MEN-454, developed chlorosis and apical necrosis that were similar to symptoms reported for SLRSV infection. The presence of SLRSV in C. quinoa was confirmed using RT-PCR. Variegated M. x gracilis clones were obtained from wholesale and mail-order nurseries in Maryland, Ohio, and Nebraska. Samples were assayed using RT-PCR utilizing the F and R primers for presence of SLRSV. All samples tested positive for the virus using RT-PCR. Because of the presence of additional viruses, we cannot attribute yellow vein symptoms solely to SLRSV, however the presence of this virus in clones of M. x gracilis `Variegata' from different regions throughout the United States demonstrates that SLRSV is distributed widely in the United States. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SLRSV in mint in North America. JF - Plant Disease AU - Postman, J D AU - Tzanetakis, I E AU - Martin, R R AD - USDA-ARS, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 907 VL - 88 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Chlorosis KW - Meristems KW - Double-stranded RNA KW - Necrosis KW - Veins KW - Germplasm KW - Yellows KW - Chenopodium quinoa KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Strawberry latent ringspot virus KW - North America KW - Plant diseases KW - Transcription KW - cDNA KW - Satellite RNA KW - Mentha gentilis KW - Sequiviridae KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18034544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+Report+of+Strawberry+latent+ringspot+virus+in+a+Mentha+sp.+from+North+America&rft.au=Postman%2C+J+D%3BTzanetakis%2C+I+E%3BMartin%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Postman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Strawberry latent ringspot virus; Mentha gentilis; Sequiviridae; Chenopodium quinoa; North America; Yellows; Veins; Plant diseases; Germplasm; Satellite RNA; Double-stranded RNA; Chlorosis; cDNA; Necrosis; Meristems; Transcription; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field Isolates of Streptomyces Differ in Pathogenicity and Virulence on Radish AN - 18030768; 5990121 AB - Common scab is a significant disease of potato, and affects root and tuber crops worldwide. Streptomycetes, a diverse group of soil-inhabiting gram-positive bacteria, cause common scab. To better understand the basis for variability in disease symptoms seen in field situations, streptomycetes were isolated from scabby potato plants. Isolates differed in morphology and pigmentation. Isolates were evaluated for pathogenicity and virulence in radish. Scab lesions varied in appearance and severity. Disease symptoms also included plant stunting, wilting, necrosis, and death. Some pathogenic isolates were missing genes from the putative pathogenicity island (PAI); several lacked the nec1 gene, and one was missing the txtA gene encoding thaxtomin biosynthesis, the most reliable pathogenicity determinant. Studies of disease severity over 5 logs initial inoculum density showed that there is a threshold inoculum density for disease. Disease severity increased with inoculum density over three logs, then reached a maximum, which is characteristic of individual Streptomyces strains. Lesion severity was not correlated with presence of melanin, the nec1 gene, or whether an isolate reduced seedling emergence or plant survival. Differences in disease symptoms and severity combined with absence of known pathogenicity determinants (txtA) or factors (nec1) suggest that there may be pathogenicity factors in addition to thaxtomin. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wanner, LA AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, wannerl@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 785 EP - 796 VL - 88 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - thaxtomin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pigmentation KW - Melanin KW - Plant diseases KW - Gram-positive bacteria KW - Roots KW - Pathogenesis KW - Virulence KW - Stunt KW - Necrosis KW - txtA gene KW - Pathogenicity KW - Streptomyces KW - Tubers KW - Seedlings KW - NEC1 gene KW - Wilt KW - Scab KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18030768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Field+Isolates+of+Streptomyces+Differ+in+Pathogenicity+and+Virulence+on+Radish&rft.au=Wanner%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Wanner&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=785&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptomyces; Pathogenicity; Plant diseases; Scab; Virulence; NEC1 gene; Roots; Pigmentation; Wilt; Pathogenesis; Necrosis; Melanin; Seedlings; Gram-positive bacteria; Tubers; Stunt; txtA gene ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wheat Stripe Rust Epidemic and Virulence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China in 2002 AN - 18029155; 5990138 AB - In China, wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat and can cause severe yield losses when susceptible cultivars are grown and weather conditions are favorable for the disease. Wheat stripe rust most frequently affects the winter wheat growing areas in Northwest, Southwest, and North China, and the spring wheat growing areas in Northwest China. In the 2001-2002 growing season, a widespread stripe rust epidemic affected about 6.6 million hectares of wheat in 11 provinces: Sichuan, Chongqing, eastern Gansu, southern and western Shaanxi, southern and central Ningxia, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Henan, southern and central Hebei, and Shandong. The epidemic could be attributed to relatively warm weather from November 2001 to March 2002, high frequencies of stripe rust races CYR31 and CYR32, and widely grown susceptible cultivars. Race CYR31 was virulent on the Chinese differential cultivars Trigo Eureka, Fulhard, Lutescens 128, Mentana, Virgilio, Abbondanza, Early Premium, Funo, Danish 1, Fengchan 3, Lovrin 13, Shuiyuan 11, Lovrin 10, and Hybrid 46. Race CYR32 had all the virulence factors of CYR31, plus virulences on Chinese differential cultivars Jubilejina 2 and Kangyin 655, i.e., CYR32 was virulent on all differential cultivars, except Zhong 4. When tested on the world and European differential and some other resistant genotypes, CYR32 was virulent on Chinese 166 (Yr1), Heines VII (Yr2, Yr25, and YrHVII), Vilmorin 23 (Yr3a and Yr4a), Heines Kolben (Yr6 and YrHK), Lee (Yr7, Yr22, and Yr23), Clement (Yr9, Yr25, YrCle), VPM1 (Yr17), Selkirk (Yr27), Anza (YrA), Carstens V (YrCV1, YrCV2, and YrCV3), Gaby (YrG), Strubes Dickkopf (Yr25), and Suwon 92/Omar (YrSO). Resistance genes in Triticum spelta album (Yr5), Zhong 4, and Moro (Yr10 and YrMor) were effective against all races identified. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wan, A AU - Zhao, Z AU - Chen, X AU - He, Z AU - Jin, S AU - Jia, Q AU - Yao, G AU - Yang, J AU - Wang, B AU - Li, G AU - Bi, Y AU - Yuan, Z AD - USDA-ARS, Wheat Genetics, Physiology, Quality, and Disease Research Unit, and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430, USA, xianming@mail.wsu.edu Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 896 EP - 904 VL - 88 IS - 8 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Virulence KW - Puccinia striiformis KW - Plant diseases KW - Epidemics KW - Triticum KW - Genotypes KW - China, People's Rep. KW - Stripe rust KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18029155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Wheat+Stripe+Rust+Epidemic+and+Virulence+of+Puccinia+striiformis+f.+sp.+tritici+in+China+in+2002&rft.au=Wan%2C+A%3BZhao%2C+Z%3BChen%2C+X%3BHe%2C+Z%3BJin%2C+S%3BJia%2C+Q%3BYao%2C+G%3BYang%2C+J%3BWang%2C+B%3BLi%2C+G%3BBi%2C+Y%3BYuan%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Wan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=896&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum; Puccinia striiformis; China, People's Rep.; Stripe rust; Epidemics; Plant diseases; Virulence; Genotypes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial diversity of Setosphaeria turcica sampled from the Eastern United States AN - 18027796; 6007704 AB - Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and mating type were used to examine regional population structure of Setosphaeria turcica in the eastern United States. Of 251 maize-infecting isolates studied, 155 multilocus haplotypes were identified using 21 RAPD markers. Twelve isolates of the most common haplotype were identified from seven states and represented 5.2% of the sample. Although variation in genetic diversity was greatest within states rather than between either regions or states within regions, multidimensional scaling based on average taxonomic distances among state samples showed a close association of samples from IL, OH, IN, IA, MN, MI/WI, and NC. Isolates from GA/SC, VA/TN, PA/NY, and FL were distant from this core group that included midwestern states and NC and were distinct from one another. The high genotypic diversity, near equal mating type frequencies, and gametic phase equilibrium in samples from several states are inconsistent with a strictly clonal population. The population genetic structure of S. turcica is likely the result of both asexual and sexual reproduction. It is not clear whether sexual recombination actually occurs in the eastern United States or occurs elsewhere in tropical America and recombinant genotypes migrate to North America. JF - Phytopathology AU - Ferguson, L M AU - Carson, M L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Plant Science Research, Raleigh, NC, USA, mcarson@umn.edu Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 892 EP - 900 VL - 94 IS - 8 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Genetic diversity KW - Sexual reproduction KW - Mating types KW - USA, East KW - Genotypes KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Setosphaeria turcica KW - Population genetics KW - Recombination KW - Haplotypes KW - DNA KW - Population structure KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18027796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Spatial+diversity+of+Setosphaeria+turcica+sampled+from+the+Eastern+United+States&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+L+M%3BCarson%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=892&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Setosphaeria turcica; USA, East; Mating types; Haplotypes; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Population structure; Recombination; Sexual reproduction; DNA; Genotypes; Population genetics; Genetic diversity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The social aspects of landscape change: protecting open space under the pressure of development AN - 17950457; 5892213 JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Gobster, PH AU - Stewart, SI AU - Bengston, D N AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1033 University Pl. Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201, USA, pgobster@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 149 EP - 151 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 69 IS - 2-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - open space conservation KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - Nature conservation KW - Development KW - Environmental perception KW - D 04692:Environmental perception UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17950457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=The+social+aspects+of+landscape+change%3A+protecting+open+space+under+the+pressure+of+development&rft.au=Gobster%2C+PH%3BStewart%2C+SI%3BBengston%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Gobster&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.landurbplan.2003.09.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental perception; Development; Nature conservation; Socio-economic aspects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.09.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal endophytes in woody roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) AN - 17870127; 6266437 AB - The fungal community inhabiting large woody roots of healthy conifers has not been well documented. To provide more information about such communities, a survey was conducted using increment cores from the woody roots of symptomless Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) growing in dry forests on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains in Washington state, USA. Fungal isolates were cultured on standard media, and then were identified using a combination of molecular and morphological methods. Fungal genera and species identified in this study will provide baseline data for future surveys of fungal endophytes. Examination of internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S rDNA sequences and morphology of cultured fungi identified 27 fungal genera. Two groups predominated: Byssochlamys nivea Westling (20.4% of isolations) and Umbelopsis species (10.4% of isolations). This is the first report of B. nivea within large woody roots of conifers. Both taxa have been previously identified as potential biological control agents. Although some trends were noted, this study found no significant evidence of host species or plant association effects on total recovery of fungal endophytes or recovery of specific fungal taxa. JF - Forest Pathology AU - Hoff, JA AU - Klopfenstein, N B AU - McDonald, GI AU - Tonn, J R AU - Kim, M-S AU - Zambino, P J AU - Hessburg, P F AU - Rogers, J D AU - Peever, T L AU - Carris, L M AD - USDA-FS, RMRS, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 1221 S. Main St, Moscow, ID 83843, USA, nklopfenstein@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 255 EP - 271 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd. VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 1437-4781, 1437-4781 KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Forests KW - Roots KW - Slope KW - Mountains KW - Cores KW - Endophytes KW - Byssochlamys nivea KW - Spacer KW - Dry forests KW - Host plants KW - Conifers KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01044:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17870127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Pathology&rft.atitle=Fungal+endophytes+in+woody+roots+of+Douglas-fir+%28Pseudotsuga+menziesii%29+and+ponderosa+pine+%28Pinus+ponderosa%29&rft.au=Hoff%2C+JA%3BKlopfenstein%2C+N+B%3BMcDonald%2C+GI%3BTonn%2C+J+R%3BKim%2C+M-S%3BZambino%2C+P+J%3BHessburg%2C+P+F%3BRogers%2C+J+D%3BPeever%2C+T+L%3BCarris%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Hoff&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Pathology&rft.issn=14374781&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0329.2004.00367.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Byssochlamys nivea; Roots; Endophytes; Conifers; Biological control; Host plants; Slope; Forests; Dry forests; Spacer; Mountains; Cores DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2004.00367.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activity of the Nucleopolyhedrovirus of the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Foliage of Transgenic Sweet Corn Expressing a CryIA(b) Toxin AN - 17797219; 6053089 AB - The activity of the nucleopolyhedrovirus of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (SfMNPV), on transgenic sweet corn, Zea mays (L.), expressing a CryIA(b) toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner), was studied in the laboratory. As the line of Bt corn that we studied has only limited efficacy against the fall armyworm, SfMNPV was evaluated as a supplemental treatment. When fall armyworm larvae reared on transgenic or nontransgenic foliage were fed equal dosages of occlusion bodies (OB), measured either as OB per larva or as OB/mg larval weight, mortality was higher among larvae feeding on transgenic corn. However, when larvae were allowed to feed ad libitum on treated foliage, mortality was higher in larvae on the nontransgenic corn. Rates of food consumption were higher on nontransgenic corn, apparently resulting in ingestion of more OBs and countering increased susceptibility of larvae on transgenic corn. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Farrar, R R AU - Shapiro, M AU - Shepard, B M AD - Corresponding author, e-mail, FarrarR@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 982 EP - 989 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - maize KW - Moths KW - Fall armyworm KW - Noctuid moths KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Foliage KW - Lepidoptera KW - Food consumption KW - Zea mays KW - occlusion bodies KW - Noctuidae KW - Feeding KW - Mortality KW - Sweet taste KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Toxins KW - Genetic engineering KW - A 01030:General KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17797219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Activity+of+the+Nucleopolyhedrovirus+of+the+Fall+Armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+on+Foliage+of+Transgenic+Sweet+Corn+Expressing+a+CryIA%28b%29+Toxin&rft.au=Farrar%2C+R+R%3BShapiro%2C+M%3BShepard%2C+B+M&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=982&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=982 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Lepidoptera; Spodoptera frugiperda; Noctuidae; Bacillus thuringiensis; Biological control; Foliage; Sweet taste; Mortality; Toxins; Feeding; occlusion bodies; Food consumption; Genetic engineering DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0982:AOTNOT>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantifying Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Mounds with Airborne Digital Imagery AN - 17770391; 6053056 AB - Airborne multispectral digital imagery was used to detect imported fire ant mounds in northeast Mississippi pasture. Images were acquired using a GeoVantage GeoScanner camera system, flown at an altitude of 610 m, for a resolution of 0.25 m, and 305 m, for a resolution of 0.1 m. Images were obtained during May 2002, August 2002, November 2002, and February 2003. Distinct mound signatures could be seen in images from May, November, and February; August images were difficult to interpret. Many mounds appeared as dark or light spots of bare soil surrounded by a halo of vigorous vegetation. Up to 75% of mounds were visible in false color infrared images. Mound characteristics (area, height, activity, percent vegetation cover) and image characteristics (image color, spatial resolution) all affected mound detection for at least one sampling period. Increasing spatial resolution from 0.25 to 0.1 m did not affect mound detection in May; during other times of the year, increased resolution improved detection by approximately 38%. False color infrared images were generally superior to true color images for mound detection. Potential overestimation because of commission errors was 17-29%. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Vogt, J T Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1045 EP - 1051 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Red imported fire ant KW - Black imported fire ant KW - Ants KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Formicidae KW - Image processing KW - Solenopsis richteri KW - Methodology KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Cameras KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Mounds KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17770391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Quantifying+Imported+Fire+Ant+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29+Mounds+with+Airborne+Digital+Imagery&rft.au=Vogt%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Vogt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=1045 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis invicta; Solenopsis richteri; Formicidae; USA, Mississippi; Methodology; Spatial distribution; Image processing; Cameras; Mounds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<1045:QIFAHF>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal Distribution of Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Host Strains in Agricultural and Turf Grass Habitats AN - 17769070; 6053078 AB - Male fall armyworm moths [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)] were captured in pheromone traps over a 16- to 24-mo period in selected sites in southern Florida. Molecular markers were used to determine whether individuals were of one of two host strains (historically designated 'rice-strain' and 'corn-strain'). Traps placed in agricultural areas showed a population peak in the spring (March-May) and fall (October-December), with a prolonged decline in numbers in summer (July-October) and a smaller reduction in mid-winter (January). The host strain distribution during these periods varied significantly, suggesting strain-specific and seasonal population patterns. Both strains were captured in substantial numbers during the spring peak, but surprisingly, only the rice-strain showed an increase in capture rates during the fall, despite the presence of sweet corn throughout this period. Trap captures in a sod (turfgrass) farm were composed almost entirely of the rice-strain and showed a bimodal seasonal distribution similar to that seen in the agricultural areas, with peaks in the spring and fall. These results represent the first indication that the two host strains might have substantially different population dynamics in the overwintering agricultural areas of Florida and suggest that the rice-strain is the predominant fall armyworm pest during the fall and winter growing periods. It further indicates that the two strains can display a markedly different response to seasonal environmental cues. The implications of these findings on our understanding of fall armyworm migration are discussed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Nagoshi, R N AU - Meagher, R L Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 881 EP - 889 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - Noctuid moths KW - Fall armyworm KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Spatial distribution KW - USA, Florida KW - Spodoptera frugiperda KW - Pheromone traps KW - Turf KW - Population dynamics KW - Noctuidae KW - Seasonal variations KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17769070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Seasonal+Distribution+of+Fall+Armyworm+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Noctuidae%29+Host+Strains+in+Agricultural+and+Turf+Grass+Habitats&rft.au=Nagoshi%2C+R+N%3BMeagher%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Nagoshi&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=881 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noctuidae; Spodoptera frugiperda; USA, Florida; Seasonal variations; Spatial distribution; Agricultural ecosystems; Pheromone traps; Turf; Population dynamics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0881:SDOFAL>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Home Range Characteristics Of Fishers in California AN - 17767839; 6052269 AB - The fisher (Martes pennanti) is a forest mustelid that historically occurred in California from the mixed conifer forests of the north coast, east to the southern Cascades, and south throughout the Sierra Nevada. Today fishers in California occur only in 2 disjunct populations in the northwestern mountains and the southern Sierra Nevada. We studied the ecology of fishers in both populations (the north coast [Coastal] and southern Sierra Nevada [Sierra]) to characterize the size and composition of their home ranges, and to compare features between locations. Twenty-one (9 Coastal, 12 Sierra) of 46 radiocollared fishers were relocated frequently enough (>20 times) to estimate home ranges. The home ranges of males ([Xmacr] = 3,934.5 ha) were significantly greater than those of females (980.5 ha), and the home ranges of females were significantly greater in the Coastal than in the Sierra area. The smaller home ranges in the Sierra were probably due to productive habitats rich in black oak (Quercus kelloggii). Midseral Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and white fir (Abies concolor) types composed the greatest proportion (42.8%) of home ranges in the Coastal study area. The greatest proportion of home ranges in the Sierra study area were in the intermediate tree size class (60.7%), had dense canopy closure (66.3%), and were in the Sierran Mixed Conifer type (40.1%). These measures provide guidelines for managers who wish to influence landscape features to resemble occupied fisher habitat. The recovery of fishers in the Pacific States, however, will also require the consideration of microhabitat elements and characteristics of landscapes that might affect metapopulation dynamics. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Zielinski, W J AU - Truex, R L AU - Schmidt, G A AU - Schlexer, F V AU - Schmidt, K N AU - Barrett, R H AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Dr., Arcata, CA 95521, USA (WJZ, RLT, FVS) Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 649 EP - 657 PB - American Society of Mammalogists VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Martes pennanti KW - Quercus kelloggii KW - Abies concolor KW - Landscape KW - Forests KW - Conifers KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Habitat utilization KW - Home range KW - USA, California KW - Metapopulations KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - Y 25507:Mammals (excluding primates) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17767839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Home+Range+Characteristics+Of+Fishers+in+California&rft.au=Zielinski%2C+W+J%3BTruex%2C+R+L%3BSchmidt%2C+G+A%3BSchlexer%2C+F+V%3BSchmidt%2C+K+N%3BBarrett%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Zielinski&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2372%282004%290852.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-2372&volume=85&page=649 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Abies concolor; Martes pennanti; Quercus kelloggii; Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, California; Home range; Habitat utilization; Forests; Conifers; Landscape; Metapopulations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2372(2004)085<0649:HRCOFC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inducible Responses in Papaya: Impact on Population Growth Rates of Herbivorous Mites and Powdery Mildew Under Field Conditions AN - 17767321; 6053061 AB - Induced plant responses to herbivores and pathogens have been found in many systems. We examined intra- and interspecific interactions among three parasites through induced responses in their shared host plant, papaya. Three key parasites attack papaya foliage in Hawaii: the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval); the papaya rust mite, Calacarus flagelliseta Fletchmann, De Moraes, and Barbosa; and the powdery mildew causal agent, Oidium caricae F. Noack. Under laboratory conditions, papaya seedlings were first exposed to standardized populations of mites and mildew; the parasites were removed, and the clean, previously infested plants were transplanted into the field to be exposed to colonization by natural populations of plant parasites. Population growth of colonizers was monitored for a period of 3 mo. We found no evidence for induced plant resistance. Rather, our results suggest that papaya expresses a weak form of induced susceptibility after injury from papaya rust mites and powdery mildew. Plants exposed to rust mites as young seedlings subsequently supported larger populations of spider mites, and plants exposed early to powdery mildew subsequently supported larger populations of rust mites. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Fournier, V AU - Rosenheim, JA AU - Brodeur, J AU - Johnson, M W AD - Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, vfournier@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1088 EP - 1094 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Acari KW - Papayas KW - Papaya KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Oidium caricae KW - Caricaceae KW - Carica papaya KW - Tetranychus cinnabarinus KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Herbivory KW - Pathogens KW - Defense mechanisms KW - Calacarus flagelliseta KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04660:Arachnids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17767321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Inducible+Responses+in+Papaya%3A+Impact+on+Population+Growth+Rates+of+Herbivorous+Mites+and+Powdery+Mildew+Under+Field+Conditions&rft.au=Fournier%2C+V%3BRosenheim%2C+JA%3BBrodeur%2C+J%3BJohnson%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Fournier&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1088&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=1088 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Caricaceae; Carica papaya; Tetranychus cinnabarinus; Calacarus flagelliseta; Oidium caricae; USA, Hawaii; Defense mechanisms; Herbivory; Pathogens; Host-parasite interactions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<1088:IRIPIO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival and Predation of Delphastus Catalinae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Predator of Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), After Exposure to a Range of Constant Temperatures AN - 17767191; 6053073 AB - Delphastus catalinae (Horn) is a predator of whiteflies that has shown promise as a tool in pest management strategies. Exposure to short-term temperature extremes can affect the survival of predators in a greenhouse or field environment. The B-biotype sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), survives the winters of mild climates (where temperatures are commonly above 0 degree C), but it is not known if D. catalinae can survive such winters. The influence of constant temperature on the survival of D. catalinae was determined in the laboratory using eggs and nymphs of the B-biotype B. tabaci. Over 90% of the adult beetles exposed to temperature regimens of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degree C for 24 h survived when confined with hosts. The lower and upper thresholds for survival over that duration were around 0 and 40 degree C, respectively; similar to 1% of the insects survived temperatures beyond these extremes. Survival of D. catalinae pupae was similar to that of adults. Adult D. catalinae survived up to 5.8 mo when confined on a plant infested with whitefly eggs and nymphs and held at 25 degree C; 50% of the cohort survived for 3.4 mo. Those held in a similar test at 35 degree C lived up to 0.6 mo. The number of immature whiteflies consumed during 24 h by adult D. catalinae generally increased with temperatures of 14-30 degree C. This study provides information on temperatures that may affect the survival of D. catalinae during commercial shipment and after release for biological control in the field or greenhouse, and it may help in the understanding of their ability to survive mild winters. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Simmons, A M AU - Legaspi, J C Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 839 EP - 843 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Homoptera KW - Ladybird beetles KW - Whiteflies KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Temperature effects KW - Aleyrodidae KW - Predation KW - Survival KW - Coccinellidae KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Delphastus catalinae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17767191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Survival+and+Predation+of+Delphastus+Catalinae+%28Coleoptera%3A+Coccinellidae%29%2C+a+Predator+of+Whiteflies+%28Homoptera%3A+Aleyrodidae%29%2C+After+Exposure+to+a+Range+of+Constant+Temperatures&rft.au=Simmons%2C+A+M%3BLegaspi%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=839 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Delphastus catalinae; Coccinellidae; Aleyrodidae; Bemisia tabaci; Predation; Survival; Temperature effects; Biological control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0839:SAPODC>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Control of Aflatoxin Contamination of Crops AN - 17765670; 6089091 AB - Aflatoxin contamination of crops compromises the safety of food and feed supplies and causes significant economic losses each year. Of the many research approaches being studied to reduce and, ultimately, eliminate aflatoxin contamination, biological control is one of the more promising, particularly for the near-term. Numerous organisms have been tested for biological control of aflatoxin contamination including bacteria, yeasts, and nontoxigenic strains of the causal organisms, Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Most of the field successes to date have been achieved by applying certain nontoxigenic strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus to soil of susceptible crops, such as peanuts, cotton, and corn. The applied strains occupy the same niche as the naturally occurring toxigenic strains and competitively exclude them when crops are susceptible to infection. Various formulations have been used to apply the nontoxigenic strains to soil, but the most effective methods have been to combine the desired strain with a carrier/substrate, such as a small grain. This was done either by minimally growing the desired strain on sterilized grain or by coating the surface of the grain with conidia of the strain. After application to the field and uptake of moisture, the fungus completely colonizes the grain, and abundant sporulation provides inoculum levels sufficient to achieve a competitive advantage for the nontoxigenic strain. In several years of field studies, particularly with peanuts and cotton, significant reductions in aflatoxin contamination in the range of 70-90% have been achieved consistently. Two separate products have recently received EPA registration as biopesticides to control aflatoxin contamination in cotton (AF36) and peanuts (afla-guard registered ). JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Dorner, J W AD - National Peanut Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 509, Dawson, GA 39842, USA, jdorner@nprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 425 EP - 450 VL - 23 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - corn KW - cotton KW - maize KW - peanuts KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Cotton KW - Niches KW - Sporulation KW - Aflatoxins KW - Food poisoning KW - Nuts KW - Conidia KW - Food contamination KW - Gossypium KW - Toxins KW - Zea mays KW - Reviews KW - Economics KW - Grain KW - Inoculum KW - Coatings KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17765670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Biological+Control+of+Aflatoxin+Contamination+of+Crops&rft.au=Dorner%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Dorner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-200027877 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Cotton; Niches; Aflatoxins; Sporulation; Nuts; Food poisoning; Conidia; Food contamination; Toxins; Reviews; Economics; Inoculum; Grain; Coatings; Arachis hypogaea; Aspergillus flavus; Zea mays; Gossypium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-200027877 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological Correlates Of Flying Squirrel Microhabitat Use And Density In Temperate Rainforests Of Southeastern Alaska AN - 17765244; 6052271 AB - We studied habitat relations of the Prince of Wales flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus griseifrons), an endemic of the temperate, coniferous rainforest of southeastern Alaska, because of concerns over population viability from extensive clear-cut logging in the region. We used stepwise logistic regression to examine relationships between microhabitat use (i.e., captures among traps spaced at 40-m intervals) and 26 vegetative and structural habitat features measured in plots centered on trap stations. Seasonal (spring, autumn) models were created for two old-growth forest types: upland, western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)-Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) forests (upland-OG); and peatland-scrub-mixed-conifer forests (peatland-MC). Density of trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) >74 cm and abundance of Vaccinium were positively correlated with microhabitat use in peatland-MC during both seasons. During spring and autumn, the odds of capturing a flying squirrel increased by factors of 2.7 and 16.9, respectively, with an increase in mean density of 10 large trees/ha. Microhabitat use of upland-OG during autumn was positively correlated with density of snags with a dbh of 50-74 cm and negatively correlated with percentage cover of understory herbaceous vegetation; microhabitat use during spring was inversely correlated with percentage surface cover of water. At the macrohabitat (13-ha replicate of forest type) scale, large (>74-cm dbh) trees explained 65% of the variation in density between forest types; percent cover of moss and volume of down wood in decay classes I-IV explained 70% and 63-77% of the variation, respectively. Our findings corroborate general patterns reported for western coniferous forests, but suggest that G. sabrinus in temperate rainforests of southeastern Alaska differ ecologically from populations in the Pacific Northwest in important ways. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Smith, W P AU - Gende, S M AU - Nichols, J V AD - United States Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 2770 Sherwood Lane-Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801-8545, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 663 EP - 674 PB - American Society of Mammalogists VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Glaucomys sabrinus KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - Vaccinium KW - Habitat KW - Picea sitchensis KW - Rain forests KW - Traps KW - Microenvironments KW - Tsuga KW - Habitat utilization KW - Decay KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17765244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=Ecological+Correlates+Of+Flying+Squirrel+Microhabitat+Use+And+Density+In+Temperate+Rainforests+Of+Southeastern+Alaska&rft.au=Smith%2C+W+P%3BGende%2C+S+M%3BNichols%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-2372%282004%290852.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-2372&volume=85&page=663 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vaccinium; Picea sitchensis; Tsuga; Glaucomys sabrinus; USA, Alaska; Forests; Habitat utilization; Microenvironments; Rain forests; Trees; Traps; Habitat; Decay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-2372(2004)085<0663:ECOFSM>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identifying Sources of Resistance to Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Contamination in Corn Grain AN - 17762100; 6089089 AB - Researchers at the University of Illinois seek to identify sources of genetic resistance that contribute alleles for low aflatoxin and low fumonisin accumulation in grain and low severity of Aspergillus and Fusarium ear rots to commercial corn (Zea mays L.) inbreds. Studies of resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in grain and Aspergillus ear rot began in 1988 with experiments designed to address fundamental needs of a new breeding program. Through the 1990s, diverse inbred lines, test crosses, and segregating populations were developed and evaluated for resistance in numerous environments. Concerns of industry inspired researchers to initiate an accelerated program for resistance to fumonisin accumulation in grain and Fusarium ear rot in the late 1990s. Present research in both programs is directed with the latest molecular marker technology, and is focused on incorporating novel genes for resistance from diverse sources into elite inbred lines that impart high yield to hybrid performance. With continued funding, agronomically superior sources of resistance along with information on molecular markers associated with resistance soon may be released. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Clements, MJ AU - White, D G AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, P.O. Box 53675, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA, mclements@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 381 EP - 396 VL - 23 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - maize KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fusarium KW - Fumonisins KW - Contamination KW - Breeding KW - Zea mays KW - Ear rot KW - Reviews KW - Grain KW - Aflatoxins KW - Aspergillus KW - Toxins KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17762100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Identifying+Sources+of+Resistance+to+Aflatoxin+and+Fumonisin+Contamination+in+Corn+Grain&rft.au=Clements%2C+MJ%3BWhite%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=381&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-200027865 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fumonisins; Breeding; Contamination; Ear rot; Reviews; Aflatoxins; Grain; Toxins; Fusarium; Zea mays; Aspergillus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-200027865 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progress in Elucidating the Molecular Basis of the Host Plant - Aspergillus flavus Interaction, a Basis for Devising Strategies to Reduce Aflatoxin Contamination in Crops AN - 17761016; 6089088 AB - Understanding the complex interrelationships of plant and fungal gene products during the host plant - Aspergillus flavus interaction is key in developing strategies to interrupt the aflatoxin contamination process. Fungal processes necessary for invasion of the plant and production of aflatoxin can be broken down into three categories: 1) cell wall degradation (cellulases, pectinases, amylases, and proteinases), 2) fungal development (cell wall synthesis and conidiophore and conidial formation), and 3) aflatoxin biosynthesis and regulation. Fungal expressed sequence tag (EST) projects have led to a rapid expansion in the number of candidate genes governing the processes involved in invasion of the plant and aflatoxin contamination. Plant factors have been discovered through the use of proteomics and natural product chemistry that may influence fungal processes involved in invasion and aflatoxin contamination. These factors can also be divided into three categories: 1) seed proteins/inhibitors of fungal cell wall degrading enzymes, 2) seed/kernel natural products that may influence fungal growth and/or aflatoxin synthesis, and 3) plant stress-responsive proteins. If the interaction between the plant and the fungus can be better understood through use of proteomics, genomics, and natural product chemistry, particularly in how plant factors may influence fungal processes contributing to virulence and aflatoxin contamination, this information could accelerate development of breeding through marker selection and/or gene insertion technologies for enhancing host plant resistance. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Cleveland, TE AU - Yu, Jiujiang AU - Bhatnagar, D AU - Chen, Zhi-Yuan AU - Brown, R L AU - Chang, Perng-Kuang AU - Cary, J W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS), Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, eclevela@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 345 EP - 380 VL - 23 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Seeds KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Biodegradation KW - Contamination KW - Aflatoxins KW - natural products KW - expressed sequence tags KW - Host plants KW - Crops KW - Cellulase KW - alpha -Amylase KW - Breeding KW - Reviews KW - Kernels KW - Proteinase KW - genomics KW - proteomics KW - Cell walls KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17761016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Progress+in+Elucidating+the+Molecular+Basis+of+the+Host+Plant+-+Aspergillus+flavus+Interaction%2C+a+Basis+for+Devising+Strategies+to+Reduce+Aflatoxin+Contamination+in+Crops&rft.au=Cleveland%2C+TE%3BYu%2C+Jiujiang%3BBhatnagar%2C+D%3BChen%2C+Zhi-Yuan%3BBrown%2C+R+L%3BChang%2C+Perng-Kuang%3BCary%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Cleveland&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-200027892 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seeds; Biodegradation; Contamination; Aflatoxins; natural products; Host plants; expressed sequence tags; Cellulase; Crops; alpha -Amylase; Breeding; Reviews; Kernels; Proteinase; proteomics; genomics; Cell walls; Aspergillus flavus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-200027892 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth, Water Relations, and Nutritive Value of Pasture Species Mixtures under Moisture Stress AN - 17760861; 6088576 AB - Pasture productivity under harsh environments can be increased by planting more drought-resistant species or by increasing species diversity. This research was conducted under two large (10.2 x 26.8 m) rainout shelters combined with a drip irrigation system to provide deficit, normal, and excessive moisture conditions. A two-species mixture containing the relatively drought-tolerant species, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) and two five-species mixtures were compared with a mixture containing the drought-sensitive species, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), which are the predominant species in northeastern USA pastures. Plots were clipped from mid-May to early October in 2000 and 2001 on a schedule that mimicked management-intensive grazing practices. The five-species mixture containing chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), orchardgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and white clover had the greatest dry matter yield at all moisture levels. Yield in that mixture increased 89% in the dry, 61% in the normal, and 43% (by weight) in the wet treatments compared with the white clover/Kentucky bluegrass mixture. Increased yield was primarily due to the robust growth of chicory which dominated the mixture, accounting for 71% of harvested biomass by the fall of 2001. In addition, white clover growing in the mixture with chicory had improved leaf water relations and greater relative growth rates than white clover growing in the two-species mixture. Including the functional attribute of a deep-rooted forb appeared to be more important than species richness, per se, in improving forage yield. JF - Crop Science AU - Skinner, R H AU - Gustine, D L AU - Sanderson, MA AD - USDA-ARS Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Building 3702 Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802, USA, howard.skinner@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1361 EP - 1369 VL - 44 IS - 4 SN - 0011-183X, 0011-183X KW - moisture KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Moisture KW - Orchardgrass KW - Pastures KW - Species Diversity KW - Drip Irrigation KW - Crops KW - Forages KW - Water Relations KW - Poa pratensis KW - Dactylis glomerata KW - Trifolium pratense KW - Clovers KW - Cichorium intybus KW - Perennial Ryegrass KW - Growth rate KW - Dry Matter KW - Grazing KW - Moisture Stress KW - Stress KW - Growth Rates KW - Biomass KW - Water stress KW - Bluegrasses KW - Forage KW - Productivity KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - G 07354:Dicotyledons (crops) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17760861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crop+Science&rft.atitle=Growth%2C+Water+Relations%2C+and+Nutritive+Value+of+Pasture+Species+Mixtures+under+Moisture+Stress&rft.au=Skinner%2C+R+H%3BGustine%2C+D+L%3BSanderson%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Crop+Science&rft.issn=0011183X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cichorium intybus; Poa pratensis; Trifolium pratense; Dactylis glomerata; Clovers; Pastures; Bluegrasses; Moisture; Orchardgrass; Water Relations; Species Diversity; Perennial Ryegrass; Biomass; Growth Rates; Forages; Grazing; Productivity; Crops; Drip Irrigation; Moisture Stress; Dry Matter; Water stress; Growth rate; Forage; Stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of HYDRUS-2D Simulations of Drip Irrigation with Experimental Observations AN - 17728745; 6000749 AB - Realizing the full potential of drip irrigation technology requires optimizing the operational parameters that are available to irrigators, such as the frequency, rate, and duration of water application and the placement of drip tubing. Numerical simulation is a fast and inexpensive approach to studying optimal management practices. Unfortunately, little work has been done to investigate the accuracy of numerical simulations, leading some to question the usefulness of simulation as a research and design tool. In this study, we compare HYDRUS-2D simulations of drip irrigation with experimental data. A Hanford sandy loam soil was irrigated using thin-walled drip tubing installed at a depth of 6 cm. Three trials (20, 40, and 60 L times m super(-1) applied water) were carried out. At the end of each irrigation and approximately 24 h later, the water content distribution in the soil was determined by gravimetric sampling. The HYDRUS-2D predictions of the water content distribution are found to be in very good agreement with the data. The results support the use of HYDRUS-2D as a tool for investigating and designing drip irrigation management practices. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Skaggs, TH AU - Trout, T J AU - Simuenek, J AU - Shouse, P J AD - George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 92507, USA, tskaggs@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 304 EP - 310 VL - 130 IS - 4 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Experimental Data KW - Distribution KW - Irrigation Engineering KW - Simulation KW - Irrigation Water KW - Sampling KW - Loam KW - Drip Irrigation KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17728745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+HYDRUS-2D+Simulations+of+Drip+Irrigation+with+Experimental+Observations&rft.au=Skaggs%2C+TH%3BTrout%2C+T+J%3BSimuenek%2C+J%3BShouse%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Skaggs&rft.aufirst=TH&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=304&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9437%282004%29130%3A4%28304%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Simulation; Drip Irrigation; Distribution; Prediction; Sampling; Experimental Data; Irrigation Engineering; Loam; Irrigation Water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2004)130:4(304) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cultural Methods for Aflatoxin Detection AN - 17724116; 6089086 AB - Aflatoxins present important food safely problems in both developed and developing countries. Contamination is monitored in developed countries using enzyme-linked immunusorbent assay (ELISA)- and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based assays, both of which may be too expensive for routine use in many developing countries. There is a need for inexpensive alternative approaches to detect aflatoxins in lots of foods and feeds. Reviewed here are culture-based methods that determine if a sample is contaminated with aflatoxigenic fungi. These approaches include 1) blue fluorescence of aflatoxin B sub(1), particularly when enhanced by including beta -cyclodextrin in the culture medium, 2) yellow pigment production, and 3) color change on exposure to ammonium hydroxide vapor. The presence of aflatoxin B sub(1) can be detected by its blue fluorescence, which is enhanced when the toxin complexes with the hydrophobic pocket of beta -cyclodextrin. The yellow pigment and ammonium hydroxide vapor tests are based on the production of yellow anthraquinone biosynthetic intermediates in the aflatoxin pathway. These compounds act as pH indicator dyes, which are more visible when they have turned red at alkaline pH. Because these tests are based on two different mechanisms, it has been possible to combine them into a single test. In a study of 517 A. flavus isolates from the Mississippi Delta, the combined assay reduced false positives for aflatoxigenicity to 0%, and false negatives to 7%. The increased predictive power of the combined cultural assay may enable its use for inexpensively identifying potential aflatoxin contamination in feeds and foods. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Abbas, H K AU - Shier, W T AU - Horn, B W AU - Weaver, MA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, CG & PRU, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA, habbas@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 295 EP - 315 VL - 23 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - ammonium hydroxide KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - anthraquinone KW - Aflatoxins KW - Food contamination KW - Vapors KW - Dyes KW - Pigments KW - beta -Cyclodextrin KW - Reviews KW - Developing countries KW - pH effects KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17724116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Cultural+Methods+for+Aflatoxin+Detection&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BShier%2C+W+T%3BHorn%2C+B+W%3BWeaver%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-200027854 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aflatoxin B1; High-performance liquid chromatography; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; anthraquinone; Aflatoxins; Food contamination; Vapors; Dyes; Reviews; beta -Cyclodextrin; Pigments; pH effects; Developing countries; Aspergillus flavus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-200027854 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging Technologies for Mycotoxin Detection AN - 17723701; 6089087 AB - The history of the development of analytical methods for detecting fungal toxins is rich and varied. Method development has followed a process somewhat akin to Darwinian evolution: methods are selected based upon the characteristics most desirable to the analyst. Typically, this has lead to the development of accurate and sensitive methods for their detection, with a recurring emphasis on improving the speed and lowering the costs of the assays. Like evolution, there have been radical developments, incremental developments, and techniques that have fallen from favor only to be rediscovered. This review focuses on recent developments in technologies for detection of mycotoxins, with a particular emphasis on the myriad forms of biosensors that have begun to appear. Specifically, recent development in evanescent wave technologies (surface plasmon resonance, fiber optic sensors), lateral flow and dipstick devices, fluorescence polarization and time-resolved fluorescence, microbead assays, and capillary electrophoretic immunoassays, are described. The challenge for the emerging technologies is to demonstrate advantages over the more conventional, and better established, techniques in settings outside the analytical laboratory. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Maragos, C M AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA, maragocm@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 317 EP - 344 VL - 23 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Biosensors KW - Mycotoxins KW - surface plasmon resonance KW - Reviews KW - Detection KW - Immunoassays KW - Evolution KW - Fluorescence polarization KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17723701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Emerging+Technologies+for+Mycotoxin+Detection&rft.au=Maragos%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-200027859 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biosensors; Mycotoxins; surface plasmon resonance; Reviews; Detection; Immunoassays; Evolution; Fluorescence polarization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-200027859 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of Exposure to and Mitigation of Effect of Aflatoxin on Human Health: A West African Example AN - 17723458; 6089083 AB - The purpose of this chapter is to examine the relative risk of exposure of different human populations to food-borne aflatoxins; the types of health impact that may be incurred by dietary exposure to aflatoxins; and possible strategies likely to mitigate risks to human health. Risk of exposure is examined in a global context comparing risk of toxin exposure by levels of national socioeconomic development. Then risk of exposure is reexamined in the context of agro-ecology, distribution of toxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus, and social factors that influence food management practices. The effects of aflatoxin exposure on human health are explored in three sections: human disease and nutritional status, carcinogenicity, and child growth and development. The section concerning mitigation of the effects of aflatoxin on human health contrasts efficacy of regulation, food basket modification, and production-side agriculture intervention. It is concluded that risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in developing countries, such as West Africa, may be addressed by vaccination for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and other public health options. Young children in West Africa who are chronically exposed to aflatoxin in foods and who consume nutritionally deficient diets have been shown to be stunted and underweight, as measured by World Health Organization (WHO) Z-scores. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews AU - Cardwell, K F AU - Henry, SH AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, CSREES, Washington, DC 20024, USA, kcardwell@csrees.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 217 EP - 247 VL - 23 IS - 2-3 SN - 0731-3837, 0731-3837 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Underweight KW - Public health KW - Africa, West KW - Toxigenicity KW - Diets KW - Aflatoxins KW - Developing countries KW - Risk assessment KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Hepatocellular carcinoma KW - Nutritional status KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - Food contamination KW - Vaccination KW - Reviews KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17723458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.atitle=Risk+of+Exposure+to+and+Mitigation+of+Effect+of+Aflatoxin+on+Human+Health%3A+A+West+African+Example&rft.au=Cardwell%2C+K+F%3BHenry%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Cardwell&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Toxin+Reviews&rft.issn=07313837&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FTXR-200027817 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatitis B virus; Aspergillus flavus; Africa, West; Developing countries; Carcinogenicity; Diets; Public health; Aflatoxins; Food contamination; Nutritional status; Underweight; Reviews; Vaccination; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Risk assessment; Toxigenicity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/TXR-200027817 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitory Activities of Colicins against Escherichia coli Strains Responsible for Postweaning Diarrhea and Edema Disease in Swine AN - 17709047; 5963327 AB - The efficacies of colicins E1 and N against Escherichia coli strains responsible for postweaning diarrhea and edema disease, two of the most prevalent disease problems for pigs in the United States, were determined in vitro. These proteins may provide an environmentally sound means for the prevention of these infections in swine. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Stahl, Chad H AU - Callaway, Todd R AU - Lincoln, Leslie M AU - Lonergan, Steven M AU - Genovese, Kenneth J AD - Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 3119 EP - 3121 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 48 IS - 8 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - USA KW - Diarrhea KW - Escherichia coli KW - Colicins KW - Sound KW - Edema KW - Infection KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17709047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Inhibitory+Activities+of+Colicins+against+Escherichia+coli+Strains+Responsible+for+Postweaning+Diarrhea+and+Edema+Disease+in+Swine&rft.au=Stahl%2C+Chad+H%3BCallaway%2C+Todd+R%3BLincoln%2C+Leslie+M%3BLonergan%2C+Steven+M%3BGenovese%2C+Kenneth+J&rft.aulast=Stahl&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diarrhea; Sound; Colicins; Edema; Infection; Escherichia coli; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral Response of Lygus hesperus to Conspecifics and Headspace Volatiles of Alfalfa in a Y-Tube Olfactometer AN - 17705091; 6055751 AB - The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, feeds and develops on a variety of weeds in the spring, with later generations moving to alfalfa and cotton where severe damage to reproductive structures can occur. A synthetic attractant for monitoring or mass-trapping L. hesperus, or the identification of potential attractants for natural enemies, would be useful tools for integrated pest management programs. Studies investigated the response of naive and experienced fifth-instar and adult L. hesperus to odors associated with conspecifics and alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. Fifth-instar L. hesperus responded to all plant/insect combinations, whereas female L. hesperus only responded preferentially to vegetative and flowering alfalfa where conspecifics had fed for 24-72 hr, and to vegetative alfalfa where conspecifics were added approximately 30 min before the test began. Males were not attracted to headspace volatiles from any of the alfalfa treatments. Analysis of headspace volatiles showed that (E)-2-hexanal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, alpha -pinene, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, limonene, (Z)-ocimene, (E)- beta -ocimene, linalool, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and (E, E)- alpha -farnesene are emitted from both vegetative and flowering alfalfa. Indole and (3E, 7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene were only detected in flowering alfalfa. Damage to alfalfa by L. hesperus increased emissions of (Z)-ocimene, (E)- beta -ocimene, (E)- beta -caryophyllene, and (E, E)- alpha -farnesene, while beta -pinene, myrcene, methyl salicylate, and (3E, 7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene were only detected from damaged plants. Thus, individual or mixtures of these alfalfa volatiles may be useful as attractants for capturing nymphs and adult females of L. hesperus in the field. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Blackmer, J L AU - Rodriguez-Saona, C AU - Byers, JA AU - Shope, K L AU - Smith, J P AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS,, 4135 E. Broadway Rd., Phoenix, Arizona 85040, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1547 EP - 1564 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 30 IS - 8 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Hemiptera KW - Plant Bugs KW - Alfalfa KW - Leaf Bugs KW - Jumping tree bugs KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Olfactometers KW - Miridae KW - Volatiles KW - Fabaceae KW - Lygus hesperus KW - Medicago sativa KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17705091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Behavioral+Response+of+Lygus+hesperus+to+Conspecifics+and+Headspace+Volatiles+of+Alfalfa+in+a+Y-Tube+Olfactometer&rft.au=Blackmer%2C+J+L%3BRodriguez-Saona%2C+C%3BByers%2C+JA%3BShope%2C+K+L%3BSmith%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Blackmer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOEC.0000042067.27698.30 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lygus hesperus; Miridae; Fabaceae; Medicago sativa; Volatiles; Olfactometers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000042067.27698.30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endophytic-Host Selectivity of Discula umbrinella on Quercus alba and Quercus rubra Characterized by Infection, Pathogenicity and Mycelial Compatibility AN - 17704993; 6056222 AB - The fungal endophytic-host relationships of Discula umbrinella and two oak species, Quercus alba and Quercus rubra, were characterized on the basis of endophytic infection, pathogenicity, and mycelial compatibility. Isolates of D. umbrinella were cultured from leaves of Q. alba and Q. rubra collected from a hardwood forest located in Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Laurel, Maryland, USA. Endophytic infection was observed on sterile leaf discs and living 2-month-old seedlings of Q. alba and Q. rubra. Fungal-host reciprocal inoculations revealed the presence of conidiomata on both hosts but conidiomata production was more abundant on Q. alba. Isolates from Q. rubra produced milder disease symptoms on both oak species. Mycelial compatibility studies identified seven different MCG groups. MCG groups 1-3 contained isolates from both oak species whereas MCG groups 4-7 contained host specific isolates. Field studies monitored the seasonal appearance of the sexual fruiting structures, perithecia, as a possible source of new genetic variation that might alter host specificity/pathogenicity of the D. umbrinella isolates on Q. alba and Q. rubra hosts. Only 1-2% of the leaves contained perithecia throughout the sampling period (April-September). Isolates collected from Q. alba differed from those collected from Q. rubra in endophytic infection, pathogenic response, and perithecia production. The results of this study suggest that the endophyte-host relationship is one of host selective preference for Q. alba, but that the endophyte has the ability to maintain the endophytic/pathogenic life cycle on the less preferred host species, Q. rubra. JF - European Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Cohen, S D AD - USDA APHIS, North Central Research Station, Greenhouse Annex, 1561 Lindig Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, susan.d.cohen@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 713 EP - 721 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 110 IS - 7 SN - 0929-1873, 0929-1873 KW - Northern red oak KW - White oak KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Genetic diversity KW - Life cycle KW - Discula umbrinella KW - Pathogenicity KW - Compatibility KW - Endophytes KW - Fruit bodies KW - Mycelia KW - Perithecia KW - Quercus alba KW - Quercus rubra KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Inoculation KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17704993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Endophytic-Host+Selectivity+of+Discula+umbrinella+on+Quercus+alba+and+Quercus+rubra+Characterized+by+Infection%2C+Pathogenicity+and+Mycelial+Compatibility&rft.au=Cohen%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=09291873&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AEJPP.0000041564.63509.2f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Discula umbrinella; Quercus alba; Quercus rubra; Pathogenicity; Host-pathogen interactions; Life cycle; Endophytes; Genetic diversity; Perithecia; Mycelia; Compatibility; Fruit bodies; Inoculation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EJPP.0000041564.63509.2f ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Comparison of Constitutive Promoters for Expression of Transgenes in Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) AN - 17696955; 6056260 AB - The activity of constitutive promoters was compared in transgenic alfalfa plants using two marker genes. Three promoters, the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), the cassava vein mosaic virus (CsVMV) promoter, and the sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus (ScBV) promoter were each fused to the beta -glucuronidase (gusA) gene. The highest GUS enzyme activity was obtained using the CsVMV promoter and all alfalfa cells assayed by in situ staining had high levels of enzyme activity. The 35S promoter was expressed in leaves, roots, and stems at moderate levels, but the promoter was not active in stem pith cells, root cortical cells, or in the symbiotic zones of nodules. The ScBV promoter was active primarily in vascular tissues throughout the plant. In leaves, GUS activity driven by the CsVMV promoter was approximately 24-fold greater than the activity from the 35S promoter and 38-fold greater than the activity from the ScBV promoter. Five promoters, the double 35S promoter, figwort mosaic virus (FMV) promoter, CsVMV promoter, ScBV promoter, and alfalfa small subunit Rubisco (RbcS) promoter were used to control expression of a cDNA from Trichoderma atroviride encoding an endochitinase (ech42). Highest chitinase activity in leaves, roots, and root nodules was obtained in plants containing the CsVMV:ech42 transgene. Plants expressing the endochitinase were challenged with Phoma medicaginis var. medicaginis, the causal agent of spring black stem and leaf spot of alfalfa. Although endochitinase activity in leaves of transgenic plants was 50- to 2650-fold greater than activity in control plants, none of the transgenic plants showed a consistent increase in disease resistance compared to controls. The high constitutive levels of both GUS and endochitinase activity obtained demonstrate that the CsVMV promoter is useful for high-level transgene expression in alfalfa. JF - Transgenic Research AU - Samac, DA AU - Tesfaye, M AU - Dornbusch, M AU - Saruul, P AU - Temple, S J AD - USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research Unit, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, dasamac@tc.umn.edu Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 349 EP - 361 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0962-8819, 0962-8819 KW - Alfalfa KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - ^b-Glucuronidase KW - Transgenic plants KW - Promoters KW - Gene transfer KW - Cassava vein mosaic virus KW - Cauliflower mosaic virus KW - Medicago sativa KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17696955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transgenic+Research&rft.atitle=A+Comparison+of+Constitutive+Promoters+for+Expression+of+Transgenes+in+Alfalfa+%28Medicago+Sativa%29&rft.au=Samac%2C+DA%3BTesfaye%2C+M%3BDornbusch%2C+M%3BSaruul%2C+P%3BTemple%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Samac&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transgenic+Research&rft.issn=09628819&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ATRAG.0000040022.84253.12 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medicago sativa; Cauliflower mosaic virus; Cassava vein mosaic virus; Promoters; Gene transfer; ^b-Glucuronidase; Transgenic plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:TRAG.0000040022.84253.12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory carbon use and carbon storage in mid-rotation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations: the effect of site resources on the stand carbon balance AN - 17685348; 6004386 AB - We used estimates of autotrophic respiration (R sub(A)), net primary productivity (NPP) and soil CO sub(2) evolution (S sub(ff)), to develop component carbon budgets for 12-year-old loblolly pine plantations during the fifth year of a fertilization and irrigation experiment. Annual carbon use in R sub(A) was 7.5, 9.0, 15.0, and 15.1 Mg C ha super(-1) in control (C), irrigated (I), fertilized (F) and irrigated and fertilized (IF) treatments, respectively. Foliage, fine root and perennial woody tissue (stem, branch, coarse and taproot) respiration accounted for, respectively, 37%, 24%, and 39% of R sub(A) in C and I treatments and 38%, 12% and 50% of R sub(A) in F and IF treatments. Annual gross primary production (GPP=NPP+R sub(A)) ranged from 13.1 to 26.6 Mg C ha super(-1). The I, F, and IF treatments resulted in a 21, 94, and 103% increase in GPP, respectively, compared to the C treatment. Despite large treatment differences in NPP, R sub(A), and carbon allocation, carbon use efficiency (CUE=NPP/GPP) averaged 0.42 and was unaffected by manipulating site resources. Ecosystem respiration (R sub(E)), the sum of S sub(ff), and above ground R sub(A), ranged from 12.8 to 20.2 Mg C ha super(-1) yr super(-1). S sub(ff) contributed the largest proportion of R sub(E), but the relative importance of S sub(ff) decreased from 0.63 in C treatments to 0.47 in IF treatments because of increased aboveground R sub(A). Aboveground woody tissue R sub(A) was 15% of R sub(E) in C and I treatments compared to 25% of R sub(E) in F and IF treatments. Net ecosystem productivity (NEP=GPP-R sub(E)) was roughly 0 in the C and I treatments and 6.4 Mg C ha super(-1) yr super(-1) in F and IF treatments, indicating that non-fertilized treatments were neither a source nor a sink for atmospheric carbon while fertilized treatments were carbon sinks. In these young stands, NEP is tightly linked to NPP; increased ecosystem carbon storage results mainly from an increase in foliage and perennial woody biomass. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Maier, CA AU - Albaugh, T J AU - Lee Allen, H AU - Dougherty, P M AD - USDA Forest Service, 3041 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA, Department of Forestry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA, MeadWestvaco, Inc., Summerville, SC 29484, USA, cmaier@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1335 EP - 1350 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 8 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17685348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Respiratory+carbon+use+and+carbon+storage+in+mid-rotation+loblolly+pine+%28Pinus+taeda+L.%29+plantations%3A+the+effect+of+site+resources+on+the+stand+carbon+balance&rft.au=Maier%2C+CA%3BAlbaugh%2C+T+J%3BLee+Allen%2C+H%3BDougherty%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/doi%3A10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2003.00809.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00809.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evapotranspiration of Full-, Deficit-Irrigated, and Dryland Cotton on the Northern Texas High Plains AN - 17604746; 6000746 AB - Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is beginning to be produced on the Northern Texas High Plains as a lower water-requiring crop while producing an acceptable profit. Cotton is a warm season, perennial species produced like an annual yet it requires a delicate balance of water and water deficit controls to most effectively produce high yields in this thermally limited environment. This study measured the water use of cotton in fully irrigated, deficiently irrigated, and dryland regimes in a Northern Texas High Plains environment using precision weighing lysimeters in 2000 and 2001. A lateral-move sprinkler system was used to irrigate the fields. The water use data were used to develop crop coefficient data and compared with the FAO-56 method for estimating crop water use. Cotton yield, water use, and water use efficiency was found to be as good in this region as other more noted cotton regions. FAO-56 evapotranspiration prediction procedures performed better for the more fully irrigated treatments in this environment. JF - Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering AU - Howell, T A AU - Evett AU - Tolk, JA AU - Schneider, AD AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA, tahowell@cprl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 277 EP - 285 VL - 130 IS - 4 SN - 0733-9437, 0733-9437 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration KW - M2 556.13:Evaporation/Evapotranspiration (556.13) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17604746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.atitle=Evapotranspiration+of+Full-%2C+Deficit-Irrigated%2C+and+Dryland+Cotton+on+the+Northern+Texas+High+Plains&rft.au=Howell%2C+T+A%3BEvett%3BTolk%2C+JA%3BSchneider%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Irrigation+and+Drainage+Engineering&rft.issn=07339437&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9437%282004%29130%3A4%28277%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2004)130:4(277) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of aquaculture detrification engineering in aquaculture society AN - 17488170; 6258600 AB - Denitrification systems provide an effective means of controlling nitrogen and potentially phosphorous within recirculating systems as well as within the effluent from recirculating aquaculture facilities. By utilizing anaerobic digestion in conjunction with the denitrification process, a facility can realize a reduction in the mass of solids that require final disposal while achieving the desired nitrogen removal. Other possible advantages include the generation of alkalinity, reduced water and wastewater treatment costs (when services are supplied by local municipality), reduced groundwater demand, as well as reduced energy costs with respect to water tempering resources. JF - Aquaculture Magazine AU - Brazil, B AD - National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, ARS-USDA, 11876 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 44 EP - 47 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0199-1388, 0199-1388 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Phosphorus KW - Recirculating systems KW - Aquaculture KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Alkalinity KW - Denitrification KW - Economics KW - Ground water KW - Aquaculture techniques KW - Aquaculture effluents KW - Solid impurities KW - Effluents KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - Aquaculture systems KW - Aquaculture economics KW - Water quality control KW - USA KW - Energy KW - Pollution control KW - Nitrogen KW - Q4 27480:Environmental Applications/Impact KW - O 5060:Aquaculture KW - Q5 08505:Prevention and control KW - Q3 08588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment KW - Q1 08588:Effects of Aquaculture on the Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17488170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture+Magazine&rft.atitle=Application+of+aquaculture+detrification+engineering+in+aquaculture+society&rft.au=Brazil%2C+B&rft.aulast=Brazil&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture+Magazine&rft.issn=01991388&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solid impurities; Aquaculture effluents; Pollution dispersion; Phosphorus; Recirculating systems; Anaerobic digestion; Aquaculture systems; Water quality control; Aquaculture economics; Denitrification; Economics; Aquaculture techniques; Nitrogen; Pollution control; Energy; Alkalinity; Ground water; Effluents; Wastewater treatment; Aquaculture; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest Science and Forest Policy in Europe, Africa and the Middle East: Building Bridges to a Sustainable Future AN - 17316237; 6131034 AB - Making forest policies that help to bridge from the current situation to a sustainable future requires sound scientific information. Too often, scientific information is available, yet policy makers do not use it. At a workshop in Denmark, attendees reviewed case studies where forest science influenced forest policies and identified six major reasons for success. Three reasons related to the role of people in protecting, managing and using forests, and ways in which they worked effectively with researchers and policy makers. Three reasons related to the nature of the interaction between the science and policy arenas and the way in which those arenas were organized and functioned. The scientific process is often considered to promote rational thought and exploration of the unknown. An assumption that the policy-making process is equally rational may be unwarranted. Values are central to the policy change process. Thus, scientists who hope to be more effective in spanning the boundaries between the scientific arena and the policy arena constantly have to remember that scientific information in itself is not the primary driver of policy change. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research AU - Guldin, R W AU - Koch, N E AU - Parrotta, J AU - Gamborg, C AU - Thorsen, B J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research and Development, Washington, DC, USA, rguldin@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 5 EP - 13 VL - 19 SN - 0282-7581, 0282-7581 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1030:Environmental Law, Conventions, & Policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17316237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Forest+Research&rft.atitle=Forest+Science+and+Forest+Policy+in+Europe%2C+Africa+and+the+Middle+East%3A+Building+Bridges+to+a+Sustainable+Future&rft.au=Guldin%2C+R+W%3BKoch%2C+N+E%3BParrotta%2C+J%3BGamborg%2C+C%3BThorsen%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Guldin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Forest+Research&rft.issn=02827581&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F14004080410034010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14004080410034010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Science, Land Management and Policy in International Studies on the Effects of Air Pollution on Carpathian Forest Ecosystems AN - 17306079; 6131045 AB - US-Central and Eastern European (CEE) collaborative studies on the distribution and effects of air pollution on CEE forests have been conducted since 1992. Based on 1997-1999 ambient ozone (O sub(3)) monitoring, maps of O sub(3) distribution in the Carpathian Mountains of central Europe were developed. These maps helped to understand air pollution risks in the Carpathian forests and to develop national regulations for the protected areas and for forest vegetation monitoring. The Carpathian study led to the establishment of two international long-term ecological research (ILTER) sites in the Retezat (Romania) and Tatra Mountains (Poland and Slovakia). During 2000-2002, differences in responses of natural versus managed forest to air pollution, including biodiversity changes, were investigated. During 2003-2005, research in these two ILTER sites focuses on the evaluation of resources and responses of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cerebra L.) to the increasing O sub(3) concentrations. The US-CEE collaboration helps in establishing a strong partnership between scientists and managers, and comparing the status and effects of air pollution in mountain forests of North America and Europe. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Badea, O AU - Fleischer, P AU - Godzik, B AU - Grodzinska, K AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 129 EP - 137 VL - 19 SN - 0282-7581, 0282-7581 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1120:Land KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17306079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Forest+Research&rft.atitle=Science%2C+Land+Management+and+Policy+in+International+Studies+on+the+Effects+of+Air+Pollution+on+Carpathian+Forest+Ecosystems&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BBadea%2C+O%3BFleischer%2C+P%3BGodzik%2C+B%3BGrodzinska%2C+K&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Forest+Research&rft.issn=02827581&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F14004080410034218 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14004080410034218 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Runoff, Soil Erosion, and Erodibility of Conservation Reserve Program Land under Crop and Hay Production AN - 17304278; 6087056 AB - There are concerns that restored grasslands currently under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) will experience increased soil erosion when they are returned to crop production. Our objective was to compare runoff, erosion, and erodibility on CRP land converted to annual hay production (permanent hayed, PH) and crop production under conventional-till (preplant disk tillage, CT) and no-till (NT) management. Erosion study was conducted in central North Dakota on Typic Argiustoll soil 6 yr after the CRP land had been converted to hay production and crop production with a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-winter wheat-dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation. Runoff volumes and soil loss (by alum precipitation of sediment) were measured on 1.5 by 5 m bordered plots on 4% slope under a rainfall simulator delivering 1- to 3-h rains at 50 or 75 mm h super(-1), followed by three rains of 20 min or less at rates from 25 to 125 mm h super(-1). Erodibility was calculated from ratios and regressions of soil loss rates versus runoff rates measured at relative steady state. Runoff rates from 50 and 75 mm h super(-1) rains for CT, NT, and PH averaged 9, 12, and 21 mm h super(-1), respectively, and supported soil loss rates of 20, 7, and 8 g m super(-2) h super(-1). Erodibility of undisturbed CT, NT, and PH was 1.65, 0.29, and 0.28 g m super(-2) mm super(-1), respectively, showing NT did not differ from PH and that CT management increased erodibility six-fold above PH. Thorough disk tillage increased erodibility three-fold over CT, 15-fold over NT, and nine-fold over PH. Complete, nondisturbing residue removal increased erodibility less than tillage, from 1.2 times for CT to 2.5 times for NT. Chemically weeded NT exhibited the same low erodibility as the grassland PH treatment under the conditions of study--4% land slope, above average precipitation, and a residue-productive crop rotation. However, erodibility of tilled NT was significantly higher than that of tilled PH, showing the higher inherent stability of grassland surface soil with its perennial plant root structures. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Zheng, F-L AU - Merrill, S D AU - Huang, C-H AU - Tanaka, D L AU - Darboux, F AU - Liebig, MA AU - Halvorson, AD AD - U. S. Dep. of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Northern Great Plains Research Lab., P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554, USA, merrills@mandan.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1332 EP - 1341 VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17304278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Runoff%2C+Soil+Erosion%2C+and+Erodibility+of+Conservation+Reserve+Program+Land+under+Crop+and+Hay+Production&rft.au=Zheng%2C+F-L%3BMerrill%2C+S+D%3BHuang%2C+C-H%3BTanaka%2C+D+L%3BDarboux%2C+F%3BLiebig%2C+MA%3BHalvorson%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=F-L&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 at Elevated Temperatures AN - 17299393; 6119782 AB - A continuous-flow apparatus was developed to measure thermal resistance (D- and z-values) of microorganisms at temperatures above 65 degree C. This apparatus was designed to test whether vegetative microorganisms exhibited unusually high thermal resistance that prevented them from being completely eliminated at temperatures applicable to vacuum-steam-vacuum processes (116 to 157 degree C). The apparatus was composed of a high-pressure liquid chromatography pump, a heating unit, and a cooling unit. It was designed to measure small D-values (<1 s). Three randomly selected organisms, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 suspended in deionized water were tested in the continuous-flow apparatus at temperatures ranging from 60 to 80 degree C. Studies showed that the D-values of these organisms ranged from 0.05 to 20 s. Heating at 80 degree C was found to be basically the physical limit of the system. Experimental results showed that L. monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and E. coli O157:H7 did not exhibit unusual heat resistance. The conditions used in the vacuum-steam-vacuum processes should have completely inactivated organisms such as L. monocytogenes, Salmonella Heidelberg, and E. coli O157:H7 if present on food surfaces. The complete destruction of bacteria during vacuum-steam-vacuum processes might not occur because the surface temperatures never reached those of the steam temperatures and because bacteria might be hidden beneath the surface and was thus never exposed to the destructive effects of the steam. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Huang, Lihan AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1666 EP - 1670 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17299393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Thermal+Resistance+of+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+Salmonella+Heidelberg%2C+and+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+at+Elevated+Temperatures&rft.au=Huang%2C+Lihan&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Lihan&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Downscaling Monthly Forecasts to Simulate Impacts of Climate Change on Soil Erosion and Wheat Production AN - 17285283; 6087057 AB - Climate change can affect agricultural production and soil and water conservation. The potential for global climate changes to increase the risk of soil erosion is clear, but the actual damage is not. The objectives of this study were to develop a method for downscaling monthly climate forecasts to daily weather series using a climate generator (CLIGEN), and to determine the potential impacts of projected mean and variance changes in precipitation and temperature on soil erosion and wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) yield. Monthly forecasts for the periods of 1950-1999 and 2056-2085 for the Oklahoma region, projected by a general circulation model (HadCM3), were used. Projected mean and variance changes in precipitation and temperatures between the two periods were satisfactorily incorporated into CLIGEN input parameters derived for the El Reno station, Oklahoma, and future transitional probabilities of precipitation occurrence were estimated as a linear function of historical monthly precipitation. Five climate change scenarios were constructed, and the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was run for each combination of five climate scenarios and three tillage systems. A 50% increase in CO sub(2) resulted in some 26% increase in wheat yield. At that elevated CO sub(2) level, projected decrease in total precipitation decreased surface runoff, soil loss, and wheat yield. However, predicted changes in precipitation variance increased runoff by 15 to 17%, and increased soil loss by 10 and 19% under conservation and conventional tillage, respectively. Predicted increase in mean temperature reduced wheat yield by 31%, and increased soil loss by 40 and 19% under conservation and conventional tillage, respectively. Under the assumed climate change, predicted average soil loss under conventional tillage was about 2.6 times that under conservation tillage and 29 times that under no-till. With all changes considered, predicted average wheat yield during 2056-2085, compared with the present climate at the present CO sub(2) level, would decrease by 12%; runoff would increase by <7%; and soil loss would increase by <8% in all tillage systems. Overall results indicate that adoption of conservation tillage and no-till will be effective in controlling soil erosion under projected climate change used in this study. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Zhang, X-C AU - Nearing, MA AU - Garbrecht, J D AU - Steiner, J L AD - USDA-ARS, Grazinglands Research Lab., 7207 W. Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK 73036, USA, jzhang@grl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1376 EP - 1385 VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17285283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Downscaling+Monthly+Forecasts+to+Simulate+Impacts+of+Climate+Change+on+Soil+Erosion+and+Wheat+Production&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X-C%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BGarbrecht%2C+J+D%3BSteiner%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=X-C&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urbanization on the US landscape: looking ahead in the 21st century AN - 17280575; 5892214 AB - Conversion of rural lands to urban and other built-up uses affects the mix of commodities and services produced from the global land base. In the United States, there was a 34% increase in the amount of land devoted to urban and built-up uses between 1982 and 1997. This increase came predominantly from the conversion of croplands and forestland, with the largest increases in developed area happening in the southern region of the country. In an analysis of drivers influencing developed land uses in the US, we found results that were consistent with hypothesized relationships, including significant increases in development as a result of increases in population density and personal income. From these results, we projected changes in potential future urbanization and development by 2025 given estimated increases in population and real personal income. The projections suggest continued urban expansion over the next 25 years, with the magnitude of increase varying by region. US developed area is projected to increase by 79%, raising the proportion of the total land base that is developed from 5.2 to 9.2%. Because much of the growth is expected in areas relatively stressed with respect to human-environment interactions, such as some coastal counties, implications for landscape and urban planning include potential impacts on sensitive watersheds, riparian areas, wildlife habitat, and water supplies. JF - Landscape and Urban Planning AU - Alig, R J AU - Kline, J D AU - Lichtenstein, M AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, ralig@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 219 EP - 234 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 69 IS - 2-3 SN - 0169-2046, 0169-2046 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Land use economics KW - Land allocation KW - Landscape planning KW - Urbanization trends and projections KW - Urbanization KW - Wildlife KW - Population density KW - Watersheds KW - Habitat KW - Water supplies KW - Land use KW - Urban planning KW - USA KW - Riparian environments KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04890:Planning/development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17280575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Urbanization+on+the+US+landscape%3A+looking+ahead+in+the+21st+century&rft.au=Alig%2C+R+J%3BKline%2C+J+D%3BLichtenstein%2C+M&rft.aulast=Alig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.issn=01692046&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.landurbplan.2003.07.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urban planning; Urbanization; Wildlife; Riparian environments; Population density; Habitat; Watersheds; Water supplies; Land use; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.07.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Converging patterns of uptake and hydraulic redistribution of soil water in contrasting woody vegetation types AN - 1666299625; 6028571 AB - We used concurrent measurements of soil water content and soil water potential ( psi sub(soil)) to assess the effects of psi sub(soil) on uptake and hydraulic redistribution (HR) of soil water by roots during seasonal drought cycles at six sites characterized by differences in the types and amounts of woody vegetation and in climate. The six sites included a semi-arid old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws & C. Laws) forest, a moist old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forest, a 24-year-old Douglas-fir forest and three Brazilian savanna sites differing in tree density. At all of the sites, HR was confined largely to the upper 60 cm of soil. There was a common threshold relationship between the relative magnitude of HR and psi sub(soil) among the six study sites. Below a threshold psi sub(soil) of about -0.4 MPa, overnight recharge of soil water storage increased sharply, and reached a maximum value of 80-90% over a range of psi sub(soil) from similar to -1.2 to -1.5 MPa. Although amounts of water hydraulically redistributed to the upper 60 cm of soil were relatively small (0 to 0.4 mm day super(-1)), they greatly reduced the rates of seasonal decline in psi sub(soil). The effectiveness of HR in delaying soil drying diminished with increasing sapwood area per ground area. The relationship between soil water utilization and psi sub(soil) in the 20-60-cm layer was nearly identical for all six sites. Soil water utilization varied with a surrogate measure of rhizosphere conductance in a similar manner at all six sites. The similarities in relationships between psi sub(soil) and HR, soil water utilization and relative rhizosphere conductance among the six sites, suggests that, despite probable differences in maximum rooting depth and density, there was a convergence in biophysical controls on soil water utilization and redistribution in the upper soil layers where the density of finer roots is greatest. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Meinzer, F C AU - Brooks, J R AU - Bucci, S AU - Goldstein, G AU - Scholz, F G AU - Warren, J M AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-4401, USA, fmeinzers.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 919 EP - 928 VL - 24 IS - 8 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Water depth KW - Recharge KW - Hydraulics KW - Pine trees KW - Conductance KW - Trees KW - Rhizosphere KW - Density KW - Vegetation KW - Drying KW - Soil-water-plant relationships KW - Roots KW - Soil water potential KW - Drought KW - Storage KW - Absorption KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1666299625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Converging+patterns+of+uptake+and+hydraulic+redistribution+of+soil+water+in+contrasting+woody+vegetation+types&rft.au=Meinzer%2C+F+C%3BBrooks%2C+J+R%3BBucci%2C+S%3BGoldstein%2C+G%3BScholz%2C+F+G%3BWarren%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Meinzer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=919&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Recharge; Water depth; Hydraulics; Pine trees; Trees; Conductance; Density; Rhizosphere; Roots; Soil-water-plant relationships; Drying; Vegetation; Soil water potential; Drought; Storage; Absorption ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of transpiration, sap flow and use of stored water in tropical forest canopy trees AN - 1666298935; 6028570 AB - In large trees, the daily onset of transpiration causes water to be withdrawn from internal storage compartments, resulting in lags between changes in transpiration and sap flow at the base of the tree. We measured time courses of sap flow, hydraulic resistance, plant water potential and stomatal resistance in co-occurring tropical forest canopy trees with trunk diameters ranging from 0.34-0.98 m, to determine how total daily water use and daily reliance on stored water scaled with size. We also examined the effects of scale and tree hydraulic properties on apparent time constants for changes in transpiration and water flow in response to fluctuating environmental variables. Time constants for water movement were estimated from whole-tree hydraulic resistance (R) and capacitance (C) using an electric circuit analogy, and from rates of change in water movement through intact trees. Total daily water use and reliance on stored water were strongly correlated with trunk diameter, independent of species. Although total daily withdrawal of water from internal storage increased with tree size, its relative contribution to the daily water budget ( similar to 10%) remained constant. Net withdrawal of water from storage ceased when upper branch water potential corresponded to the sapwood water potential ( psi sub(sw)) at which further withdrawal of water from sapwood would have caused psi sub(sw) to decline precipitously. Stomatal coordination of vapor and liquid phase resistances played a key role in limiting stored water use to a nearly constant fraction of total daily water use. Time constants for changes in transpiration, estimated as the product of whole-tree R and C, were similar among individuals ( similar to 0.53 h), indicating that R and C co-varied with tree size in an inverse manner. Similarly, time constants estimated from rates of change in crown and basal sap flux were nearly identical among individuals and therefore independent of tree size and species. JF - Tree Physiology AU - Meinzer, F C AU - James, SA AU - Goldstein, G AD - USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, fmeinzers.fed.us Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 901 EP - 909 VL - 24 IS - 8 SN - 0829-318X, 0829-318X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Trees KW - Hydraulic properties KW - Bases KW - Forests KW - Transpiration KW - Dynamics KW - Storage KW - Water use KW - Selective withdrawal KW - Resistance KW - Plant water potential KW - Flow discharge KW - Water potentials KW - Hydrologic budget KW - Fluctuations KW - Canopy KW - SW 0830:Evaporation and transpiration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1666298935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tree+Physiology&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+transpiration%2C+sap+flow+and+use+of+stored+water+in+tropical+forest+canopy+trees&rft.au=Meinzer%2C+F+C%3BJames%2C+SA%3BGoldstein%2C+G&rft.aulast=Meinzer&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tree+Physiology&rft.issn=0829318X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trees; Hydraulic properties; Bases; Forests; Transpiration; Dynamics; Storage; Water use; Selective withdrawal; Resistance; Flow discharge; Plant water potential; Water potentials; Hydrologic budget; Fluctuations; Canopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Projecting Large-Scale Area Changes in Land Use and Land Cover for Terrestrial Carbon Analyses AN - 16183267; 6018702 AB - One of the largest changes in US forest type areas over the last half-century has involved pine types in the South. The area of planted pine has increased more than 10-fold since 1950, mostly on private lands. Private landowners have responded to market incentives and government programs, including subsidized afforestation on marginal agricultural land. Timber harvest is a crucial disturbance affecting planted pine area, as other forest types are converted to planted pine after harvest. Conversely, however, many harvested pine plantations revert to other forest types, mainly due to passive regeneration behavior on nonindustrial private timberlands. We model land use and land cover changes as a basis for projecting future changes in planted pine area, to aid policy analysts concerned with mitigation activities for global climate change. Projections are prepared in two stages. Projected land use changes include deforestation due to pressures to develop rural land as the human population expands, which is a larger area than that converted from other rural lands (e.g., agriculture) to forestry. In the second stage, transitions among forest types are projected on land allocated to forestry. We consider reforestation, influences of timber harvest, and natural succession and disturbance processes. Baseline projections indicate a net increase of about 5.6 million ha in planted pine area in the South over the next 50 years, with a notable increase in sequestered carbon. Additional opportunities to expand pine plantation area warrant study of landowner behavior to aid in designing more effective incentives for inducing land use and land cover changes to help mitigate climate change and attain other goals. JF - Environmental Management AU - Alig, R J AU - Butler, B J AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 443 EP - 456 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Pines KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Terrestrial environments KW - Climatic changes KW - Forests KW - Plantations KW - Pinus KW - Land use KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Agricultural land KW - Behavior KW - Environment management KW - Harvesting KW - Environmental incentives KW - M3 1120:Land KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16183267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Projecting+Large-Scale+Area+Changes+in+Land+Use+and+Land+Cover+for+Terrestrial+Carbon+Analyses&rft.au=Alig%2C+R+J%3BButler%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Alig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9102-9 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/4033004/40330443.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Historical account; Agricultural land; Behavior; Terrestrial environments; Climatic changes; Forests; Plantations; Environment management; Environmental incentives; Ecosystem disturbance; Harvesting; Land use; Carbon sequestration; Pinus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9102-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of Organic and Inorganic Carbon and Nitrogen to Long-Term Grazing of the Shortgrass Steppe AN - 16180278; 6018706 AB - We investigated the influence of long-term (56 years) grazing on organic and inorganic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the plant-soil system (to 90 cm depth) in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado. Grazing treatments included continuous season-long (May-October) grazing by yearling heifers at heavy (60-75% utilization) and light (20-35% utilization) stocking rates, and nongrazed exclosures. The heavy stocking rate resulted in a plant community that was dominated (75% of biomass production) by the C sub(4) grass blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), whereas excluding livestock grazing increased the production of C sub(3) grasses and prickly pear cactus (Opuntia polycantha). Soil organic C (SOC) and organic N were not significantly different between the light grazing and nongrazed treatments, whereas the heavy grazing treatment was 7.5 Mg ha super(-1) higher in SOC than the nongrazed treatment. Lower ratios of net mineralized N to total organic N in both grazed compared to nongrazed treatments suggest that long-term grazing decreased the readily mineralizable fraction of soil organic matter. Heavy grazing affected soil inorganic C (SIC) more than the SOC. The heavy grazing treatment was 23.8 Mg ha super(-1) higher in total soil C (0-90 cm) than the nongrazed treatment, with 68% (16.3 Mg ha super(-1)) attributable to higher SIC, and 32% (7.5 Mg ha super(-1)) to higher SOC. These results emphasize the importance in semiarid and arid ecosystems of including inorganic C in assessments of the mass and distribution of plant-soil C and in evaluations of the impacts of grazing management on C sequestration. JF - Environmental Management AU - Reeder, J D AU - Schuman, GE AU - Morgan, JA AU - LeCain AD - Rangeland Resources Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA, jean.reeder@ans.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 485 EP - 495 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - grazing KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Bouteloua gracilis KW - Grazing KW - Grasses KW - Organic matter KW - Opuntia polycantha KW - Steppes KW - Opuntia KW - Livestock KW - Soil KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Grasslands KW - USA, Colorado KW - Plant communities KW - Inorganic carbon KW - Environment management KW - Nitrogen KW - D 04700:Management KW - M3 1120:Land KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16180278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Response+of+Organic+and+Inorganic+Carbon+and+Nitrogen+to+Long-Term+Grazing+of+the+Shortgrass+Steppe&rft.au=Reeder%2C+J+D%3BSchuman%2C+GE%3BMorgan%2C+JA%3BLeCain&rft.aulast=Reeder&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9106-5 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/4033004/40330485.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Historical account; Grasslands; Grasses; Grazing; Organic matter; Plant communities; Inorganic carbon; Environment management; Steppes; Livestock; Nitrogen; Carbon sequestration; Bouteloua gracilis; Opuntia polycantha; Opuntia; USA, Colorado DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Generation of reassortant influenza vaccines by reverse genetics that allows utilization of a DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) strategy for the control of avian influenza AN - 1500773517; 19046218 AB - Vaccination of poultry with inactivated influenza vaccine can be an effective tool in the control of avian influenza (AI). One major concern of using inactivated vaccine is vaccine-induced antibody interference with serologic surveillance and epidemiology. In the United States, low pathogenicity H5 and H7 subtype AI viruses have caused serious economic losses in the poultry industry. Most of these viruses also have the accompanying N2 subtype and no H5N1 or H7N8 subtype AI viruses have been identified in poultry in the US. In order to allow the Differentiation of Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) while maintaining maximum efficacy of the vaccine, we generated reassortant viruses by reverse genetics that contained the same H5 and H7 hemagglutinin (HA) gene as the challenge virus, but a heterologous N1 or N8 neuraminidase (NA) gene. In vaccination-challenge experiments in 2-week-old specific pathogen free chickens, reassortant influenza vaccines (rH5N1 and rH7N8) demonstrated similar antibody profiles and comparable protection rates as vaccines prepared with parent H5N2 and H7N2 viruses. Further, we were able to differentiate the sera from infected and vaccinated birds by neuraminidase inhibition test and indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay on the basis of different antibodies elicited by their NA proteins. These results demonstrate the usefulness of a reverse genetics system for the rapid generation of reassortant AI virus that allows utilization of the DIVA strategy for the control of AI infections in poultry. JF - Vaccine AU - Lee, Chang-Won AU - Senne, Dennis A AU - Suarez, David L AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 3175 EP - 3181 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 22 IS - 23 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Viruses KW - Infection KW - Influenza KW - Genetics KW - Differentiation KW - Pathogenicity KW - Economics KW - Exo- alpha -sialidase KW - Pathogens KW - Aves KW - Fowl plague KW - USA KW - Chickens KW - Antibodies KW - Specific pathogen free KW - Epidemiology KW - Proteins KW - Vaccines KW - G 07720:Immunogenetics KW - V 22410:Animal Diseases KW - F 06905:Vaccines KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1500773517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Generation+of+reassortant+influenza+vaccines+by+reverse+genetics+that+allows+utilization+of+a+DIVA+%28Differentiating+Infected+from+Vaccinated+Animals%29+strategy+for+the+control+of+avian+influenza&rft.au=Lee%2C+Chang-Won%3BSenne%2C+Dennis+A%3BSuarez%2C+David+L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Chang-Won&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=3175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2004.01.055 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-07-10 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Differentiation; Fowl plague; Antibodies; Poultry; Specific pathogen free; Pathogenicity; Epidemiology; Hemagglutinins; Economics; Exo- alpha -sialidase; Vaccines; Infection; Aves; Influenza; Animals; Genetics; Chickens; Viruses; Proteins; Pathogens; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.055 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nickel localization and response to increasing Ni soil levels in leaves of the Ni hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale AN - 1034814465; 17025800 AB - We have previously developed phytoremediation and phytomining technologies employing Alyssum Ni hyperaccumulators to quantitatively extract Ni from soils. Implementation of these technologies requires knowledge of Ni localization patterns for the Alyssum species/ecotypes of interest under realistic growth conditions. We investigated Ni uptake and localization in mature Alyssum murale 'Kotodesh' and 'AJ9c leaves. Seedlings were grown in potting mix with an increasing series of NiSO sub(4) addition (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mmol Ni kg super(-1)), NiC sub(4)H sub(6)O sub(4) addition (0, 5, 10, 30, 60, 90 mmol Ni kg super(-1)), in Ni-contaminated soil from metal refining operations, and serpentine soil. Plants at Ni levels 0, 5, 10, 20 mmolkg super(-1) and in native soils grew normally. Plants at 40 mmolkg super(-1) exhibited the onset of phytotoxicity, and 60, 80, and 90 mmolkg super(-1) were demonstrably phytotoxic, but symptoms of phytotoxicity abated within 6 months. Cryogenic complement fractures were made from frozen hydrated samples. High-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken of one half. The other half was freeze-dried and examined with SEM and semi-quantitative energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Ni was highly concentrated in epidermal cell vacuoles and Ni and S counts showed a positive correlation. Trichome pedicles and the epidermal tissue from which the trichome grows were primary Ni compartments, but Ni was not distributed throughout trichomes. Palisade and spongy mesophyll and guard/substomatal cells contained lesser Ni concentrations but palisade mesophyll was an increasingly important compartment as Ni soil levels increased. Ni was virtually excluded from vascular tissue and trichome rays. JF - Plant and Soil AU - Broadhurst, CLeigh AU - Chaney, Rufus L AU - Angle, JScott AU - Erbe, Eric F AU - Maugel, Timothy K AD - Animal Manure and Byproducts Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, US Department of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace Agricultural Research Center, Bldg. 007, 20705, Beltsville, MD, USA, broadhul@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 225 EP - 242 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 265 IS - 1-2 SN - 0032-079X, 0032-079X KW - Ecology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034814465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+and+Soil&rft.atitle=Nickel+localization+and+response+to+increasing+Ni+soil+levels+in+leaves+of+the+Ni+hyperaccumulator+Alyssum+murale&rft.au=Broadhurst%2C+CLeigh%3BChaney%2C+Rufus+L%3BAngle%2C+JScott%3BErbe%2C+Eric+F%3BMaugel%2C+Timothy+K&rft.aulast=Broadhurst&rft.aufirst=CLeigh&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=265&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+and+Soil&rft.issn=0032079X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11104-005-0974-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-10-08 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0974-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape distribution and characteristics of large hurricane-related canopy gaps in a southern Appalachian watershed AN - 19399229; 5961264 AB - Hurricane-related winds are a major source of disturbance in coastal ecosystems of the southern United States, but their effects on forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains, >400km inland, have seldom been documented. In October 1995, remnant winds of Hurricane Opal caused windthrow of individual and patches of trees throughout the mountainous region of western North Carolina, USA. The 2-day storm event was accompanied by over 150mm of precipitation and gusty, predominantly southeasterly winds with peak velocities at low elevations of up to 26m/s; peak velocities were over 40% greater at high elevations. In a landscape-scale case study, we spatially located the population of large canopy gaps (groups of 10 windthrown trees) within a 2400ha watershed to determine frequency of occurrence on basin and highland landscape types, dimensions, association with topographic features, and direction of treefall as a measure of wind vectors. The distribution of large gaps was not random within the watershed and occurred at an average density of 1 per 39ha in the basin (elevation 700m), which is characterized by hills of low relief and soils with high clay content. In comparison, gap density averaged 1 per 192ha on the surrounding highlands (elevation >700m) of high relief and soils with low clay content. Gaps on both landscape types occurred with greater frequency on sites of southeasterly aspect. Sizes of large canopy gaps ranged from 0.1 to 3.9ha (average 0.7ha) and were not correlated with landscape type or topography. Gap shape tended to be linear and averaged 2.3 times longer than wide. Direction of mean treefall among gaps was predominantly northwesterly and was strongly associated with aspect on highland, but less so in basin landscape types. Variation in mean treefall direction among gaps suggests that gaps were created by individual gusts of high-velocity, linear winds. A logistic discriminant model based on elevation, azimuth, and slope gradient correctly classified 78% of the study sites. However, gap size and association with topographic features were similar between basin and highland landscapes. Although the southern Appalachian Mountain region is over 400km from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, results from our study suggest that strong winds from hurricane remnants can influence forest structure, with greater impacts on basin than highland landscapes. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - McNab, W H AU - Greenberg, CH AU - Berg, E C AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1577 Brevard Road, Asheville, NC 28806, USA, hmcnab@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 26 SP - 435 EP - 447 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 196 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Gaps KW - Ecosystems KW - Trees KW - Gusts KW - Basins KW - Forests KW - Watersheds KW - Storms KW - Wind speed KW - Hurricane damage KW - Canopies KW - Wind vectors KW - Topography KW - Strong winds KW - Hurricane winds KW - ANW, USA, North Carolina KW - Topographic features KW - Treefall KW - Precipitation KW - Wind direction KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Hurricanes KW - Forest ecology KW - Mountain regions KW - M2 551.515.2:Cyclones Hurricanes Typhoons (551.515.2) KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19399229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Landscape+distribution+and+characteristics+of+large+hurricane-related+canopy+gaps+in+a+southern+Appalachian+watershed&rft.au=McNab%2C+W+H%3BGreenberg%2C+CH%3BBerg%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-07-26&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2004.04.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hurricanes; Topographic features; Gusts; Forests; Canopies; Wind vectors; Watersheds; Gaps; Treefall; Trees; Basins; Wind speed; Hurricane damage; Ecosystems; Forest ecology; Mountain regions; Precipitation; Wind direction; Storms; Hurricane winds; Strong winds; Topography; ASW, Mexico Gulf; USA, North Carolina; ANW, USA, North Carolina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.04.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin-ortho-phthalaldehyde derivative is stabilized at low temperature. AN - 71976712; 15171945 AB - Fumonisins are water soluble mycotoxins produced by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides (formerly F. moniliforme). Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) is a diester of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid and 2-amino-12, 16-dimethyl-3,5,10,14,15-pentahydroxyeicosane, and is the most abundant of the naturally occurring fumonisins. Upon removal of the two tricarballylic acid side chains, the structure is referred to as hydrolyzed FB(1) (HFB(1)). FB(1) and HFB(1) are structurally similar to sphinganine, a sphingoid base. The fumonisins do not absorb UV light or fluoresce; therefore, derivatizing reagents are used for detection when separation is by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The standard derivatizing reagent used for HPLC is ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) plus 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) reaction partner, however, the OPA-FB(1) derivative is not stable at room temperature. The objectives of this study were to: (1). determine the effect of temperature on the stability of the OPA-FB(1) derivative and (2). determine which structural characteristics of FB(1) contribute to the instability of the OPA-FB(1) derivative. The results indicate that OPA-FB(1), OPA-FB(3) and OPA-HFB(1) derivatives are unstable at 24 degrees C but that their stability improves significantly at 4 degrees C. The OPA-sphinganine derivative is stable for at least 24h at 24 degrees C. Thus, the instability of the OPA-FB(1) derivative may be attributed to its lack of a hydroxyl group at the carbon 1 position. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Williams, Lonnie D AU - Meredith, Filmore I AU - Riley, Ronald T AD - Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA, ARS, RRC, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA. Y1 - 2004/07/05/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 05 SP - 311 EP - 314 VL - 806 IS - 2 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - o-Phthalaldehyde KW - 643-79-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fluorescence KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - o-Phthalaldehyde -- chemistry KW - Cold Temperature KW - Fumonisins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71976712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Fumonisin-ortho-phthalaldehyde+derivative+is+stabilized+at+low+temperature.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Lonnie+D%3BMeredith%2C+Filmore+I%3BRiley%2C+Ronald+T&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Lonnie&rft.date=2004-07-05&rft.volume=806&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adoption of agroforestry innovations in the tropics: A review AN - 918040003; 13662939 AB - The period since the early 1990s has witnessed an explosion of research on the adoption of agroforestry innovations in the tropics. Much of this work was motivated by a perceived gap between advances in agroforestry science and the success of agroforestry-based development programs and projects. Achieving the full promise of agroforestry requires a fundamental understanding of how and why farmers make long-term land-use decisions and applying this knowledge to the design, development, and 'marketing' of agroforestry innovations. This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature that has developed during the past decade analyzing agroforestry adoption from a variety of perspectives and identifies needed future research. Much progress has been made, especially in using binary choice regression models to assess influences of farm and household characteristics on adoption and in developing ex-ante participatory, on-farm research methods for analyzing the potential adoptability of agroforestry innovations. Additional research-needs that have been identified include developing a better understanding of the role of risk and uncertainty, insights into how and why farmers adapt and modify adopted systems, factors influencing the intensity of adoption, village-level and spatial analyses of adoption, the impacts of disease such as AIDS and malaria on adoption, and the temporal path of adoption. JF - Agroforestry Systems AU - Mercer, DE AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3041 Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12254 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, emercer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 311 EP - 328 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 61-62 IS - 1-3 SN - 0167-4366, 0167-4366 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Environment Abstracts KW - spatial analysis KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - Resource management KW - Human diseases KW - marketing KW - Malaria KW - Explosions KW - agroforestry KW - Public health KW - Literature reviews KW - Perception KW - Reviews KW - malaria KW - Tropical environments KW - Marketing KW - innovations KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918040003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.atitle=Adoption+of+agroforestry+innovations+in+the+tropics%3A+A+review&rft.au=Mercer%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Mercer&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=61-62&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agroforestry+Systems&rft.issn=01674366&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AAGFO.0000029007.85754.70 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Resource management; Literature reviews; Marketing; Malaria; Explosions; Public health; spatial analysis; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; marketing; Perception; malaria; Reviews; Tropical environments; innovations; agroforestry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:AGFO.0000029007.85754.70 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial Poly(Hydroxyalkanoate) Polymer Production from the Biodiesel Co-product Stream AN - 831180072; 13882642 AB - A co-product stream from soy-based biodiesel production (CSBP) containing glycerol, fatty acid soaps, and residual fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) was utilized as a fermentation feedstock for the bacterial synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (mcl-PHA) polymers. Pseudomonas oleovorans NRRL B-14682 and P. corrugata 388 grew and synthesized PHB and mcl-PHA, respectively, when cultivated in up to 5% (w/v) CSBP. In shake flask culture, P. oleovorans grew to 1.3 c 0.1 g/L (PHA cellular productivity = 13-27% of the bacterial cell dry weight; CDW) regardless of the initial CSBP concentration, whereas P. corrugata reached maximum cell yields of 2.1 g/L at 1% CSBP, which tapered off to 1.7 g/L as the CSBP media concentration was increased to 5% (maximum PHA cellular productivity = 42% of the CDW at 3% CSBP). While P. oleovorans synthesized PHB from CSBP, P. corrugata produced mcl-PHA consisting primarily of 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid (C sub(8:0); 39 c 2 mol%), 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (C sub(10:0); 26 c 2 mol%) and 3-hydroxytetradecadienoic acid (C sub(14:2); 15 c 1 mol%). The molar mass (M sub(n)) of the PHB polymer decreased by 53% as the initial CSBP culture concentration was increased from 1% to 5% (w/v). In contrast, the M sub(n) of the mcl-PHA polymer produced by P. corrugata remained constant over the range of CSBP concentrations used. JF - Journal of Polymers and the Environment AU - Ashby, Richard D AU - Solaiman, Daniel KY AU - Foglia, Thomas A AD - Fats, Oils and Animal Coproducts Research Unit ERRC,United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, rashby@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 105 EP - 112 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 1566-2543, 1566-2543 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacteria KW - Fermentation KW - Cell culture KW - Streams KW - Glycerol KW - Fatty acids KW - fatty acid methyl esters KW - Diesel KW - Soaps KW - Pseudomonas oleovorans KW - Manganese KW - Biofuels KW - Media (culture) KW - A 01310:Products of Microorganisms KW - J 02450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/831180072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Bacterial+Poly%28Hydroxyalkanoate%29+Polymer+Production+from+the+Biodiesel+Co-product+Stream&rft.au=Ashby%2C+Richard+D%3BSolaiman%2C+Daniel+KY%3BFoglia%2C+Thomas+A&rft.aulast=Ashby&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15662543&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOOE.0000038541.54263.d9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glycerol; Fermentation; fatty acid methyl esters; Fatty acids; Diesel; Cell culture; Soaps; Manganese; Streams; Media (culture); Biofuels; Bacteria; Pseudomonas oleovorans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOOE.0000038541.54263.d9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The antiatherogenic potential of oat phenolic compounds. AN - 72003634; 15186945 AB - Avenanthramides are phenolic antioxidants, which are present in oats. Avenanthramides A, B, and C are the major constituents of the total soluble antioxidant phenolic compounds in oats. We tested the potential antiatherogenic activity of partially purified avenanthramides from oats by examining their effects on adhesion of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) monolayers, expression of adhesion molecules, and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by HAEC. The oat avenanthramides mixture was prepared and partially purified by column chromatography. This avenanthramide-enriched mixture (AEM) had no toxicity to HAEC as tested up to 40 ng/ml. The pre-incubation of HAEC with 4, 20, and 40ng/ml AEM for 24h significantly decreased adhesion of U937 monocytic cells to interleukin (IL)-1beta-stimulated HAEC in a concentration-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of HAEC with AEM at 20 and 40 microg/ml, but not at 4 microg/ml, for 24h significantly suppressed IL-1beta-stimulated expressions of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, chemokines IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. These data provide evidence for the potential anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects of antioxidant avenanthramides present in oats. JF - Atherosclerosis AU - Liu, Liping AU - Zubik, Ligia AU - Collins, F William AU - Marko, Melissa AU - Meydani, Mohsen AD - Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 39 EP - 49 VL - 175 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9150, 0021-9150 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Benzoates KW - Cell Adhesion Molecules KW - Cytokines KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - Phenols KW - Plant Extracts KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Monocytes -- physiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Cell Adhesion Molecules -- metabolism KW - Cytokines -- metabolism KW - Cell Adhesion -- drug effects KW - Cell Line KW - Inflammation Mediators -- metabolism KW - Avena -- chemistry KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- metabolism KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- toxicity KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Arteriosclerosis -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- physiopathology KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry KW - Benzoates -- pharmacology KW - Arteriosclerosis -- physiopathology KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Benzoates -- chemistry KW - Phenols -- chemistry KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Antioxidants -- chemistry KW - Benzoates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72003634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atherosclerosis&rft.atitle=The+antiatherogenic+potential+of+oat+phenolic+compounds.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Liping%3BZubik%2C+Ligia%3BCollins%2C+F+William%3BMarko%2C+Melissa%3BMeydani%2C+Mohsen&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Liping&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atherosclerosis&rft.issn=00219150&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ambient ozone in forests of the Central and Eastern European mountains. AN - 71764192; 15046836 AB - Ambient ozone (O(3)) concentrations in the forested areas of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) mountains measured on passive sampler networks and in several locations equipped with active monitors are reviewed. Some areas of the Carpathian Mountains, especially in Romania and parts of Poland, as well as the Sumava and Brdy Mountains in the Czech Republic are characterized by low European background concentrations of the pollutant (summer season means approximately 30 ppb). Other parts of the Carpathians, especially the western part of the range (Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Poland), some of the Eastern (Ukraine) and Southern (Romania) Carpathians and the Jizerske Mountains have high O(3) levels with peak values >100 ppb and seasonal means approximately 50 ppb. Large portions of the CEE mountain forests experience O(3) exposures that are above levels recommended for protection of forest and natural vegetation. Continuation of monitoring efforts with a combination of active monitors and passive samplers is needed for developing risk assessment scenarios for forests and other natural areas of the CEE Region. JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Bytnerowicz, A AU - Godzik, B AU - Grodzińska, K AU - Fraczek, W AU - Musselman, R AU - Manning, W AU - Badea, O AU - Popescu, F AU - Fleischer, P AD - USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA, USA. abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 5 EP - 16 VL - 130 IS - 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Europe, Eastern KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Seasons KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- toxicity KW - Ozone -- analysis KW - Trees -- chemistry KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- analysis KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71764192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Ambient+ozone+in+forests+of+the+Central+and+Eastern+European+mountains.&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+A%3BGodzik%2C+B%3BGrodzi%C5%84ska%2C+K%3BFraczek%2C+W%3BMusselman%2C+R%3BManning%2C+W%3BBadea%2C+O%3BPopescu%2C+F%3BFleischer%2C+P&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of air pollution on the Central and Eastern European mountain forests. AN - 71764146; 15046835 JF - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) AU - Bytnerowicz, Andrzej AU - Musselman, Robert AU - Szaro, Robert AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1 EP - 3 VL - 130 IS - 1 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - 0 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Europe, Eastern KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- toxicity KW - Air Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Trees -- drug effects KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71764146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+air+pollution+on+the+Central+and+Eastern+European+mountain+forests.&rft.au=Bytnerowicz%2C+Andrzej%3BMusselman%2C+Robert%3BSzaro%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Bytnerowicz&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+pollution+%28Barking%2C+Essex+%3A+1987%29&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discontinuous distribution of fumonisin biosynthetic genes in the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. AN - 66909969; 15446715 AB - Production of the carcinogenic mycotoxins fumonisins has been reported in several Fusarium species, most of which are members of the Gibberella fujikuroi (Gf) complex. In this study, we examined 15 Fusarium species in the Gf complex and 12 other species for fumonisin production and the presence of fumonisin biosynthetic genes (FUM). Among the species within the Gf complex, fumonisin production was detected only in F. fujikuroi, F. globosum, F. proliferatum, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum and F. verticillioides. These five species include members of two of the three major clades delineated in the Gf complex. The FUM genes were detected in these same five species and in F. anthophilum, a member of the third clade. Among the species outside the Gf complex, fumonisin production and FUM genes were detected only in F. oxysporum. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences from two FUM gene fragments inferred relationships similar but not identical to those inferred from previous analyses of other genes. The results indicate the FUM genes are discontinuously distributed in the Gf complex and that this distribution gives rise to the differences in the abilities of closely related Fusarium species to produce fumonisins. JF - Mycological research AU - Proctor, Robert H AU - Plattner, Ronald D AU - Brown, Daren W AU - Seo, Jeong-Ah AU - Lee, Yin-Won AD - USDA Agriculture Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604-3999, USA. proctorh@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 815 EP - 822 VL - 108 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Fumonisins KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Species Specificity KW - Gibberella -- classification KW - Gibberella -- metabolism KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Gibberella -- genetics KW - Fumonisins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66909969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+research&rft.atitle=Discontinuous+distribution+of+fumonisin+biosynthetic+genes+in+the+Gibberella+fujikuroi+species+complex.&rft.au=Proctor%2C+Robert+H%3BPlattner%2C+Ronald+D%3BBrown%2C+Daren+W%3BSeo%2C+Jeong-Ah%3BLee%2C+Yin-Won&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=&rft.spage=815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory evaluation of mosquito repellents against Aedes albopictus, Culex nigripalpus, and Ochierotatus triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae). AN - 66790746; 15311467 AB - Four synthetic mosquito repellents (Autan [10% KBR3023], IR3535 [7.5%], Off! [15% deet], Skinsations [7% deet]) and eight natural (primarily plant extracts and/or essential oils) product-based repellents (Bite Blocker [2% soybean oil], ByGone, GonE!, Natrapel [10% citronella], Neem Aura, Sunswat, MosquitoSafe [25% geraniol], and Repel [26% p-menthane-3,8-diol]) were tested in the laboratory against Aedes albopictus Skuse, Culex nigripalpus Theobald, and Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Say). When estimated mean protection time (eMPT) responses for each repellent were averaged for all three mosquito species, Autan, Bite Blocker, Off!, and Repel prevented biting for > or =7.2 h; IR3535, MosquitoSafe, and Skinsations for 3.2-4.8 h; and ByGone, Natrapel, GonE, NeemAura, and SunSwat for 0.9-2.3 h. Against Ae. albopictus, the eMPT for Off! and Repel exceeded 7.0 h and ranged from 5.0 to 5.7 h for Autan, Bite Blocker, and Skinsations. Bygone, GonE, NeemAura, and SunSwat provided 0.2 h protection against Ae. albopictus and Oc. triseriatus, whereas Autan, Bite Blocker, Off., and Repel prevented bites by Oc. triseriatus for > or =7.3 h. All 12 repellents provided an eMPT > or =2.8 h against Cx. nigripalpus (maximum: 8.5 h for Bite Blocker). When the average eMPT for each repellent (for all species) was divided by the eMPT for 7% deet (Skinsations), the order of repellent effectiveness and the corresponding repellency index (R,) was Repel (1.7) > Bite Blocker (1.5) = Autan (1.5) = Off! (1.5) > Skinsations (1.0) > IR3535 (0.8) > MosquitoSafe (0.6) > Natrapel (0.5) > Neem Aura (0.3) = SunSwat (0.3) = Bygone (0.3) > GonE (0.2). JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Barnard, Donald R AU - Xue, Rui-De AD - USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32604, USA. dbarnard@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 726 EP - 730 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Plant Extracts KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Culex KW - Aedes KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Culicidae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66790746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Laboratory+evaluation+of+mosquito+repellents+against+Aedes+albopictus%2C+Culex+nigripalpus%2C+and+Ochierotatus+triseriatus+%28Diptera%3A+Culicidae%29.&rft.au=Barnard%2C+Donald+R%3BXue%2C+Rui-De&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of culture media for detecting airborne Salmonella enteritidis collected with an electrostatic sampling device from the environment of experimentally infected laying hens. AN - 66761691; 15285500 AB - Detection of Salmonella enteritidis in the environment of commercial laying hens is critical for reducing the production of contaminated eggs by infected flocks. In the present study, an inexpensive and portable electrostatic air sampling device was used to collect S. enteritidis in rooms containing experimentally infected laying hens. After hens were orally inoculated with a phage type 13a S. enteritidis strain and housed in individual cages, air samples were collected 3 times each week with electrostatic devices onto plates of 6 types of culture media (brilliant green agar, modified lysine iron agar, modified semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis agar, Rambach agar, XLD agar, and XLT4 agar). Air sampling plates were incubated at 37 degrees C, examined visually for presumptive identification of typical S. enteritidis colonies and then subjected to confirmatory enrichment culturing. Air samples (collected using all 6 culture media) were positive for S. enteritidis for 3 wk postinoculation. Because visual determination of the presence or absence of typical S. enteritidis colonies on air sampling plates was not consistently confirmed by enrichment culturing, the postenrichment results were used for comparing sampling strategies. The frequency of positive air sampling results using brilliant green agar (66.7% overall) was significantly greater than was obtained using most other media. A combination of several plating media (brilliant green agar, modified lysine iron agar, and XLT4 agar) allowed detection of airborne S. enteritidis at an overall frequency of 83.3% over the 3 wk of sampling. When used with appropriate culture media, electrostatic collection of airborne S. enteritidis can provide a sensitive alternative to traditional methods for detecting this pathogen in the environment of laying flocks. JF - Poultry science AU - Gast, R K AU - Mitchell, B W AU - Holt, P S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. rgast@seprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1106 EP - 1111 VL - 83 IS - 7 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Static Electricity KW - Animals KW - Housing, Animal KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Oviposition KW - Female KW - Salmonella Infections, Animal -- microbiology KW - Chickens KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- growth & development KW - Poultry Diseases -- microbiology KW - Air Microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66761691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+culture+media+for+detecting+airborne+Salmonella+enteritidis+collected+with+an+electrostatic+sampling+device+from+the+environment+of+experimentally+infected+laying+hens.&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BMitchell%2C+B+W%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tebuconazole dissipation and metabolism in Tifton loamy sand during laboratory incubationt. AN - 66721046; 15260303 AB - The fungicide tebuconazole is widely used to control soil-borne and foliar diseases in peanuts and other crops. No published data are currently available on the extent and rate at which this compound degrades in soil. Unpublished data summarized in registration documents suggest that the compound is persistent, with 300-600 days half-life. We conducted a 63-day laboratory incubation to evaluate tebuconazole's dissipation kinetics and impact on soil microbial activity in Tifton loamy sand. Tifton soils support extensive peanut production in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of Georgia and Alabama. Products containing tebuconazole are applied to an estimated 50% of the peanut acreage in the region. At the end of the incubation, 43 (+/-42)% of the parent compound was recovered in soil extracts. The first-order kinetic model, which gave a good fit to the dissipation data (r2 = 0.857), yielded a soil half-life (t1/2) of 49 days. This is 6-12 times more rapid than t1/2 values described in unpublished tebuconazole registration documents. Four degradates were identified. Tentative structural assignments indicated that degradates were derived from hydroxylation of the parent compound and/or chlorophenyl ring cleavage. Cleavage products showed a steady increase during the incubation, and on a molar basis were equal to 63% of the time zero tebuconazole concentration. No significant effect on soil microbial biomass was observed, indicating that when the compound is applied at normal agronomic rate it does not impact soil metabolic activity. Use of the soil-half life data derived in this study should improve the accuracy oftebuconazole fate assessments for Coastal Plain peanut production. The study also indicated that environmental assessment of selected degradates may be needed to fully evaluate risks of tebuconazole use. JF - Pest management science AU - Strickland, Timothy C AU - Potter, Thomas L AU - Joo, Hyun AD - Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 946, Tifton, GA 31793, USA. tstrickland@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 703 EP - 709 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Soil KW - Triazoles KW - tebuconazole KW - 401ATW8TRW KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Clinical Laboratory Techniques KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Cell Respiration -- physiology KW - Half-Life KW - Kinetics KW - Carbon -- metabolism KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - Biomass KW - Incubators -- microbiology KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- chemistry KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Triazoles -- chemistry KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- metabolism KW - Triazoles -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66721046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Tebuconazole+dissipation+and+metabolism+in+Tifton+loamy+sand+during+laboratory+incubationt.&rft.au=Strickland%2C+Timothy+C%3BPotter%2C+Thomas+L%3BJoo%2C+Hyun&rft.aulast=Strickland&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between soil test phosphorus and phosphorus in runoff: effects of soil series variability. AN - 66716461; 15254128 AB - Phosphorus loss in runoff from agricultural fields has been identified as an important contributor to eutrophication. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between phosphorus (P) in runoff from a benchmark soil (Cecil sandy loam; fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) and Mehlich III-, deionized water-, and Fe(2)O(3)-extractable soil P, and degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS). Additionally, the value of including other soil properties in P loss prediction equations was evaluated. Simulated rainfall was applied (75 mm h(-1)) to 54 1-m(2) plots installed on six fields with different soil test phosphorus (STP) levels. Runoff was collected in its entirety for 30 min and analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP). Soil samples were collected from 0- to 2-, 0- to 5-, and 0- to 10-cm depths. The strongest correlation for total P and DRP occurred with DPS (r(2) = 0.72). Normalizing DRP by runoff depth resulted in improved correlation with deionized water-extractable P for the 0- to 10-cm sampling depth (r(2) = 0.81). The STP levels were not different among sampling depths and analysis of the regression equations revealed that soil sampling depth had no effect on the relationship between STP and P in runoff. For all forms of P in runoff and STP measures, the relationship between STP and runoff P was much stronger when the data were split into groups based on the ratio of oxalate-extractable Fe to Al. For all forms of P in runoff and all STP methods, R(2) increased with the inclusion of oxalate-extractable Al and Fe in the regression equation. The results of this study indicate that inclusion of site-specific information about soil Al and Fe content can improve the relationship between STP and runoff P. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Schroeder, Philip D AU - Radcliffe, David E AU - Cabrera, Miguel L AU - Belew, Carolee D AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA. schroeder@nstl.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1452 EP - 1463 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Soil KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Reference Values KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Water Movements KW - Rain KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66716461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+soil+test+phosphorus+and+phosphorus+in+runoff%3A+effects+of+soil+series+variability.&rft.au=Schroeder%2C+Philip+D%3BRadcliffe%2C+David+E%3BCabrera%2C+Miguel+L%3BBelew%2C+Carolee+D&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen cycling through swine production systems: ammonia, dinitrogen, and nitrous oxide emissions. AN - 66716360; 15254100 AB - Ammonia (NH(3)) emissions from animal systems have become a primary concern for all of livestock production. The purpose of this research was to establish the relationship of nitrogen (N) emissions to specific components of swine production systems and to determine accurate NH(3) emission factors appropriate for the regional climate, geography, and production systems. Micrometeorological instrumentation and gas sensors were placed over two lagoons in North Carolina during 1997-1999 to obtain information for determining ammonia emissions over extended periods and without interfering with the surrounding climate. Ammonia emissions varied diurnally and seasonally and were related to lagoon ammonium concentration, acidity, temperature, and wind turbulence. Conversion of significant quantities of ammonium NH(4)(+) to dinitrogen gas (N(2)) were measured in all lagoons with the emission rate largely dependent on NH(4)(+) concentration. Lagoon NH(4)(+) conversion to N(2) accounted for the largest loss component of the N entering the farm (43% as N(2)); however, small amounts of N(2)O were emitted from the lagoon (0.1%) and from field applications (0.05%) when effluent was applied nearby. In disagreement with previous and current estimates of NH(3) emissions from confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) systems, and invalidating current assumptions that most or all emissions are in the form of NH(3), we found much smaller NH(3) emissions from animal housing (7%), lagoons (8%), and fields (2%) using independent measurements of N transformation and transport. Nitrogen input and output in the production system were evaluated, and 95% of input N was accounted for as output N from the system. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Harper, Lowry A AU - Sharpe, Ron R AU - Parkin, Tim B AU - De Visscher, Alex AU - van Cleemput, Oswald AU - Byers, F Michael AD - Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Unit, JPCSNRCC, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA. Harper@uga.edu PY - 2004 SP - 1189 EP - 1201 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Nitrous Oxide KW - K50XQU1029 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Waste Disposal, Fluid KW - Animal Husbandry KW - Volatilization KW - Swine KW - Nitrogen -- chemistry KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism KW - Nitrous Oxide -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66716360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+cycling+through+swine+production+systems%3A+ammonia%2C+dinitrogen%2C+and+nitrous+oxide+emissions.&rft.au=Harper%2C+Lowry+A%3BSharpe%2C+Ron+R%3BParkin%2C+Tim+B%3BDe+Visscher%2C+Alex%3Bvan+Cleemput%2C+Oswald%3BByers%2C+F+Michael&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Lowry&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of phosphorus transport in surface runoff from packed soil boxes. AN - 66714196; 15254124 AB - Evaluation of phosphorus (P) management strategies to protect water quality has largely relied on research using simulated rainfall to generate runoff from either field plots or shallow boxes packed with soil. Runoff from unmanured, grassed field plots (1 m wide x 2 m long, 3-8% slope) and bare soil boxes (0.2 m wide and 1 m long, 3% slope) was compared using rainfall simulation (75 mm h(-1)) standardized by 30-min runoff duration (rainfall averaged 55 mm for field plots and 41 mm for packed boxes). Packed boxes had lower infiltration (1.2 cm) and greater runoff (2.9 cm) and erosion (542 kg ha(-1)) than field plots (3.7 cm infiltration; 1.8 cm runoff; 149 kg ha(-1) erosion), yielding greater total phosphorus (TP) losses in runoff. Despite these differences, regressions of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in runoff and Mehlich-3 soil P were consistent between field plots and packed boxes reflecting similar buffering by soils and sediments. A second experiment compared manured boxes of 5- and 25-cm depths to determine if variable hydrology based on box depth influenced P transport. Runoff properties did not differ significantly between box depths before or after broadcasting dairy, poultry, or swine manure (100 kg TP ha(-1)). Water-extractable phosphorus (WEP) from manures dominated runoff P, and translocation of manure P into soil was consistent between box types. This study reveals the practical, but limited, comparability of field plot and soil box data, highlighting soil and sediment buffering in unamended soils and manure WEP in amended soils as dominant controls of DRP transport. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Kleinman, Peter J A AU - Sharpley, Andrew N AU - Veith, Tamie L AU - Maguire, Rory O AU - Vadas, Peter A AD - USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems, Watershed Management Research Unit, 3702 Curtin Road, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA. kleinman@ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1413 EP - 1423 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Environment Design KW - Water Movements KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Rain KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66714196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+phosphorus+transport+in+surface+runoff+from+packed+soil+boxes.&rft.au=Kleinman%2C+Peter+J+A%3BSharpley%2C+Andrew+N%3BVeith%2C+Tamie+L%3BMaguire%2C+Rory+O%3BVadas%2C+Peter+A&rft.aulast=Kleinman&rft.aufirst=Peter+J&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colloidal phosphorus in surface runoff and water extracts from semiarid soils of the western United States. AN - 66714124; 15254129 AB - Colloidal particles in runoff may have an important role in P transfer from soils to waterbodies, but remain poorly understood. We investigated colloidal molybdate-reactive phosphorus (MRP) in surface runoff and water extracts of calcareous arable soils from the semiarid western United States. Colloidal MRP was determined by ultrafiltration and operationally defined as MRP associated with particles between 1 microm and 1 nm diameter, although a smaller pore-size filter (0.3 nm) was used to define the lower size limit of colloids in water extracts. In surface runoff from three calcareous soils generated by simulated sprinkler irrigation, colloidal MRP concentrations ranged between 0.16 and 3.07 microM, constituting between 11 and 56% of the MRP in the <1-microm fraction. Concentrations were strongly correlated with agronomic and environmental soil-test P concentrations for individual soils. Water extracts of a range of similar soils contained two size fractions of colloidal MRP: a larger fraction (1.0-0.2 microm) probably associated with fine clays, and a smaller fraction (3-0.3 nm) probably associated with Ca-phosphate minerals. Colloidal MRP was solubilized in the acidic medium of the colorimetric detection procedure, suggesting that a fraction of the filterable MRP in runoff from calcareous soils may not be as readily bioavailable as free phosphate in waterbodies. Our results suggest that colloidal MRP is an important but poorly understood component of P transfer in runoff from calcareous western U.S. soils and should be given greater consideration in mechanistic studies of the P transfer process. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Turner, Benjamin L AU - Kay, Mary A AU - Westermann, Dale T AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83341, USA. bturner@ifas.ufl.edu PY - 2004 SP - 1464 EP - 1472 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Colloids KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants KW - molybdate KW - 14259-85-9 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Molybdenum KW - 81AH48963U KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Particle Size KW - Water Movements KW - Molybdenum -- chemistry KW - Biological Availability KW - Phosphorus -- chemistry KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66714124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Colloidal+phosphorus+in+surface+runoff+and+water+extracts+from+semiarid+soils+of+the+western+United+States.&rft.au=Turner%2C+Benjamin+L%3BKay%2C+Mary+A%3BWestermann%2C+Dale+T&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ammonia volatilization from surface-applied poultry litter under conservation tillage management practices. AN - 66714089; 15254099 AB - Land application of poultry litter can provide essential plant nutrients for crop production, but ammonia (NH(3)) volatilization from the litter can be detrimental to the environment. A multiseason study was conducted to quantify NH(3) volatilization rates from surface-applied poultry litter under no-till and paraplowed conservation tillage managements. Litter was applied to supply 90 to 140 kg N ha(-1). Evaluation of NH(3) volatilization was determined using gas concentrations and the flux-gradient gas transport technique using the momentum balance transport coefficient. Ammonia fluxes ranged from 3.3 to 24% of the total N applied during the winter and summer, respectively. Ammonia volatilization was rapid immediately after litter application and stopped within 7 to 8 d. Precipitation of 17 mm essentially halted volatilization, probably by transporting litter N into the soil matrix. Application of poultry to conservation-tilled cropland immediately before rainfall events would reduce N losses to the atmosphere but could also increase NO(3) leaching and runoff to streams and rivers. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Sharpe, R R AU - Schomberg, H H AU - Harper, L A AU - Endale, D M AU - Jenkins, M B AU - Franzluebbers, A J AD - Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA. rsharpe@uga.edu PY - 2004 SP - 1183 EP - 1188 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Manure KW - Soil KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Agriculture KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Seasons KW - Volatilization KW - Rain KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Ammonia -- chemistry KW - Refuse Disposal KW - Conservation of Natural Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66714089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Ammonia+volatilization+from+surface-applied+poultry+litter+under+conservation+tillage+management+practices.&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+R+R%3BSchomberg%2C+H+H%3BHarper%2C+L+A%3BEndale%2C+D+M%3BJenkins%2C+M+B%3BFranzluebbers%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus distribution in dairy manures. AN - 66713761; 15254135 AB - The chemical composition of manure P is a key factor determining its potential bioavailability and susceptibility to runoff. The distribution of P forms in 13 dairy manures was investigated with sequential fractionation coupled with orthophosphate-releasing enzymatic hydrolysis. Among the 13 dairy manures, manure total P varied between 4100 and 18,300 mg kg(-1) dry matter (DM). Water-extractable P was the largest fraction, with inorganic phosphorus (P(i)) accounting for 12 to 44% of manure total P (1400-6800 mg kg(-1)) and organic phosphorus (P(o)) for 2 to 23% (130-1660 mg kg(-1)), respectively. In the NaHCO(3) fraction, P(i) varied between 740 and 4200 mg P kg(-1) DM (4-44% of total manure P), and P(o) varied between 340 and 1550 mg P kg(-1) DM (2-27% of total manure P). In the NaOH fraction, P(i) fluctuated around 200 mg P kg(-1) DM, and P(o) ranged from 130 to 630 mg P kg(-1) DM. Of the enzymatically hydrolyzable P(o) in the three fractions, phytate-like P dominated, measuring 26 to 605 mg kg(-1) DM, whereas monoester P and DNA-like P were relatively low and less variable. Although concentrations of various P forms varied considerably, significant correlations between manure total P and certain P forms were observed. For example, H(2)O-extracted P(i) was correlated with total manure P (R(2) = 0.62), and so was NaOH-extracted P(o) (R(2) = 0.81). Data also show that the amount of P released by a single extraction with sodium acetate (100 mM, pH 5.0) was equivalent to the sum of P in all three fractions (H(2)O-, NaHCO(3)-, and NaOH-extractable P). Thus, a single extraction by sodium acetate buffer could provide an efficient evaluation of plant-available P in animal manure, while the sequential fractionation approach provides more detailed characterization of manure P. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - He, Zhongqi AU - Griffin, Timothy S AU - Honeycutt, C Wayne AD - USDA-ARS, New England Plant, Soil, and Water Laboratory, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA. zhe@maine.edu PY - 2004 SP - 1528 EP - 1534 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Manure KW - 0 KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Dairying KW - Hydrolysis KW - Biological Availability KW - Phosphorus -- chemistry KW - Soil Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Phosphorus -- metabolism KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66713761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+distribution+in+dairy+manures.&rft.au=He%2C+Zhongqi%3BGriffin%2C+Timothy+S%3BHoneycutt%2C+C+Wayne&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Zhongqi&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of nitrate leaching with haying or grazing and omission of nitrogen fertilizer. AN - 66713358; 15254104 AB - In some high-fertility, high-stocking-density grazing systems, nitrate (NO(3)) leaching can be great, and ground water NO(3)-N concentrations can exceed maximum contaminant levels. To reduce high N leaching losses and concentrations, alternative management practices need to be used. At the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed near Coshocton, OH, two management practices were studied with regard to reducing NO(3)-N concentrations in ground water. This was following a fertilized, rotational grazing management practice from which ground water NO(3)-N concentrations exceeded maximum contaminant levels. Using four small watersheds (each approximately 1 ha), rotational grazing of a grass forage without N fertilizer being applied and unfertilized grass forage removed as hay were used as alternative management practices to the previous fertilized pastures. Ground water was sampled at spring developments, which drained the watershed areas, over a 7-yr period. Peak ground water NO(3)-N concentrations before the 7-yr study period ranged from 13 to 25.5 mg L(-1). Ground water NO(3)-N concentrations progressively decreased under each watershed and both management practices. Following five years of the alternative management practices, ground water NO(3)-N concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 3.9 mg L(-1). Both grazing and haying, without N fertilizer being applied to the forage, were similarly effective in reducing the NO(3)-N levels in ground water. This research shows two management practices that can be effective in reducing high NO(3)-N concentrations resulting from high-fertility, high-stocking-density grazing systems, including an option to continue grazing. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Owens, L B AU - Bonta, J V AD - USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 488, Coshocton, OH 43812, USA. owens@coshocton.ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1230 EP - 1237 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Water Pollutants KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Solubility KW - Plants, Edible KW - Poaceae KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Nitrates -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66713358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+nitrate+leaching+with+haying+or+grazing+and+omission+of+nitrogen+fertilizer.&rft.au=Owens%2C+L+B%3BBonta%2C+J+V&rft.aulast=Owens&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1230&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thinking of Wildfire as a Natural Hazard AN - 60517892; 200519947 AB - Natural hazards theory with its emphasis on understanding the human-hazard interaction has much to offer in better understanding how individuals respond to the wildfire hazard. Ironically, very few natural hazards studies have actually looked at wildfires, despite the insights the field might offer. This report is structured around four interrelated questions that are often heard from individuals involved with wildfire management. Examining these four items through the natural hazards lens can demonstrate just a few of the ways the field can help us think more clearly about individual response to risk & how to increase participation in fire mitigation & support for fire management practices. 1 Figure, 28 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Society and Natural Resources AU - McCaffrey, Sarah AD - North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Evanston, IL smccaffrey@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 509 EP - 516 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0894-1920, 0894-1920 KW - Hazards KW - Fire KW - Disaster Preparedness KW - Human Ecology KW - Natural Disasters KW - Risk Assessment KW - article KW - 2681: environmental interactions; disaster studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60517892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society+and+Natural+Resources&rft.atitle=Thinking+of+Wildfire+as+a+Natural+Hazard&rft.au=McCaffrey%2C+Sarah&rft.aulast=McCaffrey&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Society+and+Natural+Resources&rft.issn=08941920&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F08941920490452445 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SNREEI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Natural Disasters; Human Ecology; Risk Assessment; Hazards; Fire; Disaster Preparedness DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920490452445 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Late summer protein supplementation for yearling cattle AN - 20231145; 6212081 AB - Three studies were conducted to evaluate late summer protein supplementation for growing steers on Northern Great Plains rangeland. In Experiment 1, crossbred yearling steers (N = 80 per year, mean initial live-weight = 275 kg) were allotted to 1 of 2 treatments replicated in 3 pastures in each of 3 years. Treatments were summer-long grazing with or without protein supplementation in late summer. Protein supplement (26% crude protein) was fed at a rate of 1.68 kg (dry matter basis) every third day. In 1995, a third treatment was added to additional pastures consisting of 1.62 kg (dry matter basis) of a 40% crude protein supplement fed every third day. There was no weight gain response to protein supplementation. In Experiment 2, yearling steers grazing rangeland from May to September were fed either no supplement, 1.5 kg of a 22% crude protein safflower meal-based supplement, 1.2 kg of 26% soybean meal-based supplement or 1.2 kg of a 26% safflower and soybean meal-based supplement every third day in late summer. Live-weight gain, forage intake, and digestibility were not affected by supplementation. A third experiment using ruminally cannulated steers fed grass hay and the 3 protein supplements based on safflower and soybean meals showed an increase in ruminal ammonia concentrations but no other appreciable change in ruminal fermentation with protein supplementation. Supplementation with as much as 648 grams of protein every third day was not a viable means to increase gains of steers grazing Northern Great Plains rangelands during late summer under the conditions of this experiment.Original Abstract: Se condujeron tres estudios para evaluar la suplementacion proteica a fines del verano para novillos en crecimiento en un pastizal de las Grandes Planicies del Norte. En el experimento 1 novillos cruzados de un ano de edad (N = 80 por ano, media inicial de peso vivo = 275 kg) se asignaron a uno de dos tratamientos repetidos en tres potreros en cada uno de tres anos. Los tratamientos fueron apacentamiento durante el verano con y sin suplementacion proteica a fines del verano. El suplemento proteico (26% de proteina cruda) se proporciona a una tasa de 1.68 kg (en base a materia seca) cada tres dias. En 1995, un tercer tratamiento se agrego en potreros adicionales consistente de 1.62 kg (en base a materia seca) de un suplemento con 40% de proteina cruda ofrecido cada tercer dia. No hubo respuesta en la ganancia de peso a la suplementacion proteica. En el Experimento 2, novillos de un ano apacentando el pastizal de Mayo a Septiembre fueron alimentados con y sin suplementacion, 1.5 kg de un suplemento a base de harina de cartamo con 22% de proteina cruda, 1.2 kg de un suplemento a base de harina de soya con 26 % de proteina cruda, 1.2 kg de un suplemento a base de harina de soya y cartamo con 26% de proteina cruda, el suplementos se les ofrecio cada tercer dia a fines de verano. La ganancia de peso vivo, el consumo de forraje y la digestibilidad no fueron afectadas por la suplementacion. En un tercer experimento novillos con canula ruminal, alimentados con heno de zacate y los tres suplementos de proteicos basados en harina de soya y cartamo, mostraron un incremento en la concentracion ruminal de amonio, pero no hubo otros cambios apreciables en la fermentacion ruminal producto de la suplementacion proteica. Bajo las condiciones de este experimento la suplementacion con 648 g de proteina como maximo, ofrecida cada tercer dia a fines del verano, no fue un medio viable para incrementar las ganancias de peso de los novillos apacentando los pastizales de las Grandes Planicies del Norte a fines del verano. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Grings, EE AU - Short, R E AU - Haferkamp, M R AU - Heitschmidt, R K AD - Research Animal Scientist, USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, Mont. 59301 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 358 EP - 364 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Bovids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Grazing KW - Fermentation KW - Grasses KW - Ammonia KW - Range management KW - Pasture KW - Hay KW - Bovidae KW - Supplementation KW - Soybeans KW - Rangelands KW - USA KW - Digestibility KW - Dry matter KW - D 04700:Management KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20231145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Late+summer+protein+supplementation+for+yearling+cattle&rft.au=Grings%2C+EE%3BShort%2C+R+E%3BHaferkamp%2C+M+R%3BHeitschmidt%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Grings&rft.aufirst=EE&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=358&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=358 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rangelands; Grasses; Fermentation; Grazing; Ammonia; Digestibility; Dry matter; Hay; Pasture; Range management; Supplementation; Soybeans; Bovidae; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0358:LSPSFY]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nematode suppression with brassicaceous amendments: application based upon glucosinolate profiles AN - 20132291; 5939101 AB - Glucosinolate profiles differ among plant species and their isothiocyanate (ITC) derivatives differ in toxicity to nematodes. Successful management of plant-parasitic nematodes by ITCs requires the incorporation of appropriate amounts of glucosinolate-containing biomass. Plant materials, containing glucosinolate-precursors of the ITCs most toxic to nematodes, were selected and applied to soil based upon ITC lethal concentration (LC) values. This provided a reliable and repeatable basis for application rates for suppression of Meloidogyne javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans by Brassica hirta and M. javanica by B. juncea. Sufficient biomass of B. hirta to potentially yield 0.03-0.12 mu mol ml super(-1) of glucotropeolin reduced nematode survival compared to similar amounts of broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis). At biomass levels providing >0.37 mu mol ml super(-1) of glucotropeolin, mortality of M. javanica was 100% with B. hirta. Biomass of B. juncea potentially yielding 2.82 mu mol ml super(-1) of sinigrin reduced M. javanica survival 65% below that obtained by a similar amount of broccoli. Rates of B. juncea to yield lethal levels of allyl ITC to reduce T. semipenetrans survival underestimated the glucosinolate application rates for this amendment. Application of plant biomass to soil >2.9% w/w reduced M. javanica survival regardless of the glucosinolate concentration of the amendment material. Application of brassicaceous amendments to soil initiates complex and dynamic biological and chemical processes. Despite the inherent complexity, we find that brassicaceous amendments can be applied to achieve consistent and repeatable nematode suppression when based upon the chemistry of the incorporated material. JF - Soil Biology and Biochemistry AU - Zasada, IA AU - Ferris, H AD - Department of Nematology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA, zasadai@ba.usda.ars.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 1017 EP - 1024 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 36 IS - 7 SN - 0038-0717, 0038-0717 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Glucosinolate KW - Isothiocyanate KW - Brassica juncea KW - Brassica hirta KW - Tylenchulus semipenetrans KW - Meloidogyne javanica KW - Mortality KW - Survival KW - Toxicity KW - Biomass KW - Brassica KW - Soil KW - Lethal levels KW - sinigrin KW - Nematoda KW - isothiocyanate KW - Glucosinolates KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20132291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Nematode+suppression+with+brassicaceous+amendments%3A+application+based+upon+glucosinolate+profiles&rft.au=Zasada%2C+IA%3BFerris%2C+H&rft.aulast=Zasada&rft.aufirst=IA&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1017&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Biology+and+Biochemistry&rft.issn=00380717&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.soilbio.2003.12.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Mortality; Lethal levels; Survival; Toxicity; Biomass; sinigrin; isothiocyanate; Glucosinolates; Meloidogyne javanica; Tylenchulus semipenetrans; Brassica; Nematoda DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.12.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Syspastospora parasitica, a mycoparasite of the fungus Beauveria bassiana attacking the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata: A tritrophic association. AN - 20028488; 8695971 JF - Journal of Insect Science (Tucson) AU - Posada, Francisco AU - Vega, Fernando E AU - Rehner, Stephen A AU - Blackwell, Meredith AU - Weber, Donald AU - Suh, Sung-Oui AU - Humber, Richard A AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bldg. 011A, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 USA, vegaf@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - Library of the University of Arizona, 1510 East University VL - 4 IS - 24 SN - 1536-2442, 1536-2442 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - biocontrol KW - mycoparasites KW - entomopathogens KW - insect pathology KW - Leptinotarsa KW - Hypothenemus KW - Ecology KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Leptinotarsa decemlineata KW - Entomology KW - Z 05300:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20028488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.atitle=Syspastospora+parasitica%2C+a+mycoparasite+of+the+fungus+Beauveria+bassiana+attacking+the+Colorado+potato+beetle+Leptinotarsa+decemlineata%3A+A+tritrophic+association.&rft.au=Posada%2C+Francisco%3BVega%2C+Fernando+E%3BRehner%2C+Stephen+A%3BBlackwell%2C+Meredith%3BWeber%2C+Donald%3BSuh%2C+Sung-Oui%3BHumber%2C+Richard+A&rft.aulast=Posada&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.issn=15362442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1672%2F1536-2442%282004%290042.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ecology; Entomology; Beauveria bassiana; Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa decemlineata DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/1536-2442(2004)004[0001:SPAMOT]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methyl-branched hydrocarbons, major components of the waxy material coating the embryos of the viviparous cockroach Diploptera punctata AN - 19934510; 5978952 AB - The viviparous cockroach Diploptera punctata carries a wax-coated batch of embryos in a brood sac. When the embryos are expelled into saline, flakes of wax from the surface of the embryos float to the surface. In contrast, embryos of the ovoviviparous species such as Rhyparobia maderae are not nourished by the mother during embryogenesis and do not have a copious waxy coating. As a first step in determining the function of this copious wax layer on the batch of embryos of D. punctata, its composition was compared to that of the waxy material on the outer cuticular surface of the mother (female cuticle) by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major lipid class on the embryos was hydrocarbons with lesser amounts of wax esters and long-chain alcohols. Hydrocarbons from both sources had similar elution times and chemical composition, but were markedly different in the amounts of the major methyl-branched hydrocarbon components. A mixture of 3, X-dimethyl alkanes were 44% of the hydrocarbons on the embryos and were only 29% on the female cuticle. However, trimethylalkanes were only 22% of the hydrocarbons on the embryos and were 34% of the hydrocarbons on the female cuticle. The major hydrocarbons from both sources were mixtures of methyl-branched alkanes with backbones of 33 and 35 carbon atoms. Methyl-branched tritriacontanes were 59% of embryo and 35% of female cuticular hydrocarbons; methyl-branched pentatriacontanes were 19% of embryo and 42% of female hydrocarbons. The difference in proportions of the similar hydrocarbons on the outer cuticular surface of the female and those covering the embryos may suggest that the evolution of copious nutrient secretion for the embryos was accompanied by selection for a mixture of hydrocarbons that prevents water loss by the embryos and protects them against invasion by microorganisms without preventing the movement of nutrient fluid into the embryos. JF - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology AU - Nelson AU - Hines, H AU - Stay, B AD - Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58105, USA, nelsond@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 265 EP - 276 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 138 IS - 3 SN - 1096-4959, 1096-4959 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Methyl-branched hydrocarbons KW - Wax layer KW - Diploptera punctata KW - Water conservation KW - Alkanes KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Lipids KW - Secretion KW - Rhyparobia maderae KW - Nutrients KW - Esters KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Embryogenesis KW - Carbon KW - Gas chromatography KW - trimethylalkanes KW - Water loss KW - Microorganisms KW - alcohols KW - Thin-layer chromatography KW - Cuticular hydrocarbons KW - Evolution KW - Coatings KW - Z 05320:Physiology, Anatomy, and Biochemistry KW - A 01320:Microbial Degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19934510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Biochemistry+and+Physiology%2C+Part+B%3A+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Methyl-branched+hydrocarbons%2C+major+components+of+the+waxy+material+coating+the+embryos+of+the+viviparous+cockroach+Diploptera+punctata&rft.au=Nelson%3BHines%2C+H%3BStay%2C+B&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Biochemistry+and+Physiology%2C+Part+B%3A+Biochemistry+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=10964959&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cbpc.2004.04.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alkanes; Hydrocarbons; Secretion; Lipids; Nutrients; Esters; Mass spectroscopy; Embryogenesis; Carbon; Gas chromatography; Water loss; trimethylalkanes; alcohols; Microorganisms; Thin-layer chromatography; Evolution; Cuticular hydrocarbons; Coatings; Rhyparobia maderae; Diploptera punctata DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.04.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Irrigated Agriculture on Soil Carbon and Microbial Community Structure AN - 19932647; 6018765 AB - Increasing the amount of carbon (C) in soils is one method to reduce the concentration of carbon dixoide (CO sub(2)) in the atmosphere. We measured organic C stored in southern Idaho soils having long-term cropping histories that supported native sagebrush vegetation (NSB), irrigated moldboard plowed crops (IMP), irrigated conservation-chisel-tilled crops (ICT), and irrigated pasture systems (IP). The CO sub(2) emitted as a result of fertilizer production, farm operations, and CO sub(2) lost via dissolved carbonate in irrigation water, over a 30-year period, was estimated and used to calculate net C fixation. Organic C in ecosystems decreased in the order IP>ICT>IMP> NSB. In February 2001, active fungal, bacterial, and microbial biomass was greater in IP soils than all other soils. Active fungal, bacterial, and microbial biomass was least in ICT soils at the 15-30-cm depth than all other soils. In August 2001, active bacterial biomass was greater in IMP soils than IP, ICT, and NSB soils. Active fungal biomass was greater in IP soils than all other soils. Whole-soil fatty acid profiles differed among management regimes and sampling dates and, to a lesser extent, with soil depth. FAME profiles from the NSB soils were distinct from the agricultural treatments and contained greater amounts of total fatty acids than the other treatments. The IMP and ICT soils yielded fatty acid profiles that were similar to each other, although those at the 15-30-cm depth were distinct from all other treatment-depth combinations. The IP FAME profiles suggest that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are more common in these soils than soils from the other treatments. Differences in carbon substrate utilization patterns (BIOLOG) among treatments were more variable and less pronounced that FAME results. In general, irrigated arid soils can both increase C storage while increasing microbial biomass and changing microbial diversity. JF - Environmental Management AU - Entry, JA AU - Fuhrmann, J J AU - Sojka, R E AU - Shewmaker, GE AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, Idaho 83341, USA, jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S363 EP - S373 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Farms KW - Inosine monophosphate KW - Arid environments KW - Organic carbon KW - Biodiversity KW - Atmosphere KW - Pasture KW - Crops KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Soil KW - Fertilizers KW - Carbon KW - Sampling KW - Crop KW - Fungi KW - Irrigation KW - Vegetation KW - Biomass KW - Soil depth KW - USA, Idaho KW - Soils (acid) KW - Community structure KW - arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - Fatty acids KW - Carbon dioxide KW - carbonates KW - D 04700:Management KW - A 01047:General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - J 02450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19932647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Irrigated+Agriculture+on+Soil+Carbon+and+Microbial+Community+Structure&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BFuhrmann%2C+J+J%3BSojka%2C+R+E%3BShewmaker%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9145-y L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S363.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Crop; Farms; Inosine monophosphate; Fungi; Organic carbon; Irrigation; Vegetation; Biodiversity; Biomass; Pasture; Atmosphere; Crops; Soil; Soil depth; Fertilizers; Soils (acid); Carbon; Community structure; arbuscular mycorrhizas; Fatty acids; Sampling; Carbon dioxide; carbonates; Arid environments; Soil microorganisms; USA, Idaho DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9145-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Irrigation Increases Inorganic Carbon in Agricultural Soils AN - 19926523; 6018760 AB - Inorganic C reactions are among the most important chemical reactions that occur in irrigated soils and may contribute to the total amount of C sequestered in those soils. Because CO sub(2) can escape from soils to the atmosphere or return to precipitate carbonate minerals, soils are open systems with regard to inorganic C. We measured inorganic and organic C stored in southern Idaho soils having long-term land-use histories that supported native sagebrush vegetation (NSB), irrigated moldboard plowed crops (IMP), irrigated conservation (chisel) tilled crops (ICT), and irrigated pasture systems (IP). Inorganic C and total C (inorganic + organic C) in soil decreased in the order IMP>ICT>IP>NSB. We use our findings to estimate that amount of possible inorganic and total C sequestration if irrigated agriculture were expanded by 10%. If irrigated agricultural land were expanded by 10% worldwide and NSB were converted to IMP, a possible 1.60 x 10 super(9) Mg inorganic C (2.78% of the total C emitted in the next 30 years) could be sequestered in soil. If irrigated agricultural land were expanded by 10% worldwide and NSB were converted to ICT, a possible 1.10 x 10 super(9) Mg inorganic C (1.87% of the total C emitted in the next 30 years) could be sequestered in soil. If irrigated agricultural land were expanded worldwide and NSB were converted to IP, a possible gain of 2.6 x 10 super(8) Mg inorganic C (0.04% of the total C emitted in the next 30 years) could be sequestered in soils. Inorganic C sequestered from land-use changes have little potential to make a significant impact on the concentration of atmospheric CO sub(2). However, when coupled with organic C and altering land use to produce crops on high-output irrigated agriculture while selected less productive rain-fed agricultural land was returned to temperate forest or native grassland, there could be reductions in atmospheric CO sub(2). JF - Environmental Management AU - Entry, JA AU - Sojka, R E AU - Shewmaker, GE AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, Idaho 83341, USA, jentry@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S309 EP - S317 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Agriculture KW - Carbonates KW - Irrigation KW - Forests KW - Crops KW - Land use KW - Soil KW - Grasslands KW - Carbon sequestration KW - USA, Idaho KW - Carbon KW - Chemical reactions KW - Chemical Reactions KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19926523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Irrigation+Increases+Inorganic+Carbon+in+Agricultural+Soils&rft.au=Entry%2C+JA%3BSojka%2C+R+E%3BShewmaker%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Entry&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9140-3 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S309.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Agriculture; Carbon sequestration; Chemical reactions; Irrigation; Forests; Land use; Land Use; Grasslands; Carbon; Carbonates; Chemical Reactions; Crops; USA, Idaho DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9140-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Beach Restoration on the Deep-burrowing Ghost Shrimp, Callichirus islagrande AN - 19587198; 8697968 AB - Restorations of barrier islands can be beneficial to coastal marshes, but may also have detrimental effects on intertidal macrobenthic communities. Two barrier islands of the Isles Dernieres chain of Louisiana were recently renourished with dredged sediments taken from the adjacent estuary. This study addresses the impact of beach restoration on intertidal populations of the burrowing ghost shrimp, Callichirus islagrande. We compared sediment characteristics of the restored sites and neighboring sites (both with and without shrimp) and examined the effect of sediment alteration on recolonization rates. Beach height was increased by an average of 2.4 m. Differentiation among sites with respect to silt/clay, sand, and gravel fractions was significant (P<0.001). East Island, the primary site of restoration, had the largest proportion of silt/clay sediments (40 % of total) whereas Trinity Island had the largest proportion of gravel (12 %). Minimal population recovery (total = 3 individuals) was evident 2 years post-restoration. High levels of silt/clay loading at East Island appear to have slowed population recovery. JF - Journal of Coastal Research AU - Bilodeau, ALelania AU - Bourgeois, Robert P AD - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70503, abilodeau@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 931 EP - 936 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0749-0208, 0749-0208 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Sediment characteristics KW - silt loading KW - Callichirus KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Shrimp KW - Callichirus islagrande KW - Estuarine sedimentation KW - Clays KW - recolonization KW - Restoration KW - Islands KW - Sand KW - Coastal Marshes KW - ISW, Australia, Western Australia, East I. KW - Marine crustaceans KW - PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Land, Trinity KW - Marine KW - barrier islands KW - Beaches KW - Gravel KW - Clay KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Silt KW - silt KW - Marshes KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana, Terrebonne Parish, Isles Dernieres KW - Sediments KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Barrier Islands KW - Intertidal environment KW - Community composition KW - Barrier islands KW - Zoobenthos KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19587198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Beach+Restoration+on+the+Deep-burrowing+Ghost+Shrimp%2C+Callichirus+islagrande&rft.au=Bilodeau%2C+ALelania%3BBourgeois%2C+Robert+P&rft.aulast=Bilodeau&rft.aufirst=ALelania&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=931&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.issn=07490208&rft_id=info:doi/10.2112%2F1551-5036%282004%29202.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silt; Barrier islands; Marshes; Estuarine sedimentation; Zoobenthos; Marine crustaceans; Ecosystem disturbance; Intertidal environment; Restoration; barrier islands; Community composition; Beaches; Clay; Islands; Sand; Estuaries; silt; Sediments; recolonization; Gravel; Shrimp; Coastal Marshes; Barrier Islands; Clays; Callichirus islagrande; PSW, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Land, Trinity; ASW, USA, Louisiana; ISW, Australia, Western Australia, East I.; ASW, USA, Louisiana, Terrebonne Parish, Isles Dernieres; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[931:IOBROT]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of Rising Nitrogen Deposition on N Exports from Forests to Surface Waters in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed AN - 19414148; 6018741 AB - In this study, we applied a process-based forest ecosystem model, PnET-CN, to estimate inorganic N (nitrate) loading and retention under chronic increases of atmospheric N deposition in the Chesapeake Bay (CPB) watershed. The results indicated that the average N leaching loss from forested lands in the CPB watershed is 1.23 kg N ha super(-1) y super(-1) at current N deposition levels, suggesting approximately 88% of N is retained by forest ecosystems. Total dissolved inorganic N exported from the forested watersheds was 11,617 Mg N yr super(-1). The predicted rates of the nitrate losses are well validated by the United States Geological Survey-National Water-Quality Assessment data measured from the gauged stations for forested drainages within the CPB watershed, and are also compatible with the field data of N loads associated with forests in the CPB watershed. If N deposition were twice current levels, the retention by forests would drop to 81%. Total N leaching loss to surface waters would then increase more than threefold. A nonlinear increase in N loads from forests under the extreme scenario of atmospheric N deposition shows the symptom of N saturation and an accelerated decline of forest functioning to retain atmospheric N deposition in the CPB watershed with rising levels of nitrogen deposition. JF - Environmental Management AU - Pan, Y AU - Hom, J AU - Birdsey, R AU - McCullough, K AD - USDA Forest Service, Northern Global Change Program, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073, USA, ypan@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - S120 EP - S131 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Symptoms KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Ecosystems KW - Surface water KW - Forests KW - Surface Water KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Chesapeake Bay basin KW - Retention KW - Watersheds KW - Assessments KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Forest ecosystems KW - Leaching KW - Nitrates KW - Brackishwater pollution KW - Drainage KW - USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - Brackish KW - ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay KW - Water pollution KW - Nitrogen deposition KW - Deposition KW - Air-water interactions KW - Nitrogen KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation KW - O 4060:Pollution - Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19414148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+Rising+Nitrogen+Deposition+on+N+Exports+from+Forests+to+Surface+Waters+in+the+Chesapeake+Bay+Watershed&rft.au=Pan%2C+Y%3BHom%2C+J%3BBirdsey%2C+R%3BMcCullough%2C+K&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9122-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Symptoms; Leaching; Surface water; Brackishwater pollution; Watersheds; Agricultural runoff; Water pollution; Nitrogen; Forests; Atmospheric pollution models; Forest ecosystems; Nitrogen deposition; Drainage; Air-water interactions; Assessments; Nitrates; Ecosystems; Deposition; Surface Water; Retention; USA, Chesapeake Bay; USA, Chesapeake Bay basin; ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay; Brackish; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9122-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon Sequestration in Rangelands Interseeded with Yellow-Flowering Alfalfa (Medicago sativa ssp. falcata) AN - 19411240; 6018776 AB - Management practices can significantly influence carbon sequestration by rangeland ecosystems. Grazing, burning, and fertilization have been shown to increase soil carbon storage in rangeland soils of the Great Plains. Research was initiated in 2001 in northwestern South Dakota to evaluate the role of interseeding a legume, Medicago sativa ssp. falcata, in northern mixed-grass rangelands on carbon sequestration. Sampling was undertaken on a chronosequence of sites interseeded in 1998, 1987, and 1965 as well as immediately adjacent untreated native rangeland sites. Soil organic carbon exhibited an increase of 4% in the 1998, 8% in the 1987, and 17% in the 1965 interseeding dates compared to their respective native untreated rangeland sites. Nitrogen fixation by the legume led to significant increases in total soil nitrogen and increased forage production in the interseeded treatments. Increases in organic carbon mass in this rangeland ecosystem can be attributed to the increase in soil organic carbon storage and the increased aboveground biomass resulting from the increased nitrogen in the ecosystem. The practice of interseeding adaptable cultivars of alfalfa into native rangelands may help in the mitigation of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and enhance the long-term sustainability of the ecosystem. JF - Environmental Management AU - Mortenson, M C AU - Schuman, GE AU - Ingram, L J AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, High Plains Grasslands Research Station, 8408 Hildreth Road, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82009, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S475 EP - S481 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Alfalfa KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, South Dakota KW - Sustainable development KW - Biomass KW - Soil KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Rangelands KW - Carbon KW - Legumes KW - Burning KW - Sampling KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Research programs KW - Medicago sativa KW - Nitrogen KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19411240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Carbon+Sequestration+in+Rangelands+Interseeded+with+Yellow-Flowering+Alfalfa+%28Medicago+sativa+ssp.+falcata%29&rft.au=Mortenson%2C+M+C%3BSchuman%2C+GE%3BIngram%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Mortenson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9155-9 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S475.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Rangelands; Carbon; Legumes; Sampling; Burning; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen; Carbon sequestration; Sustainable development; Biomass; Research programs; Medicago sativa; USA, South Dakota DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9155-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrating 2,4-D and sheep grazing to rehabilitate spotted knapweed infestations AN - 19339691; 8697788 AB - Effective integrated weed management requires understanding the impacts of management strategies applied alone and in combination. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of 2,4-D and repeated sheep (Ovis aries) grazing applied alone and in combination on spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) and perennial grasses. We hypothesized that integrating a single spring 2,4-D application would remove the adult plants, repeated sheep grazing would control rosettes, and spotted knapweed density, cover and biomass would decrease, allowing residual grasses to reoccupy the sites. A single spring 2,4-D application at 2.1 kg a.i. ha-1, repeated annual sheep grazing of 95% spotted knapweed or 60% grass utilization, and repeated sheep grazing and 2,4-D combined were applied to small pastures at 2 sites in western Montana beginning in 1997 and continued through 2001. Spotted knapweed rosette and flowering plant density, and spotted knapweed and perennial grass cover and biomass were sampled from 1998 through 2001. Spotted knapweed rosette density was 61.7, 34.3, 44.3, and 0.3 m-2 in the control, sheep grazing, 2,4-D, and combined sheep grazing and 2,4-D treatments, respectively, at 1 site in 2001. Spotted knapweed flowering plant density increased from 3.7 in 1998 to 10.7 m-2 in 2002 in the 2,4-D treatment whereas there was no increase in the 2,4-D combined with sheep grazing treatment from 1998 to 2002. Perennial grass biomass was 6.9, 8.4, 25.7, and 19.7 in the control, sheep grazing, 2,4-D, and combined sheep grazing and 2,4-D treatments, respectively, averaged for both sites and 4 years of sampling. Herbicides released perennial grasses from weed competition and changed the weed population from mature, less palatable plants to juvenile plants that were preferred by sheep. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Sheley, Roger L AU - Jacobs, James S AU - Martin, John M AD - Rangeland Weed Ecologist, USDA-Agricultural Research Service and the Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, Ore. 97720 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 371 EP - 375 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Centaurea maculosa KW - noxious rangelands weeds KW - integrated weed management KW - grazing weeds KW - 2,4-D KW - Flowering KW - Rosette KW - Weeds KW - Grazing KW - Grasses KW - Sampling KW - Biomass KW - Ovis aries KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19339691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Integrating+2%2C4-D+and+sheep+grazing+to+rehabilitate+spotted+knapweed+infestations&rft.au=Sheley%2C+Roger+L%3BJacobs%2C+James+S%3BMartin%2C+John+M&rft.aulast=Sheley&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rosette; Flowering; 2,4-D; Weeds; Grasses; Grazing; Sampling; Biomass; Centaurea maculosa; Ovis aries DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0371:IDASGT]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of the white pine blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola) infecting whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and Ribes spp. in the Jarbidge Mountains of Northeastern Nevada AN - 18064191; 6080320 AB - The Jarbidge Mountains are a remote and little-visited desert mountain range at the northern edge of the Great Basin in Elko County, NV, 110 km north of Elko and 115 km southwest of Twin Falls, ID. The forest is dominated by subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) at lower elevations and whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) at higher elevations; limber pine (P. flexilis) occurs along streams in canyons at lower elevations (2). P. albicaulis and P. flexilis are hosts for the blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola. In the late 1990s, a survey across the Intermountain West reported no evidence of C. ribicola in the Jarbidge Mountains or elsewhere in the central Great Basin (3). However, unpublished observations by D. A. Charlet in 1988 and 2001 indicate that blister rust has been present in the Jarbidge Mountains for at least 16 years. In September 2002, D. R. Vogler visited the Jarbidge Mountains over a 2-week period, examining whitebark pines along the unpaved route through the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest connecting Highway 225 and Jarbidge, NV. Blister rust-infected whitebark were found in two locations: (i) Coon Creek Summit (2,575 m elevation), atop the divide between the Great Basin to the south and the Columbia Plateau to the north, and (ii) Bear Creek drainage (2,315 to 2,405 m elevation), 6.7 km northeast of Coon Creek Summit. At Coon Creek Summit, three whitebark pines ranging in diameter from 10 to 30 cm at breast height (dbh) were infected (evidenced by spindle-shaped branch swellings, aecia, and aeciospores), with the oldest infection occurring on wood produced in 1975. Assuming a mean needle retention of 10 years, the first pine infection likely occurred between 1975 and 1984. Ribes montigenum and an unknown Ribes sp. were common at Coon Creek Summit but were not infected. In the Bear Creek drainage north of the divide, 27 whitebark pines ranging in size from under 0.3 m high to 12 cm dbh were found infected, with the oldest infection on 1976 wood indicating an origin between 1976 and 1985. Most pines there, however, appeared to have been infected between 1994 and 1998. At Bear Creek, infection on Ribes spp. was common, with R. cereum the most frequently infected species. Voucher specimens of R. cereum (KPK-948 and KPK-949) are archived in the fungal herbarium at the Institute of Forest Genetics, Placerville, CA. On pine, fresh spermatia and aeciospores were abundant even though it was late in the season. Late sporulation has also been observed above 2,500 m on western white (P. monticola) and whitebark pine northeast of Lake Tahoe in Nevada (4). To our knowledge, our report marks the first recorded intrusion by C. ribicola into the north-central Great Basin. Recently, the first report of C. ribicola on Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (P. aristata) was documented in southern Colorado (1). Now, Great Basin bristlecone (P. longaeva), which is restricted in Nevada to higher elevations in the eastern and southern parts of the state (2), may also be at risk; the northernmost occurrence of this last whitepine holdout from blister rust is in the Ruby Mountains, 135 km south of our findings in the Jarbidge Mountains. JF - Plant Disease AU - Vogler AU - Charlet, DA AD - Institute of Forest Genetics, USDA, Forest Service, PSW Research Station, Davis, CA 95616 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 772 VL - 88 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Disease spread KW - Plant diseases KW - Pinus albicaulis KW - Host range KW - Cronartium ribicola KW - Sporulation KW - USA, Nevada KW - Rust KW - Ribes KW - Blister rust KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18064191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+the+white+pine+blister+rust+fungus+%28Cronartium+ribicola%29+infecting+whitebark+pine+%28Pinus+albicaulis%29+and+Ribes+spp.+in+the+Jarbidge+Mountains+of+Northeastern+Nevada&rft.au=Vogler%3BCharlet%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Vogler&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=772&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cronartium ribicola; Pinus albicaulis; Ribes; USA, Nevada; Plant diseases; Blister rust; Disease spread; Rust; Host range; Sporulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of alternan-producing strains of Leuconostoc by electroporation AN - 18056511; 6032847 AB - Alternan-producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain NRRL B-1355 and its glucansucrase-negative derivative NRRL B-21414 were transformed by electroporation using four Gram positive-Gram negative shuttle vectors. Optimal conditions were 400 Omega and 10 kV cm super(-1), resulting in transformation efficiencies of up to 3.5 x 10 super(4) per mu g DNA. Relatively low copy numbers and native plasmids made it difficult to visualize the introduced plasmids on ethidium bromide-stained gels and, in some cases, on blot hybridizations. However, PCR analysis indicated that 95% of putative transformants carried plasmid sequences. Direct colony PCR was shown to work well for this system and also for transformants of L. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Leathers, T D AU - Jones, J D AU - Wyckoff, HA AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 1119 EP - 1124 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 26 IS - 14 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Leuconostoc mesenteroides cremoris KW - Transformation KW - Gels KW - Electroporation KW - DNA KW - Ethidium bromide KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Plasmids KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18056511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+alternan-producing+strains+of+Leuconostoc+by+electroporation&rft.au=Leathers%2C+T+D%3BJones%2C+J+D%3BWyckoff%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ABILE.0000035482.41491.7e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gels; Transformation; Electroporation; Ethidium bromide; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Plasmids; Leuconostoc mesenteroides cremoris DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:BILE.0000035482.41491.7e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatiles Production and Attractiveness to the Mexican Fruit Fly of Enterobacter agglomerans Isolated from Apple Maggot and Mexican Fruit Flies AN - 18049875; 6038837 AB - We investigated two strains of uricase (+) Enterobacter agglomerans, one isolated from the apple maggot fly (AMF) and one from the Mexican fruit fly (MFF), for 1) attractiveness to MFF, and 2) production of attractive chemicals. Regarding chemicals demonstrated attractive to the MFF, the MFF bacterial strain produced more 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-phenylethanol, and indole than the AMF strain, whereas the AMF, but not the MFF strain, produced 3-hydroxybutanone. Cell types that predominated in plated subcultures varied from batch to batch resulting in variation in volatiles production, especially by the AMF strain where indole was sometimes a major component of the odor and at other times not detectable. Despite the greater production of attractive chemicals by the MFF strain, the AMF strain was consistently more attractive and the MFF strain was not different from uninoculated control plates. Statistical analyses indicated negative correlations of attractiveness with production of indole, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and 2-phenylethanol, and positive correlation with 3-hydroxybutanone. Results support previous findings with the Mexican fruit fly that showed combinations of attractive chemicals sometimes are not attractive. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Robacker, D C AU - Lauzon, C R AU - He, X AD - Crop Quality and Fruit Insects Research, ARS, USDA, 2413 E. Highway 83, Building 200 Weslaco, Texas 78596, USA, drobacker@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 1329 EP - 1347 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 30 IS - 7 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Odor KW - Enterobacteriaceae KW - Tephritidae KW - Volatiles KW - Chemical communication KW - Enterobacter agglomerans KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18049875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Volatiles+Production+and+Attractiveness+to+the+Mexican+Fruit+Fly+of+Enterobacter+agglomerans+Isolated+from+Apple+Maggot+and+Mexican+Fruit+Flies&rft.au=Robacker%2C+D+C%3BLauzon%2C+C+R%3BHe%2C+X&rft.aulast=Robacker&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOEC.0000037743.98703.43 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterobacter agglomerans; Enterobacteriaceae; Tephritidae; Volatiles; Odor; Chemical communication DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000037743.98703.43 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence Gene Distribution and Dynamics of the White Pine Blister Rust Pathogen in Western North America AN - 18036671; 5986912 AB - We assayed the distribution and frequency of two genes of the blister rust pathogen with specific virulence to major resistance genes in sugar pine and western white pine in inoculum from extensive parts of the hosts' ranges. The genes, vcr1 and vcr2, differentially neutralize the cognate resistance alleles Cr1 and Cr2 of the two respective hosts and are clearly marked by their interaction phenotypes. Basidiospores from each inoculum source were cast over Cr1 and Cr2 host genotypes simultaneously, and interaction phenotypes scored when developed. vcr1 was confined to sites with high concentrations of Cr1 (mostly plantations) where frequencies tended toward fixation. vcr2 showed a similar tendency, except high frequencies were occasionally observed from natural and planted stands of western white pine with very low frequencies of Cr2. Otherwise, no pattern was evident for either allele: frequencies were very erratic from site to site within short distances (<1 to 7 km) of each other and oscillated with high amplitudes at the same sites measured in consecutive years. Intense selection for virulence by Cr alleles occurs locally, but spread of vcr alleles over the landscape is mitigated by remarkably low gene flow. Absence of heterozygotes among single telia inoculum on Cr2 genotypes indicated cytoplasmic inheritance of vcr2, similar to vcr1 (previously reported). JF - Phytopathology AU - Kinloch, BB Jr AU - Sniezko, R A AU - Dupper, GE AD - Institute of Forest Genetics, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA, bkinloch@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 751 EP - 758 VL - 94 IS - 7 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - vcr1 gene KW - vcr2 gene KW - sugar pine KW - western white pine KW - genetic resistance KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Genotypes KW - Virulence KW - Blister rust KW - Alleles KW - Distribution KW - Telia KW - Inoculum KW - Interaction KW - Basidiospores KW - Concentration KW - Cytoplasmic inheritance KW - USA KW - Heterozygotes KW - Selection KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01044:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18036671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Virulence+Gene+Distribution+and+Dynamics+of+the+White+Pine+Blister+Rust+Pathogen+in+Western+North+America&rft.au=Kinloch%2C+BB+Jr%3BSniezko%2C+R+A%3BDupper%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Kinloch&rft.aufirst=BB&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Alleles; Heterozygotes; Cytoplasmic inheritance; Inoculum; Telia; Selection; Distribution; Blister rust; Basidiospores; Interaction; Genotypes; Virulence; Concentration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Prairie Dog Story: Do We Have It Right? AN - 18027477; 5958702 AB - As public and scientific interest in black-tailed prairie dogs has grown, views about their ecological role have become polarized. We evaluated three claims frequently made concerning the status of black-tailed prairie dogs and their interactions with other species: (1) that black-tailed prairie dogs historically occupied 40 million to 100 million hectares (ha) and now occupy only 1 to 2 percent of their former range, (2) that large ungulates preferentially forage on prairie dog colonies, and (3) that prairie dogs do not reduce carrying capacity for large herbivores. The conclusion that prairie dogs historically occupied up to 100 million ha is not supported by the literature, and the more conservative figure of 40 million ha is based on estimates from the early 20th century, when prairie dog populations were artificially high as a result of human activities. Prairie dog activity is not unique in facilitating grazing by large herbivores; and selection of prairie dog colonies for foraging is limited to specific conditions, including colony age, proximity, and season of the year. Finally, prairie dogs reduce carrying capacity for large herbivores by consuming forage, clipping plants to increase visibility, building mounds, and changing plant cover and species composition. JF - Bioscience AU - Vermeire, L T AU - Heitschmidt, R K AU - Johnson, P S AU - Sowell, B F AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, 243 Fort Keogh Road, Miles City, MT 59301, USA, lance@larrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 689 EP - 695 PB - American Institute of Biological Sciences VL - 54 IS - 7 SN - 0006-3568, 0006-3568 KW - Black-tailed prairie dog KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Prairies KW - Population status KW - Population density KW - Cynomys ludovicianus KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18027477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioscience&rft.atitle=The+Prairie+Dog+Story%3A+Do+We+Have+It+Right%3F&rft.au=Vermeire%2C+L+T%3BHeitschmidt%2C+R+K%3BJohnson%2C+P+S%3BSowell%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Vermeire&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioscience&rft.issn=00063568&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prairies; Population density; Population status; Cynomys ludovicianus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Recombinant ESAT-6:CFP-10 Fusion Protein for Differentiation of Infections of Cattle by Mycobacterium bovis and by M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis AN - 18014669; 5969513 AB - Immunological diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle is often confounded by cross-reactive responses resulting from exposure to other mycobacterial species, especially Mycobacterium avium. Early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) are dominant gamma interferon (IFN- gamma )-inducing antigens of tuberculous mycobacteria, and they are absent from many environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria. Because M. avium exposure is the primary confounding factor in the diagnosis of M. bovis-infected animals, in vitro responses to a recombinant ESAT-6:CFP-10 (rESAT-6:CFP-10) fusion protein by blood leukocytes from cattle naturally exposed to M. avium or experimentally challenged with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium or Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were compared to responses by M. bovis-infected cattle. Responses to heterogeneous mycobacterial antigens (i.e., purified protein derivatives [PPDs] and whole-cell sonicates [WCSs]) were also evaluated. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha ), IFN- gamma , and nitric oxide responses by M. bovis-infected cattle to rESAT-6:CFP-10 exceeded (P < 0.05) the corresponding responses by cattle naturally sensitized to M. avium. Experimental infection with M. bovis, M. avium, or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis induced significant (P < 0.05) IFN- gamma and nitric oxide production to WCS and PPD antigens, regardless of the mycobacterial species used for the preparation of the antigen. Responses to homologous crude antigens generally exceeded responses to heterologous antigens. Nitric oxide and IFN- gamma responses to rESAT-6:CFP-10 by blood leukocytes from M. bovis-infected calves exceeded (P < 0.05) the corresponding responses of noninfected, M. avium-infected, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected calves. Despite the reported potential for secretion of immunogenic ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins by M. avium and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, it appears that use of the rESAT-6:CFP-10 fusion protein will be useful for the detection of tuberculous cattle in herds with pre-existing sensitization to M. avium and/or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Waters, W R AU - Nonnecke, B J AU - Palmer, M V AU - Robbe-Austermann, S AU - Bannantine, J P AU - Stabel, J R AU - Whipple, D L AU - Payeur, J B AU - Estes, D M AU - Pitzer, JE AU - Minion, F C AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit. Periparturient Diseases of Cattle Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service. Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 729 EP - 735 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - CFP-10 protein KW - ESAT-6 antigen KW - g-Interferon KW - Mycobacterium avium avium KW - Leukocytes KW - Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Tumor necrosis factor-a KW - ^g-Interferon KW - Tumor necrosis factor-^a KW - Nitric oxide KW - Tuberculin KW - Vaccines KW - Fusion protein KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18014669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Use+of+Recombinant+ESAT-6%3ACFP-10+Fusion+Protein+for+Differentiation+of+Infections+of+Cattle+by+Mycobacterium+bovis+and+by+M.+avium+subsp.+avium+and+M.+avium+subsp.+paratuberculosis&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BNonnecke%2C+B+J%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BRobbe-Austermann%2C+S%3BBannantine%2C+J+P%3BStabel%2C+J+R%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BPayeur%2C+J+B%3BEstes%2C+D+M%3BPitzer%2C+JE%3BMinion%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=729&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium avium avium; Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis; Fusion protein; CFP-10 protein; ESAT-6 antigen; g-Interferon; Leukocytes; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Tuberculin; Nitric oxide; Vaccines; ^g-Interferon; Tumor necrosis factor-^a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial and quality changes in minimally processed baby spinach leaves stored under super atmospheric oxygen and modified atmosphere conditions AN - 18014514; 5984199 AB - The effect of super atmospheric O sub(2) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on plant metabolism, organoleptic quality and microbial growth of minimally processed baby spinach was studied. Packaging film O sub(2) transmission rates and initial levels of super atmospheric O sub(2) in the packages significantly affected the changes of in-package atmospheres during storage, and consequently quality of baby spinach leaves. In general, a barrier film maintained a higher O sub(2) level for both 80 and 100 kPa O sub(2) treatments during entire storage. Packages with the barrier film also exhibited a more rapid accumulation of CO sub(2) than those with the permeable film, with CO sub(2) levels ranging from 16.2 to 22.5 kPa in the barrier film packages, versus 6.1-10.6 kPa in the permeable film packages at the end of 12 days of storage at 5 degree C. Packages prepared with the barrier film with an initial O sub(2) level at 21% accumulated CO sub(2) during storage and exhibited a significant reduction in aerobic mesophilic bacterial growth compared to the perforated film packages (control). However, this treatment also developed strong off-odor and a loss of tissue integrity. Adding super atmospheric O sub(2) to the packages alleviated tissue injury in addition to reducing microbial growth and was beneficial in maintaining quality of fresh-cut baby spinach. JF - Postharvest Biology and Technology AU - Allende, A AU - Luo, Yaguang AU - McEvoy, J L AU - Artes, F AU - Wang, Chien Y AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, Henry A. Wallace Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Bldg. 002, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, luoy@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 51 EP - 59 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0925-5214, 0925-5214 KW - Spinach KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Oxygen KW - Leaves KW - Spinacia oleracea KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Atmospheric conditions KW - Packaging KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18014514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Microbial+and+quality+changes+in+minimally+processed+baby+spinach+leaves+stored+under+super+atmospheric+oxygen+and+modified+atmosphere+conditions&rft.au=Allende%2C+A%3BLuo%2C+Yaguang%3BMcEvoy%2C+J+L%3BArtes%2C+F%3BWang%2C+Chien+Y&rft.aulast=Allende&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Postharvest+Biology+and+Technology&rft.issn=09255214&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.postharvbio.2004.03.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spinacia oleracea; Leaves; Oxygen; Atmospheric conditions; Carbon dioxide; Packaging DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2004.03.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of pocket gophers on desert soils and vegetation AN - 18004367; 5954852 AB - The effects of pocket gophers (Geomyidae) on soils and vegetation were studied on Chihuahuan Desert and Sonoran Desert catenas for comparison with the effects of pocket gophers on soils and vegetation in mesic environments. Two species of gophers, Thomomys bottae and T. umbrinus, ejecta mounds were located on upper slopes of piedmonts where runoff from mountains increase soil moisture. Geomys arenarius ejecta mounds were restricted to small valley bottoms on ridge and valley mesa topography. Soil bulk density of ejecta mound soils was lower than undisturbed soil at the Chihuahuan Desert sites but not at the Sonoran Desert site. Significantly higher annual plant cover were recorded only for ejecta mounds of the Chihuahuan Desert piedmont. The effects of pocket gopher burrowing differed between the species, with G. arenarius sites showing greater extent of soil disturbance at a local scale, but effects of these disturbances on desert soils vegetation are dependent upon the properties of the undisturbed soil. These findings of limited impacts of burrowing on soil chemistry contrast with the situation in more mesic areas. JF - Journal of Arid Environments AU - Kerley, GI AU - Whitford, W G AU - Kay AD - USDA Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3 JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, N M 88003, USA, zlagik@zoo.upe.ac.za Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 154 EP - 165 PB - Elsevier Ltd VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0140-1963, 0140-1963 KW - Desert pocket gopher KW - Western pocket gophers KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Thomomys KW - Arid environments KW - Soil chemistry KW - Habitat changes KW - Cover KW - Geomys arenarius KW - Digging behavior KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18004367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Effects+of+pocket+gophers+on+desert+soils+and+vegetation&rft.au=Kerley%2C+GI%3BWhitford%2C+W+G%3BKay&rft.aulast=Kerley&rft.aufirst=GI&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.issn=01401963&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jaridenv.2003.08.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Arid environments; Soil chemistry; Habitat changes; Cover; Digging behavior; Thomomys; Geomys arenarius DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2003.08.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell-mediated immune responses to a killed Salmonella enteritidis vaccine: lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell changes and interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL- 1, IL-2, and IFN- gamma production AN - 17983493; 5923724 AB - Two experimental approaches were used to investigate the immunological responses of chickens to a commercial killed Salmonella enteritidis (SE) vaccine. In the first, the effects of host age on antigen-specific proliferative responses and cytokine production were examined. Compared with non-vaccinated controls, 4-wk-old vaccinated chickens showed higher proliferation to SE LPS and flagella. The lymphoproliferation responses to these antigens of 8-mo-old vaccinated chickens were not different compared to the non-vaccinated controls. Increased production of interferon- gamma (IFN- gamma ) and interleukin-2 (IL- 2) by antigen-stimulated splenocytes following vaccination were, in general, more often observed in 4-wk-old compared with 8-mo-old chickens, whereas serum levels of these cytokines were consistently higher in the vaccinated birds compared with controls regardless of age. The second set of experiments were designed to determine the effects of SE vaccination on mitogen- or antigen- induced splenocyte proliferation and serum nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine levels. Splenocytes from vaccinated chickens stimulated with SE flagella showed significantly increased numbers of TCR gamma delta super(+) cells at 7 days post- vaccination compared with non-vaccinated birds. In contrast, no differences were noted with CD4 super(+), CD8 super(+), or TCR alpha beta super(+) cells at any time points examined. Higher levels of NO production were observed following stimulation with SE flagella at 4, 7, 11, and 14 days after SE vaccination while serum levels of IFN- gamma , IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 were elevated only at day 7 post- vaccination. In conclusion, younger chickens mounted a more robust antigen- specific immune response to the SE vaccine compared with older birds and vaccination induced not only T-cell-mediated responses but also host innate and pro-inflammatory responses.Original Abstract: Deux approches experimentales ont ete utilisees pour examiner les reactions immunologiques de poulets au vaccin tue commercial Salmonella enteritidis. La premiere visait a observer les effets de l'age du sujet sur les reactions proliferatives specifiques aux antigenes et la production de cytokine. Par comparaison avec des temoins non vaccines, les poulets de 4 semaines vaccines ont montre un taux superieur de proliferation de LPS et flagelles de SE. Les reactions de lymphoproliferation a ces antigenes chez des poulets vaccines ages de 8 mois n'etaient pas differentes de celles de temoins non vaccines. On a en general observe l'augmentation de la production d'interferone-[gamma] (IFN- [gamma]) et d'interleukine-2 (IL-2) par des splenocytes stimules par des antigenes a la suite de la vaccination plus souvent chez des poulets de 4 semaines que chez des poulets de 8 mois, tandis que les niveaux de serum de ces cytokines etaient regulierement plus eleves chez les volatiles vaccines que chez les temoins non vaccines, quel que soit leur age. La seconde serie d'experiences etait concue pour determiner les effets de la vaccination SE sur la proliferation de splenocytes causee par des mitogenes ou des antigenes, et sur les niveaux d'oxyde nitrique (NO) et de cytokine. Les splenocytes de poulets vaccines stimules avec flagelles SE montraient des taux de cellules TCR[gamma][delta] super(+) beaucoup plus eleves a 7 jours apres la vaccination que ceux de volatiles non vaccines. Des taux de production de NO superieurs etaient observables a la suite d'une stimulation avec flagelle SE a 4, 7, 11 et 14 jours apres vaccination SE tandis que les niveaux de IFN-[gamma], IL-1, IL-6, et IL-8 n'etaient superieurs qu'au 7eme jour apres la vaccination. En conclusion, des poulets plus jeunes ont temoigne d'une reponse immunitaire specifique aux antigenes au vaccin SE plus forte que celle de volatiles plus ages, et la vaccination a produit non seulement des reponses mediatisees par les cellules T mais aussi des reponses innees et pro-inflammatoires chez les sujets. Chicken; Salmonella enteritidis; Killed vaccine; Cell proliferation; Cytokines SE, Salmonella enteritidis; ppi, post-primary immunization; psi, post- secondary immunization; OMP, outer membrane protein; HK-SE, heat-killed SE; HBSS, Hanks' balanced salt solution; RPMI-10, RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 [mu]g/ml streptomycin; FCS, fetal calf serum; SI, stimulation index; PBS-T, PBS containing 0.05% Tween; DTH, delayed-type hypersensitivity; WST-8, 2-[2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl]-3-[4- nitrophenyl]-5-[2, 4-disulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt JF - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases AU - Okamura, M AU - Lillehoj, H S AU - Raybourne, R B AU - Babu, U S AU - Heckert, R A AD - Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, USDA-ARS, BARC-East, Building 1043, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, hlilleho@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 255 EP - 272 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0147-9571, 0147-9571 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Interleukin 6 KW - gamma -Interferon KW - Splenocytes KW - Immune response (cell-mediated) KW - Interleukin 2 KW - Interleukin 1 KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Cytokines KW - Vaccines KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - Flagella KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17983493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Cell-mediated+immune+responses+to+a+killed+Salmonella+enteritidis+vaccine%3A+lymphocyte+proliferation%2C+T-cell+changes+and+interleukin-6+%28IL-6%29%2C+IL-+1%2C+IL-2%2C+and+IFN-+gamma+production&rft.au=Okamura%2C+M%3BLillehoj%2C+H+S%3BRaybourne%2C+R+B%3BBabu%2C+U+S%3BHeckert%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Okamura&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Comparative+Immunology%2C+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=01479571&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cimid.2003.12.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Interleukin 6; Splenocytes; gamma -Interferon; Immune response (cell-mediated); Interleukin 2; Interleukin 1; Lymphocytes T; Cytokines; Vaccines; Flagella; Salmonella enteritidis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2003.12.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral Inoculation of A/J Mice for Detection of Invasiveness Differences between Listeria monocytogenes Epidemic and Environmental Strains AN - 17978423; 5939611 AB - Four-week-old Harlan A/J mice were orally infected with six epidemic and six environmental strains of Listeria monocytogenes. Epidemic strains were significantly more invasive as a group than were environmental strains (P < 0.05), and the intestines of some mice infected with epidemic strains had extensive hemorrhage. Mice inoculated with epidemic strains were significantly more likely to become systemically infected than mice inoculated with environmental strains (P < 0.01). JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Kim, SH AU - Bakko, M K AU - Knowles, D AU - Borucki, M K AD - USDA-ARS, 3003 ADBF, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, mborucki@vetmed.wsu.edu Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 4318 EP - 4321 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 72 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Disseminated infection KW - Intestine KW - Animal models KW - Hemorrhage KW - Strains KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17978423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Oral+Inoculation+of+A%2FJ+Mice+for+Detection+of+Invasiveness+Differences+between+Listeria+monocytogenes+Epidemic+and+Environmental+Strains&rft.au=Kim%2C+SH%3BBakko%2C+M+K%3BKnowles%2C+D%3BBorucki%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=SH&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=4318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.72.7.4318-4321.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Animal models; Intestine; Strains; Hemorrhage; Disseminated infection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.7.4318-4321.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Empirical Distribution Models for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Beef Produced by a Mid-size Commercial Grinder AN - 17816637; 6196617 AB - The purpose of this research was to develop empirical models that describe the amount and distribution of ground beef contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 when a contaminated beef trim is introduced into a batch of uncontaminated beef before processing in a mid-size commercial grinder (34 g/s). A beef trim was inoculated with a rifampacin-resistant strain of E. coli O157:H7 and added to a batch of noncontaminated trims at the grinding step. To study the distribution of the E. coli O157:H7 super(rif) in the ground beef, 6 treatments with different inoculum levels (1 to 6 log sub(10) colony-forming units [CFU]) were tested. Removal or pick up of the residual contamination with E. coli O157:H7 super(rif) left in the grinder was evaluated. E. coli O157:H7 super(rif) was detected in 9% to 86% of the total ground beef for the 1 to 6 log sub(10) CFU inoculum levels, respectively. E. coli O157:H7 super(rif) contamination was detected in the collar that fixes the grinder's die and blade to the hub. An exponential algorithm described the relationship between the quantities of ground beef containing E. coli O157:H7 super(rif) and the inoculum level (R super(2) = 0.82). Distribution models based on a Chi-squared algorithm were developed for each inoculum level describing the contamination level as a function of the batch fraction processed (R super(2) = 0.81 to 0.99). The results of this study corroborate that when beef processors test for pathogenic contamination in a mid-scale grinder, they should test the beef residues in the collar that fixes the grinder's die and blade to the hub. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Flores, R A AU - Stewart, TE AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, rflores@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - M121 EP - M126 VL - 69 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Food processing KW - Beef KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Algorithms KW - Inoculum KW - Escherichia coli KW - Food contamination KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17816637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Empirical+Distribution+Models+for+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+Ground+Beef+Produced+by+a+Mid-size+Commercial+Grinder&rft.au=Flores%2C+R+A%3BStewart%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Flores&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=M121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Beef; Inoculum; Food contamination; Algorithms; Colony-forming cells; Food processing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety of Brucella abortus Strain Rb51 in Black Bears AN - 17798812; 6119798 AB - In two studies conducted from October 1999 to March 2000 and December 2000 to April 2001, adult black bears (Ursus americanus) were orally inoculated with 1.4-3.1x10 super(10) colony-forming units (CFU) of Brucella abortus strain RB51 (SRB51, n=12) or 2 ml of 0.15 M NaCl solution (saline, n=11). We did not detect a difference (P>0.05) in antibody titers to SRB51 in serum obtained before vaccination, at 8 wk after vaccination, or at necropsy at 21 or 23 wk after vaccination between SRB51-vaccinated and nonvaccinated bears. The SRB51 vaccine strain was recovered from tissues obtained at necropsy from one of six SRB51-vaccinated bears in study 1, but none of the six SRB51-vaccinated bears in study 2. Vaccination of black bears with SRB51 did not appear to influence (P>0.05) reproductive performance. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Olsen, Steven C AU - Rhyan, Jack AU - Gidlewski, T AU - Goff, Jesse AU - Stoffregen, W C AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA, solsen@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 429 EP - 433 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - American black bear KW - Black bear KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Biosafety KW - Brucella KW - RB51 KW - serology KW - Ursus americanus KW - vaccine KW - Autopsy KW - Antibodies KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Salinity effects KW - Brucella abortus KW - Reproduction KW - Vaccines KW - Vaccination KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17798812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Safety+of+Brucella+abortus+Strain+Rb51+in+Black+Bears&rft.au=Olsen%2C+Steven+C%3BRhyan%2C+Jack%3BGidlewski%2C+T%3BGoff%2C+Jesse%3BStoffregen%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Autopsy; Antibodies; Salinity effects; Colony-forming cells; Reproduction; Vaccines; Vaccination; Ursus americanus; Brucella abortus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation Behavior of Some Vegetable Oil-Based Polymers AN - 1777106990; 13882650 AB - The potential biodegradability of several vegetable oil-based polymers was assessed by respirometry in soil for 60-100 days at temperatures of 30-58C. Films of soybean oil and linseed oil which were oxidatively polymerized (Co catalyst) on a kraft paper support were 90%-100% mineralized to CO sub(2) after 70 days at 30C. Mineralization of polymerized tung oil to CO sub(2) was much slower than soy or linseed oils. Mineralization of epoxy resins made from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids was rapid while mineralization of similar resins made with a triacid (citric) was slower. There was no significant degradation of polyamine/ESO resins after 100 days at 58C. Mineralization of the available carbon in vegetable oil polyurethanes and cationically polymerized ESO was less than 7.5% after 70 days at 30C and 25 days at 55C compared to 100% for soybean oil. From these results, it appears that triglycerides highly cross-linked with non-degradable linkages are not biodegradable to a significant extent while triglycerides cross-linked with hydrolysable bonds such as esters remain biodegradable. JF - Journal of Polymers and the Environment AU - Shogren, Randal L AU - Petrovic, Zoran AU - Liu, Zengshe AU - Erhan, Sevim Z AD - Plant Polymer Research Units, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL, 61604 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 173 EP - 178 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 1566-2543, 1566-2543 KW - Advanced Polymers Abstracts (EP); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN) KW - Vegetables KW - Resins KW - Polymerization KW - Crosslinking KW - Mineralization KW - Biodegradability KW - Linseed oil KW - Soybeans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777106990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+Behavior+of+Some+Vegetable+Oil-Based+Polymers&rft.au=Shogren%2C+Randal+L%3BPetrovic%2C+Zoran%3BLiu%2C+Zengshe%3BErhan%2C+Sevim+Z&rft.aulast=Shogren&rft.aufirst=Randal&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Polymers+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15662543&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOOE.0000038549.73769.7d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOOE.0000038549.73769.7d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defaunation Leads to Cannibalism in Primary Reproductives of the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes Formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) AN - 17757453; 6051893 AB - Soon after swarming, the alates of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), drop their wings, form tandem pairs, and look for new nesting sites to form incipient colonies. In approximately 10% of the several hundred incipient colonies kept in laboratory, both the male and female were found to cannibalize their progeny and die of starvation. Examination of such adults revealed that all of them had lost most of their gut fauna, essential for the digestion of wood. We used antibiotic (gentamicin) and a combination of gentamicin and antiprotozoal (metronidazole) compounds during 2002 and 2003, respectively, to induce defaunation in 30-d-old adults after they had laid 30-40 eggs. The progeny of treated pairs compared with control pairs was significantly lower 30 and 60 d after treatment. Feeding on these chemicals during 2003 caused total loss of spirochetes and one of the three flagellates, while the numbers of the other two flagellates were greatly reduced. It is suggested that, in the absence of gut fauna, the adult termites cannot effectively feed on wood, and the ensuing hunger results in cannibalism of their progeny. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Raina, A K AU - Park, YI AU - Lax, A Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 753 EP - 756 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 4 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Defaunation KW - Isoptera KW - Formosan subterranean termite KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rhinotermitidae KW - Social organization KW - Symbionts KW - Cannibalism KW - Swarming behavior KW - Coptotermes formosanus KW - Z 05208:Social entomology KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05209:Soil entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17757453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Defaunation+Leads+to+Cannibalism+in+Primary+Reproductives+of+the+Formosan+Subterranean+Termite%2C+Coptotermes+Formosanus+%28Isoptera%3A+Rhinotermitidae%29&rft.au=Raina%2C+A+K%3BPark%2C+YI%3BLax%2C+A&rft.aulast=Raina&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%290972.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=753 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coptotermes formosanus; Rhinotermitidae; Cannibalism; Swarming behavior; Symbionts; Social organization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097<0753:DLTCIP>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of Clostridium perfringens in a model roast beef by salts of organic acids during chilling AN - 17740491; 6088802 AB - Control of Clostridium perfringens germination and outgrowth by the following salts of organic acids, sodium lactate [PurasalJ S/SP (Purasal); 1.50, 3.00 and 4.80%], sodium lactate supplemented with sodium diacetate [PurasalJ Opti.formJ (Optiform), 1.50, 3.00 and 4.80%], buffered sodium citrate [IonalJ (Ional), 0.75, 1.00 and 1.30]) and buffered sodium citrate supplemented with sodium diacetate [Ional PlusJ (Ional Plus), 0.75, 1.00 and 1.30%] was evaluated during continuous chilling of a model roast beef product. Beef rounds were ground through an c plate and NaCl, potato starch and potassium tetra pyrophosphate were added to final concentrations of 0.85, 0.25 and 0.20%, respectively, and mixed Portions (250 g) of the meat were mixed with either Purasal (1.5, 3.0 or 4.8%), Optiform (1.5, 3.0 or 4.8%), Ional (0.75, 1.0 or 1.3%) or Ional Plus (0.75, 1.0 or 1.3%) along with a control that did not have any added antimicrobials. Each product (10 g) inoculated with C. perfringens spores (ca. 2.2 log sub(10) spores/g) was packaged into vacuum bags (2 in. H 3 in.), vacuum sealed heated to 60C within 1 h, and subsequently chilled from 54.4C to 7.2C in 18 or 21 h following exponential chilling rates. Products were sampled immediately after cooking to enumerate the C. perfringens populations (spores surviving heat treatment) and subsequent to chilling (total C. perfringens populations, including spores and vegetative cells resulting from germination and outgrowth of the spores). Chilling of cooked, model ground roast beef resulted in germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores; the population densities increased by 4.13 and 4.40 log sub(10) CFU/g, following 18 and 21 h chill rates, respectively. Incorporation of Purasal (1.5-4.8%), Optiform (1.5B4.8%), Ional and Ional Plus (0.75-1.3%) substantially (P # 0.05) inhibited germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores. Incorporation of antimicrobial ingredients resulted in # 1.0 log sub(10) CFU/g increase of the pathogen, except for model roast beef with Ional Plus at 0.75% concentration, following 18 h chilling rate. Similar results were obtained when 21 h chilling rate was followed, with roast beef containing ingredients (at all the concentrations) resulting in either reductions or # 1.0 log sub(10) CFU/g growth in total C. perfringens populations, except for Purasal and Ional Plus at 1.5 and 0.75% concentrations, respectively. Use of sodium salts of organic acids in formulation of model roast beef can reduce the risk of C. perfringens spore germination and outgrowth during extended chilling rates. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Juneja, V K AU - Thippareddi, H AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 95 EP - 109 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - beef KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Decontamination KW - Risk reduction KW - Temperature effects KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Temperature KW - Pathogens KW - Food contamination KW - Salts KW - Beef KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17740491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Control+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+a+model+roast+beef+by+salts+of+organic+acids+during+chilling&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BThippareddi%2C+H&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; Salts; Food contamination; Decontamination; Pathogens; Risk reduction; Temperature; Beef; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by native microflora of whole cantaloupe AN - 17738232; 6088804 AB - Fresh-cut cantaloupe has been recalled due to the possible presence of Listeria monocytogenes. Several studies have reported that naturally occurring microflora of vegetable surfaces may be antagonistic to pathogen attachment, growth or survival. To test this possibility for L. monocytogenes and cantaloupes, whole melon were treated with water, ethanol (70%) or chlorine (200 ppm) to reduce the native microflora on the melon surfaces. Treated or untreated melons were immersed in a six strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (10 super(7) CFU/mL) for 10 min and then allowed to dry for 1 h inside a biosafety cabinet followed by storage at 5, 10 and 20C for 15 days. Fresh-cut pieces prepared from the treated or untreated melons and directly inoculated with L. monocytogenes (3.48 log CFU/g) were stored under the same conditions listed above. Populations of L. monocytogenes and five classes of native microflora were investigated. Growth of L. monocytogenes in sterile or nonsterile rind and fresh-cut homogenates was also studied. The population of L. monocytogenes recovered from inoculated (10 super(3) to 10 super(8) CFU/mL) whole melons given no disinfection treatment or washed with water was significantly less (P < 0.05) than that recovered from melons treated with chlorine or EtOH. In general, populations of L. monocytogenes declined on the surface of treated and untreated whole melons and on fresh-cut pieces over the 15 days storage period at the temperatures tested. However, the decline in pathogen populations was less rapid in the presence of reduced populations of native microflora. Higher populations of L. monocytogenes were attained in sterile tissue homogenates than in nonsterile homogenates. Addition of yeast and mold to sterile rind homogenates was highly inhibitory to growth and survival of the pathogen. The results of this study indicate that native microflora of whole cantaloupe inhibited attachment to rind surfaces as well as survival and growth of L. monocytogenes on cantaloupe surfaces and homogenized fresh-cut pieces. Thus, L. monocytogenes recontamination of melons having a reduced level of native microflora following application of a disinfection treatment may be a food safety concern. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Ukuku, DO AU - Fett, W F AU - Sapers, G M AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 129 EP - 147 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Disinfection KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Temperature KW - Chlorine KW - Pathogens KW - Food contamination KW - Storage KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17738232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+by+native+microflora+of+whole+cantaloupe&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+DO%3BFett%2C+W+F%3BSapers%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Food contamination; Pathogens; Disinfection; Chlorine; Storage; Temperature; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pectin/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) composite matrices for biomedical applications AN - 17713420; 5846883 AB - The aim of the research was to develop matrices for the delivery of biologically active substances for tissue regeneration. To this end, a new biodegradable matrix composed of a hydrophobic porous poly(lactide-co- glycolide), p(LGA), network entangled with another network of hydrophilic pectin was fabricated in the presence of calcium chloride. The calcium salts function as both a pore forming reagent and cross-linker for the formation of pectin networks; the method combines creating pores and cross-linking polymers in one step. Microscopic imaging and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a double- network structure of the composite matrices. The pectin enables the composite to carry signal molecules. This is accomplished by linking signal molecules to pectin by physical adsorption or by chemical reaction. The p(LGA) networks in the composite impart mechanical properties comparable to p(LGA) alone. The mechanical properties of the composite are far superior to matrices containing only pectin. Furthermore, the pectin-containing matrices improved cell adhesion and proliferation when compared to plain p(LGA) matrices, as determined in vitro by osteoblast culture. JF - Biomaterials AU - Liu, L AU - Won, Y J AU - Cooke, PH AU - Coffin AU - Fishman, M L AU - Hicks, K B AU - Ma, P X AD - ERRC, US Department of Agriculture, E 600 Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, lsliu@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 3201 EP - 3210 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 25 IS - 16 SN - 0142-9612, 0142-9612 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Osteoblasts KW - Salts KW - Pores KW - Adsorption KW - Biomaterials KW - Calcium chloride KW - Cell culture KW - Hydrophobicity KW - Pectin KW - Cell adhesion KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 110:Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17713420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Pectin%2Fpoly%28lactide-co-glycolide%29+composite+matrices+for+biomedical+applications&rft.au=Liu%2C+L%3BWon%2C+Y+J%3BCooke%2C+PH%3BCoffin%3BFishman%2C+M+L%3BHicks%2C+K+B%3BMa%2C+P+X&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=3201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomaterials&rft.issn=01429612&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biomaterials.2003.10.036 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pectin; Mechanical properties; Pores; Calcium chloride; Hydrophobicity; Cell adhesion; Biomaterials; Salts; Cell culture; Osteoblasts; Adsorption DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.036 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA microarrays and their potential applications for the detection of plant viruses, viroids, and phytoplasmas AN - 17705294; 6101072 AB - DNA microarrays were first described in 1995 for simultaneous analysis of a large-scale gene expression patterns. Since then, they have moved to center stage in many areas of biological research and now assuming an increasingly important role in diagnostics, genomics, pharmacology, cancer and other biomedical research, among others. In this article, we discuss the scientific background and principle of microarrays; describe their types, several technical steps needed for obtaining microarray data, and their current applications. The potential applications of DNA microarrays in detection and identification of plant pathogens, especially viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas are presented. JF - Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Hadidi, A AU - Czosnek, H AU - Barba, M AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ahadidi@yahoo.com Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 97 EP - 104 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 1125-4653, 1125-4653 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Gene expression KW - Phytoplasma KW - genomics KW - Pathogens KW - Viroids KW - Plant viruses KW - DNA microarrays KW - V 22181:Detection KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17705294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=DNA+microarrays+and+their+potential+applications+for+the+detection+of+plant+viruses%2C+viroids%2C+and+phytoplasmas&rft.au=Hadidi%2C+A%3BCzosnek%2C+H%3BBarba%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hadidi&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=11254653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Phytoplasma; Pathogens; genomics; Plant viruses; Viroids; DNA microarrays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural occurrence of Phytophthora infestans on black nightshade (Solarium nigrum) in Wales AN - 17700907; 6080195 AB - There is only one published record of natural infection of black nightshade (Solarium nigrum L.) by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in England (3) and none from Wales. In August 2001, brown, necrotic leaf lesions with pale green margins were found on black nightshade weeds in a potato trial naturally infected with P. infestans at Henfaes Research Centre, University of Wales, Bangor. Although the plants were low growing with large, succulent leaves 4 to 5 cm long instead of having a more erect habit and smaller leaves, their identity was confirmed as S. nigrum; their atypical appearance may relate to the known phenotypic plasticity of this species (4). Infected leaflets incubated in moist chambers produced sporangia typical of P. infestans, and zoospores were released after chilling in water. Five isolates obtained from leaf fragments had growth on rye agar that was indistinguishable from that of P. infestans from potato. Detached leaflets of S. nigrum and S. tuberosum cv. Green Mountain inoculated with the S. nigrum isolates developed sporulating lesions under high humidity in 7 to 10 days; uninoculated controls remained symptomless. Inoculation of attached leaves of 10 potted S. nigrum plants resulted in seven plants developing necrotic lesions with a few sporangia 10 to 14 days later; sporulation developed mainly on lower leaves of plants that were older or had senesced. The remaining plants developed necrotic lesions with no sporulation, and P. infestans was reisolated from sporulating and nonsporulating lesions. All isolates were A1 mating type, metalaxyl-sensitive, and mitochondrial haplotype IIa, which are characteristics found commonly in isolates of P. infestans from potato in Wales (1). Single-sporangial isolates from each isolate were homozygous for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase (Gpi 100/100, Pep 100/100). RG57 fingerprint analysis further established that all five black nightshade isolates were identical to each other and to some local P. infestans isolates from potato. P. infestans in Wales belongs to the new population (1), which may infect a wider host-range than the old US-1 clonal lineage. However, infected black nightshade was only found after late blight was widespread in potato fields. In subsequent years at the same site, weeds of S. nigrum have remained noninfected despite high levels of late blight pressure on adjacent potato plots. There is no evidence to suggest that this species acts as an overwintering host in Wales since it is an annual and lacks frost resistance. Field infection of S. nigrum by P. infestans has recently been reported in the Netherlands (2). Our observations confirm the potential of P. infestans to infect another solanaceous plant species. Alternative hosts may interfere with current disease control strategies because infected weeds would escape fungicide application and could serve as reservoirs of inoculum throughout the growing season. JF - Plant Disease AU - Deahl, K L AU - Shaw, D S AU - Cooke, L R AD - Vegetable Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 771 VL - 88 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - metalaxyl KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Sporangia KW - Plant diseases KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - phenotypic plasticity KW - Disease control KW - Sporulation KW - Leaves KW - Humidity KW - Mitochondria KW - Mating types KW - peptidase KW - British Isles, Wales KW - Necrosis KW - Haplotypes KW - Late blight KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Fungicides KW - Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17700907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Natural+occurrence+of+Phytophthora+infestans+on+black+nightshade+%28Solarium+nigrum%29+in+Wales&rft.au=Deahl%2C+K+L%3BShaw%2C+D+S%3BCooke%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Deahl&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Phytophthora infestans; British Isles, Wales; Leaves; Necrosis; Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; Late blight; Sporangia; Sporulation; Mitochondria; Plant diseases; Fungicides; Mating types; Disease control; Humidity; peptidase; Haplotypes; phenotypic plasticity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbotryum scolymi, a rare smut fungus new for Greece AN - 17699155; 6101079 AB - The rare Microbotryum scolymi, a micromycete recently discovered in Greece, damages heavily the heads of Scolymus hispanicus, thus is regarded as a potential biological control agent for Scolymus thistles. Description, illustrations, synonyms, host plant range and geographical distribution of M. scolymi are given, together with a key to the Microbotryum species on Compositae. JF - Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Kashefi, J AU - Vanky, K AD - USDA ARS, European Biological Control Laboratory, Tsimiski 43, 54623 Thessaloniki, Greece, javidk@afs.edu.gr Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 157 EP - 159 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 1125-4653, 1125-4653 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Plant diseases KW - Smut KW - Geographical distribution KW - Greece KW - Asteraceae KW - Microbotryum scolymi KW - Scolymus hispanicus KW - Host plants KW - K 03010:Fungi KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17699155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Microbotryum+scolymi%2C+a+rare+smut+fungus+new+for+Greece&rft.au=Kashefi%2C+J%3BVanky%2C+K&rft.aulast=Kashefi&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=11254653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Geographical distribution; Smut; Plant diseases; Host plants; Asteraceae; Microbotryum scolymi; Scolymus hispanicus; Greece ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of brown root rot of alfalfa caused by Phoma sclerotioides in Wisconsin AN - 17697330; 6080202 AB - Brown root rot (BRR) has been associated with winterkill of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the temperate regions of North America where winters are severe (1). Although suspected, BRR has not been associated with winterkill of alfalfa in the upper Midwestern United States. Alfalfa plants exhibiting symptoms resembling those induced by the causal agent Phoma sclerotioides G. Preuss ex Sacc. were collected from fields in Marinette, Pierce, and Marathon counties in Wisconsin during the spring and early summer of 2003. Symptoms included stunting- and decline in 1-to 3-year-old plants that were slow to break dormancy in the early spring. Roots frequently exhibited dark brown lesions or were entirely decayed. Advanced lesions often formed dark bands around the circumference of tap and secondary roots. Beaked pycnidial structures typical of P. sclerotioides were also observed on many samples with advanced lesions. Plants with symptoms of BRR were also observed in Clark, Langlade, Lincoln, Oconto, Shawno, Taylor, and Wood counties. Several lesion areas of tissue on the tap and lateral roots of each sample were excised with a sterile scalpel. Total DNA was extracted using the Fast DNA kit (Bio 101, Carlsbad, CA). In addition, soil samples were collected in the root rhizosphere of symptomatic plants from four fields in two counties. Soil DNA was extracted with the Ultra-Clean DNA soil extraction kit (Mo Bio. Solana Beach, CA). DNA extractions were diluted 1:10 or 1:50, and samples were evaluated for the presence of P. sclerotioides using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers according to the method described previously (4). Amplicons of the expected size (499 bp) were detected from alfalfa roots sampled from Marathon (4 of 4), Marinette (4 of 5), and Pierce (4 of 4) counties but not in roots from healthy controls produced in the greenhouse at Prosser, WA. PCR amplicons were also produced from all field soil samples in Marathon and Marinette counties. Proof of pathogenicity via Koch's postulates for this host-pathogen system was not attempted because ot the extensive time period required (1). However, characteristic beaked pycnidia were present, and the pathogen was identified using PCR on DNA from roots symptomatic of BRR. Detection of BRR has been limited in the United States to Wyoming (2), but has been thought to occur in other states with severe winters (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. sclerotioides in Wisconsin. JF - Plant Disease AU - Larsen, R C AU - Grau, C R AU - Vandemark, G J AU - Hughes, T J AU - Hudelson, B D AD - USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 769 VL - 88 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Rhizosphere KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Soil KW - Phoma sclerotioides KW - Pathogenicity KW - Detection KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Dormancy KW - Plant diseases KW - Root rot KW - Greenhouses KW - Pycnidia KW - Medicago sativa KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17697330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+brown+root+rot+of+alfalfa+caused+by+Phoma+sclerotioides+in+Wisconsin&rft.au=Larsen%2C+R+C%3BGrau%2C+C+R%3BVandemark%2C+G+J%3BHughes%2C+T+J%3BHudelson%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phoma sclerotioides; Medicago sativa; USA, Wisconsin; Soil; Polymerase chain reaction; Root rot; Plant diseases; Detection; Pycnidia; Greenhouses; Rhizosphere; Dormancy; Pathogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Possible cause of European blueberry disease is related to North American milkweed yellows phytoplasma AN - 17695285; 6101076 AB - A phytoplasma lineage previously found in Germany and North America was identified in diseased plants of wild European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) exhibiting symptoms of shoot proliferation in Lithuania. On the basis of RFLP and nucleotide sequence analyses of 16S rDNA, the phytoplasma (strain VAC-L) was classified in the group 16SrIII (X-disease phytoplasma group), subgroup F. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16SrRNA gene sequences confirmed that the VAC-L phytoplasma is closely related to phytoplasma strain VAC from diseased, cultivated blueberry in Germany and to North American milkweed yellows phytoplasma strain MW1, both of which are classified in subgroup III-F. The results extend the known geographic range of phytoplasmal diseases in blueberry, and raise questions concerning intercontinental movement of subgroup III-F strains and their potential to infect cultivated Vaccinium spp. in North America. JF - Journal of Plant Pathology AU - Valiunas, D AU - Alminaite, A AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Davis, R E AU - Maas, J L AD - Microbial Molecular Biology Unit, Laboratory of Plant Viruses, Institute of Botany, Vilnius LT-2021, Lithuania, jomantir@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 135 EP - 140 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 1125-4653, 1125-4653 KW - Bilberry KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Phylogeny KW - Shoots KW - North America KW - Plant diseases KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Yellows KW - Lithuania KW - Phytoplasma KW - Germany KW - Vaccinium myrtillus KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17695285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Possible+cause+of+European+blueberry+disease+is+related+to+North+American+milkweed+yellows+phytoplasma&rft.au=Valiunas%2C+D%3BAlminaite%2C+A%3BJomantiene%2C+R%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BMaas%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Valiunas&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=11254653&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shoots; Phylogeny; Plant diseases; Nucleotide sequence; Yellows; Phytoplasma; rRNA 16S; Vaccinium myrtillus; North America; Lithuania; Germany ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of the pitch canker fungus (Fusarium circinatum) in the Sierra Nevada of California AN - 17692444; 6080196 AB - The pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum (teleomorph Gibberella circinata), was isolated from a branch originating from rootstock of a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) graft in a breeding orchard at 1,000-m elevation in El Dorado County, California. We visited the orchard after the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry reported in November 2003 that a Douglas-fir scion (branch cutting) shipped from there in January - and subsequently grafted and held in a quarantine facility near Christchurch - was infected with the pitch canker fungus. We took samples throughout the orchard of any branches that appeared unhealthy. In addition, asymptomatic branches from the tree alleged to be the source of the New Zealand infestation were collected to assay for propagules of F. circinatum. Wash water from these branches was negative for the pathogen. Likewise, F. circinatum was not recovered from water washings of 20 branches collected randomly throughout the orchard. Fifteen branch samples collected from symptomatic Douglas-fir grafts were cultured on water agar and only one yielded a colony with an appearance consistent with F. circinatum. A single spore subculture of this isolate was confirmed as F. circinatum on the basis of colony morphology and the structure of the microconidiophores (1). The virulence of this isolate was evaluated by inoculating susceptible 2-year-old Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) seedlings with a toothpick to wound the main stem and insert potato dextrose agar colonized by the fungus. Twenty-four days later, pitching and yellow needles were evident at the site of inoculation, and removal of the bark revealed resin-soaked and discolored tissue. Concurrent with the pathogenicity test described above, a culture of the putative F. circinatum isolated in New Zealand was inoculated into Monterey pines with an identical outcome. The fungus was reisolated from lesions from both sets of inoculations and confirmed as F. circinatum based on morphological criteria. Isolates GL285 and GL286 are available from T. R. Gordon upon request. Prior to its discovery in the Sierra Nevada, pitch canker in California was known only from counties on or near the coast. Our report indicates the pathogen can survive and infect trees 110 km east of the previous most-inland site of infestation. It remains to be seen how extensively pitch canker will develop in the Sierra Nevada. Douglas-fir is only moderately susceptible to F. circinatum, which has not been observed to cause significant damage to this species. On the other hand, low-elevation Sierra Nevada pines including P. sabiniana, P. coulteri, and P. ponderosa are substantially more susceptible than are Douglas-fir in greenhouse tests (2). JF - Plant Disease AU - Vogler AU - Gordon, T R AU - Aegerter, B J AU - Kirkpatrick, S C AU - Lunak, G A AU - Stover, P AU - Violett, P AD - Institute of Forest Genetics, USDA, Forest Service, PSW Research Station, Davis, CA 95616 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 772 VL - 88 IS - 7 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microconidiophores KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Propagules KW - Bark KW - Orchards KW - Greenhouses KW - Virulence KW - dextrose KW - Pinus radiata KW - Infestation KW - Pitch canker KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Inoculation KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - Seedlings KW - USA, California KW - Spores KW - Fusarium circinatum KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17692444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+the+pitch+canker+fungus+%28Fusarium+circinatum%29+in+the+Sierra+Nevada+of+California&rft.au=Vogler%3BGordon%2C+T+R%3BAegerter%2C+B+J%3BKirkpatrick%2C+S+C%3BLunak%2C+G+A%3BStover%2C+P%3BViolett%2C+P&rft.aulast=Vogler&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=772&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium circinatum; Pinus radiata; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Solanum tuberosum; USA, California; Pitch canker; Orchards; Infestation; Inoculation; Plant diseases; Propagules; dextrose; Spores; Virulence; Seedlings; Greenhouses; Bark ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Resting Habitat Selection By Fishers In California AN - 17666310; 6485718 AB - We studied the resting habitat ecology of fishers (Martes pennanti) in 2 disjunct populations in California, USA: the northwestern coastal mountains (hereafter, Coastal) and the southern Sierra Nevada (hereafter, Sierra). We described resting structures and compared features surrounding resting structures (the resting site) with those at randomly selected sites that also were centered on a large structure. We developed Resource Selection Functions (RSFs) using logistic regression to model selection of resting sites within home ranges, and we evaluated alternative models using an information-theoretic approach. Forty-five fishers were radiomarked, resulting in 599 resting locations. Standing trees (live and dead) were the most common resting structures, with California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) and Douglas-fir (Psuedotsuga menziesii) the most frequent species in the Sierra and Coastal study areas, respectively. Resting structures were among the largest diameter trees available, averaging 117.3 plus or minus 45.2 (mean plus or minus SE) cm for live conifers, 119.8 plus or minus 45.3 for conifer snags, and 69.0 plus or minus 24.7 for hardwoods. Females used cavity structures more often than males, while males used platform structures significantly more than females. The diversity of types and sizes of rest structures used by males suggested that males were less selective than females. In the Sierra study area, where surface water was less common, we found almost twice as many resting sites as random points within 100 m of water. Multivariate regression analysis resulted in the selection of RSFs for 4 subsets of the data: all individuals, Sierra only, Coastal only, and females only. The top model for the combined analysis indicated that fishers in California select sites for resting with a combination of dense canopies, large maximum tree sizes, and steep slopes. In the Sierra study area, the presence of nearby water and the contribution of hardwoods were more important model parameters than in the Coastal area, where the presence of large conifer snags was an important predictor. Based on our results, managers can maintain resting habitat for fishers by favoring the retention of large trees and the recruitment of trees that achieve the largest sizes. Maintaining dense canopy in the vicinity of large trees, especially if structural diversity is increased, will improve the attractiveness of these large trees to fishers. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Zielinski, W J AU - Truex, R L AU - Schmidt, G A AU - Schlexer, F V AU - Schmidt, K N AU - Barrett, R H AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, CA 95521, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 475 EP - 492 PB - The Wildlife Society VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - California black oak KW - Fisher KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Freshwater KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 01341:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17666310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Resting+Habitat+Selection+By+Fishers+In+California&rft.au=Zielinski%2C+W+J%3BTruex%2C+R+L%3BSchmidt%2C+G+A%3BSchlexer%2C+F+V%3BSchmidt%2C+K+N%3BBarrett%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Zielinski&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2193%2F0022-541X%282004%290682.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-541X&volume=68&issue=3&page=475 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0475:RHSBFI]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy Of Aircraft Landing Lights In Stimulating Avoidance Behavior In Birds AN - 17664763; 6485744 AB - Aircraft collisions with wildlife (primarily birds) are costly in terms of injury or loss of human life, loss of the animals involved, damage to property and business, and the use of lethal control of wildlife at airports worldwide. One potential nonlethal technique to reduce bird-aircraft collisions-pulsed white and wavelength-specific aircraft-mounted light-has been considered for nearly 3 decades, but the efficacy of the technique has not been evaluated quantitatively. We tested the hypothesis that during daylight, captive birds exposed to an approaching ground-based vehicle exhibiting pulsing 250-W white aircraft landing lights would initiate avoidance behavior more quickly than birds experiencing an oncoming vehicle with nonpulsing (steady) or no lights (control). In experiments involving captive brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), Canada geese (Branta canadensis), European starlings (Sturnis vulgaris), herring gulls (Larus argentatus), and mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), only cow-birds exhibited a response to the landing lights, but not consistently. Specifically, cowbird groups (9 groups/treatment, 6 birds/group) responded more quickly to pulse versus control treatments, equating to a greater distance (x plus or minus SE) of the approaching vehicle from mid-cage per reacting bird (control: 35.8 plus or minus 9.7 m, pulse: 50.5 plus or minus 10.9 m; P = 0.015). However, in a subsequent experiment involving the exposure of cowbirds to control, pulse, and steady-light treatments, we observed no difference in response among treatment groups. Although 250-W white landing lights pulsed at 45 cycles/min influenced behavior of captive birds in response to an oncoming ground-based vehicle, the avoidance response was inconsistent across experiments with cowbirds, and we observed little or no avoidance behavior in experiments with other species. We suggest that further research is needed to investigate avian response to specific light wavelengths and pulse frequencies. JF - Journal of Wildlife Management AU - Blackwell, B F AU - Bernhardt, GE AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 725 EP - 732 PB - The Wildlife Society VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0022-541X, 0022-541X KW - Brown-headed cowbird KW - Canada goose KW - Herring gull KW - Mourning dove KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 01423:Behaviour KW - Y 25886:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17664763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Efficacy+Of+Aircraft+Landing+Lights+In+Stimulating+Avoidance+Behavior+In+Birds&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+B+F%3BBernhardt%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=725&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.issn=0022541X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2193%2F0022-541X%282004%290682.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-541X&volume=68&issue=3&page=725 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2004)068[0725:EOALLI]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Neurotoxic Clostridium botulinum Type C in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in the Salton Sea AN - 17620131; 6119796 AB - Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) have been implicated as the source of type C toxin in avian botulism outbreaks in pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) at the Salton Sea in southern California (USA). We collected sick, dead, and healthy fish from various sites throughout the Sea during the summers of 1999 through 2001 and tested them for the presence of Clostridium botulinum type C cells by polymerase chain reaction targeting the C sub(1) neurotoxin gene. Four of 96 (4%), 57 of 664 (9%), and five of 355 (1%) tilapia tested were positive for C. botulinum type C toxin gene in 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. The total number of positive fish was significantly greater in 2000 than in 2001 (P<0.0001). No difference in numbers of positives was detected between sick and dead fish compared with live fish. In 2000, no significant relationships were revealed among the variables studied, such as location and date of collection. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Nol, P AU - Rocke, TE AU - Gross, K AU - Yuill, T M AD - USGS National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA, pauline.nol@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 414 EP - 419 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - American white pelican KW - Brown Pelican KW - Mozambique mouth-breeder KW - Mozambique mouthbrooder KW - Mozambique tilapia KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Freshwater KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 01484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17620131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Neurotoxic+Clostridium+botulinum+Type+C+in+the+Gastrointestinal+Tracts+of+Tilapia+%28Oreochromis+mossambicus%29+in+the+Salton+Sea&rft.au=Nol%2C+P%3BRocke%2C+TE%3BGross%2C+K%3BYuill%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Nol&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Avian Use of Successional Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Woodlands Along the Middle Missouri River AN - 17614817; 6051240 AB - Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) woodlands are important habitats for birds. Yet, little is known of the relations between bird habitat and succession in these woodlands. We studied the bird community in cottonwood woodlands from early to late seral stages along the Missouri River in central South Dakota from 1990 to 1992 to describe quantitative relations between avifauna and ecological patterns of succession in cottonwood woodlands along the Missouri River. The vegetation in the early seral cottonwood was characterized by a high density of seedlings and saplings that were restricted to narrow bands along the rivers. Late seral cottonwoods were characterized by a few large old trees that extended across the flood plain. Seventy-nine percent of the bird species were woodland obligates. Birds that nest in trees or cavities were the most common, while shrub and ground nesting birds were relatively uncommon. Total bird abundance, species diversity, species richness, richness of woodland obligates, abundance in the tree-nesting guild, abundance in the cavity-nesting guild and abundance in the shrub-nesting guild were greater (P 0.10) in early or early intermediate seral cottonwood. Bell's vireos (Vireo belli), indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea) and brown thrashers (Toxostoma rufum) occurred predominantly in early or early intermediate seral stages, but no significant differences among seral stages were noted. Expanses of late seral cottonwood on flood plains will likely decline because controlled river flows reduce flooding that is necessary for cottonwood regeneration. Cottonwood regeneration was evident only in narrow bands along the river channels. Cavity nesting species will be the most negatively affected by loss of late seral cottonwood. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Rumble, MA AU - Gobeille, JE AD - USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Center for Great Plains Ecosystem Research, 1730 Samco Road, Rapid City, South Dakota 57702 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 165 EP - 177 PB - University of Notre Dame VL - 152 IS - 1 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Bell's vireo KW - Brown thrasher KW - Eastern cottonwood KW - Indigo bunting KW - Plains cottonwood KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Q5 01523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q1 01463:Habitat community studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17614817?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Avian+Use+of+Successional+Cottonwood+%28Populus+deltoides%29+Woodlands+Along+the+Middle+Missouri+River&rft.au=Rumble%2C+MA%3BGobeille%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Rumble&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%282004%291522.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-0031&volume=152&page=165 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2004)152<0165:AUOSCP>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris', a novel phytoplasma taxon associated with aster yellows and related diseases AN - 17456656; 6652750 AB - Aster yellows (AY) group (16SrI) phytoplasmas are associated with over 100 economically important diseasesworldwide and represent the most diverse and widespread phytoplasma group. Strains that belong to the AY group form a phylogenetically discrete subclade within the phytoplasma clade and are related most closely to the stolbur phytoplasma subclade, based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. AY subclade strains are related more closely to their culturable relatives, Acholeplasma spp., than any other phytoplasmas known. Within the AY subclade, six distinct phylogenetic lineages were revealed. Congruent phytogenies obtained by analyses of tuf gene and ribosomal protein (rp) operon gene sequences further resolved the diversity among AY group phytoplasmas. Distinct phylogenetic lineages were identified by RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA, tuf or rp gene sequences. Ten subgroups were differentiated, based on analysis of rp gene sequences. It is proposed that AY group phytoplasmas represent at least one novel taxon. Strain OAY, which is a member of subgroups 16SrI-B, rpI-E and tufI-B and is associated with evening primrose (Oenothera hookeri) virescence in Michigan, USA, was selected as the reference strain for the novel taxon 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris'. A comprehensive database of diverse AY phytoplasma strains and their geographical distribution is presented. JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Lee, I-M AU - Gundersen-Rindal, DE AU - Davis, R E AU - Bottner, K D AU - Marcone, C AU - Seemueller, E AD - USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 1037 EP - 1048 VL - 54 IS - 4 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - tuf gene KW - Geographical distribution KW - Acholeplasma KW - Phytoplasma KW - Stolbur KW - Candidatus phytoplasma asteris KW - Oenothera hookeri KW - Ribosomal proteins KW - Yellows KW - Operons KW - rRNA 16S KW - Evolution KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17456656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=%27Candidatus+Phytoplasma+asteris%27%2C+a+novel+phytoplasma+taxon+associated+with+aster+yellows+and+related+diseases&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BGundersen-Rindal%2C+DE%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BBottner%2C+K+D%3BMarcone%2C+C%3BSeemueller%2C+E&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1037&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fijs.0.02843-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tuf gene; Phylogeny; Geographical distribution; Ribosomal proteins; Yellows; Phytoplasma; Stolbur; Operons; rRNA 16S; Evolution; Oenothera hookeri; Acholeplasma; Candidatus phytoplasma asteris DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02843-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial patterns of light gaps in mesic grasslands AN - 17427254; 6212086 AB - The spatial pattern of light gaps in mesic grasslands in central Texas with contrasting disturbance histories was assessed using patch-based landscape metrics determined from a threshold level (25% of full sunlight), as light intensities below this threshold substantially decrease survival of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa Torr.) seedlings. The spatial pattern of light gaps, with the exception of edge density, were significantly different between annually-disturbed and non-disturbed grasslands on all sample dates (2 April, 30 April, 29 May, and 26 June 1998). Differences in patch metrics did not occur between non-disturbed grasslands despite contrasting vegetation composition [perennial forbs and perennial bunch (tussock) grasses]. Patch-based landscape metrics of light gaps did vary temporally in both annually-disturbed and non-disturbed grasslands. The structure and spatial configuration of light gaps were distinctly different between annually-disturbed and non-disturbed grasslands: a low density of large patches characterized light gaps in annually-disturbed grassland, whereas non-disturbed grasslands had a high density of small patches. Our findings demonstrate that the current disturbance regime is the principal environmental driver influencing species dominance and composition, and indirectly vegetation structure, which collectively contribute to the observed dynamics of light gap patches in these mesic grasslands. Incorporating spatially explicit consideration of light gap structure and dynamics into experimental studies addressing invasion of weedy plant species such as honey mesquite may be an effective approach to address mechanisms and the ecological significance of disturbance operating as a driver facilitating woody plant invasions in mesic grasslands.Original Abstract: El patron espacial de los huecos de luz en los pastizales mesicos de la region central de Texas con historias de disturbio contrastantes fueron evaluadas usando metricas de paisaje basadas en parches determinadas de un nivel de umbral (25% de luz solar total), las intensidades de luz abajo de este nivel decrecen substancialmente la supervivencia de las plantulas de 'Mesquite' (Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa Torr.). El patron espacial de los huecos de luz, con excepcion de la densidad en la orilla, fueron significativamente diferentes entre pastizales disturbados anualmente y pastizales sin disturbio, esto fue para todas las fechas de muestreo (2 de Abril, 30 de Abril, 29 de Mayo y 26, de June de1998). No ocurrieron diferencias en las metricas del parche entre pastizales sin disturbio, a pesar de la composicion contrastante de la vegetacion [hierbas perennes y zacates perennes amacollados]. Las mediciones de los huecos de luz del paisaje basadas en parches varian temporalmente tanto en pastizales con disturbio anual como en pastizales sin disturbio. La estructura y configuracion espacial de los huecos de luz fueron distintivamente diferentes entre los pastizales con disturbio anual y los pastizales sin disturbio: una baja densidad de grandes parches caracterizo los huecos de luz en los pastizales disturbados anualmente, mientras que los pastizales sin disturbio tenian una alta densidad de parches pequenos. Nuestros hallazgos demuestran que el regimen actual de disturbio es la principal fuerza ambiental que influye en la dominancia de especies y la composicion e indirectamente en la estructura de la vegetacion, lo cual contribuye colectivamente a las dinamicas observadas de los parches de huecos de luz de estos pastizales mesicos, incorporando la consideracion espacial explicita de la estructura de los huecos de luz y sus dinamicas dentro estudios experimentales que aborden la invasion de especies de maleza tales como el 'Mesquite' puede ser un enfoque efectivo para estudiar los mecanismos y la significancia ecologica del disturbio operando como un factor que facilita la invasion de plantas lenosas en los pastizales mesicos. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Derner, J D AU - Wu, X B AD - Rangeland Scientist, USDA-ARS, High Plains Grasslands Research Station, Cheyenne, Wyo., 82009 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 393 EP - 398 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Grasslands KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Landscape KW - Survival KW - Prosopis glandulosa glandulosa KW - Disturbance KW - Range management KW - Light effects KW - Dominance KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17427254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Spatial+patterns+of+light+gaps+in+mesic+grasslands&rft.au=Derner%2C+J+D%3BWu%2C+X+B&rft.aulast=Derner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=393 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grasslands; Vegetation patterns; Landscape; Survival; Disturbance; Range management; Dominance; Light effects; Prosopis glandulosa glandulosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0393:SPOLGI]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Livestock forage conditioning: Bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, and bottlebrush squirreltail AN - 17427197; 6212085 AB - Research on Anderson and Scherzinger's hypothesis that spring cattle grazing can positively affect subsequent nutritional characteristics of grasses have generated mixed results. Our objectives were: 1) to evaluate fall/winter nutritional indices of bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum [Pursh] Scribn. & Smith), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer), and bottlebrush squirreltail (Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) Smith) in ungrazed, lightly grazed (33% utilization), or heavily grazed (69% utilization) pastures stocked with cattle at the boot stage of growth; and 2) to quantify opportunity costs of applying those treatments on fall standing crop. Compared with ungrazed stands, light and heavy spring grazing decreased September standing crop by 32 and 67%, respectively. September/December crude protein (CP) among heavily grazed grasses (x = 6.9%) exceeded ungrazed controls (x = 3.9%) for 11 of 12 comparisons. Crude protein of lightly grazed grasses (x = 5.2%) was higher than ungrazed controls for 6 of 12 comparisons. Herbage was more nutritious during the drier of the 2 years sampled. Among grazed treatments, fall/winter CP measures were highest for bottlebrush squirreltail (x = 7.4%), intermediate for Idaho fescue (5.9%), and lowest for bluebunch wheatgrass (0=4.9%). In fall/winter, herbage was most digestible in heavily grazed paddocks (x = 59%), intermediate in lightly grazed paddocks (x = 53%), and least digestible in ungrazed areas (x = 49%). Light and heavy spring cattle grazing can augment fall/winter forage quality of bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, and bottlebrush squirreltail. Spring grazing reduces subsequent standing crop, but remaining forage will be nutritionally superior to herbage in ungrazed stands.Original Abstract: La investigacion sobre la hipotesis de Anderson y Scherzinger de que el apacentamiento del ganado en primavera puede afectar positivamente las caracteristicas nutricionales subsecuentes de los zacates ha producido resultados mixtos. Nuestros objetivos fueron: 1) evaluar indices nutricionales de otono/invierno de 'Bluebunch wheatgrass' (Agropyron spicatum [Pursh] Scribn. & Smith), 'Idaho fescue' (Festuca idahoensis Elmer) y 'Bottlebrush squirreltail' (Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) Smith) en potreros sin apacentar, ligeramente apacentados (33% de utilizacion) y fuertemente apacentados (69% de utilizacion) cargados con ganado en la epoca de embuche (antes de la floracion) y 2) cuantificar los costos de oportunidad de aplicar esos tratamientos en la biomasa en pie de otono. Comparado con las poblaciones sin apacentar, el apacentamiento ligero y fuerte en Septiembre reducen la biomasa en pie en 32 y 67% respectivamente. En 11 de 12 comparaciones, el contenido de proteina cruda en Septiembre/Diciembre (CP) entre los zacates fuertemente apacentados (x = 6.9%) excedio el control sin apacentamiento (x = 3.9 percent). La proteina cruda de los zacates ligeramente apacentados (x = 5.2%) fue mayor que la de los zacates control sin apacentar, esto en 6 de 12 comparaciones. El forraje fue mas nutritivo en el ano mas seco de los 2 anos muestreados. Entre los tratamientos de apacentamiento, las mediciones de proteina cruda de otono/invierno mas altas fueron para 'Bottlebrush squirreltail' (x = 7.4%), intermedias para Idaho fescue' (5.9%) y el mas bajo para 'Bluebunch wheatgrass' (x = 4.9%). En Otono /invierno el forraje fue mas digestible en los potreros apacentados fuertemente (x = 59%), intermedio en los apacentados ligeramente (x = 53%) y la menor digestibilidad se detecto en las areas control sin apacentar (x = 49 %). El apacentamiento ligero y fuerte del ganado puede aumentar la calidad del forraje en otono/invierno del 'Bluebunch wheatgrass', 'Idaho fescue' y 'Bottlebrush squirreltail'. El apacentamiento en primavera reduce la biomasa en pie subsecuente, pero el forraje remanente sera nutritivamente superior al forraje de las areas sin apacentar. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Ganskopp, D AU - Svejcar, T AU - Vavra, M AD - Range Scientists, USDA-ARS, Eastern Ore. Agr. Res. Ctr., 67826-A Hwy. 205, Burns, Ore. 97720 Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 384 EP - 392 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Grazing KW - Grasses KW - Festuca idahoensis KW - Sitanion hystrix KW - Range management KW - Pasture KW - Light effects KW - Livestock KW - Agropyron spicatum KW - Rangelands KW - USA, Idaho KW - Standing crop KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17427197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Livestock+forage+conditioning%3A+Bluebunch+wheatgrass%2C+Idaho+fescue%2C+and+bottlebrush+squirreltail&rft.au=Ganskopp%2C+D%3BSvejcar%2C+T%3BVavra%2C+M&rft.aulast=Ganskopp&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=384 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rangelands; Grasses; Grazing; Pasture; Range management; Standing crop; Livestock; Light effects; Agropyron spicatum; Sitanion hystrix; Festuca idahoensis; USA, Idaho DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0384:LFCBWI]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing Soil Carbon of Short Rotation Poplar Plantations with Agricultural Crops and Woodlots in North Central United States AN - 16184038; 6018759 AB - We collected soil samples from 27 study sites across North Central United States to compare the soil carbon of short rotation poplar plantations to adjacent agricultural crops and woodlots. Soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged from 20 to more than 160 Mg/ha across the sampled sites. Lowest SOC levels were found in uplands and highest levels in riparian soils. We attributed differences in bulk density and SOC among cover types to the inclusion of woodlot soils in the analysis. Paired comparison found few differences between poplar and agricultural crops. Sites with significant comparisons varied in magnitude and direction. Relatively greater SOC was often observed in poplar when native soil carbon was low, but there were important exceptions. Woodlots consistently contained greater SOC than the other crops, especially at depth. We observed little difference between paired poplar and switchgrass, both promising bioenergy crops. There was no evidence of changes in poplar SOC relative to adjacent agricultural soils when considered for stand ages up to 12 years. Highly variable native SOC levels and subtle changes over time make verification of soil carbon sequestration among land cover types difficult. In addition to soil carbon storage potential, it is therefore important to consider opportunities offered by long-term sequestration of carbon in solid wood products and carbon-offset through production of bioenergy crops. Furthermore, short rotation poplars and switchgrass offer additional carbon sequestration and other environmental benefits such as soil erosion control, runoff abatement, and wildlife habitat improvement. JF - Environmental Management AU - Coleman, MD AU - Isebrands, J AU - Tolsted, D N AU - Tolbert, V R AD - USDA Forest Service, Savannah River, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 700 New Ellenton, South Carolina, 29809, USA, mcoleman01@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S299 EP - S308 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - USA, North Central KW - Soil KW - Agriculture KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Carbon KW - Populus KW - Forests KW - Land use KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16184038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Comparing+Soil+Carbon+of+Short+Rotation+Poplar+Plantations+with+Agricultural+Crops+and+Woodlots+in+North+Central+United+States&rft.au=Coleman%2C+MD%3BIsebrands%2C+J%3BTolsted%2C+D+N%3BTolbert%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9139-9 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S299.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Soil; Carbon sequestration; Carbon; Forests; Land use; Populus; USA, North Central DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Land Management in the American Southwest: A State-and-Transition Approach to Ecosystem Complexity AN - 16183433; 6018794 AB - State-and-transition models are increasingly being used to guide rangeland management. These models provide a relatively simple, management-oriented way to classify land condition (state) and to describe the factors that might cause a shift to another state (a transition). There are many formulations of state-and-transition models in the literature. The version we endorse does not adhere to any particular generalities about ecosystem dynamics, but it includes consideration of several kinds of dynamics and management response to them. In contrast to previous uses of state-and-transition models, we propose that models can, at present, be most effectively used to specify and qualitatively compare the relative benefits and potential risks of different management actions (e.g., fire and grazing) and other factors (e.g., invasive species and climate change) on specified areas of land. High spatial and temporal variability and complex interactions preclude the meaningful use of general quantitative models. Forecasts can be made on a case-by-case basis by interpreting qualitative and quantitative indicators, historical data, and spatially structured monitoring data based on conceptual models. We illustrate how science- based conceptual models are created using several rangeland examples that vary in complexity. In doing so, we illustrate the implications of designating plant communities and states in models, accounting for varying scales of pattern in vegetation and soils, interpreting the presence of plant communities on different soils and dealing with our uncertainty about how those communities were assembled and how they will change in the future. We conclude with observations about how models have helped to improve management decision-making. JF - Environmental Management AU - Bestelmeyer, B T AU - Herrick, JE AU - Brown, J R AU - Trujillo, DA AU - Havstad, K M AD - USDA-ARS, Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 88003, New Mexico, USA, bbestelm@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 38 EP - 51 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - USA, Southwest KW - Climatic changes KW - Soil KW - Vegetation cover KW - Regional planning KW - Fires KW - Grazing KW - Climate KW - Vegetation KW - decision making KW - Accounting KW - Decision making KW - Rangelands KW - Community composition KW - Ecosystem dynamics KW - Plant communities KW - Plants KW - Invasive species KW - Environment management KW - M3 1120:Land KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16183433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Land+Management+in+the+American+Southwest%3A+A+State-and-Transition+Approach+to+Ecosystem+Complexity&rft.au=Bestelmeyer%2C+B+T%3BHerrick%2C+JE%3BBrown%2C+J+R%3BTrujillo%2C+DA%3BHavstad%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Bestelmeyer&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=38&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-004-0047-4 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/4034001/40340038.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Grazing; Climatic changes; Climate; Vegetation; Accounting; Soil; Vegetation cover; Rangelands; Decision making; Community composition; Ecosystem dynamics; Plants; Plant communities; Invasive species; Regional planning; Environment management; decision making; USA, Southwest DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0047-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of Carbon Sequestration by Combining Remote Sensing and Net Ecosystem Exchange Data for Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie and Sagebrush-Steppe Ecosystems AN - 16183408; 6018771 AB - Carbon sequestration was estimated a northern mixed-grass prairie site and a sagebrush-steppe site in southeastern Wyoming using an approach that integrates remote sensing, CO sub(2) flux measurements, and meteorological data. Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO sub(2) was measured using aircraft and ground flux techniques and was linearly related to absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR). The slope of this relationship is the radiation use efficiency ( epsilon = 0.51 g C/MJ APAR); there were no significant differences in the regression coefficients between the two sites. Furthermore, ecosystem chamber measurements of total respiration in 1998 and 1999 were used to develop a functional relationship with daily average temperature; the Q sub(10) of the relationship was 2.2. Using the Advanced Very High Resolution radiometer. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and meteorological data, annual gross primary production and respiration were calculated from 1995 to 1999 for the two sites. Overall, the sagebrush-steppe site was a net carbon sink, whereas the northern mixed-grass prairie site was in carbon balance. There was no significant relationship between NEE and APAR for a coniferous forest site, indicating this method for scaling up CO sub(2) flux data may be only applicable to rangeland ecosystems. The combination of remote sensing with data from CO sub(2) flux networks can be used to estimate carbon sequestration regionally in rangeland ecosystems. JF - Environmental Management AU - Hunt, E R AU - Kelly, R D AU - Smith, W K AU - Fahnestock, J T AU - Welker, J M AU - Reiners, WA AD - Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Building 007 Room 104 10300 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA, erhunt@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S432 EP - S441 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Respiration KW - Remote sensing KW - Carbon dioxide flux KW - Forests KW - Primary production KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Prairies KW - Carbon KW - Measuring methods KW - carbon sinks KW - Regression analysis KW - Meteorology KW - Carbon dioxide measurements KW - Photosynthetically active radiation KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Carbon cycle KW - Rangelands KW - Carbon sinks KW - Sampling methods KW - Biosphere-atmosphere interaction KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16183408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+Carbon+Sequestration+by+Combining+Remote+Sensing+and+Net+Ecosystem+Exchange+Data+for+Northern+Mixed-Grass+Prairie+and+Sagebrush-Steppe+Ecosystems&rft.au=Hunt%2C+E+R%3BKelly%2C+R+D%3BSmith%2C+W+K%3BFahnestock%2C+J+T%3BWelker%2C+J+M%3BReiners%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9151-0 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S432.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rangelands; Prairies; Carbon; carbon sinks; Respiration; Remote sensing; Forests; Primary production; Regression analysis; Carbon cycle; Carbon dioxide flux; Carbon dioxide measurements; Photosynthetically active radiation; Carbon sinks; Biosphere-atmosphere interaction; Carbon sequestration; Measuring methods; Meteorology; Sampling methods; USA, Wyoming DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9151-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Method Countries Can Use to Estimate Changes in Carbon Stored in Harvested Wood Products and the Uncertainty of Such Estimates AN - 16182963; 6018783 AB - A method is suggested for estimating additions to carbon stored in harvested wood products (HWP) and for evaluating uncertainty. The method uses data on HWP production and trade from several decades and tracks annual additions to pools of HWP in use, removals from use, additions to solid waste disposal sites (SWDS), and decay from SWDS. The method is consistent with IPCC guidance for estimating emissions from SWDS. Uncertainty is postulated in the form of probability density functions for 14 variables, using Monte Carlo simulation. Results for the United States suggest that uncertainty is most sensitive to uncertainty in production data for solidwood products, the factor used to convert products to carbon, and the proportion of solidwood and paper in SWDS. Uncertainty in the use (service) life of solidwood products has a limited effect because an error offsets changes in products in use and in SWDS. The method provides a starting point for meeting the aims of the IPCC Good Practice Guidance. JF - Environmental Management AU - Skog, KE AU - Pingoud, K AU - Smith, JE AD - Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2398, USA, kskog@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S65 EP - S73 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Carbon KW - Measuring methods KW - Wood KW - Decay KW - Solid wastes KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16182963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=A+Method+Countries+Can+Use+to+Estimate+Changes+in+Carbon+Stored+in+Harvested+Wood+Products+and+the+Uncertainty+of+Such+Estimates&rft.au=Skog%2C+KE%3BPingoud%2C+K%3BSmith%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Skog&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9118-1 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/40330S65.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monte Carlo simulation; Carbon; Wood; Decay; Solid wastes; Carbon sequestration; Measuring methods DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9118-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing Simulated and Measured Soil Organic Carbon Content of Clay Soils for Time Periods Up to 60 Years AN - 16182883; 6018774 AB - The Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator model (EPIC) was recently altered to include algorithms based upon concepts found in the Century model with the exception of a daily time step. We compared measured soil organic carbon (SOC) content values with simulated values to validate the new EPIC simulation model carbon sequestration routine. The simulations were based upon detailed soils data for three clay soils (Udic Haplusterts) and actual weather data recorded near the sample sites. Historical cropping systems for central Texas were simulated for a period of 120 years, the period from the original breaking of the native prairie sod to modern times. In addition, the effect of tilling the soil for 60 or more years and then returning the site to grass was simulated. Periods of restored grass were 6, 26, and 60 years. It was necessary to adjust a parameter, the fraction of humus in the passive pool, to make realistic simulations. Once adjusted, EPIC simulated the decline in SOC with agriculture well at all three sites in central Texas. EPIC also simulated the relative difference in SOC content occurring between continuously tilled sites and sites with restored grass well. JF - Environmental Management AU - Potter, K N AU - Potter AU - Atwood, J D AU - Williams, J R AD - USDA-ARS, Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory, 808 East Blackland Road, Temple, Texas 76502, USA, kpotter@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S457 EP - S461 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Agriculture KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Historical account KW - Clay KW - Organic carbon KW - Simulation KW - USA, Texas KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16182883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Comparing+Simulated+and+Measured+Soil+Organic+Carbon+Content+of+Clay+Soils+for+Time+Periods+Up+to+60+Years&rft.au=Potter%2C+K+N%3BPotter%3BAtwood%2C+J+D%3BWilliams%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9153-y L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S457.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Soil; Historical account; Carbon sequestration; Clay; Organic carbon; Simulation; USA, Texas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9153-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen Leaching and Denitrification in Continuous Corn as Related to Residue Management and Nitrogen Fertilization AN - 16182265; 6018758 AB - Maintaining crop production levels with reductions in terrestrial greenhouse gases requires strategic residue and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management. Our objectives were to: (1) quantify the effect of nitrogen N application rate on N losses; (2) examine the role of residue returned on N transformation and losses; and (3) verify the capability of the NCSWAP/NCSOIL model to simulate the dynamics of N and super(15)N in the soil-plant system. Data obtained from a long-term continuous corn study on a silt loam soil, with two N levels (20 and 200 kg N/ha), with two types of residue management (residue harvested, -R; and residue returned, +R) was used to calibrate the model. The model accurately predicted super(15)N in the plant and soil organic matter (SOM) at the 0- to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm depths for both fertilizer rates and residue managements. Concentrations of super(15)N in the corn and SOM were higher for the 20 than 200 kg N/ha treatments. Greater dilution of the super(15)N with nontracer fertilizer added at the higher fertilizer rate was responsible for differences in super(15)N concentrations in the plant. The predicted cumulative N loss during a 30-year simulation indicates more nitrate leaching past the 1-m depth for -R than +R treatments, while higher denitrification rates were predicted for the +R than -R. The simulated cumulative effect of residue returned on denitrification over 30 years predicted increased cumulative N losses from 1320 to 1705 kg N/ha and 1333 to 2574 kg N/ha for the low and high N application rates, respectively. Better synchronization of N release from residue and addition of N fertilizer with plant-N uptake would minimize leaching and denitrification. JF - Environmental Management AU - Gollany, H T AU - Molina, JA AU - Clapp, CE AU - Allmaras, R R AU - Layese, M F AU - Baker, J M AU - Cheng, H H AD - USDA-ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, P.O. Box. 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, USA, hero.gollany@oregonstate.edu Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S289 EP - S298 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - maize KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Soil KW - Historical account KW - Fertilizers KW - Leaching KW - Zea mays KW - Denitrification KW - Simulation KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Environment management KW - Nitrogen KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16182265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+Leaching+and+Denitrification+in+Continuous+Corn+as+Related+to+Residue+Management+and+Nitrogen+Fertilization&rft.au=Gollany%2C+H+T%3BMolina%2C+JA%3BClapp%2C+CE%3BAllmaras%2C+R+R%3BLayese%2C+M+F%3BBaker%2C+J+M%3BCheng%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Gollany&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9138-x L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S289.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Agriculture; Historical account; Fertilizers; Leaching; Denitrification; Simulation; Greenhouse gases; Environment management; Nitrogen; Zea mays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9138-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data Gaps for Monitoring Forest Carbon in the United States: An Inventory Perspective AN - 16182077; 6018739 AB - There is increasing interest in accurate estimates of regional carbon fluxes, and identification of the causes of land/atmosphere/ocean exchange of carbon. Improved information will lead to better policies for managing greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration. The goals of this paper are to review the capability of ongoing operational inventory programs for estimating forest carbon stocks and stock changes, and to identify opportunities to improve forest carbon monitoring by enhancing these programs and supplementing them with new monitoring capability. Carbon in forest ecosystems and wood products cannot be measured directly. Ongoing forest monitoring programs provide a statistical basis for estimating carbon stocks and stock changes, based on data already collected, with a temporal resolution of about 5 years. Improvements in inventories will shorten the reporting cycle and add some variables that enhance the content with respect to carbon estimation, but it will take about a decade for full implementation. Meanwhile, there is an important role for remote sensing measurements, modeling, and imputation techniques to fill gaps in spatial coverage and content. Elements of the proposed North American Carbon Program, if implemented, will improve the estimates of forest ecosystem carbon. JF - Environmental Management AU - Birdsey, R AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 11 Campus Boulevard, Suite 200, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - S1 EP - S8 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Remote Sensing KW - Ecosystems KW - Climatic changes KW - Remote sensing KW - Forests KW - Lead KW - Carbon KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Atmospheric gases KW - Estimating KW - Surveys KW - Wood KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Hardwood KW - USA KW - Oceans KW - Monitoring KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - O 4090:Conservation and Environmental Protection KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16182077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Data+Gaps+for+Monitoring+Forest+Carbon+in+the+United+States%3A+An+Inventory+Perspective&rft.au=Birdsey%2C+R&rft.aulast=Birdsey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9113-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric gases; Carbon; Climatic changes; Ocean-atmosphere system; Remote sensing; Greenhouse effect; Environmental monitoring; Wood; Forests; Remote Sensing; Ecosystems; Oceans; Estimating; Surveys; Monitoring; Hardwood; Lead; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9113-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biologically Defined Soil Organic Matter Pools as Affected by Rotation and Tillage AN - 16181372; 6018781 AB - The importance of soil organic matter is well recognized; however, changes in C and N fractions are inadequately quantified. The objective of this study was to determine tillage and crop rotation effects on soil organic C and N fractions from a long-term (27-year) study in eastern Kansas. Cropping systems included continuous and rotation sequences of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) on a Muir silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Cumulic Haplustolls). Tillage included conventional (CT), reduced (RT), and no-till (NT). Total C and N (C sub(T) and N sub(T)) were determined on all treatments. Mineralizable C and N (C sub(o) and N sub(o)) and microbial biomass C and N were determined for the NT and CT soybean and sorghum rotations. Cropping systems that included wheat contained the greatest amount of C sub(T) and N sub(T). Continuous wheat contained 2910 g C m super(-2) and 287 g N m super(-2), compared to 2225 g C m super(-2) and 222 g N m super(-2) (0-15 cm) for continuous soybean. No-tillage contained 1128 g C m super(-2) and 109 g N m super(-2) at 0-5 cm compared to 918 g C m super(-2) and 87 g N m super(-2) for CT. Sorghum contained 51% more C sub(o) than soybean, and NT accounted for 59% more C sub(o) than CT. More crop residue was produced and retained in rotations that included sorghum. No-tillage increased C 2440 kg ha super(-1), while CT increased C 340 kg ha super(-1) across all soybean /sorghum rotations. The highest sequestration rate (122 kg C ha super(-1) y super(-1)) was observed with NT sorghum and was equivalent to similar to 3.2% of the plant material (root and shoot, less gain harvest) remaining in the soil annually. JF - Environmental Management AU - Doyle, G L AU - Rice, C W AU - Peterson, DE AU - Steichen, J AD - Graziglands Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 7207 El Reno, Oklahoma 73036, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S528 EP - S538 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Wheat KW - soybean KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - Soil KW - Agriculture KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Organic matter KW - USA, Kansas KW - Glycine max KW - Research programs KW - Nitrogen KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16181372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Biologically+Defined+Soil+Organic+Matter+Pools+as+Affected+by+Rotation+and+Tillage&rft.au=Doyle%2C+G+L%3BRice%2C+C+W%3BPeterson%2C+DE%3BSteichen%2C+J&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9160-z L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S528.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Soil; Carbon sequestration; Organic matter; Research programs; Nitrogen; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; USA, Kansas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9160-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Grazing Effects on Carbon Dynamics in the Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie AN - 16181315; 6018775 AB - The role of rangelands in the regulation of atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations is a critical issue in global climate change research. Rangelands are complex ecosystems that occupy about 50% of the land area in the world and USA. We studied the effects of seasonal grazing on CO sub(2) flux on small plots located on a silty range site in the northern mixed-grass prairie with an Eapa fine loam soil. Treatments were no grazing or short-duration intensive grazing during mid-May or mid-July in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Data were collected from mid-April to mid-October at about 30-day intervals to estimate standing crop, leaf area, soil organic C, root mass to a 30-cm soil depth, and diurnal variation of CO sub(2) flux and soil respiration (at 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 24:00 hr) in closed chambers. Uptake of CO sub(2) was greatest during spring and early summer, peak periods of precipitation and green biomass. Grazing removed an average of about 70% of the green standing crop with a subsequent reduction in CO sub(2) uptake of 175% in May and 109% in July. Grazing in May reduced CO sub(2) uptake for 30 days in two of the three years, whereas, grazing in July reduced CO sub(2) flux only in 1998. Residual effects of grazing, however, declined in late summer and autumn with the onset of plant maturation. The potential C sink in the mixed-grass prairie of the Northern Great Plains appears to be small and will vary through time with intensity and timing of grazing as it interacts with climatic conditions. JF - Environmental Management AU - Haferkamp, M R AU - MacNeil, MD AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, 243 Fort Keogh Road, Miles City, Montana 59301, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S462 EP - S474 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Grazing KW - Climatic changes KW - Precipitation KW - Soil KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Prairies KW - Rangelands KW - Soil depth KW - Carbon KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Seasonal variations KW - Standing crop KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16181315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Grazing+Effects+on+Carbon+Dynamics+in+the+Northern+Mixed-Grass+Prairie&rft.au=Haferkamp%2C+M+R%3BMacNeil%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Haferkamp&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9154-x L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S462.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Soil depth; Rangelands; Prairies; Carbon; Grazing; Precipitation; Standing crop; Agriculture; Carbon sequestration; Climatic changes; Carbon dioxide; Seasonal variations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9154-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon Dioxide Dynamics During a Growing Season in Midwestern Cropping Systems AN - 16180420; 6018762 AB - Daily and seasonal CO sub(2)-exchange dynamics between the boundary layer and biosphere is important to understanding Net Ecosystem Exchange of terrestrial ecosystems. Spatial and temporal variations of CO sub(2) fluxes across midwestern cropping systems have not been well documented. This study was designed to monitor and evaluate spatial and temporal dynamics of CO sub(2) exchange across a watershed region for typical production fields of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the Midwest by quantifying the above-canopy, within-canopy, and soil components of C balance for this cropping system. An energy-balance approach using eddy covariance was utilized across different fields making year-around measurements in both corn and soybean fields to quantify the exchange of CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O between the crop canopy and the atmospheric boundary layer. Within-canopy concentrations of CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O vapor were measured with an eight-port CO sub(2)/H sub(2)O infrared analyzer. Soil respiration was quantified using soil chambers at various landscape positions throughout the growing season. Fluxes of CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O vapor throughout the day were dependent on net radiation and the stage of canopy development. Diurnal variations in CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O vapor fluxes revealed that the magnitude of the fluxes is large and the variation of the fluxes among fields was consistent throughout the season. Integration of the daily fluxes into seasonal totals showed large differences among crops and fields. Flux differences were the result of the effect of varying soil types on water-holding capacity. Seasonal integrated values were lower than estimates derived from biomass samples collected within the fields and the measurement of the C content of the biomass. Within-canopy recycling of soil CO sub(2) may provide insight to this discrepancy. The techniques are available to quantify the CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O vapor fluxes across different management systems and landscapes to help refine our understanding of the magnitude of the CO sub(2) and H sub(2)O dynamics in cropping systems. JF - Environmental Management AU - Prueger, J H AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Parkin, T B AU - Kustas, W P AU - Kaspar, T C AD - USDA/ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S330 EP - S343 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - maize KW - soybean KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Carbon dioxide exchange KW - USA, Midwest KW - Biosphere KW - Glycine max KW - Zea mays KW - Carbon dioxide emissions KW - Seasonal variations KW - Diurnal variations KW - Carbon cycle KW - Land use KW - Carbon dioxide variations KW - Boundary layers KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Biosphere-atmosphere interaction KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16180420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Carbon+Dioxide+Dynamics+During+a+Growing+Season+in+Midwestern+Cropping+Systems&rft.au=Prueger%2C+J+H%3BHatfield%2C+J+L%3BParkin%2C+T+B%3BKustas%2C+W+P%3BKaspar%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Prueger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S330&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9142-1 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S330.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Diurnal variations; Boundary layers; Carbon cycle; Biosphere; Carbon dioxide; Seasonal variations; Land use; Carbon dioxide exchange; Carbon dioxide emissions; Biosphere-atmosphere interaction; Carbon dioxide variations; Zea mays; Glycine max; USA, Midwest DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9142-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen and Carbon Cycling in a Model Longleaf Pine Community as Affected by Elevated Atmospheric CO sub(2) AN - 16180356; 6018742 AB - Increasing global atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration has led to concerns regarding its potential effects on terrestrial ecosystem and the long-term storage of C and N in soil. This study examined responses to elevated CO sub(2) in a typical regenerating longleaf pine-wiregrass community. The model community consisted of five plant species: (1) an evergreen conifer (Pinus palustris), (2) a bunch grass (Aristida stricta), (3) a broadleaf tree (Quercus margaretta), (4) a perennial herbaceous legume (Crotalaria rotundifolia), and (5) a herbaceous perennial (Asclepias tuberosa) grown at two CO sub(2) concentrations (ambient and twice ambient). The CO sub(2)-enriched plots had greater aboveground biomass than ambient plots, mainly due to increased pine biomass. After 3 years, samples of the soil (Blanton loamy sand: loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudult) were collected from 0- to 5-, 5- to 10-, and 10- to 20-cm depth increments. Microbial respiration, potential C and N mineralization, and C turnover were measured during a 120-day incubation of the soil samples. Elevated CO sub(2) decreased soil C respiration and C turnover, but increased N mineralization. Results indicate that soil C sequestration is likely for soils in this longleaf pine ecosystem. JF - Environmental Management AU - Torbert, HA AU - Prior, SA AU - Runion, G B AU - Davis, MA AU - Pritchard, S G AU - Rogers, H H AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama, USA, atorbert@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S132 EP - S138 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Longleaf pine KW - Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Asclepias tuberosa KW - Trees KW - Carbon cycle KW - Mineralization KW - Crotalaria rotundifolia KW - Soil KW - Aristida stricta KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Quercus margaretta KW - Carbon KW - Pinus palustris KW - Plants KW - Nitrogen cycle KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Nitrogen KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16180356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+and+Carbon+Cycling+in+a+Model+Longleaf+Pine+Community+as+Affected+by+Elevated+Atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29&rft.au=Torbert%2C+HA%3BPrior%2C+SA%3BRunion%2C+G+B%3BDavis%2C+MA%3BPritchard%2C+S+G%3BRogers%2C+H+H&rft.aulast=Torbert&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S132&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9123-4 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S132.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Trees; Plants; Carbon cycle; Nitrogen cycle; Mineralization; Soil; Carbon sequestration; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen; Asclepias tuberosa; Aristida stricta; Quercus margaretta; Pinus palustris; Crotalaria rotundifolia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9123-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Six Years of CO sub(2) Flux Measurements for a Moderately Grazed Mixed-Grass Prairie AN - 16180164; 6018770 AB - The large area occupied by temperate grassland ecosystems makes it important to determine their strength as a carbon sink. The Bowen ratio/energy balance (BREB) technique was used to determine CO sub(2) fluxes over a moderately grazed mixed-grass prairie at Mandan, North Dakota, USA, over a 6-year period from 1996 to 2001. Above-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) were measured about every 21 days throughout the growing period. Root biomass was determined to 1.1 m depth in mid-July each year. Peak above-ground biomass typically occurred between mid-July to early August and ranged from 782 kg/ha in 1998 to 2173 kg/ha in 1999. Maximum LAI ranged from 0.4 in 1998 to 0.9 in 1999. Root biomass ranged from 11.8 Mg/ha in 1997 to 17.4 Mg/ha in 1996. Maximum daily CO sub(2) fluxes generally coincided with periods of maximum LAI and above-ground green biomass. The average time period for CO sub(2) uptake was 5 May to 3 October. Annual CO sub(2) fluxes ranged from a low of 13 g CO sub(2)/m super(2) in 1998 to a high of 247 g CO sub(2)/m super(2) in 2001, nearly a 20-fold difference, and averaged 108 g CO sub(2)/m super(2). The cumulative annual flux over all 6 years was 646 g CO sub(2)/m super(2) or 176 g CO sub(2)-C/m super(2). These results indicate that the strength of the carbon sink for this moderately grazed prairie site is about 30 g CO sub(2)-C/m super(2)/yr, which is quite small, but considering that the site was grazed and still remains a sink for carbon, it is significant. JF - Environmental Management AU - Frank, AB AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Mandan, North Dakota 58554, USA, franka@mandan.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S426 EP - S431 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Ecosystems KW - Carbon cycle KW - Carbon dioxide flux KW - Biomass KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Grasslands KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Carbon dioxide measurements KW - Carbon sinks KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Sampling methods KW - Biosphere-atmosphere interaction KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - D 04800:Pollution studies - general KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16180164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Six+Years+of+CO+sub%282%29+Flux+Measurements+for+a+Moderately+Grazed+Mixed-Grass+Prairie&rft.au=Frank%2C+AB&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=AB&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9150-1 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/4033S426.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Historical account; Grasslands; Biomass; Carbon dioxide; Ecosystems; Carbon cycle; Carbon dioxide flux; Carbon dioxide measurements; Carbon sinks; Biosphere-atmosphere interaction; Carbon sequestration; Sampling methods; USA, North Dakota DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9150-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimates of Down Woody Materials in Eastern US Forests AN - 16179124; 6018772 AB - Down woody materials (DWMs) are an important part of forest ecosystems for wildlife habitat, carbon storage, structural diversity, wildfire hazard, and other large-scale ecosystem processes. To better manage forests for DWMs, available and easily accessible data on DWM components are needed. We examined data on DWMs, collected in 2001 by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program on some plots in several states. We compiled DWM data from 778 plots to compute biomass for the following components: coarse woody material, fine woody material (three size classes), litter, duff, and shrub/herb cover. We developed regression equations to predict DWM components for extension to FIA's more intensive plot network. Seven regression equations were applied to the FIA data to create maps of DWM biomass. As a first attempt to summarize FIA DWM measurements and extend them to plots without these data, our model produces reasonable results except possibly for duff and litter. JF - Environmental Management AU - Chojnacky, D C AU - Mickler, R A AU - Heath, L S AU - Woodall, C W AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory Research, Washington, DC 20250-1115, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - S44 EP - S55 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 33 IS - S1 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Shrubs KW - Mathematical models KW - Forests KW - USA, East KW - Habitat KW - Biomass KW - Maps KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Carbon KW - Measuring methods KW - Mapping KW - Environment management KW - Herbs KW - D 04700:Management KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16179124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Estimates+of+Down+Woody+Materials+in+Eastern+US+Forests&rft.au=Chojnacky%2C+D+C%3BMickler%2C+R+A%3BHeath%2C+L+S%3BWoodall%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Chojnacky&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=S1&rft.spage=S44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-003-9116-3 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/40330S1/40330S44.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Shrubs; Mathematical models; Carbon; Forests; Maps; Biomass; Herbs; Carbon sequestration; Measuring methods; Mapping; Habitat; Environment management; USA, East DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9116-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability of wildland fire emissions across the contiguous United States AN - 16173133; 5913266 AB - This study analyzes spatial and temporal variability of emissions from wildland fires across the contiguous US. The emissions are estimates based on a recently constructed dataset of historical fire records collected by multiple US governmental agencies. Both wildfire and prescribed fires have the highest emissions over the Pacific coastal states. Prescribed fire emissions are also found to be high over the southeastern coastal area. Temporal variations of wildfire emissions in various regions are characterized by a number of strong emissions over the past two decades, which are closely related to precipitation anomalies. Prescribed fire emissions, on the other hand, show an increasing tendency in recent years. An analysis of the emissions specifically for the three National Emissions Inventory (NEI) base years of 1996, 1999, and 2002 suggests that the average of these years would represent fairly typical wildfire emissions for all regions except the Southwest and Pacific Southwest. Prescribed fire emissions during the NEI base years, on the other hand, were much higher than the historical average for all regions except the Southeast. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Liu, Y AD - Forestry Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA 30602, USA, yliu@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 3489 EP - 3499 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 38 IS - 21 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Wildfire KW - Prescribed fire KW - Air pollutants KW - Emissions KW - Atmosphere-emission relationship KW - Historical account KW - Fires KW - USA KW - Atmospheric pollution chemistry KW - Emission measurements KW - Atmospheric pollution by fires KW - Atmospheric pollution emission KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16173133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Variability+of+wildland+fire+emissions+across+the+contiguous+United+States&rft.au=Liu%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=3489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2004.02.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Atmospheric pollution chemistry; Atmospheric pollution emission; Atmospheric pollution by fires; Historical account; Wildfire; Emission measurements; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of common organic solvents for gas chromatographic analysis and stability of multiclass pesticide residues. AN - 66670374; 15230533 AB - In this study, we evaluated the suitability of six common organic solvents for gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of pesticides. Three of these, acetone, acetonitrile (MeCN) and ethyl acetate (EtAc), represent extraction solvents commonly used in multiresidue methods for determination of pesticides in produce. The other three, isooctane, hexane and toluene, often serve as exchange solvents before a GC analysis. An ideal solvent for GC analysis of multiclass pesticide residues should be compatible with: the analytes, sample preparation, and GC analysis. This study addresses each aspect with emphasis placed on stability of selected pesticides in the given solvents. In this respect, the exchange solvents proved to be superior to the more polar extraction solvents. Degradation of N-trihalomethylthio fungicides (e.g., captan, folpet, dichlofluanid) in MeCN was observed only in certain lots of the tested MeCN, but even if it occurred, the stability of these analytes as well as that of dicofol and chlorothalonil was dramatically improved by the addition of 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid. Dicofol and chlorothalonil were also unstable in acetone, and pesticides with a thioether group (e.g., fenthion, disulfoton) degraded in the tested EtAc. Formation of isomers of certain pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin) was recorded in the chromatograms from MeCN and acetone solutions, but this effect more likely occurred during the GC injection than in solution. For several reasons, MeCN was found to be the most suitable solvent for extraction of a wide polarity range of pesticide residues from produce. After acidification, the stability of problematic pesticides in MeCN is acceptable, and MeCN can also serve as a medium for GC injection; therefore solvent exchange is generally not required before GC analysis. If sensitivity is an issue in splitless injection, then toluene was demonstrated to be the best exchange solvent due to its miscibility with MeCN and stronger responses of relatively more polar pesticides (e.g., acephate, methamidophos) as compared to hexane and isooctane. JF - Journal of chromatography. A AU - Mastovská, Katerina AU - Lehotay, Steven J AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. Y1 - 2004/06/25/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 25 SP - 259 EP - 272 VL - 1040 IS - 2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Solvents -- chemistry KW - Organic Chemicals -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66670374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+common+organic+solvents+for+gas+chromatographic+analysis+and+stability+of+multiclass+pesticide+residues.&rft.au=Mastovsk%C3%A1%2C+Katerina%3BLehotay%2C+Steven+J&rft.aulast=Mastovsk%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Katerina&rft.date=2004-06-25&rft.volume=1040&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of an octanucleotide motif sequence essential for viral protein, DNA, and progeny virus biosynthesis at the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus type 2. AN - 71997862; 15183050 AB - A plasmid-based transfection system capable of generating infectious porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was established. This system was then used in mutagenesis studies to investigate the involvement of a "conserved" nonanucleotide (which constitutes a portion of the loop sequence) located at the origin of DNA replication of PCV2 with respect to viral protein synthesis, DNA self-replication, and progeny virus production. The results demonstrated that an octanucleotide (AGTATTAC) embedded in the loop sequence is essential for virus replication. This octanucleotide can be further condensed to an essential core element (ECE) represented by AxTAxTAC. The positions specified by the indicated nucleotides are critical for viral DNA replication and stable infectious virus production, and they cannot be substituted by other bases, while the positions indicated by x can accept variable bases and yield stable progeny viruses. JF - Virology AU - Cheung, Andrew K AD - Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA. acheung@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 20 SP - 28 EP - 36 VL - 324 IS - 1 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - DNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Viral Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Genotype KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Research Design KW - Virus Replication KW - DNA, Viral -- biosynthesis KW - Oligonucleotides -- chemistry KW - Replication Origin KW - Circovirus -- genetics KW - Viral Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - DNA Replication UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71997862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+an+octanucleotide+motif+sequence+essential+for+viral+protein%2C+DNA%2C+and+progeny+virus+biosynthesis+at+the+origin+of+DNA+replication+of+porcine+circovirus+type+2.&rft.au=Cheung%2C+Andrew+K&rft.aulast=Cheung&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2004-06-20&rft.volume=324&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sand dune stability along a climatic gradient in north and northwest Oklahoma AN - 861985826; 2011-035566 JF - Program and Abstracts - American Quaternary Association. Conference AU - Cordova, Carlos E AU - Porter, Jess C AU - Kalchgruber, Regina AU - Scott, Greg AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 134 EP - 135 PB - American Quaternary Association, Seattle, WA VL - 18 SN - 0741-059X, 0741-059X KW - United States KW - soils KW - eolian features KW - dunes KW - climatic gradient KW - landform evolution KW - stability KW - Ogallala Formation KW - vegetation KW - Cenozoic KW - Beaver County Oklahoma KW - Alfisols KW - Tertiary KW - Oklahoma KW - transport KW - Neogene KW - Entisols KW - wind transport KW - winds KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/861985826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Program+and+Abstracts+-+American+Quaternary+Association.+Conference&rft.atitle=Sand+dune+stability+along+a+climatic+gradient+in+north+and+northwest+Oklahoma&rft.au=Cordova%2C+Carlos+E%3BPorter%2C+Jess+C%3BKalchgruber%2C+Regina%3BScott%2C+Greg%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Cordova&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Program+and+Abstracts+-+American+Quaternary+Association.+Conference&rft.issn=0741059X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - AMQUA 2004; American Quaternary Association 18th biennial meeting; Quaternary grassland-forest dynamics N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - WA N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - AMQUAM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alfisols; Beaver County Oklahoma; Cenozoic; climatic gradient; dunes; Entisols; eolian features; landform evolution; Neogene; Ogallala Formation; Oklahoma; soils; stability; Tertiary; transport; United States; vegetation; wind transport; winds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioavailability of selenium from meat and broccoli as determined by retention and distribution of super(75)Se AN - 856760103; 13856099 AB - The concentration of selenium (Se), an essential nutrient, is variable in foods, depending, in part, on how and where foods are produced; some foods accumulate substantial amounts of Se when produced on high-Se soils. The chemical form of Se also differs among foods. Broccoli is a Se-accumulating plant that contains many methylated forms of Se, and Se bioavailability from broccoli has been reported to be low. Red meats such as pork or beef could accumulate Se when the animal is fed high-Se diets, and Se from such meats has been reported to be highly bioavailable for selenoprotein synthesis. In a further attempt to characterize the utilization of Se from broccoli and meats such as pork or beef, we have fed rats diets adequate (0.1 kg Se/g diet) in Se or high in Se (1.5 kg S/g diet), with the Se source being either high-Se broccoli or beef. Rats were then given test meals of broccoli or pork intrinsically labeled with super(75)Se. When dietary Se was nutritionally adequate (0.1 kg/g diet), more super(75)Se from pork than broccoli was retained in tissues; however, there were no significant differences in whole-body retention when dietary Se was high (1.5 kg/g diet). A significantly greater percentage of super(75)Se from broccoli than pork was excreted in the urine and dietary Se did not affect urinary excretion of broccoli super(75)Se, but the amount excreted from pork varied directly with dietary Se intake. Radiolabeled super(75)Se derived from pork effectively labeled selenoproteins in all tissues examined, but super(75)Se from broccoli was undetectable in selenoproteins. These differences in retention and distribution of Se from broccoli or pork are consistent with reported differences in bioavailability of Se from beef and broccoli. They also suggest that there are fewer differences in bioavailability when Se is consumed in supranutritional amounts. JF - Biological Trace Element Research AU - Finley, John W AU - Grusak, Michael A AU - Keck, Anna-Sigrid AU - Gregoire, Brian R AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, 58202-9034, Grand Forks, ND Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 191 EP - 209 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 99 IS - 1-3 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Beef KW - Bioavailability KW - Diets KW - Excretion KW - Food KW - Meat KW - Nutrients KW - Pork KW - Selenium KW - Soil KW - Urine KW - selenoproteins KW - Brassica KW - X 24320:Food Additives & Contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856760103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Bioavailability+of+selenium+from+meat+and+broccoli+as+determined+by+retention+and+distribution+of+super%2875%29Se&rft.au=Finley%2C+John+W%3BGrusak%2C+Michael+A%3BKeck%2C+Anna-Sigrid%3BGregoire%2C+Brian+R&rft.aulast=Finley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FBTER%3A99%3A1-3%3A191 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Soil; Meat; Selenium; Bioavailability; selenoproteins; Urine; Beef; Food; Pork; Nutrients; Excretion; Brassica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/BTER:99:1-3:191 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil Quality: A Review of the Science and Experiences in the USA AN - 762266759; 13661818 AB - An increasing human population is placing greater demand on soil resources, and as a result degradation is taking place in many regions of the world. This is critical because soils perform a number of essential processes including supporting food and fiber production, influencing air quality through interaction with the atmosphere, and serving as a medium for storage and purification of water. The soil quality concept was introduced to complement soil science research by making our understanding of soils more complete and helping guide the use and allocation of labor, energy, fiscal, and other inputs as agriculture intensifies and expands to meet increasing world demands. Soil quality thus provides a unifying concept for educating professionals, producers, and the public about the important processes that soils perform. It also provides an assessment tool for evaluating current management practices and comparing alternative management practices. Soil attributes comprising a minimum data set have been identified, and both laboratory and field methods have been developed for measuring them. A soil quality index is being developed to normalize measured soil quality indicator data and generate a numeric value that can be used to compare various management practices or to assess management-induced changes over time. Using previously published data, we evaluated the soil quality index as a tool to assess a wide range of management practices in the Northern Great Plains. The index ranked the treatments: grazed fertilized tame pasture > moderately grazed > ungrazed> heavily grazed > annual cropping with no-tillage > conventionally tilled crop-fallow which agrees with the way they were subjectively ranked in the publications. The soil quality index shows potential for use as a management assessment tool. JF - Environmental Geochemistry and Health AU - Wienhold, B J AU - Andrews, S S AU - Karlen, D L AD - USDA-ARS, 120 Keim Hall, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0934, USA; (tel.:, bwienhold1@unl.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 89 EP - 95 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0269-4042, 0269-4042 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil Science KW - Pastures KW - Air quality KW - no-till cropping KW - Pasture KW - Soil KW - Fertilizers KW - Assessments KW - plains KW - Laboratories KW - Geochemistry KW - Publications KW - Human Population KW - Water purification KW - USA KW - Foods KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Reviews KW - human populations KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 7060:Research facilities KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/762266759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.atitle=Soil+Quality%3A+A+Review+of+the+Science+and+Experiences+in+the+USA&rft.au=Wienhold%2C+B+J%3BAndrews%2C+S+S%3BKarlen%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Wienhold&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Geochemistry+and+Health&rft.issn=02694042&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AEGAH.0000039571.59640.3c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Fertilizers; Reviews; plains; Air quality; no-till cropping; human populations; Water purification; Pasture; Foods; Soil Science; Assessments; Laboratories; Geochemistry; Pastures; Human Population; Publications; USA; USA, Great Plains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EGAH.0000039571.59640.3c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional replacement of Wheat streak mosaic virus HC-Pro with the corresponding cistron from a diverse array of viruses in the family Potyviridae. AN - 72028574; 15193921 AB - Helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) of Wheat streak mosaic virus strain Sidney 81 (WSMV-Sidney 81) was systematically replaced with the corresponding cistron derived from four strains of WSMV (Type, TK1, CZ, and El Batán 3), the tritimovirus Oat necrotic mottle virus (ONMV), the rymoviruses Agropyron mosaic virus (AgMV) and Hordeum mosaic virus (HoMV), or the potyviruses Tobacco etch virus (TEV) and Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). These HC-Pro proteins varied in amino acid sequence identity shared with HC-Pro of WSMV-Sidney 81 from high (strains of WSMV at approximately 86-99%) to moderate (ONMV at 70%) to low (rymoviruses and potyviruses at approximately 15-17%). Surprisingly, all chimeric viral genomes examined were capable of systemic infection of wheat upon inoculation with RNA transcripts produced in vitro. HC-Pro replacements derived from tritimoviruses did not alter host range relative to WSMV-Sidney 81, as each of these chimeric viruses was able to systemically infect wheat, oat, and corn line SDp2. These results indicate that differences in host range among tritimoviruses, including the inability of ONMV to infect wheat or the inability of WSMV strains Type and El Batán 3 to infect SDp2 corn, are not determined by HC-Pro. In contrast, all chimeric viruses bearing HC-Pro replacements derived from rymoviruses or potyviruses were unable to infect SDp2 corn and oat. Collectively, these results indicate that HC-Pro from distantly related virus species of the family Potyviridae are competent to provide WSMV-Sidney 81 with all functions necessary for infection of a permissive host (wheat) and that virus-host interactions required for systemic infection of oat and SDp2 corn are more stringent. Changes in symptom severity or mechanical transmission efficiency observed for some chimeric viruses further suggest that HC-Pro affects virulence in WSMV. JF - Virology AU - Stenger, Drake C AU - French, Roy AD - Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA. dstenger@unlnotes.unl.edu Y1 - 2004/06/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 01 SP - 257 EP - 267 VL - 323 IS - 2 SN - 0042-6822, 0042-6822 KW - Viral Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - HC-Pro protein, potyvirus KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Poaceae -- virology KW - Phylogeny KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Species Specificity KW - Plant Diseases -- virology KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Viral Proteins -- genetics KW - Potyviridae -- metabolism KW - Potyviridae -- genetics KW - Potyvirus -- metabolism KW - Potyvirus -- genetics KW - Potyviridae -- pathogenicity KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- metabolism KW - Triticum -- virology KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Viral Proteins -- metabolism KW - Potyvirus -- pathogenicity KW - Genes -- genetics KW - Cysteine Endopeptidases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72028574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology&rft.atitle=Functional+replacement+of+Wheat+streak+mosaic+virus+HC-Pro+with+the+corresponding+cistron+from+a+diverse+array+of+viruses+in+the+family+Potyviridae.&rft.au=Stenger%2C+Drake+C%3BFrench%2C+Roy&rft.aulast=Stenger&rft.aufirst=Drake&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=323&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Virology&rft.issn=00426822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF285169; GENBANK; AY377938; AF454454; AF454455; AF057533; AY571671; AF285170; AY571672 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-directed mutagenesis and generation of chimeric viruses by homologous recombination in yeast to facilitate analysis of plant-virus interactions. AN - 72026574; 15195939 AB - A yeast homologous recombination system was used to generate mutants and chimeras in the genome of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). A yeast-bacteria shuttle vector was developed that allows mutants and chimeras generated in yeast to be transformed into Escherichia coli for confirmation of the mutations and transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens to facilitate agroinfection of plants by the mutant PLRV genomes. The advantages of the system include the high frequency of recovered mutants generated by yeast homologous recombination, the ability to generate over 20 mutants and chimeras using only two restriction endonuclease sites, the ability to introduce multiple additional sequences using three and four DNA fragments, and the mobilization of the same plasmid from yeast to E. coli, A. tumefaciens, and plants. The wild-type PLRV genome showed no loss of virulence after sequential propagation in yeast, E. coli, and A. tumefaciens. Moreover, many PLRV clones with mutations generated in the capsid protein and readthrough domain of the capsid protein replicated and moved throughout plants. This approach will facilitate the analysis of plant-virus interactions of in vivo-generated mutants for many plant viruses, especially those not transmissible mechanically to plants. JF - Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI AU - Liang, Delin AU - Gray, Stewart M AU - Kaplan, Igor AU - Palukaitis, Peter AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 571 EP - 576 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0894-0282, 0894-0282 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agrobacterium tumefaciens -- genetics KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Recombination, Genetic KW - Plant Viruses -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72026574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.atitle=Site-directed+mutagenesis+and+generation+of+chimeric+viruses+by+homologous+recombination+in+yeast+to+facilitate+analysis+of+plant-virus+interactions.&rft.au=Liang%2C+Delin%3BGray%2C+Stewart+M%3BKaplan%2C+Igor%3BPalukaitis%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Liang&rft.aufirst=Delin&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+plant-microbe+interactions+%3A+MPMI&rft.issn=08940282&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Aspergillus parasiticus estA-encoded esterase converts versiconal hemiacetal acetate to versiconal and versiconol acetate to versiconol in aflatoxin biosynthesis. AN - 72002961; 15184162 AB - In aflatoxin biosynthesis, the pathway for the conversion of 1-hydroxyversicolorone to versiconal hemiacetal acetate (VHA) to versiconal (VHOH) is part of a metabolic grid. In the grid, the steps from VHA to VHOH and from versiconol acetate (VOAc) to versiconol (VOH) may be catalyzed by the same esterase. Several esterase activities are associated with the conversion of VHA to VHOH, but only one esterase gene (estA) is present in the complete aflatoxin gene cluster of Aspergillus parasiticus. We deleted the estA gene from A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, an O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST)-accumulating strain. The estA-deleted mutants were pigmented and accumulated mainly VHA and versicolorin A (VA). A small amount of VOAc and other downstream aflatoxin intermediates, including VHOH, versicolorin B, and OMST, also were accumulated. In contrast, a VA-accumulating mutant, NIAH-9, accumulated VA exclusively and neither VHA nor VOAc were produced. Addition of the esterase inhibitor dichlorvos (dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate) to the transformation recipient strain RHN1, an estA-deleted mutant, or NIAH-9 resulted in the accumulation of only VHA and VOAc. In in vitro enzyme assays, the levels of the esterase activities catalyzing the conversion of VHA to VHOH in the cell extracts of two estA-deleted mutants were decreased to approximately 10% of that seen with RHN1. Similar decreases in the esterase activities catalyzing the conversion of VOAc to VOH were also obtained. Thus, the estA-encoded esterase catalyzes the conversion of both VHA to VHOH and VOAc to VOH during aflatoxin biosynthesis. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Chang, Perng-Kuang AU - Yabe, Kimiko AU - Yu, Jiujiang AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 3593 EP - 3599 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Anthraquinones KW - Culture Media KW - Fungal Proteins KW - versiconal KW - 62218-05-7 KW - versiconal hemiacetal acetate KW - 62886-00-4 KW - versiconol acetate KW - 70979-72-5 KW - Dichlorvos KW - 7U370BPS14 KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - EstA protein, Aspergillus parasiticus KW - Index Medicus KW - Dichlorvos -- pharmacology KW - Gene Deletion KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Aspergillus -- enzymology KW - Aspergillus -- isolation & purification KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- genetics KW - Anthraquinones -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72002961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=The+Aspergillus+parasiticus+estA-encoded+esterase+converts+versiconal+hemiacetal+acetate+to+versiconal+and+versiconol+acetate+to+versiconol+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis.&rft.au=Chang%2C+Perng-Kuang%3BYabe%2C+Kimiko%3BYu%2C+Jiujiang&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Perng-Kuang&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Feb;62(2):360-6 [8593042] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Oct;61(10):3628-32 [7486998] Curr Genet. 1996 Jun;30(1):68-75 [8662212] Can J Microbiol. 1996 Aug;42(8):804-10 [8776851] J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 17;272(3):1589-94 [8999832] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Dec;64(12):4834-41 [9835571] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 May 11;86:418-20 [14171025] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Nov;65(11):4987-94 [10543813] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jan;66(1):359-62 [10618248] Gene. 2000 May 2;248(1-2):157-67 [10806361] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2000 May;53(5):583-90 [10855719] Mycopathologia. 1999;147(2):105-12 [10967969] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Nov;66(11):4715-9 [11055914] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001 Jun;55(6):771-6 [11525627] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2002 Apr;58(5):632-6 [11956746] Chem Biol. 2002 Sep;9(9):981-8 [12323372] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Jan;69(1):66-73 [12513978] Mycopathologia. 2002;156(3):227-34 [12749588] Appl Microbiol. 1974 Feb;27(2):394-9 [4207281] Appl Microbiol. 1974 Jul;28(1):52-7 [4844267] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Aug;54(8):2096-100 [3178213] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1989 Mar-Apr;72(2):223-30 [2651391] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):121-6 [2615791] Mycopathologia. 1990 Apr;110(1):31-5 [2352549] Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Nov;224(2):294-6 [2277647] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Feb 14;293(1):67-70 [1731640] J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Oct;137(10):2469-75 [1770361] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Nov;58(11):3527-37 [1339261] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Aug;59(8):2493-500 [8368837] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Nov;59(11):3564-71 [8285664] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Nov;60(11):4078-85 [7993094] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Feb 20;93(4):1418-22 [8643646] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Communicating cardiovascular disease risk due to elevated homocysteine levels: using the EPPM to develop print materials. AN - 71961001; 15155045 AB - Improving the effectiveness of written information to promote compliance with therapeutic regimens is essential, particularly among older adults. Guiding their development and evaluating their effectiveness with an accepted communication theory or model may help. A preliminary test of written materials developed within the context of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) to motivate compliant behaviors among older adults at risk for cardiovascular disease is described. Participants who were not previously following the recommendations felt more confident in their ability to do so after reading a high-threat/high-efficacy message. Advanced age, lower education level, an existing chronic illness, and a higher initial homocysteine level were factors associated with lower levels of perceived threat and/or fear and may have attenuated the effectiveness of the message. This study's results contribute to our understanding of the usefulness of theory-guided written materials in motivating compliant health behaviors. Recommendations for using this model are provided. JF - Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education AU - McKay, Diane L AU - Berkowitz, Judy M AU - Blumberg, Jeffrey B AU - Goldberg, Jeanne P AD - Antioxidants Research Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. dmckay@world.std.com Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 355 EP - 371 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 1090-1981, 1090-1981 KW - Homocysteine KW - 0LVT1QZ0BA KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Homocysteine -- blood KW - Health Promotion -- methods KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- blood KW - Teaching Materials KW - Homocysteine -- adverse effects KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71961001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+education+%26+behavior+%3A+the+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Public+Health+Education&rft.atitle=Communicating+cardiovascular+disease+risk+due+to+elevated+homocysteine+levels%3A+using+the+EPPM+to+develop+print+materials.&rft.au=McKay%2C+Diane+L%3BBerkowitz%2C+Judy+M%3BBlumberg%2C+Jeffrey+B%3BGoldberg%2C+Jeanne+P&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+education+%26+behavior+%3A+the+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Public+Health+Education&rft.issn=10901981&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitory effects of organic acid salts on growth of Clostridium perfringens from spore inocula during chilling of marinated ground turkey breast. AN - 71912785; 15135954 AB - Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens germination and outgrowth by salts of organic acids such as sodium lactate, sodium acetate, buffered sodium citrate and buffered sodium citrate supplemented with sodium diacetate was evaluated during continuous chilling of ground turkey. Turkey breast meat was injected with a brine-containing NaCl, potato starch and potassium tetra pyrophosphate to yield final in-product concentrations of 0.85%, 0.25% and 0.20%, respectively. The meat was ground, mixed with either sodium lactate (1%, 2%, 3% or 4%), sodium acetate (1% or 2%), buffered sodium citrate (Ional, 1%) or buffered sodium citrate supplemented with sodium diacetate (Ional Plus trade mark, 1%), in addition to a control that did not contain added antimicrobials. Each product was mixed with a three-strain C. perfringens spore cocktail to obtain final spore concentrations of ca. 2.8 log10 spores/g. Inoculated products (10 g) were packaged into cook-in-bags (2 x 3 in.), vacuum sealed, cooked at 60 degrees C for 1 h, and subsequently chilled from 54.4 to 7.2 degrees C in 15, 18 and 21 h following exponential chilling rates. Products were sampled immediately after cooking and then after chilling. Chilling of cooked turkey following 15, 18 and 21 h chill rates resulted in germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores to 6.6, 7.58 and 7.95 log10 CFU/g populations, respectively, from initial spore populations of ca. 2.80 log10 CFU/g. Incorporation of sodium lactate (1%), sodium acetate (1%), Ional or Ional Plus (1%) substantially inhibited germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores compared to controls. Final C. perfringens total populations of 3.12, 3.10, 2.38 and 2.92 log10 CFU/g, respectively, were observed following a 15-h exponential chill rate. Similar inhibitory effects were observed for 18 and 21 chill rates with the antimicrobials at 1% concentrations. While sodium lactate and sodium acetate concentrations of 1% were sufficient to control C. perfringens germination and outgrowth (<1.0 log10 CFU/g growth) following 15 h chill rates, higher concentrations were required for 18 and 21 h chill rates. Ional at 1% concentration was effective in inhibiting germination and outgrowth to <1.0 log10 CFU/g of C. perfringens for all three chill rates (15, 18 and 21 h) tested. Use of sodium salts of organic acids in formulation of ready-to-eat meat products can reduce the risk of C. perfringens spore germination and outgrowth during chilling. Copyright 2003 Elsevier B.V. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Juneja, V K AU - Thippareddi, H AD - Microbial Food Safety, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. vjuneja@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2004/06/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 01 SP - 155 EP - 163 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Citrates KW - 0 KW - Food Preservatives KW - sodium citrate KW - 1Q73Q2JULR KW - Sodium Acetate KW - 4550K0SC9B KW - Sodium Lactate KW - TU7HW0W0QT KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Turkeys KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Spores, Fungal KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Sodium Lactate -- pharmacology KW - Citrates -- pharmacology KW - Sodium Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Time Factors KW - Food Preservatives -- pharmacology KW - Clostridium perfringens -- drug effects KW - Clostridium perfringens -- growth & development KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Food Preservation -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71912785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Inhibitory+effects+of+organic+acid+salts+on+growth+of+Clostridium+perfringens+from+spore+inocula+during+chilling+of+marinated+ground+turkey+breast.&rft.au=Juneja%2C+V+K%3BThippareddi%2C+H&rft.aulast=Juneja&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent pre-harvest supplementation strategies to reduce carriage and shedding of zoonotic enteric bacterial pathogens in food animals. AN - 66930329; 15460539 AB - Food-borne bacterial illnesses strike more than 76 million North Americans each year. Many of these illnesses are caused by animal-derived foodstuffs. Slaughter and processing plants do an outstanding job in reducing bacterial contamination after slaughter and during further processing, yet food-borne illnesses still occur at an unacceptable frequency. Thus, it is imperative to widen the window of action against pathogenic bacteria. Attacking pathogens on the farm or in the feedlot will improve food safety all the way to the consumer's fork. Because of the potential improvement in overall food safety that pre-harvest intervention strategies can provide, a broad range of preslaughter intervention strategies are currently under investigation. Potential interventions include direct anti-pathogen strategies, competitive enhancement strategies and animal management strategies. Included in these strategies are competitive exclusion, probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, antibacterial proteins, vaccination, bacteriophage, diet, and water trough interventions. The parallel and simultaneous application of one or more preslaughter strategies has the potential to synergistically reduce the incidence of human food-borne illnesses by erecting multiple hurdles, thus preventing entry of pathogens into the food chain. This review emphasizes work with Escherichia coli O157:H7 to illustrate the various strategies. JF - Animal health research reviews AU - Callaway, T R AU - Anderson, R C AU - Edrington, T S AU - Genovese, K J AU - Harvey, R B AU - Poole, T L AU - Nisbet, D J AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845, USA. callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 35 EP - 47 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1466-2523, 1466-2523 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Probiotics KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Meat-Packing Industry KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animal Feed KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Zoonoses -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66930329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+health+research+reviews&rft.atitle=Recent+pre-harvest+supplementation+strategies+to+reduce+carriage+and+shedding+of+zoonotic+enteric+bacterial+pathogens+in+food+animals.&rft.au=Callaway%2C+T+R%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BPoole%2C+T+L%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Callaway&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+health+research+reviews&rft.issn=14662523&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of susceptibility of pest Euschistus servus and predator Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) to selected insecticides. AN - 66753110; 15279256 AB - Susceptibility of the brown stink bug, Euschistus serous (Say), and the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), to acetamiprid, cyfluthrin, dicrotophos, indoxacarb, oxamyl, and thiamethoxam, was compared in residual and oral toxicity tests. Generally, susceptibility of P. maculiventris to insecticides was significantly greater than or not significantly different from that of E. servus. Cyfluthrin and oxamyl were more toxic to the predator than to E. servus in residual and feeding tests, respectively. Dicrotophos is the only compound that exhibited both good residual and oral activity against E. servus, but even this toxicant was more toxic to the predator than to the pest in oral toxicity tests. Feeding on indoxacarb-treated food caused high mortality for both nymphs and adults of P. maculiventris. In contrast, E. servus was unaffected by feeding on food treated with this compound. Insecticide selectivity to P. maculiventris was detected only with acetamiprid for adults in residual toxicity tests and for nymphs in oral toxicity tests. Because insecticide selectivity to P. maculiventris was limited, it is extremely important to conserve P. maculiventris in cotton fields by applying these insecticides for control of brown stink bugs only when the pest reaches economic threshold. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Tillman, P Glynn AU - Mullinix, Benjamin G AD - USDA-ARS, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, USA. pgt@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 800 EP - 806 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - dicrotophos KW - B541I65WBL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Gossypium KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Insect Control -- methods KW - Heteroptera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66753110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+susceptibility+of+pest+Euschistus+servus+and+predator+Podisus+maculiventris+%28Heteroptera%3A+Pentatomidae%29+to+selected+insecticides.&rft.au=Tillman%2C+P+Glynn%3BMullinix%2C+Benjamin+G&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=800&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of sucrose octanoate on survival of nymphal and adult Diaphorina citri (Homoptera: Psyllidae). AN - 66751533; 15279280 AB - Asian citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Homoptera: Psyllidae) was detected for the first time in the United States near Delray Beach, FL, on 2 June 1998 and is continuing to spread and multiply throughout southern Florida. This psyllid is the vector of Liberobacter asiaticum, a phloem-limited bacterium that causes citrus greening disease. This pathogen has not been found in the Western Hemisphere to date. Furthermore, high infestation levels of D. citri can impact citrus plant health, fruit quality, or yield. Replicated laboratory and spray booth bioassays were conducted to determine the insecticidal activity of a synthetic analog of natural sugar esters found in leaf trichomes of wild tobacco, Nicotiatna gossei Domin, to nymphal and adult D. citri. Field trials were initiated in Fort Pierce, FL, in 2000 to determine activity of the sugar ester formulation (sucrose octanoate) on D. citri and other citrus pests, including immature Asian citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton and mites. Sucrose octanoate rates tested ranged from 400 to 8000 ppm (0.1-2% formulated product). Our data suggest that both nymphal and adult D. citri as well as the mite complex tested would be equally controlled to levels of >90% at the higher concentrations of sucrose octanoate and that good coverage is key to efficacy. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - McKenzie, C L AU - Puterka, Gary J AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Reseach Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Rd., Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 970 EP - 975 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - sucrose octanoate KW - Sucrose KW - 57-50-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Citrus -- microbiology KW - Insect Vectors KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria KW - Hemiptera -- physiology KW - Sucrose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Nymph -- physiology KW - Sucrose -- administration & dosage KW - Hemiptera -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66751533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+sucrose+octanoate+on+survival+of+nymphal+and+adult+Diaphorina+citri+%28Homoptera%3A+Psyllidae%29.&rft.au=McKenzie%2C+C+L%3BPuterka%2C+Gary+J&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=970&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Active ingredients in cade oil that synergize attractiveness of alpha-ionol to male Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). AN - 66747880; 15279265 AB - Cade oil, a commercially available essential oil produced by destructive distillation of juniper, Juniperus oxycedrus L., twigs, is known to synergize the attractancy of alpha-ionol to male Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). Through chemical fractionation and outdoor olfactometer-based bioassays, seven compounds in cade oil were identified that potentially could provide some level of synergism. Tests with sterile laboratory flies showed that four of the seven compounds (eugenol, isoeugenol, 2-methoxy-4-ethylphenol, and 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol), together with a closely related compound not found in cade oil, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, are capable of synergizing the attractiveness of alpha-ionol to male B. latifrons under field conditions. The similarity in structures of these five synergistic compounds shows that there is a response to a core 2-methoxyphenol structure, with fly response little affected by some variation in the composition of the side chain on the number 4 carbon. Because identified synergists were structurally similar, only one compound, eugenol, was selected for further field studies. In an 8-wk weathering test, using released sterile flies, traps baited with alpha-ionol + eugenol had catches comparable with catches at traps baited with alpha-ionol + cade oil, with catches generally increased with a higher eugenol loading. For both eugenol and cade oil, catches tended to be better when these synergists were deployed on separate wicks from the alpha-ionol. Eugenol and alpha-ionol, however, were unable to provide attraction comparable with that of cade oil and alpha-ionol in tests with wild fly populations. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - McQuate, Grant T AU - Keum, Young Soo AU - Sylva, Charmaine D AU - Li, Qing X AU - Jang, Eric B AD - USDA-ARS, U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA. gmcquate@pbarc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 862 EP - 870 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Norisoprenoids KW - 0 KW - Pheromones KW - Plant Extracts KW - insect attractants KW - Eugenol KW - 3T8H1794QW KW - juniper tar KW - 8013-10-3 KW - alpha-ionone KW - I9V075M61R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Synergism KW - Odorants KW - Male KW - Tephritidae -- physiology KW - Plant Extracts -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66747880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Active+ingredients+in+cade+oil+that+synergize+attractiveness+of+alpha-ionol+to+male+Bactrocera+latifrons+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29.&rft.au=McQuate%2C+Grant+T%3BKeum%2C+Young+Soo%3BSylva%2C+Charmaine+D%3BLi%2C+Qing+X%3BJang%2C+Eric+B&rft.aulast=McQuate&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=862&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two new bacterial pathogens of Colorado potato beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). AN - 66746075; 15279252 AB - Other than Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, few bacteria are lethal to the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Say]), a major pest of potatoes and eggplant. Expanded use of biologicals for the control of Colorado potato beetle will improve resistance management, reduce pesticide use, and produce novel compounds for potential use in transgenic plants. Using freeze-dried, rehydrated artificial diet in pellet form to screen bacteria lethal to other insects, we determined that strains of Photorhabdus luminescens killed Colorado potato beetle larvae. The LC50 for second instar larvae of strain HM5-1 was 6.4 +/- 1.87 x 10(7) cells per diet pellet. In an attempt to find additional naturally occurring P. luminescens strains toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae, we recovered, from soil, bacteria that produced a purple pigment. This bacterial strain, identified as Chromobacterium sp. by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, was also toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae within 3 d. The LC50 for second instar larvae for these bacteria was 2.0 +/- 0.79 x 10(8) cells per diet pellet, while the LC50 was approximately 1 log lower for third instar larvae. P. luminescens appeared to kill by means of a protein toxin that may be similar to the described lepidopteran protein toxins. Based on the heat and acid stability, the toxin or toxins that Chromobacterium sp. produces, while not fully characterized, do not appear to be typical proteins. In both bacteria, the toxins are made after exponential growth ceases. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Martin, Phyllis A W AU - Blackburn, Michael AU - Shropshire, Ashaki D S AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. pmartin@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 774 EP - 780 VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Larva -- microbiology KW - Beetles -- microbiology KW - Photorhabdus -- physiology KW - Chromobacterium -- pathogenicity KW - Beetles -- growth & development KW - Photorhabdus -- pathogenicity KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Chromobacterium -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66746075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Two+new+bacterial+pathogens+of+Colorado+potato+beetle+Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29.&rft.au=Martin%2C+Phyllis+A+W%3BBlackburn%2C+Michael%3BShropshire%2C+Ashaki+D+S&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Phyllis+A&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=774&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone does not induce mutations in the Salmonella mutagenicity test or intrachromosomal recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AN - 66665941; 15222568 AB - Treatment of foods, such as red meat and poultry, that contain palmitic acid with ionizing radiation leads to the formation of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB), a compound found only in irradiated foods. In this study, the Salmonella mutagenicity test and the yeast DEL assay were used to evaluate the genotoxic potential of 2-DCB. Salmonella Typhimurium tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 were exposed to 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg per well of 2-DCB, with and without exogenous metabolic activation (5% S9 fraction), using the microtiter plate-based Miniscreen version of the test. 2-DCB did not induce mutations in the Salmonella mutagenicity test. When Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain RS112, which contains a nonfunctional duplication of the his3 gene that can be induced to form a functional HIS3+ gene by intrachromosomal recombination, was exposed to 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/ml of 2-DCB, no increase in the rate of intrachromosomal (DEL) recombination was observed. The absence of genotoxicity observed in this study using purified 2-DCB agrees with the lack of genotoxic and teratogenic activity observed in previously conducted multigeneration feeding studies of laboratory animals (rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits) that used radiation-sterilized poultry that contained 2-DCB as a unique radiolytic product. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Sommers, Christopher H AU - Schiestl, Robert H AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. csommers@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 1293 EP - 1298 VL - 67 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Cyclobutanes KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - 2-dodecylcyclobutanone KW - 35493-46-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Gene Conversion KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mutation KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Salmonella -- genetics KW - Cyclobutanes -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Food Irradiation -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66665941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=2-Dodecylcyclobutanone+does+not+induce+mutations+in+the+Salmonella+mutagenicity+test+or+intrachromosomal+recombination+in+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae.&rft.au=Sommers%2C+Christopher+H%3BSchiestl%2C+Robert+H&rft.aulast=Sommers&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Listeria monocytogenes strain H7762 and resistance to simulated gastric fluid following exposure to frankfurter exudate. AN - 66664648; 15222545 AB - Listeria monocytogenes strain H7762, a frankfurter isolate, was tested to determine whether it was able to survive at 4 degrees C in frankfurter pack fluid (exudate) and to determine whether food exposure affects its acid sensitivity. Cultures were sampled and tested for acid sensitivity by challenge with simulated gastric fluid (SGF). SGF challenges performed immediately after inoculation revealed that between 20 and 26% of the cells survived the full 30 min of SGF challenge regardless of whether the cells were inoculated into brain heart infusion broth (BHI) or exudate. After 2 days of incubation, cells exposed to both exudate and BHI had significantly decreased SGF resistance; however, the cells exposed to exudate were significantly more SGF resistant than cells exposed to BHI (after 15 min of SGF treatment, 33% of the exudate-exposed cells survived and 12% of the BHI-exposed cells survived). L. monocytogenes exposed to exudate had greater SGF resistance at all challenge times compared with BHI-exposed cells from day 2 through day 4. From days 8 to 15, exudate-exposed cells continued to have greater SGF resistance than BHI-exposed cells up to 10 min of SGF challenge but were as sensitive as the BHI-exposed cells at 20 to 30 min of challenge. By day 25, cells exposed to exudate were significantly more sensitive to SGF challenge than BHI-exposed cells. The survivor data generated from SGF challenges were modeled by a nonlinear regression analysis to calculate the underlying distribution of SGF resistance found in the challenged populations. These analyses indicated that L. monocytogenes exposed to exudate at 4 degrees C had a broader distribution of resistance to SGF compared with cells exposed to BHI at 4 degrees C. In addition, the mean time of death during SGF treatment was greater after exposure to exudate, indicating that cells exposed to exudate were more resistant to killing by SGF These data suggest that exposure to frankfurter exudate might render L. monocytogenes more able to survive the stomach environment during the initial stages of infection. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Wonderling, Laura D AU - Bayles, Darrell O AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 1170 EP - 1176 VL - 67 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Gastric Acid KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Adaptation, Physiological KW - Time Factors KW - Food Microbiology KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66664648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+strain+H7762+and+resistance+to+simulated+gastric+fluid+following+exposure+to+frankfurter+exudate.&rft.au=Wonderling%2C+Laura+D%3BBayles%2C+Darrell+O&rft.aulast=Wonderling&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aspect Induced Differences in Vegetation, Soil, and Microclimatic Characteristics of an Appalachian Watershed AN - 20714330; 6147748 AB - This study evaluates and quantifies the variation in vegetation, plant nutrients, and microclimate across four topographic aspects in an Appalachian watershed (39 degree 39'43''N, 79 degree 45'28''W). The study found that the north and east aspects were 27-50% more productive than the west and southwest aspects. Species groups that showed strong aspect preference included yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), black cherry (Prunus serotina), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), and white oak (Quercus alba); the former two being dominant on the north and east aspects while the latter two dominate the west and southwest aspects. Red oak (Quercus rubra) and red maple (Acer rubrum) showed mild aspect preference indicating their broad ecological amplitude. Although the north and east aspects had greater biomass, the west and southwest aspects had about 23% more stems per hectare. There were large differences in microclimate among the four aspects. Air temperature during midday period averaged 25.2 degree C, 24.9 degree C, 30.5 degree C, and 29.4 degree C for the north, east, west and southwest aspects respectively. The maximum temperature difference between the mesic (north and east aspects) and xeric (west and southwest aspects) sites was 5.55 degree C and was observed at noon. The relative humidity at the xeric site was about 25% lower than that at the mesic site during midday periods. Plant water stress as measured by vapor pressure difference was about 37% higher on west and southwest aspects than on north and east aspects. Plant nutrients only showed minor differences with concentrations being higher on the north and east aspects except for phosphorus, which was higher on the west and southwest aspects. JF - Castanea AU - Desta, F AU - Colbert, J AU - Rentch, J S AU - Gottschalk, K W AD - United States Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 180 Canfield Street, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 92 EP - 108 PB - Southern Appalachian Botanical Society VL - 69 IS - 2 SN - 0008-7475, 0008-7475 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Relative humidity KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - Quercus prinus KW - Vegetation KW - Nutrients KW - Watersheds KW - Acer rubrum KW - Prunus KW - Soil KW - Vapors KW - Quercus alba KW - Water stress KW - Quercus rubra KW - Microclimate KW - Prunus serotina KW - Castanea KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20714330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Castanea&rft.atitle=Aspect+Induced+Differences+in+Vegetation%2C+Soil%2C+and+Microclimatic+Characteristics+of+an+Appalachian+Watershed&rft.au=Desta%2C+F%3BColbert%2C+J%3BRentch%2C+J+S%3BGottschalk%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Desta&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=92&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Castanea&rft.issn=00087475&rft_id=info:doi/10.2179%2F0008-7475%282004%290692.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0008-7475&volume=69&page=92 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus prinus; Quercus rubra; Quercus alba; Liriodendron tulipifera; Prunus serotina; Acer rubrum; Castanea; Prunus; Microclimate; Watersheds; Nutrients; Vegetation; Water stress; Vapors; Soil; Relative humidity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475(2004)069<0092:AIDIVS>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infectivity of Microsporidia Spores Stored in Seawater at Environmental Temperatures AN - 20185840; 6052471 AB - To determine how long spores of Encephalitozoon cuniculi, E. hellem, and E. intestinalis remain viable in seawater at environmental temperatures, culture-derived spores were stored in 10, 20, and 30 ppt artificial seawater at 10 and 20 C. At intervals of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 wk, spores were tested for infectivity in monolayer cultures of Madin Darby bovine kidney cells. Spores of E. hellem appeared the most robust, some remaining infectious in 30 ppt seawater at 10 C for 12 wk and in 30 ppt seawater at 20 C for 2 wk. Those of E. intestinalis were slightly less robust, remaining infectious in 30 ppt seawater at 10 and 20 C for 1 and 2 wk, respectively. Spores of E. cuniculi remained infectious in 10 ppt seawater at 10 and 20 C for 2 wk but not at higher salinities. These findings indicate that the spores of the 3 species of Encephalitozoon vary in their ability to remain viable when exposed to a conservative range of salinities and temperatures found in nature but, based strictly on salinity and temperature, can potentially remain infectious long enough to become widely dispersed in estuarine and coastal waters. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Fayer, R AD - Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, rfayer@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 654 EP - 657 PB - American Society of Parasitologists VL - 90 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Encephalitozoon hellem KW - Monomolecular films KW - Cell culture KW - Microbial contamination KW - Public health KW - microsporidia KW - Intestines KW - Marine environment KW - Water salinity KW - Salinity effects KW - Brackishwater environment KW - Temperature effects KW - Marine KW - Storage effects KW - Storage life KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Kidneys KW - Coastal waters KW - Infectivity KW - Sea water KW - Microsporidia KW - Storage conditions KW - Kidney KW - Encephalitozoon cuniculi KW - Environmental conditions KW - Spores KW - Artificial seawater KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - Q4 27750:Environmental KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08501:General KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20185840?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Infectivity+of+Microsporidia+Spores+Stored+in+Seawater+at+Environmental+Temperatures&rft.au=Fayer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fayer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-3395%282004%290902.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage effects; Monomolecular films; Estuaries; Storage life; Kidneys; Microbial contamination; Public health; Sea water; Intestines; Brackishwater environment; Spores; Environmental conditions; Artificial seawater; Temperature effects; microsporidia; Infectivity; Water salinity; Marine environment; Salinity effects; Storage conditions; Kidney; Cell culture; Coastal waters; Microsporidia; Encephalitozoon hellem; Encephalitozoon cuniculi; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-3395(2004)090<0654:IOMSSI>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fenamiphos Losses Under Simulated Rainfall: Plot Size Effects AN - 19939955; 6072621 AB - The purpose of this study was to compare two commonly used runoff experimental methods, which have different scales, on measurements of runoff and associated fenamiphos and metabolite losses over a 2-year period. Methods used were 15 m wide by 43 m long (645 m super(2)) mesoplots and 1.8 m wide by 3 m long (5.4 m super(2)) microplots, under simulated rainfall (25 mm h super(-1) for 2 h) at 1, 14, and 28 d after fenamiphos application. Mesoplots and microplots were established parallel to a 3% slope on a Tifton loamy sand (Plinthic Kandiudult). All plots were planted to corn (Zea mays L.). Target application rate for fenamiphos was 6.7 kg ha super(-1). Runoff totals and maximum rates for meso- and microplots were similar, with approximately 25% of the rainfall running off mesoplots and approximately 28% running off microplots. Runoff totals and maximum rates from meso- and microplots were each positively correlated (R super(2) = 0.89). In both years, fenamiphos lost in runoff decreased with each rainfall event (1, 14, and 28 d after application). The majority of fenamiphos lost in runoff was in the fenamiphos sulfoxide form. Fenamiphos sulfoxide lost over both years from mesoplots ranged from 51% to 93% of the total fenamiphos lost, and loss from microplots ranged from 47% to 100% of the total fenamiphos lost. Runoff from meso- and microplots 1 d after fenamiphos application, a "reasonable worst-case" event, had the greatest fenamiphos losses among events. Total losses of fenamiphos for this event averaged 1.2% (CV = 26%) of applied amount for mesoplots and 1.3% (CV = 47%) of applied amount for microplots. Maximum (seasonal) fenamiphos losses for meso- and microplots were 1.4% of applied for mesoplots and 2.6% of applied for microplots. A positive correlation was obtained between microplots and mesoplots for total losses of fenamiphos + metabolites (R super(2) = 0.88), fenamiphos parent (R super(2) = 0.89), and fenamiphos sulfoxide (R super(2) = 0.81). Relatively poor agreement was found for relatively small losses of fenamiphos sulfone between plot types (R super(2) = 0.34). Microplots and mesoplots yielded statistically similar results in terms of runoff and fenamiphos losses; thus, microplot results can be extrapolated up to larger mesoplot areas under these conditions. This has implications for field-scale management and watershed assessment in the Coastal Plain region of the southeast U.S. in that microplot and rainfall simulation results could be useful as statistically valid input datasets to estimate runoff and associated fenamiphos losses from larger areas. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Truman, C C AU - Johnson, A W AU - Sumner, H R AU - Hook, JE AU - Dowler, C C AU - Chandler, L D AU - Gascho, G J AU - Davis, J G AD - USDA-ARS Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 946, 2316 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31794, USA, don@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 669 EP - 676 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Path of Pollutants KW - Rainfall KW - Agricultural Watersheds KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Simulation KW - Metabolites KW - Watersheds KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Application Rates KW - corn KW - USA KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - loam KW - Zea mays KW - Sand KW - Pesticides KW - plains KW - Seasonal variations KW - Runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19939955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Fenamiphos+Losses+Under+Simulated+Rainfall%3A+Plot+Size+Effects&rft.au=Wauchope%2C+R+D%3BTruman%2C+C+C%3BJohnson%2C+A+W%3BSumner%2C+H+R%3BHook%2C+JE%3BDowler%2C+C+C%3BChandler%2C+L+D%3BGascho%2C+G+J%3BDavis%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Wauchope&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - loam; Sulfur dioxide; Sand; Rainfall; Simulation; plains; Metabolites; Watersheds; Seasonal variations; corn; Path of Pollutants; Agricultural Watersheds; Pesticides; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Simulated Rainfall; Application Rates; Runoff; Zea mays; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hybridization Between Canada Lynx and Bobcats: Genetic Results and Management Implications AN - 19701733; 6485461 AB - Hybridization between taxonomically similar species is an often-overlooked mechanism limiting the recovery of threatened and endangered species. We present molecular genetic data for the first time demonstrating that Canada lynx and bobcats hybridize in the wild. We verify that two microsatellite loci Lc106 and Lc110 have non-overlapping allele ranges between Canada lynx and bobcats, and that three putative lynx from Minnesota contain DNA from both bobcats and lynx. Additionally, we use a published test for the 16S rRNA region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to determine the maternal species; all hybrids had lynx mothers. Fifteen per cent (3/20) of our 'putative lynx' samples were hybrids, although these data are not from a representative sampling effort. Hybridization may be an under-appreciated factor limiting the distribution and recovery of lynx. The presence of hybrids is thus a new factor in the population management of both species with potential implications for hunting and trapping of bobcats. JF - Conservation Genetics AU - Schwartz, Michael K AU - Pilgrim, Kristine L AU - McKelvey, Kevin S AU - Lindquist, Edward L AU - Claar, James J AU - Loch, Steve AU - Ruggiero, Leonard F AD - USDA/USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E. Beckwith, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA; fax: Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 349 EP - 355 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany, [mailto:subscriptions@springer.de], [URL:http://www.springer.de/] VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1566-0621, 1566-0621 KW - Bobcat KW - Canadian Lynx KW - Lynxes KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Microsatellites KW - USA, Minnesota KW - mitochondrial DNA KW - Lynx KW - Mitochondrial DNA KW - hybrids KW - conservation genetics KW - Canada KW - Hybrids KW - hunting KW - DNA KW - Lynx canadensis KW - Endangered species KW - Sampling KW - Hunting KW - rRNA 16S KW - Conservation genetics KW - Lynx rufus KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - G 07405:Carnivora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19701733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Genetics&rft.atitle=Hybridization+Between+Canada+Lynx+and+Bobcats%3A+Genetic+Results+and+Management+Implications&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Michael+K%3BPilgrim%2C+Kristine+L%3BMcKelvey%2C+Kevin+S%3BLindquist%2C+Edward+L%3BClaar%2C+James+J%3BLoch%2C+Steve%3BRuggiero%2C+Leonard+F&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Genetics&rft.issn=15660621&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ACOGE.0000031141.47148.8b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mitochondrial DNA; Hybrids; Microsatellites; Endangered species; Sampling; Hunting; Conservation genetics; rRNA 16S; conservation genetics; hybrids; DNA; hunting; mitochondrial DNA; Lynx; Lynx canadensis; Lynx rufus; Canada; USA, Minnesota DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:COGE.0000031141.47148.8b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DIETS OF SYMPATRIC POPULATIONS OF AMERICAN MARTENS (MARTES AMERICANA) AND FISHERS (MARTES PENNANTI) IN CALIFORNIA AN - 19336122; 8697110 AB - American martens (Martes americana) and fishers (M. pennanti) occur together in mixed-conifer forests of the southern Sierra Nevada. We studied their diets in the area of sympatry by examining their feces and comparing diet diversity and overlap. Diets of both species were more diverse than previously reported in North America. Although the diet of fishers appeared to include more remains of birds, lizards, hypogeous fungi, and insects than that of martens, the rank contribution of prey items to the diets did not differ and the Pianka index of dietary overlap was high. The great diversity of diets of fishers and martens may be due to the absence or rarity of large prey (e.g., snowshoe hares [Lepus americanus] and porcupines [Erethizon dorsatum]) or to a greater diversity of available prey types in the southern Sierra Nevada compared to other study sites for Martes in North America. The high degree of overlap in diets is surprising given the body size differences between martens and fishers, previously described differences in their diets, and similar use of other niche dimensions. The similarity is probably due, in part, to the relatively large pool of diverse and available resources that are exploited by both species by using similar modes of foraging. In addition, our sample of martens was drawn from the lowest margin of their elevational range in the southern Sierra; a more comprehensive survey of the diets of martens at higher elevations may yield different results. JF - Journal of Mammalogy AU - Zielinski, William J AU - Duncan, Neil P AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory, Arcata, CA 95521, USA (WJZ), bzielinski@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 470 EP - 477 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 85 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2372, 0022-2372 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - food habits KW - Martes americana KW - Martes pennanti KW - Sierra Nevada KW - diet KW - feces KW - fisher KW - foraging KW - marten KW - Diets KW - Martes KW - Erethizon dorsatum KW - Niches KW - Sympatric populations KW - Fungi KW - Forests KW - Sympatry KW - Lacertilia KW - Body size KW - Feces KW - Lepus americanus KW - Prey KW - K 03410:Animal Diseases KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19336122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=DIETS+OF+SYMPATRIC+POPULATIONS+OF+AMERICAN+MARTENS+%28MARTES+AMERICANA%29+AND+FISHERS+%28MARTES+PENNANTI%29+IN+CALIFORNIA&rft.au=Zielinski%2C+William+J%3BDuncan%2C+Neil+P&rft.aulast=Zielinski&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.issn=00222372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1644%2F1545-1542%282004%290852.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Fungi; Sympatric populations; Niches; Body size; Forests; Sympatry; Feces; Prey; Martes pennanti; Martes; Erethizon dorsatum; Lacertilia; Martes americana; Lepus americanus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0470:DOSPOA>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of microbial antagonists and a ryegrass rotation on Rhizoctonia disease of potato AN - 18064714; 5993556 AB - Rhizoctonia disease of potato is a persistent problem in Maine. Sustainable management practices, including biocontrol and effective crop rotations, were investigated. Efficacy of twenty-eight potential antagonists and several crop rotations were tested in greenhouse trials. Field experiments were conducted to determine if biocontrol could be enhanced within effective rotations. In greenhouse trials, some organisms successfully reduced stem canker or black scurf, but none consistently controlled both aspects of this disease. Ryegrass rotations reduced stem canker compared to potato or clover rotations. In field experiments, the barley/ryegrass rotation increased yield and reduced stem canker severity relative to the potato rotation at 1 of 2 locations. Biocontrol treatments increased marketable yield at 1 location, and, although variable, black scurf control was greatest within barley rotations at the other location. This approach demonstrates that microbial antagonists and effective crop rotations can potentially increase yield and suppress Rhizoclonia disease of potato. JF - Phytopathology AU - Brewer, M T AU - Larkin, R P AD - USDA-ARS New England Plant, Soil, and Water Laboratory, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Potato KW - Rhizoctonia disease KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0004-NEA KW - Biological control KW - Crop rotation KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Disease control KW - Stem canker KW - Black scurf KW - Field trials KW - Antagonists KW - Greenhouses KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18064714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+microbial+antagonists+and+a+ryegrass+rotation+on+Rhizoctonia+disease+of+potato&rft.au=Brewer%2C+M+T%3BLarkin%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Brewer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crop rotation; Biological control; Disease control; Stem canker; Field trials; Black scurf; Antagonists; Greenhouses; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungicide management of fruit diseases of strawberry in Louisiana and Mississippi AN - 18057777; 5993585 AB - Fungicide studies were conducted at Hammond, LA and Poplarville, MS during the 2002 and 2003 fruiting seasons. Ten (MS) or 13 (LA) fungicide treatments were applied at 7-10 day intervals to the strawberry cullivars, Camarosa (LA), Chandler (MS) and Pelican (MS). Berry diseases were identified and counted at harvest. The amount of fruit diseases, particularly anthracnose and gray mold, was low. Stem-end rot caused by Gnomonia comari was prevalent and was controlled by the combination fungicides, Elevate + Captan, Pristine, and Switch. Gray mold incidence was reduced by Scala, Elevate + Captan, Pristine, Switch, boscalid, and Elevate. In at least two of the four trials, the number of berries with diseases symptoms was lowest on plots treated with Pristine, Switch, Cabrio, Captevate, Captan, and Quadris. JF - Phytopathology AU - Smith, B J AU - Constantin, R J AU - Quebedeaux, J P AU - Wedge, DE AD - USDA-ARS, Poplarville, MS 39470 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Strawberry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - P-2004-0050-SOA KW - Fruits KW - Gnomonia comari KW - Fungicides KW - USA, Louisiana KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Disease control KW - Stem rot KW - Fragaria KW - Grey mold KW - Anthracnose KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18057777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Fungicide+management+of+fruit+diseases+of+strawberry+in+Louisiana+and+Mississippi&rft.au=Smith%2C+B+J%3BConstantin%2C+R+J%3BQuebedeaux%2C+J+P%3BWedge%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fruits; Fungicides; Disease control; Stem rot; Grey mold; Anthracnose; Gnomonia comari; Fragaria; USA, Mississippi; USA, Louisiana ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular detection of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death in California, and two additional species commonly recovered from diseased plant material AN - 18056449; 6007713 AB - Sudden oak death is a disease currently devastating forest ecosystems in several coastal areas of California. The pathogen causing this is Phytophthora ramorum, although species such as P. nemorosa and P. pseudosyringae often are recovered from symptomatic plants as well. A molecular marker system was developed based on mitochondrial sequences of the coxI and II genes for detection of Phytophthora spp. in general, and P. ramorum, P. nemorosa, and P. pseudosyringae in particular. The first-round multiplex amplification contained two primer pairs, one for amplification of plant sequences to serve as an internal control to ensure that extracted DNA was of sufficient quality to allow for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and the other specific for amplification of sequences from Phytophthora spp. The plant primers amplified the desired amplicon size in the 29 plant species tested and did not interfere with amplification by the Phytophthora genus-specific primer pair. Using DNA from purified cultures, the Phytophthora genus-specific primer pair amplified a fragment diagnostic for the genus from all 45 Phytophthora spp. evaluated, although the efficiency of amplification was lower for P. lateralis and P. sojae than for the other species. The genus-specific primer pair did not amplify sequences from the 30 Pythium spp. tested or from 29 plant species, although occasional faint bands were observed for several additional plant species. With the exception of one plant species, the resulting amplicons were smaller than the Phytophthora genus-specific amplicon. The products of the first-round amplification were diluted and amplified with primer pairs nested within the genus-specific amplicon that were specific for either P. ramorum, P. nemorosa, or P. pseudosyringae. These species-specific primers amplified the target sequence from all isolates of the pathogens under evaluation; for P. ramorum, this included 24 isolates from California, Germany, and the Netherlands. Using purified pathogen DNA, the limit of detection for P. ramorum using this marker system was approximately 2.0 fg of total DNA. However, when this DNA was spiked with DNA from healthy plant tissue extracted with a commercial miniprep procedure, the sensitivity of detection was reduced by 100- to 1,000-fold, depending on the plant species. This marker system was validated with DNA extracted from naturally infected plant samples collected from the field by comparing the sequence of the Phytophthora genus-specific amplicon, morphological identification of cultures re-covered from the same lesions and, for P. ramorum, amplification with a previously published rDNA internal transcribed spacer species-specific primer pair. Results were compared and validated with three different brands of thermal cyclers in two different laboratories to provide information about how the described PCR assay performs under different laboratory conditions. The specificity of the Phytophthora genus-specific primers suggests that they will have utility for pathogen detection in other Phytophthora pathosystems. JF - Phytopathology AU - Martin, F N AU - Tooley, P W AU - Blomquist, C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 1636 East Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA, fmartin@pw.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 621 EP - 631 VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Phytophthora nemorosa KW - COX2 gene KW - Phytophthora ramorum KW - Plant diseases KW - coxII gene KW - Genotyping KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Phytophthora pseudosyringae KW - COXI gene KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18056449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Molecular+detection+of+Phytophthora+ramorum%2C+the+causal+agent+of+sudden+oak+death+in+California%2C+and+two+additional+species+commonly+recovered+from+diseased+plant+material&rft.au=Martin%2C+F+N%3BTooley%2C+P+W%3BBlomquist%2C+C&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - COX2 gene; Plant diseases; coxII gene; Genotyping; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; COXI gene; Phytophthora nemorosa; Phytophthora ramorum; Phytophthora pseudosyringae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-Term Effects of Reclamation Treatments on Plant Succession in Iceland AN - 18053897; 5947655 AB - The long-term effects (20-45 years) of reclamation treatments on plant succession are examined at two localities in Iceland that were fertilized and seeded from 1954 to 1979 with perennial grasses or annual grasses, or left untreated. The areas that underwent reclamation treatments had significantly higher total plant cover (7-100%) than the untreated control plots (<5%), and floristic composition was usually significantly different between treated and untreated plots. Dwarf-shrubs (Calluna vulgaris and Empetrum nigrum), bryophytes, biological soil crust, grasses, and shrubs characterized the vegetation in the treated plots, but low-growing herbs that have negligible effects on the environment, such as Cardaminopsis petraea and Minuartia rubella, and grasses characterized the control plots. The seeded grass species had declined (<10%, the perennials) or disappeared (the annuals) but acted as nurse species that facilitated the colonization of native plants. It seems that by seeding, some factors that limit plant colonization were overcome. Soil nutrients, vegetation cover, litter, and biological soil crust were greater in the treated areas than the control plots. This may have enhanced colonization through an increase in soil stability and fertility, increased availability of safe microsites, increased moisture, and the capture of wind-blown seeds. This study demonstrates the importance of looking at the long-term effects of reclamation treatments to understand their impact on vegetation succession. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Gretarsdottir, J AU - Aradottir, AL AU - Vandvik, V AU - Heegaard, E AU - Birks, HJ AD - Soil Conservation Service of Iceland, Gunnarsholt, 851 Hella, Iceland. Present address: Agricultural Research Institute (RALA), Keldnaholt, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland., jarngerdur@rala.is Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 268 EP - 278 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Bryophytes KW - Grasses KW - Heather KW - Hornworts KW - Mosses KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Ecology Abstracts KW - Microhabitats KW - Freshwater KW - Succession KW - Environmental factors KW - Bryophyta KW - Restoration KW - Vegetation cover KW - Colonization KW - Fertilization KW - Fertilizers KW - Ecological succession KW - Soils KW - Ecosystem management KW - Plant populations KW - Seeds KW - Calluna vulgaris KW - Empetrum nigrum KW - Water content KW - Leaf litter KW - Community composition KW - Long-term changes KW - Poaceae KW - Plants KW - Environmental restoration KW - Iceland KW - Environment management KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18053897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Long-Term+Effects+of+Reclamation+Treatments+on+Plant+Succession+in+Iceland&rft.au=Gretarsdottir%2C+J%3BAradottir%2C+AL%3BVandvik%2C+V%3BHeegaard%2C+E%3BBirks%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Gretarsdottir&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1061-2971.2004.00371.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seeds; Microhabitats; Water content; Environmental factors; Restoration; Leaf litter; Colonization; Vegetation cover; Community composition; Fertilizers; Ecological succession; Long-term changes; Soils; Ecosystem management; Plant populations; Environment management; Fertilization; Plants; Environmental restoration; Succession; Poaceae; Calluna vulgaris; Empetrum nigrum; Bryophyta; Iceland; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00371.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multiyear synthesis of soil respiration responses to elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) from four forest FACE experiments AN - 18052332; 5947824 AB - The rapidly rising concentration of atmospheric CO sub(2) has the potential to alter forest and global carbon cycles by altering important processes that occur in soil. Forest soils contain the largest and longest lived carbon pools in terrestrial ecosystems and are therefore extremely important to the land-atmosphere exchange of carbon and future climate. Soil respiration is a sensitive integrator of many soil processes that control carbon storage in soil, and is therefore a good metric of changes to soil carbon cycling. Here, we summarize soil respiration data from four forest free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiments in developing and established forests that have been exposed to elevated atmospheric [CO sub(2)] (168 mu L L super(-1) average enrichment) for 2-6 years. The sites have similar experimental design and use similar methodology (closed-path infrared gas analyzers) to measure soil respiration, but differ in species composition of the respective forest communities. We found that elevated atmospheric [CO sub(2)] stimulated soil respiration at all sites, and this response persisted for up to 6 years. Young developing stands experienced greater stimulation than did more established stands, increasing 39% and 16%, respectively, averaged over all years and communities. Further, at sites that had more than one community, we found that species composition of the dominant trees was a major controller of the absolute soil CO sub(2) efflux and the degree of stimulation from CO sub(2) enrichment. Interestingly, we found that the temperature sensitivity of bulk soil respiration appeared to be unaffected by elevated atmospheric CO sub(2). These findings suggest that stage of stand development and species composition should be explicitly accounted for when extrapolating results from elevated CO sub(2) experiments or modeling forest and global carbon cycles. JF - Global Change Biology AU - King, J S AU - Hanson, P J AU - Bernhardt, E AU - Deangelis, P AU - Norby, R J AU - Pregitzer, K S AD - School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA, Department of Forest Environment and Resources, University of Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy, North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Houghton, MI 49931, USA, jsking@mtu.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 1027 EP - 1042 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04600:Soil KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18052332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=A+multiyear+synthesis+of+soil+respiration+responses+to+elevated+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29+from+four+forest+FACE+experiments&rft.au=King%2C+J+S%3BHanson%2C+P+J%3BBernhardt%2C+E%3BDeangelis%2C+P%3BNorby%2C+R+J%3BPregitzer%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2003.00789.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00789.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of loblolly pines measured 14 years after screening for fusiform rust resistance AN - 18051981; 5993591 AB - Assessing rust resistance and growth of loblolly pine indicates that many progeny selected for resistance to fusiform rust exhibit reduced growth after 14 years in the field on a site with low rust incidence. Fifty different crosses of loblolly pines with rust resistance (Pinus taeda L.) were planted in Louisiana to evaluate diameter growth. Selection of crosses for outplanting was done by screening nine-month-old rust-inoculated seedlings for symptoms without galls. Crosses with lowest incidence of fusiform rust after 9 months had the smallest diameters after 14 years. Diameters ranged from 2.1 to 11.9 inches with a mean of 8.2 inches for the 50 crosses. Large diameters occurred in the susceptible open pollinated check. If crosses that are highly resistant to fusiform rust are planted where rust incidence is low, such as on this site, a significant reduction in wood production can result. Crosses from parent 209 in this study are excellent examples of resistant crosses with reduced diameter growth in the test plantation. Discretion in family selection should be used in planning for optimum wood harvest. JF - Phytopathology AU - Walkinshaw, CH AD - USDA Forest Service, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Fusiform rust KW - Loblolly pine KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0060-SOA KW - Hybrids KW - Production KW - Pinus taeda KW - Plant breeding KW - Wood KW - Disease resistance KW - Rust KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18051981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Growth+of+loblolly+pines+measured+14+years+after+screening+for+fusiform+rust+resistance&rft.au=Walkinshaw%2C+CH&rft.aulast=Walkinshaw&rft.aufirst=CH&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Production; Hybrids; Plant breeding; Wood; Disease resistance; Rust; Pinus taeda ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymorphic microsatellite loci in Eurytoma brunniventris , a generalist parasitoid in oak cynipid galls AN - 18051800; 5948210 AB - Eurytoma brunniventris is a parasitic wasp with a wide range of host species. We have developed primers for nine polymorphic microsatellite loci to allow examination of intraspecific population subdivision associated with two aspects of the biology of their hosts: host species (oak gallwasps) and the tree on which the gallwasp develops (different oak species). All nine loci amplified well across individuals collected from a range of gallwasp species and across two oak taxa. These microsatellite loci are potentially of value in the study of closely related economic pests such as seed predators of almonds (E. amygdali) and pistachios (E. plotnikovi). JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Hale, M L AU - Acs, Z AU - Stone, G N AD - School of Biology, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK, Systematic Parasitoid Laboratory, Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Service of Vas County, Kelcz-Adelffy St. 6, Koeszeg 9730, Hungary, Edinburgh University Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK, m.l.hale@ncl.ac.uk Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 197 EP - 199 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Eurytomids KW - Jointworms KW - Seed chalcids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Eurytoma brunniventris KW - Eurytoma plotnikovi KW - Galls KW - Population genetics KW - Microsatellites KW - Ecological genetics KW - Eurytomidae KW - Eurytoma amygdali KW - Population structure KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - Z 05219:Population genetics KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18051800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Polymorphic+microsatellite+loci+in+Eurytoma+brunniventris+%2C+a+generalist+parasitoid+in+oak+cynipid+galls&rft.au=Hale%2C+M+L%3BAcs%2C+Z%3BStone%2C+G+N&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1471-8286.2004.00612.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eurytoma plotnikovi; Eurytomidae; Eurytoma amygdali; Eurytoma brunniventris; Microsatellites; Galls; Population structure; Population genetics; Ecological genetics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00612.x ER - TY - CONF T1 - Susceptibility of southern highbush blueberry cultivars to Botryosphaeria stem blight AN - 18051756; 5993466 AB - Stem blight, caused by the fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea, is a destructive disease of rabbiteye and highbush blueberries in the southeastern United States. The susceptibility of 20 southern highbush, two rabbiteye, and two highbush cultivars were compared using a detached stem assay. Fresh isolates of B. dothidea obtained from infected southern highbush blueberry plants were used as inoculum. Succulent, partially-hardened stems were surface disinfected, wounded by scraping away a section of bark, and inoculated by covering the wound with a mycelial agar block of B. dothedia and securing with parafilm wrap. The base of each stem was inserted into moistened, sterilized sand in a 150 times 25 mm tissue culture tube and incubated at 25 degree C, 100% RH for 30 days. Lesion length was measured after 15 days incubation. Cultivars with the shortest mean lesion length were classified as apparently resistant and included Pearl River, Emerald, Star, Sharpblue, Elliott, Misty, Bluecrisp, Darrow, Southmoon, Ozarkhlue, Sapphire, and Brightwell. Cultivars with the longest lesions were classified as apparently susceptible and included Legacy, Gulf Coast, Cooper, Georgiagem, O'Neal, Reveille, Jubilee, and Magnolia. Tifblue, Windsor, Biloxi and Santa Fe were classified as tolerant. JF - Phytopathology AU - Smith, B J Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Highbush blueberry KW - Blueberries KW - Cranberries KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0032-SOA KW - Botryosphaeria dothidea KW - Vaccinium KW - Stems KW - Stem blight KW - Bioassays KW - Classification KW - Cultivars KW - Lesions KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18051756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+southern+highbush+blueberry+cultivars+to+Botryosphaeria+stem+blight&rft.au=Smith%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water relations in grassland and desert ecosystems exposed to elevated atmospheric CO sub(2) AN - 18047455; 6017951 AB - Atmospheric CO sub(2) enrichment may stimulate plant growth directly through (1) enhanced photosynthesis or indirectly, through (2) reduced plant water consumption and hence slower soil moisture depletion, or the combination of both. Herein we describe gas exchange, plant biomass and species responses of five native or semi-native temperate and Mediterranean grasslands and three semi-arid systems to CO sub(2) enrichment, with an emphasis on water relations. Increasing CO sub(2) led to decreased leaf conductance for water vapor, improved plant water status, altered seasonal evapotranspiration dynamics, and in most cases, periodic increases in soil water content. The extent, timing and duration of these responses varied among ecosystems, species and years. Across the grasslands of the Kansas tallgrass prairie, Colorado shortgrass steppe and Swiss calcareous grassland, increases in aboveground biomass from CO sub(2) enrichment were relatively greater in dry years. In contrast, CO sub(2)-induced aboveground biomass increases in the Texas C sub(3)/C sub(4) grassland and the New Zealand pasture seemed little or only marginally influenced by yearly variation in soil water, while plant growth in the Mojave Desert was stimulated by CO sub(2) in a relatively wet year. Mediterranean grasslands sometimes failed to respond to CO sub(2)-related increased late-season water, whereas semiarid Negev grassland assemblages profited. Vegetative and reproductive responses to CO sub(2) were highly varied among species and ecosystems, and did not generally follow any predictable pattern in regard to functional groups. Results suggest that the indirect effects of CO sub(2) on plant and soil water relations may contribute substantially to experimentally induced CO sub(2)-effects, and also reflect local humidity conditions. For landscape scale predictions, this analysis calls for a clear distinction between biomass responses due to direct CO sub(2) effects on photosynthesis and those indirect CO sub(2) effects via soil moisture as documented here. JF - Oecologia AU - Morgan, JA AU - Pataki, DE AU - Koerner, C AU - Clark, H AU - Grosso, Del, SJ AU - Gruenzweig, J M AU - Knapp, A K AU - Mosier, A R AU - Newton, P C AU - Niklaus, P A AU - Nippert, J B AU - Nowak, R S AU - Parton, W J AU - Polley, H W AU - Shaw, M R AD - Rangeland Resources Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1701 Centre Ave., 80526, Fort Collins, CO, USA, Jack.Morgan@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 11 EP - 25 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 140 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Gas exchange KW - Grasslands KW - Growth KW - USA, Colorado KW - Water relations KW - Deserts KW - USA, Kansas KW - Biomass KW - New Zealand KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18047455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Water+relations+in+grassland+and+desert+ecosystems+exposed+to+elevated+atmospheric+CO+sub%282%29&rft.au=Morgan%2C+JA%3BPataki%2C+DE%3BKoerner%2C+C%3BClark%2C+H%3BGrosso%2C+Del%2C+SJ%3BGruenzweig%2C+J+M%3BKnapp%2C+A+K%3BMosier%2C+A+R%3BNewton%2C+P+C%3BNiklaus%2C+P+A%3BNippert%2C+J+B%3BNowak%2C+R+S%3BParton%2C+W+J%3BPolley%2C+H+W%3BShaw%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00442-004-1550-2 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00442/bibs/4140001/41400011.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Kansas; USA, Colorado; New Zealand; Water relations; Grasslands; Deserts; Growth; Gas exchange; Biomass DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1550-2 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Role and use of arbuscular mycorrhizae in root disease management AN - 18046527; 5993387 AB - Soilborne pathogens causing root diseases must compete, prior to penetration of root tissue, with rhizosphere soil bacteria, actinomycetes, fauna, and fungi, including those that form mycorrhizae. Mycorrhiza formation causes physiological changes and direct or indirect rhizosphere microbial shifts that can affect the behavior of pathogens. Some reports indicate that mycorrhizae can induce some increased resistance in tissues, but a more likely explanation for root disease reduction is increased microbial antagonism in the mycorrhizosphere. Time to establish the symbiotic relationship before pathogen ingress is required for disease suppression to occur, and the background soil or growth medium must have sufficient antagonists to increase in association with mycorrhizae. Organic amendments, such as composts, could increase the level of antagonists in the background soil. However, inoculation of transplants with AM fungi and antagonistic associates prior to field planting could also result in sufficient antagonism to suppress root pathogens. JF - Phytopathology AU - Linderman, R G Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0047-SSA KW - Plant diseases KW - Rhizosphere KW - Disease control KW - Roots KW - Antagonism KW - Soil-borne diseases KW - arbuscular mycorrhizas KW - A 01047:General KW - A 01030:General KW - K 03096:Mycorrhiza UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18046527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Role+and+use+of+arbuscular+mycorrhizae+in+root+disease+management&rft.au=Linderman%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Linderman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evaluating the potential utility of partial resistance to Bremia lactucae from the lettuce cultivars 'Grand Rapids' and 'Iceberg' AN - 18044603; 5992871 AB - Single dominant Dm genes that confer race-specific resistance to downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) have historically had short effective life spans once deployed in lettuce cultivars. Partial or 'field resistance' (FR) has been investigated as an alternative and possibly more durable host resistance strategy. Most studies of FR, including ongoing mapping efforts, have focused on the cultivar 'Iceberg'. We sought to evaluate the utility of the cultivar 'Grand Rapids' as a source of FR, particularly in comparison to 'Iceberg'. Field trials were conducted in the Salinas Valley of California over a three-year period to examine responses of both cultivars to endemic populations of B. lactucae. Both cultivars remained nearly free of symptoms, with a level of resistance comparable to cultivars with effective Dm genes. Both FR cultivars were crossed with susceptible cultivars and evaluated for response to B. lactucae. Susceptibility of F1 progeny established that FR was recessive, and similar segregation of FR in F2 and other populations suggested similar inheritance for both cultivars. A large proportion of 'Grand Rapids' times 'Iceberg' F2:4 families were susceptible, implying that FR genes in the two cultivars were not allelic. Based on the susceptibility of cultivars with known genes in field experiments as well as on seedling screens using characterized isolates, FR from Grand Rapids could not be attributed to any known Dm genes. Our results suggest that 'Grand Rapids' may be useful as a source of one or more novel B. lactucae resistance genes. JF - Phytopathology AU - Grube, R C Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Lettuce KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0241-AMA KW - Bremia lactucae KW - ^ADm gene KW - Plant diseases KW - Dm gene KW - Disease resistance KW - Downy mildew KW - Inheritance KW - Lactuca sativa KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18044603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+potential+utility+of+partial+resistance+to+Bremia+lactucae+from+the+lettuce+cultivars+%27Grand+Rapids%27+and+%27Iceberg%27&rft.au=Grube%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Grube&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot and increased recovery of NOS+ Streptomyces spp. in rapeseed meal amended soils AN - 18044026; 5992773 AB - Rapeseed seed meal (RSM) amendment to orchard soils suppressed apple root infection by R. solum AG-5, and resulted in significantly higher populations of Streptomyces spp. In soil and recovered from apple roots. Although a preponderance of Streptomyces spp. Resident to treated soils inhibited in vitro growth of R. solani, the vast majority resident to the rhizosphere were not antagonistic toward the pathogen and RSM amendment did not deter saprophytic growth of R. solani. Preliminary results from split-root studies indicate that seedlings planted in RSM-amended soil display heightened systemic resistance against R. solani. A large proportion of Streptomyces spp. Recovered from the apple rhizosphere produced nitric oxide (NO) via NO synthase and production of nitrogen oxides by bacterial nitrification was greater than 100-fold higher in RSM-amended soils than control or glucose-amended soils. Based on known roles of NO in plant defense mechanisms and the long-term nature of Streptomyces root colonization we have observed in the field, we hypothesize functions for NO in RSM-mediated disease suppression. JF - Phytopathology AU - Cohen, M F AU - Yamasaki, H AU - Mazzola, M Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - P-2004-0128-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Rhizosphere KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Disease resistance KW - Soil amendment KW - Root rot KW - Nitric-oxide synthase KW - Streptomyces KW - Nitric oxide KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18044026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Suppression+of+Rhizoctonia+root+rot+and+increased+recovery+of+NOS%2B+Streptomyces+spp.+in+rapeseed+meal+amended+soils&rft.au=Cohen%2C+M+F%3BYamasaki%2C+H%3BMazzola%2C+M&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Streptomyces strain variation and differences in inoculum density contribute to the severity of potato common scab AN - 18041778; 5993300 AB - Common scab, caused by a complex of Streptomyces species, is an important potato disease that also affects other root and tuber crops worldwide. The basis for differences in scab severity observed in different years or different fields is poorly understood. Severity of scab lesions and other disease phenotypes caused by isolates of Streptomyces were examined in radish and potato. Disease severity differed when plants were grown in soil inoculated at initial inoculum densities over a range of 5 logs. Pathogen inoculum density was a primary determinant of disease severity on radish, including both lesions type and phytotoxicity to seedlings and older plants. Individual isolates differed in the inoculum concentration range at which disease symptoms became more severe, indicating that isolates differ in aggressiveness. Isolates differing in aggressiveness on radish also produced differences in disease symptoms on two potato cultivars. The ranking of aggressiveness was not always the same between radish and potato, or between potato cultivars. Disease symptoms were not limited to scabby lesions on potato tubers but also included plant stunting, wilting, necrosis and death, reduction in root biomass, reddish-brown lesions on underground portions of the stem, elongating stolons, and roots. Differences in densities of the population of scab-causing streptomycetes in the soil as well as differences in aggressiveness seem likely to contribute to differences in incidence and severity of scab seen in the field. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wanner, LA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Potato KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0734-AMA KW - Host specificity KW - Plant diseases KW - Virulence KW - Soil KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Streptomyces KW - Inoculum KW - Scab KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18041778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Streptomyces+strain+variation+and+differences+in+inoculum+density+contribute+to+the+severity+of+potato+common+scab&rft.au=Wanner%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Wanner&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Persistence of Phytophthora ramorum in nursery plants and soil AN - 18041620; 5993232 AB - Phytophthora ramorum causes cankers, dieback, and foliar symptoms on a number of hosts, but its behavior in soil has not been well examined. When Rhododendron 'Cunningham's White' were inoculated with a sporangial suspension (approx. 2,500 sporangia/mL) on foliage, incubated in a dew chamber for 3 days, then kept in the greenhouse at 20-24 degree C, tissue taken weekly from the edge of lesions gave rise to colonics of P. ramorum on selective medium for at least 90 days. When leaf tissue containing chlamydospores was buried in mesh bags in pots containing nursery stock, incubated in the greenhouse and sampled monthly, chlamydospores formed colonies on selective media for at least 155 days after burial. When mycelium that included chlamydospores (grown in rye seed/water culture) was buried in a similar fashion and sampled monthly, chlamydospores also formed colonies for at least 155 days. When roots of rhododendron were dipped in a sporangial suspension (approx. 2,500 sporangia/mL) and then planted in coarse soilless medium, P. ramorum could be isolated from washed or 0.5% sodium hypochlorite surface-sterilized roots 10-66 days later. These results indicate that P. ramorum may persist in nursery container media. JF - Phytopathology AU - Shishkoff, N AU - Tooley, P Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0649-AMA KW - Persistence KW - Roots KW - Mycelia KW - Soil KW - Phytophthora ramorum KW - Chlamydospores KW - Plants KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18041620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Persistence+of+Phytophthora+ramorum+in+nursery+plants+and+soil&rft.au=Shishkoff%2C+N%3BTooley%2C+P&rft.aulast=Shishkoff&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Selection and field evaluation of choline-utilizing microbial strains as potential biocontrol agents of Fusarium head blight AN - 18041542; 5993218 AB - The importance of choline in Fusarium head blight (FHB) development is debatable (Plant Dis. 88; 175-180). Choline in wheat anthers can stimulate growth of conidial germ tubes of Gibberella zeae suggesting that choline-utilizing strains (CUS) may be effective competitors of the pathogen. Because combinations of strains can potentially increase the efficacy and consistency of biocontrol, CUS were sought to combine with efficacious FHB biocontrol strain Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9 (NRRL Y-30216). CUS were identified from a microbial collection obtained from wheat anthers. When choline chloride was supplied as a sole carbon source in liquid culture, 122 CUS were identified out of 738 (16.5%) strains assayed using a colorimetric, choline oxidase-based bioassay. Twelve CUS with FHB biocontrol activity in greenhouse assays were selected for field testing. Four of 12 CUS reduced FHB symptoms at 2 sites on 2 wheat varieties. A Gram-positive bacterial CUS AS 54.6 reduced disease severity by 17-60% on Pioneer 2545. JF - Phytopathology AU - Schisler, DA AU - Khan, NI AU - Boehm, MJ AU - Zhang, S AU - Slininger, P J Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0631-AMA KW - Biological control KW - Fusarium KW - Choline KW - Plant diseases KW - Gibberella zeae KW - Blight KW - Cryptococcus nodaensis KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18041542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Selection+and+field+evaluation+of+choline-utilizing+microbial+strains+as+potential+biocontrol+agents+of+Fusarium+head+blight&rft.au=Schisler%2C+DA%3BKhan%2C+NI%3BBoehm%2C+MJ%3BZhang%2C+S%3BSlininger%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Schisler&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Expanded host and geographic range of Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis AN - 18041153; 5992727 AB - Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis is an emerging pathogen that causes bacterial blight on crucifers in California. In 1995 a bacterial disease of arugula (Eruca sativa) in California was reported to be caused by P. syringae pv. maculicola and a similar disease was observed in New Jersey. Further characterization of pathogens from both locations indicated they were P. syringae pv. alisalensis. REP-PCR banding patterns of the arugula isolates were identical to those of P. syringae pv. alisalensis but distinct from P. syringae pv. maculicola patterns. Additionally, a bacteriophage isolated using P. syringae pv. alisalensis as a host lysed the arugula strains but not P. syringae pv. maculicola strains. Although these data indicate that the pathogens from arugula were P. syringae pv. alisalensis, additional host range studies are in progress to confirm this conclusion. While all the P. syringae pv. alisalensis strains from rappini and broccoli tested to date were positive for ice nucleation, the strains from arugula were negative. These data expand the geographic and host range of P. syringae pv. alisalensis which currently is known to be pathogenic on other crucifers and monocots and indicate that this pathogen is variable for ice nucleation. These data expand the geographic and host range of P. syringae pv. alisalensis which currently is known to be pathogenic on other crucifers and monocots and indicate that this pathogen is variable for ice nucleation. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bull, C T AU - Goldman, PH AU - Morris, N C AU - Koike, ST AU - Kobayashi, D Y Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0077-AMA KW - Geographical distribution KW - Plant diseases KW - Host range KW - Phage typing KW - Genotyping KW - Blight KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - USA, California KW - Eruca sativa KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18041153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Expanded+host+and+geographic+range+of+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+alisalensis&rft.au=Bull%2C+C+T%3BGoldman%2C+PH%3BMorris%2C+N+C%3BKoike%2C+ST%3BKobayashi%2C+D+Y&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Simultaneous identification and quantification of Rhizoctonia solani and R. oryzae from root samples using real-time PCR AN - 18041110; 5993122 AB - In the Pacific Northwest (PNW), Rhizoctonia damping off and root rot of small grain cereals are attributed to Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 and R. oryzae. The former is also associated with bare patch disease of wheat. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of Rhizoctonia indicate that PNW populations of R. oryzae and R. solani are comprised of at least three and four groups, respectively. PNW R. solani isolates, originally thought be of anastomosis group (AG) 8, shared significant ITS sequence identity to members of AG-2-1 and AG-10 in Genbank searches. AG has been correlated with ITS sequence for R. solani associated with bare batch of sugar beets in France. Our data indicate that PNW isolates associated with root rot and bare patch are more diverse than originally thought. We have developed an approach for designing real-time (quantitative) PCR primers that are specific to the ITS DNA of each lineage. The approach involves extensive scrutiny of primer and target sequences for potential PCR artifacts using a battery of sequence analysis software, and optimization of amplification conditions using a 96-sample Q-PCR thermo-cycler. A high throughput method for extraction of Rhizoctonia DNA from pure culture and plant material is being developed. Results of AG testing and primer performance will also be discussed. Our strategy for primer design and analysis can be applied to ITS sequences from any fungal pathogen, and can be extended to DNA sequences from bacterial and viral pathogens. JF - Phytopathology AU - Okubara, P A AU - Paulitz, T C Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0524-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Root rot KW - Rhizoctonia oryzae KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18041110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+identification+and+quantification+of+Rhizoctonia+solani+and+R.+oryzae+from+root+samples+using+real-time+PCR&rft.au=Okubara%2C+P+A%3BPaulitz%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Okubara&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of cover crop decomposition on soil microbial and plant pathogen dynamics AN - 18040263; 5993632 AB - Cover crops are receiving increasing attention for their benefits in improving soil fertility and increasing suppressiveness to soilborne pathogens. Stages of oat-vetch cover crop decomposition were characterized over time in terms of carbon and nitrogen cycling, microbial activity and damping-off pathogen dynamics in organically and conventionally managed soils. Both field and controlled incubation experiments were conducted. Disease incidence and relative growth of Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani were measured in growthchamber assays, in vitro growth tests, and field experiments. Incorporated residues led to immediate significant increases in biomass of microorganisms, microbial activity, and C/N ratios of debris. No significant differences were detected between the conventional and organic farming systems with respect to either relative growth or disease incidence. Total C and N content of debris and NH4-N content explain observed P. aphanidermatum dynamics most consistently. Cover crop decomposition is a very dynamic process and affects the soil microbial community and plant pathogen populations in complex ways. JF - Phytopathology AU - Grunwald, N AD - USDA-ARS Vegetable and Forage Crop Research Unit, Prosser, WA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0046-SSA KW - Plant diseases KW - Carbon/nitrogen ratio KW - Damping-off KW - Cover crops KW - Pathogens KW - Biomass KW - Decomposition KW - Pythium aphanidermatum KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01047:General KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18040263?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+cover+crop+decomposition+on+soil+microbial+and+plant+pathogen+dynamics&rft.au=Grunwald%2C+N&rft.aulast=Grunwald&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant diseases; Carbon/nitrogen ratio; Damping-off; Cover crops; Pathogens; Biomass; Decomposition; Soil microorganisms; Pythium aphanidermatum ER - TY - CONF T1 - Temperature effect on sporulation of Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. obtusa, and B. rhodina AN - 18039922; 5993445 AB - Botryosphaeria spp. were grown on autoclaved apple and peach stems with constant moisture at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 degree C to determine the effect of temperature on sporulation. Conidia per pyenidium were counted weekly from 4 to 10 wks alter inoculation. Number of conidia per pyenidium of B. dothidea and B. obtusa had a quadratic response to temperature with maximum sporulation at 24 degree C and 18 degree C, respectively. For B. dothidea and B. obtusa, percent conidia with a septum or dark pigmentation was not affected by temperature and pycnidia were crumpent through the bark typical of their habit in nature. Number of conidia per pyenidium of B. rhodina was significant; however, sporulation was not different between 12, 24, and 30 degree C and between 6, 18, 24, and 30 degree C, so a distinct pattern of significance was not present. In contrast, percent B. rhodina conidia with dark pigmentation and a septum had a quadratic response due to temperature with a maximum at 24 degree C. Mycelia and pycnidia of B. rhodina grew on lop of the bark atypical of their habit in nature. While all three species produced conidia from 6 to 30 degree C, greatest numbers of conidia or conidia with dark pigmentation, which would affect duration conidia remain viable, occurred at 18 to 24 degree C. JF - Phytopathology AU - Copes, W E AU - Hendrix, F F Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - peach KW - apple KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0005-SOA KW - Temperature effects KW - Pigmentation KW - Botryosphaeria rhodina KW - Growth conditions KW - Temperature-sensitive KW - Botryosphaeria obtusa KW - Sporulation KW - Botryosphaeria dothidea KW - Conidia KW - Mycelia KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18039922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Temperature+effect+on+sporulation+of+Botryosphaeria+dothidea%2C+B.+obtusa%2C+and+B.+rhodina&rft.au=Copes%2C+W+E%3BHendrix%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Copes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Transmissibility and genotype analysis of Central California isolates of Citrus tristeza enterovirus AN - 18039868; 5993405 AB - To ascertain the threat posed by Citrus tristeza closterovirus (CTV) in Central California, spread of CTV was monitored from 1997 to 2003 in selected CTV 'hot spots'. In Tulare Co. where CTV eradication stopped in 1996, incidences up to 42% were found with annual spread rates from 1.6 to 3.6%. In Kern Co. where eradication continues, incidence in a plot in a 4-year-old orchard went from 0 to 5% over a 3-year period before infected trees were eradicated. Fifty field isolates were collected and vector transmissibility examined using standardized conditions and 5 to 10 Aphis gossypii per receptor plant. The isolates fell into two broad transmission categories: low (zero to 8%) and moderately high (16 to 64%) which remained consistent for an isolate (e.g. always high or always low). Nearly all isolates characterized had the same genotype as the T30 mild strain from Florida. A few isolates had a nonstandard genotype. Aphid transmission did not result in genotype pattern changes, although some sequence variations did occur with some aphid transmitted sub-isolates. These results show that significant reservoirs of CTV now exist, some isolates are highly aphid transmissible, and the genotype of most local isolates is associated with a mild CTV strain. Efforts are now underway to sequence isolates of high and low transmissibility in an attempt to determine which gene(s) control vector transmission. JF - Phytopathology AU - Yokomi, R K Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0078-SSA KW - Plant diseases KW - Fruit trees KW - Genetic analysis KW - Vectors KW - Genotypes KW - Disease transmission KW - Citrus tristeza closterovirus KW - Aphis gossypii KW - Disease reservoirs KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18039868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Transmissibility+and+genotype+analysis+of+Central+California+isolates+of+Citrus+tristeza+enterovirus&rft.au=Yokomi%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Yokomi&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Spiroplasma kunkelii genome: Insights to a parasitic lifestyle in insects and plants AN - 18039841; 5993378 AB - We are sequencing the 1.6 Mbp genome of the helical, motile, cell wall-less prokaryote, Spiroplasma kunkelii, causal agent of corn stunt disease, to gain insights into its parasitism and pathogenicity in plants and insect vectors. Sequence data are available at http://www.genome.ou.edu/spiro.html. Features of the genome include genes found in the Bacillus/Clostridium group but absent in Mycoplasma; absence of cell wall biosynthesis genes found in the division/cell wall gene cluster of walled bacteria; numerous repeated sequences; and genes encoding adhesins, mobile elements including Spiroplasma virus and plasmids, and predicted macromolecule translocation systems: a See-dependent secretion pathway, a type IV secretion pathway, a twin-arginine pathway, a signal recognition particle-dependent pathway, and an ABC transporter-mediated pathway. The data provide clues to understanding evolutionary genome reduction approaching the minimal set of genes required for parasitism and pathogenicity in insect and plant hosts. JF - Phytopathology AU - Davis, R E AU - Zhao, Y AU - Dally, EL AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Lin, S AU - Roc, B AU - Shao, J AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0027-SSA KW - Genomes KW - Spiroplasma kunkelii KW - Stunt KW - Pathogenicity KW - ABC transporter KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Repeated DNA sequences KW - Genetic code KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18039841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=The+Spiroplasma+kunkelii+genome%3A+Insights+to+a+parasitic+lifestyle+in+insects+and+plants&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+E%3BZhao%2C+Y%3BDally%2C+EL%3BJomantiene%2C+R%3BLin%2C+S%3BRoc%2C+B%3BShao%2C+J&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Stunt; Pathogenicity; ABC transporter; Host-pathogen interactions; Repeated DNA sequences; Genetic code; Spiroplasma kunkelii ER - TY - CONF T1 - Reaching destinations: Secreted proteins and protein translocation pathways in Spiroplasma kunkelii AN - 18039665; 5993340 AB - Spiroplasmas are cell wall-less, helical, and motile bacteria that parasitize insects, ticks, and plants. Under experimental conditions, certain spiroplasmas induce pathology in vertebrate animals. Spiroplasmas are thought to have evolved retrogressively from low G + C gram-positive bacteria and therefore to possess a compact genome with a gene set approaching the minimal complement necessary for cellular life and pathogenesis. The present study focused on the secreted and membrane-localized proteins and protein translocation systems encoded on the genome of Spiroplasma kunkelii, the causative agent of corn stunt disease and the first discovered spiroplasma. A total of 258 predicted proteins contained N-terminal signal peptides and/or membrane sorting signals. Genes encoding these proteins occupy 18% of the coding capacity of the entire genome. Based on the presence of genes encoding components of protein transport machineries and/or of signature motifs embedded in the signal peptides of transported preproteins, we predict the existence of multiple protein translocation pathways in S. kunkelii. These include a Sec-dependent secretion pathway, a type IV secretion pathway, a twin-arginine pathway, a signal recognition particle-dependent pathway, and an ABC transporter-mediated pathway. Since protein translocation is a major factor in pathogenesis, the discoveries from this study open new opportunities for understanding molecular mechanisms of spiroplasma interaction with their eukaryotic host(s). JF - Phytopathology AU - Zhao, Y AU - Liu, Q AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Hammond, R W AU - Davis, R E Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - secretion system (type IV) KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0787-AMA KW - Spiroplasma kunkelii KW - ABC transporter KW - Genotyping KW - Proteins KW - Translocation KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18039665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Reaching+destinations%3A+Secreted+proteins+and+protein+translocation+pathways+in+Spiroplasma+kunkelii&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Y%3BLiu%2C+Q%3BJomantiene%2C+R%3BHammond%2C+R+W%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a luxgfp bioreporter system to determine metabolic activity of an antagonist in fruit wounds AN - 18039036; 5992927 AB - Competition for nutrients has often been implicated as the main mechanism in biological control of postharvest diseases (BCPD) of fruits. High metabolic activity (MA) of the antagonists in fruit wounds (site of pathogen entry) should be essential for rapid removal of the limiting nutrients and for biocontrol to occur. To determine MA of the antagonist Pseudomonas syringae (L-59-66) in apple wounds, we constructed a derivative strain (L-GL-26) containing the luxgfp cassette. Bioluminescence due to expression of the lux cassette in L-GL-26 was proportional to MA of the cells and was easily quantified with a luminometer. Expression of gfp indicated the presence of the antagonist cells but not their MA. MA of the L-GL-26 cells in apple wounds declined greatly 48 h after application, but after the addition of 80 mM asparagine, increased 3-fold within 2 h at 24 degree C. L-GL-26 cells applied to apple wounds after starvation in phosphate buffer for 72 h increased MA more than 100-fold after 2 h at 24 degree C. Our results indicate that this bioreporter system can be used to optimize conditions to maximize MA of the antagonist in apple wounds. JF - Phytopathology AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Bassett, CL AU - Wisniewski, ME AU - Conway, W S AU - Roberts, D P AD - USDA-ARS, AFRS, Kearneysville, WV Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - apple KW - luxgfp gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0307-AMA KW - Biological control KW - Gene expression KW - Fruits KW - Plant diseases KW - Bioluminescence KW - Genetic engineering KW - Malus domestica KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - Antagonists KW - Wounds KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18039036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+luxgfp+bioreporter+system+to+determine+metabolic+activity+of+an+antagonist+in+fruit+wounds&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BBassett%2C+CL%3BWisniewski%2C+ME%3BConway%2C+W+S%3BRoberts%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Biological control; Fruits; Plant diseases; Bioluminescence; Genetic engineering; Antagonists; Wounds; Malus domestica; Pseudomonas syringae ER - TY - CONF T1 - Comparison of late blight suppression by natural products and the impact of genotype diversity on disease development and control AN - 18038582; 5993123 AB - The potential use of natural products for late blight management can promote reduced inputs and enhance sustainability of potato production. The objective of this research was to determine late blight control by non-conventional products on Phytophthora infestans isolates with diverse genotypes and quantify epidemic components under controlled conditions. Growth of isolates of different genotypes was evaluated in petri-dish assays when Rye B media was amended with essential oils (Lavender. Thyme, Thyme Borneal, Oregano); and Serenade (Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713). The percent reduction of in-vitro growth differed significantly among fungal genotypes. Inhibition of in-vitro growth was highest on the 100/1111/122 genotype. The reduction of fungal growth was best achieved when media was amended with Oregano and Serenade. In growth chamber studies, components of epidemic development (incubation & latent periods, lesion size, sporulation capacity, disease severity) incited by diverse fungal genotypes were evaluated on the variety Shepody. Incubation and latent periods ranged from 2-7 and 5-9 days, respectively. Average disease severity, lesion size and numbers were significantly impacted by fungal genotypes and isolates with the 100/111/122 genotype being most virulent. Foliar application of natural products prior to inoculation with isolates of diverse genotypes resulted in variable disease suppression. These results suggest that genotype diversity affect disease development; however, disease suppression was not genotype specific. JF - Phytopathology AU - Olanya, OM AU - Larkin, R P AU - Honeycutt, C W Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Potato KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - P-2004-0525-AMA KW - Biological control KW - Plant diseases KW - Bacillus subtilis KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - Disease control KW - Genotypes KW - Oil KW - Late blight KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18038582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+late+blight+suppression+by+natural+products+and+the+impact+of+genotype+diversity+on+disease+development+and+control&rft.au=Olanya%2C+OM%3BLarkin%2C+R+P%3BHoneycutt%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Olanya&rft.aufirst=OM&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Density of red alder (Alnus rubra) in headwaters influences invertebrate and detritus subsidies to downstream fish habitats in Alaska AN - 18038355; 5927607 AB - We investigated the influence of red alder (Alnus rubra) stand density in upland, riparian forests on invertebrate and detritus transport from fishless headwater streams to downstream, salmonid habitats in southeastern Alaska. Red alder commonly regenerates after soil disturbance (such as from natural landsliding or timber harvesting), and is common along streams in varying densities, but its effect on food delivery from headwater channels to downstream salmonid habitats is not clear. Fluvial transport of invertebrates and detritus was measured at 13 sites in spring, summer and fall during two years (2000-2001). The 13 streams encompassed a riparian red alder density gradient (1-82% canopy cover or 0-53% basal area) growing amongst young-growth conifer (45-yr-old stands that regenerated after forest clearcutting). Sites with more riparian red alder exported significantly more invertebrates than did sites with little alder (mean range across 1-82% alder gradient was about 1-4 invertebrates m super(-3) water, and 0.1-1 mg invertebrates m super(-3) water, respectively). Three-quarters of the invertebrates were of aquatic origin; the remainder was of terrestrial origin. Aquatic taxa were positively related to the alder density gradient, while terrestrially-derived taxa were not. Streams with more riparian alder also exported significantly more detritus than streams with less alder (mean range across 1-82% alder gradient was 0.01-0.06 g detritus m super(-3) water). Based on these data, we predict that headwater streams with more riparian alder will provide more invertebrates and support more downstream fish biomass than those basins with little or no riparian alder, provided these downstream food webs fully utilize this resource subsidy. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - Wipfli AU - Musslewhite, J AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801-8545, U.S.A. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 153 EP - 163 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 520 IS - 1-3 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Red alder KW - Salmonids KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Alaska KW - Rivers KW - Food KW - Detrital deposits KW - Population density KW - Forests KW - Freshwater KW - Biomass KW - Habitat KW - Streams KW - Nutrient cycles KW - Conifers KW - Soil KW - Density gradients KW - Alnus rubra KW - Invertebrata KW - Canopies KW - Disturbance KW - Salmonidae KW - Biotic factors KW - Detritus KW - Food webs KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18038355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Density+of+red+alder+%28Alnus+rubra%29+in+headwaters+influences+invertebrate+and+detritus+subsidies+to+downstream+fish+habitats+in+Alaska&rft.au=Wipfli%3BMusslewhite%2C+J&rft.aulast=Wipfli&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=520&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AHYDR.0000027734.95586.24 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Detrital deposits; Population density; Biotic factors; Habitat; Nutrient cycles; Soil; Conifers; Density gradients; Food; Forests; Disturbance; Canopies; Biomass; Detritus; Streams; Food webs; Invertebrata; Alnus rubra; Salmonidae; USA, Alaska; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000027734.95586.24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato by 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens AN - 18038311; 5993303 AB - Two-week-old Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 seedlings were transferred into an autoclaved sand-soil mixture colonized by DAPG-producing P. fluorescens strain Pf-5 (rep-PCR genotype A), Q2-87 (B), Q8r1-96 (D) or HT5-1 (N) and the plants were challenge-inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae three weeks later. DAPG producers were not detected on the leaves. All DAPG producers induced resistance against P. syringae equivalent to the well studied Dutch strain P. fluorescein 417r. phlD or phlBC mutants of Q2-87 (DAPG minus) were significantly reduced in ISR activity. A phlF regulatory mutant (over-producer) had ISR activity equivalent to Q2-87. Introduction of DAPG into soil at concentrations of 10 to 250 pM four days before challenge inoculation induced resistance equivalent to or better than the bacteria. These results suggest that DAPG is a major mechanism of ISR by DAPG producers. JF - Phytopathology AU - Weller, D M AU - van Pelt, JA AU - Mavrodi, D V AU - Pieterse, CMJ AU - Bakker, PAHM AU - van Loon, LC AD - USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol KW - phlBC gene KW - phlD gene KW - phlF gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0738-AMA KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - Biological control KW - Plant diseases KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - Disease resistance KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - Mutants KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18038311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Induced+systemic+resistance+%28ISR%29+in+Arabidopsis+against+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+tomato+by+2%2C4-diacetylphloroglucinol+%28DAPG%29-producing+Pseudomonas+fluorescens&rft.au=Weller%2C+D+M%3Bvan+Pelt%2C+JA%3BMavrodi%2C+D+V%3BPieterse%2C+CMJ%3BBakker%2C+PAHM%3Bvan+Loon%2C+LC&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Plant diseases; Disease resistance; phlD gene; Mutants; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Arabidopsis thaliana; Pseudomonas syringae ER - TY - CONF T1 - Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Maculicola cause disease on crucifers used in cover crop mixtures AN - 18038103; 5993474 AB - Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis is a new pathogen causing bacterial leaf blight on crucifers in California. P. s. pv. maculicola is also an important pathogen of crucifers. We extended host range studies of these pathogens to crucifers used in cover crop mixtures because of the increased use of cover crops and the potential of diseased crucifers in cover crops to serve as inoculum sources for subsequent cash crops. In preliminary experiments, P. s. pv. alisalensis and P. s. pv. maculicola were sprayed to run-off on three-week-old crucifer seedlings. Plants were incubated for 48 hr in a mist chamber followed by four days in the greenhouse. Plants were considered to be hosts when leaf blight symptoms were present and the pathogen was isolated from symptomatic tissue. Varieties of Raphanus sativus, Brassica napus, and B. juncea were susceptible to P. s. pv. alisalensis, while only the first two species were susceptible to P. s. pv. maculicola. These data have implications for choosing cultivars in cover crop mixtures. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bull, C T AU - Goldman, PH AU - Smith, R F AU - Koike, ST Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0009-PCA KW - Host range KW - Raphanus sativus KW - Cover crops KW - Leaf blight KW - Brassica juncea KW - Brassica napus KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18038103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+alisalensis+and+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+Maculicola+cause+disease+on+crucifers+used+in+cover+crop+mixtures&rft.au=Bull%2C+C+T%3BGoldman%2C+PH%3BSmith%2C+R+F%3BKoike%2C+ST&rft.aulast=Bull&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An eradication strategy for Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon coastal forests AN - 18037165; 5992863 AB - A multi-agency task force has been trying to eradicate Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon's coastal forests near Brookings (Curry Co.) since finding the pathogen there in 2001. In 2001 and 2002, a total of 21 sites (19.4 ha) containing infected tan oaks, rhododendrons and huckleberries were treated in an attempt to eradicate P. ramorum. Treatment consisted of cutting and burning all host plants on each site and within a 15-m buffer of non-symptomatic hosts. The sites were monitored for P. ramorum periodically post-treatment. Surveys within the sites showed that P. ramorum was surviving at a low level (1.1% of all samples) within 12 of the sites, mainly on sprouts from infected tan oak stumps. Surveys around these sites suggest P. ramorum may have moved from these sites into neighboring susceptible hosts. On other sites, the treatment appeared to eliminate P. ramorum. We will modify our treatment strategy to include the prevention of sprouting from all host stumps within the treated sites. JF - Phytopathology AU - Goheen, E AU - Hansen, E AU - Kanaskie, A AU - McWilliams, M AU - Osterbauer, N AU - Sutton, W AU - Rehms, L Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0232-AMA KW - Disease spread KW - Plant diseases KW - Disease control KW - Forests KW - Phytophthora ramorum KW - USA, Oregon KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18037165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=An+eradication+strategy+for+Phytophthora+ramorum+in+Oregon+coastal+forests&rft.au=Goheen%2C+E%3BHansen%2C+E%3BKanaskie%2C+A%3BMcWilliams%2C+M%3BOsterbauer%2C+N%3BSutton%2C+W%3BRehms%2C+L&rft.aulast=Goheen&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Periphyton Sampler Which Minimizes Site Disturbance AN - 18037124; 5934941 AB - We designed a periphyton sampler that employed a pulley system to suspend tile substrates from above the water surface and enabled remote retrieval of those substrates with minimal disturbance to the basin. This system permitted collection of consistent and reliable samples from wetlands in which even slight disturbance released interfering silt and clay to the water column. JF - Journal of Freshwater Ecology AU - Luckeydoo, L M AU - Fausey, N R AD - USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr. Columbus, OH 43210 USA, luckeydoo.1@osu.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 339 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0270-5060, 0270-5060 KW - Non-destructive sampling technique KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Phytobenthos KW - Benthos collecting devices KW - Silt KW - Freshwater KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Methodology KW - Clays KW - Resuspended sediments KW - Wetlands KW - Sampling KW - Periphyton KW - Biological sampling KW - Freshwater ecology KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - Q1 08382:Ecological techniques and apparatus KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18037124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.atitle=A+Periphyton+Sampler+Which+Minimizes+Site+Disturbance&rft.au=Luckeydoo%2C+L+M%3BFausey%2C+N+R&rft.aulast=Luckeydoo&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Freshwater+Ecology&rft.issn=02705060&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resuspended sediments; Phytobenthos; Benthos collecting devices; Silt; Wetlands; Periphyton; Biological sampling; Ecosystem disturbance; Freshwater ecology; Clays; Methodology; Sampling; Freshwater ER - TY - CONF T1 - Spread of Sharka disease (PPV-M strain) in peach orchards submitted to roguing in southern France AN - 18036822; 5992792 AB - Nineteen peach blocks infected by the aggressive Plum pox virus strain M were monitored visually during 7 to 10 years and symptomatic trees were removed every year. Annual disease incidence was low (2 to 6%) in all orchard blocks but new symptomatic trees were continuously detected, even after 7 to 10 years of uninterrupted roguing. An exploratory approach using survival modeling was developed to evaluate to what extent, tree location within orchards, orchard characteristics and disease status within the vicinity of the orchards influenced the risk for a tree to become infected through time. Twelve variables were selected from survey data and from databases created using a geographic information system. The extended Cox model fitted to our data showed a significant effect of four of the variables tested on the risk for a tree to become infected through time: The area of the orchard block, the density of planting, the distance of a tree from the edge of the orchard block sharing a boundary with another infected orchard as well as the distance to the nearest previously detected symptomatic tree within the block. These results suggest that new PPV-M infections within orchards submitted to roguing resulted from exogenous sources of inoculum, disease development of latent infected trees as well as infected trees overlooked within the orchards during visual surveys. A revision of the control measures to more effectively remove potential sources of inoculum will be discussed in the context of the French agro-ecosystem. JF - Phytopathology AU - Dallot, S AU - Gottwald, T AU - Labonne, G AU - Quiot, J-B Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0152-AMA KW - Risk assessment KW - Plant diseases KW - Mathematical models KW - Disease control KW - Plum pox virus KW - Data banks KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22185:Field infections UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18036822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Spread+of+Sharka+disease+%28PPV-M+strain%29+in+peach+orchards+submitted+to+roguing+in+southern+France&rft.au=Dallot%2C+S%3BGottwald%2C+T%3BLabonne%2C+G%3BQuiot%2C+J-B&rft.aulast=Dallot&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Field trials to evaluate alternatives to pre-plant soil fumigation in Idaho forest nurseries AN - 18036722; 5993652 AB - Field trials were conducted to evaluate pre-plant soil fumigation alternatives in two USDA Forest Service bare root forest nurseries in Idaho. In one nursery (CDA), bark compost and sewage sludge amendments, fallow with periodic cultivation and pine needle mulch were compared with dazomet fumigation in production of Douglas-fir seedlings. In the other nursery (LP), mushroom compost and sawdust amendments, and fallowing with cultivation were compared with methyl bromide/chloropicrin fumigation in production of ponderosa and lodgepole pine seedlings. Density and diameter of 2-0 seedlings were the best measure of seedling quality. At CDA, addition of bark or sewage sludge compost improved seedling density in one trial. At LP, bare fallow with cultivation and sawdust amendments resulted in seedlings of comparable quality to fumigation. Our results indicated that modification of cultural practices may reduce need for pre-plant soil fumigation in forest nurseries. Non-fumigation alternatives must be specifically designed for each nursery. JF - Phytopathology AU - James, R L AU - Stone, J K Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - chloropicrin KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - Lodgepole pine KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0024-PCA KW - Soil KW - Pseudotsuga taxifolia KW - USA, Idaho KW - Pinus contorta KW - Sewage sludge KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Forests KW - Seedlings KW - Methyl bromide KW - Planting density KW - Fumigation KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18036722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Field+trials+to+evaluate+alternatives+to+pre-plant+soil+fumigation+in+Idaho+forest+nurseries&rft.au=James%2C+R+L%3BStone%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CAY-1, A potential natural fungicide for control of small fruit diseases AN - 18036519; 5993649 AB - CAY-1 is a fungicidal steroidal saponin (MOL WT 1243) isolated from the ground fruit of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens). CAY-1 is lethal to germinating conidia of Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. parasiticus and A. niger. It is also active against agricultural and medicinally important fungi and yeast. In vitro dose-response assays with CAY-1 against plant pathogenic fungi showed that 3.0 microM inhibited growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum by 100 percent and C. fragariae, Phomopsis obscurans, and P. viticola by 90 percent. Detached leaf assays using strawberry leaves from anthracnose susceptible cv. Chandler demonstrated that CAY-1 decreased C. fragariae induced lesion number by 95 percent compared to the untreated control. Dose-response data indicated that CAY-1 appeared to be more active than azoxystrobin in disease control of C. fragariae induced anthracnose leaf spot. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wedge, D H AU - Curry, K J AU - Abril, M AU - Smith, B J AU - Delucca, A AD - USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Res, Unit, University, MS 38677 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0034-SOA KW - Fruits KW - Capsicum frutescens KW - Colletotrichum gloeosporioides KW - Leafspot KW - Dose-response effects KW - Phomopsis viticola KW - Fungicides KW - Colletotrichum acutatum KW - Saponins KW - Colletotrichum fragariae KW - Phomopsis obscurans KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18036519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=CAY-1%2C+A+potential+natural+fungicide+for+control+of+small+fruit+diseases&rft.au=Wedge%2C+D+H%3BCurry%2C+K+J%3BAbril%2C+M%3BSmith%2C+B+J%3BDelucca%2C+A&rft.aulast=Wedge&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fruits; Dose-response effects; Leafspot; Fungicides; Saponins; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Capsicum frutescens; Phomopsis viticola; Colletotrichum acutatum; Colletotrichum fragariae; Phomopsis obscurans ER - TY - CONF T1 - Improving biocontrol using antagonist mixtures with heat and/or sodium bicarbonate to control postharvest decay of apple fruit AN - 18034936; 5992776 AB - 'Golden Delicious' apples were wound inoculated with either Colletotrichum acutatum or Penicilium expansum and then treated in various combinations with heat (38 degree C) for four days, 2% sodium bicarbonate, and two biocontrol agents alone or combined. The fruit were stored for four months at 0 degree C and then at 20 degree C for two weeks. Antagonists alone reduced decay caused by P. expansum but were more effective when combined. Sodium bicarbonate increased the effectiveness of each antagonist alone or in combination. Heat alone, heat in combination with the antagonists, or a combination of the two antagonists plus sodium bicarbonate eliminated decay. Either heat or the antagonists reduced decay caused by C. acutatum, but a combination of the two was required to eliminate decay caused by this pathogen. Sodium bicarbonate alone had no effect on either pathogen. The research goal is to develop a strategy for control of apple decays that combines several alternate methods of control to replace the use of synthetic fungicides. JF - Phytopathology AU - Conway, W S AU - Leverentz, B AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Saftner, R A AU - Camp, MJ Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0133-AMA KW - Temperature effects KW - Biological control KW - Fruits KW - Plant diseases KW - Colletotrichum acutatum KW - Sodium bicarbonate KW - Antagonists KW - Penicillium expansum KW - Storage KW - Post-harvest decay KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18034936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Improving+biocontrol+using+antagonist+mixtures+with+heat+and%2For+sodium+bicarbonate+to+control+postharvest+decay+of+apple+fruit&rft.au=Conway%2C+W+S%3BLeverentz%2C+B%3BJanisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BSaftner%2C+R+A%3BCamp%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Post-harvest aflatoxin accumulation in transgenic peanut lines containing anti-fungal genes AN - 18033962; 5992764 AB - The fungus Aspergillus flavus is one of several Aspergillus species which produces aflatoxins upon colonization of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Anatoxins are carcinogenic to humans and other animals and the accumulation of these toxins on peanut kernels can influence product marketing. Pre and post-harvest aflatoxin accumulation of peanut are influenced by many factors making the management of aflatoxin contamination in peanut very complex. The problem of aflatoxin management could be solved if peanut cultivars were resistant to A. flavus colonization. In this study, seven peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines containing anti-fungal transgenes and three runner cultivars (Okrun, Georgia Green, and Tifton 8) were evaluated in field plots in Tifton, Georgia for their levels of post-harvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) upon colonization by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Georgia Green demonstrated the highest level of resistance to PAC followed by genotypes Tifton 8, K24 and K34. Transgenic genotypes K24 and K34 also accumulated significantly less toxin than their parent genotype Okrun. These data confirm that at least two of the transgenic genotypes tested may have useful resistance to A. flavus. JF - Phytopathology AU - Chenault, K D AU - Melouk, HA AU - Holbrook, C C Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - P-2004-0118-AMA KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Antifungal agents KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Drug resistance KW - Aflatoxins KW - Genotypes KW - Transgenic plants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18033962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Post-harvest+aflatoxin+accumulation+in+transgenic+peanut+lines+containing+anti-fungal+genes&rft.au=Chenault%2C+K+D%3BMelouk%2C+HA%3BHolbrook%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Chenault&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous association of two Xylella fastidiosa genotypes with almond leaf scorch disease in California AN - 18033327; 5992756 AB - Almond leaf scorch disease (ALSD) has recently reemerged in San Joaquin Valley of California threatening almond production. ALSD is caused by Xylella fastidiosa, a nutritionally fastidious bacterium. To analyze the bacterial population, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 16S rRNA gene from X. fastidiosa genome sequence database and used the information to design primers for multiplex PCR assays. These multiplex PCR assays simultaneously detected two genotypes, one represented by strain Temecula (causing grapevine Pierce's disease) and the other by strain Dixon (causing ALSD), from early passage of X. fastidiosa cultures from infected almonds. The two genotypes were correlated with colony morphology variations. This is the first report of mixed strain infection of almond by different X. fastidiosa genotypes under natural environmental conditions. JF - Phytopathology AU - Chen, J AU - Groves, R AU - Civerolo, EL AU - Viveros, M AU - Freeman, M AU - Zheng, Y AD - USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA, University of California Cooperative Extension Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0110-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - Genotyping KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - USA, California KW - Leaf scorch KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18033327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+association+of+two+Xylella+fastidiosa+genotypes+with+almond+leaf+scorch+disease+in+California&rft.au=Chen%2C+J%3BGroves%2C+R%3BCiverolo%2C+EL%3BViveros%2C+M%3BFreeman%2C+M%3BZheng%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant diseases; Genotyping; Polymerase chain reaction; Leaf scorch; rRNA 16S; Xylella fastidiosa; USA, California ER - TY - CONF T1 - Status of Puccinia jaceae in 2004 for biological control of yellow starthistle in California AN - 18033171; 5992725 AB - Yellow starthistle (YST, Centaurea solstitialis), an invasive weed infesting 5.8 million hectares in California, is a target of classical biological control. Development of Puccinia jaceae, an host specific rust fungus, has been pursued to complement insect agents already in place. Following an extensive risk analysis (65 species of plants, 10 families), release of a Turkish isolate of P. jaceae into California was approved on April 4, 2003 (PPQ 526 Permit No. 47497), and the first field inoculation of YST was made in North America outside of containment on July 9, 2003 in Napa County, California. Infection in the field was confirmed on July 30, 2003, and included both uredinia and telia. After the release in 2003, environmental conditions for spread in the field were unfavorable, but inoculum was increased in a CDFA greenhouse in Sacramento. CA. Plans are in place to monitor infection and spread of the fungus as well as to make additional releases in CA, pending extension and expansion of the permit. Events pertinent to biological control of YST in 2004 will be presented. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bruckart, W L AU - Luster, D G AU - Woods, D Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - P-2004-0074-AMA KW - Biological control KW - Host specificity KW - Weeds KW - Disease spread KW - Plant diseases KW - USA, California KW - Puccinia jaceae KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18033171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Status+of+Puccinia+jaceae+in+2004+for+biological+control+of+yellow+starthistle+in+California&rft.au=Bruckart%2C+W+L%3BLuster%2C+D+G%3BWoods%2C+D&rft.aulast=Bruckart&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of soybean and rapeseed seed meal on microbial populations and growth of apple in replant orchard soils AN - 18033156; 5993062 AB - Soybean meal (SBM) and rapeseed meal (RSM) amendments elicited differential effects on elements of orchard soil microbial communities. While application of either amendment resulted in increased total bacterial populations, SBM enhanced while RSM diminished fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Populations. Streptomyces spp. Populations were significantly higher in RSM treated than in either SBM treated or non-treated soils. Both amendments suppressed lesion nematode root populations, and RSM but not SBM significantly depressed infection of apple roots by Rhizoctonia solani. In field trials, RSM amendment in conjunction with metalaxyl soil drench significantly increased growth and yield of Gala/M26 apple. The level of disease control and growth of all rootstocks achieved in response to RSM/metalaxyl treatment was superior to that obtained by pre-plant Telone C35 fumigation. However, relative increase in tree caliper varied among rootstocks, ranging from 263% (M7) to 561% (G16). Rootstocks supporting higher Streptomyces spp. Rhizosphere populations trended toward the higher range of growth promotion in response to RSM amendment. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AU - Cohen, M F AU - Fazio, G AD - USDA-ARS Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Metalaxyl KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0458-AMA KW - Soil KW - Community composition KW - Meals KW - Rhizosphere KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Streptomyces KW - Disease control KW - Pseudomonas KW - Soil amendment KW - K 03095:Soil KW - J 02901:Soil and plants KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18033156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+soybean+and+rapeseed+seed+meal+on+microbial+populations+and+growth+of+apple+in+replant+orchard+soils&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M%3BCohen%2C+M+F%3BFazio%2C+G&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Meals; Community composition; Metalaxyl; Rhizosphere; Disease control; Soil amendment; Streptomyces; Rhizoctonia solani; Pseudomonas ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infective dose of enteric pathogens: Influence of post harvest processing and storage practices AN - 18033127; 5993397 AB - The complex nature of today's food distribution chain creates opportunities for contamination of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. Contamination of some fresh produce (sprouts, apple cider) is potentially more serious than contamination of animal products because these foods may be more likely to be consumed without further processing treatments that would kill pathogenic microbes. The number of bacteria consumed in contaminated food can vary considerably, as does the infective dose (ID) of enteric pathogens. The ID of Shigella and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains (highly acid-resistant), and ID of Salmonella and Vibrio strains (mildly acid-resistant) roughly correlates with their ability to survive stomach acidity. Dose response is an outcome of interdependent effects among organisms, host, and food vehicle. Although there have been numerous studies of the mechanisms of attachment of bacteria to human and animal cells, virtually nothing is known about the attachment of bacteria to foods and food contact surfaces. Even much less is known about how these processes contribute towards bacterial virulence and their ID. We found that attachment of Salmonella strains to fresh-cut produce surface played a critical role in increasing their acid tolerance. Other specific examples of post-harvest factors that influence ID (acid-tolerance) and survival of diarrheagenic E. coli and Shigella strains are: (a) controlled atmosphere packaging and storage conditions, (b) availability of glutamate and arginine from the fresh-cut produce, and (c) pH of the anti-browning wash treatment solutions. Genetic analysis of 82 foodborne outbreak-associated pathogenic E. coli strains (isolated from 34 countries and 23 states within the U.S.A.) revealed 36% strains carried mutation(s) in the alternative transcription factor gene, rpoS. Thus, given the plasticity of microbial evolution, it is important to determine if certain food processing practices are exerting selective pressures for the emergence of more competent pathogenic strains. JF - Phytopathology AU - Bhagwat, A AD - USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Acid tolerance KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0061-SSA KW - Food processing KW - Attachment KW - Genetic analysis KW - Shigella KW - rpoS gene KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Vibrio KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Transcription factors KW - Storage conditions KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella KW - Mutation KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18033127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Infective+dose+of+enteric+pathogens%3A+Influence+of+post+harvest+processing+and+storage+practices&rft.au=Bhagwat%2C+A&rft.aulast=Bhagwat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food processing; Attachment; Post-harvest decay; Storage conditions; Transcription factors; Genetic analysis; rpoS gene; Mutation; Food-borne diseases; Vibrio; Escherichia coli; Shigella; Salmonella ER - TY - CONF T1 - The role of kernel water relations in resistance to aflatoxin production in corn AN - 18033096; 5992724 AB - Corn genotypes resistant to aflatoxin production have been identified, and several investigations are now focused on the identification of resistance traits in these genotypes. Enhanced knowledge pertaining to the mode of operation of resistance mechanisms would lay a solid foundation for successful deployment of resistance genes into desired germplasm. Preliminary studies have indicated a potential link between resistance and kernel ability to both imbibe water and germinate in a relatively shorter time. In previous studies, aflatoxin-susceptible genotypes accumulated significantly and drastically less aflatoxin when allowed to imbibe water prior to inoculation with Aspergillus flavus. This was demonstrated even when imbibition was facilitated at 0 degree C. To determine an association between kernel water relations and resistance, further investigations of kernel imbibing and germinating ability were conducted. Kernel hormone levels under constitutive, imbibed and infected conditions were also determined. Previous studies have demonstrated the induction of specific antifungal proteins during imbibition. A recent comparative proteome analysis of kernels revealed 5-fold higher constitutive levels of stress-related proteins in resistant over susceptible genotypes. Therefore, proteomics was also performed to assess the effect of imbibition/infection on constitutive levels of kernel antifungal and stress-related proteins. Results of these investigations will be discussed. JF - Phytopathology AU - Brown, R L AU - Chen, Z-Y AU - Cleveland, TE Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0072-AMA KW - Antifungal agents KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Aflatoxins KW - Genotypes KW - Water KW - Resistance KW - Kernels KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18033096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=The+role+of+kernel+water+relations+in+resistance+to+aflatoxin+production+in+corn&rft.au=Brown%2C+R+L%3BChen%2C+Z-Y%3BCleveland%2C+TE&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Phylogenetic analysis based on multiple sets of concatenated proteins suggests earlier ancestors for phytoplasmas AN - 18033004; 5993341 AB - Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less, nonculturable bacteria that cause diseases in several hundred plant species. Phytoplasmas are classified as Mollicutes and have been thought to be evolved retrogressively from ancestral low G + C Gram-positive bacteria of the Bacillus/Clostridium group. Since phytoplasmas parasitize both plant hosts and insect vectors, knowledge of phytoplasma evolution is important to understand their parasitic life style and pathogenicity. In this study, the evolutionary relationship between phytoplasmas and other micro-organisms were investigated using a comparative genomics approach. More than 50 evolutionary conserved proteins that are ubiquitous to all bacteria were selected to build a consensus tree. These proteins were concatenated into five superproteins and phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on the five superproteins using both Maximum likelihood and parsimony methods. A total of 40 bacterial species were used for the analysis. The topologies of the five trees are congruent in that phytoplasmas are clustered together with other Mollicutes, forming a monophyletic group. In all five trees, Bacillaceae, along with Lactobacillales, is paraphyletic to Mollicutes, rather than being ancestral. It appears that an unknown common ancestor gave rise to two sister clades, Bacillus/Mollicutes and Clostridia. This suggests that phytoplasmas may have evolved earlier than previously thought. Our results also revealed possible events of horizontal gene transfer in early stages of mollicute evolution. JF - Phytopathology AU - Zhao, Y AU - Davis, R E AU - Lee, I-M Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0788-AMA KW - Phylogeny KW - Genomes KW - Gene transfer KW - Proteins KW - Phytoplasma KW - Evolution KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18033004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+analysis+based+on+multiple+sets+of+concatenated+proteins+suggests+earlier+ancestors+for+phytoplasmas&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Y%3BDavis%2C+R+E%3BLee%2C+I-M&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Cultural control of Armillaria root disease of grape AN - 18032619; 5992700 AB - Root collar excavation for control of Armillaria root disease of grape was investigated in two California vineyards (vineyard K1, vineyard N1) from 2002 to 2004. When timed in early stages of root collar infection, root collar excavation may cause mycelial fans of Armillaria mellea to recede from the root collar before xylem is decayed. In 2002, soil was removed to expose root collars of 50 healthy and 50 symptomatic vines/vineyard. Nonexcavated vines (50 healthy, 50 symptomatic) were randomly chosen, for a total of four treatments. In 2002 and 2003, yields of 30 vines/treatment/vineyard were measured. In 2004. pruning weights were measured from the same vines. Symptomatic vines had significantly fewer clusters (P < 0.0001), lower yields (P < 0.0001). lower cluster weights (P < 0.0001). fewer shoots (P < 0.0001), lower pruning weights (P < 0.0001), and smaller shoots (P < 0.0001) than healthy vines in both vineyards. In vineyard N1, excavation had a significant positive effect on yield (P = 0.0231) and cluster weight (P = 0.0042) of symptomatic vines, compared to symptomatic, nonexcavated vines. Symptomatic, excavated vines in vineyard Nl had the same high cluster weights as healthy vines and there were no significant effects of excavation on yields or pruning weights of healthy vines. In vineyard K1, excavation had no effect on yields or pruning weights of symptomatic vines and had significant negative effects on pruning weight (P = 0.0008) and shoot weight (P = 0.0373) of healthy vines, compared to healthy, nonexcavated vines. Differences between the vineyards are likely due to frequent re-filling of excavated root collars in vineyard K1, where root collar excavation was ineffective. JF - Phytopathology AU - Baumgartner, K Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0041-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Disease control KW - Armillaria mellea KW - Roots KW - Mycelia KW - Soil KW - USA, California KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18032619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Cultural+control+of+Armillaria+root+disease+of+grape&rft.au=Baumgartner%2C+K&rft.aulast=Baumgartner&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Crop rotation and amendment effects on soil microbial communities and soilborne diseases AN - 18031405; 5993629 AB - Soil microbial ecology is greatly influenced by the type and quantity of plant material present. Different crop plants, as rotation, cover, or green manure crops, may be used to shape or alter microbial communities to increase primary crop production and reduce soilborne diseases. Crop rotations can reduce soilborne diseases by interrupting the host-pathogen cycle, stimulating microbial activity, diversity, and beneficial soil microorganisms, and by direct inhibition of plant pathogens. The role of crop rotations in the manipulation of soil microbial communities for the development of sustainable disease suppression will be discussed using examples from recent research on potato cropping systems. Different rotation crops result in distinctly different microbial community characteristics, based on population dynamics, substrate utilization, and fatty acid profiles, and may be related to effects on soilborne diseases. More research on the relationships and interactions of cropping practices on soil microorganisms and their effects on crop health is needed for the development of efficient, sustainable production systems. JF - Phytopathology AU - Larkin, R P AD - USDA-ARS, Orono, ME Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Potato KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0043-SSA KW - Crop rotation KW - Crop production KW - Soil-borne diseases KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Fatty acid composition KW - Population dynamics KW - Crops KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01047:General KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18031405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Crop+rotation+and+amendment+effects+on+soil+microbial+communities+and+soilborne+diseases&rft.au=Larkin%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crop production; Crop rotation; Soil-borne diseases; Host-pathogen interactions; Fatty acid composition; Population dynamics; Crops; Soil microorganisms; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - CONF T1 - Field evaluation of nonchemical alternatives for control of Mesocriconema xenoplax on peach AN - 18031313; 5993613 AB - The effects of 6 preplant rotation systems in conjunction with Guardian peach rootstock as alternatives to chemical control of Mesocriconema xenoplax (Mx) were investigated from 1996-2003. Rotation establishment was initiated in 1996 in a site known to be infested with Mx and having a history of peach tree short life (PTSL). Preplant crop rotation systems included (i) 1-year wheat-sorghum, (ii) 3-continuous years wheat-sorghum, (iii) 3-continuous years fallow-sorghum, (iv) 1-year canola-sorghum, (v) 3-continuous years canola-sorghum, and (vi) 3-continuous years peach. In 1999, all trees were removed from the continuous peach plots and half of these plots were then fumigated with methyl bromide. In 2000, all plots were planted to either Nemaguard or Guardian rootstock. Three-year rotations suppressed Mx populations for up to 21 months following orchard establishment. Three-year rotations were comparable to preplant methyl bromide fumigation in prolonging tree survival. Integrating selected rotations with Guardian rootstock provides an alternative to chemical control of Mx and PTSL. JF - Phytopathology AU - Nyczepir Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Peach KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0521-AMA KW - Crop rotation KW - Mesocriconema xenoplax KW - Rootstocks KW - Disease control KW - Methyl bromide KW - Prunus persica KW - Field trials KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18031313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+nonchemical+alternatives+for+control+of+Mesocriconema+xenoplax+on+peach&rft.au=Nyczepir&rft.aulast=Nyczepir&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Effects of sorghum cultivars with different levels of sorgoleone production, and wheat rotation, on soil microorganism communities AN - 18031199; 5993602 AB - Sorghum produces sorgoleone, a toxic compound exuded from the roots with allelopathic properties. Cultivar 'Redlan' (a high sorgoleone producer) and cultivar 'RTx433' (a low sorgoleone producer) are being used in in vitro rotations with the wheat cultivar 'Lewjain' to assess possible affects on soil microorganism populations. Using soil collected from a nearby fallow sorghum field, the wheat and 2 sorghum cultivars were planted in the greenhouse for 4 cycles of 4 weeks each then rotated. During the first cycle, fungal and bacterial populations increased, with the greatest increases occurring in soils planted with wheat or with sorghum cultivar RTx433. Wet weight of aerial plant parts declined through the 4 cycles but those of sorghum cultivar RTx433 increased following rotation from wheat. Numbers of fluorescent pseudomonads increased following planting with wheat and sorghum over those found in fallow soil but were variable in following cycles. However, numbers of fluorescent pseudomonads were consistently highest in soil planted with sorghum cultivar RTx433. Characteristics of fluorescent Pseudomonas species will be assessed for potential antimicrobial activity. JF - Phytopathology AU - Funnell, D L AU - Pedersen, J F Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - sorgoleone KW - Wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0214-AMA KW - Crop rotation KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Cultivars KW - Pseudomonas KW - Fallow land KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Sorghum vulgare KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18031199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+sorghum+cultivars+with+different+levels+of+sorgoleone+production%2C+and+wheat+rotation%2C+on+soil+microorganism+communities&rft.au=Funnell%2C+D+L%3BPedersen%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Funnell&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Almond leaf scorch disease in the San Joaquin Valley of California: Factors affecting pathogen distribution AN - 18030680; 5992870 AB - Almond leaf scorch disease (ALSD), caused by the xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), has long been present in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV). Recently, the incidence of ALSD has reemerged as a significant disease threat in many almond producing regions of the SJV. ALSD incidence was monitored within affected orchards of Fresno and Kern Counties, in California to determine patterns of disease distribution, symptom expression among affected varieties, and to determine the genotypes of Xf strains associated with ALSD. Disease incidence ranged from <1.0% to 10.2% in four surveyed orchards. With increasing disease incidence, significant aggregations of diseased trees occurred within rows in three of four orchards surveyed using ordinary runs analysis. Almond varieties including Sonora, Price, and Carmel displayed more severe leaf scorching symptoms than Nonpareil, Peerless, Norman, and Fritz. Two genomic populations of Xf were simultaneously detected in affected trees within orchards of Kern County representing both grape and almond strains. Taken together, results from these studies improve our understanding of the factors responsible for movement and distribution of the pathogen and will provide a more complete characterization of ALSD epidemiology. JF - Phytopathology AU - Groves, R AU - Chen, J AU - Civerolo, E AU - Viveros, M AU - Freeman, M Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Almond KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0240-AMA KW - Genomes KW - Host specificity KW - Geographical distribution KW - Plant diseases KW - Prunus amygdalus KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - USA, California KW - Leaf scorch KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18030680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Almond+leaf+scorch+disease+in+the+San+Joaquin+Valley+of+California%3A+Factors+affecting+pathogen+distribution&rft.au=Groves%2C+R%3BChen%2C+J%3BCiverolo%2C+E%3BViveros%2C+M%3BFreeman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Incidence and severity of Botryosphaeria stem canker and dieback of pondberry (Lindera melissifolia) in Mississippi AN - 18030648; 5993313 AB - Pondberry is an endangered woody plant found in sporadic, often isolated locations within seasonally Hooded wetlands of the southern United States. Stem canker and dieback are important symptoms of a newly recognized pondberry disease which has contributed significantly to stem mortality, reduced vigor, and erratic seed production. This disease was endemic to plants at all locations examined in Mississippi. Disease incidence and severity varied with location. Stem cankers were often highly elongated, producing necrotic tissue and abundant callus at canker margins. Tip dieback, associated with stem girdling by cankers and/or production of a mycotoxin, caused necrosis of apical meristematic tissue, precluding flowering, fruit set, and seed production in early infections; and promoted fruit rot in late infections. Pycnidia formed in black stromata within subepidermal canker tissues. The fungal pathogen responsible for this new pondberry disease was tentatively identified as Botryosphaeria ribis with Fusicoccum anamorph. JF - Phytopathology AU - Wilson, AD AU - Schiff, N M AU - Devall AU - Connor, K F AU - Hamel, P B AU - Gardiner, E S AU - Leininger, T D Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Pondberry KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0752-AMA KW - Etiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Dieback KW - Botryosphaeria ribis KW - Pycnidia KW - Mycotoxins KW - Necrosis KW - Lindera melissifolia KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Stem canker KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18030648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Incidence+and+severity+of+Botryosphaeria+stem+canker+and+dieback+of+pondberry+%28Lindera+melissifolia%29+in+Mississippi&rft.au=Wilson%2C+AD%3BSchiff%2C+N+M%3BDevall%3BConnor%2C+K+F%3BHamel%2C+P+B%3BGardiner%2C+E+S%3BLeininger%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlling fire blight in young apple trees with prohexadione-calcium AN - 18030628; 5993118 AB - Prohexadione-calcium (Apogee) (Phd-Ca) is a plant growth regulator that suppresses shoot growth in apple. In mature orchards Phd-Ca is effective in managing fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora. However, in young apple orchards there is a need to both control fire blight and allow sufficient tree growth for tree establishment, and the utility of Phd-Ca in young orchards was unclear. When Phd-Ca was applied to orchard-grown apple trees ranging in age from newly planted to fifth season of growth (4-year-old orchards) it was found that two applications of 125 mg liter super(-1) Phd-Ca provided a better balance between fire blight control and growth in young orchards than three or more applications of 63 or 30 mg liter super(-1). Although the high rate of Phd-Ca suppressed early season shoot growth more than the lower rates, trees that received the high rate of Phd-Ca tended to grow more in the latter part of the season resulting in little or no difference in total seasonal growth between trees that received two high or three low rate applications of Phd-Ca. Fire blight control with Phd-Ca required shoot growth suppression early in the growing season and 125 mg liter super(-1) Phd-Ca often provided significantly better fire blight control than treatment at lower rates. Poor fire blight control occurred when the rate of Phd-Ca was lowered sufficiently to allow greater early season growth. The results indicate that one to two Phd-Ca applications at 125 mg liter super(-1) can be used to manage fire blight in the fourth to sixth season of growth when there is a high risk of shoot blight. JF - Phytopathology AU - Norelli, J L AU - Miller, S L AD - USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Prohexadione-calcium KW - apple KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0518-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Disease control KW - Malus domestica KW - Fireblight KW - Erwinia amylovora KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18030628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Controlling+fire+blight+in+young+apple+trees+with+prohexadione-calcium&rft.au=Norelli%2C+J+L%3BMiller%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Norelli&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant diseases; Disease control; Fireblight; Malus domestica; Erwinia amylovora ER - TY - CONF T1 - Development of wild Helianthus annuus populations with multiple disease resistance AN - 18030216; 5993594 AB - Two populations of wild annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus) with multiple disease resistance were developed by recurrent phenotypic selection. Individual plants were selected for resistance to Alternaria leaf blight, caused by Alternaria helianthi and to Septoria leaf blight, caused by Septoria helianthi. Multiple sunflower accessions were pooled to form the parental sets for each population because superior resistance was infrequently found within any individual accession. Resistance was characterized by pinpoint flecks on leaves, or by small leaf spots showing little of the typical chlorosis and necrosis observed with a susceptible reaction. Plants were concurrently selected for resistance to natural infection by powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum. The A. helianthi resistance found in these populations is similar to that previously reported only from perennial species such as H. tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke). These populations provide the opportunity to transfer resistance to cultivated H. annuus without the need for difficult interspecific hybridization. JF - Phytopathology AU - Block, C C Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0050-AMA KW - Erysiphe cichoracearum KW - Septoria helianthi KW - Leaves KW - Helianthus annuus KW - Leaf blight KW - Disease resistance KW - Alternaria helianthi KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18030216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Development+of+wild+Helianthus+annuus+populations+with+multiple+disease+resistance&rft.au=Block%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Natural occurrence of Xylella fastidiosa in a commercial nursery in Maryland AN - 18030151; 5992910 AB - Xylella fastidiosa causes many economically important plant diseases and occurs in many important landscape trees and shrubs including oak, maple, elm, sycamore and oleander. The natural occurrence of the bacterium in commercial nurseries is currently unknown. Knowledge of the presence of the disease in native vegetation and nursery stock plants is needed to facilitate control measures to ensure the production of disease-free plant materials. A survey was conducted in a wholesale and production nursery in Maryland for the occurrence of X. fastidiosa on nursery plants and surrounding vegetation using enzyme-liked immunosorbent and polymerase chain reaction assays. Our results indicate possible association of X. fastidiosa with the nursery plants Japanese stewartia and crape myrtle, as well as the surrounding plants mimosa and sassafras, previously unknown hosts of the bacterium. The significance and implication of our findings will be discussed. JF - Phytopathology AU - Huang, Q Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0285-AMA KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Plant diseases KW - Host range KW - Disease control KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - USA, Maryland KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18030151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Natural+occurrence+of+Xylella+fastidiosa+in+a+commercial+nursery+in+Maryland&rft.au=Huang%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - New weed hosts of potato viruses and their impact on potato virus epidemiology AN - 18030136; 5993500 AB - The common, aphid-transmitted potato viruses have few weedy hosts. Three nightshade species, Hairy Nightshade (Solatium sarachoides). Black Nightshade (Solatium nigrum) and Cut Leaf Nightshade (Solarium trifolium) are predominant weeds of potato that are difficult to control in the crop with herbicides. Until now, their susceptibility to potato viruses was largely unknown. Our studies show that all three species host potato viruses M and X, both the standard and tuber necrosis variants of the O and N strains of potato virus Y, and potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Hairy and Black, but not Cut Leaf Nightshade also host potato virus A and are the first known weedy hosts of this virus in the US. Furthermore, we found that Hairy Nightshade and, to a lesser extent, Black Nightshade are much better hosts than potato of the Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae). a major vector of all of these viruses. In addition, infected Hairy Nightshade plants accumulate much higher concentrations of PLRV and are much better sources of PLRV for transmission than is potato. These weeds serve as oversummering hosts, and they markedly impact potato virus dissemination in potatoes. JF - Phytopathology AU - Thomas, P E AU - Richards, K Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0042-PCA KW - Weeds KW - Vegetables KW - Vector-borne diseases KW - Potato leafroll virus KW - Solanum nigrum KW - Solanum sarachoides KW - Plant diseases KW - Potato virus Y KW - Vectors KW - Epidemiology KW - Disease reservoirs KW - Myzus persicae KW - Solanum trifolium KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18030136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=New+weed+hosts+of+potato+viruses+and+their+impact+on+potato+virus+epidemiology&rft.au=Thomas%2C+P+E%3BRichards%2C+K&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Effect of biopesticides, microbial inoculants, and biorational products on Phytophthora nicotianae infection of periwinkle AN - 18029785; 5993325 AB - Phytophthora nicotianae is a serious pathogen of many crops and is highly problematic for ornamental plant production. Restrictions on the use of chemical soil fumigants and the increased prevalence of resistance to metalaxyl necessitate the use of other control measures for this pathogen. Experiments were performed in the greenhouse to determine the effect of various biopesticides, microbial inoculants, and biorational products combined with different fertilizer levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 percent Hoagland solution) on the severity of P. nicotianae infection on periwinkle (Catharanthus roseits). Treatment and fertilizer level had significant effects on disease severity but there was no interaction effect between these two factors. Only the application of phosphonate-containing products resulted in significant disease reduction. Disease was less severe in plants that received 0 and 0.5% fertilizer. It is possible to manage greenhouse infections of P. nicotianae through the application of phosphonates and reduced fertilizer levels. JF - Phytopathology AU - Yandoc, C B AU - Albano, J AU - Rosskopf, EN Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0767-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Catharanthus roseus KW - Disease control KW - Phosphorous acid KW - Fertilizers KW - Biocides KW - Phytophthora nicotianae KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18029785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+biopesticides%2C+microbial+inoculants%2C+and+biorational+products+on+Phytophthora+nicotianae+infection+of+periwinkle&rft.au=Yandoc%2C+C+B%3BAlbano%2C+J%3BRosskopf%2C+EN&rft.aulast=Yandoc&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Stilbene Optical Brightener can Enhance Bacterial Pathogenicity to Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 18029153; 5955967 AB - Stilbene optical brighteners were first investigated to protect biological control agents such as viruses, fungi, and nematodes against ultraviolet light. Some are known to enhance the activity of insect viruses in Lepidoptera. In this work, one stilbene brightener, Tinopal LPW, also increased mortality of gypsy moth and Colorado potato beetle larvae when treated with bacterialoptical brightener combinations. This increase in mortality, however, did not occur for every bacteria/insect combination. In gypsy moth, a significant increase in larval mortality was observed only with Bacillus thuringiensis combined with Tinopal LPW. In Colorado potato beetle, however, the addition of Tinopal LPW increased larval mortality with all bacteria tested (B. thuringiensis, Serratia marcescens, Photorhabdus luminescens, and Chromobacterium sp.). The brightener also decreased the time to kill for these pathogens. This decrease in LT sub(50) was observed not only for bacteria + Tinopal LPW combinations, but also for combinations of Chromobacterium sp. toxin + Tinopal LPW. The mechanism for increase in bacterial toxicity by optical brighteners is compatible with mechanisms proposed for enhancement based on viral/lepidopteran/optical brightener systems that are not dependent on replication. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Martin, PAW AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg. 306 Rm. 309 BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, pmartin@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 375 EP - 383 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - optical brighteners KW - stilbenes KW - Tinopal LPW KW - Leaf beetles KW - Gypsy Moth KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Mortality KW - Replication KW - Bacillus thuringiensis KW - Chromobacterium KW - Toxicity KW - Pathogenicity KW - Photorhabdus luminescens KW - Serratia marcescens KW - Toxicity testing KW - Lymantria dispar KW - Chrysomelidae KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18029153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=A+Stilbene+Optical+Brightener+can+Enhance+Bacterial+Pathogenicity+to+Gypsy+Moth+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Lymantriidae%29+and+Colorado+Potato+Beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Martin%2C+PAW&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=PAW&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09583150410001683484 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photorhabdus luminescens; Chrysomelidae; Lymantria dispar; Chromobacterium; Serratia marcescens; Bacillus thuringiensis; Pathogenicity; Toxicity testing; Mortality; Toxicity; Replication DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583150410001683484 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Association of Pantoea agglomerans with seed rot of South Carolina cotton AN - 18027870; 5993072 AB - In recent years, seed rot of cotton has occurred extensively in southeastern states causing considerable yield losses particularly in South Carolina. The causative agent(s) of the disease syndrome has not been identified. Symptoms of infected fruits include stunted fiber development and macerated locules. Microorganisms were isolated on TSA plates from seeds that were excised from diseased bolls. Presumptive P. agglomerans isolates were recovered from 10 of 20 bolls tested based on colony morphology, Gram staining, and carbon utilization testing. Two randomly selected isolates were marked with resistance to rifampicin (Rif) by incremental exposure to the antibiotic up to 200 micrograms / ml. Pathogenicity testing was conducted by injecting the Rif resistant isolates into healthy cotton bolls. Rifampicin resistant mutants were recovered from diseased fruits harvested two weeks post inoculation whereas, mock inoculated controls demonstrated no disease symptoms. Thus, P. agglomerans was determined to be capable of producing symptoms analogous to those of the seed rot of cotton observed in South Carolina. JF - Phytopathology AU - Medrano, E G AU - Jones, MA AU - Bell, A Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0470-AMA KW - Etiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Pantoea agglomerans KW - Seed rot KW - Phenotypes KW - Rifampin KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18027870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Association+of+Pantoea+agglomerans+with+seed+rot+of+South+Carolina+cotton&rft.au=Medrano%2C+E+G%3BJones%2C+MA%3BBell%2C+A&rft.aulast=Medrano&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Development of a grid RT-PCR method for detection of Peanut mottle (PeMV) and Peanut stripe viruses (PStV) in peanut germ plasm AN - 18027837; 5992859 AB - A high-throughput method, using three dimensional pooling in a 96-well format, has been developed for detection of PeMV and PStV from peanut seed lots. Samples from seeds and leaves were pooled by rows and columns and extracted by Qiagen miniprep method for total RNA. The plate-pooled sample was a proportional sample from all rows and columns. Plate-pooled samples testing negative by RT-PCR were assumed free of virus requiring no further testing. The pooled-row and -column samples were tested when the plate-pooled sample was positive so that virus-infected samples could be located in the grid at the intersect of the row and the column. The results from RT-PCR are consistent with the results from individual seed samples tested by DAS-ELISA. Similar results were obtained with leaf tissue. The results obtained by RT-PCR and DAS-ELISA reflect the symptoms observed in the seedlings arising from the tested seeds. The method is sensitive enough to detect and select one infected seed among the 96 plate-pooled samples. The method will be useful for testing newly introduced seed lots. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gillaspie, A G AU - Wang, M L AU - Pinnow, D L AU - Pittman, R N Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0228-AMA KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Seeds KW - Peanut mottle virus KW - Peanut stripe virus KW - Leaves KW - Reverse transcription KW - RNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18027837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+grid+RT-PCR+method+for+detection+of+Peanut+mottle+%28PeMV%29+and+Peanut+stripe+viruses+%28PStV%29+in+peanut+germ+plasm&rft.au=Gillaspie%2C+A+G%3BWang%2C+M+L%3BPinnow%2C+D+L%3BPittman%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Gillaspie&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Green fluorescent protein-labeled strains of Xylella fastidiosa colonize citrus, grapevines and periwinkle AN - 18027673; 5993016 AB - Grapevines, sweet orange and periwinkle are three natural symptomatic host plants of Xylella fastidiosa. Our previous studies showed that X. fastidiosa strains from citrus could also induced disease symptoms in grapevines and periwinkle. In our post-genomic research program, defined gfp-marked strains were constructed from a citrus strain of X. fastidiosa for studies in grapevines, citrus and periwinkle. We inoculated these three host plants mechanically with the gfp-labeled mutants in a greenhouse. These plants began to develop disease symptoms three months post-inoculation. The gfp-marked transposon inserted into the genomic DNA of the bacterium remained stable and the gfp gene expressed in the three different host plants. Histological studies of the gfp-marked strains in the three plants were conducted using a laser scanning confocal microscope. The population dynamics of the gfp-labeled strains in these plants were studied by using real-time quantitative PCR. JF - Phytopathology AU - Li, W AU - Hartung, J S Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0406-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Host range KW - Green fluorescent protein KW - Gene expression KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18027673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Green+fluorescent+protein-labeled+strains+of+Xylella+fastidiosa+colonize+citrus%2C+grapevines+and+periwinkle&rft.au=Li%2C+W%3BHartung%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Detection of three plant viruses in nematode vectors by RT/PCR AN - 18027623; 5992984 AB - Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) are transmitted to healthy plants by viruliferous nematodes in the soil. These viruses cause diseases in economically important vegetable and fruit crops and have been controlled with mixed results. As of soil fumigants are now being phased out or banned due to environmental concerns, interest in alternatives, such as crop rotation to eliminate virus from nematodes, has increased. To examine the effectiveness of these alternatives in removing virus from the vector/virus/host system, traditional virus-transmission assays are being replaced by the faster and more sensitive RT/PCR assays. We developed a method for extraction of viral RNA from nematodes and a sensitive nested RT/PCR detection assay. The procedure has been adapted to microscale for handling multiple samples. This assay is effective for detection of ToRSV or TRSV in Xiphinema americanum or TRV in Paratrichodorus allius. With this method, viruses can be detected in nematodes fed on infected plants or from field collected nematodes where the percentage of viruliferous nematodes is unknown. JF - Phytopathology AU - Kraus, J AU - Pinkerton, J N AU - Martin, R R Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0370-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Paratrichodorus allius KW - Vectors KW - Tomato ringspot virus KW - Xiphinema americanum KW - Tobacco rattle virus KW - Reverse transcription KW - Disease transmission KW - Tobacco ringspot virus KW - RNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18027623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+three+plant+viruses+in+nematode+vectors+by+RT%2FPCR&rft.au=Kraus%2C+J%3BPinkerton%2C+J+N%3BMartin%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Kraus&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Comparative host range of U.S. isolates of Plum pox virus among Prunus and other woody plant species following graft inoculation or aphid transmission AN - 18027534; 5992795 AB - Plum pox virus (PPV) was identified in the U.S. in 1999. Despite extensive national surveys PPV has been found only in a four county area of PA. Many wild Prunus species have the potential to serve as reservoirs for PPV, if found to be susceptible to the virus. Identifying susceptible wild and ornamental host species is essential for success of the eradication effort. Susceptibility to PPV infection was evaluated by graft-inoculation and aphid transmission of PPV-PENN isolates to rooted cuttings or seedlings of more than 30 Prunus species. Plants were observed for symptoms for 30-90 days, assayed by ELISA and PCR, back-inoculated to peach seedlings, vernalized, and re-assayed following regrowth. Several important commercial, wild, and ornamental species including black cherry, chokecherry, dwarf-flowering almond, flowering almond, and ornamental cherry were identified as potential reservoir species of PPV-PENN isolates. JF - Phytopathology AU - Damsteegt, V D AU - Scorza, R AU - Gildow, F E AU - Schneider, W L AU - Stone, AL AU - Luster, D G Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0155-AMA KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Plant diseases KW - Host range KW - Grafts KW - Vectors KW - Plum pox virus KW - Disease transmission KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22185:Field infections UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18027534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Comparative+host+range+of+U.S.+isolates+of+Plum+pox+virus+among+Prunus+and+other+woody+plant+species+following+graft+inoculation+or+aphid+transmission&rft.au=Damsteegt%2C+V+D%3BScorza%2C+R%3BGildow%2C+F+E%3BSchneider%2C+W+L%3BStone%2C+AL%3BLuster%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Damsteegt&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drip applied soil fumigants for calla lily production AN - 18026635; 5993604 AB - A trial was established in Marina, CA during the spring of 2002 to test alternatives to methyl bromide for calla lily production. The pest targets were weeds and soilborne pathogens. Chemicals were applied through the drip irrigation tape in either 33 mm or 67 mm of water. Chemical treatments included chloropicrin, furfural + metham sodium, sodium azide, iodomethane + chloropicrin, 1,3-dichloropropene and 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin and a water control. Data pertaining to weed control and pathogen populations were previously reported. During the summer of 2003, flower counts indicated that treatments containing chloropicrin produced the healthiest plants. Disease ratings and plant height measurements during this same period reaffirmed the benefits of chloropicrin. Calla rhizomes were harvested during the fall of 2003 and the bulbs were graded according to size and salability. Again, treatments containing chloropicrin as well as metham sodium produced the greatest yield and dollar value. Results indicate that a successful calla lily crop may be produced with chloropicrin fumigation in combination with one or more additional fumigants. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gerik, J S AU - Greene, I D AD - USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA 93648 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - chloropicrin KW - iodomethane KW - metam-sodium KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0225-AMA KW - Soil KW - Zantedeschia KW - Sodium azide KW - Fumigants KW - Irrigation KW - Disease control KW - 1,3-Dichloropropene KW - Weed control KW - Furfural KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18026635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Drip+applied+soil+fumigants+for+calla+lily+production&rft.au=Gerik%2C+J+S%3BGreene%2C+I+D&rft.aulast=Gerik&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Sodium azide; Fumigants; Irrigation; Disease control; 1,3-Dichloropropene; Weed control; Furfural; Zantedeschia ER - TY - CONF T1 - An overview of the epidemiology of Citrus tristeza virus AN - 18026264; 5993404 AB - Epidemics of mild and decline-inducing isolates of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) were assessed in Florida. Costa Rica, The Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Spain, where the predominant vector for the pathosystem was either Aphis gossypii or Toxoptera citricida. The vector population composition affected the spatial pattern and rate of CTV increase. In the A. gossypii CTV pathosystem, virus incidence reached an asymptote after 8-14 years and was spread through a combination of random transmission originating from inoculum outside the plot and local transmission from within-plot sources operating over short distances. In contrast, virus incidence of the T. citricida CTV pathosystem required only 2-4 years to reach an asymptote, and spread was accounted for by short-range transmission within a local area of influence. Long distance spread of CTV was documented by A. gossypii over many kilometers, and spread by T. citricida was recorded up to 4.0 km. Virus increase was most rapid in orange, slower in grapefruit, and even slower in lemon plantings, although there was little difference in the resulting spatial pattern. Vector control had little effect on CTV increase and spread. Insecticides suppressed aphid infestation of citrus, but aphid feeding occurred on insecticide-treated trees prior to aphid death, and was sufficient for CTV acquisition and transmission. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gottwald, T R Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0077-SSA KW - Toxoptera citricida KW - Fruit trees KW - Vectors KW - Disease transmission KW - Insecticides KW - Aphis gossypii KW - Epidemiology KW - Citrus tristeza virus KW - Decline KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18026264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+the+epidemiology+of+Citrus+tristeza+virus&rft.au=Gottwald%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Gottwald&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Cellular distribution of RNA of seed-transmitted viruses in soybean embryos AN - 18026020; 5992894 AB - Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) cause serious virus diseases of soybean, and both viruses are transmitted vertically through infected seed. TRSV seed transmission approaches 90% in seed from infected plants. SMV is transmitted at a lower frequency (1% or less), although it has been reported to be as high as 30%, depending upon the virus isolate and soybean cultivar. We examined the cellular distribution of viral RNA in paraffin-embedded, thin sections of embryos from systemically infected soybean plants by in situ RNA hybridization, using RNA probes derived from cloned cDNA of the 5' terminus of SMV and TRSV (RNA-2). Both TRSV and SMV invaded many cell types in stage 2, 3 and 4 soybean embryos, including cells of cotyledons, embryonic leaves, procambial tissue, and shoot apexes. Viral infection was observed in over 80% of the embryos examined for both viruses, suggesting that the lower frequencies of seed transmission reported for SMV must be the result of events occurring after developmental stage 4, possibly a reduced viability of the seed and/or SMV at maturity. JF - Phytopathology AU - Haudenshield, J S AU - Domier, L L Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - soybean KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - P-2004-0265-AMA KW - Seeds KW - Plant diseases KW - Hybridization analysis KW - Glycine max KW - Disease transmission KW - Tobacco ringspot virus KW - Soybean mosaic virus KW - RNA KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18026020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Cellular+distribution+of+RNA+of+seed-transmitted+viruses+in+soybean+embryos&rft.au=Haudenshield%2C+J+S%3BDomier%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Haudenshield&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Evaluation of postharvest treatment of table grapes with heated ethanol or water to control gray mold AN - 18025762; 5993084 AB - Postharvest gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea. Pers., develops during commercial cold storage at -0.5 to 1 degree C and during transport and marketing at warmer temperatures. The influence of a brief immersion of table grapes in water or ethanol at ambient or higher temperatures on the incidence of gray mold and grape quality was evaluated. Single Autumn Seedless berries with or without the pedicels attached were inoculated with B. cinerea conidia. Reliable control of gray mold was obtained by a 1 min immersion in 35% ethanol at 50 degree C, while ethanol at 25 degree C or water alone at 50 degree C were less effective. Heated ethanol controlled gray mold effectively even if applied up to 24 h after inoculation. Treatments were less effective when pedicels were removed from the berries before inoculation and treatment. Crimson Seedless clusters were inoculated, immersed for 1 min in 35% ethanol at 25 or 50 degree C. and stored for one month at 0.5 degree C. and 2 days at 25 degree C. Infected berries were 78.7, 26.2, and 3.4 per kg, respectively, among untreated grapes and those immersed in ethanol at 25 or 50 degree C. Rachis appearance, berry color (L* and hue), and berry shatter were not significantly changed by these treatments. Treatments that were longer in duration or with higher ethanol concentrations did not reduce epicuticular wax content, although treated grapes were more susceptible to subsequent infection compared to cool water-treated controls. JF - Phytopathology AU - Gabler, F M AU - Smilanick, J L Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Grape KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0482-AMA KW - Temperature effects KW - Plant diseases KW - Disease control KW - Grey mold KW - Water KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - Vitaceae KW - Ethanol KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18025762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+postharvest+treatment+of+table+grapes+with+heated+ethanol+or+water+to+control+gray+mold&rft.au=Gabler%2C+F+M%3BSmilanick%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Gabler&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Emergence of resistance-breaking isolates of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus in the Imperial Valley, California AN - 18025576; 5993026 AB - Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is the causal agent of rhizomania disease of sugar beet. The virus is transmitted by the soil-borne fungus Polymyxa betae. The disease can only be controlled by the use of resistant cultivars. During 2002 and 2003 in the Imperial Valley of California partially resistant sugar beet cultivars with RzI allele developed against this devastating disease seem to be compromised. Distinct BNYVV isolates were isolated from infected sugar beet roots (IV-BNYVV) by single local lesion isolation. These isolates do not contain RNA-5 as determined by RT-PCR. From the banding patterns of single-strand conformation polymorphism analyses we concluded that the resistance-breaking BNYVV isolates from Imperial Valley had likely evolved from the original existing A-type. The pathogenicity of IV-BNYVV isolates was studied. PCR products from coat protein (RNA-2) and 25-kDa protein (encoded by BNYVV-RNA-3, involved in symptom expression) of IV-BNYVV isolates were sequenced. Sequence alignments revealed only minor amino acid changes compared to the existing A-type of California BNYVV isolates. JF - Phytopathology AU - Liu, H-Y AU - Sears, J L AU - Lewellen, R T Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - 25kDa protein KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0417-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Genotyping KW - Disease control KW - Disease resistance KW - RNA KW - Beet necrotic yellow vein virus KW - Coat protein KW - USA, California KW - V 22182:Susceptibility & virus multiplication KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18025576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Emergence+of+resistance-breaking+isolates+of+Beet+necrotic+yellow+vein+virus+in+the+Imperial+Valley%2C+California&rft.au=Liu%2C+H-Y%3BSears%2C+J+L%3BLewellen%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=H-Y&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotyping and assessing genetic diversity in the PD strains of Xylella fastidiosa by simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA markers AN - 18025528; 5993022 AB - The insect-transmitted bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), causes diseases in many economically important plants, including Pierce's disease in grape. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of the pathogen are critical steps in managing disease outbreaks. With the recently available genomic sequencing of four Xf strains, Pierce's disease of grapevine (PD). citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), almond leaf scorch (ALS), and oleander leaf scorch (OLS), identification of repeated sequence loci is facilitated. A genome wide search was performed for identifying Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) motifs among the all four strain sequence databases, and 60 SSR loci were selected for primer design. These simple repeat motifs consist of 2-8 bp repeat units and were distributed across the whole genome. We evaluated these SSR primers with 21 Xf isolates collected from Napa Valley, San Joaquin Valley and southern California vineyards. Seventy percent of these SSR primers were highly polymorphic and distinguished genetically close strains. This PCR-based SSR marker is a precise and repeatable marker system. The power of this polymorphic detection system makes it a useful tool for population structure, genetic diversity and epidemiological risk assessment analyses. JF - Phytopathology AU - Lin, H AU - Francis, M AU - Barros, S AU - Hu, R AU - Civerolo, EL AU - Walker, A M AD - ARS-USDA, 9611 S. Riverbend Avenue, Parilier, CA 93648 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0413-AMA KW - Data banks KW - Genomes KW - Genetic variance KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - Genotyping KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Repeated DNA sequences KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18025528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Genotyping+and+assessing+genetic+diversity+in+the+PD+strains+of+Xylella+fastidiosa+by+simple+sequence+repeat+%28SSR%29+DNA+markers&rft.au=Lin%2C+H%3BFrancis%2C+M%3BBarros%2C+S%3BHu%2C+R%3BCiverolo%2C+EL%3BWalker%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Data banks; Genetic variance; Genotyping; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Repeated DNA sequences; Xylella fastidiosa ER - TY - CONF T1 - An improved RT-PCR assay for the detection of two cherry foveaviruses in Prunus spp AN - 18025453; 5993013 AB - A one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure was developed to detect Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) and Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) in indicator and naturally-infected Prunus spp. Viral RNA suitable for RT-PCR was obtained by a simple method that did not require extraction of dsRNA and total RNA, availability of antibodies to virus or purification of viral particles. Consensus primers and degenerate primers, whose designs were based on alignments of published sequences of foveaviruses infecting cherry, were tested to amplify viral genomic fragments of five CGRMV isolates and one CNRMV isolate. RT-PCR using a pair of consensus primers allowed CGRMV detection in viral RNA and total RNA preparations equivalent to 80 ng and 400 mg of infected leaf tissue, respectively. CGRMV was detected in leaves, tender shoots, petioles, and young bark, whereas the strongest bands were obtained using young leaves and tender shoots. Detection was less consistent in summer when the temperature was elevated and plant tissues were old. The direct comparison of RT-PCR and bioassay indicates that the RT-PCR assay is sensitive, rapid and reliable. The method developed should allow for the rapid diagnosis of cherry foveaviruses in Prunus spp. JF - Phytopathology AU - Li, R AU - Mock, R G Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - P-2004-0403-AMA KW - Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus KW - Plant diseases KW - Reverse transcription KW - Prunus KW - RNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Cherry green ring mottle virus KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18025453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=An+improved+RT-PCR+assay+for+the+detection+of+two+cherry+foveaviruses+in+Prunus+spp&rft.au=Li%2C+R%3BMock%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Influence of biocontrol agents and other biological amendments on soil microbial communities AN - 18024898; 5992994 AB - Biocontrol organisms added to soil for disease control affect and are affected by indigenous soil microbial communities. These interactions may determine biocontrol capabilities, either in enhancing or disabling pathogen and disease suppression. However, little information exists on the fate and effects of biological amendments after application. In this research, the persistence and effects of commercially-available biocontrol products, including Bacillus subtilis GB03, Burkholderia cepacia J82, Trichoderma harzianum T-22, and Trichoderma virens G1-21, on soil microbial communities in the field were evaluated. In addition, effects of other biological amendments, including mycorrhizae, microbial inoculants, biostimulants, compost, and compost tea, were evaluated in greenhouse tests. Biocontrol amendments significantly affected microbial community characteristics, based on changes in cultivable population dynamics, substrate utilization, and fatty acid (FAME) profiles, and some effects were still evident 1 year after application. Implications and correlations with disease control will be discussed. JF - Phytopathology AU - Larkin, R P Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Trichoderma virens KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0381-AMA KW - Soil KW - Biological control KW - Community composition KW - Plant diseases KW - Bacillus subtilis KW - Fatty acid composition KW - Hypocrea virens KW - Trichoderma harzianum KW - Burkholderia cepacia KW - Population dynamics KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18024898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+biocontrol+agents+and+other+biological+amendments+on+soil+microbial+communities&rft.au=Larkin%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model for fungicide effects on within-plant spread of stem rust in ryegrass grown for seed AN - 18024864; 5993163 AB - Stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola) is the major disease constraint on grass seed production in the Pacific Northwest. In stem rust of grasses, there is a unique form of within-plant disease spread related to host phenology. Rust pustules sporulating on the inner surface of leaf sheaths deposit spores on the enclosed stem as it extends past the pustule site, resulting in elongated stem lesions that can comprise 80% of final disease severity. We determined that the major fungicides used in grass seed production (propiconazole and azoxystrobilurin) differ in persistence and 'kick-back' activity, transport through sheaths, and effects on viability of existing sheath pustules. We measured elongation rates of grass internodes to model within-plant spread of stem rust as a function of physiological time (heat units), and produced a simulation model combining plant phenology with fungicide activity. The relative efficacy of the two fungicides in controlling within-plant disease increase, and the importance of host stage in fungicide effectiveness, were demonstrated. JF - Phytopathology AU - Pfender, W AU - Upper, D AU - Lipp, C AD - USDA-ARS NFSPRC Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Azoxystrobilurin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - P-2004-0569-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Seeds KW - Disease spread KW - Mathematical models KW - Stem rust KW - Fungicides KW - propiconazole KW - Puccinia graminis KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18024864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=A+model+for+fungicide+effects+on+within-plant+spread+of+stem+rust+in+ryegrass+grown+for+seed&rft.au=Pfender%2C+W%3BUpper%2C+D%3BLipp%2C+C&rft.aulast=Pfender&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Disease spread; Seeds; Plant diseases; Mathematical models; Stem rust; Fungicides; propiconazole; Puccinia graminis ER - TY - CONF T1 - Migration of Fusarium verticillioides in corn ears AN - 18024583; 5993327 AB - Mycotoxins harmful to humans and animals are produced during colonization of corn kernels by Fusarium verticillioides creating a need to understand the host/pathogen interactions between the two organisms. Current methodology is limited by a consistent supply of host tissue as reproductively mature corn plants can be produced only once each year in temperate climates under field conditions and is limited under greenhouse conditions. F. verticillioides migration was assessed in corn cars obtained from a local grocery store, as well as from greenhouse and field grown plants. The F. verticillioides transformant used for inoculation was tagged with the selection gene for hygromycin resistance and the marker gene for beta-glucuronidase ensuring the identification of the source of subsequent mycelial growth. F. verticillioides colonized corn ears, regardless of source or incubation protocol. Migration of F. verticillioides proceeded both in an apical and a basal direction on the ear from the site of inoculation at the midpoint of total ear length, regardless of whether ears were attached or detached from the plant. Likewise. F. verticillioides migrated from the inoculation site both with shucks intact and removed. In summary, grocer ears can serve as a source of corn providing methodology for analyzing the relationship between corn and F. verticillioides to study this host/pathogen interaction regardless of the time of year. JF - Phytopathology AU - Yates, I E AU - Sparks, D Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0771-AMA KW - ^b-Glucuronidase KW - Plant diseases KW - Hygromycin KW - Drug resistance KW - Migration KW - b-Glucuronidase KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Fusarium verticillioides KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18024583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Migration+of+Fusarium+verticillioides+in+corn+ears&rft.au=Yates%2C+I+E%3BSparks%2C+D&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Control of blue mold of apple with Metschnikowia pulcherrima and sodium bicarbonate using a small scale bin drencher AN - 18024308; 5992926 AB - A portable drencher capable of drenching a single bin of fruit was built to simulate commercial application of chemicals to harvested apples in small orchard operations in the Central and Eastern United States. The drencher, as designed, required as little as 125 L of the treatment solution and permitted various bin travel speeds. The portable drencher was used to determine efficacy of the yeast biocontrol agent M. pulcherrima alone or in combination with sodium bicarbonate (SB) in controlling blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum on 'Golden Delicious' and 'Delicious' apples. Wounded apples were placed midway between the bottom and top of the bin in the center and near the four corners (20 fruit in each place) and covered with apples to fill the bin. The bins were drenched with a suspension containing P. expansum (3 times 10 super(3) conidia/ml) alone or in combination with 2% SB, antagonist (1.2 times 10 super(7) CFU/ml), or mixture of the two. Wounded fruit were evaluated for decay incidence after 3 mo, of storage at approximately 2 degree C. On 'Delicious' apples, the lowest incidence of the decay was on fruit treated with the antagonist with SB (8.8%), followed by the antagonist alone (26%), then SB (34%), and P. expansum alone (66%). On 'Golden Delicious', decay incidence was 31% for P. expansum alone, and less than 3.4% in all other treatments. The yeast M. pulcherrima appears to have good potential for control of apple decays in small orchard operations. JF - Phytopathology AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Peterson, D L AU - Yoder, K S AU - Miller, S S Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - P-2004-0306-AMA KW - Biological control KW - Plant diseases KW - Disease control KW - Sodium bicarbonate KW - Antagonists KW - Penicillium expansum KW - Metschnikowia pulcherrima KW - Blue mold KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18024308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Control+of+blue+mold+of+apple+with+Metschnikowia+pulcherrima+and+sodium+bicarbonate+using+a+small+scale+bin+drencher&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BPeterson%2C+D+L%3BYoder%2C+K+S%3BMiller%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Puccinia lagenophorae: Invasive or beneficial AN - 18024226; 5993439 AB - Puccinia lagenophorae, cause of a rust disease on common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) may be useful for biological control in the U.S. During evaluations in containment, it was found in the U.S. (California and the East Coast). Is it damaging to groundsel and will it attack native Senecio spp.? JF - Phytopathology AU - Bruckart, W L Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Groundsel KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0001-PTA KW - Biological control KW - Invasiveness KW - Senecio vulgaris KW - Rust KW - Puccinia lagenophorae KW - USA, California KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18024226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Puccinia+lagenophorae%3A+Invasive+or+beneficial&rft.au=Bruckart%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Bruckart&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Metabolic activity of Enterobacter cloacae in cucumber and pea spermo sphere AN - 18023533; 5993189 AB - In situ bioluminescence experiments and in vitro oxygen consumption experiments with Enterobacter cloacae 501R3 on cucumber and pea seed were conducted to determine the influence of host seed on metabolic activity by this bacterium in the spermosphere. Total metabolic activity per population of 501R3 and average metabolic activity per cell of 501R3 was significantly greater in pea spermosphere than in cucumber spermosphere. Pea seed releases orders of magnitude more carbohydrate and amino acid compounds than cucumber seed during the first few days of germination. These compounds supported high rates of metabolic activity by 501R3 in in vitro experiments. In vitro oxygen consumption experiments on cucumber and pea seed exudate and in situ bioluminescence experiments with metabolic mutants of 501R3, and with exogenous addition of reduced carbon compounds, confirmed that qualitative and quantitative differences in exudation by the host seed influence metabolic activity by E. cloacae in the spermosphere. JF - Phytopathology AU - Roberts, D P AU - Buyer, J S AU - Baker, C J Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0598-AMA KW - Oxygen consumption KW - Host specificity KW - Spermosphere KW - Seeds KW - Enterobacter cloacae KW - Bioluminescence KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18023533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Metabolic+activity+of+Enterobacter+cloacae+in+cucumber+and+pea+spermo+sphere&rft.au=Roberts%2C+D+P%3BBuyer%2C+J+S%3BBaker%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungi associated with wood decomposition in forest soils of the northwestern U.S.A AN - 18023477; 5993188 AB - Fungi associated with wood decomposition have diverse roles that contribute to the chemical and physical components involved in long-term productivity of forest soils. As part of a two-year study, standard substrate wood stakes were buried to a depth of 30 cm in the mineral soil and at the forest floor/mineral soil interface on six forested sites in Idaho and Washington to examine soil temperature and moisture influences on fungal distribution and wood decomposition rates. Fungi are isolated from these stakes at six-month intervals. Morphological characterization and ITS rDNA sequencing are being used for fungal identification. At the midpoint of this study, 22 genera of basidiomycetes, 25 genera of ascomycetes, and 3 genera of zygomycetes have been identified. Determining the impacts of forest management on belowground productivity and fungal communities is essential to develop appropriate management practices. JF - Phytopathology AU - Rippy, R C AU - Klopfenstein, N B AU - Kim, M-S AU - Page-Dumroese, D S AU - Carris, L M AU - Rogers, J D AU - Jurgensen, M F AD - USDA Forest Service - RMRS, Moscow, ID Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0597-AMA KW - Fungi KW - Genotyping KW - Wood KW - Forests KW - Decomposition KW - Soil KW - USA, Washington KW - Phenotyping KW - USA, Idaho KW - Community composition KW - Basidiomycetes KW - Ascomycetes KW - Zygomycetes KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01044:General KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18023477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Fungi+associated+with+wood+decomposition+in+forest+soils+of+the+northwestern+U.S.A&rft.au=Rippy%2C+R+C%3BKlopfenstein%2C+N+B%3BKim%2C+M-S%3BPage-Dumroese%2C+D+S%3BCarris%2C+L+M%3BRogers%2C+J+D%3BJurgensen%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Rippy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Phenotyping; Community composition; Genotyping; Fungi; Forests; Wood; Decomposition; Basidiomycetes; Ascomycetes; Zygomycetes; USA, Washington; USA, Idaho ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new isolate of Ramularia crupinae for biological control of Common Crupina AN - 18021707; 5993645 AB - A French isolate of R. crupinae, which causes significant stem and foliage necrosis on common crupina (Crupina vulgaris), has been under evaluation for biological control. Recently, we found a new, pink isolate of R. crupinae that produces abundant conidia on both solid and liquid media. Spore yields are very high (2 times 107 spores/ml), compared with approximately 2 times 103 spores/ml for the original isolate. One of 11 species in the Asteraceae, Carthamus tinctorius (safflower). was infected with the new isolate of R. crupinae, developing a limited number of small, necrotic lesions on older leaves. Damage to safflower and crupina was measured after repeated inoculations with R. crupinae. Root dry weight of crupina was reduced by 53.1% and there were no significant differences (P = 0.05) in root dry weights of inoculated safflower compared with controls. Similar results were noted for data on height, number of flowers, and top dry weight. JF - Phytopathology AU - Eskandari, F AU - Bruekart, W L AD - USDA-ARS-FDWSRU, 1301 Ditto Ave., Ft. Detrick, MD 21702 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0003-PTA KW - Ramularia crupinae KW - Biological control KW - Flowers KW - Leaves KW - Conidia KW - Carthamus tinctorius KW - Stems KW - Necrosis KW - Crupina vulgaris KW - Liquid culture KW - Spores KW - Media (culture) KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18021707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=A+new+isolate+of+Ramularia+crupinae+for+biological+control+of+Common+Crupina&rft.au=Eskandari%2C+F%3BBruekart%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Eskandari&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Flowers; Necrosis; Liquid culture; Leaves; Conidia; Spores; Stems; Media (culture); Ramularia crupinae; Crupina vulgaris; Carthamus tinctorius ER - TY - CONF T1 - A virus associated with blueberry fruit drop disease AN - 18021703; 5993052 AB - During the past few years a fruit drop symptom has been observed in several blueberry fields in Oregon, Wash. And B.C. The plants flower normally, though the young leaves and flowers have a transient red coloration that is absent in healthy plants. The fruit develops to 3-5 mm in diameter and then aborts so that affected bushes mature virtually no fruit. The incidence within fields increases year to year suggesting that a pathogen is involved. Virus purification and mechanical transmissions to herbaceous hosts has been unsuccessful. Only one of more than 40 attempts at dsRNA purification was successful. Thus far, approximately 1700 nucleotides of the dsRNA template have been sequenced and three sets of primers for detection were developed. In RT-PCR assays, amplicons were obtained from symptomatic bushes with all three sets of primers but not from asymptomatic bushes. The sequence obtained shows homology with fungal rather than plant viruses. The possibility of a systemic virus-infected fungal pathogen can not be ruled out at this time. JF - Phytopathology AU - Martin, R R AU - Tzanetakis, I E AU - Sweeney, M AU - Wegener, L Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Blueberries KW - Cranberries KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - P-2004-0448-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Fungi KW - Viruses KW - Vaccinium KW - Reverse transcription KW - Double-stranded KW - RNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22183:Symptomatology, pathology & etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18021703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=A+virus+associated+with+blueberry+fruit+drop+disease&rft.au=Martin%2C+R+R%3BTzanetakis%2C+I+E%3BSweeney%2C+M%3BWegener%2C+L&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Hawaiian grown guava as a model for studying plant disease AN - 18021645; 5992954 AB - Guava is one of the most vigorous and widespread plants in the tropics and is associated with many fruit rot diseases. Guava is commonly processed into puree and juice so disease can decrease its marketability. In Hawaii, common guava (Psidium guajava L.) is found throughout the island at a variety of elevations and environmental conditions. Due to its widespread distribution, guava serves as an excellent model for studying disease. A survey was conducted at the Waiakea Agricultural Experiment Station where there are 50 accessions of guava grown. Disease symptoms were visible on leaves without fruit present and on the skin of young fruits which progressed as fruits matured. Disease ratings were developed to describe symptom severity. Samples of fruit and leaves were collected, photographed and aseptically cultured on potato dextrose agar. One of the main fungi consistently isolated from leaves and fruit was Pestalotiopsis sp. Morphology, colony characteristics, and pathogenicity of the isolates was examined and potential sources of host resistance were identified for germplasm characterization studies. The importance of Pestalotiopsis as a guava pathogen and its cross-infection potential will be discussed. JF - Phytopathology AU - Keith, L M AU - Zee, F T Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - P-2004-0335-AMA KW - Fruits KW - Etiology KW - Plant diseases KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Psidium guajava KW - Leaves KW - Pestalotiopsis KW - Phenotypes KW - Media (isolation) KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18021645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Hawaiian+grown+guava+as+a+model+for+studying+plant+disease&rft.au=Keith%2C+L+M%3BZee%2C+F+T&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alginate gene expression by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in planta AN - 18021370; 5993487 AB - P. syringae produces the exopolysaccharide alginate. In this study, an algD::uidA transcriptional fusion (pDCalgDP) was constructed to monitor alginate gene expression in plants inoculated with P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. When susceptible collard plants were spray-inoculated with DC3000(pDCalgDP), algD was activated 72 hours post-inoculation (hpi) and was associated with the development of water-soaked lesions. In susceptible tomato cv. Rio Grande-PtoS, algD activity was lower than in collard and was not associated with watersoaking. The expression of algD was also monitored in tomato cv. Rio Grande-PtoR, which is resistant to the pathogen. 12 hpi, micro-HR was observed in Rio Grande-PtoR spray-inoculated with P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000(pDCalgDP). Results indicate that algD is expressed in both susceptible and resistant host plants. This study demonstrates alginate gene expression in planta, indicating that alginate gene expression occurs in both compatible and incompatible plant host-pathogen interactions. JF - Phytopathology AU - Keith, R C AU - Keith, L M AU - Hernandez-Guzman, G AU - Uppalapati AU - Bender, CL AD - PBARC, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI 96720 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0028-PCA KW - Gene expression KW - Alginic acid KW - AlgD protein KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Lesions KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18021370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Alginate+gene+expression+by+Pseudomonas+syringae+pv.+tomato+DC3000+in+planta&rft.au=Keith%2C+R+C%3BKeith%2C+L+M%3BHernandez-Guzman%2C+G%3BUppalapati%3BBender%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Alginic acid; AlgD protein; Host-pathogen interactions; Lesions; Pseudomonas syringae ER - TY - CONF T1 - Fitness of Salmonella enterica in the phyllosphere AN - 18021231; 5993395 AB - Recent outbreaks of food-borne illness linked to fresh produce have raised concerns regarding the ability of human enteric pathogens to grow and survive on plants in the pre-harvest environment. Salmonella enterica serovar Thompson was associated with an outbreak from cilantro in California. We have investigated the fitness of S. thompson in the cilantro phyllosphere and its interaction with common soft-rot plant pathogens such Erwinia chrysanthemi and Pseudomonas viridiflava. Our studies demonstrate that S. thompson reached higher population sizes and was more competitive on cilantro leaves at 30 degree C than at 24 degree C, and that it recovered from short periods of dry conditions on plants to the same extent as common bacterial epiphytes. Microscopy of GFP-labeled S. thompson cells on leaves combined with image analysis revealed that 70% of the cells were located in large aggregates, and that quorum-sensing signaling via autoinducer-2 was not involved in the formation of aggregates, nor in the fitness of S. thompson on plants. Unlike with P. viridiflava, S. thompson population sizes were highly correlated with those of E. chrysanthemi and its various virulence mutants after their co-inoculation onto cilantro plants. S. thompson and E. chrysanthemi formed large mixed aggregates on cilantro leaves. The role of cross-talk via autoinducer-2 in the interactions between these two species in the phyllosphere will be discussed. JF - Phytopathology AU - Brandl, M Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Cilantro KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0059-SSA KW - Fitness KW - Growth conditions KW - Soft rot KW - Population growth KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Phyllosphere KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Erwinia chrysanthemi KW - Salmonella thompson KW - Pseudomonas viridiflava KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18021231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Fitness+of+Salmonella+enterica+in+the+phyllosphere&rft.au=Brandl%2C+M&rft.aulast=Brandl&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - A method for the quantification of Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia oryzae from soil using toothpicks AN - 18020445; 5993153 AB - Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 and R. oryzae are important root pathogens on wheat and barley in the dryland production areas of the inland Pacific Northwest. R. solani AG-8 is difficult to isolate from root systems and quantify in soil because of slow growth and low population densities. However, both pathogens form extensive hyphal networks in the soil and can grow a considerable distance from a food base. We developed a quantitative assay using toothpicks as baits inserted into sample soils. After 2 days in soil, toothpicks were placed on a selective medium, and the numbers of colonies that grew after 24 h were counted under a dissecting microscope. R. solani and R. oryzae could be distinguished from other fungi based on hyphal morphology. This method was tested in natural soils amended with known densities of R. solani AG-8 and R. oryzae. Regressions were used to compare the inoculum density/toothpick colonization curves to a predicted curve based on the volume of the toothpicks. The slopes and Y-intercept of log-log transformed regressions did not differ from the predicted curve in most cases. This technique was used to assess the hyphal activity of R. solani AG-8 and R. oryzae from soil cores taken from various positions in and around Rhizoctonia bare patches at two locations. Activity of R. solani was highest in the center and inside edge of the patch, but there was no effect of patch position on R. oryzae. This simple and inexpensive technique can be used for detection and diagnosis in grower fields and to study the ecology and epidemiology of Rhizoctonia. JF - Phytopathology AU - Paulitz, T C AU - Schroeder, K L Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0558-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Media (selective) KW - Soil KW - Colonies KW - Rhizoctonia oryzae KW - Microscopy KW - Toothpicks KW - K 03069:Fungi KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18020445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=A+method+for+the+quantification+of+Rhizoctonia+solani+and+Rhizoctonia+oryzae+from+soil+using+toothpicks&rft.au=Paulitz%2C+T+C%3BSchroeder%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Paulitz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Derivatives of the Erwinia betavasculorum type strain CFBP 2122 that differ by an order of magnitude in relative root necrosis-inducing ability AN - 18020093; 5992987 AB - Erwinia betavasculorum, i.e., Pectobacterium betavasculorum type strain CFBP 2122 (ATCC 43762) obtained from Louis Cardan (Beaucouze, France), is one of several subspecies of E. (P.) carotovora elevated to species rank in 2003. Plants of the root rot-susceptible sugar beet genotype L204, obtained from Bob Lewellen, ARS, USDA. Salinas. CA, were inoculated to determine the virulence of the bacterium. After several weeks, the infected roots were surface-sterilized, and bacteria were recovered by streaking onto King's B agar medium. Following re-isolation from plant roots, strain 2122 was resolved into two colony types: S (small) and L (large). Rather than a lab-attenuated strain, 2122S is probably a wild-type strain that carries avirulence gene(s) since roots of sugar beet plants infected with this strain had limited areas of bacterial necrosis which correspond with the infectivity results obtained with the original culture and with the published description of Erwinia-induced root rot. The more 'compatible' strain, 2122L produced considerably greater necrosis where the roots were rendered glutinous masses. Hyper-virulent derivatives like 2122L are evidently both selected and enriched by passage through a susceptible host plant. Either the loss of, a deletion in or a simple mutation in an avirulence gene(s) would explain the spontaneous appearance of plant-selected, hyper-virulent derivatives. JF - Phytopathology AU - Kuykendall, L D Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0374-AMA KW - Virulence KW - Necrosis KW - Plant diseases KW - Erwinia betavasculorum KW - Mutation KW - Phenotypes KW - Media (isolation) KW - Root rot KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18020093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Derivatives+of+the+Erwinia+betavasculorum+type+strain+CFBP+2122+that+differ+by+an+order+of+magnitude+in+relative+root+necrosis-inducing+ability&rft.au=Kuykendall%2C+L+D&rft.aulast=Kuykendall&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Significance of host genotype in exploitation of resident disease suppressive soil microbial communities AN - 18019996; 5993630 AB - Impact of plant genotype on plant-microbe interactions has been widely examined in the realm of plant pathogenic organisms. Consideration of host specificity in interactions between plants and resident non-symbiotic plant-beneficial soil microorganisms has received decidedly less attention. The capacity of wheat to modify composition of the fluorescent pseudomonad population resident to orchard soils was found to vary in a cultivar-specific manner, and was associated with development of soil suppressiveness toward Rhizoctonia solani AG-5 and AG-8, pathogens of apple and wheat, respectively. Wheat genotypes also varied in the capacity to select, both qualitatively and quantitatively, for resident populations of 2,4-DAPG-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., which have a pivotal role in the development of take-all decline. Apple rootstocks varied in the ability to support antagonistic pseudomonad genotypes enhanced through wheat cultivation and populations of resident Streptomyces spp. promoted by canola seed meal amendment. These findings implicate the importance of host genotype in optimizing use of resident soil microorganisms for disease suppression. JF - Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AU - Gu, Y-H AU - Funnell, D L AU - Cohen, M F AU - Raaijmakers, J M Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0044-SSA KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Disease control KW - Pseudomonas KW - Genotypes KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01047:General KW - A 01024:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18019996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Significance+of+host+genotype+in+exploitation+of+resident+disease+suppressive+soil+microbial+communities&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M%3BGu%2C+Y-H%3BFunnell%2C+D+L%3BCohen%2C+M+F%3BRaaijmakers%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Specific stylet activities by sharpshooters are involved in inoculation of Xylella fastidiosa AN - 18019639; 5992693 AB - Glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) feeding behavior is being studied to determine the exact behaviors associated with inoculation of the xylem-limited bacterium. Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) in plants. To do this, we are using electropenetration graph (EPG) monitoring of feeding, videomicrography of stylet movements in transparent diet and histology of Xf aggregations in vector precibaria. Studies on grape described last year showed preliminary correlations of GWSS waveforms A1 and A2 with salivary sheath formation, B1 and B2 with other pathway activities, and C with ingestion. They also implicated the B1 waveform in inoculation of Xf near EPG-identified probes. Work this year has emphasized understanding the biological meanings of sub-patterns in the B1 waveform and correlation of waveforms with bacterial populations in the vector precibarium. Results presented describe stylet activities during the 'spikclet burst' sub-pattern of B1, which may represent expulsion of bacteria-laden fluid from the precibarium. The ultimate goal of our research is to develop a Stylet Penetration Index using EPG monitoring of feeding, which could provide a rapid means of screening grape varieties for host plant resistance to the vector. JF - Phytopathology AU - Backus, E A AU - Joost, PH AU - Yan, F AU - Shugart, H Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0033-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - Vectors KW - Aggregates KW - Disease transmission KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18019639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Specific+stylet+activities+by+sharpshooters+are+involved+in+inoculation+of+Xylella+fastidiosa&rft.au=Backus%2C+E+A%3BJoost%2C+PH%3BYan%2C+F%3BShugart%2C+H&rft.aulast=Backus&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Identification of Clover yellow vein virus as the causal agent of pod necrosis ('chocolate pod') in snap bean AN - 18019167; 5992995 AB - Clover yellow vein virus (CYVV) and Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) (Family: Potyviridae) have been important viruses of snap bean in the Great Lakes region. Serological differentiation of the two viruses has typically been difficult because of the similarity of their coat proteins. In addition, symptoms on bean are highly variable and this often results in erroneous identification of field isolates. Selected strains of both viruses are reported to cause pod distortion, vein necrosis, and apical or top necrosis resulting in plant death. During the 2000-2003 growing seasons, snap beans were observed showing extensive pod necrosis or 'chocolate pod' in many fields. CYVV was suspected as the causal agent based on preliminary host range studies but identity of the pathogen was not conclusive. An RT-PCR assay was developed that can unambiguously distinguish between CYVV and BYMV in single and mixed infections of bean. The primers were also used to demonstrate that CYVV, but not BYMV, was directly associated with pod necrosis symptoms on snap bean collected from production fields in Wisconsin. JF - Phytopathology AU - Larsen, R C AU - Eastwell, K C Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0382-AMA KW - Etiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Host range KW - Clover yellow vein virus KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Reverse transcription KW - Necrosis KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18019167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Clover+yellow+vein+virus+as+the+causal+agent+of+pod+necrosis+%28%27chocolate+pod%27%29+in+snap+bean&rft.au=Larsen%2C+R+C%3BEastwell%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - An aerobiological and epidemiological risk assessment for the aerial incursion of soybean rust into the United States AN - 18019066; 5992919 AB - Soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) was first detected in Brazil in 2001 and is likely to be aerially transported into the Unites States. A risk assessment of the potential for aerial incursion was prepared for the USDA Economic Research Service (ERS). There are four components to this composite spatial risk assessment: i) source area strength in South America, ii) aerial transport potential using a complex 3-D atmospheric model, iii) host area strength, and iv) epidemic potential using the NAPPFAST predictive modeling tool. An index was constructed for each component ranging in value from 0.0 to 1.0. The composite risk index was the product of the four component indexes. Risk was determined for each of the ten USDA agricultural regions during each of six bi-monthly periods. The results showed that the risk of aerial incursion was greatest in the Southeastern and Appalachian regions during April to July. JF - Phytopathology AU - Isard, SA AU - Magarey, R D AU - Russo, J M Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0295-AMA KW - Risk assessment KW - Plant diseases KW - Mathematical models KW - Phakopsora pachyrhizi KW - Rust KW - Air spora KW - Disease transmission KW - USA KW - Epidemiology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18019066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=An+aerobiological+and+epidemiological+risk+assessment+for+the+aerial+incursion+of+soybean+rust+into+the+United+States&rft.au=Isard%2C+SA%3BMagarey%2C+R+D%3BRusso%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Isard&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Identification of proteins expressed during resistant and susceptible soybean rust interactions AN - 18018885; 5993037 AB - Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is a devastating disease that has spread from Asia to Africa and South America, but not yet to the continental United States. We focused on proteins involved in early responses between P. pachyrhizi and soybean (Glycine max). Proteins localized to the leaf apoplast were extracted from soybean cultivars following inoculation with isolates of soybean rust that resulted in susceptible and resistant interactions. Samples were taken at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours and 6 days post inoculation. Trypsin-digested two-dimensional gel electrophoresis spots were peptide finger-printed and sequenced using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization mass spectrometry with automated tandem time of flight fragmentation of selected ions (MALDI-TOF/TOF). Proteins identified from putative peptide sequences by database searches within a confidence interval greater than or equal to 95% were evaluated and placed into functional categories. Results show a large group of proteins involved in defense response and cell signaling. JF - Phytopathology AU - Luster, D G AU - McMahon, M B AU - Choi, J J AU - Carter, M L AU - Nunez, A AU - Frederick, R D Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - soybean KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0432-AMA KW - Plant diseases KW - Phakopsora pachyrhizi KW - Disease resistance KW - Rust KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Glycine max KW - Host-pathogen interactions KW - Proteins KW - K 03025:Fungi KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18018885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+proteins+expressed+during+resistant+and+susceptible+soybean+rust+interactions&rft.au=Luster%2C+D+G%3BMcMahon%2C+M+B%3BChoi%2C+J+J%3BCarter%2C+M+L%3BNunez%2C+A%3BFrederick%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Citrus canker symptom assessment using image analysis AN - 18018283; 5993147 AB - Images of 214 citrus leaves with symptoms of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, were analyzed using image analysis (IA). In addition, three plant pathologists visually assessed (VA) each image for number of lesions, % area necrotic, and the % area necrotic + chlorotic. There was a consistent positive correlation (r = 0.683-0.916, P < 0.0001) between these three visual assessments of symptoms and the IA estimates. Although mean number of lesions estimated per leaf was similar (16.2-18.7). there was some discrepancy between the IA estimate and among assessors: for example, the number of leaves with no symptoms was 17 using IA, and 18-24 when visually assessed. The mean % area necrotic was 3.4 (IA) and 3.5-5.4 (VA). respectively, and mean area necrotic + chlorotic was 10.7 (IA) and 8.9-11.0 (VA), respectively. Minor discrepancy was found within other lesion number categories, and % area diseased estimates, although frequency counts in each category were not dramatically different. IA appears to provide a reliable way to assess canker infected leaves for disease severity. JF - Phytopathology AU - Parker, P E AU - Bock, CH AU - Gottwald, T R Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0550-AMA KW - Canker KW - Citrus KW - Plant diseases KW - Leaves KW - Xanthomonas axonopodis KW - Necrosis KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18018283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Citrus+canker+symptom+assessment+using+image+analysis&rft.au=Parker%2C+P+E%3BBock%2C+CH%3BGottwald%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Effect of heat stress on aflatoxin and fumonisin production in corn (maize, Zea mays) in Arkansas AN - 18017377; 5992664 AB - A severe infestation by aflatoxin-producing fungi diminished the food quality of the southern US corn (maize) crop in 1998. Commercial corn hybrids planted at the same and other locations in Arkansas (21 in 1998; 29 in 1999; 15 in 2001; some planted multiple years) were evaluated for resistance to mycotoxin contamination from natural infection by Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. At harvest, kernel corn samples were evaluated for the presence of aflatoxins and fumonisins. In 1998, samples from all hybrids exceeded 20 ppb aflatoxin (range: 21-699 ppb) and 2 ppm fumonisins (23-79 ppm), the maximum levels permitted for some uses by United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines. In 1999 aflatoxin levels ranged from none detected in most hybrids to 255.3 ppb, and fumonisin levels from 0.3-8.1 ppm. In 2001 the fumonisin levels were very high in all hybrids (range: 8-83.6 ppm), whereas aflatoxin levels were low (<5 in most hybrids, ranging up to 131 ppb). The presence of aflatoxin (AFB1 and AFB2) in samples was confirmed by TLC and LC/APCI/MS and fumonisins (FB1, FB2, FB3, FB4 and FC4) by LC/ESI/MS. Arkansas experienced unusually high day and nighttime temperatures in 1998, but nearly normal temperatures in 1999 and 2001. The results are consistent with heat stress having an important affect on mycotoxin production in corn by A. flavus and Fusarium spp. JF - Phytopathology AU - Abbas, H K AU - Shier, W T AU - Cartwright, R D Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - P-2004-0004-AMA KW - Temperature effects KW - Fusarium KW - Plant diseases KW - Fumonisins KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Aflatoxins KW - Disease resistance KW - Zea mays KW - USA, Arkansas KW - K 03040:Fungi KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18017377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+heat+stress+on+aflatoxin+and+fumonisin+production+in+corn+%28maize%2C+Zea+mays%29+in+Arkansas&rft.au=Abbas%2C+H+K%3BShier%2C+W+T%3BCartwright%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Detection of four rust pathogens of cereals and grasses using real-time PCR AN - 18015815; 5992698 AB - Puccinia rust species are widespread pathogens of cereals and grasses that annually cause significant crop losses worldwide. Duplex real-time PCR assays were developed for rapid detection of four rust pathogens, P. graminis, P. recondita, P. striiformis, and P. triticina, using TaqMan chemistry. Nuclear rDNA provided a variable region (ITS1) to distinguish between species, and a conserved region (28S) as an internal control. Specific ITSI primer/probe sets exhibited high specificity and sensitivity with detection limits below 1 pg of rust DNA. Specificity of the assays was tested across multiple isolates representing a range of races and forma speciulis within a species. Additionally, assay specificity was evaluated by testing a range of other grass rusts, as well as other fungi. The 28S primer/probe combination was successful in detecting all rust species tested within the duplex assays, validating the integrity of each assay. Rust species were identified within 30 min from the beginning of the assay, demonstrating the advantages of real-time PCR for detection of cereal rust pathogens. JF - Phytopathology AU - Barnes, C W AU - Szabo, L J AU - Nguyen, K-P Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - P-2004-0039-AMA KW - Puccinia striiformis KW - Puccinia recondita KW - Plant diseases KW - Genotyping KW - Rust KW - Puccinia graminis KW - rRNA 28S KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Puccinia triticina KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops KW - A 01117:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18015815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+four+rust+pathogens+of+cereals+and+grasses+using+real-time+PCR&rft.au=Barnes%2C+C+W%3BSzabo%2C+L+J%3BNguyen%2C+K-P&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The glassy-winged sharpshooter transmits Xylella fastidiosa between sycamore trees AN - 18015056; 5993009 AB - American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) has good commercial value because of its rapid growth and excellent pulping qualities. Widespread establishment of sycamore plantations in the southeastern United States has been hampered by bacterial leaf scorch (BLS), caused by Xylella fastidiosa, which typically occurs within five years after planting, especially on sites for which sycamore is not well suited. The glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata; GWSS) can transmit X. f, to grapes, causing Pierce's disease. GWSS were allowed to feed for 24 h on BLS-symptomatic sycamore branches that tested positive by ELISA for X. f, after which they were collected. Six X. f-infested GWSS were then caged for 24 h on each of thirty one-yr-old sycamore seedlings that tested negative by ELISA for X. f. Sycamore leaves were tested monthly by ELISA during the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons. Seventeen of 30 seedlings exposed to X. f-infested GWSS tested positive for the bacterium, while no seedlings exposed to uninfected-GWSS tested positive. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GWSS transmitting X. f, to sycamore trees. JF - Phytopathology AU - Leininger, T D AU - Schiff, N M AU - Corbin, K C Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 PB - American Phytopathological Society, 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul MN 55121-2097 USA, [URL:http://www.apsnet.org/phyto/top.asp] VL - 94 IS - 6 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - P-2004-0397-AMA KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Plant diseases KW - Platanus occidentalis KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - Homalodisca coagulata KW - Vectors KW - Disease transmission KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18015056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=The+glassy-winged+sharpshooter+transmits+Xylella+fastidiosa+between+sycamore+trees&rft.au=Leininger%2C+T+D%3BSchiff%2C+N+M%3BCorbin%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Leininger&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The outcome of alien tree invasions in Puerto Rico AN - 18010999; 5959559 AB - Invasive alien tree species in Puerto Rico often form monospecific stands on deforested lands that were previously used for agriculture and then abandoned. Most native pioneer species are incapable of colonizing these sites, and thus introduced species have little competition from native trees. Alien trees may dominate sites for 30 to 40 years, but by that time native species begin to appear in the understory. By 60 to 80 years, unique communities comprising both alien and native species are found on these sites. This phenomenon is a response to a change in the disturbance regime of Puerto Rico's landscape, brought about by intensive agricultural land use and abandonment. The invasion of a site and the formation of an alien-dominated forest serve important ecological functions, such as repairing soil structure and fertility, and restoring forest cover and biodiversity at degraded sites. JF - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment AU - Lugo, A E AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, 1201 Calle Ceiba Jardin Botanico Sur, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 1119, alugo@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 265 EP - 273 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 2 IS - 5 SN - 1540-9295, 1540-9295 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Puerto Rico KW - Trees KW - Conservation KW - Introduced species KW - Deforestation KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18010999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=The+outcome+of+alien+tree+invasions+in+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15409295&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puerto Rico; Trees; Introduced species; Deforestation; Conservation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction Between the Entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and the Mycoparasites Clonostachys spp., Trichoderma harzianum and Lecanicillium lecanii AN - 18008262; 5955964 AB - Biocontrol agents of numerous insect pests and fungal pathogens exist but virtually nothing is known about their interaction if used simultaneously. Our objective was to investigate the compatibility of the entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, and the broad host-range mycoparasites Clonostachys spp., Trichoderma harzianum and Lecanicillium lecanii. In vitro host-range tests revealed that M. anisopliae was highly susceptible to all mycoparasites tested. B. bassiana was attacked by Clonostachys rosea, and P. fumosoroseus. was resistant to mycoparasites. M. anisopliae but not P. fumosoroseus killed nymphs of Bemisia tabaci in bioassays. B. bassiana and M. anisopliae proved lethal to Cosmopolites sordidus, Diatraea saccharalis and Sitophilus oryzae. Coapplication of mycoparasites with entomopathogens did not affect their biocontrol efficacy in vivo, although the reisolation success of entomopathogens could be significantly reduced, especially from smaller insect species. Trichoderma spp. were reisolated from mycoparasite-treated insects more frequently than C. rosea. The coapplication of the highly susceptible M. anisopliae generally enhanced mycoparasite recovery. Mycofungicide preparations caused some insect mortality but less than a copper hydroxide fungicide which is still permissible in organic agriculture. We concluded that the tested entomopathogens and mycoparasites are compatible elements of integrated pest management. JF - Biocontrol Science and Technology AU - Krauss, U AU - Hidalgo, E AU - Arroyo, C AU - Piper AD - CABI/CATIE/USDA Project, c/o Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE), 7170 Turrialba, Costa Rica, ukrauss@catie.ac.cr Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 331 EP - 346 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 0958-3157, 0958-3157 KW - Sugarcane borer KW - Entomology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Nymphs KW - Biological control KW - Clonostachys KW - Host range KW - Beauveria bassiana KW - Lecanicillium lecanii KW - Cosmopolites sordidus KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - Metarhizium anisopliae KW - Sitophilus oryzae KW - Diatraea saccharalis KW - Pathogenicity KW - Trichoderma harzianum KW - Pest control KW - Fungicides KW - A 01014:Others KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18008262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Interaction+Between+the+Entomopathogens+Beauveria+bassiana%2C+Metarhizium+anisopliae+and+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+and+the+Mycoparasites+Clonostachys+spp.%2C+Trichoderma+harzianum+and+Lecanicillium+lecanii&rft.au=Krauss%2C+U%3BHidalgo%2C+E%3BArroyo%2C+C%3BPiper&rft.aulast=Krauss&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biocontrol+Science+and+Technology&rft.issn=09583157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09583150410001665196 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium anisopliae; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Clonostachys; Trichoderma harzianum; Lecanicillium lecanii; Cosmopolites sordidus; Diatraea saccharalis; Sitophilus oryzae; Biological control; Fungicides; Pest control; Nymphs; Host range; Pathogenicity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583150410001665196 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of the Stem Pull Area of Mechanically Harvested Apples to Blue Mold Decay and Its Control with a Biocontrol Agent AN - 18003153; 5941012 AB - A new harvester, which uses a rapid displacement actuator on the main scaffolds to remove apples from trees with narrow-inclined trellises, has shown good potential. With this technique, stem loss (stempulls) during harvest ranges from 20 to 57%, depending on the cultivar. This can create a potential point of entry for pathogens. We evaluated the susceptibility of the stem cavity area, with and without stems, to blue mold decay (Penicillium expansum) on three cultivars of mechanically harvested apples, and tested the effectiveness of the antagonist Pseudomonas syringae (used in BioSave 110) in controlling decay. Fruit with stempulls were more susceptible to blue mold decay than fruit with stems. On fruit with stempulls inoculated with P. expansum and stored for 2 months at 1 degree C, decay incidence was 0% on 'Pink Lady', 8.3% on 'Ace Spur Delicious', and 41% on 'Empire'. On fruit with stems, there was no decay on all three cultivars. P. syringae reduced decay on 'Empire' with stempulls to 3.3%, and no decay occurred on the other two cultivars. Similar trends were observed on fruit stored at 22 degree C for 14 days, but the incidence of decay was higher, and only 'Pink Lady' had no decay on the antagonist-treated fruit. Although mechanical harvesting can predispose the stem cavity to decay in some cultivars, this problem can be alleviated using biological control without resorting to the use of synthetic pesticides. JF - Plant Disease AU - Janisiewicz, W J AU - Peterson, D L AD - USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA, wjanisie@afrs.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 662 EP - 664 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - apple KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Fruits KW - Disease control KW - Antagonists KW - Susceptibility KW - Penicillium expansum KW - Decay KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - Plant diseases KW - Stems KW - Pesticides KW - Harvesting KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General KW - A 01029:Post-harvest decay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18003153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+the+Stem+Pull+Area+of+Mechanically+Harvested+Apples+to+Blue+Mold+Decay+and+Its+Control+with+a+Biocontrol+Agent&rft.au=Janisiewicz%2C+W+J%3BPeterson%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Janisiewicz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=662&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Penicillium expansum; Pseudomonas syringae; Susceptibility; Stems; Plant diseases; Fruits; Decay; Biological control; Harvesting; Disease control; Pesticides; Antagonists ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of wash treatments for survival of foodborne pathogens and maintenance of quality characteristics of fresh-cut apple slices AN - 18001305; 5932395 AB - A commercial and three experimental wash treatments for fresh-cut apple slices were evaluated for their ability to affect survival of foodborne pathogens and to maintain quality characteristics measured instrumentally and by sensory analysis. For each apple variety (Fuji and Granny Smith), instrumental firmness, cut surface color, and sensory scores for firmness and flavor of fresh-cut apple slices treated with the commercial and experimental wash solutions were similarly maintained during storage (6 days at 5 degree C). Prior to their use with apple slices, all three experimental wash solutions reduced the survival of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium and Vibrio cholera by 5 logs or more and the experimental solution at pH 2.0 also reduced survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri by at least 5 logs, whereas the commercial wash solution had antibacterial activity only against V. cholera. During treatment of apple slices, the wash solutions changed compositionally over time as indicated by a decrease in conductivity, increases in soluble solids content and osmolality, and changes in pH; and they lost their antibacterial activity. Keeping microbial safety in view, wash solutions should not be reused on multiple batches of sliced apples. Instead, alternative washing strategies that maintain the antimicrobial properties of the wash solutions need to be developed for fresh-cut apple slices. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Bhagwat, A A AU - Saftner, R A AU - Abbott, JA AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 002, Room 117, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 319 EP - 326 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - apple KW - sensory analysis KW - osmolality KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Storage KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Flavor KW - Antibacterial activity KW - Conductivity KW - Escherichia coli KW - Washing KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - pH effects KW - Treatment KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18001305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+wash+treatments+for+survival+of+foodborne+pathogens+and+maintenance+of+quality+characteristics+of+fresh-cut+apple+slices&rft.au=Bhagwat%2C+A+A%3BSaftner%2C+R+A%3BAbbott%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Bhagwat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fm.2003.08.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella typhimurium; Escherichia coli; Vibrio cholerae; Washing; Treatment; Flavor; Conductivity; Storage; Antibacterial activity; pH effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2003.08.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Novel Coding Sequences Specific to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: Implications for Diagnosis of Johne's Disease AN - 18000929; 5929517 AB - Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's Disease, an economically important intestinal ailment of ruminants. Due to the considerable genetic and serologic cross-reactivity with closely related and ubiquitous members of the M. avium complex, a species-specific method for the serological diagnosis of Johne's disease is unavailable. Computational and PCR-based analysis of the complete genome sequence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis led to the identification of 13 open reading frames with no identifiable homologs. One of these sequences is a putative insertion element present in six copies on the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome. These novel M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genes were cloned into Escherichia coli expression vectors, and nine were successfully expressed as recombinant fusion proteins. Five of these proteins were purified in sufficient amounts to allow immunoblot analyses of their reactivity with sera from naturally infected cattle as well as mice and rabbits exposed to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Fusion proteins representing MAP0862, MAP3732c, and MAP2963c were recognized by nearly all of the sera tested, including those from cattle in the clinical stages of disease. Notably, further analysis of the protein encoded by MAP0862 showed that it reacted with sera from additional infected cattle but not with sera from uninfected control animals. The fusion product of MAP0860c did not react with any of the sera tested, while the remaining four proteins were variably recognized by sera from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cattle. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate the utility of genomic data to identify potential diagnostic sequences. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Paustian, M L AU - Amonsin, A AU - Kapur, V AU - Bannantine, J P AD - National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, 2300 North Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 2675 EP - 2681 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - MAP0862 gene KW - MAP2963c gene KW - MAP3732c gene KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genomes KW - Gene expression KW - Immunoblotting KW - Mycobacterium avium KW - Paratuberculosis KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Fusion protein KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18000929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Novel+Coding+Sequences+Specific+to+Mycobacterium+avium+subsp.+paratuberculosis%3A+Implications+for+Diagnosis+of+Johne%27s+Disease&rft.au=Paustian%2C+M+L%3BAmonsin%2C+A%3BKapur%2C+V%3BBannantine%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Paustian&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2675&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.6.2675-2681.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Genomes; Immunoblotting; Paratuberculosis; Polymerase chain reaction; Fusion protein; Mycobacterium avium; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.6.2675-2681.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Primers for identification and polymorphism assessment of Vespertilionid bats in the Pacific Northwest AN - 17995123; 5948224 AB - Species-specific primers for portions of the mitochondrial DNA 16S ribosomal subunit gene were designed to identify bats of the family Vespertilionidae (Mammalia). Two fragments, each of 190 base pairs, were found to contain sufficient genetic variability to consistently resolve 10 of the 14 Pacific Northwest species included in this study. The remaining four species could be resolved into two sets of paired species that were unique from the other 10 species. These primers are demonstrably useful for purposes of surveys designed for species identification of bats, including using DNA extracted from guano collected from roost sites when bats are absent. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Zinck, J M AU - Duffield, DA AU - Ormsbee, P C AD - Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA, United States Forest Service, 211 E. 7th Street, Eugene, Oregon, 97401, USA, zinckj@pdx.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 239 EP - 242 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - Vespertilionid bats KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - ribosomal subunit 16S KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Polymorphism KW - Genetic diversity KW - Primers KW - Vespertilionidae KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - D 04672:Mammals KW - G 07389:Chiroptera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17995123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Primers+for+identification+and+polymorphism+assessment+of+Vespertilionid+bats+in+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.au=Zinck%2C+J+M%3BDuffield%2C+DA%3BOrmsbee%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Zinck&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1471-8286.2004.00629.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vespertilionidae; USA, Pacific Northwest; Genetic diversity; Polymorphism; ribosomal subunit 16S; Primers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00629.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retail meat and poultry as a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli AN - 17993654; 5932393 AB - The purpose of this review article is to summarize steadily accruing evidence from around the world which indicate retail meat and poultry are a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli. The majority of E. coli recovered from retail meat and poultry have been found resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and an increasing proportion have been found resistant to clinically important, frontline antimicrobials, including trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins. Continued surveillance throughout the food production continuum is needed to detect emerging resistance phenotypes. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Schroeder, C M AU - White, D G AU - Meng, J AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20301, USA, carl.schroeder@fsis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 249 EP - 255 PB - Elsevier Ltd VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - antimicrobial resistance KW - meat KW - poultry KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Cephalosporins KW - Poultry KW - Trimethoprim KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Sulfamethoxazole KW - Food KW - Surveillance KW - Meat KW - Reviews KW - Escherichia coli KW - Reservoirs KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17993654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Retail+meat+and+poultry+as+a+reservoir+of+antimicrobial-resistant+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Schroeder%2C+C+M%3BWhite%2C+D+G%3BMeng%2C+J&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0740-0020%2803%2900074-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Meat; Cephalosporins; Trimethoprim; Poultry; Sulfamethoxazole; Fluoroquinolones; Food; Reservoirs; Surveillance; Reviews; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0740-0020(03)00074-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting the Occurrence of Rare Mollusks in Northern California Forests AN - 17992580; 5936089 AB - Terrestrial mollusks are important components of forest ecosystems, yet we know very little about the distribution and habitat of many of these species. We sampled for terrestrial mollusks in northern California with the goal of estimating the geographic ranges and developing predictive habitat models for five species that were assumed to be sensitive to land management activities. The species of interest were Ancotrema voyanum, Helminthoglypta talmadgei, Monadenia churchi, Monadenia fidelis klamathica, and M. f. ochromphalus. We randomly selected 308 plots for sampling from a grid of points across a 2.2 million-ha study area. We used Generalized Additive Models to estimate each mollusk's geographic range and to develop predictive habitat models within their ranges. Models were developed at one microscale (1 ha) and six mesoscales (ranging from 12.5 to 1250 ha) using vegetation, physical, climatic, and spatial location covariates. Estimated geographic ranges varied from 4770 to 15,795 km super(2). Predictive habitat models explained from 40.8% to 94.5% of the deviance in models describing the species' occurrences. Models at the 1-ha scale were generally better than models at larger spatial scales. Of the six mesoscales evaluated, the "best" models were often at very large scales. Spatial location and climatic variables contributed significantly to the predictions of occurrence for most species. Models for species with small geographic ranges generally appeared to be better than models for species with larger geographic ranges, possibly reflecting more restricted environmental conditions. Cross-validation results, however, showed that models for species with more locations were more stable. A. voyanum was more frequently associated with late-successional forests and M. churchi was found to be a habitat generalist. The remaining three species were not detected enough for us to make strong conclusions about their habitat associations. Our results provide important guidance to land managers who are responsible for determining the necessity for surveys and protective measures for these and other terrestrial mollusk species prior to land management activities. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Dunk, J R AU - Zielinski, W J AU - Preisler, H K AD - Redwood Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, California 95521, USA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 713 EP - 729 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Klamath sideband KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Monadenia churchi KW - Biogeography KW - Ancotrema voyanum KW - Ecosystem management KW - Forests KW - Monadenia fidelis ochromphalus KW - Rare species KW - USA, California KW - Monadenia fidelis klamathica KW - Helminthoglypta talmadgei KW - Models KW - D 04658:Molluscs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17992580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Predicting+the+Occurrence+of+Rare+Mollusks+in+Northern+California+Forests&rft.au=Dunk%2C+J+R%3BZielinski%2C+W+J%3BPreisler%2C+H+K&rft.aulast=Dunk&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ancotrema voyanum; Helminthoglypta talmadgei; Monadenia churchi; Monadenia fidelis klamathica; Monadenia fidelis ochromphalus; USA, California; Rare species; Forests; Biogeography; Models; Ecosystem management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genome sequence of the lignocellulose degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78 AN - 17992331; 5940197 AB - White rot fungi efficiently degrade lignin, a complex aromatic polymer in wood that is among the most abundant natural materials on earth. These fungi use extracellular oxidative enzymes that are also able to transform related aromatic compounds found in explosive contaminants, pesticides and toxic waste. We have sequenced the 30-million base-pair genome of Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78 using a whole genome shotgun approach. The P. chrysosporium genome reveals an impressive array of genes encoding secreted oxidases, peroxidases and hydrolytic enzymes that cooperate in wood decay. Analysis of the genome data will enhance our understanding of lignocellulose degradation, a pivotal process in the global carbon cycle, and provide a framework for further development of bioprocesses for biomass utilization, organopollutant degradation and fiber bleaching. This genome provides a high quality draft sequence of a basidiomycete, a major fungal phylum that includes important plant and animal pathogens. JF - Nature Biotechnology AU - Martinez, D AU - Larrondo, L F AU - Putnam, N AU - Gelpke, MDS AU - Huang, K AU - Chapman, J AU - Helfenbein, K G AU - Ramaiya, P AU - Detter, J C AU - Larimer, F AU - Coutinho, P M AU - Henrissat, B AU - Berka, R AU - Cullen, D AU - Rokhsar, D AD - USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA, dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 695 EP - 700 VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 1087-0156, 1087-0156 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - Biodegradation KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Pollutants KW - Biomass KW - White rot KW - lignocellulose KW - Lignin KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17992331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Genome+sequence+of+the+lignocellulose+degrading+fungus+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium+strain+RP78&rft.au=Martinez%2C+D%3BLarrondo%2C+L+F%3BPutnam%2C+N%3BGelpke%2C+MDS%3BHuang%2C+K%3BChapman%2C+J%3BHelfenbein%2C+K+G%3BRamaiya%2C+P%3BDetter%2C+J+C%3BLarimer%2C+F%3BCoutinho%2C+P+M%3BHenrissat%2C+B%3BBerka%2C+R%3BCullen%2C+D%3BRokhsar%2C+D&rft.aulast=Martinez&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10870156&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnbt967 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phanerochaete chrysosporium; lignocellulose; Lignin; Biomass; Pollutants; Biodegradation; White rot; Nucleotide sequence DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt967 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymorphic microsatellite markers for inferring diversity in wild and domesticated sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ) AN - 17983837; 5948225 AB - Eight microsatellite loci were characterized within two cultivated beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) accessions and one accession of the wild progenitor of domesticated sugar beet, Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima. Allele diversity was high, yielding two to 11 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values obtained for these eight loci where also high and indicate the highly informative nature of the microsatellites presented here. These described markers add to a small set of publicly available microsatellite markers for beet and will be instrumental in identifying patterns of genetic diversity and origins of domestication. JF - Molecular Ecology Notes AU - Richards, C M AU - Brownson, M AU - Mitchell, SE AU - Kresovich, S AU - Panella, L AD - USDA ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO, USA, chris.richards@coldstate.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 243 EP - 245 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1471-8278, 1471-8278 KW - sugar beet KW - Ecology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Genetic markers KW - Beta vulgaris KW - Microsatellites KW - Genetic diversity KW - Primers KW - Domestication KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17983837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.atitle=Polymorphic+microsatellite+markers+for+inferring+diversity+in+wild+and+domesticated+sugar+beet+%28Beta+vulgaris+%29&rft.au=Richards%2C+C+M%3BBrownson%2C+M%3BMitchell%2C+SE%3BKresovich%2C+S%3BPanella%2C+L&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Ecology+Notes&rft.issn=14718278&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1471-8286.2004.00630.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Beta vulgaris; Genetic diversity; Domestication; Microsatellites; Genetic markers; Primers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00630.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transmission, In Planta Distribution, and Management of Hibiscus latent Fort Pierce virus, a Novel Tobamovirus Isolated from Florida Hibiscus AN - 17981481; 5941015 AB - Three aspects of the infection process of a new tobamovirus species, Hibiscus latent Fort Pierce virus, recently isolated from hibiscus in Florida, were examined: (i) transmission efficiency of rub-, slash-, and cut-inoculation for two hibiscus cultivars, Pink Versicolor and Brilliant Red; (ii) distribution within infected hibiscus plants; and (iii) treatments to prevent infection during plant propagation and pruning. Rub-, slash-, and cut-inoculation methods were all effective and yielded infection rates of 66, 74, and 70%, respectively, in Pink Versicolor and 50, 56, and 38%, respectively, in Brilliant Red. Analysis of virus distribution in infected plants over time revealed that the virus moved from the place of inoculation to the roots and then toward the bottom (oldest) leaves of the plants. Virus was found in all leaves on branches of Brilliant Red plants at 210 days postinoculation, whereas it remained restricted to the bottom and middle leaves of Pink Versicolor plants at 290 days postinoculation. Although several treatments of tools reduced infection of hibiscus during experiments mimicking plant propagation and pruning, 10% (wt/vol) sodium hypochlorite and 20% (wt/vol) nonfat dry milk completely prevented infection. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kamenova, I AU - Adkins, S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA, SAdkins@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 674 EP - 679 VL - 88 IS - 6 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Hibiscus KW - USA, Florida KW - Disease control KW - Isolation KW - Disease transmission KW - Distribution KW - Plant diseases KW - Leaves KW - Sodium hypochlorite KW - Hibiscus latent Fort Pierce virus KW - Inoculation KW - Pruning KW - Propagation KW - Tobamovirus KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22186:Transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17981481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Transmission%2C+In+Planta+Distribution%2C+and+Management+of+Hibiscus+latent+Fort+Pierce+virus%2C+a+Novel+Tobamovirus+Isolated+from+Florida+Hibiscus&rft.au=Kamenova%2C+I%3BAdkins%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kamenova&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tobamovirus; Hibiscus; Hibiscus latent Fort Pierce virus; USA, Florida; Sodium hypochlorite; Leaves; Propagation; Inoculation; Disease transmission; Isolation; Pruning; Disease control; Plant diseases; Distribution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Double-crested Cormorant Movements in Relation to Aquaculture in Eastern Mississippi and Western Alabama AN - 17979136; 5940059 AB - Concomitant with increasing numbers of the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), catfish producers in eastern Mississippi and western Alabama have reported damage caused by cormorant predation. VHF telemetry was used to document movements of 25 cormorants from all known night roosts in the aquaculture producing areas of eastern Mississippi and western Alabama, January-April 1998. A total of 193 day locations and 396 night roost locations of the cormorants were obtained. Each cormorant was found in the study area for 57 plus or minus 4 (SE) days. Each cormorant averaged three night roosts (range: 1-8) and spent 20 ( plus or minus 2) days at each night roost site. Over 95% of cormorant day locations were within 19 km of their night roosts. Catfish pond use by cormorants varied between roost sites. Cormorants from five of eleven night roosts had greater than or equal to 30% of subsequent daytime locations on catfish ponds and birds from five of the six remaining night roosts did not visit catfish ponds on the following day. Foraging distance and frequency of night roost interchange was less for birds in this study than those reported from other aquaculture regions. We suggest roost harassment efforts should be focused on specific roost sites and some roost sites should serve as unharrassed refugia from which cormorants are less likely to cause damage to aquaculture. JF - Waterbirds AU - Dorr, B AU - King, D T AU - Tobin, ME AU - Harrel, J B AU - Smith, P L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, brian.s.dorr@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 147 EP - 154 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 1524-4695, 1524-4695 KW - Channel catfish KW - Double-crested cormorant KW - Graceful catfish KW - Roost harassment KW - Roosting behaviour KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Food organisms KW - Wildlife management KW - Predators KW - Cultured organisms KW - Freshwater KW - Habitat selection KW - Freshwater fish KW - Aquaculture KW - Radio-tagging KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - USA, Alabama KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Aquaculture techniques KW - Phalacrocorax auritus KW - Biotelemetry KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Feeding migrations KW - Roosting behavior KW - Predator prey interactions KW - Movements KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Freshwater aquaculture KW - Activity patterns KW - Aquatic birds KW - Fish ponds KW - Q1 08483:Species interactions: general KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Y 25656:Birds KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17979136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waterbirds&rft.atitle=Double-crested+Cormorant+Movements+in+Relation+to+Aquaculture+in+Eastern+Mississippi+and+Western+Alabama&rft.au=Dorr%2C+B%3BKing%2C+D+T%3BTobin%2C+ME%3BHarrel%2C+J+B%3BSmith%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Dorr&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waterbirds&rft.issn=15244695&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food organisms; Predators; Cultured organisms; Freshwater fish; Habitat selection; Ecosystem disturbance; Biotelemetry; Feeding migrations; Interspecific relationships; Predator prey interactions; Freshwater aquaculture; Activity patterns; Aquatic birds; Aquaculture techniques; Fish ponds; Wildlife management; Roosting behavior; Movements; Radio-tagging; Aquaculture; Phalacrocorax auritus; Ictalurus punctatus; USA, Alabama; USA, Mississippi; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A quantitative risk assessment model for Salmonella and whole chickens AN - 17972221; 5913967 AB - Existing data and predictive models were used to define the input settings of a previously developed but modified quantitative risk assessment model (QRAM) for Salmonella and whole chickens. The QRAM was constructed in an Excel spreadsheet and was simulated using Risk. The retail-to-table pathway was modeled as a series of unit operations and associated pathogen events that included initial contamination at retail, growth during consumer transport, thermal inactivation during cooking, cross-contamination during serving, and dose response after consumption. Published data as well as predictive models for growth and thermal inactivation of Salmonella were used to establish input settings. Noncontaminated chickens were simulated so that the QRAM could predict changes in the incidence of Salmonella contamination. The incidence of Salmonella contamination changed from 30% at retail to 0.16% after cooking to 4% at consumption. Salmonella growth on chickens during consumer transport was the only pathogen event that did not impact the risk of salmonellosis. For the scenario simulated, the QRAM predicted 0.44 cases of salmonellosis per 100, 000 consumers, which was consistent with recent epidemiological data that indicate a rate of 0.66-0.88 cases of salmonellosis per 100, 000 consumers of chicken. Although the QRAM was in agreement with the epidemiological data, surrogate data and models were used, assumptions were made, and potentially important unit operations and pathogen events were not included because of data gaps and thus, further refinement of the QRAM is needed. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Oscar, T P AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, 1124 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA, toscar@umes.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 231 EP - 247 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - cross-contamination KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Risk assessment KW - Poultry KW - poultry KW - Food contamination KW - Salmonella KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17972221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=A+quantitative+risk+assessment+model+for+Salmonella+and+whole+chickens&rft.au=Oscar%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Oscar&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijfoodmicro.2003.12.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Food contamination; poultry; Risk assessment; Poultry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.12.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation and prediction of shrub cover in coastal Oregon forests (USA) AN - 17946237; 5899540 AB - We used data from regional forest inventories and research programs, coupled with mapped climatic and topographic information, to explore relationships and develop multiple linear regression (MLR) and regression tree models for total and deciduous shrub cover in the Oregon coastal province. Results from both types of models indicate that forest structure variables were most important for explaining both total and deciduous shrub cover. Four relationships were noted: (1) shrub cover was negatively associated with Tsuga heterophylla basal area and density of shade-tolerant trees; (2) shrub cover was negatively associated with variables that characteristically peak during stem exclusion and mid- succession; (3) shrub cover was positively associated with variables that characterize later successional stages; and (4) higher total and especially deciduous shrub cover were positively associated with hardwood stands. Environmental variables were more important for explaining deciduous shrub cover compared to total shrub cover, but they have an indirect effect on total shrub cover by influencing tree composition. However, because of land ownership patterns, it was difficult to decouple environmental from disturbance factors associated with management strategies across multiple ownerships. Tree models performed similarly (PRD=0.17-0.27) or better compared to MLR models (PRD=0.17- 0.23) although they contained more (2) predictor variables. Our results indicate that response variable transformation can greatly improve regression tree model performance. While interpretation of MLR and tree models were somewhat similar, the tree models allowed a more explicit understanding of relationships and provided thresholds for anticipating shifts in shrub cover. Such thresholds are useful to forest managers who are monitoring and evaluating critical amounts of shrub cover necessary for different ecosystem components such as bird habitat. Lack of strong predictive power in both types of models may be because many common shrubs can persist and maintain consistent cover under a variety of stand and environmental conditions or there may be a lag time between disturbance events and shrub response. The stochastic nature of disturbance and their interactions with site conditions also makes prediction at this scale in this highly managed landscape inherently problematic. Yet, our models provide both a predictive and conceptual tool for understanding shrub cover patterns across the region. JF - Ecological Indicators AU - Kerns, B K AU - Ohmann, J L AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, bkerns@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 83 EP - 98 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1470-160X, 1470-160X KW - Western hemlock KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Shrubs KW - Coastal environments KW - Forests KW - USA, Oregon KW - Tsuga heterophylla KW - Methodology KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17946237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Indicators&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+prediction+of+shrub+cover+in+coastal+Oregon+forests+%28USA%29&rft.au=Kerns%2C+B+K%3BOhmann%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Kerns&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Indicators&rft.issn=1470160X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2003.12.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tsuga heterophylla; USA, Oregon; Methodology; Forests; Shrubs; Coastal environments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2003.12.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - History, Residue, and Tillage Effects on Erosion of Loessial Soil AN - 17882796; 6072630 AB - Studies have shown that no-till (NT) management reduces soil erosion relative to chisel/disk-tillage (CT) and that this benefit may increase over time. There are fewer data, however, to separate the erosion-reduction contributions of surface residue mulch from those of improved soil properties under NT. The objective of this study was to quantify these separate contributions for a silt loam soil (Glossic Fragiudalf) used for corn (Zea mays L.) production in northern Mississippi for five to ten years with either CT or NT. The experiment had ten treatments. Two were normal CT and NT managements in which a crop was planted but had not emerged prior to simulated rainfall. The other eight treatments had surface crop residues removed and comprised a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of two tillage histories (CTh or NTh), two levels of tillage immediately prior to rainfall simulation (disturbed or not disturbed), and two levels of residue removal (residue removed just prior to simulated rainfall or residue removed one year prior to simulated rainfall). Simulated rainfall was applied at a rate of 65 mm h super(-1) in a three-storm sequence on 10.7 x 3.7 m areas. NT exhibited greater runoff but much lower sediment losses than CT. Residue removal doubled erosion for both tillage histories. Surface disturbance decreased runoff from the first storm following tillage but increased total soil loss 26% to 47%. With residues removed, long-term NTh resulted in one-third the soil loss of CTh, and similar benefits were observed with or without surface disturbance. This residual benefit of NTh was lost within one year of fallow after residue removal. These results demonstrate that the erosion resistance of NT areas is due to both residue cover and improved soil quality factors. Although the erosion-resisting soil quality factors developed over several years of NT management may be lost within a single year of fallow management, these factors may protect the soil from excessive erosion if NT fields that must occasionally be tilled are quickly returned to NT management. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Dabney, S M AU - Wilson, G V AU - McGregor, K C AU - Foster, G R AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, USA, sdabney@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 767 EP - 775 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Sediment Erosion KW - Land Management KW - Storm Runoff KW - Silt KW - Loam KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Tillage KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Soil Properties KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Erosion KW - Benefits KW - Runoff KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17882796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=History%2C+Residue%2C+and+Tillage+Effects+on+Erosion+of+Loessial+Soil&rft.au=Dabney%2C+S+M%3BWilson%2C+G+V%3BMcGregor%2C+K+C%3BFoster%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Dabney&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=767&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment Erosion; Storm Runoff; Land Management; Silt; Loam; Simulated Rainfall; Tillage; Agricultural Practices; Cultivated Lands; Soil Properties; Soil Erosion; Benefits; Runoff ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using An IBI To Assess Effectiveness Of Mitigation Measures To Replace Loss Of A Wetland-Stream Ecosystem AN - 17865704; 6053234 AB - Approximately 7.3 hectares of wetlands, composed of six separate cells, were created to mitigate the loss of a 6-hectare, beaver-influenced, wetland-stream complex destroyed by the construction of a multi-purpose impoundment in the Cedar Run watershed in Fauquier County, Virginia, USA. The mitigation action physically replaced the lost wetlands and was judged successful in meeting planned objectives and regulatory requirements (which did not include standards for biota). A pre-project fish survey conducted in 1974 in the wetland-stream complex and three nearby streams provided a baseline condition from which to assess project impacts on fish, as determined from yearly surveys in the cells and the stream reach immediately upstream. In addition, fish communities were sampled at 157 stream locations within the northern Virginia Piedmont from 1997 to 1999 to establish a regional Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) based on fish assemblages. A modification of that IBI was developed to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation based on 22 stream segments that were heavily influenced by beaver. Pre- and post-project conditions were assessed by gauging them against the wetland-stream complexes using this IBI. The IBI score for the mitigation area dropped from the pre-project 34 to 18 the first year after construction and ranged from 18 to 28 over the ten-year post-project monitoring period. A reduction in the number of native species was observed, and there was a dramatic shift in composition and relative abundance within key species groups. In general, the mitigation benefited species favoring lentic environments over those preferring lotic environments and had negative effects on trophic and habitat specialists and less tolerant species. Scores for the mitigation cells were lower than scores for the original wetlands for the following IBI metrics: number of darter species, number of minnow species, percent of the assemblage comprised of the single most dominant species, percent of tolerant individuals, percent of benthic invertivores, and percent of specialist carnivores minus tolerants. Upstream reach IBI scores also diminished over the same 10-year period, although more gradually. The IBI showed that, despite meeting all regulatory requirements, the mitigation failed to replace the original fish community in the wetland-stream complex and adversely impacted additional stream habitat. Using tools such as an IBI to monitor biological condition can help planners effectively mitigate unavoidable project impacts and avoid the unintended loss of important natural resources caused by compensatory mitigation actions. JF - Wetlands AU - Teels, B M AU - Mazanti, LE AU - Rewa, CA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Wetland Science Institute 12311 Beech Forest Road Laurel, Maryland, USA 20708-4014 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 375 EP - 384 PB - The Society of Wetland Scientists VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Lentic Environment KW - Ecosystems KW - Abundance KW - Man-induced effects KW - Etheostoma KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Artificial Wetlands KW - Streams KW - Beavers KW - Restoration KW - Habitats KW - Natural Resources KW - Baseline studies KW - Lotic environment KW - Ecosystem management KW - Wetlands KW - Reservoirs KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Biological surveys KW - Construction KW - Carnivores KW - Surveys KW - USA, Virginia KW - Habitat KW - Indigenous species KW - Dominant species KW - Community composition KW - Aquatic Habitats KW - Natural resources KW - Species diversity KW - Impoundments KW - Lotic Environment KW - Standards KW - Fish Populations KW - Lentic environment KW - Monitoring KW - D 04700:Management KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17865704?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Using+An+IBI+To+Assess+Effectiveness+Of+Mitigation+Measures+To+Replace+Loss+Of+A+Wetland-Stream+Ecosystem&rft.au=Teels%2C+B+M%3BMazanti%2C+LE%3BRewa%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Teels&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0277-5212%282004%290242.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Environmental monitoring; Abundance; Man-induced effects; Watersheds; Restoration; Dominant species; Community composition; Baseline studies; Lotic environment; Natural resources; Impoundments; Species diversity; Ecosystem management; Wetlands; Lentic environment; Indigenous species; Carnivores; Habitat; Streams; Lentic Environment; Ecosystems; Construction; Surveys; Artificial Wetlands; Beavers; Natural Resources; Habitats; Aquatic Habitats; Lotic Environment; Standards; Fish Populations; Monitoring; Reservoirs; Etheostoma; USA, Virginia; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0277-5212(2004)024<0375:UAITAE>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the Consequences of Nonnative Trout in Headwater Ecosystems in Western North America AN - 17849827; 5980994 AB - Intentional introductions of nonnative trout into headwater lakes and streams can have numerous effects on the receiving ecosystems, potentially threatening native species and disrupting key ecological processes. In this perspective, we focus on seven key issues for assessing the biological and economic consequences of nonnative trout in headwater ecosystems: (1) effects of nonnative trout can span multiple biological domains, (2) effects of nonnative trout can extend beyond waters where they are introduced, (3) nonnative trout do not travel alone, (4) not all habitats are equal, (5) ecosystems vary in their resistance and resilience to nonnative trout, (6) prioritization can improve management of nonnative trout, and (7) economic costs of recreational fisheries in headwater ecosystems can be substantial. Assessments that address these issues could provide more effective guidance for determining where recreational fisheries for nonnative trout are justified in headwater ecosystems and where they might be terminated to support other ecosystem values. JF - Fisheries AU - Dunham, J B AU - Pilliod, D S AU - Young, M K AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station in Boise, ID, USA, jbdunham@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 18 EP - 24 VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0363-2415, 0363-2415 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - North America KW - Environmental impact KW - Man-induced effects KW - Rare species KW - Freshwater KW - Streams KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Indigenous species KW - Lakes KW - North America, West KW - Fishery management KW - Fisheries KW - Cost analysis KW - Depleted stocks KW - Nature conservation KW - Invasive species KW - Introduced species KW - Ecosystem assessment KW - Q1 08601:General KW - M3 1140:Biodiversity KW - Q5 08522:Protective measures and control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17849827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fisheries&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+Consequences+of+Nonnative+Trout+in+Headwater+Ecosystems+in+Western+North+America&rft.au=Dunham%2C+J+B%3BPilliod%2C+D+S%3BYoung%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Dunham&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fisheries&rft.issn=03632415&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lakes; Fishery management; Depleted stocks; Cost analysis; Fisheries; Environmental impact; Nature conservation; Man-induced effects; Rare species; Introduced species; Ecosystem disturbance; Indigenous species; Invasive species; Streams; Ecosystem assessment; North America; North America, West; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Longevity of cryogenically stored seeds AN - 17795638; 5957967 AB - Though cryogenic storage is presumed to provide nearly infinite longevity to cells, the actual shelf life achieved under ultra-cold temperatures has not been addressed theoretically or empirically. Here, we report measurable changes in germination of dried seeds stored under liquid nitrogen conditions for >10 years. There was considerable variability in the extent of deterioration among species and accessions within a species. Aging time courses for lettuce seeds stored at temperatures between 50 and -196 degree C were fit to a form of the Avrami equation to determine rate coefficients and predict half-life of accessions. A reduction in the temperature dependency on aging rate, determined as a break in the Arrhenius plot, occurred at about -15 degree C, and this resulted in faster deterioration than anticipated from extrapolation of kinetics measured at higher temperatures. The break in Arrhenius behavior occurred at temperatures in between the glass transition temperature (28 degree C) and the Kauzmann temperature (-42 degree C) and also coincided with a major triacylglycerol phase change (-40 to -7 degree C). In spite of the faster than anticipated deterioration, cryogenic storage clearly prolonged shelf life of lettuce seeds with half-lives projected as similar to 500 and similar to 3400 years for fresh lettuce seeds stored in the vapor and liquid phases of liquid nitrogen, respectively. The benefit of low temperature storage (-18 or -135 degree C) on seed longevity was progressively lost if seeds were first stored at 5 degree C. Collectively, these results demonstrate that lowering storage temperature progressively increases longevity of seeds. However, cryogenic temperatures were not sufficient to stop deterioration, especially if initial stages of aging were allowed to progress at higher storage temperatures. This work contributes to reliable assessments of the potential benefit and cost of different genebanking strategies. JF - Cryobiology AU - Walters, C AU - Wheeler, L AU - Stanwood, P C AD - USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 So. Mason St, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA, chrisv@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 229 EP - 244 VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0011-2240, 0011-2240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Aging KW - Shelf life KW - Mathematics KW - Vapors KW - Triglycerides KW - Cryogenics KW - Germination KW - Temperature effects KW - Seeds KW - Cryopreservation KW - Longevity KW - Nitrogen KW - W2 32225:Cryoprerservation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17795638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cryobiology&rft.atitle=Longevity+of+cryogenically+stored+seeds&rft.au=Walters%2C+C%3BWheeler%2C+L%3BStanwood%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cryobiology&rft.issn=00112240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cryobiol.2004.01.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Seeds; Longevity; Aging; Cryogenics; Nitrogen; Shelf life; Germination; Mathematics; Vapors; Triglycerides; Cryopreservation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2004.01.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diet Composition of Coyotes in the Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio AN - 17792126; 6073069 AB - The diet and food habits of coyotes (Canis latrans) in Ohio's Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CVNP) were examined by analyzing 50 scat samples collected during coyote population surveys between February 1998-March 1999. The Cuyahoga Valley National Park, a 13,770-hectare public-use park surrounded by residential communities, is located between Cleveland and Akron, OH. The park had over 3 million visitors in 1999, and is suffering from the pressures of increased urbanization in surrounding areas. Coyotes were first documented in the CVNP during the 1980s, and since then public interactions with coyotes have increased. The coyote is the top predator in the CVNP, yet little is known about its diet in this area. Meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) was the predominant food item found in 28% of scats collected. Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) occurred in 20% of scats. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) was found in 18% of scats. Also identified were beetle (Coleoptera), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), grasshopper (Caelifera), woodpecker (Picoides sp.), seeds (Panicum sp.), and nuts (Fagus grandifolia) in coyote diet. It is important to note that though white-tailed deer occurred frequently in coyote diet, further investigation indicates that they are mainly scavenged as carrion. JF - Ohio Journal of Science AU - Cepek, J D AD - USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, Plum Brook Station, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 60 EP - 64 VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0030-0950, 0030-0950 KW - Beetles KW - Raccoon KW - Muskrat KW - Coyote KW - Meadow vole KW - Eastern cottontail KW - White-tailed deer KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Picoides KW - Seeds KW - Sylvilagus floridanus KW - Urbanization KW - Caelifera KW - Coleoptera KW - Ondatra zibethicus KW - National parks KW - Nuts KW - Predators KW - Canis latrans KW - Panicum KW - Microtus pennsylvanicus KW - Procyon lotor KW - USA, Ohio KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17792126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.atitle=Diet+Composition+of+Coyotes+in+the+Cuyahoga+Valley+National+Park%2C+Ohio&rft.au=Cepek%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Cepek&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ohio+Journal+of+Science&rft.issn=00300950&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coleoptera; Procyon lotor; Ondatra zibethicus; Panicum; Canis latrans; Microtus pennsylvanicus; Sylvilagus floridanus; Picoides; Odocoileus virginianus; Caelifera; USA, Ohio; Diets; National parks; Urbanization; Predators; Seeds; Nuts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological Genetics of Vernalization Response in Bromus tectorum L. (Poaceae) AN - 17791513; 6110610 AB - Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass or downy brome) is an exotic annual grass that is dominant over large areas of former shrubland in western North America. To flower in time for seed production in early summer, B. tectorum plants generally require vernalization at winter temperatures, either as imbibed seeds or as established seedlings. Variation in response to increasing periods of vernalization as seeds or seedlings for progeny of ten full-sib families from each of four B. tectorum populations from contrasting habitats was studied. As vernalization was increased from 0 to 10 weeks, the proportion of plants flowering within 20 weeks increased, weeks to initiation of flowering decreased, and seed yield per plant increased, regardless of whether plants were vernalized as seeds or seedlings. Most of the variation was accounted for by differences among populations. Plants of the warm desert population flowered promptly even without vernalization, while those of the cold desert, foothill and montane populations showed incremental changes in response variables as a function of vernalization period. Populations differed in among-family variance, with the warm desert population generally showing the least variance and the cold desert population the most. Variation among populations and among families within populations decreased as vernalization period increased, whereas the non-genetic component of variance showed no such pattern. JF - Annals of Botany AU - Meyer, SE AU - Nelson, D L AU - Carlson, S L AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Shrub Sciences Laboratory, Provo, UT, USA, smeyer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 653 EP - 663 VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0305-7364, 0305-7364 KW - Grasses KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Flowering KW - vernalization KW - North America KW - Seeds KW - Deserts KW - Poaceae KW - Bromus tectorum KW - Progeny KW - Seedlings KW - Ecological genetics KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17791513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Ecological+Genetics+of+Vernalization+Response+in+Bromus+tectorum+L.+%28Poaceae%29&rft.au=Meyer%2C+SE%3BNelson%2C+D+L%3BCarlson%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Botany&rft.issn=03057364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bromus tectorum; Poaceae; North America; vernalization; Seeds; Deserts; Seedlings; Flowering; Ecological genetics; Progeny ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tracking Movements of Individual Anoplophora Glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Adults: Application of Harmonic Radar AN - 17757805; 6053033 AB - Movements of 55 Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) adults were monitored on 200 willow trees, Salix babylonica L., at a site approximately 80 km southeast of Beijing, China, for 9-14 d in an individual mark-recapture study using harmonic radar. The average movement distance was approximately 14 m, with many beetles not moving at all and others moving >90 m. The rate of movement averaged almost 3 m per day. Movement patterns differed strikingly between the sexes: males averaged >6 times the total movement distance of females at approximately 2 times their rate. The overall recapture rate in this short-term experiment was 78%, but the radar tags attached to individual beetles often broke or otherwise were rendered undetectable after several days in the field. Currently, the harmonic radar system is useful for tracking beetles and obtaining estimates of their movement rates over short time periods. It will become useful for longer-term studies as more durable tags are developed. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Williams, D W AU - Li, G AU - Gao, R AD - Current address: USDA-APHIS, Pest Survey, Detection and Exclusion Laboratory, Bldg. 1398, Otis ANGB, MA 02542. david.w, williams@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 644 EP - 649 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Harmonic radar KW - Asian longhorned beetle KW - Long-horned beetles KW - Weeping willow KW - Willows KW - Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Cerambycidae KW - Anoplophora glabripennis KW - Salicaceae KW - Marking and tracking techniques KW - Movements KW - China, People's Rep. KW - Salix babylonica KW - D 04001:Methodology - general KW - Y 25863:Insects KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17757805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Tracking+Movements+of+Individual+Anoplophora+Glabripennis+%28Coleoptera%3A+Cerambycidae%29+Adults%3A+Application+of+Harmonic+Radar&rft.au=Williams%2C+D+W%3BLi%2C+G%3BGao%2C+R&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=644 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anoplophora glabripennis; Cerambycidae; Salix babylonica; Salicaceae; China, People's Rep.; Movements; Marking and tracking techniques DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0644:TMOIAG>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dispersal and size fractionation of embryogenic callus increases the frequency of embryo maturation and conversion in hybrid tea roses AN - 17752901; 6014532 AB - Plant regeneration from embryogenic cells of two Rosa hybrida cultivars, Kardinal and Classy, was increased by dispersing embryogenic callus in liquid medium for 3 h followed by size-fractionation to isolate proembryogenic masses that were smaller than 530 mu m. Dispersed callus of three cultivars, Kardinal, Classy, and Tineke, produced 61-135 cotyledonary-stage embryos/100 mg fresh weight (FW) as compared to intact callus that had not been dispersed, which produced only zero to three cotyledonary-stage embryos/100 mg FW. Over 500 cotyledonary-stage embryos/100 mg FW callus developed from proembryogenic masses of Kardinal, Classy, and Tineke following 2 months of culture on solidified Murashige and Skoog's basal salts medium supplemented with 0.25% activated charcoal. Cotyledonary-stage embryos of Classy that developed from both dispersed callus and fractionated cells of various sizes showed a significantly higher conversion frequency to plants (28%) than cotyledonary-stage embryos isolated from intact callus (9%). The highest conversion frequencies for Kardinal (50-58%) occurred from cotyledonary-stage embryos that developed from dispersed callus and from the fraction of cells smaller than 850 mu m. JF - Plant Cell Reports AU - Kamo, K AU - Jones, B AU - Castillon, J AU - Bolar, J AU - Smith, F AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, B-010A Room 238, BARC West, MD 20705, Beltsville, USA, Kamok@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 787 EP - 792 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 22 IS - 11 SN - 0721-7714, 0721-7714 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Charcoal KW - Salts KW - Plant cells KW - Hybrids KW - Rosa KW - Cell culture KW - Embryos KW - Callus KW - Dispersal KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17752901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.atitle=Dispersal+and+size+fractionation+of+embryogenic+callus+increases+the+frequency+of+embryo+maturation+and+conversion+in+hybrid+tea+roses&rft.au=Kamo%2C+K%3BJones%2C+B%3BCastillon%2C+J%3BBolar%2C+J%3BSmith%2C+F&rft.aulast=Kamo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=787&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Cell+Reports&rft.issn=07217714&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00299-003-0723-5 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00299/bibs/4022011/40220787.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rosa; Callus; Embryos; Charcoal; Plant cells; Dispersal; Salts; Cell culture; Hybrids DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-003-0723-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and Abundance of Anoplophora Glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Natural Acer Stands in South Korea AN - 17750889; 6053022 AB - Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Asian longhorned beetle) was found attacking street trees in New York City and Chicago in the 1990s, after its accidental introduction from East Asia, and is currently the subject of a major eradication campaign by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The borer has been a destructive outbreak pest in poplar plantations in China for over 20 yr, but it has been collected only rarely in nearby South Korea. To learn more about the species in natural forest stands, we surveyed nine montane locations across South Korea in 2000 and 2001. The primary hosts of Korean A. glabripennis are Acer mono and A. truncatum, which grow in riparian habitats and rocky ravines. We surveyed two locations in Mt. Sorak National Park intensively, mapping all host trees. Less than 10% of the trees at each site exhibited evidence of beetle damage, and few adult beetles were observed. We hypothesize that the varying dynamics of A. glabripennis populations across its geographical range may be explained by considering it as an 'edge specialist,' which evolved in riparian habitats. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Williams, D W AU - Lee, H AU - Kim, I Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 540 EP - 545 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Asian longhorned beetle KW - Long-horned beetles KW - Maples KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Cerambycidae KW - Anoplophora glabripennis KW - Geographical distribution KW - Invasiveness KW - Biogeography KW - Abundance KW - Pest outbreaks KW - Korea, Rep. KW - Acer KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17750889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+Abundance+of+Anoplophora+Glabripennis+%28Coleoptera%3A+Cerambycidae%29+in+Natural+Acer+Stands+in+South+Korea&rft.au=Williams%2C+D+W%3BLee%2C+H%3BKim%2C+I&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=540&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=540 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anoplophora glabripennis; Cerambycidae; Acer; Korea, Rep.; Biogeography; Abundance; Invasiveness; Pest outbreaks; Geographical distribution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0540:DAAOAG>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biology and Development of the Wild and Golden Sport of Grapholita Prunivora (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) AN - 17750777; 6053017 AB - The development of the lesser appleworm, Grapholita prunivora (Walsh), was studied using immature apples as the food source. Degree-hour developmental rates for all life stages were calculated. Developmental rates in degree-hours at 25 degree C for the eggs, four instars, pupae, and adults were 1,503 (4 d), first larval ecdysis 1,109 (3 d posthatch), second larval ecdysis 1,941 (5 d posthatch), third larval ecdysis 3,186 (8 d posthatch), pupation 5,196 (13 d posthatch), and adult 8,925 (22 d posthatch), respectively. It was determined that 8.5 degree C was the lower thermal threshold for development of lesser appleworm eggs. Comparisons of growth, survival, and reproduction were made between two different laboratory populations, the wild type and a golden color sport (strain). JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Neven, L G AU - Mantey, K D AD - USDA-ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 506 EP - 512 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - Leaf rollers KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Tortricidae KW - Grapholita prunivora KW - Life tables KW - Development KW - Z 05197:Habits & life histories KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17750777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Biology+and+Development+of+the+Wild+and+Golden+Sport+of+Grapholita+Prunivora+%28Lepidoptera%3A+Tortricidae%29&rft.au=Neven%2C+L+G%3BMantey%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Neven&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=506&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=506 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Grapholita prunivora; Tortricidae; Life tables; Development; Temperature effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0506:BADOTW>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predation by Orius Insidiosus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) on Life Stages and Species of Frankliniella Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Pepper Flowers AN - 17745644; 6053036 AB - We compared predation of Orius insidiosus (Say) on adult and second instars of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and on adults of F. occidentalis and F. tritici (Fitch) in arenas with pepper flowers. Also, we compared the dispersal of these thrips in the presence and absence of the predator. For each experiment, two densities of thrips (10 and 20 total thrips) and two time exposures (10 and 34 h) were tested. Second instars were more likely to move from the flower where they were released than were F. occidentalis adults. F. tritici dispersed more than F. occidentalis. The presence of the predator enhanced movement by thrips from flowers in which they were released. Despite differences in prey movement, O. insidiosus successfully preyed on all types of prey that were offered. However, O. insidiosus appeared to deal differently with each type of prey. Predation of both larvae and adults was most likely to occur inside flowers. In trials with adults and second instars of F. occidentalis, larvae were significantly more vulnerable to predation than were adults. F. tritici, the more active species, may have been vulnerable to predation because of higher rates of encounter with the predator; however, O. insidiosus may have had greater attack success against the less active F. occidentalis. The ability of O. insidiosus to prey successfully on different life stages and species of thrips in complex environments indicates that it is an efficient predator of thrips and an important biological control agent. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Baez, I AU - Reitz AU - Funderburk, JE AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Center for Biological Control, 6383 Mahan Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32308, ibaez@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 662 EP - 670 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Heteroptera KW - Thysanoptera KW - Insidious flower bug KW - Minute pirate bugs KW - Common thrips KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Age composition KW - Predation KW - Frankliniella KW - Orius insidiosus KW - Dispersal KW - Anthocoridae KW - Thripidae KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17745644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Predation+by+Orius+Insidiosus+%28Heteroptera%3A+Anthocoridae%29+on+Life+Stages+and+Species+of+Frankliniella+Flower+Thrips+%28Thysanoptera%3A+Thripidae%29+in+Pepper+Flowers&rft.au=Baez%2C+I%3BReitz%3BFunderburk%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Baez&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=662&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=662 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Orius insidiosus; Anthocoridae; Frankliniella; Thripidae; Predation; Age composition; Dispersal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0662:PBOIHA>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages in a Transgenic Corn-Soybean Cropping System AN - 17745608; 6053024 AB - Ground beetles often prey on crop pests, and their relative abundance and assemblages vary among cropping systems and pest management practices. We used pitfall traps arranged in transects to study ground beetle assemblages in a large field-scale Bt corn-soybean cropping system for 3 yr. The transgenic corn expressed the Cry1Ab protein targeting lepidopteran pests. Three of the 57 ground beetle species collected accounted for 81% of all individuals captured. Six other species accounted for an additional 14% of all beetles captured. Ground beetles were captured equally in cornfields and soybean fields. They also were captured most frequently at field edges, but many were captured within field centers. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to arrange ground beetles along environmental gradients. Years 2001 and 2002 were the primary variables separating assemblages of ground beetles along the first canonical axis. The second canonical axis further separated the 2000 assemblage of ground beetles. With the effects of year and field removed, ground beetles were classified with respect to crop association and distance into the fields along axes 1 and 2 of a partial canonical correspondence analysis. Based on this analysis, ground beetles occupying the Bt cornfields were separated from those occupying soybean fields along the first canonical axis. The second canonical axis separated beetles occupying the field borders from field interiors. Ground beetles ordinating near the center of the axes may represent habitat generalists, and because of their high relative abundances, continuous seasonal activity, predatory nature, and ability to occupy field centers, they could assist in the biological control of agricultural pests. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - French, B W AU - Chandler, L D AU - Ellsbury, M M AU - Fuller, B W AU - West, M AD - Northern Grain Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2923 Medary Ave., Brookings, SD 57006, wfrench@ngirl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 554 EP - 563 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Ground beetles KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Transgenic plants KW - Pitfall traps KW - Carabidae KW - Species composition KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17745608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Ground+Beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Carabidae%29+Assemblages+in+a+Transgenic+Corn-Soybean+Cropping+System&rft.au=French%2C+B+W%3BChandler%2C+L+D%3BEllsbury%2C+M+M%3BFuller%2C+B+W%3BWest%2C+M&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=554&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=554 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carabidae; Agricultural ecosystems; Pitfall traps; Transgenic plants; Species composition; Biological control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0554:GBCCAI>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Refuge Releases of Cotesia Flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) into the Louisiana Sugarcane Ecosystem AN - 17745394; 6053031 AB - After 15 failures to establish Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) as a parasitoid of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), in Louisiana sugarcane fields (Saccharum spp.), four release refuges were established as sites for an intensive study of the crop, host, and parasitoid interaction for a full crop cycle. These refuges were maintained with minimal disturbance from June 2001 to June 2002 to encourage the establishment of C. flavipes. Refuges were managed in a manner such that (1) sugarcane borer larvae were abundant, (2) predation of parasitoids by the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Buren), was minimized, (3) host and parasitoid were not exposed to insecticide applications used to control economically damaging sugarcane borer infestations, (4) presence of parasitoids was insured through repeated releases during the growing season, and (5) the sugarcane was not harvested to enhance overwintering opportunities for C. flavipes. C. flavipes was successfully recovered in all established refuges and overwintered in three of the four refuges. However, parasitoids were not collected during May of the following spring. The inability of the parasitoid to use first-generation sugarcane borer larvae seems to be a major limiting factor preventing establishment of C. flavipes in Louisiana sugarcane. In May, the sugarcane stalks have not formed internodes, which may preclude important host finding and host acceptance cues such as frass and silk in the tunnel entrance. Although efforts were made to suppress the red imported fire ant at the study sites, ant predation on C. flavipes was also a major factor limiting establishment. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - White, W H AU - Reagan, TE AU - Smith, J W AU - Salazar, JA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 627 EP - 632 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Hymenoptera KW - Braconid wasps KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Cotesia flavipes KW - Limiting factors KW - Braconidae KW - Predator-prey interactions KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Parasitoids KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17745394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Refuge+Releases+of+Cotesia+Flavipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Braconidae%29+into+the+Louisiana+Sugarcane+Ecosystem&rft.au=White%2C+W+H%3BReagan%2C+TE%3BSmith%2C+J+W%3BSalazar%2C+JA&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=627 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cotesia flavipes; Braconidae; USA, Louisiana; Agricultural ecosystems; Biological control; Parasitoids; Predator-prey interactions; Limiting factors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0627:RROCFH>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Will photosynthesis of maize (Zea mays) in the US Corn Belt increase in future [CO sub(2)] rich atmospheres? An analysis of diurnal courses of CO sub(2) uptake under free-air concentration enrichment (FACE) AN - 17683662; 5947827 AB - The C sub(4) grass Zea mays (maize or corn) is the third most important food crop globally in terms of production and demand is predicted to increase 45% from 1997 to 2020. However, the effects of rising [CO sub(2)] upon C sub(4) plants, and Z. mays specifically, are not sufficiently understood to allow accurate predictions of future crop production. A rainfed, field experiment utilizing free-air concentration enrichment (FACE) technology in the primary area of global corn production (US Corn Belt) was undertaken to determine the effects of elevated [CO sub(2)] on corn. FACE technology allows experimental treatments to be imposed upon a complete soil-plant-atmosphere continuum with none of the effects of experimental enclosures on plant microclimate. Crop performance was compared at ambient [CO sub(2)] (354 mu mol mol super(-1)) and the elevated [CO sub(2)] (549 mu mol mol super(-1)) predicted for 2050. Previous laboratory studies suggest that under favorable growing conditions C sub(4) photosynthesis is not typically enhanced by elevated [CO sub(2)]. However, stomatal conductance and transpiration are decreased, which can indirectly increase photosynthesis in dry climates. Given the deep soils and relatively high rainfall of the US Corn Belt, it was predicted that photosynthesis would not be enhanced by elevated [CO sub(2)]. The diurnal course of gas exchange of upper canopy leaves was measured in situ across the growing season of 2002. Contrary to the prediction, growth at elevated [CO sub(2)] significantly increased leaf photosynthetic CO sub(2) uptake rate (A) by up to 41%, and 10% on average. Greater A was associated with greater intercellular [CO sub(2)], lower stomatal conductance and lower transpiration. Summer rainfall during 2002 was very close to the 50-year average for this site, indicating that the year was not atypical or a drought year. The results call for a reassessment of the established view that C sub(4) photosynthesis is insensitive to elevated [CO sub(2)] under favorable growing conditions and that the production potential of corn in the US Corn Belt will not be affected by the global rise in [CO sub(2)]. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Leakey, AD AU - Bernacchi, C J AU - Dohleman, F G AU - Ort AU - Long, S P AD - Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, leakey@life.uiuc.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 951 EP - 962 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 6 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - maize KW - Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17683662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Will+photosynthesis+of+maize+%28Zea+mays%29+in+the+US+Corn+Belt+increase+in+future+%5BCO+sub%282%29%5D+rich+atmospheres%3F+An+analysis+of+diurnal+courses+of+CO+sub%282%29+uptake+under+free-air+concentration+enrichment+%28FACE%29&rft.au=Leakey%2C+AD%3BBernacchi%2C+C+J%3BDohleman%2C+F+G%3BOrt%3BLong%2C+S+P&rft.aulast=Leakey&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2003.00767.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00767.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon dioxide effects on stomatal responses to the environment and water use by crops under field conditions AN - 17610139; 6017949 AB - Reductions in leaf stomatal conductance with rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO sub(2)]) could reduce water use by vegetation and potentially alter climate. Crop plants have among the largest reductions in stomatal conductance at elevated [CO sub(2)]. The relative reduction in stomatal conductance caused by a given increase in [CO sub(2)] is often not constant within a day nor between days, but may vary considerably with light, temperature and humidity. Species also differ in response, with a doubling of [CO sub(2)] reducing mean midday conductances by 50% in others. Elevated [CO sub(2)] increases leaf area index throughout the growing season in some species. Simulations, and measurements in free air carbon dioxide enrichment systems both indicate that the relatively large reductions in stomatal conductance in crops would translate into reductions of <10% in evapotranspiration, partly because of increases in temperature and decreases in humidity in the air around crop leaves. The reduction in evapotranspiration in crops is similar to that in other types of vegetation which have smaller relative reductions in stomatal conductance, because of the poorer aerodynamic coupling of the canopy to the atmosphere in crops. The small decreases in evapotranspiration at elevated [CO sub(2)] may themselves be important to crop production in dry environments, but changes in climate and microclimate caused by reduced stomatal conductance could also be important to crop production. JF - Oecologia AU - Bunce, JA AD - ACSL Plant Science Institute B-001, ARS-USDA, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, MD 20705-2350, Beltsville, USA, buncej@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 140 IS - 1 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04625:Plants - general KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17610139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Carbon+dioxide+effects+on+stomatal+responses+to+the+environment+and+water+use+by+crops+under+field+conditions&rft.au=Bunce%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Bunce&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00442-003-1401-6 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00442/bibs/4140001/41400001.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1401-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a Fluorescent Latex Immunoassay for Detection of a Spectinomycin Antibiotic AN - 17603366; 6385182 AB - There is a need to develop a rapid and sensitive method to detect spectinomycin residues in animal tissues. A latex fluorescent immunoassay was designed using reagents developed for this assay. The spectinomycin antibody was produced in sheep, and the immunoglobulin (IgG) was purified through a Protein G affinity column and was immobilized onto latex particles. Spectinomycin was labeled with 5-([4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl]amino)fluorescein (DTAF). The optimum assay conditions consisted of preincubating the latex-IgG with spectinomycin in buffer solutions or in bovine kidney extracts. DTAF-spectinomycin was added and was further incubated. The bound spectinomycin-DTAF/IgG-latex complex was separated by centrifugation at 4000g for 10 min. The fluorescence signals of the unbound spectinomycin-DTAF in the supernatant were measured at 485/535 nm excitation/emission. The measured signals were directly proportional to the concentration of spectinomycin in the samples, and spectinomycin was detected at 0-100 ppb with minimum detectability of 5 ppb. The mean regression correlation of four trials in buffer was 0.936 when the % bound complex vs spectinomycin concentration was plotted. Analysis of the kidney extract spiked with 0-100 ppb spectinomycin had a regression correlation of 0.959. This assay provides a rapid screening method for low ppb detection of spectinomycin. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Medina, M B AD - Microbial Biophysics and Residue Chemistry and Core Technologies Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 3231 EP - 3236 VL - 52 IS - 11 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Centrifugation KW - Fluorescence KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Kidney KW - Spectinomycin KW - Antibiotics KW - Latex KW - ribonuclease G KW - Immunoassays KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17603366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+Fluorescent+Latex+Immunoassay+for+Detection+of+a+Spectinomycin+Antibiotic&rft.au=Medina%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf030542a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spectinomycin; Latex; Kidney; Immunoassays; ribonuclease G; Antibiotics; Fluorescence; Centrifugation; Immunoglobulin G DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf030542a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of plant and leaf area index using three techniques in a mature native eucalypt canopy AN - 17593587; 5948123 AB - Leaf area index (L) is a critical variable in monitoring and modelling forest condition and growth and is therefore important for foresters and environmental scientists to measure routinely and accurately. We compared three different methods for estimating L: a plant canopy analyser (PCA), a point-quadrat camera method and digital hemispherical photography at a native eucalypt forest canopy at Tumbarumba in southern New South Wales, Australia. All of these methods produced indirect estimates of L based on the close coupling between radiation penetration and canopy structure. The individual L estimates were compared, and the potential advantages and disadvantages of each method were discussed in relation to use in forest inventory and in field data collection programmes for remote sensing calibration and verification. The comparison indicated that all three methods, PCA, digital hemispherical photography and the modified point-quadrat camera method, produced similar estimates with a standard error between techniques of less than 0.2 L units. All methods, however, provided biased estimates of L and calibration is required to derive true stand L. A key benefit, however, of all of these estimation methods is that observations can be collected in a short period of time (1-2 h of field-work per plot). JF - Austral Ecology AU - Coops, N C AU - Smith, M L AU - Jacobsen, K L AU - Martin, M AU - Ollinger, S AD - CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, Clayton South, Victoria, CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, Kingston, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North-eastern Research Station and Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA, nicholas.coops@ubc.ca Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 332 EP - 341 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 1442-9985, 1442-9985 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04125:Temperate forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17593587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Austral+Ecology&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+plant+and+leaf+area+index+using+three+techniques+in+a+mature+native+eucalypt+canopy&rft.au=Coops%2C+N+C%3BSmith%2C+M+L%3BJacobsen%2C+K+L%3BMartin%2C+M%3BOllinger%2C+S&rft.aulast=Coops&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Austral+Ecology&rft.issn=14429985&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1442-9993.2004.01370.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2004.01370.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of total dissolved phosphorus in unconsolidated aquifers and aquitards in Iowa AN - 17591985; 5967589 AB - Seven sets of ground water samples from 103 observation wells were analyzed for total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in four areas and five materials including loess and loess derived alluvium in the Deep Loess Hills of western Iowa, outwash and fractured till adjacent to Clear Lake in north central Iowa, fractured till in central Iowa, and a sand and gravel aquifer in northwest Iowa. Land use in ground water recharge zones in all four areas is dominated by crop or animal production or both. Concentrations of TDP exceeding the minimum laboratory detection limit of 20 mu g/l as P were found in all areas and in all materials sampled. Samples from the outwash deposits associated with Clear Lake contained significantly larger concentrations than all other areas and materials with a median of 160 mu g/l. Water from fractured till in three areas produced the smallest range of concentrations with a median of 40 mu g/l. The mean value of TDP in all sample sets exceeded 50 mu g/l, an important ecological threshold that causes increased productivity in lakes and perennial streams and one being considered as a surface water nutrient standard by regulatory agencies. These results clearly show that ground water in essentially all near-surface aquifers and aquitards discharging to Iowa's streams and lakes is capable of sustaining P concentrations of 50 to 100 mu g/l in streams, lakes, and reservoirs. Consequently, even if point discharges and sediment sources of P are substantially reduced, ground-water discharge to surface water may exceed critical thresholds under most conditions. JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Burkart, M R AU - Simpkins, W W AU - Morrow, A J AU - Gannon, J M AD - National Soil Tilth Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 1250 Pammel Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, burkart@nstl.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 827 EP - 834 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - M2 556.3:Groundwater Hydrology (556.3) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17591985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+total+dissolved+phosphorus+in+unconsolidated+aquifers+and+aquitards+in+Iowa&rft.au=Burkart%2C+M+R%3BSimpkins%2C+W+W%3BMorrow%2C+A+J%3BGannon%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Burkart&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=827&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diverse Tetracycline Resistance Genotypes of Megasphaera elsdenii Strains Selectively Cultured from Swine Feces AN - 17580024; 6406807 AB - A total of 30 Megasphaera elsdenii strains, selectively isolated from the feces of organically raised swine by using Me109 M medium, and one bovine strain were analyzed for tetracycline resistance genotypic and phenotypic traits. Tetracycline-resistant strains carried tet(O), tet(W), or a tet gene mosaic of tet(O) and tet(W). M. elsdenii strains carrying tet(OWO) genes exhibited the highest tetracycline MICs (128 to >256 mu g/ml), suggesting that tet(O)-tet(W) mosaic genes provide the selective advantage of greater tetracycline resistance for this species. Seven tet genotypes are now known for M. elsdenii, an archetype commensal anaerobe and model for tet gene evolution in the mammalian intestinal tract. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Stanton, T B AU - McDowall, J S AU - Rasmussen, MA AD - USDA Agriculture Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 2300 N. Dayton Rd., P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA, tstanton@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 3754 EP - 3757 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - tet gene KW - Mosaics KW - Commensals KW - Intestine KW - Megasphaera elsdenii KW - Genotypes KW - Tetracyclines KW - Feces KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Evolution KW - Models KW - J 02861:Microflora KW - D 04620:Microorganisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17580024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Diverse+Tetracycline+Resistance+Genotypes+of+Megasphaera+elsdenii+Strains+Selectively+Cultured+from+Swine+Feces&rft.au=Stanton%2C+T+B%3BMcDowall%2C+J+S%3BRasmussen%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3754&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.70.6.3754-3757.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - tet gene; Intestine; Commensals; Mosaics; Genotypes; Feces; Tetracyclines; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Evolution; Models; Megasphaera elsdenii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.6.3754-3757.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reaction of Certain Solanaceous and Asteraceous Plant Species to Inoculation with Phytophthora infestans in Cameroon AN - 17508883; 6400011 AB - Experiments were conducted to detect potential hosts of Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of potato late blight among weeds occurring in Cameroon. Isolates of P. infestans isolated from garden huckleberry (Solanum scabrum), potato (S. tuberosum) and tomato (S. lycopersicon) were inoculated on detached leaves of 12 solanaceous and 14 asteraceous species collected from the potato agroecosystem in the western highlands of Cameroon. Isolates of P. infestans from huckleberry and potato infected the same host plants as well as gboma eggplant (S. macrocarpon) and two asteraceous weeds; Billy goatweed (Ageratum conyzoides) and Dichrocephala (Dichrocephala integrifolia). Inoculum from potato caused late blight symptoms on haemorrhage plant (Aspilia africana); while inoculum from tomato resulted in late blight on worowo (Solanecio biafrae). This is the first report of late blight infection on S. macrocarpon, A. conyzoides, Sol. biafrae and Asp. africana in Cameroon. The research results indicate that some asteraceous and solanaceous weeds may be alternative hosts of P. infestans in the potato agroecosystem. JF - Journal of Phytopathology AU - Fontem, DA AU - Olanya, OM AU - Njualem, B F AD - USDA-ARS, New England Plant Soil and Water Laboratory, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA, modesto@maine.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 331 EP - 336 VL - 152 IS - 6 SN - 0931-1785, 0931-1785 KW - Potato KW - tomato KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Weeds KW - Solanum scabrum KW - Hemorrhage KW - Ageratum conyzoides KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Late blight KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Inoculum KW - Plant diseases KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - Leaves KW - Host plants KW - Dichrocephala integrifolia KW - Cameroon KW - Aspilia africana KW - Solanecio biafrae KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17508883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Reaction+of+Certain+Solanaceous+and+Asteraceous+Plant+Species+to+Inoculation+with+Phytophthora+infestans+in+Cameroon&rft.au=Fontem%2C+DA%3BOlanya%2C+OM%3BNjualem%2C+B+F&rft.aulast=Fontem&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=09311785&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0434.2004.00850.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Lycopersicon esculentum; Phytophthora infestans; Aspilia africana; Solanum scabrum; Solanecio biafrae; Ageratum conyzoides; Dichrocephala integrifolia; Cameroon; Late blight; Weeds; Inoculum; Host plants; Plant diseases; Hemorrhage; Leaves DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2004.00850.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene Melanin in Monosporascus cannonballus and the Analysis of Hexaketide and Pentaketide Compounds Produced by Wild-Type and Pigmented Isolates of the Fungus AN - 17501798; 6385012 AB - Monosporascus cannonballus causes root rot and vine decline in muskmelons and watermelons. Wild types of this fungus often undergo degenerative changes that have been associated with yellow to brown pigmentation, hypovirulence, dsRNA infection, and decreased production of perithecia. In this study, degenerate isolates that produced yellow to brown pigments and no perithecia were obtained from wild-type cultures that had been stored for extended periods of time. Cultures of the degenerate isolates were found to accumulate five related hexaketides when grown on potato-dextrose agar (PDA). In contrast, these hexaketides were present only in minute amounts in wild-type cultures unless grown on NaCl-amended PDA. 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene melanin was established to be present in wild-type M. cannonballus and absent in the degenerate isolates. Various melanin-related metabolites, however, were produced by the variants. Tricyclazole in PDA cultures blocked melanin biosynthesis by the wild types but had little effect on hexaketide production by the degenerate isolates. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Wheeler, M H AU - Bruton, B D AU - Puckhaber, L S AU - Zhang, Jiuxu AU - Stipanovic, R D AD - Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, ARS, 2765 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 4113 EP - 4120 VL - 52 IS - 13 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pigmentation KW - Agar KW - Melanin KW - Perithecia KW - Double-stranded RNA KW - Pigments KW - Monosporascus cannonballus KW - Metabolites KW - Vines KW - Infection KW - Root rot KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03045:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17501798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+of+1%2C8-Dihydroxynaphthalene+Melanin+in+Monosporascus+cannonballus+and+the+Analysis+of+Hexaketide+and+Pentaketide+Compounds+Produced+by+Wild-Type+and+Pigmented+Isolates+of+the+Fungus&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+M+H%3BBruton%2C+B+D%3BPuckhaber%2C+L+S%3BZhang%2C+Jiuxu%3BStipanovic%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=4113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf0308298 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agar; Pigmentation; Perithecia; Melanin; Pigments; Double-stranded RNA; Vines; Metabolites; Infection; Root rot; Monosporascus cannonballus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0308298 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water Plasticization of Extruded Material Made from Meat and Bone Meal and Sodium Caseinate AN - 17341766; 6384686 AB - Meat and bone meal (MBM) is a high protein agricultural commodity that currently has few applications other than as an animal feed. Unmodified MBM has poor functional properties, due to its low solubility. Our results from pilot plant trials demonstrate that MBM can be extrusion-processed along with sodium caseinate to produce a useful plastic material. We developed this material for use as a dog chew toy. For this application, elastic modulus (stiffness) is a key characteristic. Our results detail the relationship between ambient relative humidity and equilibrium moisture content (MC) in the material. The influence of MC on the glass transition temperature and elastic modulus reflects the plasticization of this material by water. On the basis of a comparison to a commercially available dog chew, the range of stiffness achievable with our material, 0.25-2.50 GPa, encompasses the values appropriate for a dog chew. Our results show that a particular desired stiffness can be maintained by applying an edible moisture barrier to the surface of the material. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Garcia, R A AU - Onwulata, C I AU - Ashby, R D AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 3776 EP - 3779 VL - 52 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Sodium caseinate KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17341766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Water+Plasticization+of+Extruded+Material+Made+from+Meat+and+Bone+Meal+and+Sodium+Caseinate&rft.au=Garcia%2C+R+A%3BOnwulata%2C+C+I%3BAshby%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf035420x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf035420x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Saturation, Reduction, and the Formation of Iron--Manganese Concretions in the Jackson-Frazier Wetland, Oregon AN - 17291945; 6087049 AB - The Jackson-Frazier wetland is a rare, relatively undisturbed wetland in the Willamette Valley of Oregon that experiences repetitive annual flooding and drying cycles. Redoximorphic features formed by these wetting and drying cycles have not been calibrated with saturation and reduction. Long-term measurements of soil saturation and soil redox potential (E sub(H)) were combined with measurements of Fe and Mn concentrations to understand the formation of these redoximorphic features in the wetland soils. The Jackson-Frazier wetland is underlain by three stratigraphic units that control its hydrology: Holocene alluvium (A and Bss horizons), Malpass clay (2Bt horizon), and Irish Bend silts (3BC horizon). All three units are saturated for up to 9 mo each year, leading to E sub(H) values that fall below the Fe reduction threshold. Extractable Fe and Mn in nodules, concretions, and soft masses document substantial depletions from the matrix soil in all three units. In the 3BC, diffuse halos of Fe accumulation and matrix chromas from two to four indicate a source of Fe that can be reduced, translocated, and concentrated in nodular form. In the Bss and 3BC horizons, soft masses surrounding concentrations and higher ratios of oxalate to dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate Fe (Fe sub(Ox)/Fe sub(DCB)) in the larger concentrations suggest that nodules and concretions are currently forming by accretion of Fe. In the 2Bt, virtually all of the Fe and Mn is gone from the matrix, and concretion boundaries are sharp. These are not relict features, as the current conditions would favor continued formation had the supply of Fe and Mn not been exhausted. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - D'Amore, D V AU - Stewart AU - Huddleston, J H AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801, USA, ddamore@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 1012 EP - 1022 VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17291945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Saturation%2C+Reduction%2C+and+the+Formation+of+Iron--Manganese+Concretions+in+the+Jackson-Frazier+Wetland%2C+Oregon&rft.au=D%27Amore%2C+D+V%3BStewart%3BHuddleston%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=D%27Amore&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1012&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Single-chain Fv antibody with specificity for Listeria monocytogenes AN - 17277063; 6045648 AB - Single chain antibodies (scFv) exhibiting specific binding to Listeria monocytogenes strains were isolated from a pool of random scFvs expressed on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages. Positive selection (panning) using L. monocytogenes was used to enrich for phage clones with the desired binding affinity, and negative selection using L. innocua and L. ivanovii was used to remove phages expressing cross-reactive antibody fragments. A single phage clone, P4:A8, was selected using two independent panning schemes. A rapid assay was devised to determine phage antibody binding specificity and was used to develop a selectivity profile for individual phage clones. The P4:A8 clone was screened against a panel of bacteria consisting of eight strains of L. monocytogenes, one each of the other six species of Listeria and nine other relevant bacterial species. A collection of individual clones from the penultimate panning was also screened against a subset of the panel of bacteria. The selectivity profiles indicate that multiple clones, including P4:A8, exhibit binding to one or more strains of L. monocytogenes without cross-reactivity toward any other species in the panel. This is the first report of a species-specific antibody for viable cells of L. monocytogenes (i.e., the ability to bind to L. monocytogenes without cross-reactivity toward any other species of Listeria). JF - Journal of Immunological Methods AU - Paoli, G C AU - Chen, C AU - Brewster, J D AD - Microbial Biophysics and Residue Chemistry and Core Technologies, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, jbrewster@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 147 EP - 155 VL - 289 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Antibodies KW - Cross-reactivity KW - Phage display KW - Fv KW - W3 33375:Antibodies KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17277063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.atitle=Single-chain+Fv+antibody+with+specificity+for+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Paoli%2C+G+C%3BChen%2C+C%3BBrewster%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Paoli&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=289&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.issn=00221759&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jim.2004.04.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Antibodies; Fv; Cross-reactivity; Phage display DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2004.04.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DRAINWAT-Based Methods for Estimating Nitrogen Transport in Poorly Drained Watersheds AN - 16193600; 6072622 AB - Methods are needed to quantify effects of land use and management practices on nutrient and sediment loads at the watershed scale. Two methods were used to apply a DRAINMOD-based watershed-scale model (DRAINWAT) to estimate total nitrogen (N) transport from a poorly drained, forested watershed. In both methods, in-stream retention or losses of N were calculated with a lumped-parameter model, which assumes that N concentration decreases exponentially with residence (or travel) time in the canals. In the first method, daily field outflows predicted by DRAINWAT were multiplied by average N concentrations to calculate daily loads at the field edge. Travel time from the field edge to the watershed outlet was computed for each field for each day based on daily velocities predicted by DRAINWAT for each section of the canal-stream network. The second lumped-parameter method was similar but used predicted annual outflow to obtain annual load at the field edge. The load was transported to the watershed outlet, and the in-stream N loss was determined by using a constant average velocity (obtained by long-term DRAINWAT simulations), independent of season, for the entire canal-stream network. The methods were applied on a 2,950 ha coastal forested watershed near Plymouth, North Carolina, to evaluate daily, monthly, and annual export of nitrogen for a five-year (1996-2000) period. Except for some late spring and hurricane events, predicted daily flows were in good agreement with measured results for all five years (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, E = 0.71 to 0.85). Estimates of monthly total N load were in much better agreement (E = 0.76) with measured data than were the daily estimates (E = 0.19). Annual nitrogen load was predicted within 17% of the measured value, on average, and there was no difference ( alpha = 0.05) between measured and estimated monthly and annual loads. The estimates of annual N loads using travel time with a daily velocity yielded better results than with the constant average velocity. The estimated delivery ratio (load at the outlet/load at the field edge) for total N was shown to vary widely among individual fields depending on their location in the watershed and distance from the outlet. Both of the methods investigated can potentially be used with GIS in predicting impacts of land management practices on total N loads from poorly drained watersheds. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Amatya, D M AU - Chescheir, G M AU - Fernandez, G P AU - Skaggs, R W AU - Gilliam, J W AD - USDA Forest Service, Center for Forested Wetlands Research, 2730 Savannah Hwy, Charleston, SC 29414, USA, damatya@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 677 EP - 687 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Land Management KW - Nutrients KW - Watersheds KW - Forest Watersheds KW - Average Velocity KW - Flow Velocity KW - Geographical Information Systems KW - Fate of Pollutants KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Pollution Load KW - Velocity KW - Nonpoint pollution KW - Traveltime KW - Land use KW - Sediment Load KW - Geographic information systems KW - Runoff KW - Nitrogen KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16193600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=DRAINWAT-Based+Methods+for+Estimating+Nitrogen+Transport+in+Poorly+Drained+Watersheds&rft.au=Amatya%2C+D+M%3BChescheir%2C+G+M%3BFernandez%2C+G+P%3BSkaggs%2C+R+W%3BGilliam%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Amatya&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Velocity; Nutrients; Geographic information systems; Nonpoint pollution; Watersheds; Runoff; Land use; Nitrogen; Land Use; Land Management; Fate of Pollutants; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Pollution Load; Traveltime; Forest Watersheds; Average Velocity; Flow Velocity; Sediment Load; Geographical Information Systems; USA, North Carolina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Similarities Among Geographic Isolates of Lysiphlebus Testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) Differing in Cold Temperature Tolerances AN - 16184719; 6053048 AB - Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) is a solitary endoparasitoid of aphids and is the primary parasitoid attacking cereal aphids in the Great Plains, especially Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). In a previous study, it was found that a Lincoln, NE, isolate of L. testaceipes had a much higher survivorship at cold temperatures than isolates from Stillwater, OK, and Corpus Christi, TX. This suggested that the Nebraska isolate was locally adapted to the northern environment and perhaps genetically divergent from southern populations. We tested for genetic differentiation of the above isolates by sequencing portions of the COI and 16S mtDNA genes. We also examined a Florida isolate reared from Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) and L. fabarum Marshall as an outgroup. The Great Plains isolates (Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) were homogeneous with 0% and 0-0.2% sequence divergence in the COI and 16S gene fragments, respectively. The Florida isolate differed from the Great Plains isolates in nucleotide sequence by 1.4% (COI) and 0.5-0.7% (16S). Phylogenetic analysis placed the Florida isolate of L. testaceipes basal to the Great Plains isolates with L. fabarum, suggesting a possible species complex within L. testaceipes. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Shufran, KA AU - Weathersbee, AA AU - Jones, D B AU - Elliott, N C AD - USDA-ARS, Plant Science & Water Conservation Research Laboratory, 1301 N. Western Road, Stillwater, OK 74075, shufran@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 776 EP - 778 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Wasps KW - Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts KW - Geographical distribution KW - USA, Florida KW - Schizaphis graminum KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Aphididae KW - Survival KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Differentiation KW - Population genetics KW - Rhopalosiphum padi KW - Cereals KW - British Isles, England, Lincoln KW - Hymenoptera KW - Phylogenetics KW - Temperature effects KW - Phylogeny KW - Toxoptera citricida KW - Aphidiidae KW - Lysiphlebus testaceipes KW - Entomology KW - USA, Texas, Corpus Christi KW - Corpus KW - USA KW - Mitochondrial DNA KW - USA, Nebraska KW - Temperature tolerance KW - Parasitoids KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - G 07750:Ecological & Population Genetics KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16184719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Genetic+Similarities+Among+Geographic+Isolates+of+Lysiphlebus+Testaceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphidiidae%29+Differing+in+Cold+Temperature+Tolerances&rft.au=Shufran%2C+KA%3BWeathersbee%2C+AA%3BJones%2C+D+B%3BElliott%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Shufran&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%290332.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population genetics; Nucleotide sequence; Phylogenetics; Entomology; Phylogeny; Temperature effects; Differentiation; Geographical distribution; Mitochondrial DNA; Cereals; Survival; Parasitoids; Temperature tolerance; Corpus; Toxoptera citricida; Rhopalosiphum padi; Schizaphis graminum; Aphididae; Hymenoptera; Lysiphlebus testaceipes; Aphidiidae; USA, Texas, Corpus Christi; USA, Oklahoma; USA; USA, Florida; British Isles, England, Lincoln; USA, Nebraska DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033<0776:GSAGIO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential Global Range Expansion of the Invasive Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta AN - 1034828529; 17024080 AB - The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, is an invasive pest that has become widespread in the southern United States and Caribbean after introduction from South America in the 1930s. This species, which has diverse detrimental impacts on recipient communities, was recently discovered in Australia and New Zealand and has the potential to colonize numerous other regions. We used a dynamic, ecophysiological model of colony growth to predict the potential global range expansion of this invasive species. Based on minimum and maximum daily temperatures, the model estimates colony alate production and predicts future geographic range limits. Because S. invicta populations are limited by arid conditions as well as cold temperatures, we superimposed precipitation data upon temperature-based predictions, to identify regions that do not receive enough rainfall to support this species across the landscape. Many areas around the globe, including large portions of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and numerous island nations, are at risk for S. invicta infestation. Quarantine officials should be vigilant for any accidental introductions of this pest in susceptible regions. Costs of eradication increase dramatically as the area of infestation grows, and large infestations may be impossible to eradicate. Other South American Solenopsis fire ants (e.g., S. richteri Forel) may become invasive if the opportunity arises, and our predictions for S. invicta may approximate the potential range limits for these species as well. JF - Biological Invasions AU - Morrison, Lloyd W AU - Porter, Sanford D AU - Daniels, Eric AU - Korzukhin, Michael D AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL, 32604, USA; , lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 183 EP - 191 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1387-3547, 1387-3547 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Colonies KW - Infestation KW - Formicidae KW - Z 05340:Ecology and Behavior KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034828529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Invasions&rft.atitle=Potential+Global+Range+Expansion+of+the+Invasive+Fire+Ant%2C+Solenopsis+invicta&rft.au=Morrison%2C+Lloyd+W%3BPorter%2C+Sanford+D%3BDaniels%2C+Eric%3BKorzukhin%2C+Michael+D&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Lloyd&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Invasions&rft.issn=13873547&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ABINV.0000022135.96042.90 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-10 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Infestation; Formicidae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:BINV.0000022135.96042.90 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Microseparation techniques combined with ICP-MS for the quantification of cobalamin species AN - 39974200; 3861409 AU - Miller-Ihli, N J AU - Yanes, E G Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39974200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Microseparation+techniques+combined+with+ICP-MS+for+the+quantification+of+cobalamin+species&rft.au=Miller-Ihli%2C+N+J%3BYanes%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=Miller-Ihli&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spatial models of fire risk in the boundary waters canoe area, MN AN - 39939428; 3854486 AU - Lytle, DE Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39939428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spatial+models+of+fire+risk+in+the+boundary+waters+canoe+area%2C+MN&rft.au=Lytle%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Neutral landscape models, scaling laws, and constraints on fire regimes AN - 39939149; 3851806 AU - McKenzie, D Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39939149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Neutral+landscape+models%2C+scaling+laws%2C+and+constraints+on+fire+regimes&rft.au=McKenzie%2C+D&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Influence of stand structure on wildfire severity: The case of the cone fire, September 2002 AN - 39938220; 3850135 AU - Skinner, C N Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39938220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Influence+of+stand+structure+on+wildfire+severity%3A+The+case+of+the+cone+fire%2C+September+2002&rft.au=Skinner%2C+C+N&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling and monitoring of atmospheric interactions with the terrestrial cryosphere I AN - 39876360; 3851384 AU - Marks, D AU - Pomeroy, J Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39876360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+and+monitoring+of+atmospheric+interactions+with+the+terrestrial+cryosphere+I&rft.au=Marks%2C+D%3BPomeroy%2C+J&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20009, USA; URL: www.agu.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Automated delineation of valley floors in the Colorado front range, Colorado, USA AN - 39872002; 3845547 AU - Staley, D Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39872002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Automated+delineation+of+valley+floors+in+the+Colorado+front+range%2C+Colorado%2C+USA&rft.au=Staley%2C+D&rft.aulast=Staley&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association of Geographers, 1710 Sixteenth Street NW, Washington, DC 20009-3198, USA; phone: 202-234-1450; fax: 202-234-2744; URL: www.aag.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cohen's kappa, classification tables and multi-criteria model selection process: An arcview 3x extension to verify and select spatially explicit predictive models AN - 39869247; 3846389 AU - Jenness, J AU - Wynne, J J Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39869247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cohen%27s+kappa%2C+classification+tables+and+multi-criteria+model+selection+process%3A+An+arcview+3x+extension+to+verify+and+select+spatially+explicit+predictive+models&rft.au=Jenness%2C+J%3BWynne%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Jenness&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Application of TWINSPAN analysis to define climate anomalies and periods with relevance to ecological patterns and processes of the northwestern US, 1675-1978 AN - 39869154; 3845313 AU - Hessburg, P F AU - Kuhlmann, EE AU - Swetnam, T W Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39869154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Application+of+TWINSPAN+analysis+to+define+climate+anomalies+and+periods+with+relevance+to+ecological+patterns+and+processes+of+the+northwestern+US%2C+1675-1978&rft.au=Hessburg%2C+P+F%3BKuhlmann%2C+EE%3BSwetnam%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Hessburg&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of GLYCIM after nine years of on-farm trials: Why does GLYCIM often predict higher than measured yields? AN - 39865691; 3848232 AU - Timlin, D AU - Pachepsky, L AU - Pachepsky, Y AU - Whisler, F AU - Reddy, V R AU - Fleisher, D Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39865691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+GLYCIM+after+nine+years+of+on-farm+trials%3A+Why+does+GLYCIM+often+predict+higher+than+measured+yields%3F&rft.au=Timlin%2C+D%3BPachepsky%2C+L%3BPachepsky%2C+Y%3BWhisler%2C+F%3BReddy%2C+V+R%3BFleisher%2C+D&rft.aulast=Timlin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Univeristy of Florida, URL: http://conference.ifas.ufl.edu/bssg/index.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Large woody debris and pool dynamics in the Caspar Creek experimental watershed, northern California AN - 39860054; 3850695 AU - Hilton, S Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39860054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Large+woody+debris+and+pool+dynamics+in+the+Caspar+Creek+experimental+watershed%2C+northern+California&rft.au=Hilton%2C+S&rft.aulast=Hilton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Univ. of Calif. Center for Forestry, phone: 510-642-0095; email: rippee@nature.berkeley.edu; URL: cnr.berkeley.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaporation of rainfall from foliage in coastal redwood forests AN - 39860007; 3848272 AU - Reid, L M Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39860007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaporation+of+rainfall+from+foliage+in+coastal+redwood+forests&rft.au=Reid%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Univ. of Calif. Center for Forestry, phone: 510-642-0095; email: rippee@nature.berkeley.edu; URL: cnr.berkeley.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Channel incision and suspended sediment delivery at Caspar Creek, Mendocino County, California AN - 39859121; 3846136 AU - Dewey, N Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39859121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Channel+incision+and+suspended+sediment+delivery+at+Caspar+Creek%2C+Mendocino+County%2C+California&rft.au=Dewey%2C+N&rft.aulast=Dewey&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Univ. of Calif. Center for Forestry, phone: 510-642-0095; email: rippee@nature.berkeley.edu; URL: cnr.berkeley.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relationship of sire estimated progeny differences to milk yield in Brangus Cows AN - 39853463; 3853487 AU - Brown, MA AU - Coleman, S W AU - Lalman, D L Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39853463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+sire+estimated+progeny+differences+to+milk+yield+in+Brangus+Cows&rft.au=Brown%2C+MA%3BColeman%2C+S+W%3BLalman%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Soc. of Animal Science, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: asas@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Determination of gas constituents by automated extraction of coated denuders at CAFO's by LC/MS/MS AN - 39845608; 3858121 AU - Scoggin, K D AU - Pfeiffer, R L Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39845608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Determination+of+gas+constituents+by+automated+extraction+of+coated+denuders+at+CAFO%27s+by+LC%2FMS%2FMS&rft.au=Scoggin%2C+K+D%3BPfeiffer%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Scoggin&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Simulating dead wood dynamics in a managed forest landscape AN - 39844725; 3854239 AU - Kennedy, R S AU - Olsen, KA AU - Pabst, R J AU - Spies, T A Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39844725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Simulating+dead+wood+dynamics+in+a+managed+forest+landscape&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+R+S%3BOlsen%2C+KA%3BPabst%2C+R+J%3BSpies%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Examples of forest landscape ecology in practice: Case study - U.S. forest service AN - 39844158; 3848321 AU - Crow, T R Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39844158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Examples+of+forest+landscape+ecology+in+practice%3A+Case+study+-+U.S.+forest+service&rft.au=Crow%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Crow&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Remote sensing, hydrology, and field experiments II AN - 39839685; 3853546 AU - Jackson, T J AU - Crosson, B Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39839685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Remote+sensing%2C+hydrology%2C+and+field+experiments+II&rft.au=Jackson%2C+T+J%3BCrosson%2C+B&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20009, USA; URL: www.agu.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spatial scale of habitat selection by small mammals AN - 39838431; 3854495 AU - Zollner, P A AU - Gilbert, J H AU - Wright, J L Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39838431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spatial+scale+of+habitat+selection+by+small+mammals&rft.au=Zollner%2C+P+A%3BGilbert%2C+J+H%3BWright%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Zollner&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Scale dependence and constraints on a 20th century fire regime AN - 39832241; 3853975 AU - Miller, C Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39832241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Scale+dependence+and+constraints+on+a+20th+century+fire+regime&rft.au=Miller%2C+C&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Machine learning tools for predictive vegetation mapping AN - 39832006; 3850931 AU - Prasad, A M AU - Iverson, L R Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39832006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Machine+learning+tools+for+predictive+vegetation+mapping&rft.au=Prasad%2C+A+M%3BIverson%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Determination of peanut aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 using stabilized n-propyl bromide as a safe and new effective replacement solvent for chloroform used in the official method extraction AN - 39831643; 3858144 AU - Falk, J V AU - Humphries, J D AU - Joyner, B L Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39831643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Determination+of+peanut+aflatoxins+B1%2C+B2%2C+G1%2C+and+G2+using+stabilized+n-propyl+bromide+as+a+safe+and+new+effective+replacement+solvent+for+chloroform+used+in+the+official+method+extraction&rft.au=Falk%2C+J+V%3BHumphries%2C+J+D%3BJoyner%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Falk&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dispersal limitation in spruce budworm populations of Minnesota and its effect on balsam fir patterns AN - 39828560; 3847387 AU - Sturtevant, B R AU - Quinn, V S AU - Townsend, P A Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39828560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Dispersal+limitation+in+spruce+budworm+populations+of+Minnesota+and+its+effect+on+balsam+fir+patterns&rft.au=Sturtevant%2C+B+R%3BQuinn%2C+V+S%3BTownsend%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Sturtevant&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Border lakes region of Minnesota and Ontario: Applying landscape ecology principles in a multi-partner landscape AN - 39828432; 3845854 AU - Lytle, DE AU - Harkness, M AU - Cornett, M W Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39828432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Border+lakes+region+of+Minnesota+and+Ontario%3A+Applying+landscape+ecology+principles+in+a+multi-partner+landscape&rft.au=Lytle%2C+DE%3BHarkness%2C+M%3BCornett%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of diet on performance, reproduction, and economics of market cows grazing stockpiled fescue AN - 39827041; 3847753 AU - Looper, M L AU - Aiken, GE AU - Flores, R AU - Rosenkrans, CF Jr Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39827041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+diet+on+performance%2C+reproduction%2C+and+economics+of+market+cows+grazing+stockpiled+fescue&rft.au=Looper%2C+M+L%3BAiken%2C+GE%3BFlores%2C+R%3BRosenkrans%2C+CF+Jr&rft.aulast=Looper&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Soc. of Animal Science, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: asas@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Responses of agricultural crops to free-air CO sub(2) enrichment AN - 39823385; 3853640 AU - Kimball, B Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39823385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Responses+of+agricultural+crops+to+free-air+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment&rft.au=Kimball%2C+B&rft.aulast=Kimball&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Univeristy of Florida, URL: http://conference.ifas.ufl.edu/bssg/index.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Deficit irrigation, seeding practices, and cultivar maturity effects on simulated grain sorghum yield AN - 39808871; 3847039 AU - Baumhart, R L AU - Howell, T A Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39808871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Deficit+irrigation%2C+seeding+practices%2C+and+cultivar+maturity+effects+on+simulated+grain+sorghum+yield&rft.au=Baumhart%2C+R+L%3BHowell%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Baumhart&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Univeristy of Florida, URL: http://conference.ifas.ufl.edu/bssg/index.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Measurement of niacin by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry AN - 39808514; 3861183 AU - Wolf, W R AU - Goldschmidt, R J Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39808514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+niacin+by+stable+isotope+dilution+mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Wolf%2C+W+R%3BGoldschmidt%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ephemeral wetlands restoration techniques AN - 39807323; 3848076 AU - Biebighauser, T Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39807323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Ephemeral+wetlands+restoration+techniques&rft.au=Biebighauser%2C+T&rft.aulast=Biebighauser&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Conservation Information Technology Center, 1220 Potter Dr Ste, 170 W Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; phone: 765-494-9555; fax: 765-494-5969; URL: www.ctic.purdue.edu/CTIC/CTIC.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of Romosinuano as straightbreds and crossbreds with Angus and Brahman: Stocker and feedlot gains AN - 39797091; 3848250 AU - Phillips, WA AU - Coleman, S W AU - Riley, D G AU - Chase, CC Jr AU - Mayeux, H S Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39797091?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Romosinuano+as+straightbreds+and+crossbreds+with+Angus+and+Brahman%3A+Stocker+and+feedlot+gains&rft.au=Phillips%2C+WA%3BColeman%2C+S+W%3BRiley%2C+D+G%3BChase%2C+CC+Jr%3BMayeux%2C+H+S&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Soc. of Animal Science, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: asas@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Solid phase extraction for cobalamin speciation determinations AN - 39787543; 3863602 AU - Miller-Ihli, N J AU - Yanes, E G Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39787543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Solid+phase+extraction+for+cobalamin+speciation+determinations&rft.au=Miller-Ihli%2C+N+J%3BYanes%2C+E+G&rft.aulast=Miller-Ihli&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Simulating the impact of landscape change on channel geomorphology in semi-arid watersheds AN - 39784248; 3854244 AU - Semmens, D J AU - Goodrich, D C AU - Osterkamp, W R AU - Guertin, D P Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39784248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Simulating+the+impact+of+landscape+change+on+channel+geomorphology+in+semi-arid+watersheds&rft.au=Semmens%2C+D+J%3BGoodrich%2C+D+C%3BOsterkamp%2C+W+R%3BGuertin%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Semmens&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Landscape scale analyses provide new insights into desertification AN - 39782809; 3850671 AU - Yao, J AU - Peters, DPC AU - Havstad, K M AU - Bestelmeyer, B T Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39782809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Landscape+scale+analyses+provide+new+insights+into+desertification&rft.au=Yao%2C+J%3BPeters%2C+DPC%3BHavstad%2C+K+M%3BBestelmeyer%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Yao&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing spatial uncertainty in landscape vegetation maps created with imputation procedures AN - 39780550; 3845434 AU - Pierce, K B AU - Ohmann, J L AU - Gregory, MJ Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39780550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessing+spatial+uncertainty+in+landscape+vegetation+maps+created+with+imputation+procedures&rft.au=Pierce%2C+K+B%3BOhmann%2C+J+L%3BGregory%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Pierce&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, URL: www.usiale.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluation of Romosinuano as straightbreds and crossbreds with Angus and Brahman: Carcass traits AN - 39779737; 3848248 AU - Coleman, S W AU - Riley, D G AU - Chase, CC Jr AU - Phillips, WA AU - Horne, W J AU - Byrd, J H Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39779737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Romosinuano+as+straightbreds+and+crossbreds+with+Angus+and+Brahman%3A+Carcass+traits&rft.au=Coleman%2C+S+W%3BRiley%2C+D+G%3BChase%2C+CC+Jr%3BPhillips%2C+WA%3BHorne%2C+W+J%3BByrd%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Soc. of Animal Science, 1111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61874; phone: 217-356-3182; fax: 217-398-4119; email: asas@assochq.org; URL: www.asas.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spatial genetic patterns in four old-growth populations of coast redwood AN - 39779241; 3854471 AU - Westfall, R Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39779241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spatial+genetic+patterns+in+four+old-growth+populations+of+coast+redwood&rft.au=Westfall%2C+R&rft.aulast=Westfall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Univ. of Calif. Center for Forestry, phone: 510-642-0095; email: rippee@nature.berkeley.edu; URL: cnr.berkeley.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relationship between the understory shrub component of coastal forests and the conservation of forest carnivores AN - 39779120; 3853482 AU - Slauson, K Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39779120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+the+understory+shrub+component+of+coastal+forests+and+the+conservation+of+forest+carnivores&rft.au=Slauson%2C+K&rft.aulast=Slauson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Univ. of Calif. Center for Forestry, phone: 510-642-0095; email: rippee@nature.berkeley.edu; URL: cnr.berkeley.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling maize phenology as a function of temperature and photoperiod using nonlinear rate equations AN - 39778952; 3851406 AU - Kim, S-H AU - Reddy, V R AU - Timlin, D J Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39778952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Modeling+maize+phenology+as+a+function+of+temperature+and+photoperiod+using+nonlinear+rate+equations&rft.au=Kim%2C+S-H%3BReddy%2C+V+R%3BTimlin%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=S-H&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Univeristy of Florida, URL: http://conference.ifas.ufl.edu/bssg/index.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mathematical treatment of microbial lethality assays AN - 39761887; 3861161 AU - Jacks, T J AU - De Lucca, AJ Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39761887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mathematical+treatment+of+microbial+lethality+assays&rft.au=Jacks%2C+T+J%3BDe+Lucca%2C+AJ&rft.aulast=Jacks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Photosynthesis and yield of a US rice cultivar in response to CO sub(2) and temperature AN - 39737358; 3852530 AU - Baker, J T AU - Kim, S-H AU - Gitz, D C AU - Timlin, D AU - Reddy, V R Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39737358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Photosynthesis+and+yield+of+a+US+rice+cultivar+in+response+to+CO+sub%282%29+and+temperature&rft.au=Baker%2C+J+T%3BKim%2C+S-H%3BGitz%2C+D+C%3BTimlin%2C+D%3BReddy%2C+V+R&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Univeristy of Florida, URL: http://conference.ifas.ufl.edu/bssg/index.html N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene by metam sodium in a combined application of fumigants. AN - 71923434; 15137846 AB - Combined application of fumigants is a potential strategy to replace methyl bromide in the control of soil-borne pests. Unfortunately, abiotic and biotic interactions among fumigants restrict some combined application approaches. In this study, the kinetics and mechanisms of reaction between metam sodium (sodium methyldithiocarbamate) and the halogenated fumigants chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) were investigated in aqueous solution. For chloropicrin, an extremely rapid oxidation-reduction process occurred in the presence of metam sodium. The second-order rate constant for the reaction between chloropicrin and metam sodium was approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater than that for the reaction between 1,3-D isomers and metam sodium. Transformation of 1,3-D by metam sodium was associated with an aliphatic S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution process. The nucleophilic reaction of cis-1,3-D with metam sodium was significantly faster than that of the trans isomer and was correlated with a lower reaction activation energy for the cis isomer in the transition state. Combining Telone C-35 (65% 1,3-D and 35% chloropicrin) and metam sodium in solution might yield some nucleophilic sulfur species, which played an important role in the dissipation of 1,3-D. The incompatibility of chloropicrin and 1,3-D with metam sodium was also examined in soil under different application scenarios. Simultaneous application of metam sodium with chloropicrin or 1,3-D accelerated the transformation of the two halogenated fumigants, reducing their availability in soil. A sequential strategy for multiple fumigants was developed, which could be applied without the loss of active ingredient that occurs due to the reaction between fumigants. The proposed methodology may enhance pest control while maintaining environmental protection. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Zheng, Wei AU - Yates, Scott R AU - Guo, Mingxin AU - Papiernik, Sharon K AU - Kim, Jung Ho AD - George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Riverside, California 92507, USA. Wzheng@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05/19/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 19 SP - 3002 EP - 3009 VL - 52 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Allyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticides KW - Solutions KW - Thiocarbamates KW - methyldithiocarbamate KW - 144-54-7 KW - 1,3-dichloro-1-propene KW - 9H780918D0 KW - chloropicrin KW - I4JTX7Z7U2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Drug Interactions KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Insecticides -- chemistry KW - Conservation of Natural Resources KW - Pesticides -- chemistry KW - Thiocarbamates -- chemistry KW - Thiocarbamates -- administration & dosage KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- administration & dosage KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- chemistry KW - Fumigation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71923434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+chloropicrin+and+1%2C3-dichloropropene+by+metam+sodium+in+a+combined+application+of+fumigants.&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Wei%3BYates%2C+Scott+R%3BGuo%2C+Mingxin%3BPapiernik%2C+Sharon+K%3BKim%2C+Jung+Ho&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft.date=2004-05-19&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3002&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil properties in fire-consumed log burnout openings in a Missouri oak savanna AN - 18012248; 5953845 AB - Downed logs are known to increase species diversity in many forest ecosystems by increasing resource and structural complexity and by altering fire behavior in fire-prone ecosystems. In a frequently burned oak savanna in central Missouri, combustion of downed logs formed patches that have remained free of herbaceous vegetation for more than 3 years. To assess the influence of 'log burnouts' on soil conditions we compared soil chemical, biological and physical properties in log burnout zones and beneath surrounding herbaceous vegetation. Soil pH and extractable soil NO3 super(-), P, K super(+) and Ca super(2+) were all higher in the log burnouts compared to adjacent soil. There was no difference in total soil N or extractable NH4 super(+). An index of plant N availability was lower and the soil C:N ratio was higher in the burnout patches, though the magnitudes of these reductions do not explain the persistence of the bare patches. We suspect that following log combustion degraded soil aggregate structure and decreased soil porosity alters soil water availability and restricts plant colonization into the log burnouts areas. The modified soil conditions associated with fire-consumed coarse woody debris may have a long-term influence on herbaceous species diversity and spatial distribution in fire-maintained oak savannas. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Rhoades, C C AU - Meier, A J AU - Rebertus, A J AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 W. Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, crhoades@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/05/06/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 06 SP - 277 EP - 284 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 192 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Oaks KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Fires KW - Calcium KW - Potassium KW - Vegetation KW - Water availability KW - Combustion KW - Soil KW - Species diversity KW - Plants KW - Quercus KW - USA, Missouri KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18012248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Soil+properties+in+fire-consumed+log+burnout+openings+in+a+Missouri+oak+savanna&rft.au=Rhoades%2C+C+C%3BMeier%2C+A+J%3BRebertus%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Rhoades&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-05-06&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2004.01.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; USA, Missouri; Soil; Vegetation; Plants; Species diversity; Combustion; Potassium; Water availability; Fires; Calcium; Forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence, host relations and population structure of Armillaria ostoyae in Colorado campgrounds AN - 18010342; 5953843 AB - Armillaria root disease is common and widely distributed in campgrounds of southwestern Colorado. Armillaria ostoyae spreads clonally underground and kills and decays tree roots, causing mortality or predisposing the trees to windthrow. We intensively surveyed and mapped genets (clones) of the pathogen in two campgrounds on the San Juan National Forest and one on Grand Mesa National Forest (GMNF). Three additional campgrounds on the GMNF were also surveyed. Infection (based on mycelium under the bark on or near the root collar) of all sampled live trees was 10.5% (range 7.5-15.0) inside campgrounds and 12.7% (3.3-25.9) immediately outside campgrounds, suggesting that campground construction and management practices have not exacerbated the disease. Dominant trees had significantly greater incidence of infection than trees in other crown classes. Isolates of A. ostoyae were obtained from 379 trees, and genets were identified by somatic incompatibility tests and variation in DNA microsatellite markers. The pathogen occurred as one large genet in the spruce-fir campground and several large genets in each of the mixed conifer campgrounds. Based on the size and distribution of the genets, the campgrounds appeared to be almost completely colonized by mosaics of centuries old genets, and little expansion of genet territories (or disease centers) appeared possible without loss of territory by another genet. The diseased trees in the campgrounds were randomly distributed rather than being organized into discrete disease centers. Live subalpine fir had significantly lower incidence of infection (7.0%) than Engelmann spruce, blue spruce and Douglas-fir (12.0, 12.3 and 15.7%, respectively), but evidence suggests a higher rate of mortality in subalpine fir. Crown thinning and dieback were useful symptoms for detection, but basal resinosis was the most efficient symptom indicating infection. Use of a combination of aboveground symptoms to select trees for more intensive examination is the most efficient approach to detection of infected trees. The disease poses difficult obstacles to long-term management of safe vegetation in developed sites. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Worrall, J J AU - Sullivan, K F AU - Harrington, T C AU - Steimel, J P AD - Forest Health Management, USDA Forest Service, 216 N. Colorado Street, Gunnison, CO 81230, USA, jworrall@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/05/06/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 06 SP - 191 EP - 206 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 192 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Forest management KW - Recreation sites KW - Armillaria ostoyae KW - Microsatellites KW - USA, Colorado KW - Genetic markers KW - DNA KW - Parks KW - Population structure KW - D 04623:Fungi KW - K 03010:Fungi KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18010342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Incidence%2C+host+relations+and+population+structure+of+Armillaria+ostoyae+in+Colorado+campgrounds&rft.au=Worrall%2C+J+J%3BSullivan%2C+K+F%3BHarrington%2C+T+C%3BSteimel%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Worrall&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-06&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2004.01.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Armillaria ostoyae; USA, Colorado; Recreation sites; Parks; Forest management; Population structure; Microsatellites; DNA; Genetic markers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of an organophosphate-resistant strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) infested on cattle after a series of dips in coumaphos applied at different treatment intervals. AN - 72009079; 15185959 AB - Efficacy of multiple dip treatments (one to three) at 0.3% active ingredient (AI) coumpahos applied at 7- or 10-d intervals was determined against organophosphate (OP)-resistant Boophilus microplus (Canestrini). None of the treatments totally prevented repletion of all females. In the 7 d after one treatment, the percentage of reduction of female ticks was 24.8%, whereas in the 10 d after one treatment, the reduction of female numbers was 47.1%. Application of two or three dips at either interval provided substantially higher reductions in female numbers than either single treatment (range 80.2-88.8%). Percentage reduction of the index of fecundity of females (designated as percentage of control) in the 7 d after one dip provided 46.8% control, whereas control in the 10 d after one treatment was 65.6%. Again, application of two or three dips at either interval provided substantially higher control (range 92.9 to >99.9%). Although control levels after two or three dips were similar, only application of three dips at either interval provided a high enough level of control (>99.5%) to ensure that the U.S. Boophilus eradication program would not be at risk of inadvertently dispersing viable ticks. Thus, although no treatment regime prevented repletion of all treated females, application of three dips at either interval virtually eliminated production of reproductively active females, thereby eliminating the possibility that ticks would become established. It should be noted that ticks possessing different OP resistance mechanisms than ticks in this study could have higher reproductive capabilities than were observed against these treatment regimes. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Davey, Ronald B AU - George, John E AU - Miller, Robert J AD - USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Area, Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA. Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 524 EP - 528 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Coumaphos KW - L08SZ5Z5JC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Insecticides -- therapeutic use KW - Tick Infestations -- drug therapy KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Ixodidae KW - Coumaphos -- administration & dosage KW - Cattle Diseases -- parasitology KW - Cattle Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Coumaphos -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72009079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Control+of+an+organophosphate-resistant+strain+of+Boophilus+microplus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+infested+on+cattle+after+a+series+of+dips+in+coumaphos+applied+at+different+treatment+intervals.&rft.au=Davey%2C+Ronald+B%3BGeorge%2C+John+E%3BMiller%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Davey&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative resistance of Anopheles albimanus and Aedes aegypti to N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (Deet) and 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide (AI3-37220) in laboratory human-volunteer repellent assays. AN - 72007321; 15185944 AB - The insect repellents N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (Deet) and the racemate and 1S,2'S stereoisomer of 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (AI3-37220) were tested against Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann and Aedes aegypti (L.) in laboratory human-volunteer assays. Estimated skin doses of Deet or racemic AI3-37220 required to reduce biting by 95% in Ae. aegypti were 2.3 and 3.5 x 10(-2) micromol/cm2 skin, respectively, whereas estimated doses for 95% bite reduction of An. albimanus in an approximately 40-yr-old laboratory colony established from El Salvador were 5 times higher at 12 x 10(-2) micromol Deet/cm2 skin and >20 x 10(-2) micromol/cm2 skin for AI3-37220. In tests with the 1S,2'S stereoisomer of AI3-37220, a newly established colony of An. albimanus from Belize bit less aggressively than El Salvador An. albimanus. However, the Belize-derived mosquitoes were as resistant as the old El Salvador colony to repellent effects of 1S,2'S stereoisomer of 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide. Earlier workers surmised that usual skin doses of Deet would offer only limited protection against An. albimanus in the field. Our findings support this speculation, but they also indicate that doses of Deet higher than those needed for protection against Ae. aegypti might offer reasonable protection against An. albimanus. Results indicate that neither racemate nor 1S,2'S stereoisomer of 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide offer as much protection as Deet against An. Albimanus, despite being highly effective against Ae. aegypti. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Klun, Jerome A AU - Strickman, Daniel AU - Rowton, Edgar AU - Williams, Jackie AU - Kramer, Matthew AU - Roberts, Donald AU - Debboun, Mustapha AD - USDA-ARS, PSI, Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 418 EP - 422 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Piperidines KW - 0 KW - DEET KW - 134-62-3 KW - 1-(3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine KW - 69462-43-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Insect Bites and Stings KW - Animals, Laboratory KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Aedes KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Piperidines -- toxicity KW - Anopheles -- classification KW - DEET -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72007321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Comparative+resistance+of+Anopheles+albimanus+and+Aedes+aegypti+to+N%2CN-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide+%28Deet%29+and+2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide+%28AI3-37220%29+in+laboratory+human-volunteer+repellent+assays.&rft.au=Klun%2C+Jerome+A%3BStrickman%2C+Daniel%3BRowton%2C+Edgar%3BWilliams%2C+Jackie%3BKramer%2C+Matthew%3BRoberts%2C+Donald%3BDebboun%2C+Mustapha&rft.aulast=Klun&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a single application of doramectin applied either as a pour-on or injection to cattle infested with Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). AN - 72007305; 15185941 AB - The efficacy of a single treatment with a pour-on application or a subcutaneous injection of the macrocyclic lactone endectocide, doramectin, was evaluated in separate trials on Hereford heifers infested with Boophilus microplus (Canestrini). Significantly fewer ticks per calf were recovered from both groups of treated animals than from the complimentary untreated calves. The mean weights of engorged females and egg masses from both pour-on-treated and injectable-treated calves were also significantly smaller than the complimentary variables for the two groups of untreated calves. Among the treated groups, the mean weight of females from calves treated with the subcutaneous injection was 55% less than females from cattle that received the pour-on treatment and the weights of egg masses were 71% lighter than those from the pour-on-treated group. The estimates of percentage control for the two treatments were 88.6 for the pour-on formulation and a notably higher 99.8 for the injectable formulation. To obtain estimates of the effect of the treatments on the parasitic stages of the tick, cattle were infested with B. microplus larvae at three weekly intervals beginning 18 d pretreatment to ensure that, on the day of treatment, ticks in all three parasitic stages (adult, nymph, larva) would be on the cattle. The effect of the treatments on each parasitic stage was estimated by partitioning detached females into three groups by noting in which of the three 7-d intervals after detachment of engorged females began that detachment occurred. There was no difference for either the pour-on or injectable in the effect of the specific treatment on each parasitic stage. The persistent efficacy of the pour-on treatment against larvae placed on the hosts 1 wk after treatment was zero. The persistent efficacy of the injectable treatment ranged from 100 to 82.1% (mean, 93.7%) against the larvae placed on calves the first 3 wk after treatment and was still 44% against the fourth weekly posttreatment infestation. The injectable doramectin is a potential alternative to the coumaphos product now used as a precautionary treatment at USDA, Veterinary Services, Livestock Import Stations, for cattle exported from Mexico. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - George, John E AU - Davey, Ronald B AD - Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Area, 2700 Fredricksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028-9184, USA. jegeorge@ktc.com Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 402 EP - 407 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - doramectin KW - KGD7A54H5P KW - Index Medicus KW - Ovum -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Ivermectin -- therapeutic use KW - Ivermectin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Ivermectin -- administration & dosage KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Tick Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Insecticides -- therapeutic use KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Ixodidae KW - Cattle Diseases -- parasitology KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72007305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Therapeutic+and+persistent+efficacy+of+a+single+application+of+doramectin+applied+either+as+a+pour-on+or+injection+to+cattle+infested+with+Boophilus+microplus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29.&rft.au=George%2C+John+E%3BDavey%2C+Ronald+B&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of zearalenone and related metabolites by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. AN - 71952718; 15151248 AB - Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin commonly found in grains throughout the world. A number of instrument- and antibody-based methods including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed to detect zearalenone (ZEN) and related toxins in commodities and foods. Although convenient, the commercial ELISAs for small molecules such as ZEN require a washing step to separate bound and unbound enzyme label before detection. In fluorescence polarization immunoassays, separation of bound and unbound label is not required, a property that reduces the time needed to perform the assays. We developed a fluorescence polarization immunoassay for ZEN in maize. When combined with a rapid extraction technique, the assay could be used to detect as little as 0.11 microg of ZEN g(-1) maize within 10 min. The assay showed cross-reactivity to the ZEN analogs zearalanone, alpha-zearalanol, alpha-zearalenol, beta-zearalenol, and beta-zearalanol of 195, 139, 102, 71, and 20%, respectively, relative to ZEN (100%). Recovery of ZEN from spiked maize over the range of 0.5 to 5 microg g(-1) averaged 100.2% (n = 12). The fluorescence polarization immunoassay results were comparable to those obtained with a liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of 60 naturally contaminated maize samples and maize samples amended with culture material. The fluorescence polarization immunoassay provides a rapid method for screening of maize for ZEN. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Maragos, Chris M AU - Kim, Eun-Kyung AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. maragocm@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 1039 EP - 1043 VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Zearalenone KW - 5W827M159J KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - Edible Grain -- microbiology KW - Zearalenone -- isolation & purification KW - Zearalenone -- analysis KW - Edible Grain -- chemistry KW - Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71952718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Detection+of+zearalenone+and+related+metabolites+by+fluorescence+polarization+immunoassay.&rft.au=Maragos%2C+Chris+M%3BKim%2C+Eun-Kyung&rft.aulast=Maragos&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1039&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serological methods and selective agars to enumerate Campylobacter from broiler carcasses: data from inter- and intralaboratory analyses. AN - 71951911; 15151225 AB - Routine analytical means to estimate Campylobacter numbers per milliliter of carcass rinses are needed in high-sample-throughput poultry laboratories. We compared three serological confirmatory tests that were amenable to such a setting when used in conjunction with Campy-Line and Campy-Cefex Campylobacter selective agars. Pre- and post-chlorinated chiller carcass rinse samples were obtained and held on ice, then analyzed 24 h later in two separate laboratories. Presumptive counts on both pre- and postchiller samples from between laboratories on individual agars and between both agars were highly correlated. Agreement among the three serological tests was nearly complete. The use of a premeasured and dried latex anti-Campylobacter antibody agglutination test format was superior to that of either a liquid latex agglutination format or a direct phosphate-buffer microscopic technique in terms of practicality as was the inclusion of an unarmed latex control to detect auto agglutination. A routine procedure for Campylobacter level estimation was suggested. This procedure, when used in conjunction with a serological confirmatory step, should provide processors with a means to assess reductions in numbers per milliliter of carcass rinses versus strictly presence-absence testing. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Siragusa, Gregory R AU - Line, John E AU - Brooks, Leonard L AU - Hutchinson, Tina AU - Laster, Joel D AU - Apple, Robert O AD - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Russell Research Center, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA. siragusa@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 901 EP - 907 VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Agar KW - 9002-18-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Latex Fixation Tests KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Agglutination Tests KW - Prevalence KW - Culture Media -- chemistry KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- methods KW - Agar -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter -- immunology KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71951911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Serological+methods+and+selective+agars+to+enumerate+Campylobacter+from+broiler+carcasses%3A+data+from+inter-+and+intralaboratory+analyses.&rft.au=Siragusa%2C+Gregory+R%3BLine%2C+John+E%3BBrooks%2C+Leonard+L%3BHutchinson%2C+Tina%3BLaster%2C+Joel+D%3BApple%2C+Robert+O&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molluscicidal activity of vulgarone B against ram's horn snail (Planorbella trivolvis). AN - 71951292; 15154515 AB - The ram's horn snail (Planorbella trivolvis (Say)) is an intermediate host for a digenetic trematode (Bolbophorus confusus (Krause) Dubois) that has recently been discovered to be a significant problem in commercial channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf) production ponds in the Mississippi Delta region in the USA. In these catfish ponds, the digenetic life cycle of this parasitic trematode involves two intermediate hosts, the ram's horn snail and the channel catfish, and the final host, the American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin). One approach to eradicate this problem is to disrupt the life cycle of the parasitic trematodes by eliminating the snails. During our search for natural-product-based molluscicides to control the snails in the catfish ponds, vulgarone B, isolated from the steam distillate of the aerial parts of the plant Artemisia douglasiana Besser (Asteraceae), was found to be active towards the snails with a LC50 of ca 24 microM. Channel catfish toxicity studies indicated a LC50 of ca 207 microM. Vulgarone B may be an environmentally acceptable alternative for snail control in aquaculture. JF - Pest management science AU - Meepagala, Kumudini M AU - Sturtz, George AU - Mischke, Charles C AU - Wise, David AU - Duke, Stephen O AD - USDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, PO Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA. kmeepaga@olemiss.edu Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 479 EP - 482 VL - 60 IS - 5 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Molluscacides KW - 0 KW - Plant Extracts KW - Sesquiterpenes KW - vulgarone B KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Trematoda -- growth & development KW - Trematoda -- drug effects KW - Ictaluridae -- metabolism KW - Toxicity Tests, Acute KW - Plant Extracts -- toxicity KW - Ictaluridae -- parasitology KW - Sesquiterpenes -- metabolism KW - Molluscacides -- metabolism KW - Snails -- drug effects KW - Artemisia -- chemistry KW - Sesquiterpenes -- toxicity KW - Molluscacides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71951292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Molluscicidal+activity+of+vulgarone+B+against+ram%27s+horn+snail+%28Planorbella+trivolvis%29.&rft.au=Meepagala%2C+Kumudini+M%3BSturtz%2C+George%3BMischke%2C+Charles+C%3BWise%2C+David%3BDuke%2C+Stephen+O&rft.aulast=Meepagala&rft.aufirst=Kumudini&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quorum sensing: a primer for food microbiologists. AN - 71948810; 15151251 AB - Quorum sensing is a signaling mechanism through which bacteria modulate a number of cellular functions (genes), including sporulation, biofilm formation, bacteriocin production, virulence responses, as well as others. Quorum sensing is a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication and is mediated by extracellular chemical signals generated by the bacteria when specific cell densities are reached. When the concentration of the signal (and cell population) is sufficiently high, the target gene or genes are either activated or repressed. Quorum sensing increases the ability of the bacteria to have access to nutrients or to more favorable environmental niches and enhances bacterial defenses against eukaryotic hosts, competing bacteria, and environmental stresses. The physiological and clinical aspects of quorum sensing have received considerable attention and have been studied at the molecular level. Little is known, however, on the role of quorum sensing in food spoilage or in the growth and/or toxin production of pathogens present in food. A number of compounds have been isolated or synthesized that antagonize quorum sensors, and application of these antagonists may potentially be useful in inhibiting the growth or virulence mechanisms of bacteria in different environments, including food. It is important that food microbiologists have an awareness and an understanding of the mechanisms involved in bacterial quorum sensing, since strategies targeting quorum sensing may offer a means to control the growth of undesirable bacteria in foods. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Smith, James L AU - Fratamico, Pina M AU - Novak, John S AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. jsmith@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 1053 EP - 1070 VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Signal Transduction KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Bacterial Physiological Phenomena KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Bacterial Proteins -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71948810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Quorum+sensing%3A+a+primer+for+food+microbiologists.&rft.au=Smith%2C+James+L%3BFratamico%2C+Pina+M%3BNovak%2C+John+S&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1053&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method of applying sanitizers and sample preparation affects recovery of native microflora and Salmonella on whole cantaloupe surfaces. AN - 71939469; 15151239 AB - Standardized methods for applying sanitizer treatments to cantaloupes and for recovering surviving native microflora or Salmonella on inoculated cantaloupe after sanitizing are lacking. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to compare four methods for applying sanitizers (dipping, dipping with rotation, dipping with agitation, and dipping with rubbing) using 200 ppm of chlorine or 5% H2O2, two recovery methods (homogenization of rind plugs in a stomacher or blender), and five selective recovery media for Salmonella. Whole cantaloupes were submerged in a cocktail of five strains of Salmonella (each at approximately 2 x 10(8) CFU/ml) for 10 min and allowed to dry for 1 h inside a biosafety cabinet and stored at 20 degrees C for approximately 23 h before sanitizing. The recovery of Salmonella from whole cantaloupe without sanitizing averaged 5.09 log CFU/cm2 by blending and 4.30 log CFU/cm2 by homogenization in a stomacher for the five selective agar media. Microbial populations (Salmonella or the indigenous aerobic mesophilic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., and yeast and mold) were not significantly (P > 0.05) reduced by treating with water regardless of the treatment method used. Sanitizing with chlorine or H2O2 by dipping, with or without rotation for 2 min, also did not reduce microbial populations. However, populations of all classes of native microflora and Salmonella were significantly (P 0.05) for recovery of Salmonella after washing treatments. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Ukuku, Dike O AU - Fett, William F AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. dukuku@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 999 EP - 1004 VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local KW - 0 KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Index Medicus KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Chlorine -- pharmacology KW - Time Factors KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local -- pharmacology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Sanitation -- methods KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Cucumis melo -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71939469?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Method+of+applying+sanitizers+and+sample+preparation+affects+recovery+of+native+microflora+and+Salmonella+on+whole+cantaloupe+surfaces.&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+Dike+O%3BFett%2C+William+F&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=Dike&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of a bioassay and a liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry(n) method for the detection of incurred enrofloxacin residues in chicken tissues. AN - 71918815; 15141843 AB - Regulatory monitoring for most antibiotic residues in edible poultry tissues is often accomplished with accurate, although expensive and technically demanding, chemical analytical techniques. The purpose of this study is to determine if a simple, inexpensive bioassay could detect fluoroquinolone (FQ) residues in chicken muscle above the FDA established tolerance (300 ppb) comparable to a liquid chromatography-fluorescencemass spectrometry(n) method. To produce incurred enrofloxacin (ENRO) tissues (where ENRO is incorporated into complex tissue matrices) for the method comparison, 40-d-old broilers (mixed sex) were orally dosed through drinking water for 3 d at the FDA-approved dose of ENRO (50 ppm). At the end of each day of the 3-d dosing period and for 3 d postdosing, birds were sacrificed and breast and thigh muscle collected and analyzed. Both methods were able to detect ENRO at and below the tolerance level in the muscle, with limits of detection of 26 ppb (bioassay), 0.1 ppb for ENRO, and 0.5 ppb for the ENRO metabolite, ciprofloxacin (liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry(n)). All samples that had violative levels of antibiotic were detected by the bioassay. These results support the use of this bioassay as a screening method for examining large numbers of samples for regulatory monitoring. Positive samples should then be examined by a more extensive method, such as liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry(n), to provide confirmation of the analyte. JF - Poultry science AU - Schneider, M J AU - Donoghue, D J AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. mschneider@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 830 EP - 834 VL - 83 IS - 5 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Quinolones KW - enrofloxacin KW - 3DX3XEK1BN KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Fluorescence KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae -- drug effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae -- growth & development KW - Male KW - Female KW - Fluoroquinolones -- analysis KW - Quinolones -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Biological Assay KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71918815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+a+bioassay+and+a+liquid+chromatography-fluorescence-mass+spectrometry%28n%29+method+for+the+detection+of+incurred+enrofloxacin+residues+in+chicken+tissues.&rft.au=Schneider%2C+M+J%3BDonoghue%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=830&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A moderately high intake compared to a low intake of zinc depresses magnesium balance and alters indices of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. AN - 71876990; 15116072 AB - To determine whether moderately high or low intakes of zinc adversely affect the copper status of postmenopausal women to result in unfavorable changes in calcium and magnesium metabolism and other indicators of bone turnover. After a 10-day equilibration period in which the diet provided 31.5 micromol (2 mg) Cu and 137.7 micromol (9 mg) Zn/8.4 MJ (2000 kcal), the subjects were randomly divided into two groups, with one group fed the basal diet supplemented to provide 15.7 micromol (1 mg) Cu/8.4 MJ, and the other group fed the same diet supplemented to provide 47.2 micromol (3 mg) Cu/8.4 MJ. After equilibration, both groups were fed the basal diet with no zinc supplemented (provided 45.9 micromol [3 mg] Zn/8.4 MJ) for 90 days; this was followed by another 10-day equilibration period before the basal diet was supplemented with zinc to provide 811 micromol (53 mg)/8.4 MJ for 90 days. The metabolic unit of the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA. A total of 28 postmenopausal women recruited by advertisement throughout the United States of America. Among them, 25 women (64.9+6.7 y) completed the study; 21 as designed. The moderately high intake compared to the low intake of zinc increased the excretion of magnesium in the feces and urine, which resulted in a decreased magnesium balance. In the women fed low dietary copper, plasma osteocalcin was higher during the low-zinc than high-zinc dietary period. The urinary excretion of N-telopeptides was increased and the serum calcitonin concentration was decreased by high dietary zinc regardless of dietary copper. A moderately high intake of zinc (811 micromol/day; 53 mg/day) did not induce changes in copper metabolism that resulted in unfavorable changes in bone or mineral metabolism. However, low dietary zinc (45.9 micromol/day; 3 mg/day) apparently resulted in undesirable changes in circulating calcitonin and osteocalcin. As a moderately high intake of zinc decreased magnesium balance, further study of the possibility that a high intake of zinc is a health concern for individuals consuming less than the recommended amounts of magnesium is warranted. JF - European journal of clinical nutrition AU - Nielsen, F H AU - Milne, D B AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA. fnielsen@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 703 EP - 710 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0954-3007, 0954-3007 KW - Osteocalcin KW - 104982-03-8 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Calcitonin KW - 9007-12-9 KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Interactions KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Bone Density KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Calcitonin -- blood KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Osteocalcin -- blood KW - Magnesium -- metabolism KW - Magnesium -- urine KW - Zinc -- administration & dosage KW - Postmenopause -- metabolism KW - Copper -- metabolism KW - Copper -- administration & dosage KW - Zinc -- metabolism KW - Bone and Bones -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71876990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.atitle=A+moderately+high+intake+compared+to+a+low+intake+of+zinc+depresses+magnesium+balance+and+alters+indices+of+bone+turnover+in+postmenopausal+women.&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+F+H%3BMilne%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.issn=09543007&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical partitioning of aluminium in rocks, soils, and sediments acidified by mining activity. AN - 71868945; 15024545 AB - The work presented describes the application of different analytical approaches for study of aluminium mobility in rock, soil, and sediment samples affected by mining activity (secondary quartzites with sulfidic deposits). For this purpose we used a combination of the single extractions, the optimized BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure (SEP), and reactive aluminium determination after chelating ion-exchange on Ostsorb (Iontosorb) Salicyl by a batch technique with flame atomic absorption spectrometry quantification. The single extraction agents H(2)O, KCl, NH(4)Cl, and BaCl(2) were found to be the best for the quantitative estimation of the aluminium mobility in rocks, soils, and sediments caused by acidification of the environment. This fact was confirmed by reactive aluminium determination in the same samples. The vast majority of the aluminium content of samples after application of the optimized BCR three-step SEP is in the residues. The available fraction of aluminium extracted by dilute CH(3)COOH in the first step of this procedure correlates with the reactive aluminium content. The amounts of aluminium released in the second and the third steps and the sums from steps 1-3 of this procedure are closely associated with the aluminium content values obtained by the single dilute HCl leach. The accuracy of results obtained was verified with only informative values for individual fractions of the BCR three-step SEP because of the absence of suitable certified or standard reference materials. The amounts of the reactive aluminium determined in samples was in the range 12-82% of total soluble Al in the filtered H(2)O extracts. It was confirmed that the acidified polluted samples contain the most of reactive Al content, which is responsible for its toxicity. JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry AU - Matús, Peter AU - Kubová, Jana AU - Bujdos, Marek AU - Stresko, Vladimír AU - Medved, Ján AD - Faculty of Natural Sciences, Geological Institute, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia. matus@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 96 EP - 103 VL - 379 IS - 1 SN - 1618-2642, 1618-2642 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71868945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Chemical+partitioning+of+aluminium+in+rocks%2C+soils%2C+and+sediments+acidified+by+mining+activity.&rft.au=Mat%C3%BAs%2C+Peter%3BKubov%C3%A1%2C+Jana%3BBujdos%2C+Marek%3BStresko%2C+Vladim%C3%ADr%3BMedved%2C+J%C3%A1n&rft.aulast=Mat%C3%BAs&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=379&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.issn=16182642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fractionation of various elements in CRMs and in polluted soils. AN - 71864295; 14985915 AB - An optimised BCR three steps sequential extraction procedure (BCR SEP) and several single extractions with KCl, NH(4)Cl, Na(4)P(2)O(7) and 0.5 mol L(-1) HCl were used for the fractionation of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in CRMs and in samples from a mining area with sulphidic deposits. A good interlaboratory comparability was obtained for Cu, Pb and Zn in CRM 483, CRM 701, SRM 2710 and SRM 2711 by BCR SEP. The reliability of the results obtained is also very satisfactory. Some differences were found between our results and the indicative data for Al and Fe fractionation. However, serious discrepancies were found for Mn, not only for individual steps of the fractionation, but for the data obtained overall (sum of 1-3 steps), and for the total concentration as well. Our results could be utilized as a contribution to the existing indicative values for CRM 483, SRM 2710 and SRM 2711 for interlaboratory study. Moreover, data for the fractionation of elements mentioned above for CRM 701 are first presented here.A high correlation between 0.5 mol L(-1) of HCl-extractable amounts of the elements studied, and the sum of the three steps of BCR SEP in acid sulphatic weathering products and naturally acidified soils was established, which allows us to suggest this rapid and cost-effective single extraction procedure as a valuable tool in contamination assessment. JF - Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry AU - Kubová, J AU - Stresko, V AU - Bujdos, M AU - Matús, P AU - Medved', J AD - Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia. kubova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 108 EP - 114 VL - 379 IS - 1 SN - 1618-2642, 1618-2642 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Metals, Heavy KW - Soil KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Trace Elements KW - Hydrochloric Acid KW - QTT17582CB KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrophotometry, Atomic -- methods KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chemical Fractionation KW - Soil Pollutants -- standards KW - Reference Standards KW - Trace Elements -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis KW - Metals, Heavy -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- standards KW - Geologic Sediments -- analysis KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Soil -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71864295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Fractionation+of+various+elements+in+CRMs+and+in+polluted+soils.&rft.au=Kubov%C3%A1%2C+J%3BStresko%2C+V%3BBujdos%2C+M%3BMat%C3%BAs%2C+P%3BMedved%27%2C+J&rft.aulast=Kubov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=379&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+and+bioanalytical+chemistry&rft.issn=16182642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of inhibitor concentration and end-product accumulation on estimates of ruminal in vitro protein degradation. AN - 66767776; 15290983 AB - Effects of varying the concentrations of hydrazine sulfate (HS) and chloramphenicol (CAP), inhibitors of microbial-N uptake and protein synthesis, on rates of protein degradation estimated from net appearance of NH3 and total amino acids (TAA) were studied in a ruminal in vitro fermentation system. Without inhibitors, recoveries of N added as NH3 and TAA were 4 and 6% after 4-h incubations, and apparent degradation rates estimated from release of NH3 and TAA for casein, solvent soybean meal (SSBM), and expeller soybean meal (ESBM) approached 0. Increasing inhibitor concentrations from the standard amounts of 1 mM HS plus 30 mg of CAP/L to 2 mM HS plus 90 mg of CAP/ L gave rise to numerically greater N recoveries and degradation rates, but these differences were not statistically significant. Compared with the standard inhibitor concentrations, use of 2 mM HS, without CAP, yielded similar recoveries and rates, but 30 or 90 mg of CAP/L, without HS, was not satisfactory. Versus that with 1 mM HS plus 30 mg of CAP/L, media containing 2 mM HS plus 90 mg of CAP/L gave increased TAA recoveries and higher rates for casein, but not SSBM, in the presence of added starch. Faster degradation rates were obtained for casein, but slower rates for SSBM and ESBM, in Sweden versus Wisconsin using inocula from cows fed different diets but with similar CP and energy contents. Differences in microbial catabolism of peptides may account for differences in degradation rates observed between Sweden and Wisconsin. Adding NH3 plus free and peptide-bound amino acids to the inoculum reduced apparent degradation rates, possibly via end-product inhibition. Analysis of data from multiple time-point incubations indicated that casein degradation followed simple, first-order kinetics, while a biexponential model fitted degradation patterns for both SSBM and ESBM. JF - Journal of dairy science AU - Broderick, Glen A AU - Murphy, Michael L AU - Udén, Peter AD - Agricultural Research Service, USDA, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA. gbroderi@wisc.edu Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 1360 EP - 1371 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 0022-0302, 0022-0302 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Caseins KW - Dietary Proteins KW - Hydrazines KW - Peptides KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - hydrazine KW - 27RFH0GB4R KW - Chloramphenicol KW - 66974FR9Q1 KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Soybeans -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Fermentation KW - Peptides -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- drug effects KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Caseins -- metabolism KW - Cattle KW - Ammonia -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Amino Acids -- metabolism KW - Rumen -- microbiology KW - Hydrazines -- administration & dosage KW - Rumen -- drug effects KW - Dietary Proteins -- metabolism KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Rumen -- metabolism KW - Chloramphenicol -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66767776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+inhibitor+concentration+and+end-product+accumulation+on+estimates+of+ruminal+in+vitro+protein+degradation.&rft.au=Broderick%2C+Glen+A%3BMurphy%2C+Michael+L%3BUd%C3%A9n%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Broderick&rft.aufirst=Glen&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+dairy+science&rft.issn=00220302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil microbial communities associated with Bt and non-Bt corn in three soils. AN - 66659891; 15224917 AB - The effects of expression of Cry endotoxin by Bt corn (transgenic corn engineered to express Bacillus thuringiensis toxin) on soil microbial community structure were assessed in a growth chamber experiment. Two lines of transgenic corn expressing different Cry endotoxins were compared with their respective non-transgenic isolines in three soil types with differing textures. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles from bulk soil and community-level physiological profiles (CLPP) from the rhizosphere community were used to assess community structure. Differences in PLFA profiles due to soil type were significant, accounting for 73% of the total variability in the dataset. Differences in bacterial and fungal CLPP profiles due to soil type were statistically significant, but probably not biologically important, accounting for 6.3 and 3.8% of the total variability, respectively. Neither expression of Cry endotoxin nor corn line had a significant effect on microbial profiles, except in the high-clay soil where both factors significantly affected bacterial CLPP profiles (accounting for 6.6 and 6.1% of the variability in that soil, respectively). Expression of Cry endotoxin also significantly reduced the presence of eukaryotic PLFA biomarker in bulk soils, although it is unclear which groups of eukaryotes were affected. We conclude that the effects of transgenic Bt corn in this short-term experiment are small, and longer-term investigations are necessary. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Blackwood, Christopher B AU - Buyer, Jeffrey S AD - USDA-ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. blackwoc@ba.ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 832 EP - 836 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aluminum Silicates KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Biomarkers KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - Soil KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - clay KW - 1302-87-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacteria KW - Population Dynamics KW - Particle Size KW - Fungi KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Insect Control KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Bacillus thuringiensis -- genetics KW - Bacillus thuringiensis -- pathogenicity KW - Bacterial Proteins -- toxicity KW - Bacterial Toxins -- genetics KW - Endotoxins -- genetics KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Endotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Bacterial Toxins -- toxicity KW - Bacterial Toxins -- biosynthesis KW - Endotoxins -- toxicity KW - Zea mays -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66659891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Soil+microbial+communities+associated+with+Bt+and+non-Bt+corn+in+three+soils.&rft.au=Blackwood%2C+Christopher+B%3BBuyer%2C+Jeffrey+S&rft.aulast=Blackwood&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=832&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of preferential flow at varying irrigation rates by quantifying mass fluxes. AN - 66658450; 15224941 AB - Solute concentration and soluble dye studies inferring that preferential flow accelerates field-scale contaminant transport are common but flux measurements quantifying its impact are essentially nonexistent. A tile-drain facility was used to determine the influence of matrix and preferential flow processes on the flux of mobile tracers subjected to different irrigation regimes (4.4 and 0.89 mm h(-1)) in a silt loam soil. After tile outflow reached steady state either bromide (Br; 280 kg ha(-1)) or pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA; 121 kg ha(-1)) was applied through the irrigation system inside a shed (3.5 x 24 m). Bromide fluxes were monitored at an irrigation rate of 4.4 mm h(-1) while PFBA fluxes were monitored at an irrigation rate of 0.89 mm h(-1). At 4.4 mm h(-1) nearly one-third of the surface-applied Br was recovered in the tile line after only 124 mm of irrigation and was poorly fit by the one-dimensional convective-dispersive equation (CDE). On the other hand, the one-dimensional CDE fit the main PFBA breakthrough pattern almost perfectly, suggesting the PFBA transport was dominated by matrix flow. Furthermore, after 225 mm of water had been applied, less than 2% of the applied PFBA had been leached through the soil compared with more than 59% of the applied Br. This study demonstrates that the methodology of applying a narrow strip of chemical to a tile drain facility is appropriate for quantifying chemical fluxes at the small-field scale and also suggests that there may be a critical input flux whereby preferential flow is initiated. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Gish, T J AU - Kung, K J S AU - Perry, D C AU - Posner, J AU - Bubenzer, G AU - Helling, C S AU - Kladivko, E J AU - Steenhuis, T S AD - Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA-ARS, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Boulevard, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. tgish@hydrolab.arsusda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1033 EP - 1040 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Coloring Agents KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Coloring Agents -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Water Movements KW - Water Supply KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66658450?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Impact+of+preferential+flow+at+varying+irrigation+rates+by+quantifying+mass+fluxes.&rft.au=Gish%2C+T+J%3BKung%2C+K+J+S%3BPerry%2C+D+C%3BPosner%2C+J%3BBubenzer%2C+G%3BHelling%2C+C+S%3BKladivko%2C+E+J%3BSteenhuis%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Gish&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1033&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of glyphosate on the Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiosis with glyphosate-resistant transgenic soybean: a minireview. AN - 66657419; 15224916 AB - Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] expressing an insensitive 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene has revolutionized weed control in soybean production. The soybean nitrogen fixing symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, possesses a glyphosate-sensitive enzyme and upon exposure to glyphosate accumulates shikimic acid and hydroxybenzoic acids such as protocatechuic acid (PCA), accompanied with B. japonicum growth inhibition and death at high concentrations. In a series of greenhouse and field experiments, glyphosate inhibited nodulation and nodule leghemoglobin content of GR soybean. Glyphosate accumulated in nodules of field-grown GR soybean, but its effect on nitrogenase activity of GR soybean was inconsistent in field studies. In greenhouse studies, nitrogenase activity of GR soybean following glyphosate application was transiently inhibited especially in early growth stages, with the greatest inhibition occurring under moisture stress. Studies using bacteroid preparations showed that the level of glyphosate inhibition of bacteroid nitrogenase activity was related to in vitro glyphosate sensitivity of the B. japonicum strains. These studies indicate the potential for reduced nitrogen fixation in the GR soybean system; however, yield reductions due to this reduced N2 fixation in early stages of growth have not been demonstrated. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Zablotowicz, Robert M AU - Reddy, Krishna N AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. rzablotowicz@ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 825 EP - 831 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - glyphosate KW - 4632WW1X5A KW - Nitrogenase KW - EC 1.18.6.1 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Glycine KW - TE7660XO1C KW - Index Medicus KW - Insecticide Resistance -- genetics KW - Nitrogenase -- pharmacology KW - Plant Roots -- microbiology KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism KW - Symbiosis KW - Herbicides -- pharmacology KW - Soybeans -- genetics KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Glycine -- pharmacology KW - Soybeans -- enzymology KW - Glycine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Bradyrhizobium -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66657419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Impact+of+glyphosate+on+the+Bradyrhizobium+japonicum+symbiosis+with+glyphosate-resistant+transgenic+soybean%3A+a+minireview.&rft.au=Zablotowicz%2C+Robert+M%3BReddy%2C+Krishna+N&rft.aulast=Zablotowicz&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing phosphorus runoff from swine manure with dietary phytase and aluminum chloride. AN - 66655507; 15224943 AB - Phosphorus (P) runoff from fields fertilized with swine (Sus scrofa) manure has been implicated in eutrophication. Dietary modification and manure amendments have been identified as best management practices to reduce P runoff from manure. This study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary modification and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) manure amendments on reducing P in swine manure and runoff. Twenty-four pens of nursery swine were fed either a normal diet or a phytase-amended diet. Each pen was connected to a separate manure pit, which was treated with AlCl3 to give final concentrations in the liquid manure of 0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, or 0.75% (v/v). Manure was collected and applied to plots cropped with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and simulated rainfall was applied at 50 mm h(-1), sufficient to generate a minimum of 30 min of continuous runoff. Samples of manure and runoff were analyzed for P and Al concentrations. Phytase reduced manure soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) by 17%, while AlCl3 reduced manure SRP by as much as 73% compared with normal manure. Phosphorus runoff was reduced from 5.7 to 2.6 mg P L(-1) (a 53% reduction) using AlCl3. The mean SRP concentration in runoff from phytase diets without AlCl3 was 7.1 mg P L(-1) during the first rainfall simulation. When phytase and AlCl3 were used together, both manure SRP and P runoff were reduced more than if either treatment were used without the benefit of the other. Use of AlCl3 did not increase soluble Al in manure or Al lost in runoff. Results from this study indicate that producers should use dietary manipulation with phytase and AlCl3 manure amendments to reduce potential P losses from fields fertilized with swine manure. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Smith, D R AU - Moore, P A AU - Maxwell, C V AU - Haggard, B E AU - Daniel, T C AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, Purdue University, 275 South Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. drsmith@horizon.nserl.purdue.edu PY - 2004 SP - 1048 EP - 1054 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Aluminum Compounds KW - 0 KW - Chlorides KW - Fertilizers KW - Manure KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - aluminum chloride KW - 3CYT62D3GA KW - 6-Phytase KW - EC 3.1.3.26 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Water Movements KW - Rain KW - Diet KW - Swine KW - 6-Phytase -- pharmacology KW - Phosphorus -- isolation & purification KW - Aluminum Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Water Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Chlorides -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66655507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Reducing+phosphorus+runoff+from+swine+manure+with+dietary+phytase+and+aluminum+chloride.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D+R%3BMoore%2C+P+A%3BMaxwell%2C+C+V%3BHaggard%2C+B+E%3BDaniel%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1048&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ammonia volatilization from marsh-pond-marsh constructed wetlands treating swine wastewater. AN - 66655445; 15224919 AB - Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is an undesirable mechanism for the removal of nitrogen (N) from wastewater treatment wetlands. To minimize the potential for NH3 volatilization, it is important to determine how wetland design affects NH3 volatilization. The objective of this research was to determine how the presence of a pond section affects NH3 volatilization from constructed wetlands treating wastewater from a confined swine operation. Wastewater was added at different N loads to six constructed wetlands of the marsh-pond-marsh design that were located in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA. A large enclosure was used to measure NH3 volatilization from the marsh and pond sections of each wetland in July and August of 2001. Ammonia volatilized from marsh and pond sections at rates ranging from 5 to 102 mg NH3-N m(-2) h(-1). Pond sections exhibited a significantly greater increase in the rate of NH3 volatilization (p < 0.0001) than did either marsh section as N load increased. At N loads greater than 15 kg ha(-1) d(-1), NH3 volatilization accounted for 23 to 36% of the N load. Furthermore, NH3 volatilization was the dominant (54-79%) N removal mechanism at N loads greater than 15 kg ha(-1) d(-1). Without the pond sections, NH3 volatilization would have been a minor contributor (less than 12%) to the N balance of these wetlands. To minimize NH3 volatilization, continuous marsh systems should be preferred over marsh-pond-marsh systems for the treatment of wastewater from confined animal operations. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Poach, M E AU - Hunt, P G AU - Reddy, G B AU - Stone, K C AU - Matheny, T A AU - Johnson, M H AU - Sadler, E J AD - USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 29501, USA. poach@florence.ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 844 EP - 851 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Manure KW - 0 KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Agriculture KW - Animals KW - Water Supply KW - Plants KW - Volatilization KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism KW - Ecosystem KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Refuse Disposal -- methods KW - Ammonia -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66655445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Ammonia+volatilization+from+marsh-pond-marsh+constructed+wetlands+treating+swine+wastewater.&rft.au=Poach%2C+M+E%3BHunt%2C+P+G%3BReddy%2C+G+B%3BStone%2C+K+C%3BMatheny%2C+T+A%3BJohnson%2C+M+H%3BSadler%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Poach&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=844&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water flow and heat transport in frozen soil; numerical solution and freeze-thaw applications AN - 51130871; 2006-006036 AB - A new method is presented to account for phase changes in a fully implicit numerical model for coupled heat transport and variably saturated water flow involving conditions both above and below zero temperature. The method is based on a mixed formulation for both water flow and heat transport similar to the approach commonly used for the Richards equation. The approach enabled numerically stable, energy- and mass-conservative solutions. The model was evaluated by comparing predictions with data from laboratory column freezing experiments. These experiments involved 20-cm long soil columns with an internal diameter of 8 cm that were exposed at the top to a circulating fluid with a temperature of -6 degrees C. Water and soil in the columns froze from the top down during the experiment, with the freezing process inducing significant water redistribution within the soil. A new function is proposed to better describe the dependency of the thermal conductivity on the ice and water contents of frozen soils. Predicted values of the total water content compared well with measured values. The model proved to be numerically stable also for a hypothetical road problem involving simultaneous heat transport and water flow. The problem was simulated using measured values of the surface temperature for the duration of almost 1 yr. Since the road was snow-plowed during winter, surface temperatures varied more rapidly, and reached much lower values, than would have been the case under a natural snow cover. The numerical experiments demonstrate the ability of the code to cope with rapidly changing boundary conditions and very nonlinear water content and pressure head distributions in the soil profile. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Hansson, Klas AU - Simunek, Jirka AU - Mizoguchi, Masaru AU - Lundin, Lars-Christer AU - van Genuchten, Martinus T Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 693 EP - 704 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 3 IS - 2 KW - soils KW - Western Europe KW - numerical models KW - data processing KW - unsaturated zone KW - Europe KW - equations KW - vegetation KW - Scandinavia KW - saturated zone KW - physical properties KW - atmospheric transport KW - frost action KW - mathematical methods KW - digital simulation KW - heat transfer KW - frozen ground KW - Sweden KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51130871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Water+flow+and+heat+transport+in+frozen+soil%3B+numerical+solution+and+freeze-thaw+applications&rft.au=Hansson%2C+Klas%3BSimunek%2C+Jirka%3BMizoguchi%2C+Masaru%3BLundin%2C+Lars-Christer%3Bvan+Genuchten%2C+Martinus+T&rft.aulast=Hansson&rft.aufirst=Klas&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=693&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.vadosezonejournal.org LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on June 18, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmospheric transport; data processing; digital simulation; equations; Europe; frost action; frozen ground; heat transfer; mathematical methods; numerical models; physical properties; saturated zone; Scandinavia; soils; Sweden; unsaturated zone; vegetation; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of soil moisture and irrigation on propargyl bromide volatilization and movement in soil AN - 51130359; 2006-006032 AB - Propargyl bromide (3-bromo-propyne, 3BP) is a potential replacement for the soil fumigant methyl bromide. Since little is known about its movement in soil, a study was conducted to compare the volatilization and movement of 3BP in the soil profile for different irrigation treatments. A rectangular soil column was used to simulate a bed-furrow system. The surface of the bed was covered with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic (i.e., a tarp). The furrow was left uncovered. Multiple volatilization chambers were used to measure emissions from the furrows, the slopes of the bed, and the bed. The soil was fumigated by injecting 1.0 mL of 3BP to the center of the column. Three treatments were studied, no irrigation, a single 5-h surface irrigation 24 h after fumigation, and a 2-h daily surface irrigation. Volatilization was about three times greater from nonirrigated soil. Irrigation and higher initial soil moisture content were more effective in controlling 3BP volatilization than the use of a HDPE tarp. Volatilization and degradation were similar for both irrigation treatments, but the 2-h irrigation had the advantage of requiring one-third less water. Volatilization rates from the slopes of the bed were lower than from the bed surface. To obtain accurate total mass, volatilization chambers should cover the whole bed-furrow system. Short advective gas and liquid fluxes created by the irrigation had pronounced and prolonged effect on 3BP distribution and degradation. Henry's Law could not be used to predict the 3BP distribution pattern in the liquid phase even long after the irrigation ceased. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Allaire, S E AU - Yates, S R AU - Ernst, F F Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 656 EP - 667 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 3 IS - 2 KW - soils KW - propargyl bromide KW - pollutants KW - moisture KW - halogens KW - unsaturated zone KW - pollution KW - bromide ion KW - bromine KW - irrigation KW - volatilization KW - gas chromatography KW - organic compounds KW - polymers KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51130359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Effect+of+soil+moisture+and+irrigation+on+propargyl+bromide+volatilization+and+movement+in+soil&rft.au=Allaire%2C+S+E%3BYates%2C+S+R%3BErnst%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Allaire&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=656&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.vadosezonejournal.org LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on June 18, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bromide ion; bromine; gas chromatography; halogens; irrigation; moisture; organic compounds; pollutants; pollution; polymers; propargyl bromide; soils; unsaturated zone; volatilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transmembrane Partitioning of Boron and Other Elements in RAW 264.7 and HL60 Cell Cultures AN - 20237674; 6537968 AB - The trace element boron is essential for all higher plants and is beneficial or has been established as essential for several animal models of human nutrition. To help identify the biomolecules that require boron for function in humans, we determined whether intracellular boron is retained against a concentration gradient. Cells (Abelson leukemia virus BALB murine monocyte-macrophage RAW 264.7 [RAW] and HL60) and supplemented media (Dulbecco's modified essential media [+ 10% fetal calf serum] and Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium [+ 5% fetal calf serum], respectively) were analyzed for mineral concentrations after culture and subculture. Special corrections were made for trapped extracellular media in cell pellets and endocytosed media. For RAW cells, the partitioning coefficients (PC; intracellular/extracellular ratios) were, in rank order, as follows: Mn, 110; Fe, 67; P, 65; Zn, 32; K, 15; Cu, 7.1; Mg, 4.3; B, 1.7; Ca, 0.4; Na, 0.3. For HL60 cells, the partitioning coefficients were, in rank order, as follows: Mn, 212; Zn, 211; P, 123; K, 21; Fe, 16; Mg, 11; B, 1.7; Ca, 0.8; Na, 0.3. Trapped extracellular media was estimated to be 6.7 plus or minus 0.8%; trapped extracellular and endocytosed media together was 24.8 plus or minus 0.3% of the mass within the isolated cell pellets. The partitioning coefficients indicate a positive gradient for intracellular accumulation of boron, zinc, phosphorus, manganese, magnesium, potassium, iron, and copper in RAW264.7 and HL60 cells. Specifically, the data indicate the existence of a selective boron-binding molecular species within the cell or the existence of a boron-specific membrane transporter. JF - Biological Trace Element Research AU - Ralston, NVC AU - Hunt, C D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 181 EP - 192 VL - 98 IS - 2 SN - 0163-4984, 0163-4984 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Data processing KW - Fetal calf serum KW - Phosphorus KW - Animal models KW - Potassium KW - Cell culture KW - Copper KW - Nutrition KW - Boron KW - Trace elements KW - Zinc KW - Subculture KW - Monocytes KW - Magnesium KW - Iron KW - Manganese KW - Minerals KW - Media (culture) KW - F 06915:Cancer Immunology KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology KW - V 22370:Oncology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20237674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.atitle=Transmembrane+Partitioning+of+Boron+and+Other+Elements+in+RAW+264.7+and+HL60+Cell+Cultures&rft.au=Ralston%2C+NVC%3BHunt%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Ralston&rft.aufirst=NVC&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&rft.issn=01634984&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; Data processing; Fetal calf serum; Animal models; Phosphorus; Potassium; Cell culture; Copper; Boron; Nutrition; Trace elements; Zinc; Subculture; Monocytes; Magnesium; Minerals; Manganese; Iron; Media (culture) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Novel Liquid Larval Diet and Its Rearing System for Melon Fly, Bactrocera Cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) AN - 20192353; 6051865 AB - A liquid larval diet and its rearing system for Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett fruit fly production were developed. The diet was composed of brewer's yeast, sugar, antifungal agents (sodium benzoate and nipagen), citric acid, and distilled water. Sponge cloth placed in rearing trays was used as a support substrate for larvae, alleviating the need for the traditional (mill feed) bulking agent. Larval rearing of B. cucurbitae on this diet resulted in approximately 20% less pupal production and approximately 10% lighter pupal weight than from the control diet, whereas pupal density, adult emergence, adult fliers, and egg hatch showed no significant discrepancies. Pupal recovery increased with yeast concentrations up to 14.2%. Benefits derived from a liquid diet include reduction in postrearing waste, alleviation of (pesticide-free) bulking agent, and reduction in diet ingredient storage and labor. These benefits must be weighed against any reductions in production and size when large-scale mass rearing of fruit flies for use in sterile insect release programs are evaluated. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Chang, CL AU - Caceres, C AU - Jang, E B AD - U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2727 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822 Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 524 EP - 528 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts KW - Yeasts KW - Diets KW - Sugar KW - Sodium benzoate KW - Antifungal agents KW - Mass rearing KW - Wastes KW - Larvae KW - Pest control KW - Bactrocera cucurbitae KW - Tephritidae KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Fungicides KW - Distilled water KW - Emergence KW - Aquatic insects KW - Citric acid KW - K 03400:Human Diseases KW - Q1 08485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - Q5 08501:General KW - Z 05156:Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20192353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=A+Novel+Liquid+Larval+Diet+and+Its+Rearing+System+for+Melon+Fly%2C+Bactrocera+Cucurbitae+%28Diptera%3A+Tephritidae%29&rft.au=Chang%2C+CL%3BCaceres%2C+C%3BJang%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%290972.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Yeasts; Distilled water; Fungicides; Larvae; Wastes; Pest control; Emergence; Aquatic insects; Sodium benzoate; Sugar; Antifungal agents; Mass rearing; Citric acid; Bactrocera cucurbitae; Diptera; Tephritidae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097<0524:ANLLDA>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in developing plant microbial community structure as affected by contaminated water AN - 19937372; 5899494 AB - The effects of sand and clay soils and water contaminated by Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the development of rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial communities were analyzed to determine the influence of plant age on microbial community structure and composition. Community bacterial nucleic acids were extracted from lettuce rhizosphere and phyllosphere samples at different stages of plant development after the soils were irrigated with water contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 at planting and 15 days after planting. PCR was used to amplify 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) for total bacterial community composition and the products were subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Prominent DGGE bands were excised and sequenced to gain insight into the identities of predominant bacterial populations. The majority of DGGE band sequences were related to bacterial genera previously associated with the rhizosphere and phyllosphere, such as Pseudomonas, Acidobacterium, Bacillus and Agrobacterium. The PCR-DGGE patterns observed for rhizosphere samples were more complex than those obtained from the bulk soil and the phyllosphere. The Shannon index of diversity (H) was used to determine the complexity of the DGGE bands from the phyllosphere, rhizosphere and the bulk soils at different growth stages. A higher diversity was observed in the clay soil than sandy soil during the first week. Few changes in diversity were observed after the first week. The results show that microbial community development in lettuce may take about 7-12 days and this may be the most likely period for maximum pathogen contamination in plants. JF - FEMS Microbiology Ecology AU - Ibekwe, A M AU - Grieve, C M AD - USDA-ARS-George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, USA, aibekwe@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 239 EP - 248 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0168-6496, 0168-6496 KW - Lettuce KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Community structure KW - Contaminated water KW - Rhizosphere and phyllosphere KW - Escherichia coli O157:H7 KW - Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) KW - Soils (sandy) KW - Age KW - Contamination KW - Rhizosphere KW - Pollution effects KW - Pseudomonas KW - Growth stage KW - Acidobacterium KW - Clays KW - Soil KW - Agrobacterium KW - Phyllosphere KW - Sand KW - Planting KW - Escherichia coli KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Lactuca sativa KW - Bacillus KW - Developmental stages KW - Pathogens KW - Water pollution KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Community development KW - Soil pollution KW - Community composition KW - nucleic acids KW - Plant communities KW - Plants KW - rRNA 16S KW - D 04803:Pollution effects KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19937372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+developing+plant+microbial+community+structure+as+affected+by+contaminated+water&rft.au=Ibekwe%2C+A+M%3BGrieve%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Ibekwe&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Ecology&rft.issn=01686496&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.femsec.2004.01.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Soils (sandy); Contamination; Rhizosphere; Developmental stages; Pollution effects; Growth stage; Pathogens; Gel electrophoresis; Water pollution; Community development; Clays; Soil pollution; Soil; Community composition; nucleic acids; Phyllosphere; Sand; Community structure; Planting; Plants; Plant communities; Polymerase chain reaction; rRNA 16S; Agrobacterium; Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas; Lactuca sativa; Acidobacterium; Bacillus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.01.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gaseous emissions from burning diesel, crude and prime bleachable summer yellow cottonseed oil in a burner for drying seedcotton AN - 19925044; 5827398 AB - Cottonseed oil has been used as a fuel source either as a blend with diesel in varying proportions or undiluted (100%) in numerous studies evaluating its potential use in internal combustion engines. However, limited research is available on the use of cottonseed oil as a fuel source in a multi-fueled burner similar to those used by cottonseed oil mills and cotton gins in their drying operations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate emissions from five fuel oil treatments while firing a multi-fueled burner in a setup similar to those used for drying operations of both cottonseed oil mills and cotton gins. For each treatment, gaseous emissions were measured while firing the burner at three fuel flow rates. The five fuel oil treatments evaluated were: (1) No. 2 diesel at 28.3 degree C, (2) prime bleachable summer yellow (PBSY) cottonseed oil at 28.3 degree C (PBSY-28), (3) crude cottonseed oil at 28.3 degree C (Crude-28), (4) PBSY at 60 degree C (PBSY-60), and (5) crude at 60 degree C (Crude-60). Results indicate that PBSY treatments had the lowest overall emissions of all treatments. The other treatments varied in emission rates based on treatment and fuel flow rate. Preheating the oil to 60 degree C resulted in higher NO sub(x) emissions but displayed varying results in regards to CO. The CO emissions for the crude treatments were relatively unaffected by the 60 degree C preheat temperature whereas the preheated PBSY treatments demonstrated lower CO emissions. Overall, both cottonseed oils performed well in the multi-fueled burner and displayed a promising potential as an alternative fuel source for cottonseed oil mills and cotton gins in their drying operations. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Holt, G A AU - Hooker, J D AD - Cotton Production and Processing Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Rt. 3 Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA, gholt@lbk.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 261 EP - 267 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 92 IS - 3 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - cottonseed oil KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Cottonseed oil KW - Gaseous emissions KW - Diesel KW - Cotton gins KW - Cottonseed oil mills KW - Drying KW - Temperature effects KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Cotton KW - Fuels KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Combustion KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Oil KW - Furnaces KW - Emission measurements KW - Burning KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - W 30930:Agricultural Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19925044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Gaseous+emissions+from+burning+diesel%2C+crude+and+prime+bleachable+summer+yellow+cottonseed+oil+in+a+burner+for+drying+seedcotton&rft.au=Holt%2C+G+A%3BHooker%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2003.09.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Temperature effects; Cotton; Fuels; Drying; Diesel; Burning; Combustion; Carbon monoxide; Manufacturing industry; Furnaces; Emission measurements; Nitrogen oxides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2003.09.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contingent valuation, net marginal benefits, and the scale of riparian ecosystem restoration AN - 19923756; 5913675 AB - A study was undertaken to estimate the benefits and costs of riparian restoration projects along the Little Tennessee River in western North Carolina. Restoration benefits were described in terms of five indicators of ecosystem services: abundance of game fish, water clarity, wildlife habitat, allowable water uses, and ecosystem naturalness. A sequence of dichotomous choice contingent valuation questions were presented to local residents to assess household willingness to pay increased county sales taxes for differing amounts of riparian restoration. Results showed that the benefits of ecosystem restoration were a non-linear function of restoration scale and the benefits of full restoration were super-additive. We estimated the costs of riparian restoration activities by collecting and analyzing data from 35 projects in the study area. After adjusting our estimated valuation function for socio-economic characteristics of the local population, the benefit/cost ratio for riparian restoration ranged from 4.03 (for 2 miles of restoration) to 15.65 (for 6 miles of restoration). Riparian restoration in this watershed is therefore an economically feasible investment of public funds at all measured spatial scales. JF - Ecological Economics AU - Holmes, T P AU - Bergstrom, J C AU - Huszar, E AU - Kask, S B AU - Orr, F III AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 12254, Research Triangle Park, NC 27701, USA, tholmes@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 19 EP - 30 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0921-8009, 0921-8009 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Riparian restoration KW - Contingent valuation KW - Super-additivity KW - Complements in valuation KW - USA, North Carolina KW - willingness to pay KW - Funds KW - Wildlife conservation KW - Socioeconomics KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Sport fishing KW - Restoration KW - Taxation KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Costs KW - spatial distribution KW - Taxes KW - households KW - Socioeconomic aspects KW - Economics KW - Riparian environments KW - Investment KW - USA, Little Tennessee R. KW - water use KW - Rivers KW - Wildlife KW - Habitat KW - Game fish KW - Water use KW - funds KW - Habitat improvement KW - Households KW - contingent valuation KW - Environmental restoration KW - Fish KW - Economic benefits KW - abundance KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - M3 1130:Water KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19923756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Contingent+valuation%2C+net+marginal+benefits%2C+and+the+scale+of+riparian+ecosystem+restoration&rft.au=Holmes%2C+T+P%3BBergstrom%2C+J+C%3BHuszar%2C+E%3BKask%2C+S+B%3BOrr%2C+F+III&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecolecon.2003.10.015 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Costs; Taxes; Socioeconomic aspects; Habitat improvement; Riparian environments; Water quality; Watersheds; Game fish; Economic benefits; Restoration; Sport fishing; Cost-benefit analysis; Water use; Funds; Households; Economics; Wildlife conservation; Contingent valuation; Environmental restoration; Investment; water use; willingness to pay; Wildlife; Socioeconomics; Habitat; Taxation; spatial distribution; households; funds; contingent valuation; Fish; abundance; USA, North Carolina; USA, Little Tennessee R.; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2003.10.015 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A method to detect oxidative stress by monitoring changes in the extracellular antioxidant capacity in plant suspension cells AN - 19811116; 6387628 AB - Detection of H sub(2)O sub(2) in the supernatant of plant suspension cells is often used to indicate the time and extent of the oxidative burst during interactions with either bacteria or pathogen-related elicitors. We have found that suspensions of plant cells, depending on conditions, may produce considerable levels of extracellular phenolics that can function as antioxidants and prevent or suppress the detection of H sub(2)O sub(2). These compounds can be used as substrates by extracellular peroxidases to scavenge stoichiometric amounts of H sub(2)O sub(2). When this occurs during plant/pathogen interactions it can mask both the timing and extent of the oxidative burst if detection of free H sub(2)O sub(2) is the only technique used. We have developed a chemiluminescent technique that will account for the H sub(2)O sub(2) scavenged by these extracellular metabolites. A known quantity of H sub(2)O sub(2) is added to samples and allowed to react with the extracellular antioxidants. The amount of H sub(2)O sub(2) that remains is then determined by adding luminol to the sample and measuring luminol-dependent-chemiluminescence. The difference between treated and control samples represents the amount of H sub(2)O sub(2) that has been produced by the cells in response to the treatment. We have found that this technique provides a better estimate of both the magnitude and timing of the oxidative burst in bacterial/suspension cell systems. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Baker, C J AU - Mock, N M AD - US Department of Agriculture, Plant Sciences Institute, Bldg 004 Rm. 119, Beltsville MD 20705, USA, bakerc@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 255 EP - 261 VL - 64 IS - 5 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Antioxidants KW - Plant cells KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Oxidative stress KW - Peroxidase KW - phenolic compounds KW - Metabolites KW - Pathogens KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19811116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=A+method+to+detect+oxidative+stress+by+monitoring+changes+in+the+extracellular+antioxidant+capacity+in+plant+suspension+cells&rft.au=Baker%2C+C+J%3BMock%2C+N+M&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.pmpp.2004.09.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antioxidants; Plant cells; Oxidative stress; Hydrogen peroxide; Peroxidase; phenolic compounds; Metabolites; Pathogens DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.09.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - REGENERATION OF BLACK GRAMA (BOUTELOUA ERIOPODA TORR. TORR) PLANTS VIA SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AN - 19391500; 8695356 AB - Black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) is an important forage grass in southwestern USA rangelands. Plants were regenerated by somatic embryogenesis. Surface-disinfested seeds were germinated and the embryonic shoots were excised and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium gelled with agar. Callus was induced from apical meristems. Calluses were cultured on MS solid medium with six concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or Dicamba (6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) for 6 wk under light or dark conditions. Somatic embryo induction was greatest on 4.52 mu M Dicamba, under light, after transferring to an auxin-free medium. Embryo development progressed from globular torpedo to mature embryos phenotypically identical to those naturally produced in seed. These germinated and grew into intact plants and were established in soil and grown to maturity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of somatic embryo induction and regeneration in black grama grass. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Osuna, Pedro AU - Barrow, Jerry R AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range, P.O. Box 30003, MSC 3JER, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, jbarrow@nmsu.edu Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 299 EP - 302 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - range grass KW - arid KW - drought KW - endophyte KW - symbiosis KW - 2,4-D KW - Agar KW - Seeds KW - Torpedo KW - Meristems KW - Grasses KW - Callus KW - Light effects KW - Shoots KW - Soil KW - Rangelands KW - Bouteloua eriopoda KW - Somatic embryos KW - Somatic embryogenesis KW - Maturity KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19391500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=REGENERATION+OF+BLACK+GRAMA+%28BOUTELOUA+ERIOPODA+TORR.+TORR%29+PLANTS+VIA+SOMATIC+EMBRYOGENESIS&rft.au=Osuna%2C+Pedro%3BBarrow%2C+Jerry+R&rft.aulast=Osuna&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1054-5476%282004%290402.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 2,4-D; Agar; Seeds; Meristems; Grasses; Callus; Light effects; Soil; Shoots; Rangelands; Somatic embryos; Somatic embryogenesis; Maturity; Torpedo; Bouteloua eriopoda DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1054-5476(2004)040[0299:ROBGBE]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patch burning effects on grazing distribution AN - 19340734; 8697771 AB - Post-fire forage growth is known to be a strong attractant for large herbivores. However, fire has generally been avoided as a grazing distribution tool for fear of localized over utilization of forage resources. Our objectives were to examine whether forage utilization was affected by season of burn, determine cattle grazing preference for burned sites relative to non-burned sites, determine forb response to patch burning, and describe the relationship between end-of-season standing crop and distance from burned sites. Sixteen, 4-ha plots were burned in mid-November or mid-April and left exposed to cattle grazing for the duration of the growing season. Burn treatments were blocked within pastures to allow individual herds access to fall-burned, spring-burned, and non-burned sites. Standing crop estimates for grasses, forbs, and total herbage were made in September by clipping on burned sites and at 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 m distant from the plot's edge. Standing crop was also sampled in exclosures on burned and non-burned sites. Cattle showed no preference for one burn season over the other. Cattle were strongly attracted to burned sites, reducing grass standing crop 78% within burns compared to 19% outside the influence of burns. Grass standing crop decreased in a predictable manner with proximity to burned plots. Forbs increased 60% to 1,095 kg ha-1 on grazed burned plots, but were unaffected by distance from burns. Patch burning can be employed as an effective, inexpensive grazing distribution tool. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Vermeire, Lance T AU - Mitchell, Robert B AU - Fuhlendorf, Samuel D AU - Gillen, Robert L AD - Rangeland Scientist, USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, 243 Fort Keogh Rd., Miles City, Mont. 59301 Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 248 EP - 252 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - animal behavior KW - fire KW - grazing management KW - mixed prairie KW - selection KW - Burns KW - Fires KW - Grazing KW - Grasses KW - Forbs KW - Burning KW - Pasture KW - Standing crop KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19340734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Patch+burning+effects+on+grazing+distribution&rft.au=Vermeire%2C+Lance+T%3BMitchell%2C+Robert+B%3BFuhlendorf%2C+Samuel+D%3BGillen%2C+Robert+L&rft.aulast=Vermeire&rft.aufirst=Lance&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Burns; Fires; Grasses; Grazing; Forbs; Burning; Pasture; Standing crop DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0248:PBEOGD]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation, phosphorus, and dust gradients downwind from a cattle feedyard AN - 19339669; 8697777 JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Todd, Richard W AU - Guo, Wenxuan AU - Stewart, Bobby A AU - Robinson, Clay AD - Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Tex Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 291 EP - 299 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - shortgrass steppe KW - vegetation change KW - plant nutrients KW - nutrient transport KW - feedyard dust KW - soil phosphorus KW - Rangelands KW - Phosphorus KW - Vegetation KW - Dust KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19339669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Vegetation%2C+phosphorus%2C+and+dust+gradients+downwind+from+a+cattle+feedyard&rft.au=Todd%2C+Richard+W%3BGuo%2C+Wenxuan%3BStewart%2C+Bobby+A%3BRobinson%2C+Clay&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rangelands; Phosphorus; Vegetation; Dust DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0291:VPADGD]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic engineering for improved fermentation of pentoses by yeasts AN - 19265762; 5836576 AB - The fermentation of xylose is essential for the bioconversion of lignocellulose to fuels and chemicals, but wild-type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae do not metabolize xylose, so researchers have engineered xylose metabolism in this yeast. Glucose transporters mediate xylose uptake, but no transporter specific for xylose has yet been identified. Over-expressing genes for aldose (xylose) reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase and moderate levels of xylulokinase enable xylose assimilation and fermentation, but a balanced supply of NAD(P) and NAD(P)H must be maintained to avoid xylitol production. Reducing production of NADPH by blocking the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle can reduce xylitol formation, but this occurs at the expense of xylose assimilation. Respiration is critical for growth on xylose by both native xylose-fermenting yeasts and recombinant S, cerevisiae. Anaerobic growth by recombinant mutants has been reported. Reducing the respiration capacity of xylose-metabolizing yeasts increases ethanol production. Recently, two routes for arabinose metabolism have been engineered in S. cerevisiae and adapted strains of Pichia stipitis have been shown to ferment hydrolysates with ethanol yields of 0.45 g g super(-1) sugar consumed, so commercialization seems feasible for some applications. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Jeffries, T W AU - Jin, Y S AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, WI 53726-2398, Madison, USA, twjeffries@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 495 EP - 509 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 63 IS - 5 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - budding yeast KW - ethanol KW - pentoses KW - xylitol KW - xylitol dehydrogenase KW - Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Yeasts KW - Fermentation KW - Aldehyde reductase KW - Xylulokinase KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19265762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Metabolic+engineering+for+improved+fermentation+of+pentoses+by+yeasts&rft.au=Jeffries%2C+T+W%3BJin%2C+Y+S&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-003-1450-0 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00253/bibs/4063005/40630495.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yeasts; Fermentation; Aldehyde reductase; Xylulokinase; Anaerobic conditions; Saccharomyces cerevisiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1450-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimizing reserve expansion for disjunct populations of San Joaquin kit fox AN - 19219518; 5793246 AB - Expanding habitat protection is a common strategy for species conservation. We present a model to optimize the expansion of reserves for disjunct populations of an endangered species. The objective is to maximize the expected number of surviving populations subject to budget and habitat constraints. The model accounts for benefits of reserve expansion in terms of likelihood of persistence of each population and monetary cost. Solving the model with incrementally higher budgets helps prioritize sites for expansion and produces a cost curve showing funds required for incremental increases in the objective. We applied the model to the problem of allocating funds among eight reserves for the endangered San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) in California, USA. The priorities for reserve expansion were related to land cost and amount of already-protected habitat at each site. Western Kern and Ciervo-Panoche sites received highest priority because land costs were low and moderate amounts of already-protected habitat resulted in large reductions in extinction risk for small increments of habitat protection. The sensitivity analysis focused on the impacts of kit fox reproductive success and home range in non-native grassland sites. If grassland habitat is lower quality than brushland habitat resulting in higher annual variation in reproductive success or larger home ranges, then protecting habitat at the best grassland site (Ciervo-Panoche) is not cost- efficient relative to shrubland sites (Western Kern, Antelope Plain, Carrizo Plain). Finally, results suggested that lowest priority should be given to three relatively high-cost grassland sites (Camp Roberts, Contra Costa, and Western Madera) because protecting habitat at those sites would be expensive and have little effect on the expected number of surviving kit fox populations. JF - Biological Conservation AU - Haight, R G AU - Cypher, B AU - Kelly, P A AU - Phillips, S AU - Ralls, K AU - Possingham, H P AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1992 Folwell Ave. St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, rhaight@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 61 EP - 72 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 117 IS - 1 SN - 0006-3207, 0006-3207 KW - San joaquin kit fox KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Endangered species KW - Conservation KW - Nature reserves KW - USA, California KW - Vulpes macrotis mutica KW - Models KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19219518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=Optimizing+reserve+expansion+for+disjunct+populations+of+San+Joaquin+kit+fox&rft.au=Haight%2C+R+G%3BCypher%2C+B%3BKelly%2C+P+A%3BPhillips%2C+S%3BRalls%2C+K%3BPossingham%2C+H+P&rft.aulast=Haight&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Conservation&rft.issn=00063207&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0006-3207%2803%2900263-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vulpes macrotis mutica; USA, California; Nature reserves; Models; Conservation; Endangered species DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00263-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Belowground carbon cycling in a humid tropical forest decreases with fertilization AN - 18064748; 6014227 AB - Only a small fraction of the carbon (C) allocated belowground by trees is retained by soils in long-lived, decay-resistant forms, yet because of the large magnitude of terrestrial primary productivity, even small changes in C allocation or retention can alter terrestrial C storage. The humid tropics exert a disproportionately large influence over terrestrial C storage, but C allocation and belowground retention in these ecosystems remain poorly quantified. Using mass balance and super(13)C isotope methods, we examined the effects of afforestation and fertilization, two land-use changes of large-scale importance, on belowground C cycling at a humid tropical site in Hawaii. Here we report that in unfertilized plots, 80% of the C allocated belowground by trees to roots and mycorrhizae was returned to the atmosphere within 1 year; 9% of the belowground C flux was retained in coarse roots and 11% was retained as new soil C. The gains in new soil C were offset entirely by losses of old soil C. Further, while fertilization early in stand development increased C storage in the litter layer and in coarse roots, it reduced by 22% the flux of C moving through roots and mycorrhizae into mineral soils. Because soil C formation rates related strongly to rhizosphere C flux, fertilization may reduce an already limited capacity of these forests to sequester decay-resistant soil C. JF - Oecologia AU - Giardina, C P AU - Binkley, D AU - Ryan, M G AU - Fownes, J H AU - Senock, R S AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 410 MacInnes Drive, MI 49931, Houghton, USA, cgiardina@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 545 EP - 550 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 139 IS - 4 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fertilization KW - Tropical environment KW - Carbon cycle KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18064748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Belowground+carbon+cycling+in+a+humid+tropical+forest+decreases+with+fertilization&rft.au=Giardina%2C+C+P%3BBinkley%2C+D%3BRyan%2C+M+G%3BFownes%2C+J+H%3BSenock%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Giardina&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00442-004-1552-0 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00442/bibs/4139004/41390545.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tropical environment; Fertilization; Carbon cycle DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1552-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host Location Behavior in a Parasitoid of Imported Fire Ants AN - 18062266; 6024064 AB - Female parasitoids use a hierarchy of cues to locate suitable hosts. We conducted a series of field observations and experiments to examine host location behavior in Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier, a phorid parasitoid of Solenopsis invicta Buren worker ants. The parasitoids were frequently attracted to host workers at disturbed colonies, but were almost never attracted to host workers foraging at baits. When conspecific nonnestmate workers were introduced to baits, resulting in aggressive interactions, parasitoids appeared at the majority of baits. Moreover, larger numbers of parasitoids appeared at baits to which greater numbers of nonnestmate workers had been added. Addition of nonnestmate workers to disturbed colonies resulted in increased numbers of parasitoids attracted. Pseudacteon tricuspis did not display a pattern of uniform distribution at disturbed colonies but often was very abundant at some colony locations while absent or rare at nearby colony locations. Solenopsis invicta workers release alarm pheromones in aggressive interactions with nonnestmates, and this substance is likely an important chemical cue that attracts P. tricuspis flies to host workers from a distance. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Morrison, L W AU - King, J R AD - Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, Florida 32604, lmorrison@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu. Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 367 EP - 383 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - Diptera KW - Hymenoptera KW - Red imported fire ant KW - Ants KW - Humpbacked flies KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Formicidae KW - Pseudacteon tricuspis KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Aggressive behavior KW - Alarm pheromone KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Host location KW - Phoridae KW - Parasitoids KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18062266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Host+Location+Behavior+in+a+Parasitoid+of+Imported+Fire+Ants&rft.au=Morrison%2C+L+W%3BKing%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOIR.0000031537.41582.d1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solenopsis invicta; Formicidae; Pseudacteon tricuspis; Phoridae; Host location; Parasitoids; Host-parasite interactions; Aggressive behavior; Alarm pheromone; Spatial distribution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOIR.0000031537.41582.d1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Xylella fastidiosa subspecies: X. fastidiosa subsp piercei, subsp. nov., X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex subsp. nov., and X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca subsp. nov AN - 18061416; 6007833 AB - Xylella fastidiosa, a fastidious bacterium causing disease in over 100 plant species, is classified as a single species, although genetic studies support multiple taxons. To determine the taxonomic relatedness among strains of X. fastidiosa, we conducted DNA-DNA relatedness assays and sequenced the 16S-23S intergenic spacer (ITS) region using 26 strains from 10 hosts. Under stringent conditions (T sub(m)-15 degree C), the DNA relatedness for most X. fastidiosa strains was *70%. However, at high stringency (T sub(m)-8 degree C), three distinct genotypes (A, B, and C) were revealed. Taxon A included strains from cultivated grape, alfalfa, almond (two), and maple, interrelated by 85% (mean); taxon B included strains from peach, elm, plum, pigeon grape, sycamore, and almond (one), interrelated by 84%; and taxon C included only strains from citrus, interrelated by 87%. The mean reciprocal relatedness between taxons A and B, A and C, and B and C, were 58, 41, and 45%, respectively. ITS results also indicated the same grouping; taxons A and B, A and C, and B and C had identities of 98.7, 97.9, and 99.2%, respectively. Previous and present phenotypic data supports the molecular data. Taxon A strains grow faster on Pierce's disease agar medium whereas B and C strains grow more slowly. Taxon B and C strains are susceptible to penicillin and resistant to carbenicillin whereas A strains are opposite. Each taxon can be differentiated serologically as well as by structural proteins. We propose taxons A, B, and C be named X. fastidiosa subsp. piercei, subsp. nov, subsp. multiplex, subsp. nov., and subsp. pauca, subsp. nov., respectively. The type strains of the subspecies are subsp. piercei ICPB 50025 (=ATTC 35879 super(T) and ICMP 15197), subsp. multiplex ICPB 50039 (=ATTC 35871 and ICMP 15199), and subsp. pauca ICPB 50031 (=ICMP 15198). JF - Systematic and Applied Microbiology AU - Schaad, N W AU - Postnikova, E AU - Lacy, G AU - Fatmi, M AU - Chang, C-J AD - ARS-USDA, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 290 EP - 300 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0723-2020, 0723-2020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Spacer region KW - rRNA 16S-23S KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - DNA KW - Taxonomy KW - Genotypes KW - Phenotypes KW - Hybridization analysis KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18061416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Xylella+fastidiosa+subspecies%3A+X.+fastidiosa+subsp+piercei%2C+subsp.+nov.%2C+X.+fastidiosa+subsp.+multiplex+subsp.+nov.%2C+and+X.+fastidiosa+subsp.+pauca+subsp.+nov&rft.au=Schaad%2C+N+W%3BPostnikova%2C+E%3BLacy%2C+G%3BFatmi%2C+M%3BChang%2C+C-J&rft.aulast=Schaad&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Systematic+and+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=07232020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xylella fastidiosa; DNA; Hybridization analysis; Spacer region; Genotypes; Phenotypes; rRNA 16S-23S; Taxonomy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Avoidance of nonhost plants by a bark beetle, Pityogenes bidentatus, in a forest of odors AN - 18057094; 6014213 AB - The bark beetle, Pityogenes bidentatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), searches in mixed conifer and deciduous forests of northern Europe for suitable branches of its host, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). We tested whether odors from several diverse nonhost trees and plants common in the habitat (e.g., mountain ash, Sorbus aucuparia; oak, Quercus robur; alder buckthorn, Frangula alnus; blueberry, Vaccinium myrtillus; raspberry, Rubus idaeus; and grass, Deschampsia flexuosa) would reduce the attraction of the bark beetle to traps releasing its aggregation pheromone components in the field. Volatiles from the leaves or bark of each of these plants significantly reduced the attraction of the beetles to their pheromone. Odors collected from these nonhosts and analyzed by GC/MS contained monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and 'green-leaf" alcohols, several of which (e.g., 1-octene-3-ol and beta -caryophyllene) reduced the attraction to pheromone in the field and elicited electroantennographic responses. In the laboratory, reproduction by the beetle was marginal in nonhost Norway spruce, Picea abies, and was absent in the other nonhost trees. Olfactory avoidance of unsuitable nonhosts may have evolved due to advantages in avoiding mistakes during host selection. JF - Naturwissenschaften AU - Byers, JA AU - Zhang, Q H AU - Birgersson, G AD - Department of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden, jbyers@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 215 EP - 219 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 91 IS - 5 SN - 0028-1042, 0028-1042 KW - Scots pine KW - Pedunculate Oak KW - Glossy Buckthorn KW - Bilberry KW - Coleoptera KW - Bark beetles KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Forests KW - Sorbus aucuparia KW - Avoidance behavior KW - Host plants KW - Rubus idaeus KW - Quercus robur KW - Frangula alnus KW - Pinus sylvestris KW - Deschampsia flexuosa KW - Host selection KW - Vaccinium myrtillus KW - Olfaction KW - Pityogenes bidentatus KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18057094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naturwissenschaften&rft.atitle=Avoidance+of+nonhost+plants+by+a+bark+beetle%2C+Pityogenes+bidentatus%2C+in+a+forest+of+odors&rft.au=Byers%2C+JA%3BZhang%2C+Q+H%3BBirgersson%2C+G&rft.aulast=Byers&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Naturwissenschaften&rft.issn=00281042&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00114-004-0520-1 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00114/bibs/4091005/40910215.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pityogenes bidentatus; Pinus sylvestris; Sorbus aucuparia; Quercus robur; Frangula alnus; Vaccinium myrtillus; Rubus idaeus; Deschampsia flexuosa; Scolytidae; Host plants; Forests; Host selection; Olfaction; Avoidance behavior DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-004-0520-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to Orange (Citrus sinensis L.) Trees, Fruit, and Oil Enhances Mating Success of Male Mediterranean Fruit Flies (Ceratitis capitata [Wiedemann]) AN - 18056017; 6024059 AB - Previous laboratory tests revealed that exposure to oranges (Citrus sinensis L.) increased the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (medfly). This advantage may have resulted from male exposure to alpha -copaene (a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon and known male attractant) in the peel, as pure alpha -copaene has been shown to increase the mating success of male medflies. Working with orange trees as well, we investigated whether male exposure to nonfruiting trees, leaves (also known to contain alpha -copaene albeit at a lower concentration than fruit), and fruit conferred a mating advantage to wild-like males in field-cage tests. Males exposed to entire nonfruiting trees or leaves had a mating advantage over control males (exposed to a nonhost plant) in trials conducted 1 day but not 3 days after exposure. Males exposed to orange fruits had higher mating success than control males (exposed to apples) in trials conducted 1 and 3 days after exposure. Enhanced mating success was observed only when males were permitted to contact the orange leaves and fruits; aroma alone did not affect male mating success. In addition, we examined whether exposure to commercially available orange oil, which also contains alpha -copaene, enhanced the mating performance of wild-like and mass-reared sterile males. Heightened mating success was observed in trials conducted 1 and 3 days after exposure for both types of males, and in this case aroma alone had a positive effect on male mating success. Future research should attempt to identify the behavioral, physiological, or chemical mechanisms underlying the observed increases in male mating success. JF - Journal of Insect Behavior AU - Shelly, T AU - Dang, C AU - Kennelly, S AD - USDA-APHIS, Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795, todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 303 EP - 315 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0892-7553, 0892-7553 KW - ^a-copaene KW - Diptera KW - Sweet orange KW - Mediterranean fruit fly KW - Fruit flies KW - a-copaene KW - alpha -copaene KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ceratitis capitata KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Fruit trees KW - Tephritidae KW - Citrus sinensis KW - Breeding success KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18056017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+Orange+%28Citrus+sinensis+L.%29+Trees%2C+Fruit%2C+and+Oil+Enhances+Mating+Success+of+Male+Mediterranean+Fruit+Flies+%28Ceratitis+capitata+%5BWiedemann%5D%29&rft.au=Shelly%2C+T%3BDang%2C+C%3BKennelly%2C+S&rft.aulast=Shelly&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Behavior&rft.issn=08927553&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOIR.0000031532.29287.95 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Citrus sinensis; Ceratitis capitata; Tephritidae; Breeding success; Hydrocarbons; Fruit trees DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOIR.0000031532.29287.95 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative analysis of transcriptional regulatory elements of glutamate-dependent acid-resistance systems of Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 18009347; 5953748 AB - The ability to withstand an acid-challenge of pH 2.5 or less by Shigella flexneri is a necessary trait for virulence and is generally believed to be restricted to the stationary-phase of growth. Earlier reports indicated the glutamate-dependent acid-resistance (GDAR) system of S. flexneri is under the regulation of rpoS, the gene encoding alternative sigma factor that is induced in the stationary-growth phase. The present study reports that unlike Escherichia coli O157:H7, S. flexneri cells when grown in minimal medium, require acid-induction in the stationary-growth phase for a functional GDAR. When grown on complex medium at pH 5.5, GDAR of S. flexneri was vigorous compared to the cells grown at pH 7.5. No acid-induction was required for the stationary phase E. coli cells grown on either minimal or complex growth media. Distinct differences in the gadA, gadBC, gadE, and hdeA (but not in rpoS) transcript levels were observed in the stationary-growth phase cells between the two pathogens grown on minimal medium. Additionally, rpoS-independent acid-induction of GDAR in the logarithmic growth phase that has been recently observed in E. coli strains [FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 227 (2003) 39-45] was not detected in the S. flexneri rpoS mutant. Although some differences in the DNA sequence at the upstream regulatory elements of gadBC were noticed, they do not appear to be significant and involvement of additional regulators in S. flexneri is anticipated, which also may explain the observed differences in the GDAR of two enteric pathogens. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Bhagwat, A A AU - Bhagwat, M AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Bldg. 002, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 01 SP - 139 EP - 147 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 234 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - gadBC gene KW - gadE gene KW - hdeA gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Shigella flexneri KW - Escherichia coli KW - Transcription KW - Sigma factor KW - pH effects KW - gadA gene KW - Media (culture) KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18009347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+transcriptional+regulatory+elements+of+glutamate-dependent+acid-resistance+systems+of+Shigella+flexneri+and+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Bhagwat%2C+A+A%3BBhagwat%2C+M&rft.aulast=Bhagwat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=234&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.femsle.2004.03.020 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virulence; Transcription; Sigma factor; gadA gene; pH effects; Media (culture); Shigella flexneri; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.03.020 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal dynamics of forest canopy gaps following selective logging in the eastern Amazon AN - 18005997; 5947810 AB - Selective logging is a dominant form of land use in the Amazon basin and throughout the humid tropics, yet little is known about the spatial variability of forest canopy gap formation and closure following timber harvests. We established chronosequences of large-area (14-158 ha) selective logging sites spanning a 3.5-year period of forest regeneration and two distinct harvest methods: conventional logging (CL) and reduced-impact logging (RIL). Our goals were to: (1) determine the spatial characteristics of canopy gap fraction immediately following selective logging in the eastern Amazon; (2) determine the degree and rate of canopy closure in early years following harvest among the major landscape features associated with logging - tree falls, roads, skid trails and log decks; and (3) quantify spatial and temporal differences in canopy opening and closure in high- and low-damage harvests (CL vs. RIL). Across a wide range of harvest intensities (2.6-6.4 felled trees ha super(-1)), the majority of ground damage occurred as skid trails (4-12%), whereas log decks and roads were only a small contributor to the total ground damage (<2%). Despite similar timber harvest intensities, CL resulted in more ground damage than RIL. Neither the number of log decks nor their individual or total area was correlated with the number of trees removed or intensity of tree harvesting (trees ha super(-1)). The area of skids was well correlated with the ground area damaged (m super(2)) per tree felled. In recently logged forest (0.5 years postharvest), gap fractions were highest in log decks (mean RIL=0.83, CL=0.99) and lowest in tree-fall areas (RIL: 0.26, CL: 0.41). However, the small surface area of log decks made their contribution to the total area-integrated forest gap fraction minor. In contrast, tree falls accounted for more than two-thirds of the area disturbed, but the canopy gaps associated with felled trees were much smaller than for log decks, roads and skids. Canopy openings decreased in size with distance from each felled tree crown. At 0.5 years postharvest, the area initially affected by the felling of each tree was approximately 100 m in radius for CL and 50 m for RIL. Initial decreases in gap fraction during the first 1.5 years of regrowth diminished in subsequent years. Throughout the 3.5-year period of forest recovery, tree-fall gap fractions remained higher in CL than in RIL treatments, but canopy gap closure rates were higher in CL than in RIL areas. During the observed recovery period, the canopy gap area affected by harvesting decreased in radius around each felled tree from 100 to 40 m in CL, and from 50 to 10 m in RIL. The results suggest that the full spatial and temporal dynamics of canopy gap fraction must be understood and monitored to predict the effects of selective logging on regional energy balance and climate regimes, biogeochemical processes including carbon cycling, and plant and faunal population dynamics. This paper also shows that remote sensing of log decks alone will not provide an accurate assessment of total forest area impacted by selective logging, nor will it be closely correlated to damage levels and canopy gap closure rates. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Asner, G P AU - Keller, M AU - Silva, J N AD - Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Complex Systems Research Center, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA, USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR, USA, EMBRAPA-Amazonia Oriental, Trv. Dr Eneas Pinheiro SN, Belem CEP. 66095-100, Para, Brazil, gpa@stanford.edu Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 765 EP - 783 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Logging KW - Rain forests KW - South America KW - Canopies KW - Land use KW - Methodology KW - Forestry KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18005997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+dynamics+of+forest+canopy+gaps+following+selective+logging+in+the+eastern+Amazon&rft.au=Asner%2C+G+P%3BKeller%2C+M%3BSilva%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Asner&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2003.00756.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - South America; Rain forests; Canopies; Logging; Land use; Forestry; Methodology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00756.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coarse woody debris in undisturbed and logged forests in the eastern Brazilian Amazon AN - 17997728; 5947811 AB - Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important component of the carbon cycle in tropical forests. We measured the volume and density of fallen CWD at two sites, Cauaxi and Tapajos in the Eastern Amazon. At both sites we studied undisturbed forests (UFs) and logged forests 1 year after harvest. Conventional logging (CL) and reduced impact logging (RIL) were used for management on areas where the geometric volumes of logs harvested was about 25-30 m super(3) ha super(-1). Density for five classes of fallen CWD for large material (>10 cm diameter) ranged from 0.71 to 0.28 Mg m super(-3) depending upon the degree of decomposition. Density of wood within large fallen logs varied with position relative to the ground and with distance from the center of the log. Densities for materials with diameters from 2 to 5 and 5 to 10 cm were 0.36 and 0.45 Mg m super(-3), respectively. The average mass ( plus or minus SE) of fallen CWD at Cauaxi was 55.2 (4.7), 74.7 (0.6), and 107.8 (10.5) Mg ha super(-1) for duplicate UF, RIL, and CL sites, respectively. At Tapajos, the average mass of fallen CWD was 50.7 (1.1) Mg ha super(-1) for UF and 76.2 (10.2) Mg ha super(-1) for RIL for duplicate sites compared with 282 Mg ha super(-1) for live aboveground biomass. Small- and medium-sized material (<10 cm dia.) accounted for 8-18% of the total fallen CWD mass. The large amount of fallen CWD at these UF sites relative to standing aboveground biomass suggests either that the forests have recently been subjected to a pulse of high mortality or that they normally suffer a high mortality rate in the range of 0.03 per year. Accounting for background CWD in UF, CL management produced 2.7 times as much CWD as RIL management. Excess CWD at logging sites would generate a substantial CO sub(2) emission given the high rates of decay in moist tropical forests. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Keller, M AU - Palace, M AU - Asner, G P AU - Pereira, R AU - Silva, J N AD - Complex Systems Research Center Morse Hall University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824, USA, USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry San Juan, PR 00926-1119, USA, michael.keller@unh.edu Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 784 EP - 795 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Logging KW - Rain forests KW - South America KW - Tropical environment KW - Carbon cycle KW - Harvesting KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17997728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Coarse+woody+debris+in+undisturbed+and+logged+forests+in+the+eastern+Brazilian+Amazon&rft.au=Keller%2C+M%3BPalace%2C+M%3BAsner%2C+G+P%3BPereira%2C+R%3BSilva%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=784&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2003.00770.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - South America; Rain forests; Logging; Carbon cycle; Tropical environment; Harvesting DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00770.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathogen profile: Sugarbeet leaf spot disease (Cercospora beticola Sacc.) AN - 17997015; 5948174 AB - Leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. is the most destructive foliar pathogen of sugarbeet worldwide. In addition to reducing yield and quality of sugarbeet, the control of leaf spot disease by extensive fungicide application incurs added costs to producers and repeatedly has selected for fungicide-tolerant C. beticola strains. The genetics and biochemistry of virulence have been examined less for C. beticola as compared with the related fungi C. nicotianae, C. kikuchii and C. zeae-maydis, fungi to which the physiology of C. beticola is often compared. C. beticola populations generally are not characterized as having race structure, although a case of race-specific resistance in sugarbeet to C. beticola has been reported. Resistance currently implemented in the field is quantitatively inherited and exhibits low to medium heritability. Taxonomy: Cercospora beticola Sacc.; Kingdom Fungi, Subdivision Deuteromycetes, Class Hyphomycetes, Order Hyphales, Genus Cercospora. Identification: Circular, brown to red delimited spots with ashen-grey centre, 0.5-6 mm diameter; dark brown to black stromata against grey background; pale brown unbranched sparingly septate conidiophores, hyaline acicular conidia, multiseptate, from 2.5 to 4 mu m wide and 50-200 mu m long. Host range: Propagative on Beta vulgaris and most species of Beta. Reported on members of the Chenopodiaceae and on Amaranthus. Disease symptoms: Infected leaves and petioles of B. vulgaris exhibit numerous circular leaf spots that coalesce in severe cases causing complete leaf collapse. Dark specks within a grey spot centre are characteristic for the disease. Older leaves exhibit a greater number of lesions with larger spot diameter. During the latter stage of severe epiphytotics, new leaf growth can be seen emerging from the plant surrounded by prostrate, collapsed leaves. Control: Fungicides in the benzimidazole and triazole class as well as organotin derivatives and strobilurins have successfully been used to control Cercospora leaf spot. Elevated levels of tolerance in populations of C. beticola to some of the chemicals registered for control has been documented. Partial genetic resistance also is used to reduce leaf spot disease. JF - Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Weiland, J AU - Koch, G AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105, USA, weilandj@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 157 EP - 166 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1464-6722, 1464-6722 KW - sugar beet KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Beta vulgaris KW - Disease resistance KW - Benzimidazole KW - Cercospora beticola KW - triazoles KW - Leafspot KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17997015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Pathogen+profile%3A+Sugarbeet+leaf+spot+disease+%28Cercospora+beticola+Sacc.%29&rft.au=Weiland%2C+J%3BKoch%2C+G&rft.aulast=Weiland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=14646722&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1364-3703.2004.00218.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cercospora beticola; Beta vulgaris; Leafspot; Disease resistance; Benzimidazole; triazoles DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00218.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of bean yellow mosaic virus (pea mosaic strain) in Verbena x hybrida AN - 17993861; 5935770 AB - Verbena x hybrida is an ornamental annual used in rock gardens as an edging plant and hanging baskets. It comes in a variety of colors and grows approximately 1.5 to 2.5 cm (6 to 10 inches) high. In the spring of 2002, verbena cv. Lavender Shades plants from California showing leaf mosaic symptoms tested positive for potyvirus using an antigen-coated plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with our genus Potyvirus broad spectrum reacting PTY-1 monoclonal as the detecting antibody (3). The virus was transmitted mechanically to Nicotiana benthamiana by sap inoculation from infected verbena plants. Infected tobacco showed systemic mild mosaic symptoms. Total RNA extractions from infected verbena and tobacco leaves were used in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays with generic potyvirus-specific primers that amplify highly conserved 700-bp or 1,600-bp fragments from the 3' terminus of most potyviruses. This region includes the 3' noncoding region (3'NCR) and the potyviral coat protein (CP). The PCR-amplified fragments were cloned by using standard TA cloning procedures and sequenced using dye-terminator chemistry. The cloned nucleotide and putative coat protein amino acid sequences from the infected verbena and tobacco plants were compared with the corresponding regions of other potyviruses. Amino acid comparison of the CP region of the verbena potyvirus showed 95 to 96% identity to four pea mosaic strains (PMV) of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), 85 to 89% identity to 20 other strains of BYMV. 74 to 76% identity with six strains of Clover yellow vein virus (CYVV), and only 50 to 64% identity with 28 other potyviruses. Pairwise comparisons among and between the CP sequences of PMV, BYMV, CYVV, and other potyviruses revealed identities of 92 to 99% for BYMV::BYMV, PMV::PMV, and CYVV::CYVV; 84 to 89% for BYMV::PMV, 69 to 78% for BYMV::CYVV and PMV::CYVV, and 50 to 64% for all other potyvirus combinations. Additionally, similar pairwise analysis of the 3'NCR of the verbena potyvirus revealed 98 to 99% identity to PMV strains, 81 to 94% to other BYMVs, 68 to 75% to CYVVs, and 52 to 64% with other potyviruses. Other 3'NCR pairwise comparisons generally revealed the same identity trend as described for the CP. Further serological analysis with our panel of BYMV-specific, BYMV-subgroup, and potyvirus cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (3) confirmed the designation of the verbena potyvirus isolate as a pea mosaic strain of BYMV. To our knowledge this is the first confirmed report of BYMV-pea mosaic strain in Verbena (1,2). JF - Plant Disease AU - Guaragna, MA AU - Jordan, R L AU - Putnam, M L AD - Floral and Nursery Plant Research Unit, U.S. National Arboretum, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 574 VL - 88 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Plant diseases KW - RNA KW - Bean yellow mosaic virus KW - Verbena KW - Genotyping KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Serotyping KW - Coat protein KW - Reverse transcription KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17993861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+bean+yellow+mosaic+virus+%28pea+mosaic+strain%29+in+Verbena+x+hybrida&rft.au=Guaragna%2C+MA%3BJordan%2C+R+L%3BPutnam%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Guaragna&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant diseases; RNA; Genotyping; Serotyping; Polymerase chain reaction; Coat protein; Reverse transcription; Bean yellow mosaic virus; Verbena ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose curves of disinfestants applied to plant production surfaces to control Botrytis cinerea AN - 17988374; 5935757 AB - Lethal dose curves were calculated using probit analysis for six disinfestants (chlorazene hydrosol, hydrogen dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, quaternary ammonium chloride, sodium hypochlorite) when applied on seven substrates (galvanized metal, stainless steel, polyethylene ground fabric, polyethylene pot plastic, pressure-treated pine, exterior latex-painted pine, raw pine) that had been inoculated with Botrytis cinerea conidia. Mortality was determined by percentage of ungerrainated versus germinated conidia that had been rubbed off of a substrate onto half-strength potato dextrose agar (hPDA) 16 to 24 h previously. Based on overlapping confidence limits (95% CL) of the lethal doses resulting in 90 and 50% mortality (LD sub(90) and LD sub(50), respectively) and significance of slopes, differences occurred between substrates with all six disinfestants. LD sub(90) values ranged from 0.21 to 4.54 g a.i./liter for chlorazene hydrosol, 4.99 to 40.3 g a.i./liter for hydrogen dioxide, 63.0 to 233.1 g a.i./liter for hydrogen peroxide, 0.42 to 2.45 g a.i./liter for iodine, 0.64 to 6.46 g a.i./liter for quaternary ammonium chloride, and 0.87 to 6.84 g a.i./liter for sodium hypochlorite. For hydrogen dioxide, quaternary ammonium chloride, and sodium hypochlorite, a binomial lethal dose (LD sub(b)) was calculated by plating the inverted inoculated substrates on hPDA, then recording the presence or absence of B. cinerea mycelial growth over 7 days. Lethal doses resulting in the absence of mycelial growth (LD sub(b100)) were equal to or greater than the LD sub(90) values for most disinfestants and substrates. Results demonstrate for the six disinfestants that dose should be selected based on the substrate being disinfested of B. cinerea conidia. JF - Plant Disease AU - Copes, W E AD - USDA/ARS Small Fruit Experiment Station, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA, wcopes@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 509 EP - 515 VL - 88 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Chlorazene hydrosol KW - Hydrogen dioxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Dose dependency KW - Disinfectants KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Ammonium chloride KW - Substrates KW - Sodium hypochlorite KW - Botrytis cinerea KW - Iodine KW - Conidia KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17988374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Dose+curves+of+disinfestants+applied+to+plant+production+surfaces+to+control+Botrytis+cinerea&rft.au=Copes%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Copes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dose dependency; Disinfectants; Ammonium chloride; Hydrogen peroxide; Sodium hypochlorite; Substrates; Iodine; Conidia; Botrytis cinerea ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of Strawberry latent ringspot virus in strawberry in the United States and Canada AN - 17983646; 5935771 AB - Strawberries in southern California have shown decline symptoms during the last 2 years. More than 70% of plants tested in California were infected with two newly identified criniviruses that infect strawberry (Strawberry pallidosis and Beet pseudo-yellows). Strawberry cultivars are usually symptomless when infected with one virus, and testing for other strawberry viruses is performed to identify any other viruses that may be involved in the symptomatology. Primers SLRSV F (5' CCTCTCCAACC-TGCTAGACT 3') and SLRSV R (5' AAGCGCATGAAGGTGTAACT 3') that amplify a 497-bp fragment of RNA 2 of Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) were developed and utilized for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection. SLRSV belongs to the family Sequiviridae and is transmitted by nematodes of the genus Xiphinema. The virus has a broad host range (4) and is usually symptomless in strawberries. Strawberry plants from commercial fields in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, Canada were tested. SLRSV was identified in 17% of plants tested from California and 4% of plants tested from British Columbia, while all samples from Oregon and Washington tested negative. The fragment amplified (GenBank Accession No. AY461735, isolate from British Columbia, Canada) shares 84% nucleotide and 94% amino acid sequence identity with the previously published sequence of SLRSV from strawberry (GenBank Accession No. X77466) (3). The virus was transmitted mechanically from strawberry samples from Canada to Chenopodium quinoa, and the infected C. quinoa plants tested positive for SLRSV with RT-PCR, while no amplicons were obtained from noninoculated control plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SLRSV in strawberry in North America, although it has been previously reported in a single cherry tree in Ontario. Canada (1) and in an imported seed lot of parsley in California (2). The number of plants that tested positive as well as the geographic distribution of the virus indicates that the virus is widespread in California, but further testing is needed to identify its distribution in other states. JF - Plant Disease AU - Martin, R R AU - Tzanetakis, I E AU - Barnes, JE AU - Elmhirst, J F AD - USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 575 VL - 88 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Strawberry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Strawberry latent ringspot virus KW - Plant diseases KW - Genotyping KW - Fragaria KW - Disease transmission KW - Reverse transcription KW - RNA KW - Canada KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Geographical variations KW - USA, California KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17983646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+Strawberry+latent+ringspot+virus+in+strawberry+in+the+United+States+and+Canada&rft.au=Martin%2C+R+R%3BTzanetakis%2C+I+E%3BBarnes%2C+JE%3BElmhirst%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fragaria; Strawberry latent ringspot virus; Canada; USA, California; Plant diseases; RNA; Reverse transcription; Polymerase chain reaction; Genotyping; Geographical variations; Disease transmission ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineered resistance against Papaya ringspot virus in Venezuelan transgenic papayas AN - 17983502; 5935758 AB - Local varieties of papaya grown in the Andean foothills of Merida, Venezuela, were transformed independently with the coat protein (CP) gene from two different geographical Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) isolates, designated VE and LA. via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The CP genes of both PRSV isolates show 92 and 96% nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity, respectively. Four PRSV-resistant RO plants were intercrossed or selfed, and the progenies were tested for resistance against the homologous isolates VE and LA, and the heterologous isolates HA (Hawaii) and TH (Thailand) in greenhouse conditions. Resistance was affected by sequence similarity between the transgenes and the challenge viruses: resistance values were higher for plants challenged with the homologous isolates (92 to 100% similarity) than with the Hawaiian (94% similarity) and, lastly, Thailand isolates (88 to 89%; similarity). Our results show that PRSV CP gene effectively protects local varieties of papaya against homologous and heterologous isolates of PRSV. JF - Plant Disease AU - Fermin, G AU - Inglessis, V AU - Garboza, C AU - Rangel, S AU - Dagert, M AU - Gonsalves, D AD - USDA - Pacific West Area, Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI 96720, USA, dgonsalves@pbarc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 516 EP - 522 VL - 88 IS - 5 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Carica papaya KW - Plant diseases KW - double prime CP gene KW - Genetic engineering KW - Papaya ringspot virus KW - Disease resistance KW - Transgenic plants KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - V 22187:Control & treatment KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17983502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Engineered+resistance+against+Papaya+ringspot+virus+in+Venezuelan+transgenic+papayas&rft.au=Fermin%2C+G%3BInglessis%2C+V%3BGarboza%2C+C%3BRangel%2C+S%3BDagert%2C+M%3BGonsalves%2C+D&rft.aulast=Fermin&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - double prime CP gene; Plant diseases; Genetic engineering; Disease resistance; Transgenic plants; Carica papaya; Papaya ringspot virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in the faecal shedding of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 in lactating dairy cattle and examination of Salmonella genotypes using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis AN - 17977224; 5904910 AB - To examine the variability in faecal shedding of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in healthy lactating dairy cattle and to evaluate the genetic relatedness of Salmonella isolates. Faecal samples were obtained from lactating Holstein dairy cattle on four commercial farms in the southwestern US. All farms were within an 8-km radius and were sampled in August 2001, January 2002 and August 2002 (60 cows per farm per sampling; n = 720 total samples). Samples were cultured for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella and a portion of the recovered Salmonella isolates were examined for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Faecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella varied considerably between farms and at the different sampling times. Large fluctuations in the percentage of positive animals were observed from summer to summer for both of these pathogens. Similarly, Salmonella serotype and serotype prevalence varied from farm to farm and within farm from one sampling time to another. Multiple Salmonella genotypes were detected for a number of serotypes and identical genotypes were found on different farms with one genotype of Salmonella Senftenberg identified on three of the four farms. This study demonstrated the wide variability in pathogen shedding within and among dairy farms all located in a small geographical region and highlights the complexity of pathogen control at the farm level. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Edrington, T AU - Hume, M AU - Looper, M AU - Schultz, C AU - Fitzgerald, A AU - Callaway, T AU - Genovese, K AU - Bischoff, K AU - McReynolds, J AU - Anderson, R AU - Nisbet, D AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, ARS, College Station, TX, USA, and Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA, edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 366 EP - 372 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Animals KW - Variability KW - Electrophoresis KW - Serotypes KW - Farms KW - Dairy products KW - Health KW - Pathogens KW - Genotypes KW - Genetics KW - USA KW - Radius KW - Complexity KW - Escherichia coli KW - Lactic acid KW - Geographical variations KW - Salmonella KW - Fluctuations KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17977224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Variation+in+the+faecal+shedding+of+Salmonella+and+E.+coli+O157%3AH7+in+lactating+dairy+cattle+and+examination+of+Salmonella+genotypes+using+pulsed-field+gel+electrophoresis&rft.au=Edrington%2C+T%3BHume%2C+M%3BLooper%2C+M%3BSchultz%2C+C%3BFitzgerald%2C+A%3BCallaway%2C+T%3BGenovese%2C+K%3BBischoff%2C+K%3BMcReynolds%2C+J%3BAnderson%2C+R%3BNisbet%2C+D&rft.aulast=Edrington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=366&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1472-765X.2004.01495.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Animals; Variability; Farms; Serotypes; Electrophoresis; Dairy products; Health; Genotypes; Pathogens; Genetics; Complexity; Radius; Lactic acid; Geographical variations; Fluctuations; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2004.01495.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Elicit Differential Innate Immune Responses following Intramammary Infection AN - 17965694; 5917551 AB - Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are among the most prevalent species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively, that induce clinical mastitis. The innate immune system comprises the immediate host defense mechanisms to protect against infection and contributes to the initial detection of and proinflammatory response to infectious pathogens. The objective of the present study was to characterize the different innate immune responses to experimental intramammary infection with E. coli and S. aureus during clinical mastitis. The cytokine response and changes in the levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), two proteins that contribute to host recognition of bacterial cell wall products, were studied. Intramammary infection with either E. coli or S. aureus elicited systemic changes, including decreased milk output, a febrile response, and induction of the acute-phase synthesis of LBP. Infection with either bacterium resulted in increased levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta ), gamma interferon, IL-12, sCD14, and LBP in milk. High levels of the complement cleavage product C5a and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were detected at several time points following E. coli infection, whereas S. aureus infection elicited a slight but detectable increase in these mediators at a single time point. Increases in IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were observed only in quarters infected with E. coli. Together, these data demonstrate the variability of the host innate immune response to E. coli and S. aureus and suggest that the limited cytokine response to S. aureus may contribute to the well-known ability of the bacterium to establish chronic intramammary infection. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Bannerman, D D AU - Paape, MJ AU - Lee, J-W AU - Zhao, X AU - Hope, J C AU - Rainard, P AD - Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service/ANRI, BARC-East, Bldg. 1040, Room 2, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, dbanner@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 463 EP - 472 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - cattle KW - infection KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Mammary gland KW - Escherichia coli KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Infection KW - Mastitis KW - Milk production KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17965694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Escherichia+coli+and+Staphylococcus+aureus+Elicit+Differential+Innate+Immune+Responses+following+Intramammary+Infection&rft.au=Bannerman%2C+D+D%3BPaape%2C+MJ%3BLee%2C+J-W%3BZhao%2C+X%3BHope%2C+J+C%3BRainard%2C+P&rft.aulast=Bannerman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.11.3.463-472.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mammary gland; Infection; Mastitis; Milk production; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.11.3.463-472.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binding interaction studies of the immobilized Salmonella typhimurium with extracellular matrix and muscle proteins, and polysaccharides AN - 17962192; 5913970 AB - Our research attempts to understand the real-time interactions of immobilized Salmonella typhimurium with extracellular membrane proteins (collagen I, fibronectin and laminin) and muscle proteins (actin and myosin). Salmonella cells were immobilized on the sensor chip of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. Typical results showed that collagen I and myosin had higher binding responses to the S. typhimurium surface but laminin, actin and fibronectin had lower binding responses. The binding kinetics of collagen I and Salmonella cell surface showed an apparent dissociation and association rate constants of 3.90E-4 s super(-1) and 1.07E+4 mol super(-1) s super(-1). Using the model system developed in our laboratory, the interactions of carrageenans and other polysaccharides with collagen and the Salmonella sensor surface were evaluated. The Kappa -carrageenans blocked 92-100% binding of collagen to the Salmonella surface, while sodium alginate and low methoxy pectin blocked 50% and 18% binding, respectively. These biosensor studies allowed the rapid evaluation of compounds that may prevent bacterial attachment to poultry skin and carcasses, thus reducing pathogen contamination of poultry foods. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Medina, M B AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, mmedina@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 63 EP - 72 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 93 IS - 1 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Extracellular KW - Laminin KW - Poultry KW - Skin KW - Attachment KW - Food KW - Fibronectin KW - Food contamination KW - Polysaccharides KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Collagen KW - Biosensors KW - Myosin KW - Carcasses KW - carrageenans KW - Kinetics KW - Actin KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17962192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Binding+interaction+studies+of+the+immobilized+Salmonella+typhimurium+with+extracellular+matrix+and+muscle+proteins%2C+and+polysaccharides&rft.au=Medina%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Medina&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijfoodmicro.2003.10.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; carrageenans; Actin; Myosin; Kinetics; Laminin; Polysaccharides; Extracellular; Attachment; Skin; Fibronectin; Collagen; Poultry; Carcasses; Food; Biosensors; Food contamination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.10.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus by Continuous-Flow Cultures of Human Stool Microflora With and Without Anaerobic Gas Supplementation AN - 17941084; 5886682 AB - A continuous-flow competitive exclusion (CFCE) culture model of human stool microflora was used to examine whether supplemental anaerobic gas is necessary for maintenance of anaerobes and inhibition of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). CFCE cultures of human stool microflora were maintained with supplemental nitrogen, without supplemental nitrogen, or with percolated room air. Cultures with or without supplemental nitrogen maintained >9 log sub(10) CFU mL super(-1) of obligate anaerobes and eliminated 10 super(6) CFU mL super(-1) of VRE. When room air was percolated into the culture, anaerobes were detected at less than or equal to 2 log sub(10) CFU mL super(-1), and the same VRE inoculum was not eliminated (P < 0.001). These data demonstrate that human stool CFCE cultures maintain high levels of obligate anaerobes and inhibit VRE without the addition of supplemental anaerobic gas. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Hume, ME AU - Poole, T L AU - Pultz, N J AU - Hanrahan, JA AU - Donskey, C J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845, United States Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 364 EP - 367 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 48 IS - 5 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Anaerobic microorganisms KW - Intestinal microflora KW - Continuous culture KW - Enterococcus KW - Inhibitors KW - Vancomycin KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Nitrogen KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02703:Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17941084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+Vancomycin-Resistant+Enterococcus+by+Continuous-Flow+Cultures+of+Human+Stool+Microflora+With+and+Without+Anaerobic+Gas+Supplementation&rft.au=Hume%2C+ME%3BPoole%2C+T+L%3BPultz%2C+N+J%3BHanrahan%2C+JA%3BDonskey%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-003-4112-7 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00284/bibs/4048005/40480364.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus; Vancomycin; Antibiotic resistance; Inhibitors; Intestinal microflora; Nitrogen; Anaerobic microorganisms; Continuous culture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-003-4112-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of an urban-rural CO sub(2)/temperature gradient and associated changes in initial plant productivity during secondary succession AN - 17928276; 5886322 AB - To examine the impact of climate change on vegetative productivity, we exposed fallow agricultural soil to an in situ temperature and CO sub(2) gradient between urban, suburban and rural areas in 2002. Along the gradient, average daytime CO sub(2) concentration increased by 21% and maximum (daytime) and minimum (nighttime) daily temperatures increased by 1.6 and 3.3 degree C, respectively in an urban relative to a rural location. Consistent location differences in soil temperature were also ascertained. No other consistent differences in meteorological variables (e.g. wind speed, humidity, PAR, tropospheric ozone) as a function of urbanization were documented. The urban-induced environmental changes that were observed were consistent with most short-term (~50 year) global change scenarios regarding CO sub(2) concentration and air temperature. Productivity, determined as final above-ground biomass, and maximum plant height were positively affected by daytime and soil temperatures as well as enhanced [CO sub(2)], increasing 60 and 115% for the suburban and urban sites, respectively, relative to the rural site. While long-term data are needed, these initial results suggest that urban environments may act as a reasonable surrogate for investigating future climatic change in vegetative communities. JF - Oecologia AU - Ziska, L H AU - Bunce, JA AU - Goins, E W AD - Alternate Crop and Systems Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Building 1, Room 323, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, MD 20705, Beltsville, USA, lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 454 EP - 458 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 139 IS - 3 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Climatic changes KW - Rural environments KW - Gradients KW - Succession KW - Urban environments KW - D 04695:Urban environments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17928276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+an+urban-rural+CO+sub%282%29%2Ftemperature+gradient+and+associated+changes+in+initial+plant+productivity+during+secondary+succession&rft.au=Ziska%2C+L+H%3BBunce%2C+JA%3BGoins%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Ziska&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00442-004-1526-2 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00442/bibs/4139003/41390454.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urban environments; Rural environments; Vegetation patterns; Gradients; Succession; Climatic changes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1526-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Nisin-Coated Cellulose Casings for the Control of Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated onto the Surface of Commercially Prepared Frankfurters AN - 17791420; 6036196 AB - Commercially prepared frankfurters were formulated with and without 1.4% potassium lactate and 0.1% sodium diacetate and were subsequently processed in cellulose casings coated with and without nisin (50,000 IU per square inch of internal surface area) to control the outgrowth of Listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage. The frankfurters were inoculated with 5 log CFU per package of a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes and then vacuum sealed before being stored at 4C for 60 to 90 days. Surviving organisms were recovered and enumerated by rinsing each package with 18 ml of sterile 0.1% peptone water and plating onto MOX selective agar. The data for each of two trials were averaged. In packages that contained frankfurters formulated with potassium lactate and sodium diacetate and prepared in nisin-coated casings, L. monocytogenes levels decreased by 1.15 log CFU per package after 90 days of storage. L. monocytogenes levels decreased by 0.95 log CFU per package in frankfurters that were prepared in casings that were not coated with nisin. In packages of frankfurters that were formulated without potassium lactate and sodium diacetate and prepared in nisin-coated casings, L. monocytogenes levels decreased by 0.88 log CFU per package after 15 days of storage but then increased appreciably thereafter over a 60-day period of refrigerated storage. There was also an appreciable increase in pathogen numbers during 60 days of storage in otherwise similar frankfurters formulated without potassium lactate and sodium diacetate prepared in casings that were not coated with nisin. These data confirm that potassium lactate and sodium diacetate display listeriostatic activity as an ingredient of commercial frankfurters. These data also establish that cellulose casings coated with nisin display only moderate antilisterial activity in vacuum-sealed packages of commercially prepared frankfurters during storage at 4C. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Luchansky, J B AU - Call, JE AD - Eastern Regional Research Center, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 1017 EP - 1021 VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Agar KW - Surface area KW - Cellulose KW - Vacuum KW - Pathogens KW - potassium lactate KW - Sodium diacetate KW - Nisin KW - Frankfurters KW - Colony-forming cells KW - peptone KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17791420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Nisin-Coated+Cellulose+Casings+for+the+Control+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+Inoculated+onto+the+Surface+of+Commercially+Prepared+Frankfurters&rft.au=Luchansky%2C+J+B%3BCall%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Luchansky&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1017&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agar; Sodium diacetate; Nisin; Frankfurters; peptone; Surface area; Colony-forming cells; Cellulose; Vacuum; Pathogens; potassium lactate; Listeria monocytogenes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and Tissue Accretion Rates of Swine Expressing an Insulin-like Growth Factor I Transgene AN - 17764613; 5956579 AB - The goal of this research was to determine whether directing expression of an insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) transgene specifically to striated muscle would alter the growth characteristics in swine. Transgenic pigs were produced with a fusion gene composed of avian skeletal alpha -actin regulatory sequences and a cDNA encoding human IGF-I. Six founder transgenic pigs were mated to nontransgenic pigs to produce 11 litters of G1 transgenic and sibling control progeny. Birth weight, weaning weight, and proportion of pig survival did not differ between transgenic and control pigs. The ADG of pigs as they grew incrementally from 20 to 60 kg, 60 to 90 kg, and 90 to 120 kg, respectively, did not significantly differ between transgenic and control pigs. Efficiency of feed utilization (gain:feed) was also similar for transgenic and control pigs. Plasma IGF-I and porcine growth hormone (pGH) concentrations were determined at 60, 90, and 120 kg body weight. Plasma IGF-I concentrations were 19% higher in transgenic gilts than control gilts and 11.1% higher in transgenic boars than control boars (P=0.0005). Plasma IGF-I concentrations for boars were also higher than for gilts (P=0.0001). At 60, 90, and 120 kg body weight each pig was scanned by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to derive comparative estimates of carcass fat, lean, bone content of the live animal. Control pigs had more fat and less lean tissue than transgenic pigs at each of the scanning periods and the difference became more pronounced as the pigs grew heavier (P < 0.005 at each weight). Transgenic pigs also had a slightly lower percentage of bone than control pigs (P < 0.05 at each weight). While daily rates of lean tissue accretion did not differ for transgenic and control pigs, daily rates of fat accretion were lower in transgenic pigs than in control pigs (P < 0.05). Based on these results we conclude that expression of IGF-I in the skeletal muscles gradually altered body composition as pigs became older but did not have a major affect on growth performance. JF - Animal Biotechnology AU - Pursel, V G AU - Mitchell, AD AU - Bee, G AU - Elsasser, TH AU - McMurtry, J P AU - Wall, R J AU - Coleman, ME AU - Schwartz, R J AD - Biotechnology and Germplasm Laboratory, Bldg 200, Room 2, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, vpursel@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 33 EP - 45 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 1049-5398, 1049-5398 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Insulin-like growth factor I KW - Litter KW - Growth hormone KW - Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry KW - Weaning KW - Transgenic animals KW - Body weight KW - Gene transfer KW - Gene fusion KW - Skeletal muscle KW - Actin KW - Skeleton KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17764613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Growth+and+Tissue+Accretion+Rates+of+Swine+Expressing+an+Insulin-like+Growth+Factor+I+Transgene&rft.au=Pursel%2C+V+G%3BMitchell%2C+AD%3BBee%2C+G%3BElsasser%2C+TH%3BMcMurtry%2C+J+P%3BWall%2C+R+J%3BColeman%2C+ME%3BSchwartz%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Pursel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Animal+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10495398&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FABIO-120029812 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insulin-like growth factor I; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; Body weight; Skeleton; Growth hormone; Weaning; Litter; Actin; Skeletal muscle; Gene transfer; Gene fusion; Transgenic animals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ABIO-120029812 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host Plant and Temperature Effects on Lysiphlebus Testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), a Native Parasitoid of the Exotic Brown Citrus Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) AN - 17763294; 6051858 AB - The brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), is an exotic pest of citrus in the United States that was introduced into Florida in 1995. The native parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) has demonstrated acceptance of the brown citrus aphid as a host. This experiment evaluated the effect of citrus host plants on brown citrus aphid parasitism by L. testaceipes, and the effect of temperature on development of the parasitoid. The levels of parasitism achieved by L. testaceipes were similar among brown citrus aphid populations on five citrus cultivars used as host plants for the aphids (range 34-36%). The percentage of adult parasitoid emergence was highest on 'Duncan grapefruit' (82%) and significantly lower on 'Mexican lime' (63%) than on any of the other citrus cultivars. The proportion of adults that were female was significantly higher on 'Duncan grapefruit' (81%) than on any of the other cultivars. The results demonstrate that the effects of multiple trophic levels can influence parasitoid performance in a cascading manner. The developmental periods for both male and female L. testaceipes on the brown citrus aphid declined from 21 to 9 d with ascending temperatures in the range 18-27 degree C. The developmental threshold was 10.4 degree C and the degree-day (DD) requirement for development was 158.7 DD, indicating that the temperature conditions experienced in Florida are conducive to rapid development of L. testaceipes on the brown citrus aphid. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Weathersbee, AA AU - Mckenzie, CL AU - Tang, Y Q Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 476 EP - 480 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Homoptera KW - Aphids KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Toxoptera citricida KW - USA, Florida KW - Aphididae KW - Host plants KW - Orchards KW - Aphidiidae KW - Lysiphlebus testaceipes KW - Parasitoids KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17763294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Host+Plant+and+Temperature+Effects+on+Lysiphlebus+Testaceipes+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphidiidae%29%2C+a+Native+Parasitoid+of+the+Exotic+Brown+Citrus+Aphid+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29&rft.au=Weathersbee%2C+AA%3BMckenzie%2C+CL%3BTang%2C+Y+Q&rft.aulast=Weathersbee&rft.aufirst=AA&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=476&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%290972.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=476 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Toxoptera citricida; Aphididae; Lysiphlebus testaceipes; Aphidiidae; USA, Florida; Orchards; Temperature effects; Host plants; Parasitoids DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097<0476:HPATEO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survivorship Advantage of Conspecific Necrophagy in Overwintering Boxelder Bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) AN - 17763239; 6051861 AB - Adult boxelder bugs [Leptocoris trivittatus (Say)] (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) were observed feeding on dead conspecifics while overwintering. Boxelder bug adults were collected in the fall of 2000 and 2001 to test the hypothesis that conspecific necrophagy provides a benefit through increased survivorship. Adult bugs were kept individually with no water or food, water only, dead boxelder bugs only, water and dead boxelder bugs, and water and boxelder (Acer negundo L.) seeds. Boxelder bugs kept without water, either with or without other resources, died at a significantly higher rate than bugs kept with water. Bugs provided with water and dead boxelder bugs lived significantly longer than bugs provided only with water and were seen feeding on the dead bugs for up to 2.5 h continuously. The presence of boxelder seeds did not increase survivorship beyond the water-only treatment. It was concluded that water was the most limiting factor determining boxelder bug survivorship during winter, but dead boxelder bugs provided additional resources to further increase survivorship. Conspecific necrophagy in overwintering adult boxelder bugs provides a significant survivorship advantage that could promote this trait in boxelder bug populations. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Brown, M W AU - Norris, ME Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 500 EP - 503 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - necrophagy KW - Heteroptera KW - Scentless plant bugs KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Saprophagy KW - Overwintering KW - Survival KW - Leptocoris trivittatus KW - Rhopalidae KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17763239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Survivorship+Advantage+of+Conspecific+Necrophagy+in+Overwintering+Boxelder+Bugs+%28Heteroptera%3A+Rhopalidae%29&rft.au=Brown%2C+M+W%3BNorris%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=500&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%290972.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=500 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhopalidae; Leptocoris trivittatus; Survival; Overwintering; Saprophagy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097<0500:SAOCNI>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Resource Use in a Group of Tephritid Flies of the Genus Anastrepha AN - 17756777; 6051862 AB - The spatial and temporal patterns of oviposition-resource use of various Anastrepha spp. fruit flies within the canopies of individual fruit trees were determined over periods of 4-6 yr in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. The flies examined were Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), Anastrepha striata Schiner, Anastrepha fracterculus (Wiedemann), and Anastrepha alveata Stone, and their respective hosts were Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae), Psidium guajava L., Psidium sartorianum (Berg.) Ndzu (Myrtacaea), and Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae). The canopies were divided into six sectors: three strata (vertical planes of low, middle, and high canopy) and an exterior and interior component of the various heights. All ripe fruits produced by each tree species were individually harvested, weighed, and maintained until all larvae had exited and pupated. Because of the commonly positive correlation between fruit size and infestation, fly distributions were described using a novel technique, two-level hierarchal regression analysis, as deviations from the expected numbers of insects in a sector given the distributions of fruit weights within the canopy. Overall, there was a tendency for A. alveata to be more abundant in the lower portions of the tree, for A. striata to be more abundant in the upper, for A. obliqua to be less abundant in the upper, and for A. fraterculus to be uniformly distributed. The yearly densities of A. striata and A. fraterculus within the P. guajava tree were negatively correlated, and this seems to be due to annual changes in environment rather than to exploitive competition for oviposition resources. Along an altitudinal gradient (0-1,800 m), A. striata was more abundant than A. fraterculus at sea level and relatively less abundant at altitudes of 1000 m and higher. We suggest that habitat characteristics (oviposition-resource availability and quality, and microclimatic variables), intraspecific competition, and the behaviors of natural enemies and frugivores are potentially important interactive factors that influence the distribution of resource use to a different extent in each of the tephritid species. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Sivinski, J AU - Aluja, M AU - Pinero, J AU - Ojeda, M Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 504 EP - 512 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 3 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Diptera KW - Fruit flies KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Anastrepha KW - Resource utilization KW - Tephritidae KW - Mexico KW - Oviposition KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17756777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Novel+Analysis+of+Spatial+and+Temporal+Patterns+of+Resource+Use+in+a+Group+of+Tephritid+Flies+of+the+Genus+Anastrepha&rft.au=Sivinski%2C+J%3BAluja%2C+M%3BPinero%2C+J%3BOjeda%2C+M&rft.aulast=Sivinski&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%290972.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=504 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anastrepha; Tephritidae; Mexico; Spatial distribution; Oviposition; Resource utilization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097<0504:NAOSAT>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Albusin B, a Bacteriocin from the Ruminal Bacterium Ruminococcus albus 7 That Inhibits Growth of Ruminococcus flavefaciens AN - 17581844; 6406712 AB - An similar to 32-kDa protein (albusin B) that inhibited growth of Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 was isolated from culture supernatants of Ruminococcus albus 7. Traditional cloning and gene-walking PCR techniques revealed an open reading frame (albB) encoding a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 32,168 Da. A BLAST search revealed two homologs of AlbB from the unfinished genome of R. albus 8 and moderate similarity to LlpA, a recently described 30-kDa bacteriocin from Pseudomonas sp. strain BW11M1. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Chen, J AU - Stevenson, D M AU - Weimer, P J AD - USDA-ARS-USDFRC, 1925 Linden Dr. West, Madison, WI 53706, USA, pjweimer@wisc.edu Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 3167 EP - 3170 VL - 70 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Bacteriocins KW - Ruminococcus albus KW - Ruminococcus flavefaciens KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Pseudomonas KW - Open reading frames KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Albusin+B%2C+a+Bacteriocin+from+the+Ruminal+Bacterium+Ruminococcus+albus+7+That+Inhibits+Growth+of+Ruminococcus+flavefaciens&rft.au=Chen%2C+J%3BStevenson%2C+D+M%3BWeimer%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.70.5.3167-3170.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Bacteriocins; Polymerase chain reaction; Open reading frames; Ruminococcus flavefaciens; Ruminococcus albus; Pseudomonas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.5.3167-3170.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How fast and far might tree species migrate in the eastern United States due to climate change? AN - 17581835; 6493805 AB - We describe and use a model, SHIFT, to estimate potential migration due to climate change over the next 100 years. Location Eastern United States. Methods Five species, currently confined to the eastern half of the United States and not extending into Canada, were used to assess migration potential: Diospyros virginiana (persimmon), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum), Oxydendrum arboreum (sourwood), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), and Quercus falcata var. falcata (southern red oak). SHIFT is a matrix simulation model using simple inverse power functions to provide a distance decay of seed dispersal and is driven primarily by the abundance of the species near the boundary, the forest density within and beyond the boundary, and the distance between cells. For each cell outside the current boundary, the model creates an estimate of the probability that each unoccupied cell will become colonized over a period of 100 years. SHIFT is a 'fat-tailed' migration model that allows rare very long distance dispersal events and colonization could occur up to 500 km beyond the current distribution boundary. Model outputs were analysed using transects through sections showing relatively low and high colonization probabilities as a result of low and high densities of target trees (high source strength) as well as high densities of forest (high sink strength). We also assess migration potential for species by concentric rings around the current boundary. Results Model outputs show the generally limited nature of migration for all five species over 100 years. There is a relatively high probability of colonization within a zone of 10 Main conclusion The transect evaluation revealed the importance of abundance of the species near the boundary, indicating that rare species may have much more difficulty in unassisted northward migration due to climate change. JF - Global Ecology and Biogeography AU - Iverson, Louis R AU - Schwartz, M W AU - Prasad, Anantha M AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Delaware, OH 43015, USA, liverson@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 209 EP - 219 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1466-822X, 1466-822X KW - Loblolly pine KW - Sweetgum KW - Common persimmon KW - Sourwood KW - Southern red oak KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Seed dispersal KW - Trees KW - Climatic changes KW - Quercus falcata KW - Pinus taeda KW - Forests KW - Migration KW - Colonization KW - USA KW - Diospyros virginiana KW - Oxydendrum arboreum KW - Boundaries KW - Liquidambar styraciflua KW - D 04625:Plants - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography&rft.atitle=How+fast+and+far+might+tree+species+migrate+in+the+eastern+United+States+due+to+climate+change%3F&rft.au=Iverson%2C+Louis+R%3BSchwartz%2C+M+W%3BPrasad%2C+Anantha+M&rft.aulast=Iverson&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Ecology+and+Biogeography&rft.issn=1466822X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1466-822X.2004.00093.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; Liquidambar styraciflua; Diospyros virginiana; Oxydendrum arboreum; Quercus falcata; USA; Migration; Boundaries; Colonization; Climatic changes; Forests; Trees; Seed dispersal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00093.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subpopulation Characteristics of Egg-Contaminating Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis as Defined by the Lipopolysaccharide O Chain AN - 17581150; 6406743 AB - Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was refined by incorporating new data from isolates obtained from avian sources, from the spleens of naturally infected mice, and from the United Kingdom into an existing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-chain compositional database. From least to greatest, the probability of avian isolates producing high-molecular-mass LPS O chain ranked as follows: pooled kidney, liver, and spleen; intestine; cecum; ovary and oviduct; albumen; yolk; and whole egg. Mouse isolates were most like avian intestinal samples, whereas United Kingdom isolates were most like those from the avian reproductive tract and egg. Non-reproductive tract organ isolates had significant loss of O chain. Isogenic isolates that varied in ability to make biofilm and to be orally invasive produced different O-chain structures at 25 degree C but not at 37 degree C. Hens infected at a 91:9 biofilm-positive/-negative colony phenotype ratio yielded only the negative phenotype from eggs. These results indicate that the environment within the hen applies stringent selection pressure on subpopulations of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis at certain points in the infection pathway that ends in egg contamination. The avian cecum, rather than the intestines, is the early interface between the environment and the host that supports emergence of subpopulation diversity. These results suggest that diet and other factors that alter cecal physiology should be investigated as a means to reduce egg contamination. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Guard-Bouldin, J AU - Gast, R K AU - Humphrey, T J AU - Henzler, D J AU - Morales, C AU - Coles, K AD - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA, jbouldin@seprl.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 2756 EP - 2763 VL - 70 IS - 5 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Diets KW - Contamination KW - Subpopulations KW - Spleen KW - Infection KW - Eggs KW - Yolk KW - Albumen KW - Oviduct KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Kidney KW - Intestine KW - Liver KW - Cecum KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Ovaries KW - Biofilms KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17581150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Subpopulation+Characteristics+of+Egg-Contaminating+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+Enteritidis+as+Defined+by+the+Lipopolysaccharide+O+Chain&rft.au=Guard-Bouldin%2C+J%3BGast%2C+R+K%3BHumphrey%2C+T+J%3BHenzler%2C+D+J%3BMorales%2C+C%3BColes%2C+K&rft.aulast=Guard-Bouldin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2756&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.70.5.2756-2763.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Contamination; Subpopulations; Spleen; Infection; Eggs; Yolk; Albumen; Oviduct; Liver; Intestine; Kidney; Lipopolysaccharides; Cecum; Biofilms; Ovaries; Salmonella enterica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.5.2756-2763.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of an 11 kDa methionine-rich delta-zein in transgenic soybean results in the formation of two types of novel protein bodies in transitional cells situated between the vascular tissue and storage parenchyma cells AN - 17553367; 6422693 AB - Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important protein source in human diets and animal feeds. The sulphur content of soybean seed proteins, however, is not optimal for ration formulations. Thus, increasing the methionine and cysteine content of soybean seed proteins would enhance the nutritional quality of this widely utilized legume. We have earlier reported the isolation of an 11 kDa delta -zein protein rich in methionine from the endosperm of the maize (Zea mays L.) inbred line W23a1 [Kim, W.-S. and Krishnan, H.B. (2003) Allelic variation and differential expression of methionine-rich- delta -zeins in maize inbred lines B73 and W23a1. Planta, 217, 66-74]. Using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, a construct consisting of the coding region of the cloned delta -zein gene under regulation of the beta -conglycinin alpha '-promoter was introduced into the soybean genome. The 11 kDa delta -zein gene was expressed in the seeds of transgenic soybeans, although low-level expression was also detected in the leaves. In situ hybridization indicated that the 11 kDa delta -zein mRNA was expressed predominantly in transitional cells located between the vascular tissue and storage parenchyma cells. Immunohistochemistry of developing transgenic soybeans revealed that the accumulation of the 11 kDa delta -zein occurred primarily in these transitional cells. Expression of the 11 kDa delta -zein gene in transgenic soybean resulted in the formation of two endoplasmic reticulum-derived protein bodies that were designated as either spherical or complex. Immunocytochemical localization demonstrated that both the spherical and complex protein bodies accumulated the 11 kDa delta -zein. Although expression of the 11 kDa delta -zein gene elevated the methionine content of the alcohol-soluble protein fraction 1.5-1.7-fold above that of the non-transgenic line, the overall methionine content of seed flour was not increased. Our results suggest that the confined expression of the 11 kDa delta -zein gene in transitional cells could be limiting the increase in methionine content in transgenic soybean seeds. JF - Plant Biotechnology Journal AU - Kim, W-S AU - Krishnan, H B AD - Plant Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, 108W Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA, KrishnanH@missouri.edu Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 199 EP - 210 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1467-7644, 1467-7644 KW - maize KW - soybean KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Transformation KW - Sulfur KW - Transgenic plants KW - Methionine KW - Glycine max KW - Zea mays KW - Legumes KW - Flour KW - Vascular system KW - Endosperm KW - Parenchyma KW - Seeds KW - Leaves KW - Transcription KW - Cysteine KW - Gene regulation KW - W2 32065:Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17553367?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Biotechnology+Journal&rft.atitle=Expression+of+an+11+kDa+methionine-rich+delta-zein+in+transgenic+soybean+results+in+the+formation+of+two+types+of+novel+protein+bodies+in+transitional+cells+situated+between+the+vascular+tissue+and+storage+parenchyma+cells&rft.au=Kim%2C+W-S%3BKrishnan%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=W-S&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Biotechnology+Journal&rft.issn=14677644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1467-7652.2004.00063.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; Glycine max; Methionine; Seeds; Parenchyma; Vascular system; Gene regulation; Flour; Leaves; Sulfur; Legumes; Endosperm; Cysteine; Transcription; Transgenic plants; Transformation; Genomes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7652.2004.00063.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leafy spurge effects on patterns of plant species richness AN - 17416685; 6219166 AB - The objective of this study was to simultaneously evaluate the impact of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) on plant species richness within and among a wide variety of vegetation types typical of the region. The study was conducted in Theodore Roosevelt National Park in southwestern North Dakota where 11 plant associations were identified as being particularly susceptible to invasion by leafy spurge. Representative infested and non-infested stands of the 11 associations were sampled using the protocol described by the National Vegetation Classification System. To evaluate the effects of leafy spurge infestation across a variety of vegetation types, the 11 associations were grouped into 1 of 4 general physiographic /vegetative units (floodplain, grassland, woodland, and shrubland). Species richness per sampled infested stand was reduced by an average of 51% (P less than or equal to 0.05) in 7 of the 11 sampled associations. Total species richness in infested stands averaged 61% less than species richness within their non-infested counterparts for 10 of the 11 associations. Thirty species common to the majority of the associations were completely absent from infested stands and classified as sensitive, whereas 25 were minimally impacted and classified as persistent species. The overall effects of leafy spurge on species richness is complex and probably involves patterns of soil moisture, nutrient conditions, and disturbance that influence the abundance and distribution of all alien plants in Theodore Roosevelt National Park. However, because of the considerable redundancy in species distribution among a wide variety of plant associations and an aggressive control program, overall species richness does not appear to be threatened by infestations of leafy spurge at this time.Original Abstract: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar simultaneamente el impacto del 'Leafy spurge' (Euphorbia esula L.) en la riqueza de especies de plantas dentro y entre una amplia variedad de tipos de vegetacion tipicos de la region. El estudio se condujo en el Parque Nacional Theodore Roosvelt en el sudoeste de North Dakota, donde 11 asociaciones vegetales se identificaron como particularmente susceptibles a la invasion de 'Leafy spurge'. Poblaciones representativas, infestadas y no infestadas, de las 11 asociaciones se muestrearon usando el protocolo descrito por el Sistema Nacional de Clasificacion de Vegetacion. Para evaluar los efectos de la infestacion de 'Leafy spurge' a traves de una variedad de tipos de vegetacion, las 11 asociaciones fueron agrupadas dentro de una de cuatro unidades generales fisiograficas/vegetativas (planicie inundable, zacatal, bosque y matorral). En 7 de las 11 asociaciones la riqueza de especies por poblacion infestada muestreada se redujo en promedio 51% (P less than or equal to 0.05). La riqueza total de especies en las poblaciones infestadas promedio 61% menos que la riqueza de especies dentro de sus contrapartes no infestadas, esto en 10 de las 11 asociaciones. 30 especies, comunes en la mayoria de las asociaciones, estuvieron completamente ausentes en las poblaciones infestadas y se clasificaron como sensitivas, mientras que 25 fueron minimamente impactadas y clasificadas como especies persistentes. El efecto general del 'Leafy spurge' sobre la riqueza de especies es complejo y probablemente involucra patrones de humedad del suelo, condiciones de nutrientes y disturbio que influyen la abundancia y la distribucion de especies invasoras del Parque Nacional Theodore Roosvelt. Sin embargo, debido a la considerable redundancia en la distribucion de especies entre la amplia variedad de asociaciones de plantas y a un programa agresivo de control, en este tiempo, la riqueza general de especies de plantas no parece ser amenazada por las infestaciones de 'Leafy spurge'. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Butler, J L AU - Cogan AD - Research Ecologist, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Rapid City, S.D. 57702. At the time of the research JLB was Associate Professor, Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, and DRC was graduate research assistant, Department of Biology, University of South Dakota Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 305 EP - 311 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Classification systems KW - Grasslands KW - Infestation KW - Vegetation patterns KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Control programs KW - National parks KW - Euphorbia esula KW - Range management KW - Species richness KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17416685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Leafy+spurge+effects+on+patterns+of+plant+species+richness&rft.au=Butler%2C+J+L%3BCogan&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=305 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Classification systems; Grasslands; Infestation; Vegetation patterns; Control programs; National parks; Range management; Species richness; Euphorbia esula; USA, North Dakota DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0305:LSEOPO]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sorption of the Fumigant 1,3-Dichloropropene on Soil AN - 16187403; 6088500 AB - The fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) is considered a major replacement to methyl bromide, which is to be phased out of use in the United States by 2005. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate soil-water partitioning of 1,3-D in two California agricultural soils (Salinas clay loam and Arlington sandy loam). The partition coefficients (K sub(d) and K sub(f)) were determined by directly measuring the concentration of 1,3-D in the solid phase (C sub(S)) and aqueous phase (C sub(w)) after batch equilibration. In the Salinas clay loam, the K sub(f) of cis-1,3-D in adsorption and desorption isotherms was 0.47 and 0.54, respectively, with respective values of 0.39 and 0.49 for trans-1,3-D. This slight hysteric effect suggests that a different range of forces are involved in the adsorption and desorption process. Since n was near unity in the Freundlich equation, the Freundlich isotherms can also be approximated using the liner isotherm. At 25 degree C, the K sub(d) of the 1,3-D isomers in both soils ranged from 0.46 to 0.56, and the K sub(oc) (organic matter partition coefficient) ranged from 58 to 70. The relatively low K sub(d) values and a K sub(oc) that falls within the range of 50-150, suggests that 1,3-D is weakly sorbed and highly mobile in these soils. Understanding the sorption behavior of 1,3-D in soil is important when developing fumigation practices to reduce the movement of 1,3-D to the air and groundwater. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Park, Moon-Ki AU - Kim, Jung-Ho AU - Dungan, R S AD - Research Soil Scientist, Animal Manure and Byproducts Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, Rdungan@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 603 EP - 612 VL - B39 IS - 4 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - 1,3-dichloropropene KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Sorption KW - Clay KW - Desorption KW - Organic matter KW - Agricultural wastes KW - Pesticides KW - Adsorption KW - USA, California KW - Fumigation KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16187403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Sorption+of+the+Fumigant+1%2C3-Dichloropropene+on+Soil&rft.au=Park%2C+Moon-Ki%3BKim%2C+Jung-Ho%3BDungan%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Moon-Ki&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=B39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FLESB-200026821 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorption; Desorption; Clay; Agricultural wastes; Organic matter; Pesticides; Adsorption; Fumigation; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/LESB-200026821 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward an ozone standard to protect vegetation based on effective dose: a review of deposition resistances and a possible metric AN - 16170859; 5890864 AB - Present air quality standards to protect vegetation from ozone are based on measured concentrations (i.e. exposure) rather than on plant uptake rates (or dose). Some familiar cumulative exposure-based indices include SUM06, AOT40, and W126. However, plant injury is more closely related to dose, or more appropriately to effective dose, than to exposure. This study develops and applies a simple model for estimating effective ozone dose that combines the plant canopy's rate of stomatal ozone uptake with the plant's defense to ozone uptake. Here the plant defense is explicitly parameterized as a function of gross photosynthesis and the model is applied using eddy covariance (ozone and CO sub(2)) flux data obtained at a vineyard site in the San Joaquin Valley during the California Ozone Deposition Experiment (CODE91). With the ultimate intention of applying these concepts using prognostic models and remotely sensed data, the pathways for ozone deposition are parameterized (as much as possible) in terms of canopy LAI and the surface friction velocity. Results indicate that (1) the daily maximum potential for plant injury (based on effective dose) tends to coincide with the daily peak in ozone mixing ratio (ppbV), (2) potentially there are some significant differences between ozone metrics based on dose (no plant defense) and effective dose, and (3) nocturnal conductance can contribute significantly to the potential for plant ozone injury. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Massman, W J AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, wmassman@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 2323 EP - 2337 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 38 IS - 15 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Ozone models KW - Remote sensing KW - Air quality KW - Ozone effects KW - Pollutant deposition KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Reviews KW - Dose-response effects KW - Plants KW - USA, California KW - Ozone deposition KW - Ozone uptake by plants KW - Ozone KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M2 551.586:Biometeorology and Bioclimatology (551.586) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16170859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Toward+an+ozone+standard+to+protect+vegetation+based+on+effective+dose%3A+a+review+of+deposition+resistances+and+a+possible+metric&rft.au=Massman%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Massman&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2003.09.079 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ozone effects; Ozone models; Ozone uptake by plants; Ozone deposition; Ozone; Pollutant deposition; Bioaccumulation; Dose-response effects; Reviews; Plants; Remote sensing; Air quality; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.079 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microhabitat-scale influences of resources and refuge on habitat selection by an estuarine opportunist fish AN - 17985865; 5930799 AB - We examined how the marine cottid fish Clinocottus acuticeps used vegetated microhabitats within an estuarine system in the Pacific Northwest, USA. C. acuticeps was more abundant and grew faster in microhabitats in algal beds compared with open microhabitats. Furthermore, the condition index (CI) increased in vegetated microhabitats and decreased in open habitats which, combined with the variability in growth measured in both habitats, suggests that fish may regulate their growth more narrowly when food resources and protective cover provided by the algal bed function as complementary resources. Reduced growth in open microhabitats may be a physiological response to increased predation risk. Additionally, giving-up densities (GUDs) were similar in both habitats, in both field and laboratory experiments, where fish foraged in the presence of predators and under different levels of protection by algae. These results, combined with the implications of the growth experiments, suggest that C. acuticeps utilizes a risk-reckless strategy in the face of a trade-off between food and safety by maximizing food intake despite predation risk. Nevertheless, we maintain that the increased growth and lower predation risk associated with algae microhabitats imply that, ultimately, fitness may be higher in individuals that primarily use vegetated habitats. JF - Marine Ecology Progress Series AU - Alofs, K M AU - Polivka, K M AD - USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Wenatchee Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 1133 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA, kpolivka@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/04/28/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 28 SP - 297 EP - 306 VL - 271 SN - 0171-8630, 0171-8630 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - USA KW - Growth KW - Linocottus acuticeps KW - Estuaries KW - Microenvironments KW - Habitat selection KW - Algae KW - D 04668:Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17985865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.atitle=Microhabitat-scale+influences+of+resources+and+refuge+on+habitat+selection+by+an+estuarine+opportunist+fish&rft.au=Alofs%2C+K+M%3BPolivka%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Alofs&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-04-28&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Ecology+Progress+Series&rft.issn=01718630&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth; Estuaries; Microenvironments; Habitat selection; Algae; Linocottus acuticeps; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Streptococcus agalactiae from frozen fish following natural and experimental infections AN - 17977059; 5933448 AB - We evaluated the survival of Streptococcus agalactiae from naturally infected wild mullet (Liza klunzingeri) and experimentally infected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) frozen at -20 and -70 degree C, respectively, for an extended period of time. The brain, eye, head kidney, and intestine of individually frozen wild mullet (N=22), culture positive for S. agalactiae from fresh tissues following an S. agalactiae epizootic in Kuwait Bay in 2001, were re-sampled after 9 months. Nares, eye, head kidney and intestines, not previously sampled, were also evaluated. Tilapia were inoculated with either 5.610 super(2) colony forming units CFU/fish or 4.510 super(6) CFU/fish and S. agalactiae survival assessed from frozen tissues after 7, 14, 30, or 180 days. S. agalactiae was recovered from nare, brain, eye, and head kidney of 100% of the frozen mullet after 9 months post-freezing. The nare, brain, and head kidney of 100% of the experimentally infected tilapia were culture positive at 7, 14, 30, and 180 days post-freezing. The use of frozen fish may prove to be a useful alternative to fresh fish for recovering pathogenic streptococci in instances when fresh fish diagnostic analysis are unavailable or impractical. Furthermore, archived frozen fish can be used for retrospective microbiological analyses of streptococcal infection from multiple or different tissues not originally sampled. JF - Aquaculture AU - Evans, J J AU - Wiedenmayer, A A AU - Klesius, PH AU - Shoemaker, CA AD - United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, 151 Dixon Drive, Chestertown, MD 21620, USA, jevans@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 26 SP - 15 EP - 21 VL - 233 IS - 1-4 SN - 0044-8486, 0044-8486 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Liza klunzingeri KW - Storage life KW - ISW, Kuwait, Kuwait Bay KW - Survival KW - Microbial contamination KW - Freezing storage KW - Microbiological analysis KW - Food fish KW - Streptococcus agalactiae KW - Kuwait KW - Aquaculture products KW - Oreochromis niloticus KW - Fishery products KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17977059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Streptococcus+agalactiae+from+frozen+fish+following+natural+and+experimental+infections&rft.au=Evans%2C+J+J%3BWiedenmayer%2C+A+A%3BKlesius%2C+PH%3BShoemaker%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-04-26&rft.volume=233&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquaculture&rft.issn=00448486&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2003.09.024 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pathogenic bacteria; Storage life; Survival; Microbial contamination; Freezing storage; Aquaculture products; Fishery products; Food fish; Microbiological analysis; Liza klunzingeri; Streptococcus agalactiae; Oreochromis niloticus; ISW, Kuwait, Kuwait Bay; Kuwait DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.09.024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term trends in loblolly pine productivity and stand characteristics in response to thinning and fertilization in the West Gulf region AN - 17997999; 5944507 AB - Two levels each of thinning and fertilization were applied to a 7-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation on a nitrogen- and phosphorus-deficient West Gulf Coastal Plain site in Louisiana. Levels of thinning were no thinning, or thinning applied 7 and 14 years after stand initiation. Levels of fertilization were no fertilization or broadcast fertilization with diammonium phosphate at age 7 years plus refertilization with urea, monocalcium phosphate, and potash at age 14 years. Long-term measurements of climate, stand development and productivity, projected leaf area index, and foliar nutrition were initiated at age 11 years. We found that by age 17 years, thinning increased mean live-crown length from 4.2 to 7.8m, and mean tree diameter from 15.0 to 21.8cm compared to the unthinned treatment. After rethinning at age 14 years, stand basal area increased 1.2 and 19.2% between ages 15 and 17 years on the unthinned and thinned plots, respectively. Refertilization at age 14 years reestablished foliar N, P and K sufficiency, which increased leaf area index from 4.2 to 6.0m super(2)m super(-2) on the unthinned plots and from 3.2 to 3.8m super(2)m super(-2) on the thinned plots, and subsequently, increased gross stand biomass from 114 to 141Mgha super(-1) on the unthinned plots and from 78 to 95Mgha super(-1) on the thinned plots by age 17 years. Leaf area was an important factor controlling loblolly pine productivity. At our study site, however, competition for light and water and nutrition-limited foliage growth influenced the variability and scope of this relationship. Our results suggest that a positive and linear relationship between leaf area and loblolly pine productivity does not universally occur on loblolly pine sites. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Sword Sayer, MA AU - Goelz, JCG AU - Chambers, J L AU - Tang, Z AU - Dean, T J AU - Haywood, J D AU - Leduc, D J AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Alexandria Forestry Center, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360, USA, msword@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/04/19/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 19 SP - 71 EP - 96 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 192 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Leaf area KW - Thinning KW - Fertilization KW - Age KW - Phosphate KW - Climate KW - Pinus taeda KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Urea KW - Competition KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17997999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Long-term+trends+in+loblolly+pine+productivity+and+stand+characteristics+in+response+to+thinning+and+fertilization+in+the+West+Gulf+region&rft.au=Sword+Sayer%2C+MA%3BGoelz%2C+JCG%3BChambers%2C+J+L%3BTang%2C+Z%3BDean%2C+T+J%3BHaywood%2C+J+D%3BLeduc%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Sword+Sayer&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2004-04-19&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2004.01.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus taeda; USA, Louisiana; Age; Thinning; Fertilization; Leaf area; Phosphate; Climate; Competition; Forest management; Urea DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnosis and management of foodborne illnesses: a primer for physicians and other health care professionals. AN - 71899832; 15123984 JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - American Medical Association AU - American Nurses Association-American Nurses Foundation AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AU - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration AU - Food Safety and Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture AD - American Medical Association ; American Nurses Association-American Nurses Foundation ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration ; Food Safety and Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture Y1 - 2004/04/16/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 16 SP - 1 EP - 33 VL - 53 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Clinical Laboratory Techniques KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Population Surveillance KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Foodborne Diseases -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71899832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=Diagnosis+and+management+of+foodborne+illnesses%3A+a+primer+for+physicians+and+other+health+care+professionals.&rft.au=American+Medical+Association%3BAmerican+Nurses+Association-American+Nurses+Foundation%3BCenters+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%3BCenter+for+Food+Safety+and+Applied+Nutrition%2C+Food+and+Drug+Administration%3BFood+Safety+and+Inspection+Service%2C+US+Department+of+Agriculture&rft.aulast=American+Medical+Association&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-16&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.issn=1545-8601&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative real-time PCR method to detect changes in specific transcript and total RNA amounts AN - 17754700; 6020372 AB - Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), used in conjunction with reverse transcriptase, has been applied to the determination of the number of copies of a transcript per unit mass of RNA, but did not indicate any change in the amount of total RNA per mass of tissue. In the present work, we described a simple method to use qRT-PCR to estimate the change in the amount of total RNA per unit mass of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tissue in response to cold temperature. Three qRT-PCR templates, i.e. control, cold-exposed, and one of RNA extracted from a sample consisting of equal masses of control and cold-exposed tissue, were analyzed. The number of copies of target transcript per unit mass of RNA was estimated from the three samples using standard qRT-PCR techniques. Equations describing the number of copies of the target sequence in each of the tissue samples were solved simultaneously to describe the relative proportion of the target sequence that originated from each tissue sample in the mixture, thereby providing an estimate of relative amounts of total RNA in the two tissues. JF - Electronic Journal of Biotechnology AU - Baek, K-H AU - Skinner, D Z AD - USDA-ARS & Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 209 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA, dzs@wsu.edu Y1 - 2004/04/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 15 VL - 7 IS - 1 KW - Wheat KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Triticum aestivum KW - RNA KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - RNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Transcription KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17754700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+real-time+PCR+method+to+detect+changes+in+specific+transcript+and+total+RNA+amounts&rft.au=Baek%2C+K-H%3BSkinner%2C+D+Z&rft.aulast=Baek&rft.aufirst=K-H&rft.date=2004-04-15&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Electronic+Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; RNA; Transcription; Polymerase chain reaction; Nucleotide sequence; Temperature effects; RNA-directed DNA polymerase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probability of ponderosa pine infestation by mountain pine beetle in the Colorado Front Range AN - 17984391; 5932331 AB - Insect-caused tree mortality, fires, and pathogens are primary disturbance agents in forest ecosystems. The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is a bark beetle that can cause extensive mortality in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Lawson, along the Colorado Front Range. Despite the history of outbreaks of this insect in Colorado, no models have been developed to estimate the probability of infestation. Thirty-five clusters of one infested and three baseline plots were established from 1998 to 2000 in the Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest in north-central Colorado to develop empirical models of probability of infestation based on forest conditions. Mountain pine beetle-infested plots exhibited higher basal area and stand density index (SDI) for ponderosa pine and for all tree species combined, and higher number of ponderosa pine trees per hectare. Within infested plots, infested trees were larger in diameter at breast height and in the dominant and co-dominant crown positions. A classification tree model indicated that the likelihood of infestation by mountain pine beetle is 0.71 when ponderosa pine basal area is >17.1m super(2)/ha at the stand level. A second plot-level model indicated that the probability of infestation increased with increasing ponderosa pine SDI, ponderosa pine quadratic mean diameter, and total basal area. For individual trees within infested plots the likelihood of infestation was 0.77 for dominant or co-dominant trees >18.2cm in diameter at breast height. Results are consistent with other studies that have documented increased likelihood of infestation or enhanced mortality levels or both as a result of higher host type stocking. The simple models developed should help to guide silvicultural treatments and restoration efforts by establishing stocking levels below which mountain pine beetle-caused mortality is less likely, particularly in the dry sites and poor growing conditions characteristic of the Colorado Front Range. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Negro, J AU - Popp, J B AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, jnegron@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/04/05/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 05 SP - 17 EP - 27 VL - 191 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Mountain pine beetle KW - Ponderosa Pine KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Host selection KW - Pinus ponderosa KW - Pest outbreaks KW - Silviculture KW - USA, Colorado KW - Dendroctonus ponderosae KW - Disturbance KW - D 04700:Management KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17984391?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Probability+of+ponderosa+pine+infestation+by+mountain+pine+beetle+in+the+Colorado+Front+Range&rft.au=Negro%2C+J%3BPopp%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Negro&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-04-05&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2003.10.026 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroctonus ponderosae; Pinus ponderosa; USA, Colorado; Pest outbreaks; Silviculture; Host selection; Disturbance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.10.026 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discerning strain effects in microbial dose-response data. AN - 72014859; 15192861 AB - In order to estimate the risk or probability of adverse events in risk assessment, it is necessary to identify the important variables that contribute to the risk and provide descriptions of distributions of these variables for well-defined populations. One component of modeling dose response that can create uncertainty is the inherent genetic variability among pathogenic bacteria. For many microbial risk assessments, the "default" assumption used for dose response does not account for strain or serotype variability in pathogenicity and virulence, other than perhaps, recognizing the existence of avirulent strains. However, an examination of data sets from human clinical trials in which Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter jejuni strains were administered reveals significant strain differences. This article discusses the evidence for strain variability and concludes that more biologically based alternatives are necessary to replace the default assumptions commonly used in microbial risk assessment, specifically regarding strain variability. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Coleman, Margaret E AU - Marks, Harry M AU - Golden, Neal J AU - Latimer, Heejeong K AD - USDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Health and Science, Risk Assessment Division, Washington, DC, USA. PY - 2004 SP - 667 EP - 685 VL - 67 IS - 8-10 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Food Microbiology KW - Campylobacter Infections -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- pathogenicity KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- classification KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- pathogenicity KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- classification KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72014859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Discerning+strain+effects+in+microbial+dose-response+data.&rft.au=Coleman%2C+Margaret+E%3BMarks%2C+Harry+M%3BGolden%2C+Neal+J%3BLatimer%2C+Heejeong+K&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8-10&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of pectinase activity among Aspergillus flavus isolates from southwestern and southeastern United States. AN - 71997548; 15180162 AB - Aspergillus flavus is a widely distributed filamentous fungus that contaminates crops with the potent carcinogen aflatoxin. This species can be divided into S and L strains on the basis of sclerotial morphology. During crop infection, A. flavus can secrete a large array of hydrolytic enzymes. These include pectinase, which aids fungal spread through plant tissues. A survey of pectinase expression by soil isolates derived from different regions of the United States revealed geographic polymorphisms. Strain L isolates from Arizona produced moderate to high levels of a specific pectinase P2c, while S strain isolates produced variable amounts of P2c. In contrast, L strain isolates from southeastern U.S. yielded variable P2c production, while S strain isolates consistently expressed high P2c levels. These results were corroborated by pectinase surveys of additional collections of A. flavus from soil and cottonseed. Expression patterns for P2c and pectinmethylesterase were evaluated for a select number of isolates using an isoelectric focusing technique. Clear zone reactions from the pectinase plate assay corresponded to the presence of P2c, while red ring reactions corresponded to the lack of P2c. Commercial cottonseed infected by S strain isolates frequently contained aflatoxin, even when infected by S strain isolates that did not produce pectinase P2c. Thus, although P2c-lacking isolates have reduced invasiveness, these isolates still have sufficient pathogenicity to cause aflatoxin contamination. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Mellon, Jay E AU - Cotty, Peter J AD - USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, PO Box 19687, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA. jmellon@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 333 EP - 338 VL - 157 IS - 3 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Cottonseed Oil KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - pectinesterase KW - EC 3.1.1.11 KW - Polygalacturonase KW - EC 3.2.1.15 KW - Index Medicus KW - Southeastern United States KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxins -- metabolism KW - Arizona KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Isoelectric Focusing KW - Aspergillus flavus -- enzymology KW - Polygalacturonase -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus flavus -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71997548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Expression+of+pectinase+activity+among+Aspergillus+flavus+isolates+from+southwestern+and+southeastern+United+States.&rft.au=Mellon%2C+Jay+E%3BCotty%2C+Peter+J&rft.aulast=Mellon&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Larval Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) mortality after topical application of antibiotics and dusts. AN - 71954208; 15154433 AB - Beekeepers apply various dusts to honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies to dislodge parasitic mites and control bacterial brood diseases. Anecdotal reports by beekeepers indicate that the antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) can be toxic when applied in powdered sugar to cells containing immature bee brood, but it was not known whether the purported toxicity is caused by the antibiotic or the sugar carrier. Additionally, the toxicity of various dusts, proposed for parasitic mite control, is poorly known. In the current studies, we tested OTC and two other antibiotics (tylosin and lincomycin, candidate compounds for use in honey bee colonies) in a powdered sugar carrier for larval toxicity. We also tested for larval toxicity, several dusts that have been proposed for mite control. OTC caused significant brood mortality of approximately 80% at the concentrations used in the hive (200 mg in 20 g sugar). In contrast, tylosin and lincomycin at the 200 mg dose were both similar to untreated controls, and only five times that concentration (1000 mg) caused significant brood mortality of approximately 65%. The addition of dusts, wheat flour, talc, and a commercially available protein supplement, BeePro, resulted in mortality levels between 65 and 80%, similar to that seen with OTC. The common antibiotic carrier, powered confectioners sugar, was nontoxic. The use of 100 unsealed brood cells was demonstrated to be a reliable means of assessing potential adverse affects of dry compounds on larval honey bees. Two new candidate antibiotics for use in honey bee colonies were less toxic to larval bees than the currently labeled antibiotic, OTC. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Pettis, J S AU - Kochansky, J AU - Feldlaufer, M F AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 171 EP - 176 VL - 97 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Insecticides KW - Lincomycin KW - BOD072YW0F KW - Oxytetracycline KW - X20I9EN955 KW - Tylosin KW - YEF4JXN031 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tylosin -- toxicity KW - Mites KW - Oxytetracycline -- toxicity KW - Insecticides -- toxicity KW - Larva -- physiology KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Bees -- microbiology KW - Bees -- parasitology KW - Bees -- growth & development KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- toxicity KW - Larva -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71954208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Larval+Apis+mellifera+L.+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+mortality+after+topical+application+of+antibiotics+and+dusts.&rft.au=Pettis%2C+J+S%3BKochansky%2C+J%3BFeldlaufer%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Pettis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deterrent effects of four neem-based formulations on gravid female boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) feeding and oviposition on cotton squares. AN - 71952259; 15154463 AB - Three commercial neem-based insecticides, Agroneem, Ecozin, and Neemix, and a neem seed extract formulation, bitters, containing 1,036, 16,506, 471, and 223 microg/ml azadirachtin, respectively, were assessed for feeding and oviposition deterrence against gravid female boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, in the laboratory. In choice assays, excised cotton squares dipped in the separate formulations were first physically contacted by the weevils' tarsi or antennae fewer times than nontreated control squares. In choice and no-choice assays, each formulation repelled the weevils for > or = 90 min. After 24 h in the choice assays, feeding punctures on the squares treated with Agroneem, Ecozin, or bitters were significantly fewer compared with controls. Egg punctures on the Ecozin- and the bitters-treated squares were significantly fewer than on control squares after 24 h. In the no-choice assay, no significant difference was detected. Aging the formulations under outdoor conditions for 24 h before weevils were exposed resulted in 46-60% and 62-82% reductions in feeding and oviposition punctures, respectively, compared with controls. Agroneem- and bitters-treated squares had > 37% fewer feeding punctures after being aged for 48 h. No significant difference was detected after 72 h of aging. Because the deterrence of the gravid female boll weevils was not correlated with amounts of azadirachtin, azadirachtin does not seem to be the only, or the most influential, component of neem that induced the observed deterrence. JF - Journal of economic entomology AU - Showler, A T AU - Greenberg, S M AU - Arnason, J T AD - USDA-ARS APMRU, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. ashowler@weslaco.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 414 EP - 421 VL - 97 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Plant Extracts KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating KW - Animals KW - Cotton Fiber KW - Sunlight KW - Oviposition KW - Female KW - Beetles -- physiology KW - Azadirachta -- chemistry KW - Plant Extracts -- administration & dosage KW - Gossypium UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71952259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.atitle=Deterrent+effects+of+four+neem-based+formulations+on+gravid+female+boll+weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+feeding+and+oviposition+on+cotton+squares.&rft.au=Showler%2C+A+T%3BGreenberg%2C+S+M%3BArnason%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Showler&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+economic+entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does environmental exposure to manganese pose a health risk to healthy adults? AN - 71928690; 15141430 AB - Manganese is an essential nutrient that also may be toxic at high concentrations. Subjects chronically exposed to manganese-laden dust in industrial settings develop neuropsychological changes that resemble Parkinson's disease. Manganese has been proposed as an additive to gasoline (as a replacement for the catalytic properties of lead), which has generated increased research interest in the possible deleterious effects of environmental exposure to manganese. Low-level exposure to manganese has been implicated in neurologic changes, decreased learning ability in school-aged children, and increased propensity for violence in adults. However, a thorough review of the literature shows very weak cause-and-effect relationships that do not justify concern about environmental exposure to manganese for most of the North American population. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Finley, John W AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA. Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 148 EP - 153 VL - 62 IS - 4 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Behavior -- drug effects KW - Manganese -- metabolism KW - Manganese Poisoning -- complications KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Manganese -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71928690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Does+environmental+exposure+to+manganese+pose+a+health+risk+to+healthy+adults%3F&rft.au=Finley%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Finley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of pH on the survival of Listeria innocua in calcium ascorbate solutions and on quality of fresh-cut apples. AN - 71834032; 15083727 AB - Fresh-cut apple slices were dipped in calcium ascorbate (CaA) solution at pH values ranging from 2.5 to 7.0 to inhibit browning. After treatment, the cut apples were stored at 4 and 10 degrees C for up to 21 days. Color and texture of the apples were determined on days 1, 14, and 21. In a separate experiement, the pH of CaA solution was adjusted with acetic acid to six different pH levels, and the solution was inoculated with Listeria innocua. The survival of the bacterium and the stability of CaA were determined at 0, 20, and 96 h. The cut apples maintained fresh quality when the pH of the CaA solution was above 4.5, but slight discoloration of apple slices dipped in pH 4.5 solution was observed after 14 days at 10 degrees C. At pH 5.0, the CaA dip maintained the quality of the apples at both temperatures for at least 21 days. The L. innocua population was reduced by 4 to 5 log CFU/ml at pH 4.5 after 96 h. At pH 5, the bacterial population in the CaA solution was reduced by approximately 2 log CFU/ml during the same period. The CaA solution was stable at pH 5 for at least 96 h. Reduction of the pH to between 4.5 and 5.0 might reduce the risk of foodborne illness due to consumption of fresh-cut apples treated with a CaA solution contaminated with Listeria. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Karaibrahimoglu, Yildiz AU - Fan, Xuetong AU - Sapers, Gerald M AU - Sokorai, Kimberly AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8598, USA. Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 751 EP - 757 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Calcium -- pharmacology KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Time Factors KW - Quality Control KW - Malus -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Listeria -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71834032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+pH+on+the+survival+of+Listeria+innocua+in+calcium+ascorbate+solutions+and+on+quality+of+fresh-cut+apples.&rft.au=Karaibrahimoglu%2C+Yildiz%3BFan%2C+Xuetong%3BSapers%2C+Gerald+M%3BSokorai%2C+Kimberly&rft.aulast=Karaibrahimoglu&rft.aufirst=Yildiz&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of alfalfa seed washing on the organic carbon concentration in chlorinated and ozonated water. AN - 71827418; 15083737 AB - The bioassays assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and coliform growth response are better indexes than biological oxygen demand to determine water quality and water's ability to support the growth of bacteria. Ozonated (5 mg/liter) and chlorinated tap water were used to wash alfalfa seeds for 30 min. After washing in the ozonated tap water, the AOC concentration increased 25-fold, whereas the dissolved ozone decreased to undetectable levels. The AOC levels for the chlorinated water after washing the seeds also increased. These increases are due to ozone's strong oxidizing ability to break down refractory, large-molecular-weight compounds, forming smaller ones, which are readily used as nutrient sources for microorganisms. This same phenomenon was observed when using ozone in the treatment of drinking water. The AOC value increased from 1,176 to 1,758 micrograms C-eq/liter after the reconditioned wastewater was ozonated. When the ozonated wastewater was inoculated with Salmonella serotypes, the cells survived and increased generation times were observed. The increased nutrients would now become more readily available to any pathogenic microorganisms located on alfalfa seed surface as seen with the increase in the inoculated levels of Salmonella in the ozonated wastewater. If the washing process using ozonated water is not followed by the recommended hypochlorite treatment or continually purged with ozone, pathogen growth is still possible. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Rajkowski, Kathleen T AU - Rice, Eugene W AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. krajkowski@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 813 EP - 817 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Oxidants, Photochemical KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Area Under Curve KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Oxidants, Photochemical -- pharmacology KW - Medicago sativa -- microbiology KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Seeds -- microbiology KW - Water Microbiology KW - Disinfectants -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71827418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+alfalfa+seed+washing+on+the+organic+carbon+concentration+in+chlorinated+and+ozonated+water.&rft.au=Rajkowski%2C+Kathleen+T%3BRice%2C+Eugene+W&rft.aulast=Rajkowski&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=813&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 and levels of aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae are reduced when hides are washed and treated with cetylpyridinium chloride at a commercial beef processing plant. AN - 71825903; 15083713 AB - The objective of this experiment was to test the potential of a combined water wash and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) treatment as a hide intervention applied to cattle in the holding pens of a processing plant immediately before stunning. Over 2 processing days, 149 control and 139 treated cattle were tested. Control cattle were processed in the normal manner. The treatment group was prewashed with water the day before harvest. Immediately before stunning, these cattle were sprayed twice with 1% CPC, first for 3 min, then for 1 min. Hides and preevisceration carcasses were sampled to determine aerobic plate counts, Enterobacteriaceae counts (EBC), and Escherichia coli O157 prevalence. The treatment reduced the prevalence of E. coli O157 on hides from 56% to 34% and the prevalence on preevisceration carcasses from 23% to 3%. The treatment decreased aerobic plate counts from 4.9 log CFU/100 cm2 to 3.4 log CFU/100 cm2 and EBC from 3.1 log CFU/100 cm2 to 2.0 log CFU/100 cm2 on preevisceration carcasses. The treatment of hides did not result in any detectable CPC contamination of the chilled carcasses. These data indicated that a 1% CPC treatment preceded by a water wash was capable of reducing hide prevalence of E. coli O157 from as high as 80% to less than 50%, resulting in preevisceration carcass prevalence of 5% or less. We conclude that water washing followed by an antimicrobial treatment, such as CPC, has great potential as an effective hide intervention step and should be further evaluated for implementation as a processing step after stunning and before hide removal. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Bosilevac, Joseph M AU - Arthur, Terrance M AU - Wheeler, Tommy L AU - Shackelford, Steven D AU - Rossman, Michelle AU - Reagan, James O AU - Koohmaraie, Mohammad AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA. bosilevac@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 646 EP - 650 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local KW - 0 KW - Cetylpyridinium KW - CUB7JI0JV3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Skin -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Abattoirs KW - Food Handling KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- drug effects KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Hair Removal KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- growth & development KW - Prevalence KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local -- pharmacology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- growth & development KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- drug effects KW - Cetylpyridinium -- pharmacology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Food-Processing Industry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71825903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Escherichia+coli+O157+and+levels+of+aerobic+bacteria+and+Enterobacteriaceae+are+reduced+when+hides+are+washed+and+treated+with+cetylpyridinium+chloride+at+a+commercial+beef+processing+plant.&rft.au=Bosilevac%2C+Joseph+M%3BArthur%2C+Terrance+M%3BWheeler%2C+Tommy+L%3BShackelford%2C+Steven+D%3BRossman%2C+Michelle%3BReagan%2C+James+O%3BKoohmaraie%2C+Mohammad&rft.aulast=Bosilevac&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=646&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Escherichia coli O157 prevalence and enumeration of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia coli O157 at various steps in commercial beef processing plants. AN - 71825808; 15083715 AB - The effectiveness of current antimicrobial interventions used in reducing the prevalence or load of Escherichia coli O157 and indicator organisms on cattle hides and carcasses at two commercial beef processing plants was evaluated. Sponge sampling of beef cattle was performed at five locations from the initial entry of the animals to the slaughter floor to the exit of carcasses from the "hotbox" cooler. For each sample, E. coli O157 prevalence was determined and total aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli O157 were enumerated. E. coli O157 was found on 76% of animal hides coming into the plants, but no carcasses leaving the cooler were identified as contaminated with E. coli O157. A positive relationship was seen between the incidence of E. coli O157 in hide samples and that in preevisceration samples. Aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts averaged 7.8 and 6.2 log CFU/100 cm2, respectively, on hides, and 1.4 and 0.4 log CFU/100 cm2, respectively, on chilled carcasses. Aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts on preevisceration carcasses were significantly related to the respective levels on the corresponding hides; the carcasses of animals whose hides carried higher numbers of bacteria were more likely to carry higher numbers of bacteria. Implementation of the sampling protocol described here would allow processors to evaluate the efficacy of on-line antimicrobial interventions and allow industrywide benchmarking of hygienic practices. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Arthur, Terrance M AU - Bosilevac, Joseph M AU - Nou, Xiangwu AU - Shackelford, Steven D AU - Wheeler, Tommy L AU - Kent, Matthew P AU - Jaroni, Divya AU - Pauling, Bruce AU - Allen, Dell M AU - Koohmaraie, Mohammad AD - Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA. arthur@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 658 EP - 665 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Hygiene KW - Prevalence KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- isolation & purification KW - Food-Processing Industry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71825808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Escherichia+coli+O157+prevalence+and+enumeration+of+aerobic+bacteria%2C+Enterobacteriaceae%2C+and+Escherichia+coli+O157+at+various+steps+in+commercial+beef+processing+plants.&rft.au=Arthur%2C+Terrance+M%3BBosilevac%2C+Joseph+M%3BNou%2C+Xiangwu%3BShackelford%2C+Steven+D%3BWheeler%2C+Tommy+L%3BKent%2C+Matthew+P%3BJaroni%2C+Divya%3BPauling%2C+Bruce%3BAllen%2C+Dell+M%3BKoohmaraie%2C+Mohammad&rft.aulast=Arthur&rft.aufirst=Terrance&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=658&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A single-amino acid substitution in the sixth leucine-rich repeat of barley MLA6 and MLA13 alleviates dependence on RAR1 for disease resistance signaling. AN - 71823610; 15078326 AB - Interactions between barley and the powdery mildew pathogen, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, (Bgh) are determined by unique combinations of host resistance genes, designated Mildew-resistance locus (Ml), and cognate pathogen avirulence genes. These interactions occur both dependent and independent of Rar1 (required for Mla12 resistance) and Sgt1 (Suppressor of G-two allele of skp1), which are differentially required for diverse plant disease-resistance pathways. We have isolated two new functional Mla alleles, Rar1-independent Mla7 and Rar1-dependent Mla10, as well as the Mla paralogs, Mla6-2 and Mla13-2. Utilizing the inherent diversity amongst Mla-encoded proteins, we identified the only two amino acids exclusively conserved in RAR1-dependent MLA6, MLA10, MLA12, and MLA13 that differ at the corresponding position in RAR1-independent MLA1 and MLA7. Two- and three-dimensional modeling places these residues on a predicted surface of the sixth leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain at positions distinct from those within the beta-sheets hypothesized to determine resistance specificity. Site-directed mutagenesis of these residues indicates that RAR1 independence requires the presence of an aspartate at position 721, as mutation of this residue to a structurally similar, but uncharged, asparagine did not alter RAR1 dependence. These results demonstrate that a single-amino acid substitution in the sixth MLA LRR can alter host signaling but not resistance specificity to B. graminis. JF - The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology AU - Halterman, Dennis A AU - Wise, Roger P AD - Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, USDA-ARS, Department of Plant Pathology, and Center for Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA. Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 215 EP - 226 VL - 38 IS - 2 SN - 0960-7412, 0960-7412 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Plant KW - MLA6 protein, Hordeum vulgare KW - Plant Proteins KW - Rar1 protein, Hordeum vulgare KW - Index Medicus KW - Phylogeny KW - Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid KW - Ascomycota -- pathogenicity KW - Plants, Genetically Modified KW - Models, Molecular KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Evolution, Molecular KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Plant -- genetics KW - Signal Transduction -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Plant Diseases -- genetics KW - Genes, Plant KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Plant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Hordeum -- physiology KW - Hordeum -- microbiology KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Hordeum -- genetics KW - Plant Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71823610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+journal+%3A+for+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=A+single-amino+acid+substitution+in+the+sixth+leucine-rich+repeat+of+barley+MLA6+and+MLA13+alleviates+dependence+on+RAR1+for+disease+resistance+signaling.&rft.au=Halterman%2C+Dennis+A%3BWise%2C+Roger+P&rft.aulast=Halterman&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Plant+journal+%3A+for+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09607412&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY266442; GENBANK; AY266443; AY266444; AY266445 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tri1 in Fusarium graminearum encodes a P450 oxygenase. AN - 71804786; 15066795 AB - Gibberella zeae (asexual state Fusarium graminearum) is a major causal agent of wheat head blight and maize ear rot in North America and is responsible for contamination of grain with deoxynivalenol and related trichothecene mycotoxins. To identify additional trichothecene biosynthetic genes, cDNA libraries were prepared from fungal cultures under trichothecene-inducing conditions in culture and in planta. A gene designated LH1 that was highly expressed under these conditions exhibited only moderate (59%) similarity to known trichothecene biosynthetic cytochrome P450s. To determine the function of LH1, gene disruptants were produced and assessed for trichothecene production. Gene disruptants no longer produced 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, which is oxygenated at carbon 7 (C-7) and C-8, but rather accumulated calonectrin and 3-deacetylcalonectrin, which are not oxygenated at either C-7 or C-8. These results indicate that gene LH1 encodes a cytochrome P450 responsible for oxygenation at one or both of these positions. Despite the relatively low level of DNA and amino acid sequence similarity between the two genes, LH1 from G. zeae is the probable homologue of Tri1, which encodes a cytochrome P450 required for C-8 oxygenation in F. sporotrichioides. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - McCormick, S P AU - Harris, L J AU - Alexander, N J AU - Ouellet, T AU - Saparno, A AU - Allard, S AU - Desjardins, A E AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. mccormsp@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 2044 EP - 2051 VL - 70 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - Trichothecenes KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Base Sequence KW - Genes, Fungal KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- chemistry KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Plant Diseases -- microbiology KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Gene Targeting KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Models, Biological KW - Expressed Sequence Tags KW - Fusarium -- pathogenicity KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- enzymology KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71804786?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Tri1+in+Fusarium+graminearum+encodes+a+P450+oxygenase.&rft.au=McCormick%2C+S+P%3BHarris%2C+L+J%3BAlexander%2C+N+J%3BOuellet%2C+T%3BSaparno%2C+A%3BAllard%2C+S%3BDesjardins%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2044&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - CF075158; GENBANK; CF075159; CF075161; CF075160; CF075163; CF075162 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jun 11;93(12):6025-30 [8650213] Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;7(9):3297-305 [2823126] Fungal Genet Biol. 1999 Apr;26(3):224-35 [10361036] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Dec;65(12):5252-6 [10583973] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 13;98(4):2065-70 [11172076] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May 8;98(10):5838-43 [11320210] Fungal Genet Biol. 2001 Mar;32(2):121-33 [11352533] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Jul;67(7):2966-72 [11425709] Genetics. 2002 Apr;160(4):1451-60 [11973300] EMBO J. 1995 Feb 15;14(4):779-90 [7882981] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Feb;62(2):353-9 [8593041] Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1995 Jul-Aug;8(4):593-601 [8589414] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 May;68(5):2148-54 [11976083] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Jun;68(6):2959-64 [12039755] J Biol Chem. 2002 Jun 14;277(24):21246-53 [11943776] Fungal Genet Biol. 2002 Aug;36(3):224-33 [12135578] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Mar;69(3):1607-13 [12620849] Fungal Genet Biol. 2003 Mar;38(2):187-97 [12620255] FEBS Lett. 2003 Mar 27;539(1-3):105-10 [12650935] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Oct;69(10):5935-40 [14532047] J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 16;273(3):1654-61 [9430709] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The htrA (degP) gene of Listeria monocytogenes 10403S is essential for optimal growth under stress conditions. AN - 71801056; 15066783 AB - This report describes a mutant of Listeria monocytogenes strain 10403S (serotype 1/2a) with a defective response to conditions of high osmolarity, an environment that L. monocytogenes encounters in some ready-to-eat foods. A library of L. monocytogenes clones mutagenized with Tn917 was generated and scored for sensitivity to 4% NaCl in order to identify genes responsible for growth or survival in elevated-NaCl environments. One of the L. monocytogenes Tn917 mutants, designated strain OSM1, was selected, and the gene interrupted by the transposon was sequenced. A BLAST search with the putative translated amino acid sequence indicated that the interrupted gene product was a homolog of htrA (degP), a gene coding for a serine protease identified as a stress response protein in several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. An htrA deletion strain, strain LDW1, was constructed, and the salt-sensitive phenotype of this strain was complemented by introduction of a plasmid carrying the wild-type htrA gene, demonstrating that htrA is necessary for optimal growth under conditions of osmotic stress. Additionally, strain LDW1 was tested for its response to temperature and H(2)O(2) stresses. The results of these growth assays indicated that strain LDW1 grew at a lower rate than the wild-type strain at 44 degrees C but at a rate similar to that of the wild-type strain when incubated at 4 degrees C. In addition, strain LDW1 was significantly more sensitive to a 52 degrees C heat shock than the wild-type strain. Strain LDW1 was also defective in its response to H(2)O(2) challenge at 37 degrees C, since 100 or 150 micro g of H(2)O(2) was more inhibitory for the growth of strain LDW1 than for that of the parent strain. The stress response phenotype observed for strain LDW1 is similar to that observed for other HtrA(-) organisms, which suggests that L. monocytogenes HtrA may play a role in degrading misfolded proteins that accumulate under stress conditions. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Wonderling, Laura D AU - Wilkinson, Brian J AU - Bayles, Darrell O AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 1935 EP - 1943 VL - 70 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Periplasmic Proteins KW - Sodium Chloride KW - 451W47IQ8X KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - DegP protease KW - EC 3.4.21.- KW - Serine Endopeptidases KW - Index Medicus KW - Osmotic Pressure KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Temperature KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Gene Deletion KW - Phenotype KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Mutation KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- metabolism KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- drug effects KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- genetics KW - Serine Endopeptidases -- genetics KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development KW - Periplasmic Proteins -- genetics KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71801056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=The+htrA+%28degP%29+gene+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+10403S+is+essential+for+optimal+growth+under+stress+conditions.&rft.au=Wonderling%2C+Laura+D%3BWilkinson%2C+Brian+J%3BBayles%2C+Darrell+O&rft.aulast=Wonderling&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1935&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY049084; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Mol Biol. 1999 Dec 17;294(5):1363-74 [10600391] J Bacteriol. 1998 Jul;180(14):3650-6 [9658010] J Bacteriol. 2000 Mar;182(6):1592-9 [10692364] Mol Microbiol. 2000 Mar;35(5):1042-51 [10712686] Lett Appl Microbiol. 2000 Jan;30(1):23-7 [10728555] Int J Food Microbiol. 2000 Apr 10;55(1-3):19-25 [10791712] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2000 May 15;186(2):281-6 [10802185] Bioinformatics. 2000 Oct;16(10):944-5 [11120685] Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):849-52 [11679669] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Jul;68(7):3486-95 [12089032] Infect Immun. 2002 Sep;70(9):4772-6 [12183518] J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 18;277(42):39443-9 [12177052] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003 Jan 21;218(1):31-8 [12583894] Mol Microbiol. 1999 Dec;34(5):1029-38 [10594827] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003 Jun 6;223(1):89-93 [12799005] Infect Immun. 1984 Apr;44(1):157-61 [6323313] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Jul;52(1):59-63 [3089158] J Bacteriol. 1989 Mar;171(3):1574-84 [2537822] Can J Microbiol. 1989 Feb;35(2):245-54 [2501014] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Aug;55(8):1925-7 [2506809] J Bacteriol. 1990 Apr;172(4):1791-7 [2180903] J Bacteriol. 1990 Jul;172(7):3738-44 [2163385] Mol Microbiol. 1991 Feb;5(2):401-7 [1645840] Mol Microbiol. 1993 Apr;8(2):219-27 [8316076] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jun;59(6):1842-7 [8328803] Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80 [7984417] Infect Immun. 1996 Aug;64(8):2980-7 [8757824] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Sep;62(9):3088-93 [8795194] J Bacteriol. 1996 Oct;178(20):5925-9 [8830688] Mol Microbiol. 1997 Oct;26(2):209-21 [9383148] Infect Immun. 1998 Mar;66(3):899-906 [9488373] Infect Immun. 1998 Aug;66(8):3635-42 [9673243] Int J Food Microbiol. 1998 Jun 30;42(1-2):71-7 [9706800] Int J Food Microbiol. 1998 Jun 30;42(1-2):127-31 [9706805] J Food Prot. 1998 Jun;61(6):683-7 [9709249] Arch Microbiol. 1998 Oct;170(5):319-30 [9818351] J Bacteriol. 1998 Dec;180(23):6148-53 [9829922] Cell. 1999 Apr 30;97(3):339-47 [10319814] Mol Microbiol. 1999 Aug;33(3):583-9 [10417648] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):607-25 [10511517] Mol Gen Genet. 1999 Sep;262(2):342-50 [10517331] Biotechniques. 1999 Dec;27(6):1170-2, 1176-7 [10631496] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of template strand switching during initiation and termination of DNA replication of porcine circovirus. AN - 71791957; 15047840 AB - Nucleotide substitution mutagenesis was conducted to investigate the importance of the inverted repeats (palindrome) at the origin of DNA replication (Ori) of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1). Viral genomes with engineered mutations on either arm or both arms of the palindrome were not impaired in protein synthesis and yielded infectious progeny viruses with restored or new palindromes. Thus, a flanking palindrome at the Ori was not essential for initiation of DNA replication, but one was generated inevitably at termination. Among the 26 viruses recovered, 16 showed evidence of template strand switching, from minus-strand genome DNA to palindromic strand DNA, during biosynthesis of the Ori. Here I propose a novel rolling-circle "melting-pot" model for PCV1 DNA replication. In this model, the replicator Rep protein complex binds, destabilizes, and nicks the Ori sequence to initiate leading-strand DNA synthesis. All four strands of the destabilized inverted repeats exist in a "melted" configuration, and the minus-strand viral genome and a palindromic strand are available as templates, simultaneously, during initiation or termination of DNA replication. Inherent in this model is a "gene correction" or "terminal repeat correction" mechanism that can restore mutilated inverted-repeat sequences to a palindrome at the Ori of circular DNAs or at the termini of circularized linear DNAs. Potentially, the melted state of the inverted repeats increases the rate of noncomplementary or illegitimate nucleotide incorporation into the palindrome. Thus, this melting-pot model provides insight into the mechanisms of DNA replication, gene correction, and illegitimate recombination at the Ori of PCV1, and it may be applicable to the replication of other circular DNA molecules. JF - Journal of virology AU - Cheung, Andrew K AD - Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA. acheung@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 4268 EP - 4277 VL - 78 IS - 8 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - DNA, Circular KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Replication KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - DNA, Circular -- genetics KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - Genome, Viral KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - DNA, Viral -- biosynthesis KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Circular -- chemistry KW - DNA, Viral -- chemistry KW - Replication Origin KW - Models, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Circular -- biosynthesis KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - DNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - DNA Replication -- genetics KW - Circovirus -- genetics KW - DNA Replication -- physiology KW - Circovirus -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71791957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+template+strand+switching+during+initiation+and+termination+of+DNA+replication+of+porcine+circovirus.&rft.au=Cheung%2C+Andrew+K&rft.aulast=Cheung&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Virol. 1999;144(10):2065-70 [10550679] J Virol. 2002 Dec;76(24):12792-802 [12438604] Virology. 2003 Sep 1;313(2):452-9 [12954212] Arch Virol. 2004 May;149(5):975-88 [15098111] Cell. 1983 May;33(1):135-43 [6088052] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(10):3386-90 [3010295] EMBO J. 1986 Dec 20;5(13):3691-6 [3030736] J Mol Biol. 1989 Mar 5;206(1):91-100 [2539485] Nature. 1982 Jan 7;295(5844):64-6 [7057875] Virology. 1989 Jul;171(1):83-8 [2741350] EMBO J. 1989 Jul;8(7):2077-85 [2792081] Arch Virol. 1991;117(1-2):129-35 [2006901] Virology. 1991 Oct;184(2):786-90 [1887595] Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Jul 11;20(13):3279-85 [1630899] Plant Cell. 1989 Oct;1(10):985-92 [2562558] J Vet Diagn Invest. 1993 Oct;5(4):609-12 [8286462] J Mol Biol. 1994 Apr 8;237(4):388-400 [8151700] J Gen Virol. 1994 Nov;75 ( Pt 11):3203-9 [7964630] J Virol. 1996 Jan;70(1):148-58 [8523519] J Gen Virol. 1997 Jan;78 ( Pt 1):221-7 [9010307] J Virol. 1997 Mar;71(3):2562-6 [9032401] J Gen Virol. 1998 Feb;79 ( Pt 2):381-4 [9472624] Adv Virus Res. 1998;50:183-234 [9521000] J Virol. 1998 Jun;72(6):5262-7 [9573301] J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Sep;36(9):2535-41 [9705388] J Gen Virol. 1998 Sep;79 ( Pt 9):2171-9 [9747726] Arch Virol. 1998;143(9):1723-44 [9787657] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jul 6;96(14):8022-7 [10393941] J Vet Diagn Invest. 2000 Jan;12(1):3-14 [10690769] Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2000;35(2):105-40 [10821479] J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Jul;38(7):2494-503 [10878032] Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Oct 15;56(3-4):313-29 [11212359] Virology. 2001 Jan 20;279(2):429-38 [11162799] Virology. 2001 Aug 1;286(2):354-62 [11485403] J Gen Virol. 2001 Nov;82(Pt 11):2805-9 [11602793] Virology. 1995 Apr 1;208(1):303-11 [11831712] Arch Virol. 2002;147(1):43-58 [11855635] Virology. 2001 Dec 5;291(1):152-60 [11878884] Virology. 2003 May 25;310(1):41-9 [12788629] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of ultrasonic energy for intensification of the bio-preparation of greige cotton. AN - 71779350; 15047266 AB - Raw unscoured cotton contains approximately 90% cellulose and various noncellulosic impurities such as waxes, pectins, proteins, and fats. To remove these hydrophobic noncellulosics and produce a highly absorbent fiber that can be dyed and finished uniformly, the greige cotton is traditionally processed with relatively harsh and environmentally unfriendly chemicals. New bio-preparation processes that utilize highly specific enzymes instead of conventional organic/inorganic chemicals are becoming increasingly popular in the textile industry. The major shortcoming of this new technology is that the processing time is much longer than the conventional method. This limitation was overcome by use of ultrasound energy in combination with enzyme processing. The combined enzyme/ultrasound bio-preparation of greige cotton offers significant advantages such as less consumption of expensive enzymes, shorter processing time, better uniformity of treatment and a notable decrease in the amount and toxicity of the resulting textile wastewater effluents. JF - Ultrasonics AU - Yachmenev, Val G AU - Blanchard, Eugene J AU - Lambert, Allan H AD - Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. yachmene@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 87 EP - 91 VL - 42 IS - 1-9 SN - 0041-624X, 0041-624X KW - Enzymes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Design KW - Manufactured Materials KW - Ultrasonics KW - Cotton Fiber UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71779350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ultrasonics&rft.atitle=Use+of+ultrasonic+energy+for+intensification+of+the+bio-preparation+of+greige+cotton.&rft.au=Yachmenev%2C+Val+G%3BBlanchard%2C+Eugene+J%3BLambert%2C+Allan+H&rft.aulast=Yachmenev&rft.aufirst=Val&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1-9&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ultrasonics&rft.issn=0041624X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional demarcation of the Fusarium core trichothecene gene cluster. AN - 71703018; 14998528 AB - Many Fusarium species produce toxic sesquiterpenoids known as trichothecenes, including deoxynivalenol and nivalenol by Fusarium graminearum and T-2 toxin by Fusarium sporotrichioides. These toxins are potent inhibitors of protein synthesis and are a significant agricultural problem due to their adverse affect on human, animal, and plant health. Previously, 10-12 co-regulated orthologous genes within a 26-kb region were identified in F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides, respectively. A majority of these clustered genes have been shown to be involved in different aspects of trichothecene metabolism including 7 of 15 biosynthetic steps. Three other biosynthetic steps are carried out by genes located elsewhere in the genome. In this study, we sequenced 14-16 kb of DNA on both sides of the core clusters and identified 12 new ORFs in both Fusarium species. Although the predicted functions of some of the new ORFs are consistent with some unassigned biochemical reactions, gene expression and gene deletion studies indicate that none are required for trichothecene biosynthesis. These results provide evidence to demarcate both ends of the core trichothecene gene cluster. Index descriptors: Fungal secondary metabolite, Pathogenic fungi, Gene cluster, Fusarium, Trichothecene, DON JF - Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B AU - Brown, Daren W AU - Dyer, Rex B AU - McCormick, Susan P AU - Kendra, David F AU - Plattner, Ronald D AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. brownw@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 454 EP - 462 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 1087-1845, 1087-1845 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - nivalenol KW - 5WOP02RM1U KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA, Fungal -- isolation & purification KW - Fungal Proteins -- physiology KW - Multigene Family KW - Open Reading Frames KW - Gene Expression KW - T-2 Toxin -- biosynthesis KW - Sequence Homology KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Gene Order KW - Gene Deletion KW - Mycotoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Mycotoxins -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Fungal -- chemistry KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Trichothecenes -- biosynthesis KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71703018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.atitle=Functional+demarcation+of+the+Fusarium+core+trichothecene+gene+cluster.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Daren+W%3BDyer%2C+Rex+B%3BMcCormick%2C+Susan+P%3BKendra%2C+David+F%3BPlattner%2C+Ronald+D&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Daren&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fungal+genetics+and+biology+%3A+FG+%26+B&rft.issn=10871845&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF359360; GENBANK; AF359361 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon stocks and projections on public forestlands in the United States, 1952-2040. AN - 66923987; 15453397 AB - Approximately 37% of forestlands in the conterminous United States are publicly owned; they represent a substantial area of potential carbon sequestration in US forests and in forest products. However, large areas of public forestlands traditionally have been less intensively inventoried than privately owned forests. Thus, less information is available about their role as carbon sinks. We present estimates of carbon budgets on public forestlands of the 48 conterminous states, along with a discussion of the assumptions necessary to make such estimates. The forest carbon budget simulation model, FORCARB2, makes estimates for US forests primarily based on inventory data. We discuss methods to develop consistent carbon budget estimates from inventory data at varying levels of detail. Total carbon stored on public forestlands in the conterminous US increased from 16.3 Gt in 1953 to the present total of 19.5 Gt, while area increased from 87.1 million hactares to 92.1 million hactares. At the same time the proportion of carbon on public forestlands relative to all forests increased from 35% to 37%. Projections for the next 40 years depend on scenarios of management influences on growth and harvest. JF - Environmental management AU - Smith, James E AU - Heath, Linda S AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, P.O. Box 640, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA. jsmith11@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 433 EP - 442 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - History, 21st Century KW - History, 20th Century KW - Forecasting KW - Forestry -- history KW - Public Sector KW - Greenhouse Effect KW - Trees KW - Ownership KW - Carbon -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66923987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+management&rft.atitle=Carbon+stocks+and+projections+on+public+forestlands+in+the+United+States%2C+1952-2040.&rft.au=Smith%2C+James+E%3BHeath%2C+Linda+S&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - American Water Resources Association annual meeting AN - 51134577; 2005-063455 JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association A2 - Canfield, H. Evan Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 287 EP - 408 PB - American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, VA VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - solute transport KW - models KW - symposia KW - pollutants KW - sediment yield KW - pollution KW - decision-making KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51134577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=American+Water+Resources+Association+annual+meeting&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1093-474X&site=1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual papers are cited separately N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - decision-making; models; pollutants; pollution; sediment yield; solute transport; symposia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of watershed representation on runoff and sediment yield modeling AN - 51134174; 2005-063458 JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Lopes, Vicente L AU - Canfield, H Evan A2 - Canfield, H. Evan Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 311 EP - 320 PB - American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, VA VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - United States KW - gauging KW - slopes KW - southwestern Arizona KW - watersheds KW - stormwater KW - environmental effects KW - climate change KW - sediment yield KW - Walnut Gulch KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - monitoring KW - sediment transport KW - rainfall KW - human activity KW - size KW - models KW - Lucky Hills Watershed KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - Arizona KW - Cochise County Arizona KW - particles KW - land use KW - field studies KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51134174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Effects+of+watershed+representation+on+runoff+and+sediment+yield+modeling&rft.au=Lopes%2C+Vicente+L%3BCanfield%2C+H+Evan&rft.aulast=Lopes&rft.aufirst=Vicente&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1093-474X&site=1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arizona; climate change; Cochise County Arizona; environmental effects; experimental studies; field studies; gauging; human activity; hydrology; infiltration; land use; Lucky Hills Watershed; models; monitoring; particles; rainfall; runoff; sediment transport; sediment yield; size; slopes; southwestern Arizona; stormwater; United States; Walnut Gulch; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parameter identification in a two-multiplier sediment yield model AN - 51133957; 2005-063459 JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Canfield, H Evan AU - Lopes, Vicente L A2 - Canfield, H. Evan Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 321 EP - 332 PB - American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, VA VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - erosion KW - rainfall KW - surface water KW - sedimentation KW - watersheds KW - southeastern Arizona KW - water erosion KW - fluid dynamics KW - samples KW - models KW - Lucky Hills Watershed KW - infiltration KW - sediment yield KW - runoff KW - Arizona KW - Cochise County Arizona KW - hydrodynamics KW - raindrops KW - Walnut Gulch KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51133957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Parameter+identification+in+a+two-multiplier+sediment+yield+model&rft.au=Canfield%2C+H+Evan%3BLopes%2C+Vicente+L&rft.aulast=Canfield&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1093-474X&site=1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arizona; Cochise County Arizona; erosion; fluid dynamics; hydrodynamics; hydrology; infiltration; Lucky Hills Watershed; models; raindrops; rainfall; runoff; samples; sediment yield; sedimentation; soils; southeastern Arizona; surface water; United States; Walnut Gulch; water erosion; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - WEPP Internet interfaces for forest erosion prediction AN - 51133931; 2005-063457 JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Elliott, William J A2 - Canfield, H. Evan Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 299 EP - 310 PB - American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, VA VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - soils KW - forests KW - geologic hazards KW - annual variations KW - erosion KW - data processing KW - prediction KW - water erosion KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - models KW - computer programs KW - Water Erosion Prediction Project KW - sediments KW - data bases KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - soil erosion KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51133931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=WEPP+Internet+interfaces+for+forest+erosion+prediction&rft.au=Elliott%2C+William+J&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1093-474X&site=1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - annual variations; atmospheric precipitation; computer programs; data bases; data processing; erosion; forests; geologic hazards; hydraulic conductivity; models; prediction; sediments; soil erosion; soils; water erosion; Water Erosion Prediction Project ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Information technology in watershed management decision making AN - 51132651; 2005-063461 JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Miller, Ryan C AU - Guertin, D Phillip AU - Heilman, Philip A2 - Canfield, H. Evan Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 347 EP - 358 PB - American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, VA VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - hydrology KW - human activity KW - watersheds KW - water management KW - decision-making KW - environmental effects KW - geographic information systems KW - information systems KW - computer networks KW - water resources KW - land use KW - Internet KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51132651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Information+technology+in+watershed+management+decision+making&rft.au=Miller%2C+Ryan+C%3BGuertin%2C+D+Phillip%3BHeilman%2C+Philip&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1093-474X&site=1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer networks; decision-making; environmental effects; geographic information systems; human activity; hydrology; information systems; Internet; land use; water management; water resources; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil erosion and sediment yield prediction accuracy using WEPP AN - 51132346; 2005-063456 JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Laflen, John M AU - Flanagan, Dennis C AU - Engel, Bernard A A2 - Canfield, H. Evan Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 239 EP - 298 PB - American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, VA VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - monitoring KW - erosion KW - rainfall KW - human activity KW - data processing KW - watersheds KW - prediction KW - water erosion KW - measurement KW - models KW - computer programs KW - Water Erosion Prediction Project KW - sediment yield KW - runoff KW - soil erosion KW - accuracy KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51132346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Soil+erosion+and+sediment+yield+prediction+accuracy+using+WEPP&rft.au=Laflen%2C+John+M%3BFlanagan%2C+Dennis+C%3BEngel%2C+Bernard+A&rft.aulast=Laflen&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1093-474X&site=1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; computer programs; data processing; erosion; human activity; hydrology; land use; measurement; models; monitoring; prediction; rainfall; runoff; sediment yield; soil erosion; soils; water erosion; Water Erosion Prediction Project; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating the impact of drainage design in a cold climate with ADAPT AN - 51131645; 2005-063460 JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Mendez, Aida AU - Sands, Gary R AU - Basin, Berangere AU - Jin, Chang-Xing AU - Wotzka, Paul J A2 - Canfield, H. Evan Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 385 EP - 400 PB - American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, VA VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - United States KW - Minnesota KW - human activity KW - drainage KW - agriculture KW - agricultural drainage and pesticide transport model KW - water balance KW - ADAPT KW - simulation KW - environmental effects KW - depth KW - ground water KW - models KW - climate effects KW - cold environment KW - land use KW - climate KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51131645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Simulating+the+impact+of+drainage+design+in+a+cold+climate+with+ADAPT&rft.au=Mendez%2C+Aida%3BSands%2C+Gary+R%3BBasin%2C+Berangere%3BJin%2C+Chang-Xing%3BWotzka%2C+Paul+J&rft.aulast=Mendez&rft.aufirst=Aida&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1093-474X&site=1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ADAPT; agricultural drainage and pesticide transport model; agriculture; climate; climate effects; cold environment; depth; drainage; environmental effects; ground water; human activity; land use; Minnesota; models; simulation; United States; water balance ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of actinide migration pathways at Rocky Flats, Colorado AN - 51129822; 2005-063462 JF - Journal of the American Water Resources Association AU - Paton, Ian B AU - Dayton, Christine S AU - Jubenville, David M AU - Weiner, Eugene R AU - Hyder, Martha W A2 - Canfield, H. Evan Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 359 EP - 370 PB - American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, VA VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1093-474X, 1093-474X KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - migration KW - Denver County Colorado KW - monitoring KW - pollutants KW - plutonium KW - regulations KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - Rocky Flats Plant KW - ground water KW - Denver Colorado KW - metals KW - americium KW - nuclear facilities KW - air KW - uranium KW - Colorado KW - geochemistry KW - actinides KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51129822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+actinide+migration+pathways+at+Rocky+Flats%2C+Colorado&rft.au=Paton%2C+Ian+B%3BDayton%2C+Christine+S%3BJubenville%2C+David+M%3BWeiner%2C+Eugene+R%3BHyder%2C+Martha+W&rft.aulast=Paton&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Water+Resources+Association&rft.issn=1093474X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1093-474X&site=1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Water Resources Association annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - WARBAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; air; americium; Colorado; Denver Colorado; Denver County Colorado; geochemistry; ground water; metals; migration; monitoring; nuclear facilities; plutonium; pollutants; pollution; regulations; Rocky Flats Plant; solute transport; surface water; United States; uranium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth and fermentation responses of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to O2 limitation AN - 20041319; 8336722 AB - Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 produced small amounts of ethanol from glucose, mannose, cellobiose, maltose and sucrose when grown with a limited O2 supply in sealed bottles. Under O2-limited growth on glucose, low levels of acetate or oxalate were produced when nitrogen was in excess or limited, respectively. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity (15 nmol/min/mg extract protein) was detected in cell extracts made from ethanol producing cells. The low levels of fermentative enzymes and products indicate that P. chrysosporium does not grow fermentatively, but probably survives transient oxygen limitation by fermentation. Analysis of the genome sequence has indicated multiple alcohol dehydrogenase genes that resemble ADH I and ADH II. Fermentation experiments conducted with 1-13C- and 2-13C-glucose produced 2-13C- and 1-13C-ethanol, respectively. Under conditions of 1-13C-glucose incubation with nitrogen in excess 2-13C-acetate was also detected. The labeling pattern is consistent with ethanol formation by glycolysis and alcohol dehydrogenase. Ethanol was detected in aspen chips aerobically colonized by P. chrysosporium only when the culture was purged with nitrogen gas. The data indicate that P. chrysosporium is able to ferment components of wood when the supply of O2 is depleted. JF - Enzyme and Microbial Technology AU - Kenealy, William R AU - Dietrich, Diane M AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology, Madison, WI 53726-2398, USA, bkenealy@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 490 EP - 498 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0141-0229, 0141-0229 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Author Keywords: Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - Fermentation KW - Wood KW - Ethanol KW - Oxalate KW - White-rot fungi KW - Phanerochaete chrysosporium KW - Genomes KW - Data processing KW - cellobiose KW - Mannose KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Glucose KW - Alcohol dehydrogenase KW - Enzymes KW - Cell culture KW - Acetic acid KW - Oxygen KW - Sucrose KW - Glycolysis KW - Oxalic acid KW - Nitrogen KW - Maltose KW - A 01390:Forestry KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20041319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Enzyme+and+Microbial+Technology&rft.atitle=Growth+and+fermentation+responses+of+Phanerochaete+chrysosporium+to+O2+limitation&rft.au=Kenealy%2C+William+R%3BDietrich%2C+Diane+M&rft.aulast=Kenealy&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=490&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Enzyme+and+Microbial+Technology&rft.issn=01410229&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enzmictec.2003.12.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Data processing; cellobiose; Fermentation; Nucleotide sequence; Mannose; Alcohol dehydrogenase; Glucose; Enzymes; Cell culture; Acetic acid; Oxygen; Sucrose; Glycolysis; Oxalic acid; Maltose; Ethanol; Nitrogen; Phanerochaete chrysosporium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.12.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Completed sequence of aflatoxin pathway gene cluster in Aspergillus parasiticus AN - 19783316; 7492174 AB - An 82-kb Aspergillus parasiticus genomic DNA region representing the completed sequence of the well-organized aflatoxin pathway gene cluster has been sequenced and annotated. In addition to the 19 reported and characterized aflatoxin pathway genes and the four sugar utilization genes in this cluster, we report here the identification of six newly identified genes which are putatively involved in aflatoxin formation. The function of these genes, the cluster organization and its significance in gene expression are discussed. JF - FEBS Letters AU - Yu, Jiujiang AU - Bhatnagar, Deepak AU - Cleveland, Thomas E AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, jiuyu@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 126 EP - 130 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 564 IS - 1-2 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Author Keywords: Gene cluster KW - Pathway evolution KW - Aflatoxin KW - Mycotoxin KW - Secondary metabolite KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Gene expression KW - Sugar KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Gene clusters KW - Aflatoxins KW - DNA KW - genomics KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - G 07780:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19783316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=Completed+sequence+of+aflatoxin+pathway+gene+cluster+in+Aspergillus+parasiticus&rft.au=Yu%2C+Jiujiang%3BBhatnagar%2C+Deepak%3BCleveland%2C+Thomas+E&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Jiujiang&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=564&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+Letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2804%2900327-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Sugar; Nucleotide sequence; Gene clusters; DNA; Aflatoxins; genomics; Aspergillus parasiticus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00327-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure Time of Oral Rabies Vaccine Baits Relative to Baiting Density and Raccoon Population Density AN - 19771522; 6119741 AB - Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) baiting programs for control of raccoon (Procyon lotor) rabies in the USA have been conducted or are in progress in eight states east of the Mississippi River. However, data specific to the relationship between raccoon population density and the minimum density of baits necessary to significantly elevate rabies immunity are few. We used the 22- km super(2) US National Aeronautics and Space Administration Plum Brook Station (PBS) in Erie County, Ohio, USA, to evaluate the period of exposure for placebo vaccine baits placed at a density of 75 baits/km super(2) relative to raccoon population density. Our objectives were to 1) estimate raccoon population density within the fragmented forest, old-field, and industrial landscape at PBS; and 2) quantify the time that placebo, Merial RABORAL V-RG super([reg.]) vaccine baits were available to raccoons. From August through November 2002 we surveyed raccoon use of PBS along 19.3 km of paved-road transects by using a forward-looking infrared camera mounted inside a vehicle. We used Distance 3.5 software to calculate a probability of detection function by which we estimated raccoon population density from transect data. Estimated population density on PBS decreased from August (33.4 raccoons/km super(2)) through November (13.6 raccoons/km super(2)), yielding a monthly mean of 24.5 raccoons/km super(2). We also quantified exposure time for ORV baits placed by hand on five 1-km super(2) grids on PBS from September through October. An average 82.7% (SD=4.6) of baits were removed within 1 wk of placement. Given raccoon population density, estimates of bait removal and sachet condition, and assuming 22.9% nontarget take, the baiting density of 75/ km super(2) yielded an average of 3.3 baits consumed per raccoon and the sachet perforated. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Blackwell, Bradley F AU - Seamans, Thomas W AU - White, Randolph J AU - Patton, Zachary J AU - Bush, Rachel M AU - Cepek, Jonathan D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, Ohio 44870, USA, bradley.f.blackwellaphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 222 EP - 229 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Bait density KW - forward-looking infrared camera KW - oral vaccination KW - population density KW - rabies KW - raccoon KW - Rivers KW - Data processing KW - Landscape KW - Population density KW - Hand KW - Forests KW - Immunity KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Vaccination KW - Prunus KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Rabies KW - Cameras KW - Procyon lotor KW - Vaccines KW - Baiting KW - V 22410:Animal Diseases KW - F 06905:Vaccines KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19771522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Exposure+Time+of+Oral+Rabies+Vaccine+Baits+Relative+to+Baiting+Density+and+Raccoon+Population+Density&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+Bradley+F%3BSeamans%2C+Thomas+W%3BWhite%2C+Randolph+J%3BPatton%2C+Zachary+J%3BBush%2C+Rachel+M%3BCepek%2C+Jonathan+D&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Data processing; Landscape; Population density; Forests; Hand; Immunity; Vaccination; Habitat fragmentation; Computer programs; software; Rabies; Cameras; Vaccines; Baiting; Procyon lotor; Prunus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival and Growth of Hyalella azteca Exposed to Three Mississippi Oxbow Lake Sediments AN - 19412343; 5982471 JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Moore, M T AU - Lizotte, R E AU - Cooper, C M AU - Smith, S AU - Knight, S S AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, Post Office Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, United States Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 777 EP - 783 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals, 175 Fifth Ave. New York NY 10010 USA, [mailto:orders@springer-ny.com] VL - 72 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - survival KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Crustaceans (Amphipod) KW - Survival KW - Pollution effects KW - Freshwater KW - Oxbow lakes KW - Oxbow Lakes KW - Toxicity tests KW - Growth KW - Lakes KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Growth rate KW - Sediment pollution KW - Sediments KW - Hyalella azteca KW - Amphipoda KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - USA, Mississippi KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19412343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Survival+and+Growth+of+Hyalella+azteca+Exposed+to+Three+Mississippi+Oxbow+Lake+Sediments&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+T%3BLizotte%2C+R+E%3BCooper%2C+C+M%3BSmith%2C+S%3BKnight%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=777&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00128-004-0312-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Sediment pollution; Pollution effects; Survival; Oxbow lakes; Toxicity tests; Lakes; Sediments; Growth; Water Pollution Effects; Sediment Contamination; Oxbow Lakes; Crustaceans (Amphipod); Hyalella azteca; Amphipoda; USA, Mississippi; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-004-0312-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Semiochemicals from Fungal Associates of Bark Beetles May Mediate Host Location Behavior of Parasitoids AN - 18055405; 6023283 AB - In laboratory olfactometer bioassays, females of two hymenopteran parasitoid species, Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Spathius pallidus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), were attracted to odors from bark or bolts of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., colonized by bluestain fungi (genus Ophiostoma) associated with the parasitoids' bark beetle hosts. Mock-inoculated bolts and bark were less attractive or unattractive in these bioassays. Bark infested with host larvae that lacked their fungal and other normal microbial associates was attractive to R. xylophagorum females, but was less so than bark infested with larvae possessing their normal complement of associated microbes. In contrast, in oviposition bioassays, R. xylophagorum females spent approximately equal time searching, made similar numbers of oviposition attempts, parasitized similar percentages of hosts, and laid similar numbers of eggs in bark fragments infested with either associate-free or associate-bearing host larvae. Furthermore, in field bioassays using bluestain-inoculated or mock-inoculated loblolly pine bolts as sources of attractants, the numbers of parasitoids attracted by the two treatments did not differ significantly and the two treatments were less attractive than bolts naturally infested with bark beetle larvae. Whereas our laboratory olfactometer data suggest that bark beetle fungal associates may enhance attraction of some parasitoids, our bioassays with associate-free hosts indicate that associate-produced are not required for short-range host location and parasitization. In addition, our field trials indicated that long-range attraction of parasitoids to the host-fungi-tree complex is not caused simply by an interaction between bluestain fungi and tree tissues. JF - Journal of Chemical Ecology AU - Sullivan, B T AU - Berisford, C W AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, Louisiana 71360, USA, briansullivan@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 703 EP - 717 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0098-0331, 0098-0331 KW - Pteromalid wasps KW - Braconid wasps KW - Loblolly pine KW - Chemoreception Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Braconidae KW - Semiochemicals KW - Microorganisms KW - Pinaceae KW - Pteromalidae KW - Ophiostoma KW - Spathius pallidus KW - Roptrocerus xylophagorum KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Pinus taeda KW - Olfactometers KW - Host location KW - Oviposition KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05201:Parasitism: entomophagous KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18051:Reproductive behavior KW - K 03092:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18055405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.atitle=Semiochemicals+from+Fungal+Associates+of+Bark+Beetles+May+Mediate+Host+Location+Behavior+of+Parasitoids&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+B+T%3BBerisford%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chemical+Ecology&rft.issn=00980331&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AJOEC.0000028426.37482.17 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Roptrocerus xylophagorum; Pteromalidae; Braconidae; Spathius pallidus; Pinus taeda; Pinaceae; Ophiostoma; Semiochemicals; Host-parasite interactions; Olfactometers; Microorganisms; Oviposition; Host location DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000028426.37482.17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feeding by Waterhyacinth Weevils (Neochetina spp.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Relation to Site, Plant Biomass, and Biochemical Factors AN - 18054592; 5923335 AB - Biological control of waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.] by waterhyacinth weevils [Neochetina bruchi (Hustache)] and [Neochetina eichhorniae (Warner)] varies according to field environment, season, and plant stress levels. Plants at four field sites were sampled to determine if leaf scarring caused by adult weevil feeding was associated with plant biomass, biochemical and population measures, and insect densities. Leaf scar densities were consistently higher on plants from two sites at which root and dead plant part biomass were high. Scarring was correlated to root and dead biomass across all sites. Scarring was not associated with weevil densities summed across all life stages or larval gallery density. Soluble protein contents were lower in plants from the two sites with high scarring than at two other sites in Spring 2002, and scarring was negatively correlated to protein content across all sites. Protein was usually highest in immature furled leaves. Activities of soluble peroxidase enzymes were highest in old leaves. Scar densities were not associated with canopy height and shoot density. At one site, high scar densities occurred on plants with small leaf areas, which were likely growing slowly under the influence of multiple abiotic and biotic stress factors. Mechanical and natural plant removal and regrowth may have facilitated plant compensation for weevil feeding at the other site with high scarring. Temporally and spatially dynamic physical and biochemical plant traits and growth environments could limit biological control of waterhyacinth. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Moran, P J Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 346 EP - 355 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Snout beetles KW - Water hyacinth KW - Weevils KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding KW - Q1 01485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18054592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Feeding+by+Waterhyacinth+Weevils+%28Neochetina+spp.%29+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+in+Relation+to+Site%2C+Plant+Biomass%2C+and+Biochemical+Factors&rft.au=Moran%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=346&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%29033%280346%3AFBWWNS%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=346 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033(0346:FBWWNS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boll Weevil (Anthonomus Grandis Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Dispersal in the Southern United States: Evidence from Mitochondrial DNA Variation AN - 18047922; 5923348 AB - An understanding of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) dispersal behavior is essential to characterizing and responding to the threat of migration into eradication zones. Genetic variation in boll weevil mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was sampled and analyzed to make inferences on the magnitude and geographic pattern of genetic differentiation among weevil populations from 20 locations across eight U.S. states and northeast Mexico. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) analysis was conducted on a 12.4-kb amplicon of mtDNA from each of 419 individuals. A total of 28 distinct mtDNA haplotypes, 17 of which were unique to single locations, were identified from restriction reactions of 10 informative endonucleases. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity was generally greater in southern than northern populations and was greater in the east than the west among northern populations. Genetic differentiation between eastern and western populations was pronounced, and phylogenetic analyses revealed two major clades corresponding to these regions. These results are consistent with historical boll weevil range expansion into the southeastern United States from Mexico and a secondary colonization of the High Plains. Evidence suggests that gene flow is limited between eastern and western populations but is relatively high among populations within the eastern region. In addition, estimates of gene flow indicate that migration between locations separated by <300 km is frequent. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Kim, K S AU - Sappington, T W AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, tsapping@iastate.edu Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 457 EP - 470 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - boll weevil KW - Weevils KW - Entomology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Eradication KW - Genetic diversity KW - Haplotypes KW - Gene flow KW - Biogeography KW - Recolonization KW - USA KW - Mexico KW - Curculionidae KW - Anthonomus grandis KW - Dispersal KW - G 07270:Ecological genetics KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - G 07366:Insects/arachnids KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18047922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Boll+Weevil+%28Anthonomus+Grandis+Boheman%29+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+Dispersal+in+the+Southern+United+States%3A+Evidence+from+Mitochondrial+DNA+Variation&rft.au=Kim%2C+K+S%3BSappington%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%29033%280457%3ABWAGBC%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=457 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthonomus grandis; Curculionidae; USA; Mexico; Genetic diversity; Dispersal; Biogeography; Haplotypes; Gene flow; Eradication; Recolonization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033(0457:BWAGBC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multilocus Sequence Typing of Listeria monocytogenes by Use of Hypervariable Genes Reveals Clonal and Recombination Histories of Three Lineages AN - 18032567; 5869156 AB - In an attempt to develop a method to discriminate among isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, the sequences of all of the annotated genes from the fully sequenced strain L. monocytogenes EGD-e (serotype 1/2a) were compared by BLASTn to a file of the unfinished genomic sequence of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 (serotype 4b). Approximately 7% of the matching genes demonstrated 90% or lower identity between the two strains, and the lowest observed identity was 80%. Nine genes (hisJ, cbiE, truB, ribC, comEA, purM, aroE, hisC, and addB) in the 80 to 90% identity group and two genes (gyrB and rnhB) with approximately 97% identity were selected for multilocus sequence analysis in two sets of L. monocytogenes isolates (a 15-strain diversity set and a set of 19 isolates from a single food-processing plant). Based on concatenated sequences, a total of 33 allotypes were differentiated among the 34 isolates tested. Population genetics analyses revealed three lineages of L. monocytogenes that differed in their history of apparent recombination. Lineage I appeared to be completely clonal, whereas representatives of the other lineages demonstrated evidence of horizontal gene transfer and recombination. Although most of the gene sequences for lineage II strains were distinct from those of lineage I, a few strains with the majority of genes characteristic of lineage II had some that were characteristic of lineage I. Genes from lineage III organisms were mostly similar to lineage I genes, with instances of genes appearing to be mosaics with lineage II genes. Even though lineage I and lineage II generally demonstrated very distinct sequences, the sequences for the 11 selected genes demonstrated little discriminatory power within each lineage. In the L. monocytogenes isolate set obtained from one food-processing plant, lineage I and lineage II were found to be almost equally prevalent. While it appears that different lineages of L. monocytogenes can share habitats, they appear to differ in their histories of horizontal gene transfer. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Meinersmann, R J AU - Phillips, R W AU - Wiedmann, M AU - Berrang, ME AD - Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604 Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 2193 EP - 2203 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 70 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - horizontal gene transfer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Recombination KW - Population genetics KW - Serotypes KW - Mosaics KW - Allotypes KW - Habitat KW - multilocus sequence typing KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18032567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multilocus+Sequence+Typing+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+by+Use+of+Hypervariable+Genes+Reveals+Clonal+and+Recombination+Histories+of+Three+Lineages&rft.au=Meinersmann%2C+R+J%3BPhillips%2C+R+W%3BWiedmann%2C+M%3BBerrang%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Meinersmann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.70.4.2193-2203.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Population genetics; Recombination; Serotypes; Mosaics; Allotypes; Habitat; multilocus sequence typing; Listeria monocytogenes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.4.2193-2203.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of pearl farming in India AN - 18032545; 5962450 AB - India is well known for the production of beautiful natural pearls. India has a wealth of pearl producing oysters. The main ones among these are the Akoya oyster Pinctada fucata distributed from the famous Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay, and Gulf of Kutch (mistakenly identified and wrongly reported by many even now as Pinctada radiata) and the Black lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Pearl culture in India was first conducted on an experimental scale in the early 1970s by the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) at its Tuticorin research center on the south eastern Coast of India. The institute had initiated experimental pearl production in 1972 and the first Indian cultured pearl produced the following year. Hatchery technology was developed by CMFRI for P. fucata and P. margaritifera in the early (1982) and late eighties (1987) respectively. With the technology, being standardized after repeated experimentation, sea farming of pearl oysters, cultured pearl production, hatchery production, etc was taken by private entrepreneurs and coastal community groups on both coasts of India pearl farming. This paper, in addition to giving an overview of evolution of the Indian marine pearl farming, also discusses the recent innovations like onshore pearl culture. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Nair, M R AU - Appukuttan, K K AU - Velayudhan, T S AD - USDA Land Grant, Cooperative Research and Extension, College of the Marshall Islands, PB-1258, Majuro, MH 96960, Republic of the Marshall Islands, manojnair999@yahoo.com Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 305 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - Akoya oyster KW - Black lip pearl oyster KW - Historical account KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine fisheries KW - Pinctada margaritifera KW - Coastal environments KW - India KW - ISW, India, Tamil Nadu, Tuticorin Dist., Tuticorin KW - Islands KW - Fisheries KW - Pinctada fucata KW - Experimental culture KW - India, Tamil Nadu, Tuticorin Dist. KW - Commercial species KW - Aquaculture techniques KW - Marine technology KW - Innovations KW - Oyster culture KW - Pearl culture KW - Pearls KW - Hatcheries KW - Aquaculture development KW - Oysters KW - Pearl oysters KW - Marine molluscs KW - Marine aquaculture KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08583:Shellfish culture KW - M3 1130:Water KW - O 5060:Aquaculture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18032545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+pearl+farming+in+India&rft.au=Nair%2C+M+R%3BAppukuttan%2C+K+K%3BVelayudhan%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Abstracts of Technical Papers Presented at the 96th Annual Meeting of the National Shell Fisheries Association, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hatcheries; Aquaculture development; Marine molluscs; Pearl oysters; Experimental culture; Marine aquaculture; Oyster culture; Commercial species; Pearl culture; Aquaculture techniques; Marine fisheries; Pearls; Islands; Coastal environments; Oysters; Fisheries; Innovations; Marine technology; Pinctada margaritifera; Pinctada fucata; ISW, India, Tamil Nadu, Tuticorin Dist., Tuticorin; India, Tamil Nadu, Tuticorin Dist.; India ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Freshwater molluscs of the western United States: Where are we today, and where are we going? AN - 18029592; 5962400 AB - The western states contain at least six endemic mussel species, and many endemic snail species. Records of western freshwater mollusks date from the mid 1800s, but there is a dearth of current information on the distribution and abundance of western fresh-water mollusks, in part because a comprehensive survey throughout their distributional ranges has not been done. There is also confusion regarding the taxonomic status of western species, and the exact number of valid species that occur in the region is not clear. Although several western states recognize that mollusk populations are declining, conservation and recovery efforts are hampered by the lack of basic information on western mollusk genetics, zoogeography, systematics, and host fish. In addition, the conservation status for most western mollusks is unknown. The objectives of our work were to produce a database of all western freshwater mollusk species and their historical distributions, produce a synonymy of western freshwater mollusks that includes all previously described western species, compile a georeferenced distributional database for all western mollusk mussels, and to conduct additional field surveys, host fish analyses, and genetic work. Data on historical occurrences, habitat, life history, and other information on western mollusks were entered into a relational database. Distributional data were georeferenced, and special attention was given to nomenclature issues in order to determine whether some of the previously described western species deserve species-level status. To date, approximately 1,000 records of unionid mussels and 1,400 records of freshwater gastropods have been compiled from over 180 publications and museum records. These data were augmented by current field studies conducted in five western states. We also conducted an intensive genetic survey of western mussel populations to describe patterns of phylogeny and gene flow. The results of our studies raise intriguing questions about taxonomy, reproduction, gene flow, and host fish requirements in western mollusk species. JF - Journal of Shellfish Research AU - Box, J B AU - Kershner, J AD - USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, 860 N 1200 E., Logan, UT 84321, USA, brimbox@comcast.net Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 282 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0730-8000, 0730-8000 KW - Gene flow KW - Mussels KW - Snails KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Phylogeny KW - Inland waters KW - Quantitative distribution KW - USA, West KW - Gastropoda KW - Unionidae KW - Data collections KW - Freshwater KW - Genetics KW - Animal morphology KW - Long-term records KW - Endemic species KW - Freshwater molluscs KW - Distribution records KW - Synonymy KW - Depleted stocks KW - Nature conservation KW - Taxonomy KW - Mollusca KW - Phylogenetics KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08261:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18029592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.atitle=Freshwater+molluscs+of+the+western+United+States%3A+Where+are+we+today%2C+and+where+are+we+going%3F&rft.au=Box%2C+J+B%3BKershner%2C+J&rft.aulast=Box&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Shellfish+Research&rft.issn=07308000&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Abstracts of Technical Papers Presented at the 96th Annual Meeting of the National Shell Fisheries Association, March 1-5, 2004, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phylogeny; Inland waters; Quantitative distribution; Data collections; Animal morphology; Genetics; Freshwater molluscs; Endemic species; Long-term records; Synonymy; Distribution records; Depleted stocks; Nature conservation; Taxonomy; Phylogenetics; Gastropoda; Unionidae; Mollusca; USA, West; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid-culture production of blastospores of the bioinsecticidal fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus using portable fermentation equipment AN - 18021228; 5967396 AB - The production of fungal spores using on-site, non-sterile, portable fermentation equipment is technically constrained. Very little information is available on the production requirements, such as medium concentration, inoculum stabilization, required fermentation times, and maintenance of axenic growth. In this study, we developed a two-part, liquid concentrate of the production medium that remains stable and soluble at room temperature. We also examined inoculum stability and showed that freeze- or air-dried blastospore preparations were stable for 7 days after rehydration when stored at 4 degree C. The use of a low-pH (pH 4), relatively rich complex medium provided a growth environment deleterious to bacterial growth yet conducive to rapid sporulation by Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. High concentrations of blastospores (7.9 x 10 super(8)/ml) of P. fumosoroseus were produced in a 40-h fermentation with very low levels of bacterial contamination when the fermentor was charged with a blastospore production medium with a starting pH of 4 and inoculated with blastospore concentrations greater than 1 x 10 super(6) spores/ml. These studies demonstrate that the use of disinfected, portable fermentation equipment has potential for on-site production of high concentrations of blastospores of the bioinsecticidal fungus P. fumosoroseus. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Jackson, MA AU - Payne, A R AU - Odelson, DA AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA, jacksoma@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 149 EP - 154 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fermentation KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - Insecticides KW - Spores KW - pH effects KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01015:Fermentation & related processes KW - A 01117:Fungi KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18021228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Liquid-culture+production+of+blastospores+of+the+bioinsecticidal+fungus+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+using+portable+fermentation+equipment&rft.au=Jackson%2C+MA%3BPayne%2C+A+R%3BOdelson%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10295-004-0127-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Spores; Fermentation; Insecticides; pH effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-004-0127-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of the basic reproduction ratio (R sub(0)) for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) in beef calves AN - 17991836; 5939993 AB - To understand the dynamics of transmission of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) in beef calves, serum samples were obtained from calves in a beef cow-calf herd approximately every 6 weeks from birth until weaning for three consecutive years. The presence of specific anti-O157 antibodies in these serum samples was detected using a blocking ELISA assay incorporating an anti-O157 monoclonal antibody. Using seroconversion data, the basic reproduction ratio (R sub(0)) was estimated for each of the three years as well as in aggregate using both deterministic and Martingale methods. R sub(0) for STEC O157 infection in range beef calves by deterministic methods varied from 2 times 9-5 times 6, with an average of 4 times 3 (95% CI 2 times 8-5 times 9). Martingale estimates of R sub(0) ranged from 3 times 5-7 times 4, or 5 times 3 (95% CI 3 times 9-6 times 6), for data from all three years. Given the above estimate of R sub(0), it is predicted that 65-86% of a herd of calves must be effectively vaccinated, or must be rendered non-susceptible through other means, to eliminate STEC O157 infection from a herd. JF - Epidemiology and Infection AU - Laegreid, W W AU - Keen, JE AD - U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, P.O. Box 166, State Spur 18D, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 291 EP - 295 VL - 132 IS - 2 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Escherichia coli KW - Reproduction KW - Shiga toxin KW - Disease transmission KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17991836?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+the+basic+reproduction+ratio+%28R+sub%280%29%29+for+Shiga+toxin-producing+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+%28STEC+O157%29+in+beef+calves&rft.au=Laegreid%2C+W+W%3BKeen%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Laegreid&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0950268803001705 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Reproduction; Disease transmission; Shiga toxin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268803001705 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Timing, Magnitude, Rates, and Putative Causes of Predator Movement Between Cotton and Grain Sorghum Fields AN - 17984137; 5923328 AB - Previous studies suggest grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, acts as an early-season predator source for nearby cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in areas where their growing seasons overlap. However, few data exist on predator movement in this system, and proposed causes of movement have not been tested. Field studies in 2001 and 2002 addressed both issues. Predator marking with rubidium was employed to measure predator movement between equal-sized areas of cotton and grain sorghum at three stages of grain sorghum phenology. Concurrent manipulative experiments in field cages tested for effects of phenology and aphid levels on movement by Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, a common predator in this system. Results from 2001 showed cotton gained 2.7 predators for every one lost to adjacent grain sorghum but that the collective movement of predators was similar among the three periods examined. The coccinellids H. convergens and Scymnus loweii Mulsant moved preferentially into cotton and seemed responsible for the overall pattern of predator movement between crops. For predators moving from grain sorghum into cotton, estimated rates of dispersal (15.8-19.9 m/d) were found to be similar among all taxa studied. Cage experiments suggested both crop phenology and abundance of aphid prey in cotton and grain sorghum cause predator movement, but only the effect of phenology was consistent between years. These results support the idea that grain sorghum is a source of predators during cotton's early growth stages and suggest that grain sorghum may continue to contribute to natural enemy populations during later stages of cotton growth. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Prasifka, J R AU - Heinz, K M AU - Sansone, C G AD - Current address: USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory c/o Insectary, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, kmheinz@neo.tamu.edu Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 282 EP - 290 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Insects KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Timing KW - Natural enemies KW - Predators KW - Crops KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - Agricultural land KW - Phenology KW - Movements KW - Dispersal KW - Insecta KW - D 04700:Management KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17984137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Timing%2C+Magnitude%2C+Rates%2C+and+Putative+Causes+of+Predator+Movement+Between+Cotton+and+Grain+Sorghum+Fields&rft.au=Prasifka%2C+J+R%3BHeinz%2C+K+M%3BSansone%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Prasifka&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%29033%280282%3ATMRAPC%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=282 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Insecta; Sorghum bicolor; Gossypium hirsutum; Predators; Natural enemies; Movements; Dispersal; Timing; Crops; Phenology; Agricultural land DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033(0282:TMRAPC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dispersal and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China AN - 17983467; 5923345 AB - We studied dispersal and spatiotemporal dynamics of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky, in Gansu Province of north central China. We used mass mark-recapture methods and observed that 98% of beetles were recaptured within 920 m from a release point, whereas the median dispersal rate for all recaptured adults was 30 m/d. Dispersal potential within the course of a season for males and gravid females was 2,394 and 2,644 m, respectively; however, more work is needed to evaluate the potential of long-distance dispersal events to initiate new colonies outside current U.S. quarantine boundary guidelines. We observed that tree size and number of existing emergence holes on a tree were significant positive predictors of new emergence holes, but we did not measure a significant effect of tree size, number of existing emergence holes, and number of new emergence holes on adult beetle abundance. Implications of these findings within the context of host quality are discussed, but more research is needed to identify key factors in the multiyear host colonization process. Peak population abundance of unmarked beetles (i.e., background populations) in both 1999 and 2000 occurred between 800 and 900 degree-days (base threshold = 10 degree C) from 1 January. Background populations exhibited local spatial autocorrelation during peak abundance, with ranges of spatial dependence of 229-543 m. The implications of this study are discussed in reference to the role that A. glabripennis population biology plays in the current eradication effort. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Smith, M T AU - Tobin, P C AU - Bancroft, J AU - Li, G AU - Gao, R AD - USDA-ARS Beneficial Insects Introduction Research, 501 South Chapel St., Newark, DE 19713-3814, mtsmith@udel.edu Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 435 EP - 442 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Long-horned beetles KW - Asian longhorned beetle KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Anoplophora glabripennis KW - Cerambycidae KW - Population dynamics KW - Phenology KW - Dispersal KW - China, People's Rep. KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17983467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Dispersal+and+Spatiotemporal+Dynamics+of+Asian+Longhorned+Beetle+%28Coleoptera%3A+Cerambycidae%29+in+China&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+T%3BTobin%2C+P+C%3BBancroft%2C+J%3BLi%2C+G%3BGao%2C+R&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%29033%280435%3ADASDOA%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=435 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cerambycidae; Anoplophora glabripennis; China, People's Rep.; Dispersal; Phenology; Population dynamics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033(0435:DASDOA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling Colonization of Overwintered Immigrant Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) AN - 17981790; 5923326 AB - Colonization of potato (Solanum tuberosum [L.]) fields by Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), has often been recognized as a process that initially results in an edge-biased spatial pattern. We modeled this spatial process by measuring distance of immigration for individual overwintered adults. Distance was measured to the nearest field edge or to the field edge along a radial vector from the field center. The frequency of beetles captured within 1-m distance intervals was modeled as an exponential decay function of distance from the edge for both measurement methods. Expression of the results as a cumulative frequency has management implications for spatial deployment of control measures against immigrating beetles and applicability for spatially explicit simulation of the within-field population dynamics of the beetle. Managers might use such models to estimate the proportion of immigrating adults that would be affected by border treatments of a plant systemic or transgenic insecticide as a function of the width of the treatment. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Blom, P E AU - Fleischer, S J AU - Harding, CL AD - Current address: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable and Forage Crop Research Unit, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350-9687, pblom@wsu.edu Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 267 EP - 274 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Coleoptera KW - Potato KW - Colorado Potato Beetle KW - Leaf beetles KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Overwintering KW - Immigrants KW - Models KW - Colonization KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Leptinotarsa decemlineata KW - Chrysomelidae KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17981790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Modeling+Colonization+of+Overwintered+Immigrant+Leptinotarsa+Decemlineata+%28Coleoptera%3A+Chrysomelidae%29&rft.au=Blom%2C+P+E%3BFleischer%2C+S+J%3BHarding%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Blom&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%29033%280267%3AMCOOIL%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=267 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Chrysomelidae; Colonization; Overwintering; Models; Immigrants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033(0267:MCOOIL)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migration Patterns and Environmental Effects on Stopover of Monarch Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) at Peninsula Point, Michigan AN - 17979017; 5923324 AB - Since 1996, the numbers of migrating monarch butterflies stopping over at Peninsula Point, Michigan, have been monitored by volunteers during the fall migration with standardized daily counts. In this study, we describe this project and examine: 1) general patterns of migration and stopover of monarchs at this site, and 2) how environmental conditions influence monarch stopover frequency. We tested for yearly, seasonal, and diurnal variation in monarch counts within each season. We further combined these data with basic weather information recorded at the time of each count to explore the effects of wind direction and speed, temperature, and cloud cover on monarch stopover abundance. A total of 22,539 monarchs was counted over 7 yr, with yearly totals ranging from 757 in 1998 to 6,638 in 1997. Over the 7-yr period, an average of 29 monarchs was recorded per count at Peninsula Point. Interestingly, in the migration season immediately following a major population decline at overwintering sites in Mexico, the total number of monarchs counted at Peninsula Point was not significantly different from long-term average counts. The timing of the peak of migration was not consistent from year to year, and there were few consistent temporal trends within seasons. More monarchs were counted with walking transects during the day than with a roost count in the early morning. Furthermore, more monarchs were counted earlier in the season than later. Of the environmental variables we examined, wind direction had a significant influence on the number of monarchs recorded on each count with higher counts during north winds. Cloud cover also influenced monarch counts, so that the number of monarchs observed increased with temperature and decreased with cloud cover. Based on the large numbers of monarchs that stop there each fall, we suggest that Peninsula Point represents an important monarch stopover site, and thus has the potential to increase our knowledge of monarch migration and stopover ecology greatly. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Meitner, C J AU - Brower, L P AU - Davis, A K AD - Monarch Butterfly Project, c/o United States Department of Agriculture /Forest Service, 8181 Highway 2, Rapid River, MI 49878, akdavis@emory.edu Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 249 EP - 256 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Lepidoptera KW - Brush-footed butterflies KW - Monarch butterfly KW - Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Migration KW - Phenology KW - Population levels KW - Wind KW - Temperature effects KW - Diurnal variations KW - Nymphalidae KW - USA, Michigan KW - Danaus plexippus KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17979017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Migration+Patterns+and+Environmental+Effects+on+Stopover+of+Monarch+Butterflies+%28Lepidoptera%2C+Nymphalidae%29+at+Peninsula+Point%2C+Michigan&rft.au=Meitner%2C+C+J%3BBrower%2C+L+P%3BDavis%2C+A+K&rft.aulast=Meitner&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%29033%280249%3AMPAEEO%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=249 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nymphalidae; Danaus plexippus; USA, Michigan; Migration; Phenology; Diurnal variations; Temperature effects; Wind; Population levels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033(0249:MPAEEO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of Different Cotton Fruit Sizes on Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Oviposition and Survival to Adulthood AN - 17978872; 5923346 AB - Understanding the critical host plant factors that determine oviposition behavior and survival of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., is important for developing successful pest management strategies. However, published information is both conflicting and limited regarding how different cotton fruit sizes affect boll weevil oviposition choices and subsequent larval survival to adulthood. Consequently, we used a standard based on fruit size diameter to evaluate boll weevil feeding and oviposition punctures, and survival to adulthood on 10 different cotton fruit sizes: squares of diameter 1.5-2.0 (pinhead), 3.0-3.5 (matchhead), 5-6, 7-8, or 9-10 mm; candle; and bolls of diameter 10-15, 15-20, 20-30, or >30 mm. Oviposition and feeding punctures were significantly affected by cotton fruit size. Females did not oviposit in pinhead squares. The fewest eggs were oviposited in boll sizes >30 mm. The highest number of eggs was recorded in square sizes of 5-6 and 7-8 mm. Boll weevil survival to adulthood was highest on square sizes of 7-8 or 9-10 mm (58.6-59.7%). No survival occurred in matchhead squares or bolls >30 mm. Duration of development was longest on boll sizes of 15-20 and 20-30 mm (18.2-18.8 d). The growth index (percentage immature survival divided by immature developmental time) of female boll weevils was 2.8-fold higher in 7-8- or 9-10-mm diameter squares than in 20-30-mm diameter bolls. This study will improve our capacity to develop methods to predict fruit losses and changes in boll weevil populations in the field, given a starting density of fruit suitable for oviposition, and a corresponding initial population density of weevils. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Greenberg, S M AU - Sappington, T W AU - Setamou, M AU - Coleman, R J Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 443 EP - 449 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - boll weevil KW - Coleoptera KW - Weevils KW - Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Anthonomus grandis grandis KW - Survival KW - Pest control KW - Host plants KW - Gossypium hirsutum KW - Curculionidae KW - Anthonomus grandis KW - Oviposition KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17978872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+Different+Cotton+Fruit+Sizes+on+Boll+Weevil+%28Coleoptera%3A+Curculionidae%29+Oviposition+and+Survival+to+Adulthood&rft.au=Greenberg%2C+S+M%3BSappington%2C+T+W%3BSetamou%2C+M%3BColeman%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%29033%280443%3AIODCFS%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=443 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthonomus grandis; Curculionidae; Anthonomus grandis grandis; Gossypium hirsutum; Oviposition; Survival; Host plants; Pest control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033(0443:IODCFS)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Powdery mildew on snowberry in Hungary caused by Erysiphe symphoricarpi (syn. Microsphaera symphoricarpi) AN - 17969807; 5919983 JF - Plant Pathology AU - Szentivanyi, O AU - Varga, K AU - Kiss, L AD - Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 102, H-1525 Budapest; and Central Laboratory, Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Service, PO Box 340, H-1519 Budapest, Hungary Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 243 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0032-0862, 0032-0862 KW - snowberry KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Hungary KW - Microsphaera symphoricarpi KW - Powdery mildew KW - A 01028:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17969807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Powdery+mildew+on+snowberry+in+Hungary+caused+by+Erysiphe+symphoricarpi+%28syn.+Microsphaera+symphoricarpi%29&rft.au=Szentivanyi%2C+O%3BVarga%2C+K%3BKiss%2C+L&rft.aulast=Szentivanyi&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=00320862&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.0032-0862.2004.00962.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microsphaera symphoricarpi; Hungary; Powdery mildew DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0032-0862.2004.00962.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nest Tree Use by the Endangered Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel in the Central Appalachian Mountains AN - 17967295; 5902423 AB - Little is known about nest tree use of the endangered Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus). Because nesting sites could be a limiting factor, it is important to understand the denning ecology to further manage and protect this subspecies. We compared characteristics of nest trees used by Virginia northern flying squirrels with randomly selected trees during summer and fall of 2000 and 2001. We tracked 13 Virginia northern flying squirrels to 59 nest trees. The squirrels used an average of 3.6 nest trees/month, switching trees frequently. Sixty-nine percent of the nests were in cavities and 31% were leaf nests. Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) and Fraser magnolia (Magnolia fraseri) were selected for nest trees more than expected based on availability. A large portion of nest trees were in larger and taller trees than trees in the surrounding area. There also was a significant number of trees located next to or near skidder and hiking trails. Although a large number of nest trees were similar across sites, there was variation in the characteristics of nest trees used, suggesting that Virginia northern flying squirrels may not be as specialized in nest tree selection as indicated by previous studies. JF - American Midland Naturalist AU - Menzel, J M AU - Ford, WM AU - Edwards, J W AU - Menzel, MA AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287, mford@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 355 EP - 368 PB - University of Notre Dame VL - 151 IS - 2 SN - 0003-0031, 0003-0031 KW - Virginia northern flying squirrel KW - Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Cavities KW - Wildlife management KW - USA KW - Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus KW - Denning behavior KW - Nest building KW - Endangered species KW - Y 25954:General KW - D 04672:Mammals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17967295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Nest+Tree+Use+by+the+Endangered+Virginia+Northern+Flying+Squirrel+in+the+Central+Appalachian+Mountains&rft.au=Menzel%2C+J+M%3BFord%2C+WM%3BEdwards%2C+J+W%3BMenzel%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Menzel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Midland+Naturalist&rft.issn=00030031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0003-0031%282004%29151%280355%3ANTUBTE%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-0031&volume=151&page=355 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus; USA; Denning behavior; Nest building; Wildlife management; Endangered species; Cavities DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0003-0031(2004)151(0355:NTUBTE)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and Detection of a Virus Associated with Strawberry Pallidosis Disease AN - 17959568; 5888205 AB - The etiology of pallidosis, a disease of strawberry identified more than 45 years ago, remains unknown. We report a putative agent of the disease, a virus belonging to the Crinivirus genus of the Closterovirideae family. A sensitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test has been developed. Polyclonal antibodies that can be used to detect the virus in petiole tissue blots were developed using a recombinant virus coat protein. The nucleotide sequences of regions of the viral genome that encode the heat shock protein 70 homolog and the major coat protein were obtained. Alignments of the major coat protein show that the virus isolated from strawberry plants positive for pallidosis is most closely related to Cucumber yellows virus (syn. Beet pseudo-yellows virus) and Cucurbit yellow stunt disorder virus, members of the Crinivirus genus. JF - Plant Disease AU - Tzanetakis, I E AU - Halgren, AB AU - Keller, KE AU - Hokanson, S C AU - Maas, J L AU - McCarthy, P L AU - Martin, R R AD - Horticulture Crops Research Lab, USDA-ARS, Corvallis 97330, USA, martinrr@science.oregonstate.edu Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 383 EP - 390 VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Strawberry KW - pallidosis KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Crinivirus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Coat protein KW - Fragaria ananassa KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17959568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Identification+and+Detection+of+a+Virus+Associated+with+Strawberry+Pallidosis+Disease&rft.au=Tzanetakis%2C+I+E%3BHalgren%2C+AB%3BKeller%2C+KE%3BHokanson%2C+S+C%3BMaas%2C+J+L%3BMcCarthy%2C+P+L%3BMartin%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Tzanetakis&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant diseases; Nucleotide sequence; Polymerase chain reaction; Coat protein; Crinivirus; Fragaria ananassa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and Characterization of a Novel Mannitol Dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus intermedius AN - 17951332; 5895129 AB - Mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyzes the pyridine nucleotide dependent reduction of fructose to mannitol. Lactobacillus intermedius (NRRL B-3693), a heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium (LAB), was found to be an excellent producer of mannitol. The MDH from this bacterium was purified from the cell extract to homogeneity by DEAE Bio-Gel column chromatography, gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-0.5m gel, octyl-Sepharose hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and Bio-Gel Hydroxyapatite HTP column chromatography. The purified enzyme (specific activity, 331 U/mg protein) was a heterotetrameric protein with a native molecular weight (MW) of about 170 000 and subunit MWs of 43 000 and 34 500. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was at pH 4.7. Both subunits had the same N-terminal amino acid sequence. The optimum temperature for the reductive action of the purified MDH was at 35 degree C with 44% activity at 50 degree C and only 15% activity at 60 degree C. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 5.5 with 50% activity at pH 6.5 and only 35% activity at pH 5.0 for reduction of fructose. The optimum pH for the oxidation of mannitol to fructose was 7.0. The purified enzyme was quite stable at pH 4.5-8.0 and temperature up to 35 degree C. The K sub(m) and V sub(max) values of the enzyme for the reduction of fructose to mannitol were 20 mM and 396 mu mol/min/mg protein, respectively. It did not have any reductive activity on glucose, xylose, and arabinose. The activity of the enzyme on fructose was 4.27 times greater with NADPH than NADH as cofactor. This is the first highly NADPH-dependent MDH (EC 1.1.1.138) from a LAB. Comparative properties of the enzyme with other microbial MDHs are presented. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Saha, B C AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA, sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 537 EP - 542 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - octyl-Sepharose KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Homogeneity KW - Hydrophobic chromatography KW - Isoelectric points KW - Xylose KW - NADPH KW - Amino acids KW - Chromatography KW - Fermentation KW - NADH KW - Glucose KW - Lactic acid bacteria KW - Lactobacillus intermedius KW - pyridines KW - Mannitol KW - Fructose KW - Oxidation KW - Arabinose KW - Purification KW - Mannitol 2-dehydrogenase KW - pH effects KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17951332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Purification+and+Characterization+of+a+Novel+Mannitol+Dehydrogenase+from+Lactobacillus+intermedius&rft.au=Saha%2C+B+C&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fbp034277p LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Homogeneity; Hydrophobic chromatography; Isoelectric points; Amino acids; NADPH; Xylose; Fermentation; Chromatography; NADH; Glucose; Lactic acid bacteria; pyridines; Mannitol; Oxidation; Fructose; Arabinose; Mannitol 2-dehydrogenase; Purification; pH effects; Lactobacillus intermedius DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp034277p ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of fertilization on sap flux and canopy conductance in a Eucalyptus saligna experimental forest AN - 17950180; 5905656 AB - Land devoted to plantation forestry (50 million ha) has been increasing worldwide and the genus Eucalyptus is a popular plantation species (14 million ha) for its rapid growth and ability to grow well on a wide range of sites. Fertilization is a common silvicultural tool to improve tree growth with potential effects on stand water use, but the relationship between wood growth and water use in response to fertilization remains poorly quantified. Our objectives in this study were to determine the extent, timing and longevity of fertilization effects on water use and wood growth in a non-water limited Eucalyptus saligna experimental forest near Hilo, HI. We evaluated the short- and long-term effects of fertilization on water use by measuring sap flux per unit sapwood area, canopy conductance, transpiration per unit leaf area and water-use efficiency in control and fertilized stands. Short-term effects were assessed by comparing sap flux before and after fertilizer application. Long-term effects were assessed by comparing control plots and plots that had received nutrient additions for 5 years. For the short-term response, total water use in fertilized plots increased from 265 to 487 mm yr super(-1) during the 5 months following fertilization. The increase was driven by an increase in stand leaf area accompanied by an increase in sap flux per unit sapwood area. Sap flux per unit leaf area and canopy conductance did not differ during the 5 months following fertilizer additions. For the last 2 months of our short-term measurements, fertilized trees used less water per unit carbon gain (361 compared with 751 kg H sub(2)O kg C super(-1) in control stands). Trees with 5 years of fertilization also used significantly more water than controls (401 vs. 302 mm yr super(-1)) because of greater leaf area in the fertilized stands. Sap flux per unit sapwood area, sap flux per unit leaf area, and canopy conductance did not differ between control and fertilized trees in the long-term plots. In contrast to the short-term response, the long-term response of water use per unit wood growth was not significant. Overall, fertilization of E. saligna at our site increased stand water use by increasing leaf area. Fertilized trees grew more wood and used more water, but fertilization did not change wood growth per unit water use. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Hubbard, R M AU - Ryan, M G AU - Giardina, C P AU - Barnard, H AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, rhubbard@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 427 EP - 436 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Fertilization KW - USA, Hawaii KW - Eucalyptus saligna KW - Forests KW - Canopies KW - Sap KW - Plantations KW - D 04126:Tropical forests UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17950180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+fertilization+on+sap+flux+and+canopy+conductance+in+a+Eucalyptus+saligna+experimental+forest&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+M%3BRyan%2C+M+G%3BGiardina%2C+C+P%3BBarnard%2C+H&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2003.00741.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilization; Forests; Canopies; Sap; Plantations; Eucalyptus saligna; USA, Hawaii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00741.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of Tilletia indica Teliospores in Different Soils AN - 17949556; 5888194 AB - To determine the potential for Tilletia indica, cause of Karnal bunt of wheat, to survive and become established in new areas, a teliospore longevity study was initiated in Kansas, Maryland, Georgia, and Arizona. Soil from each location was infested with T. indica teliospores and placed in polyester mesh bags. The bags were placed within soil from the same location within polyvinyl chloride pipes. Pipes were buried in the respective plots such that the bags were at 5-, 10-, and 25-cm depths. Each pipe was open at the ends to allow interaction with the outside environment, however fitted with screens preventing possibility of teliospore escape. In the Karnal bunt-quarantine area of Arizona, bags of infested soil also were placed outside the pipes. Teliospore-infested soil from each location was maintained dry in a laboratory. During the first 2 years, viability declined more rapidly in pipes than outside pipes, and more rapidly in fields in Kansas and Maryland than in Georgia or Arizona. After 2 years, viability declined nearly equally. In the laboratory over 3 years, viability decreased significantly more rapidly in dry soil from Kansas or Maryland than in dry soil from Georgia or Arizona, while pure teliospores remained unchanged. We hypothesized that soils, irrespective of weather, affect teliospore longevity. JF - Plant Disease AU - Bonde, M R AU - Berner, D K AU - Nester, SE AU - Peterson, G L AU - Olsen, M W AU - Cunfer, B M AU - Sim, T AD - USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5023, USA, mbonde@fdwsr.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 316 EP - 324 VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Pipes KW - polyvinyl chloride KW - USA, Arizona KW - Survival KW - USA, Georgia KW - USA, Kansas KW - Spores KW - USA, Maryland KW - Teliospores KW - Soil microorganisms KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17949556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Tilletia+indica+Teliospores+in+Different+Soils&rft.au=Bonde%2C+M+R%3BBerner%2C+D+K%3BNester%2C+SE%3BPeterson%2C+G+L%3BOlsen%2C+M+W%3BCunfer%2C+B+M%3BSim%2C+T&rft.aulast=Bonde&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pipes; polyvinyl chloride; Survival; Spores; Teliospores; Soil microorganisms; USA, Arizona; USA, Georgia; USA, Kansas; USA, Maryland ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Fungi and Fungal Pathogens Associated with Hypolixus haerens and Decayed and Cankered Stems of Amaranthus hybridus AN - 17941334; 5888196 AB - Discoloration, cankers, and decay in branches, stems, and root collars of Amaranthus hybridus were observed in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Examination of symptomatic stems revealed larval galleries of the pigweed weevil (Hypolixus haerens). The objectives of this study were to: identify the most common fungal species associated with this damage, determine if the adult pigweed weevil might be a vector for the fungi, and test if the associated fungi can cause the stem canker disease observed in the field. The most common fungal species isolated were Fusarium subglutinans from discolored tissues adjacent to insect galleries (42%), F. subglutinans from weevil larvae (29%), the Alternaria tenuissima group from adult weevils (31%), and the A. tenuissima group from cankered stems (40%). Three of the seven most common fungal species produced cankers following wounding and inoculation, with F. sambucinum and F. oxysporum being the most aggressive. Although fungal species compositions differed (P < 0.01) among the four tissue/insect stage combinations tested, all four had the same major fungal species, suggesting the pigweed weevil as a vector for the Fusarium pathogens. There is significant potential for yield loss affiliated with this insect-fungal association. The identification of this insect-fungal relationship and the pathogens involved in disease set the stage for further research on the etiology and disease management of this important insect-fungal relationship. JF - Plant Disease AU - Blodgett, J T AU - Swart, W J AU - Louw, SvdM AD - USDA-Forest Service, Forest Health Management, 1730 Samco Rd., Rapid City, SD 57702, USA, jblodgett@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 333 EP - 337 VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Hypolixus haerens KW - Fungi KW - Disease control KW - Larvae KW - Fusarium oxysporum KW - Fusarium subglutinans KW - Alternaria tenuissima KW - Stem canker KW - Amaranthus hybridus KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17941334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Fungi+and+Fungal+Pathogens+Associated+with+Hypolixus+haerens+and+Decayed+and+Cankered+Stems+of+Amaranthus+hybridus&rft.au=Blodgett%2C+J+T%3BSwart%2C+W+J%3BLouw%2C+SvdM&rft.aulast=Blodgett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amaranthus hybridus; Hypolixus haerens; Alternaria tenuissima; Fusarium subglutinans; Fusarium oxysporum; Stem canker; Larvae; Fungi; Disease control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicted ATP-binding cassette systems in the phytopathogenic mollicute Spiroplasma kunkelii AN - 17927928; 5886784 AB - Spiroplasma kunkelii is a cell wall-free, helical, and motile mycoplasma-like organism that causes corn stunt disease in maize. The bacterium has a compact genome with a gene set approaching the minimal complement necessary for cellular life and pathogenesis. A set of 21 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) domains was identified during the annotation of a draft S. kunkelii genome sequence. These 21 ABC domains are present in 18 predicted proteins, and are components of 16 functional systems, which account for 5% of the protein coding capacity of the S. kunkelii genome. Of the 16 systems, 11 are membrane-bound transporters, and two are cytosolic systems involved in DNA repair and the oxidative stress response; the genes for the remaining three hypothetical systems harbor nonsense and/or frameshift mutations, so their functional status is doubtful. Assembly of the 11 multicomponent transporters, and comparisons with other known systems permitted functional predictions for the S. kunkelii ABC transporter systems. These transporters convey a wide variety of substrates, and are critical for nutrient uptake, multidrug resistance, and perhaps virulence. Our findings provide a framework for functional characterization of the ABC systems in S. kunkelii. JF - Molecular Genetics and Genomics AU - Zhao, Y AU - Wang, H AU - Hammond, R W AU - Jomantiene, R AU - Liu, Q AU - Lin, S AU - Roe, BA AU - Davis, R E AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Room 118, Bldg. 004, MD 20705, Beltsville, USA Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 325 EP - 338 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 271 IS - 3 SN - 1617-4615, 1617-4615 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Stunt KW - Spiroplasma kunkelii KW - Oxidative stress KW - ABC transporter KW - DNA repair KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17927928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Genetics+and+Genomics&rft.atitle=Predicted+ATP-binding+cassette+systems+in+the+phytopathogenic+mollicute+Spiroplasma+kunkelii&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Y%3BWang%2C+H%3BHammond%2C+R+W%3BJomantiene%2C+R%3BLiu%2C+Q%3BLin%2C+S%3BRoe%2C+BA%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Genetics+and+Genomics&rft.issn=16174615&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00438-004-0983-y L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00438/bibs/4271003/42710325.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spiroplasma kunkelii; ABC transporter; Stunt; DNA repair; Oxidative stress DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-004-0983-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lactic acid production by Rhizopus oryzae transformants with modified lactate dehydrogenase activity AN - 17927096; 5886494 AB - Rhizopus oryzae is capable of producing high levels of lactic acid by the fermentation of glucose. Yields typically vary over 60-80%, with the remaining glucose diverted primarily into ethanol fermentation. The goal of this work was to increase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, so lactic acid fermentation could more effectively compete for available pyruvate. Three different constructs, pLdhA71X, pLdhA48XI, and pLdhA89VII, containing various lengths of the ldhA gene fragment, were transformed into R. oryzae. This fungus rarely integrates DNA used for transformation, but instead relies on extra-chromosomal replication in a high-copy number. Plasmid pLdhA48XI was linearized prior to transformation in order to facilitate integration into the pyrG gene used for selection. Isolates transformed with ldhA containing plasmid were compared with both the wild-type parent strain and the auxotrophic recipient strain containing vector only. All isolates transformed with pLdhA71X or pLdhA48XI had multiple copies of the ldhA gene that resulted in ldhA transcript accumulation, LDH specific activity, and lactic acid production higher than the controls. Integration of plasmid pLdhA48XI increased the stability of the strain, but did not seem to offer any benefit for increasing lactic acid production. Since lactic acid fermentation competes with ethanol and fumaric acid production, it was not unexpected that increased lactic acid production was always concomitant with decreased ethanol and fumaric acid. Plasmid pLdhA71X, containing a large ldhA fragment (6.1 kb), routinely yielded higher levels of lactic acid than the smaller region (3.3 kb) used to construct plasmid pLdhA48XI. The greatest levels of ldhA transcript and enzyme production occurred with isolates transformed with plasmid pLdhA89VII. However, these transformants always produced less lactic acid and higher amounts of ethanol, fumaric, and glycerol compared with the control. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Skory, C D AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, IL 61604, Peoria, USA, skorycd@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 237 EP - 242 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Yield KW - Rhizopus oryzae KW - Fumaric acid KW - Fermentation KW - Lactic acid KW - Glucose KW - LdhA gene KW - Plasmids KW - Ethanol KW - pyrG gene KW - L-Lactate dehydrogenase KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01002:Acids, amino acids, peptides & proteins KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17927096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Lactic+acid+production+by+Rhizopus+oryzae+transformants+with+modified+lactate+dehydrogenase+activity&rft.au=Skory%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Skory&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-003-1480-7 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00253/bibs/4064002/40640237.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yield; Fumaric acid; Fermentation; LdhA gene; Glucose; Lactic acid; Plasmids; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; pyrG gene; Ethanol; Rhizopus oryzae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1480-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Drinking-Water Administration of Experimental Chlorate Ion Preparations on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Colonization in Weaned and Finished Pigs AN - 17899683; 5861203 AB - Foodborne disease caused by Salmonella is of public health and economic significance. In order to assess the practical effectiveness of a new intervention strategy, experimental chlorate preparations (ECP) were administered via the drinking water to weaned and finished pigs that had been orally challenged the previous day with 10 super(9)-10 super(10) colony-forming units of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium. After 24 or 36 h ad libitum access to 0X, 1X or 2X ECP treatment (where X is the concentration estimated to deliver a minimal daily effective dose), the pigs were euthanized and gut contents and lymph tissue collected at necropsy were cultured for the challenge Salmonella. Drinking water administration of ECP effectively reduced (p<0.05) caecal Salmonella concentrations and, with the weaned pigs, tended (p� 0.10) to reduce rectal Salmonella concentrations. No negative effects of ECP treatment on water intake and animal wellbeing were observed and only marginal effects on gut fermentation characteristics occurred. The bactericidal effect of administering ECP in drinking water was relatively rapid, with reductions in caecal Salmonella concentrations occurring within 24 h. These results suggest that ECP administered to pigs just days before slaughter may reduce gut concentrations of Salmonella; however, the impacts of such reductions on slaughter hygiene have yet to be determined. JF - Veterinary Research Communications AU - Anderson, R AU - Hume, M AU - Genovese, K AU - Callaway, T AU - Jung, Y AU - Edrington, T AU - Poole, T AU - Harvey, R AU - Bischoff, K AU - Nisbet, D AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F & B Road, College Station, TX 77845 USA Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 179 EP - 189 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0165-7380, 0165-7380 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Prophylaxis KW - Chlorate KW - Drinking water KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17899683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Drinking-Water+Administration+of+Experimental+Chlorate+Ion+Preparations+on+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+Typhimurium+Colonization+in+Weaned+and+Finished+Pigs&rft.au=Anderson%2C+R%3BHume%2C+M%3BGenovese%2C+K%3BCallaway%2C+T%3BJung%2C+Y%3BEdrington%2C+T%3BPoole%2C+T%3BHarvey%2C+R%3BBischoff%2C+K%3BNisbet%2C+D&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Research+Communications&rft.issn=01657380&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AVERC.0000017369.04003.2b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Chlorate; Drinking water; Colonization; Prophylaxis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:VERC.0000017369.04003.2b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages Stimulated with Coccidia Sporozoites, Lipopolysaccharide, or Interferon- gamma , and Its Dynamic Changes in SC and TK Strains of Chickens Infected with Eimeria Tenella AN - 17864269; 6051398 AB - Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of innate and acquired immunities. In the studies reported here, we quantified NO produced in vitro by chicken leukocytes and macrophages and in vivo during the course of experimental infection with Eimeria, the causative agent of avian coccidiosis, and identified macrophages as the primary source of inducible NO. Eimeria tenella-infected chickens produced higher levels of NO compared with noninfected controls. In Eimeria-infected animals, SC chickens produced greater amounts of NO compared with infected TK chickens, particularly in the intestinal cecum, the region of the intestine infected by E. tenella. Macrophages that were isolated from normal spleen were a major source of NO induced by interferon (IFN)- gamma , lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and E. tenella sporozoites. Macrophage cell line MQ-NCSU produced high levels of NO in response to Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhi LPS, whereas the HD-11 macrophage cell line was more responsive to IFN- gamma . These findings are discussed in the context of the genetic differences in SC and TK chickens that may contribute to their divergent disease phenotypes. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Lillehoj, H S AU - Li, G AD - Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, United States Department of Agriculture-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 244 EP - 253 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Macrophages KW - gamma -Interferon KW - Experimental infection KW - Salmonella typhi KW - Coccidiosis KW - Leukocytes KW - Spleen KW - Sporozoites KW - Immunity KW - Protein-tyrosine kinase KW - Escherichia coli KW - Intestine KW - Cecum KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Nitric oxide KW - Eimeria tenella KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17864269?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Nitric+Oxide+Production+by+Macrophages+Stimulated+with+Coccidia+Sporozoites%2C+Lipopolysaccharide%2C+or+Interferon-+gamma+%2C+and+Its+Dynamic+Changes+in+SC+and+TK+Strains+of+Chickens+Infected+with+Eimeria+Tenella&rft.au=Lillehoj%2C+H+S%3BLi%2C+G&rft.aulast=Lillehoj&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282004%290482.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=48&page=244 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; gamma -Interferon; Experimental infection; Coccidiosis; Leukocytes; Sporozoites; Spleen; Immunity; Protein-tyrosine kinase; Intestine; Lipopolysaccharides; Cecum; Nitric oxide; Salmonella typhi; Escherichia coli; Eimeria tenella DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2004)048<0244:NOPBMS>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effects of Water Supplementation with Vitamin E and Sodium Salicylate (Uni-Sol registered ) on the Resistance of Turkeys to Escherichia Coli Respiratory Infection AN - 17863466; 6051406 AB - The objective of this study was to determine the prophylactic efficacy of two commercial products, soluble vitamin E and soluble sodium salicylate (Uni-Sol registered ), in an Escherichia coli respiratory challenge. The drinking water of male turkey poults was non-supplemented or supplemented with either vitamin E or Uni-Sol or a combination of both at dosages recommended by the manufacturer. There were 110 birds in each of the four treatments, housed in four floor pens per treatment. At 5 wk of age, birds in half of the pens were challenged with an air sac inoculation of approximately 50 colony-forming units of E. coli. Water treatment commenced 5 days before challenge and continued for 2 wk after challenge, when birds were necropsied. All water treatments prevented the decrease in body weight due to E. coli challenge; however, either vitamin E or Uni-Sol alone, but not the combination of the two, decreased body weight in nonchallenged controls. Either vitamin E or Uni-Sol treatment alone, but not the combination of the two, significantly decreased mortality and air sacculitis scores of challenged birds, and all treatments decreased the isolation rates of E. coli from the liver. All treatments protected liver, spleen, and bursa weights (relative to body weight) from the effects of E. coli challenge, and Uni-Sol alone or vitamin E with Uni-Sol protected relative heart weights from the effect of challenge. Uni-Sol treatment alone increased the main effect mean total leukocyte counts and the number and percent of lymphocytes. Uni-Sol in combination with vitamin E increased the number of lymphocytes of challenged birds. Uni-Sol alone decreased the main effect mean heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L) ratio, whereas vitamin E alone increased the H/L ratio of challenged birds. These results indicate that treatment of turkey poults with vitamin E or Uni-Sol prior to and during the stressful events that can lead to colisepticema may decrease disease incidence and mortality. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Huff, G R AU - Huff, W E AU - Balog, J M AU - Rath, N C AU - Izard, R S AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 324 EP - 331 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Turkey KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bursa of Fabricius KW - Heart KW - Mortality KW - heterophils KW - Spleen KW - Lymphocytes KW - Infection KW - Supplementation KW - sodium salicylate KW - Vitamin E KW - Water treatment KW - Body weight KW - Escherichia coli KW - Inoculation KW - Liver KW - Drinking water KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17863466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=The+Effects+of+Water+Supplementation+with+Vitamin+E+and+Sodium+Salicylate+%28Uni-Sol+registered+%29+on+the+Resistance+of+Turkeys+to+Escherichia+Coli+Respiratory+Infection&rft.au=Huff%2C+G+R%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BBalog%2C+J+M%3BRath%2C+N+C%3BIzard%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282004%290482.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=48&page=324 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; Bursa of Fabricius; Mortality; heterophils; Spleen; Lymphocytes; Infection; Supplementation; sodium salicylate; Vitamin E; Body weight; Water treatment; Liver; Inoculation; Drinking water; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2004)048<0324:TEOWSW>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clover Proliferation Group (16SrVI) Subgroup A (16SrVI-A) Phytoplasma is a Probable Causal Agent of Dry Bean Phyllody Disease in Washington AN - 17754527; 5888227 AB - During 2003, a new disease, dry bean phyllody (DBPh), was observed in the Columbia Basin of Washington in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars of Andean origin grown in Mattawa and Paterson, WA that caused great reduction in dry bean production. Symptoms of DBPh became apparent during mid-to-late pod development and were characterized by leafy petals (phyllody) and aborted seed pods resembling thin, twisted, and corrugated leaf-like structures. Deformed sterile pods that were small, sickle-shaped, upright, and leathery were also observed. The infected plants generally exhibited chlorosis, stunting, or bud proliferation from leaf axils. Symptoms of DBPh were indicative of possible infection by phytoplasmas. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and phylogenetic analyses of amplified 16S rDNA sequences were used for phytoplasma identification. Four symptomatic bean plants were analyzed and tested positive for phytoplasma infection on the basis of results of initial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent nested-PCR amplifications. RFLP analyses of 16S rDNA sequences with restriction enzymes, MseI, AluI, HhaI, RsaI, and HpaII indicated that the phytoplasma strains associated with DBPh belonged to the clover proliferation group (16SrVI) subgroup A (16SrVI-A). This subgroup currently consists of three members, clover proliferation (CP; GenBank Accession No. AY500130), potato witches'-broom (PWB; GenBank Accession No. AY500818), and vinca virescence (VR; GenBank Accession No. AY500817), a strain of beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent (BLTVA) phytoplasmas. The taxonomic affiliations of the DBPh phytoplasma strains were confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of cloned 16S rRNA gene sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. DBPh2, AY496002; DBPh3, AY496003). Among the existing members of subgroup 16SrVI-A, the four DBPh strains were closely related to the VR strain with 99.7% 16S rDNA sequence homology and to the CP strain with 99.2% sequence homology. To gain further evidence on the role of 16SrVI-A phytoplasma strains in DBPh disease, a modified test of Koch's postulates was conducted. Infected tissue from one phytoplasma-positive dry bean sample was grafted onto three Pinto UI-114 bean seedlings in the greenhouse. Within 60 days, the bean seedlings exhibited corrugated leaf-like structures from aborted seedpods, a lack of flower formation, general chlorosis, and stunting similar to the original diseased plants. The lower leaves of the inoculated bean plants because epinastic and leathery. The transmitted phytoplasma was detected in each of the grafted symptomatic seedlings, and the RFLP patterns of its 16S rRNA gene sequences were identical to those of the phytoplasmas in the scions. A high correlation between the presence of disease symptoms and the presence of subgroup 16SrVI-A phytoplasmas in the bean plants suggests that these phytoplasmas play an etiological role in DBPh disease. To our knowledge, these findings provide the first confirmed case of phytoplasma-associated DBPh in the United States. JF - Plant Disease AU - Lee, I-M AU - Bottner, K D AU - Miklas, P N AU - Pastor-Corrales, MA AD - Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 429 VL - 88 IS - 4 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Potato KW - green bean KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Seeds KW - Flowers KW - Chlorosis KW - Plant diseases KW - petals KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Leaves KW - Basins KW - Phytoplasma KW - Greenhouses KW - USA, Washington KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Seedlings KW - Phaseolus vulgaris KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17754527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Clover+Proliferation+Group+%2816SrVI%29+Subgroup+A+%2816SrVI-A%29+Phytoplasma+is+a+Probable+Causal+Agent+of+Dry+Bean+Phyllody+Disease+in+Washington&rft.au=Lee%2C+I-M%3BBottner%2C+K+D%3BMiklas%2C+P+N%3BPastor-Corrales%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=I-M&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Phaseolus vulgaris; USA, Washington; Phytoplasma; rRNA 16S; Plant diseases; Seedlings; Leaves; Polymerase chain reaction; Chlorosis; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; petals; Basins; Flowers; Greenhouses; Seeds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Numerical analysis of the growth of Clostridium perfringens in cooked beef under isothermal and dynamic conditions AN - 17696278; 6112368 AB - The main objective of this study was to develop a numerical technique to solve a set of biologically-based differential equations used to describe the growth behaviors of bacteria under isothermal conditions in food systems. A 4th-order Runge-Kutta method was incorporated to a computer program to solve these equations covering the entire range of bacterial growth, including lag, exponential, and stationary phases. The differential growth models were tested using the spores of Clostridium perfringens inoculated to ground beef and incubated under various isothermal conditions between 17-50C. Results of numerical analysis showed that the differential equations could accurately describe the growth of C. perfringens in cooked ground beef under isothermal conditions. The differential equations were also used to estimate the growth of C. perfringens in cooked ground beef under four different dynamic temperature profiles: 2-square waves, exponential and linear cooling. In combination with a secondary kinetic model, the growth of C. perfringens in cooked ground beef under dynamic conditions was accurately estimated. Results showed the differences between the estimated and experimentally observed growth curves under dynamic conditions were generally less than 0.5 log (CFU/g). The methodology developed in this study can be a new approach for the food industry, food retailers and consumers, and regulatory agencies to predict and estimate the bacterial growth in cooked meat products under dynamic temperature abuse and deviation conditions. JF - Journal of Food Safety AU - Huang, L AD - Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0149-6085, 0149-6085 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Growth KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Temperature KW - Food contamination KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17696278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.atitle=Numerical+analysis+of+the+growth+of+Clostridium+perfringens+in+cooked+beef+under+isothermal+and+dynamic+conditions&rft.au=Huang%2C+L&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Safety&rft.issn=01496085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; Growth; Temperature; Food contamination; Bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Development for the beta -Adrenergic Agonist Zilpaterol AN - 17603345; 6384733 AB - Zilpaterol is an beta -adrenergic agonist approved for use in cattle in South Africa and Mexico as a growth promoter. It is not currently approved for use in the EU, USA, or Asia. Here, we report the development of an ELISA for zilpaterol. Zilpaterol was reacted with ethyl 4-bromobutyrate followed by refluxing in 0.1 M potassium hydroxide. The resulting hapten was reacted with two carrier proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) as an activating agent. Immunization of goats with the zilpaterol-butyrate-KLH resulted in an antibody useful for an ELISA. We utilized zilpaterol-butyrate-BSA as a coating antigen for ELISA development. The average IC sub(50) derived from the developed zilpaterol immunoassay was 3.94 plus or minus 0.48 ng/mL (n = 25). The antibody did not cross react with N-alkyl [bamethane, clenbuterol, (-)-isoproterenol, (+)-isoproterenol, metaproterenol, or salbutamol] or N-arylalkyl (dobutamine, fenoterol, isoxsuprine, ractopamine, or salmeterol) beta -agonists. The assay was tolerant of up to 10% (v/v) of acetone, ethanol, or methanol, and 15% (v/v) of acetonitrile or DMSO. Salt concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 M minimally affected B sub(0) or IC sub(50) values. When buffer pH was 8.8, the IC sub(50) values increased in comparison to those measured at pH 7.4. In conclusion, a sensitive, specific zilpaterol ELISA has been developed that can serve as a rapid screening assay. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Shelver, W L AU - Smith, D J AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 2159 EP - 2166 VL - 52 IS - 8 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Hemocyanins KW - Haptens KW - Salts KW - Promoters KW - Antibodies KW - Bovine serum albumin KW - Metaproterenol KW - Immunoassays KW - pH effects KW - Coatings KW - Ethanol KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17603345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Enzyme-Linked+Immunosorbent+Assay+Development+for+the+beta+-Adrenergic+Agonist+Zilpaterol&rft.au=Shelver%2C+W+L%3BSmith%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Shelver&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf049919i LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Antibodies; pH effects; Immunoassays; Promoters; Hemocyanins; Ethanol; Coatings; Metaproterenol; Haptens; Salts; Bovine serum albumin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf049919i ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxoplasmosis in an Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris) AN - 17593831; 5923040 AB - Toxoplasma gondii infections in fish-eating marine mammals is intriguing and indicative of contamination of the sea environment with oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was identified in an elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) that had encephalitis. Tissue cysts were found in sections of cerebrum, and the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with T. gondii-specific polyclonal rabbit serum. This is the first report of T. gondii infection in an elephant seal. JF - Journal of Parasitology AU - Dubey, J P AU - Lipscomb, T P AU - Mense, M AD - Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 410 EP - 411 PB - American Society of Parasitologists VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Elephant seals KW - Northern elephant seal KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Marine KW - K 03091:Protozoa: animal KW - O 1050:Vertebrates, Urochordates and Cephalochordates KW - Q5 01504:Effects on organisms KW - Q1 01484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17593831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Toxoplasmosis+in+an+Elephant+Seal+%28Mirounga+angustirostris%29&rft.au=Dubey%2C+J+P%3BLipscomb%2C+T+P%3BMense%2C+M&rft.aulast=Dubey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=410&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-3395%282004%29090%280410%3ATIAESM%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-3395&volume=90&page=410 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-3395(2004)090(0410:TIAESM)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phytochemical Inhibition of Aflatoxigenicity in Aspergillus flavus by Constituents of Walnut (Juglans regia) AN - 17504630; 6384779 AB - Tulare walnut, a cultivar highly resistant to aflatoxin formation, was investigated for endogenous phytochemical constituents capable of inhibiting aflatoxigenesis in Aspergillus flavus. The activity, located entirely in the pellicle (seed coat), was extractable to various degrees with polar solvents, although some activity remained unextractable, indicating that the bioactivity resided in a complex of hydrolyzable tannins. These tannins can be hydrolyzed by a fungal tannase present in A. flavus, yielding gallic acid and ellagic acid, testing of which showed that only gallic acid had potent inhibitory activity toward aflatoxin biosynthesis. Comparison of the gallic and ellagic acid content in the pellicle of Tulare and Chico cultivars, over the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons, showed that the gallic acid content increased rapidly with maturation of the nut and was 1.5-2 times higher in Tulare than in Chico. Gallic acid content in the pellicle at maturity of a series of commercial English walnut cultivars, and two black walnut species, was determined as an indicator of potential for inhibition of aflatoxigenesis. Regulation of gallic acid levels in the hydrolyzable tannins of walnuts by conventional breeding or genetic manipulation has the potential to provide new cultivars with high resistance to aflatoxigenesis. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Mahoney, N AU - Molyneux, R J AD - Plant Mycotoxin Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 1882 EP - 1889 VL - 52 IS - 7 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Seeds KW - Aspergillus flavus KW - Aflatoxins KW - Solvents KW - Pellicle KW - Tannase KW - gallic acid KW - Breeding KW - Tannic acid KW - Maturity KW - Juglans regia KW - ellagic acid KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17504630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Phytochemical+Inhibition+of+Aflatoxigenicity+in+Aspergillus+flavus+by+Constituents+of+Walnut+%28Juglans+regia%29&rft.au=Mahoney%2C+N%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Mahoney&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1882&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf030812p LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seeds; Breeding; Solvents; Aflatoxins; Pellicle; Maturity; Tannic acid; Tannase; ellagic acid; gallic acid; Aspergillus flavus; Juglans regia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf030812p ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of Soil Water Content with a 50-MHz Soil Dielectric Sensor AN - 17297296; 6110558 AB - The Hydra Probe is a relatively inexpensive and widely used soil water content ( theta , m super(3) m super(-3)) sensor. It measures both the real ( epsilon sub(r)) and imaginary ( epsilon sub(i)) components of the complex soil dielectric constant at 50 MHz. Our objectives were to: (i) determine the accuracy and precision of Hydra Probe dielectric measurements, (ii) establish an electrical conductivity limit for Hydra Probe measurements, (iii) document effects of soil type and temperature, and (iv) relate these results to much more thoroughly studied relationships established for time domain reflectometry (TDR). We evaluated Hydra Probe epsilon sub(r) measurement precision and accuracy in air, ethanol, butanol, and water. Electrical conductivity effects were established in a series of aqueous KCl solutions. Effects of soil type on calibration were evaluated with four soils. Temperature sensitivity was tested in air, oven-dried, and nearly saturated soil. Each test was performed with three sensors. We found that, in fluids, the sensors were accurate ( epsilon sub(r) within 0.5), precise (coefficient of variation [CV] 0.142 S m super(-1) (0.01 M). There was a strong correlation between theta and epsilon sub(r) for all soils tested but the theta - epsilon sub(r) relationship varied with soil. Deviations of measured theta - epsilon sub(r) from the Topp equation increased in magnitude with epsilon sub(i), which may be the key to more general calibrations. Temperature effects on epsilon sub(r) were negligible in oven dry soils and different for each soil when nearly saturated. The largest temperature effect relative to 25 degree C was plus or minus 0.03 m super(3) m super(-3). In general, it appears that differences between Hydra Probe and TDR measurements are related to differences in soil dielectric properties at the measurement frequencies of the two instruments. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Seyfried AU - Murdock, MD AD - USDA-ARS, 800 Park Blvd., Plaza IV, Boise, ID 83712, USA, mseyfrie@nwrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 394 EP - 403 VL - 68 IS - 2 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17297296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+Soil+Water+Content+with+a+50-MHz+Soil+Dielectric+Sensor&rft.au=Seyfried%3BMurdock%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Seyfried&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climate Impacts on Nitrate Loss in Drainage Waters From a Southern Alluvial Soil AN - 17281228; 5955338 AB - Fertilizer nitrogen transported via agricultural drainage has caused eutrophication of nearby surface waters. In the Lower Mississippi River Valley region, periods of drought are occurring more frequently. The impacts of drought on nutrient loss from agricultural lands of this region have not been reported. Field studies were used to evaluate the impact of climate (rainfall) on nitrate loss from agricultural fields in both normal (1996) and drought (1999) periods at the Ben Hut Water Quality Site in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Four replicates of two treatments, surface drainage only (SUR) and surface drainage + deep controlled drainage (DCD), were initiated on 0.21 ha plots planted to corn (Zea mays L.). After each rainfall/runoff event, the volumes of runoff and subsurface drainage were analyzed for soluble nitrate concentration and loss. No significant drainage treatment impacts were found on runoff volume and nitrate loss in runoff. Nitrate loss in runoff was impacted by climate, with a four-fold decrease in nitrate loss during the drought, caused by decreased volume of runoff. Conversely, the mass of nitrate loss in leachate increased two-fold during the drought. Diverting subsurface drainage effluent (DCD) to surface receiving waters increased nitrate transport to these waters by 2.6 times in the normal climate, and over ten-fold during the drought, compared to SUR management. In either climate, but particularly during drought, subsurface drainage could potentially accelerate eutrophication of receiving waters of this region. When compared to DCD, these results suggest that SUR should be the water management practice in this region. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Grigg, B C AU - Southwick, L M AU - Fouss, J L AU - Kornecki, T S AD - USDA-ARS Soil and Water Research, 4115 Gourrier Ave., Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA, bgrigg@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 445 EP - 451 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - maize KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Water Pollution Sources KW - Eutrophication KW - Rainfall KW - Drought KW - Water quality KW - Fertilizers KW - Zea mays KW - USA, Louisiana KW - Receiving Waters KW - USA, Louisiana, Baton Rouge KW - Droughts KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Rivers KW - Nitrates KW - Drainage KW - Climates KW - Subsurface Drainage KW - Climate KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Effluents KW - USA, Mississippi R. Valley KW - Nitrate transport KW - Water management KW - Air-water interactions KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - M2 551.577:General Precipitation (551.577) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17281228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Climate+Impacts+on+Nitrate+Loss+in+Drainage+Waters+From+a+Southern+Alluvial+Soil&rft.au=Grigg%2C+B+C%3BSouthwick%2C+L+M%3BFouss%2C+J+L%3BKornecki%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Grigg&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fertilizers; Water management; Eutrophication; Climate; Effluents; Agricultural runoff; Droughts; Rivers; Nitrate transport; Drainage; Drought; Water quality; Nitrates; Rainfall; Air-water interactions; Agricultural Runoff; Water Pollution Sources; Subsurface Drainage; Climates; Receiving Waters; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Zea mays; USA, Mississippi R. Valley; USA, Louisiana; USA, Louisiana, Baton Rouge ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Importance of Seepage Zones in Predicting Soil Moisture Content and Surface Runoff Using GLEAMS and RZWQM AN - 1666298858; 5955336 AB - Seepage zones have been shown to be of critical importance in controlling contaminant export from agricultural catchments. To date, no multi-purpose agricultural water quality model has incorporated seepage zones into its process-level representations. We chose to test two commonly used models of agricultural water quality, Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems (GLEAMS) and the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM), by seeing how well each predicted surface runoff and soil moisture content in two agricultural fields: one with and one without seepage zones. Daily simulated surface runoff and soil moisture content from both calibrated and default (or non-calibrated) GLEAMS and RZWQM were compared with three years of measured surface runoff and soil moisture content in the two fields. The results of the study show that GLEAMS and RZWQM, using default model parameters, were not capable of predicting surface runoff and soil moisture content in either field. Site-calibrated GLEAMS and RZWQM performed well in simulating surface runoff trends from the field with and without seepage zones, but they predicted soil moisture content poorly. Several statistical tests were used that showed that although both site-calibrated GLEAMS and RZWQM performed well RZWQM performed better than GLEAMS and is better suited in assessing the effects of seepage zones on soil moisture content and surface runoff from agricultural fields. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Chinkuyu, A AU - Meixner, T AU - Gish, T AU - Daughtry, C AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Building 007, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, acinkuyuydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 427 EP - 438 VL - 47 IS - 2 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Path of pollutants KW - Moisture content KW - Test wells KW - Statistical analysis KW - Agricultural watersheds KW - Water quality models KW - Seepage KW - Water quality KW - Soil water KW - Aquifer testing KW - Pollutants KW - Surface runoff KW - Model studies KW - Soil moisture content KW - Groundwater KW - Root zone KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - M2 556.16:Runoff (556.16) KW - M2 556.14:Infiltration/Soil Moisture (556.14) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1666298858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=The+Importance+of+Seepage+Zones+in+Predicting+Soil+Moisture+Content+and+Surface+Runoff+Using+GLEAMS+and+RZWQM&rft.au=Chinkuyu%2C+A%3BMeixner%2C+T%3BGish%2C+T%3BDaughtry%2C+C&rft.aulast=Chinkuyu&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=427&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Statistical analysis; Surface runoff; Soil moisture content; Water quality models; Water quality; Path of pollutants; Moisture content; Test wells; Agricultural watersheds; Seepage; Soil water; Aquifer testing; Pollutants; Model studies; Groundwater; Root zone ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Distribution and movements of American White Pelicans in the southeastern United States: Preliminary insight AN - 39847925; 3835013 AU - King, T Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39847925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+movements+of+American+White+Pelicans+in+the+southeastern+United+States%3A+Preliminary+insight&rft.au=King%2C+T&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pacific Seabird Group, Mad River Biologists, 1497 Central Avenue, McKinleyville, CA 95519, USA; email: info@pacificseabirdgroup.org; URL: www.pacificseabirdgroup.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cross-linking of peanut allergens by polyphenol oxidase and its effect on peanut allergenicity AN - 39822557; 3838965 AU - Chung, S AU - Champagne, E T Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39822557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cross-linking+of+peanut+allergens+by+polyphenol+oxidase+and+its+effect+on+peanut+allergenicity&rft.au=Chung%2C+S%3BChampagne%2C+E+T&rft.aulast=Chung&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 611 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; phone: 414-272-6071; email: info@aaaai.org; URL: www.aaaai.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular mechanism of green tea catechin inhibition of VEGF-induced angiogenesis AN - 39818972; 3841846 AU - Meydani, M Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39818972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanism+of+green+tea+catechin+inhibition+of+VEGF-induced+angiogenesis&rft.au=Meydani%2C+M&rft.aulast=Meydani&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Oxygen Club of California, Univ. of Southern California, Dept. of Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90098-9192, USA; phone: 323-442-1418 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Be bear aware AN - 39816378; 3834445 AU - Tunberg, G Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39816378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Be+bear+aware&rft.au=Tunberg%2C+G&rft.aulast=Tunberg&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Dept. of Fish and Game, 1812 9th Street, Sacramento, CA 95814; phone: 916-445-3652; fax: 916-445-4048; email: DUpdike@dfg.ca.gov; URL: www.dfg.ca.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sanitation in bear country: Methods, protocols and equipment to minimize bear/human conflicts AN - 39808777; 3836929 AU - Claar, J J AU - Karsky, R AU - Barber, K AU - Hinschberger, M AU - Jonkel, J J Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39808777?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sanitation+in+bear+country%3A+Methods%2C+protocols+and+equipment+to+minimize+bear%2Fhuman+conflicts&rft.au=Claar%2C+J+J%3BKarsky%2C+R%3BBarber%2C+K%3BHinschberger%2C+M%3BJonkel%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Claar&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Dept. of Fish and Game, 1812 9th Street, Sacramento, CA 95814; phone: 916-445-3652; fax: 916-445-4048; email: DUpdike@dfg.ca.gov; URL: www.dfg.ca.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Principles for managing agricultural nitrogen AN - 39789180; 3842794 AU - Meisinger, J Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39789180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Principles+for+managing+agricultural+nitrogen&rft.au=Meisinger%2C+J&rft.aulast=Meisinger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Maritime Institute, 5700 Hammonds Ferry Rd., Linthicum Heithgts MD; URL: www.mitags.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparing the effects of boiling, frying and roasting on the allergenicity of peanuts AN - 39736262; 3838645 AU - Schmitt, DA AU - Maleki, S J Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39736262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparing+the+effects+of+boiling%2C+frying+and+roasting+on+the+allergenicity+of+peanuts&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+DA%3BMaleki%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 611 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; phone: 414-272-6071; email: info@aaaai.org; URL: www.aaaai.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Roasting may alter the IgE binding epitopes and sensitizing ability of peanut allergens AN - 39730883; 3843366 AU - Maleki, S J AU - Yamaki, K AU - Lewenson, C AU - Galeano, M AU - Champagne, E T AU - Shinohara, K Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39730883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Roasting+may+alter+the+IgE+binding+epitopes+and+sensitizing+ability+of+peanut+allergens&rft.au=Maleki%2C+S+J%3BYamaki%2C+K%3BLewenson%2C+C%3BGaleano%2C+M%3BChampagne%2C+E+T%3BShinohara%2C+K&rft.aulast=Maleki&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 611 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; phone: 414-272-6071; email: info@aaaai.org; URL: www.aaaai.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stand restoration burning in oak-pine forests in the southern Appalachians: effects on aboveground biomass and carbon and nitrogen cycling AN - 18036214; 5932318 AB - Understory prescribed burning is being suggested as a viable management tool for restoring degraded oak-pine forest communities in the southern Appalachians yet information is lacking on how this will affect ecosystem processes. Our objectives in this study were to evaluate the watershed scale effects of understory burning on total aboveground biomass, and the carbon and nitrogen pools in coarse woody debris (CWD), forest floor and soils. We also evaluated the effects of burning on three key biogeochemical fluxes; litterfall, soil CO2 flux and soil net nitrogen mineralization. We found burning significantly reduced understory biomass as well as the carbon and nitrogen pools in CWD, small wood and litter. There was no significant loss of carbon and nitrogen from the fermentation, humus and soil layer probably as the result of low fire intensity. Burning resulted in a total net loss of 55kgha super(-1) nitrogen from the wood and litter layers, which should be easily replaced by future atmospheric deposition. We found a small reduction in soil CO2 flux immediately following the burn but litterfall and net nitrogen mineralization were not significantly different from controls throughout the growing season following the burn. Overall, the effects of burning on the ecosystem processes we measured were small, suggesting that prescribed burning may be an effective management tool for restoring oak-pine ecosystems in the southern Appalachians. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Hubbard, R M AU - Vose, J M AU - Clinton, B D AU - Elliott, K J AU - Knoepp, J D AD - USDA Forest Service, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, 3160 Coweeta Lab Road, Otto, NC 28763, USA Y1 - 2004/03/22/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 22 SP - 311 EP - 321 VL - 190 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Oaks KW - Pines KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Ecosystems KW - Carbon cycle KW - Biomass KW - Pinus KW - Pine tree ecology KW - USA, Appalachian Mts. KW - Quercus KW - Environmental restoration KW - Nitrogen cycle KW - Burning KW - Forest fire effects KW - Understory KW - D 04700:Management KW - M2 551.586:Biometeorology and Bioclimatology (551.586) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18036214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Stand+restoration+burning+in+oak-pine+forests+in+the+southern+Appalachians%3A+effects+on+aboveground+biomass+and+carbon+and+nitrogen+cycling&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+M%3BVose%2C+J+M%3BClinton%2C+B+D%3BElliott%2C+K+J%3BKnoepp%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-03-22&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2003.10.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quercus; Pinus; USA, Appalachian Mts.; Burning; Nitrogen cycle; Environmental restoration; Carbon cycle; Biomass; Understory; Forest management; Forest fire effects; Ecosystems; Pine tree ecology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.10.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Swiss needle cast on Douglas-fir stem ethanol and monoterpene concentrations, oleoresin flow, and host selection by the Douglas-fir beetle AN - 18001866; 5932316 AB - Douglas-fir growing on the western slopes of the Oregon Coast Range are experiencing an unprecedented outbreak of Swiss needle cast (SNC) caused by the fungus Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii. SNC can produce substantial physiological stress in host trees by reducing needle gas exchange and enhancing premature needle abscission, resulting in slower growth. Based on the frequent link between stressed trees and insect activity, we explored the potential influence of SNC on Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, activity and some tree physiological parameters that may influence beetle attraction (i.e., constitutive ethanol and monoterpene contents of woody tissues) and host susceptibility (i.e., wound-induced resin flow). Woody tissue ethanol concentrations, wound-induced resin flow, and beetle attraction were all reduced as SNC severity increased. Although trees affected by SNC attracted fewer beetles, the number of attacks did not decline, the attacks were more likely to penetrate to sapwood depth, and the galleries were longer than in healthier trees, most likely due to a weakened oleoresin defense. However, there have been no current reports of increased Douglas-fir beetle activity on SNC stressed trees, and no rapid increases in beetle population numbers, or outbreaks associated with these diseased forests. SNC stressed trees may remain free from attacks because pioneering beetles have difficulty recognizing them as being stressed with low ethanol concentrations. Furthermore, beetle populations may not be increasing since stressed trees appear unsuitable for reproduction, as no eggs, larvae, or adult beetles were observed in excavated galleries on any attacked trees. However, if large volumes of host materials became available as a result of some catastrophic event (e.g. wildfire or wind-throw), and the beetles can reproduce successfully enough to increase population densities then the potential for a devastating outbreak of Douglas-fir beetle in SNC stressed trees might be exacerbated because they have compromised oleoresin defense systems, and may be killed with fewer beetle attacks. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Kelsey, R G AU - Manter, D K AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, rkelsey@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/03/22/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 22 SP - 241 EP - 253 VL - 190 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - swiss needle cast KW - Coleoptera KW - Douglas-fir beetle KW - Bark beetles KW - Douglas-fir KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Plant protection KW - Host selection KW - Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii KW - Stress KW - Pest outbreaks KW - Dendroctonus pseudotsugae KW - Pseudotsuga menziesii KW - USA, Oregon KW - Forestry KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18001866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Swiss+needle+cast+on+Douglas-fir+stem+ethanol+and+monoterpene+concentrations%2C+oleoresin+flow%2C+and+host+selection+by+the+Douglas-fir+beetle&rft.au=Kelsey%2C+R+G%3BManter%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Kelsey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-03-22&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2003.10.019 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii; Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; Scolytidae; Pseudotsuga menziesii; USA, Oregon; Stress; Host selection; Pest outbreaks; Plant protection; Forestry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.10.019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of group-selection opening size on the distribution and reproductive success of an early-successional shrubland bird AN - 17987454; 5932308 AB - Group-selection is a widely used silvicultural technique, and although recent studies have compared the ecology of birds inhabiting patches of regenerating forest created by group-selection with that of birds in clearcuts, little is known about the effect of opening size and shape on the ecology of early-successional shrubland birds within stands treated with group-selection. We studied chestnut-sided warblers (Dendroica pensylvanica), which are an early-successional shrubland bird, nesting in 29 patches of regenerating (4-5 years old) northern hardwoods forest 0.15-0.69ha in area to determine whether the ecology of this species is affected by patch size or shape. Chestnut-sided warbler density decreased with patch size, however nests were initiated earlier in larger patches. There were no relationships between patch area and number of young fledged per territory or nest predation rates. Similarly, there were no relationships between patch shape (defined as the ratio of the patch perimeter to the perimeter of a circle of the same area) and territory density, date of initiation of first nests, number of young fledged per territory, or nest predation rates. These results contrast with the results of studies of area sensitivity of mature forest and grassland birds, in which bird density is negatively related to patch area. However, later nest initiation in smaller patches suggests that smaller patches are lower quality habitat, which is consistent with the negative relationships between patch area and habitat quality reported in studies of birds nesting in patches of mature forest. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - King, DI AU - DeGraaf, R M AD - Northeastern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-4210, USA, dking@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/03/22/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 22 SP - 179 EP - 185 VL - 190 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Chestnut-sided warbler KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Silviculture KW - Forest management KW - Vegetation changes KW - Group selection KW - Population changes KW - Succession KW - Dendroica pensylvanica KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17987454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Effects+of+group-selection+opening+size+on+the+distribution+and+reproductive+success+of+an+early-successional+shrubland+bird&rft.au=King%2C+DI%3BDeGraaf%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=DI&rft.date=2004-03-22&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2003.10.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendroica pensylvanica; Forest management; Silviculture; Group selection; Succession; Vegetation changes; Population changes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.10.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emerging forests on abandoned land: Puerto Rico's new forests AN - 17985206; 5932303 AB - The species composition of forests change continuously as the earth's biota evolves and adjusts to environmental change. Humans are accelerating the rate of species turnover by moving species around the planet and dramatically changing environmental conditions. Our focus is on new forests in Puerto Rico that emerge naturally on abandoned lands previously converted to agriculture and degraded. These forest stands have combinations of species that are new to the island's landscapes. New forests exhibit high species dominance during forest establishment, which includes dominance by alien tree species. These alien tree species establish and maintain forest cover, which may facilitate regeneration of native tree species. Landscape analysis and literature review revealed that these emerging stands are highly fragmented (60% were 1ha in 1991), function as refugia for native organisms, and at 60-80 years old have similar species richness and structural features as native stands of similar age. However, the island's new forests exhibit important differences from mature native forests on unconverted forestlands. New forests have fewer endemic species and fewer large trees (55cmdbh) than mature native forests; they have higher soil bulk density and lower soil carbon and litter stocks; and they accumulate aboveground biomass, basal area, and soil carbon more slowly than native forests of similar age. We suggest that new forests will become increasingly prevalent in the biosphere in response to novel environmental conditions introduced to the planet by humans. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Lugo, A E AU - Helmer, E AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Jardn Botanico Sur, Ceiba 1201, Ro Piedras, PR 00926-1119, USA, alugo@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/03/22/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 22 SP - 145 EP - 161 VL - 190 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Age KW - Trees KW - Forests KW - Biosphere KW - Soil KW - Agricultural land KW - Endemic species KW - Carbon KW - Puerto Rico KW - Soil properties KW - Species composition KW - Species richness KW - Litter KW - Earth KW - Landscape KW - Biomass KW - Refugia KW - Environmental changes KW - Stocks KW - Environmental conditions KW - D 04700:Management KW - M3 1120:Land UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17985206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Emerging+forests+on+abandoned+land%3A+Puerto+Rico%27s+new+forests&rft.au=Lugo%2C+A+E%3BHelmer%2C+E&rft.aulast=Lugo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-03-22&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2003.09.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puerto Rico; Forests; Trees; Soil properties; Environmental conditions; Landscape; Refugia; Species composition; Environmental changes; Biomass; Endemic species; Earth; Biosphere; Agricultural land; Species richness; Stocks; Forest management; Soil; Age; Carbon; Litter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.09.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase reduces cell-wall polysaccharide concentration and increases xylose content in alfalfa stems AN - 856760969; 13858170 AB - The primary cell-wall matrix of most higher plants is composed of large amounts of uronic acids, primarily d-galacturonic acid residues in the back-bone of pectic polysaccharides. Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of uronic acids. We produced transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants expressing a soybean UDP-glucose dehydrogenase cDNA under the control of two promoters active in alfalfa vascular tissues. In initial greenhouse experiments, enzyme activity in transgenic lines was up to seven-fold greater than in nontransformed control plants; however, field-grown transgenic plants had only a maximum of 1.9-fold more activity than the control. Cell-wall polysaccharide content was lower and Klason lignin content was higher in transgenics compared to the nontransformed control. No significant increase in pectin or uronic acids in the polysaccharide fraction was observed in any line. Xylose increased 15% in most transgenic lines and mannose concentration decreased slightly in all lines. Because of the complexity of pectic polysaccharides and sugar biosynthesis, it may be necessary to manipulate multiple steps in carbohydrate metabolism to alter the pectin content of alfalfa. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Samac, Deborah A AU - Litterer, Lynn AU - Temple, Glena AU - Jung, Hans-Joachim G AU - Somers, David A AD - USDA-ARS-Plant Science Research, University of Minnesota, 495 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, 55108, St. Paul, MN, dasamac@umn.edu Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 1167 EP - 1182 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 USA VL - 116 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Carbohydrate metabolism KW - Xylose KW - uronic acid KW - Mannose KW - Enzymes KW - Stems KW - Polysaccharides KW - Transgenic plants KW - dehydrogenase KW - Soybeans KW - Greenhouses KW - Promoters KW - D-Galacturonic acid KW - Lignin KW - UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase KW - Uridine KW - Pectin KW - Medicago sativa KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856760969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+UDP-glucose+dehydrogenase+reduces+cell-wall+polysaccharide+concentration+and+increases+xylose+content+in+alfalfa+stems&rft.au=Samac%2C+Deborah+A%3BLitterer%2C+Lynn%3BTemple%2C+Glena%3BJung%2C+Hans-Joachim+G%3BSomers%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Samac&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=1167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FABAB%3A116%3A1-3%3A1167 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Carbohydrate metabolism; Xylose; Mannose; uronic acid; Enzymes; Polysaccharides; Stems; dehydrogenase; Transgenic plants; Greenhouses; Soybeans; Promoters; D-Galacturonic acid; Lignin; UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase; Uridine; Pectin; Medicago sativa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:116:1-3:1167 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of cultural and analytical methods for determination of aflatoxin production by Mississippi Delta Aspergillus isolates. AN - 71857072; 15105886 AB - This study compared cultural and analytical methods for detecting aflatoxin production by Aspergillus species. Aspergillus isolates were obtained from various Mississippi Delta crops (corn, peanut, rice, cotton) and soils. Most of the isolates (99%) were A. flavus and the remainder comprised A. parasiticus and A. nomius. The following three cultural methods were evaluated on potato dextrose agar: fluorescence (FL) on beta-cyclodextrin-containing media (CD), yellow pigment (YP) formation in mycelium and medium, and color change after ammonium hydroxide vapor exposure (AV). Aflatoxins in culture extracts were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 517 isolates, 314 produced greater than 20 ng/g of total aflatoxin based on ELISA, and 180 produced greater than 10 000 ng/g of aflatoxin in the medium. Almost all the toxigenic isolates (97%) were confirmed by TLC as producers. Of the toxigenic isolates, as determined by ELISA, 93%, 73%, and 70% gave positive FL, YP, and AV responses, respectively. Of the 203 isolates producing less than 20 ng/g of aflatoxin, 20%, 6%, and 0% of respective FL, YP, and AV methods gave false-positive responses. The 9% false-positive results from TLC fall within this range. This study showed good agreement among all tested cultural methods. However, these cultural techniques did not detect aflatoxin in all cultures that were found to produce aflatoxins by ELISA, LC/MS, and TLC. The best results were obtained when the AV color change and CD fluorescence methods were used together, yielding an overall success rate comparable to TLC but without the need for chemical extraction and the time and expense of TLC. JF - Canadian journal of microbiology AU - Abbas, Hamed K AU - Zablotowicz, R M AU - Weaver, M A AU - Horn, B W AU - Xie, W AU - Shier, W T AD - Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. habbas@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 193 EP - 199 VL - 50 IS - 3 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Cyclodextrins KW - Hydroxides KW - Pigments, Biological KW - beta-Cyclodextrins KW - Ammonium Hydroxide KW - 5138Q19F1X KW - betadex KW - JV039JZZ3A KW - Index Medicus KW - Pigments, Biological -- biosynthesis KW - Zea mays -- microbiology KW - Arachis -- microbiology KW - Fluorescence KW - Mississippi KW - False Positive Reactions KW - Oryza -- microbiology KW - False Negative Reactions KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Aspergillus flavus -- growth & development KW - Aspergillus flavus -- isolation & purification KW - Cyclodextrins -- metabolism KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Hydroxides -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus flavus -- metabolism KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Mycology -- methods KW - Aspergillus -- isolation & purification KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Aspergillus -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71857072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+cultural+and+analytical+methods+for+determination+of+aflatoxin+production+by+Mississippi+Delta+Aspergillus+isolates.&rft.au=Abbas%2C+Hamed+K%3BZablotowicz%2C+R+M%3BWeaver%2C+M+A%3BHorn%2C+B+W%3BXie%2C+W%3BShier%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=Hamed&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+journal+of+microbiology&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simple method to predict dissolved phosphorus in runoff from surface-applied manures. AN - 71821016; 15074829 AB - Computer models are a rapid, inexpensive way to identify agricultural areas with a high potential for P loss, but most models poorly simulate dissolved P release from surface-applied manures to runoff. We developed a simple approach to predict dissolved P release from manures based on observed trends in laboratory extraction of P in dairy, poultry, and swine manures with water over different water to manure ratios. The approach predicted well dissolved inorganic (R2 = 0.70) and organic (R2 = 0.73) P release from manures and composts for data from leaching experiments with simulated rainfall. However, it predicted poorly (R2 = 0.18) dissolved inorganic P concentrations in runoff from soil boxes where dairy, poultry, and swine manures had been surface-applied and subjected to simulated rainfall. Multiplying predicted runoff P concentrations by the ratio of runoff to rainfall improved the relationship between measured and predicted runoff P concentrations, but runoff P was still overpredicted for dairy and swine manures. We attributed this overprediction to immediate infiltration of dissolved P in the freely draining water of dairy and swine manure slurries upon their application to soils. Further multiplying predicted runoff dissolved inorganic P concentrations by 0.35 for dairy and 0.60 for swine manures resulted in an accurate prediction of dissolved P in runoff (R2 = 0.71). The ability of our relatively simple approach to predict dissolved inorganic P concentrations in runoff from surface-applied manures indicates its potential to improve water quality models, but field testing of the approach is necessary first. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Vadas, P A AU - Kleinman, P J A AU - Sharpley, A N AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Building 3702, Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA. Peter.Vadas@ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 749 EP - 756 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Manure KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Water Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Computer Simulation KW - Water Movements KW - Refuse Disposal KW - Forecasting KW - Rain KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Phosphorus -- analysis KW - Soil Pollutants -- analysis KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71821016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=A+simple+method+to+predict+dissolved+phosphorus+in+runoff+from+surface-applied+manures.&rft.au=Vadas%2C+P+A%3BKleinman%2C+P+J+A%3BSharpley%2C+A+N&rft.aulast=Vadas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=749&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bermudagrass management in the southern Piedmont, USA: IX. Trace elements in soil with broiler litter application. AN - 71820767; 15074832 AB - An understanding of the long-term cycling of trace elements in soil with broiler litter fertilization under various forage utilization strategies is needed to develop sustainable agricultural production systems. We evaluated differences in Cu, Mn, Zn, and six other trace elements in response to 5 yr of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] management varying in fertilization and harvest strategies on a Typic Kanhapludult in Georgia. Chicken (Gallus gallus) broiler litter was a significant source of trace elements that led to 3.4 +/- 0.5 times higher Cu, 2.0 +/- 0.3 times higher Mn, and 2.1 +/- 0.2 times higher Zn in the surface 3 cm of soil than when forage was fertilized inorganically. There were variable effects of broiler litter fertilization on other trace elements, depending upon element, depth of sampling, and forage utilization strategy. Concentrations of all trace elements in soil were below levels considered toxic to plants. Soil at a depth of 0 to 3 cm under grazed paddocks had 33 +/- 5% greater Cd, 18 +/- 1% greater Cr, 53 +/- 24% greater Cu, and 24 +/- 7% greater Zn compared with unharvested and hayed management. Trace elements in soil were unaffected whether forage was unharvested or removed as hay. These results suggest that broiler litter is a significant source of several trace elements and that ruminant processing of forage and subsequent deposition of excreta on the paddock allow these trace elements to accumulate more at the soil surface where they might interact with the high concentration of organic matter. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Franzluebbers, A J AU - Wilkinson, S R AU - Stuedemann, J A AD - USDA-ARS, J. Phil Campbell Sr. Natural Resource Conservation Center, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677-2373, USA. afranz@uga.edu PY - 2004 SP - 778 EP - 784 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Manure KW - Metals, Heavy KW - Soil KW - Trace Elements KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Agriculture KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Animal Feed KW - Nutritive Value KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Ruminants KW - Metals, Heavy -- pharmacokinetics KW - Trace Elements -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cynodon -- growth & development KW - Cynodon -- chemistry KW - Trace Elements -- analysis KW - Refuse Disposal KW - Metals, Heavy -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71820767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Bermudagrass+management+in+the+southern+Piedmont%2C+USA%3A+IX.+Trace+elements+in+soil+with+broiler+litter+application.&rft.au=Franzluebbers%2C+A+J%3BWilkinson%2C+S+R%3BStuedemann%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Franzluebbers&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=778&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimizing phosphorus characterization in animal manures by solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AN - 71820021; 15074830 AB - A procedure involving alkaline extraction and solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was developed and optimized for the characterization of P in animal manures (broiler, swine, beef cattle). Inclusion of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the alkaline extraction solution recovered between 82 and 97% of the total P from the three manures, which represented a significant improvement on recovery in NaOH alone. Low concentrations of paramagnetic ions in all manure extracts meant that relatively long delay times (> 5 s) were required for quantitative analysis by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy. The manures contained inorganic orthophosphate, orthophosphate monoesters, orthophosphate diesters, and inorganic polyphosphates, but results were markedly influenced by the concentration of NaOH in the extractant, which affected both spectral resolution and the apparent P composition of the extracts. For example, extraction of swine manure and broiler litter with 0.5 M NaOH + 50 mM EDTA produced remarkable spectral resolution that allowed accurate quantification of the four signals from phytic acid, the major organic P compound in these manures. In contrast, more dilute NaOH concentrations produced considerable line broadening that obscured individual signals in the orthophosphate monoester region of the spectra. Spectral resolution of cattle manure extracts was relatively unaffected by NaOH concentration. Improvements in spectral resolution of more concentrated NaOH extracts were, however, compromised by the disappearance of phospholipids and inorganic polyphosphates, notably in swine and cattle manure extracts, which indicated either degradation or a change in solubility. The optimum extraction conditions will therefore vary depending on the manure type and the objectives of the study. Phytic acid can be accurately quantified in swine manure and broiler litter by extraction with 0.5 M NaOH + 50 mM EDTA, while a more dilute NaOH concentration should be used for complete P characterization or comparison among different manure types. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Turner, Benjamin L AD - USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793N. 3600E., Kimberly, ID 83341, USA. bturner@ifas.ufl.edu PY - 2004 SP - 757 EP - 766 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Manure KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus Isotopes KW - Water Pollutants KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Sodium Hydroxide KW - 55X04QC32I KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Solubility KW - Phosphorus Isotopes -- analysis KW - Sodium Hydroxide -- chemistry KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Phosphorus -- chemistry KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Phosphorus -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71820021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Optimizing+phosphorus+characterization+in+animal+manures+by+solution+phosphorus-31+nuclear+magnetic+resonance+spectroscopy.&rft.au=Turner%2C+Benjamin+L&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measured concentrations of herbicides and model predictions of atrazine fate in the Patuxent River estuary. AN - 71819650; 15074811 AB - The environmental fate of herbicides in estuaries is poorly understood. Estuarine physical transport processes and the episodic nature of herbicide release into surface waters complicate interpretation of water concentration measurements and allocation of sources. Water concentrations of herbicides and two triazine degradation products (CIAT [6-amino-2-chloro-4-isopropylamino-s-triazine] and CEAT [6-amino-2-chloro-4-ethylamino-s-triazine]) were measured in surface water from four sites on 40 d from 4 Apr. through 29 July 19% in the Patuxent River estuary, part of the Chesapeake Bay system. Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) was most persistent and present in the highest concentrations (maximum = 1.29 microg/L). Metolachlor [2-chloro-6'-ethyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-o-acetoluidide], CIAT, CEAT, and simazine (1-chloro-3,5-bisethylamino-2,4,6-triazine) were frequently detected with maximum concentration values of 0.61, 1.1, 0.76, and 0.49 microg/L, respectively. A physical transport model was used to interpret atrazine concentrations in the context of estuarine water transport, giving estimates of in situ degradation rates and total transport. The estimated half-life of atrazine in the turbid, shallow upper estuary was t(1/2) = 20 d, but was much longer (t(1/2) = 100 d) in the deeper lower estuary. Although most (93%) atrazine entered the estuary upstream via the river, simulations suggested additional inputs directly to the lower estuary. The total atrazine load to the estuary from 5 April to 15 July was 71 kg with 48% loss by degradation and 31% exported to the Chesapeake Bay. Atrazine persistence in the estuary is directly related to river flows into the estuary. Low flows will increase atrazine residence time in the upper estuary and increase degradation losses. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - McConnell, Laura L AU - Harman-Fetcho, Jennifer A AU - Hagy, James D AD - USDA-ARS, Environmental Quality Laboratory, Building 007, Room 225, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. mcconnel@ba.ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 594 EP - 604 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Atrazine KW - QJA9M5H4IM KW - Index Medicus KW - Rivers KW - Ecosystem KW - Half-Life KW - Water Movements KW - Water Supply KW - Forecasting KW - Maryland KW - Herbicides -- metabolism KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Herbicides -- analysis KW - Atrazine -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71819650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Measured+concentrations+of+herbicides+and+model+predictions+of+atrazine+fate+in+the+Patuxent+River+estuary.&rft.au=McConnell%2C+Laura+L%3BHarman-Fetcho%2C+Jennifer+A%3BHagy%2C+James+D&rft.aulast=McConnell&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=594&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using the late spring nitrate test to reduce nitrate loss within a watershed. AN - 71816753; 15074819 AB - Excessive nitrate leaching from the U.S. Corn Belt has created serious water quality problems and contributed to the expansion of the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico. We evaluated the effect of implementing the late spring nitrate test (LSNT) for corn (Zea mays L.) grown within a 400-ha, tile-drained subbasin in central Iowa. Surface water discharge and NO3 concentrations from the treated subbasin and two adjacent subbasins receiving primarily fall-applied, anhydrous ammonia were compared. In two of four years, the LSNT method significantly reduced N fertilizer applications compared with the farmers' standard practices. Average corn yield from LSNT fields and nonlimiting N fertilizer check strips was not significantly different. Autoregressive (AR) models using weekly time series in surface water NO3 concentration differences between the LSNT and control subbasins indicated no consistent significant differences during the pre-LSNT (1992-1996) period. However, by the second year (1998) of the treatment period (1997-2000), NO3 concentrations in surface water from the treated subbasin were significantly lower than the concentrations coming from both control basins. Annual average flow-weighted NO3 concentrations for the last two years (1999-2000) were 11.3 mg N L(-1) for the LSNT and subbasin and 16.0 mg N L(-1) for the control subbasins. Based on these values and the AR models, widespread adoption of the LSNT program for managing N fertilizer where fall N application is typically practiced could result in a > or = 30% decrease for NO3 concentrations in surface water. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Jaynes, D B AU - Dinnes, D L AU - Meek, D W AU - Karlen, D L AU - Cambardella, C A AU - Colvin, T S AD - USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA. jaynes@nstl.gov PY - 2004 SP - 669 EP - 677 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Fertilizers KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Water Pollutants KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Agriculture KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Zea mays KW - Water Movements KW - Seasons KW - Water Pollutants -- analysis KW - Water Supply KW - Nitrates -- analysis KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71816753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Using+the+late+spring+nitrate+test+to+reduce+nitrate+loss+within+a+watershed.&rft.au=Jaynes%2C+D+B%3BDinnes%2C+D+L%3BMeek%2C+D+W%3BKarlen%2C+D+L%3BCambardella%2C+C+A%3BColvin%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Jaynes&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ammonia emissions from swine houses in the southeastern United States. AN - 71816130; 15074795 AB - Ammonia (NH3) from confined animal feeding operations is emitted from several sources including lagoons, field applications, and houses. This paper presents studies that were conducted to evaluate NH3 emissions from swine finisher and sow animal houses in the southeastern USA. Management and climate variables including animal weight, feed consumption, housing gutter water temperature, total time fans operated per day, house air temperature, house ambient NH3 concentration, and animal numbers were measured to determine their individual and combined effect on NH3 emissions. Ammonia emissions varied on daily and seasonal bases with higher emissions during warmer periods. For finishers, the summertime housing emissions on a per-animal basis were 2.4 times higher than wintertime (7.0 vs. 3.3 g NH3 animal(-1) d(-1)) or 3.2 times higher when compared on an animal unit (AU) basis (1 AU = 500 kg) because of climate and animal size differences between measurement periods. For summertime, the emission factor for the finishing pigs was 7.8 times higher than for sows on an animal basis and 25.6 times higher on an AU basis. Simple models were developed for housing emissions based on (i) all measured factors that were independent of each other and (ii) on three commonly measured management factors. The two models explained 97 and 64%, respectively, of variations in emissions. Ammonia emissions were found to be somewhat less than other studies on the same type housing due to more representative housing concentration measurements and calibration of exhaust fans; thus, emission factors for these type houses will be less than previously thought. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Harper, Lowry A AU - Sharpe, Ron R AU - Simmons, John D AD - Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Unit, USDA-ARS-JPCSNRCC, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA. lharper@uga.edu PY - 2004 SP - 449 EP - 457 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Swine KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Animals KW - Ventilation KW - Ammonia -- analysis KW - Housing, Animal KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71816130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Ammonia+emissions+from+swine+houses+in+the+southeastern+United+States.&rft.au=Harper%2C+Lowry+A%3BSharpe%2C+Ron+R%3BSimmons%2C+John+D&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Lowry&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative activity of deet and AI3-37220 repellents against the ticks Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in laboratory bioassays. AN - 71799336; 15061285 AB - The repellents N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and racemic 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (AI3-37220) were evaluated using two different laboratory bioassays to determine their relative effectiveness against host-seeking nymphs of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, and the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.). In a petri dish bioassay, ticks were released within a ring of repellent on a horizontal filter paper disk. In the second bioassay, ticks were allowed to climb a vertical strip of filter paper whose central portion was treated with a repellent. Deet and AI3-37220 were more effective against I. scapularis than A. americanum nymphs. In the petri dish bioassay, none of the concentrations of deet or AI3-37220 tested confined A. americanum within the treated ring. However, in the vertical bioassay, both species exhibited avoidance of the repellents, and I. scapularis was repelled by much lower concentrations than A. americanum. I. scapularis were repelled by lower concentrations in the vertical bioassay than in the petri dish bioassay. Deet was slightly more effective against I. scapularis than AI3-37220 in both bioassays, but AI3-37220 was significantly more effective than deet against A. americanum in the vertical bioassay. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Carroll, J F AU - Solberg, V B AU - Klun, J A AU - Kramer, M AU - Debboun, M AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. jcarroll@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 249 EP - 254 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - Piperidines KW - DEET KW - 134-62-3 KW - 1-(3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine KW - 69462-43-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Larva KW - Ixodes KW - Piperidines -- toxicity KW - Ticks KW - Insect Repellents -- toxicity KW - DEET -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71799336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Comparative+activity+of+deet+and+AI3-37220+repellents+against+the+ticks+Ixodes+scapularis+and+Amblyomma+americanum+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+in+laboratory+bioassays.&rft.au=Carroll%2C+J+F%3BSolberg%2C+V+B%3BKlun%2C+J+A%3BKramer%2C+M%3BDebboun%2C+M&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and characterization of amitraz resistance in the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). AN - 71796982; 15061278 AB - Amitraz, a formamidine acaricide, plays an important role in the control of the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), and other tick species that infest cattle, dogs, and wild animals. Although resistance to amitraz in B. microplus was previously reported in several countries, the actual measurement of the level of amitraz resistance in ticks has been difficult to determine due to the lack of a proper bioassay technique. We conducted a survey, by using a newly reported technique that was a modification of the standard Food and Agriculture Organization larval packet test, to measure the levels of resistance to amitraz in 15 strains of B. microplus from four major cattle-producing states in Mexico. Low-order resistance (1.68- to 4.58-fold) was detected in 11 of those strains. Our laboratory selection using amitraz on larvae of the Santa Luiza strain, which originated from Brazil, achieved a resistance ratio of 153.93 at F6, indicating the potential for high resistance to this acaricide in B. microplus. Both triphenylphosphate and piperonyl butoxide significantly synergized amitraz toxicity in both resistant and susceptible tick strains. Diethyl maleate synergized amitraz toxicity in one resistant strain but had no effect on the susceptible strain and had minor antagonistic effects on two other resistant strains. Target site insensitivity, instead of metabolic detoxification mechanisms, might be responsible for amitraz resistance observed in the Santa Luiza strain and possibly in other amitraz resistant B. microplus ticks from Mexico. The Santa Luiza strain also demonstrated high resistance to pyrethroids and moderate resistance to organophosphates. Multiple resistance shown in this strain and other B. microplus strains from Mexico poses a significant challenge to the management of B. microplus resistance to acaricides in Mexico. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Li, Andrew Y AU - Davey, Ronald B AU - Miller, Robert J AU - George, John E AD - USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd., Kerrville, TX 78028, USA. Andrew.Li@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 193 EP - 200 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - Toluidines KW - amitraz KW - 33IAH5017S KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Dogs -- parasitology KW - Animals, Wild -- parasitology KW - Geography KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Species Specificity KW - Larva -- drug effects KW - Cattle -- parasitology KW - Ticks -- physiology KW - Insecticide Resistance -- drug effects KW - Insect Repellents -- toxicity KW - Toluidines -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71796982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Detection+and+characterization+of+amitraz+resistance+in+the+southern+cattle+tick%2C+Boophilus+microplus+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29.&rft.au=Li%2C+Andrew+Y%3BDavey%2C+Ronald+B%3BMiller%2C+Robert+J%3BGeorge%2C+John+E&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cruciferous vegetables: cancer protective mechanisms of glucosinolate hydrolysis products and selenium. AN - 71767548; 15035868 AB - Dietetic professionals urge Americans to increase fruit and vegetable intakes. The American Institute of Cancer Research estimates that if the only dietary change made was to increase the daily intake of fruits and vegetables to 5 servings per day, cancer rates could decline by as much as 20%. Among the reasons cited for this health benefit are that fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They also contain nonnutritive components that may provide substantial health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Examples of the latter are the glucosinolate hydrolysis products, sulforaphane, and indole-3-carbinol. Epidemiological studies provide evidence that the consumption of cruciferous vegetables protects against cancer more effectively than the total intake of fruits and vegetables. This review describes the anticarcinogenic bioactivities of glucosinolate hydrolysis products, the mineral selenium derived from crucifers, and the mechanisms by which they protect against cancer. These mechanisms include altered estrogen metabolism, protection against reactive oxygen species, altered detoxification by induction of phase II enzymes, decreased carcinogen activation by inhibition of phase I enzymes, and slowed tumor growth and induction of apoptosis. JF - Integrative cancer therapies AU - Keck, Anna-Sigrid AU - Finley, John W AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9034, USA. Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 5 EP - 12 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1534-7354, 1534-7354 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Estrogens KW - Glucosinolates KW - Plant Extracts KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Index Medicus KW - Vegetables KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Estrogens -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Diet KW - Hydrolysis KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Brassicaceae -- chemistry KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Selenium -- pharmacology KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Glucosinolates -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71767548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Integrative+cancer+therapies&rft.atitle=Cruciferous+vegetables%3A+cancer+protective+mechanisms+of+glucosinolate+hydrolysis+products+and+selenium.&rft.au=Keck%2C+Anna-Sigrid%3BFinley%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Keck&rft.aufirst=Anna-Sigrid&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Integrative+cancer+therapies&rft.issn=15347354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in growth and antioxidant status of alfalfa sprouts during sprouting as affected by gamma irradiation of seeds. AN - 71762582; 15035374 AB - Viking 3000 alfalfa seeds irradiated with gamma rays to doses of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 kGy were sprouted and allowed to grow for up to 8 days at 23 degrees C. Germination, growth (yield and length), antioxidant capacity, and ascorbic acid (AA) were measured during sprouting. Results showed percent germination of the seeds and the rates of growth of the sprouts were inversely related to the radiation dose absorbed by the seeds. Both antioxidant capacity and AA content expressed on a fresh weight basis decreased during growth of the sprouts. Sprouts grown from irradiated seeds had greater antioxidant capacity and AA content on a fresh weight basis than those grown from nonirradiated seeds. However, when the nutritive values were expressed on a per gram of seed basis, irradiation had no effect on the nutritive values of sprouts. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Fan, Xuetong AU - Thayer, Donald W AU - Sokorai, Kimberly J B AD - Food Safety, Intervention Technologies Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. xfan@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 561 EP - 566 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Germination KW - Antioxidants -- analysis KW - Nutritive Value KW - Gamma Rays KW - Seeds -- growth & development KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Seeds -- radiation effects KW - Medicago sativa -- radiation effects KW - Food Irradiation KW - Medicago sativa -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71762582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Changes+in+growth+and+antioxidant+status+of+alfalfa+sprouts+during+sprouting+as+affected+by+gamma+irradiation+of+seeds.&rft.au=Fan%2C+Xuetong%3BThayer%2C+Donald+W%3BSokorai%2C+Kimberly+J+B&rft.aulast=Fan&rft.aufirst=Xuetong&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clustered pathway genes in aflatoxin biosynthesis. AN - 71708932; 15006741 JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Yu, Jiujiang AU - Chang, Perng-Kuang AU - Ehrlich, Kenneth C AU - Cary, Jeffrey W AU - Bhatnagar, Deepak AU - Cleveland, Thomas E AU - Payne, Gary A AU - Linz, John E AU - Woloshuk, Charles P AU - Bennett, Joan W AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA. jiuyu@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 1253 EP - 1262 VL - 70 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aspergillus -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Aspergillus -- metabolism KW - Terminology as Topic KW - Aspergillus -- pathogenicity KW - Aflatoxins -- biosynthesis KW - Genes, Fungal KW - Aflatoxins -- genetics KW - Multigene Family KW - Aflatoxins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71708932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Clustered+pathway+genes+in+aflatoxin+biosynthesis.&rft.au=Yu%2C+Jiujiang%3BChang%2C+Perng-Kuang%3BEhrlich%2C+Kenneth+C%3BCary%2C+Jeffrey+W%3BBhatnagar%2C+Deepak%3BCleveland%2C+Thomas+E%3BPayne%2C+Gary+A%3BLinz%2C+John+E%3BWoloshuk%2C+Charles+P%3BBennett%2C+Joan+W&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=Jiujiang&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY371490; GENBANK N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jul;61(7):2665-73 [7618880] J Bacteriol. 1995 Aug;177(16):4792-800 [7642507] Gene. 1995 Sep 22;163(1):121-5 [7557460] Mol Gen Genet. 1995 Aug 21;248(3):270-7 [7565588] J Bacteriol. 1995 Nov;177(21):6246-54 [7592391] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Oct;61(10):3628-32 [7486998] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Jan;62(1):191-5 [8572694] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Feb;62(2):360-6 [8593042] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Feb 20;93(4):1418-22 [8643646] Curr Genet. 1996 May;29(6):549-55 [8662194] J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 7;271(23):13600-8 [8662689] Can J Microbiol. 1996 Aug;42(8):804-10 [8776851] Biochemistry. 1996 Sep 3;35(35):11470-86 [8784203] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Nov;62(11):4296-8 [8900026] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Oct;62(10):3567-71 [8967772] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Dec;62(12):4568-75 [8953728] Chem Biol. 1996 Jun;3(6):463-9 [8807876] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Dec 10;93(25):14873-7 [8962148] J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 10;272(2):804-13 [8995367] Mol Microbiol. 1998 Jun;28(6):1355-65 [9680223] Fungal Genet Biol. 1998 Apr;23(3):279-87 [9680958] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Oct;64(10):3713-7 [9758789] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 May;63(5):1661-6 [9143099] Adv Appl Microbiol. 1997;45:1-15 [9381965] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jun;64(6):2275-7 [9603849] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2172-7 [2802602] Mycopathologia. 1989 Sep;107(2-3):121-6 [2615791] Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 30;30(17):4343-50 [1902378] J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 17;272(3):1589-94 [8999832] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Mar;63(3):1058-65 [9055421] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Apr;63(4):1349-56 [9097431] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Dec;64(12):4834-41 [9835571] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Mar 19;1444(3):412-7 [10095064] Gene. 1999 Apr 16;230(2):249-57 [10216264] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Jun;65(6):2508-12 [10347035] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1999 Jun;51(6):808-12 [10422228] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Sep;65(9):3867-72 [10473388] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Nov;65(11):4987-94 [10543813] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Jan;66(1):359-62 [10618248] Gene. 2000 May 2;248(1-2):157-67 [10806361] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2000 May;53(5):583-90 [10855719] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2000 May;53(5):605-9 [10855723] Mycopathologia. 1999;147(2):105-12 [10967969] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Nov;66(11):4715-9 [11055914] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001 May;55(5):585-9 [11414325] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001 Jun;55(6):771-6 [11525627] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Jan;68(1):306-15 [11772640] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2002 Apr;58(5):632-6 [11956746] Microbiol Rev. 1988 Jun;52(2):274-95 [3137428] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Aug;54(8):2101-6 [3140727] Prep Biochem. 1988;18(3):321-49 [3237648] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1989 Mar-Apr;72(2):223-30 [2651391] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 May-Jun;18(3):429-33 [2730159] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1340-5 [1854196] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Feb 14;293(1):67-70 [1731640] J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Oct;137(10):2469-75 [1770361] Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Jul 19;1576(3):316-23 [12084578] Chem Immunol. 2002;81:167-206 [12102001] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Aug;68(8):3737-43 [12147467] Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2002 Sep;66(3):447-59, table of contents [12208999] Chem Biol. 2002 Sep;9(9):981-8 [12323372] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Nov;68(11):5718-27 [12406770] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Jan;69(1):66-73 [12513978] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2003 Apr;61(2):83-93 [12655449] Mol Genet Genomics. 2003 Mar;268(6):711-9 [12655397] Mycopathologia. 2002;156(3):227-34 [12749588] Fungal Genet Biol. 2003 Jul;39(2):118-27 [12781670] Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003 Jul;16(3):497-516 [12857779] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Nov;69(11):6418-26 [14602595] Genet Res. 1973 Jun;21(3):291-6 [4581424] Can J Microbiol. 1973 Nov;19(11):1373-8 [4768832] Appl Microbiol. 1974 Feb;27(2):394-9 [4207281] Appl Microbiol. 1974 Jul;28(1):52-7 [4844267] J Agric Food Chem. 1977 Sep-Oct;25(5):1193-7 [893850] Genet Res. 1979 Aug;34(1):1-9 [116906] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Apr;39(4):835-9 [7377778] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Oct;46(4):805-12 [6416168] Adv Appl Microbiol. 1983;29:53-92 [6650265] Mycopathologia. 1987 Oct;100(1):3-5 [3683511] Curr Genet. 1992 Mar;21(3):231-3 [1563048] Mol Gen Genet. 1992 Nov;235(2-3):205-12 [1465094] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Nov;58(11):3527-37 [1339261] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Feb;59(2):479-84 [8434913] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jan;59(1):156-62 [8439147] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 May;59(5):1642-6 [8517755] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Aug;59(8):2486-92 [8368836] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Aug;59(8):2493-500 [8368837] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Oct;59(10):3273-9 [8250554] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Nov;59(11):3564-71 [8285664] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 May;60(5):1444-50 [8017929] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jul;60(7):2408-14 [8074521] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Nov;60(11):4078-85 [7993094] Microbiology. 1995 Apr;141 ( Pt 4):755-65 [7773383] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jun;61(6):2365-71 [7793957] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Jun;61(6):2372-7 [7793958] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a real-time PCR kit for detecting Escherichia coli O157 in bovine fecal samples. AN - 71707170; 15006817 AB - A commercially available real-time, rapid PCR test was evaluated for its ability to detect Escherichia coli O157. Both the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 99% for isolates in pure culture. The assay detected 1 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 g(-1) in artificially inoculated bovine feces following enrichment. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Bono, James L AU - Keen, James E AU - Miller, Laura C AU - Fox, James M AU - Chitko-McKown, Carol G AU - Heaton, Michael P AU - Laegreid, William W AD - U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA. bono@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 1855 EP - 1857 VL - 70 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- statistics & numerical data KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71707170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+real-time+PCR+kit+for+detecting+Escherichia+coli+O157+in+bovine+fecal+samples.&rft.au=Bono%2C+James+L%3BKeen%2C+James+E%3BMiller%2C+Laura+C%3BFox%2C+James+M%3BChitko-McKown%2C+Carol+G%3BHeaton%2C+Michael+P%3BLaegreid%2C+William+W&rft.aulast=Bono&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1855&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Ann Intern Med. 1992 Nov 15;117(10):812-9 [1416555] J Pediatr. 1990 Apr;116(4):544-51 [2181098] J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Mar;35(3):656-62 [9041407] Lett Appl Microbiol. 1997 Mar;24(3):172-6 [9080694] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998 Jan;11(1):142-201 [9457432] J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Feb;36(2):598-602 [9466788] J Infect Dis. 1998 Jun;177(6):1588-93 [9607837] J Infect Dis. 1998 Jun;177(6):1750-3 [9607864] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998 Jul;11(3):450-79 [9665978] Arch Intern Med. 1999 Aug 9-23;159(15):1758-64 [10448779] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Sep 17;48(36):803-5 [10499785] J Appl Microbiol. 1999 Dec;87(6):867-76 [10664910] Epidemiol Infect. 2000 Feb;124(1):31-6 [10722127] Prev Vet Med. 2000 May 30;45(1-2):23-41 [10802332] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Apr 20;50(15):293-7 [11330497] Pediatr Rev. 2001 Nov;22(11):365-9 [11691946] Lett Appl Microbiol. 2002;34(4):304-10 [11940165] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Jun;68(6):3169-71 [12039787] Mayo Clin Proc. 2002 Jul;77(7):673-80 [12108605] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Jul 26;51(29):637-9 [12186220] N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 22;347(8):555-60 [12192014] J Food Prot. 2002 Sep;65(9):1371-80 [12233845] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Oct;68(10):4853-62 [12324331] J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Oct;40(10):3613-9 [12354854] Epidemiol Infect. 2002 Oct;129(2):295-302 [12403105] JAMA. 1993 Feb 17;269(7):883-8 [8426447] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tracking spoilage bacteria in commercial poultry processing and refrigerated storage of poultry carcasses. AN - 71696359; 14996459 AB - Four trials were conducted to examine the effect of commercial processing and refrigerated storage on spoilage bacteria in the native microflora of broiler carcasses. Prescalded, picked, eviscerated, and chilled carcasses were obtained from a commercial processing facility, and psychrotrophs in the bacterial flora were enumerated on Iron Agar, Pseudomonas Agar, and STAA Agar. The size of the population of spoilage bacteria on processed carcasses stored at 4 degrees C for 7, 10, or 14 days was also determined. Bacterial isolates were identified and dendrograms of the fatty acid profiles of the isolates were prepared to determine the degree of relatedness of the isolates. Findings indicated that although some processing steps increased the level of carcass contamination by selected bacteria, the number of spoilage bacteria recovered from processed carcasses was significantly (P< or = 0.05) less than the number of bacteria recovered from carcasses entering the processing line. Acinetobacter and Aeromonas spp. were the primary isolates recovered from carcasses taken from the processing line. During refrigerated storage, there was a significant (P < or =0.05) increase in the population of bacteria on the carcasses, and Pseudomonas spp. were the predominant bacteria recovered from these carcasses. Dendrograms of the fatty acid profiles of the isolates indicated that bacterial cross-contamination of carcasses occurs during all stages of processing and that some bacteria can survive processing and proliferate on carcasses during refrigerated storage. Furthermore, cross-contamination was detected between carcasses processed on different days at the same facility. Findings indicate that although poultry processing decreases carcass contamination by psychrotrophic spoilage bacteria, significant levels of bacterial cross-contamination occur during processing, and bacteria that survive processing may multiply on the carcasses during refrigerated storage. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Hinton, Arthur AU - Cason, J A AU - Ingram, Kimberly D AD - Poultry Processing and Meat Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 950 College Station Road, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA. ahinton@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 01 SP - 155 EP - 165 VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Refrigeration KW - Phylogeny KW - Animals KW - Food Preservation -- standards KW - Food Microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria -- classification KW - Food-Processing Industry -- methods KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71696359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Tracking+spoilage+bacteria+in+commercial+poultry+processing+and+refrigerated+storage+of+poultry+carcasses.&rft.au=Hinton%2C+Arthur%3BCason%2C+J+A%3BIngram%2C+Kimberly+D&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of inhibitory compounds in spent growth media that interfere with acid-tolerance mechanisms of enteric pathogens. AN - 71693284; 14996461 AB - Understanding the acid-tolerance ability of enteric human pathogens is critical in determining microbial food safety and the associated risk. We have discovered naturally occurring compounds in the spent growth media, which inhibit the acid-tolerance ability of several enteric human pathogens when challenged at pH 3.0 for 2 h at 37 degrees C. The compounds were detected in the spent growth media obtained from Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholera, but not from Shigella flexneri. The compounds were effective in reducing pathogen survival by 5-logs during acid-challenge assay. The low molecular weight (<300 Da) and heat resistant nature (121 degrees C, 15 min, at 15 psi) of the compounds make them excellent candidates to explore their suitability as food additives that would increase microbial food safety. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Chen, Yingru AU - Liming, Samantha Hu AU - Bhagwat, Arvind A AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 01 SP - 175 EP - 183 VL - 91 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Temperature KW - Time Factors KW - Molecular Weight KW - Vibrio cholerae -- pathogenicity KW - Salmonella -- physiology KW - Vibrio cholerae -- physiology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Salmonella -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- physiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- pathogenicity KW - Culture Media -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71693284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+inhibitory+compounds+in+spent+growth+media+that+interfere+with+acid-tolerance+mechanisms+of+enteric+pathogens.&rft.au=Chen%2C+Yingru%3BLiming%2C+Samantha+Hu%3BBhagwat%2C+Arvind+A&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Yingru&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of Tri15 in Fusarium sporotrichioides. AN - 71683603; 14624310 AB - In the fungus Fusarium sporotrichioides, biosynthesis of trichothecene mycotoxins requires at least three genetic loci: a core 12-gene cluster, a smaller two-gene cluster, and a single-gene locus. Here, we describe the Tri15 gene, which represents a fourth locus involved in trichothecene biosynthesis. Tri15 is predicted to encode a Cys(2)-His(2 )zinc finger protein and is expressed in a manner similar to genes in the core trichothecene gene cluster. However, disruption of F. sporotrichioides Tri15 does not affect production of T-2 toxin, the major trichothecene produced by this fungus. This result suggests that Tri15 is not necessary for the production of toxin. Cultures with exogenously added T-2 toxin have high levels of Tri15 expression and no detectable expression of the trichothecene biosynthetic genes Tri5 and Tri6. The expression analysis is consistent with Tri15 being a negative regulator of at least some of the trichothecene biosynthetic genes. In F. graminearum, Tri15 has been mapped to linkage group 2 and is therefore unlinked to the main trichothecene biosynthetic gene cluster. JF - Current genetics AU - Alexander, Nancy J AU - McCormick, Susan P AU - Larson, Troy M AU - Jurgenson, James E AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA/ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA. alexannj@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 157 EP - 162 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0172-8083, 0172-8083 KW - DNA, Fungal KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Fungal Proteins KW - Transcription Factors KW - Trichothecenes KW - T-2 Toxin KW - I3FL5NM3MO KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Transformation, Genetic -- genetics KW - Trichothecenes -- pharmacology KW - Feedback, Physiological -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - T-2 Toxin -- biosynthesis KW - DNA, Fungal -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Expressed Sequence Tags KW - Genes, Fungal -- physiology KW - Gene Expression KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Fusarium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71683603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+genetics&rft.atitle=Expression+of+Tri15+in+Fusarium+sporotrichioides.&rft.au=Alexander%2C+Nancy+J%3BMcCormick%2C+Susan+P%3BLarson%2C+Troy+M%3BJurgenson%2C+James+E&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+genetics&rft.issn=01728083&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism, tissue disposition, and excretion of 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 71560570; 14659938 AB - A single oral dose of [14C] 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) was administered to conventional and bile-duct cannulated male Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue disposition, excretion and metabolism was determined. BTBPE is a low-volume brominated flame retardant used in resins or plastics, and toxicity data in peer-reviewed journals is extremely limited. BTBPE was fairly insoluble in lipophilic solutions, which made dose preparation difficult. The great majority of 14C (>94%) was excreted in the feces of both groups of rats at 72 h, and tissue retention was minimal. Lipophilic tissues contained the highest concentrations of BTBPE, e.g. thymus, adipose tissue, adrenals, lung, and skin. Metabolites were excreted in the urine, bile and feces, but at a very low level. Fecal metabolites were characterized as monohydroxylated, monohydroxylated with debromination, dihydroxylated/debrominated on a single aromatic ring, monohydroxylated on each aromatic ring with accompanying debromination, and cleavage on either side of the ether linkage to yield tribromophenol and tribromophenoxyethanol. Despite a limited quantity of stable metabolites extractable in the feces, non-extractable 14C levels were relatively high (39% of the 0-24 h fecal 14C), which suggested that BTBPE could be metabolically activated in the rat and covalently bound to fecal proteins and/or lipids. It was concluded that limited absorption and metabolism of BTBPE would occur by ingestion in mammals. JF - Chemosphere AU - Hakk, Heldur AU - Larsen, Gerald AU - Bowers, Joseph AD - USDA, ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, PO Box 5674, University Station, Fargo, ND 58105-5647, USA. hakkh@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 1367 EP - 1374 VL - 54 IS - 10 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Bromobenzenes KW - 0 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - Flame Retardants KW - 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane KW - 37853-59-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Chromatography KW - Bile -- metabolism KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Carbon Radioisotopes -- urine KW - Carbon Radioisotopes -- metabolism KW - Bromobenzenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Rats -- metabolism KW - Flame Retardants -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carbon Radioisotopes -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71560570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Metabolism%2C+tissue+disposition%2C+and+excretion+of+1%2C2-bis%282%2C4%2C6-tribromophenoxy%29ethane+%28BTBPE%29+in+male+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Hakk%2C+Heldur%3BLarsen%2C+Gerald%3BBowers%2C+Joseph&rft.aulast=Hakk&rft.aufirst=Heldur&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of the fungicides mancozeb and chlorothalonil on fluxes of CO (sub 2) , N (sub 2) O, and CH (sub 4) in a fertilized Colorado grassland soil AN - 51814070; 2004-063652 JF - Journal of Geophysical Research AU - Kinney, Chad A AU - Mosier, Arvin R AU - Ferrer, Imma AU - Furlong, Edward T AU - Mandernack, Kevin W Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 15 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 109 IS - D5 SN - 0148-0227, 0148-0227 KW - United States KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - fungicides KW - carbon dioxide KW - mitigation KW - greenhouse effect KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - methane KW - pollutants KW - nitrous oxide KW - agriculture KW - pollution KW - atmosphere KW - Weld County Colorado KW - alkanes KW - organic compounds KW - mancozeb KW - chlorothalonil KW - hydrocarbons KW - grasslands KW - Nunn Colorado KW - Central Plains Experimental Range KW - pesticides KW - Colorado KW - field studies KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51814070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+the+fungicides+mancozeb+and+chlorothalonil+on+fluxes+of+CO+%28sub+2%29+%2C+N+%28sub+2%29+O%2C+and+CH+%28sub+4%29+in+a+fertilized+Colorado+grassland+soil&rft.au=Kinney%2C+Chad+A%3BMosier%2C+Arvin+R%3BFerrer%2C+Imma%3BFurlong%2C+Edward+T%3BMandernack%2C+Kevin+W&rft.aulast=Kinney&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=D5&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.issn=01480227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2003JD003655 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/jgr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 80 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; atmosphere; carbon dioxide; Central Plains Experimental Range; chlorothalonil; Colorado; experimental studies; field studies; fungicides; grasslands; greenhouse effect; hydrocarbons; mancozeb; methane; mitigation; nitrous oxide; Nunn Colorado; organic compounds; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; soils; United States; Weld County Colorado DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003655 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of vegetative furrows to mitigate copper loads and soil loss in runoff from polyethylene (plastic) mulch vegetable production systems AN - 21046191; 6007745 AB - The transport of runoff with high copper concentrations and sediment loads into adjacent surface waters can have adverse effects on nontarget organisms as a result of increased turbidity and degraded water quality. Runoff from vegetable production utilizing polyethylene mulch can contain up to 35% of applied copper, a widely used fungicide/bactericide that has adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Copper is primarily transported in runoff with suspended particulates; therefore, implementation of management practices that minimize soil erosion will reduce copper loads. Replacing bare-soil furrows with furrows planted in rye (Secale cereale) significantly improved the sustainability of vegetable production with polyethylene mulch and reduced the potential environmental impact of this management practice. Vegetative furrows decreased runoff volume by >40% and soil erosion by >80%. Copper loads with runoff were reduced by 72% in 2001, primarily as a result of reduced soil erosion since more than 88% of the total copper loads were transported in runoff with suspended soil particulates. Tomato yields in both years were similar between the polyethylene mulch plots containing either bare-soil or vegetative furrows. Replacing bare-soil furrows with vegetative furrows greatly reduces the effects of sediments and agrochemicals on sensitive ecosystems while maintaining crop yields. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Rice, P J AU - Harman-Fetcho, JA AU - Teasdale, J R AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - McConnell, L L AU - Coffman, C B AU - Herbert, R R AU - Heighton, L P AU - Hapeman, C J AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Quality Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, hapemanc@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 719 EP - 725 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Polyethylene KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Mulches KW - Vegetables KW - Surface water KW - Soil erosion KW - Copper KW - Water quality KW - Crops KW - Crop Yield KW - Lycopersicon esculentum KW - Bactericides KW - Plastics KW - Suspended Sediments KW - Furrows KW - Environmental impact KW - Suspended Load KW - Agrochemicals KW - Sediments KW - Fungicides KW - Nontarget organisms KW - Secale cereale KW - Soil Erosion KW - Turbidity KW - Side effects KW - Runoff KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - X 24330:Agrochemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21046191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Use+of+vegetative+furrows+to+mitigate+copper+loads+and+soil+loss+in+runoff+from+polyethylene+%28plastic%29+mulch+vegetable+production+systems&rft.au=Rice%2C+P+J%3BHarman-Fetcho%2C+JA%3BTeasdale%2C+J+R%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M%3BMcConnell%2C+L+L%3BCoffman%2C+C+B%3BHerbert%2C+R+R%3BHeighton%2C+L+P%3BHapeman%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=719&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mulches; Aquatic organisms; Vegetables; Surface water; Polyethylene; Environmental impact; Copper; Soil erosion; Water quality; Agrochemicals; Crops; Sediments; Bactericides; Fungicides; Nontarget organisms; Plastics; Runoff; Side effects; Turbidity; Suspended Sediments; Furrows; Suspended Load; Soil Erosion; Crop Yield; Lycopersicon esculentum; Secale cereale ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethnic Variation in Environmental Belief and Behavior. An Examination of the New Ecological Paradigm in a Social Psychological Context AN - 20801611; 10903953 AB - We use national-level data to test a modified version of Stern, Dietz, & Guagnano's causal model of environmental belief and behavior. We focus mainly on ethnic variation in environmental belief, as measured by the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP), and ethnic variation for four environmental behaviors: environmental reading, household recycling, environmental group joining, and participation in nature-based outdoor recreation. Blacks and foreign-born Latinos were less likely than Whites to score higher on the NEP. Any behavioral differences between Whites and the respective minority groups were expected to diminish with the inclusion of the NEP as an intervening variable in the model between ethnicity and behavior. However, ethnic differences remained stable and strong even when environmental belief was added. Overall, Asian American and U.S.-born Latino environmentalism was most similar to Whites. African American concern and behavior was least similar to White environmentalism. Gender, age, and liberal political orientation were also consistent explicators for both environmental concern and behavior. JF - Environment & Behavior AU - Johnson, Cassandra Y AU - Bowker, J M AU - Cordell, HKen AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, in Athens, Georgia Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 157 EP - 186 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9165, 0013-9165 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Age KW - Psychology KW - Politics KW - environmental perception KW - Recycling KW - Waste management KW - households KW - minority groups KW - Ethnic groups KW - environmentalism KW - Behavior KW - Recreation areas KW - Gender KW - Africa KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20801611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+%26+Behavior&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Variation+in+Environmental+Belief+and+Behavior.+An+Examination+of+the+New+Ecological+Paradigm+in+a+Social+Psychological+Context&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Cassandra+Y%3BBowker%2C+J+M%3BCordell%2C+HKen&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Cassandra&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment+%26+Behavior&rft.issn=00139165&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0013916503251478 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Politics; Psychology; environmentalism; Recycling; environmental perception; Waste management; households; Behavior; Recreation areas; Gender; Ethnic groups; minority groups; Africa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916503251478 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hermit Thrush is the First Observed Dispersal Agent for Pondberry (Lindera melissifolia) AN - 20713893; 6147731 AB - We investigated dispersal opportunities for the endangered pondberry, Lindera melissifolia (Lauraceae). In 199 hours of observation at 5 fruiting colonies in the Delta National Forest, Sharkey County, Mississippi, we recorded 82 bird species in the vicinity of a colony. Of these, 12 were observed on pondberry plants, and two consumed ripe pondberry fruits. Of these, the northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis (Cardinalidae), was a seed predator. The other, hermit thrush, Catharus guttatus (Turdidae), was a dispersal agent for the plants. Numbers of fruits declined rapidly after hermit thrushes arrived in October and no fruits remained by January. Winter behavior of hermit thrushes constrains their dispersal of seeds to short distances. Without establishment of additional colonies, pondberry dispersal by birds to unoccupied patches of suitable forest is unlikely. JF - Castanea AU - Smith, C G AU - Hamel, P B AU - Devall AU - Schiff, N M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, PO Box 227, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776-0227 Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Southern Appalachian Botanical Society VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0008-7475, 0008-7475 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Turdidae KW - Seed dispersal KW - Fruits KW - Cardinalidae KW - Predators KW - Colonies KW - Catharus guttatus KW - Lindera melissifolia KW - Cardinalis cardinalis KW - Dispersal KW - Lauraceae KW - Castanea KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20713893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Castanea&rft.atitle=Hermit+Thrush+is+the+First+Observed+Dispersal+Agent+for+Pondberry+%28Lindera+melissifolia%29&rft.au=Smith%2C+C+G%3BHamel%2C+P+B%3BDevall%3BSchiff%2C+N+M&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Castanea&rft.issn=00087475&rft_id=info:doi/10.2179%2F0008-7475%282004%290692.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0008-7475&volume=69&page=1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lindera melissifolia; Turdidae; Cardinalidae; Lauraceae; Catharus guttatus; Castanea; Cardinalis cardinalis; Dispersal; Fruits; Colonies; Predators; Seed dispersal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2179/0008-7475(2004)069<0001:HTITFO>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing crop residue cover using shortwave infrared reflectance AN - 20188659; 5856564 AB - Management of crop residues is an important consideration for reducing soil erosion and increasing soil organic carbon. Current methods of measuring residue cover are inadequate for characterizing the spatial variability of residue cover over large fields. The objectives of this research were to determine the spectral reflectance of crop residues and soils and to assess the limits of discrimination that can be expected in mixed scenes. Spectral reflectances of dry and wet crop residues plus three diverse soils were measured over the 400- 2400 nm wavelength region. Reflectance values for scenes with varying proportions of crop residues and soils were simulated. Additional spectra of scenes with mixtures of crop residues, green vegetation, and soil were also acquired in corn, soybean, and wheat fields with different tillage treatments. The spectra of dry crop residues displayed a broad absorption feature near 2100 nm, associated with cellulose-lignin, that was absent in spectra of soils. Crop residue cover was linearly related (r super(2)=0.89) to the Cellulose Absorption Index (CAI), which was defined as the relative depth of this absorption feature. Green vegetation cover in the scene attenuated CAI, but was linearly related to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, r super(2)=0.93). A novel method is proposed to assess soil tillage intensity classes using CAI and NDVI. Regional surveys of soil conservation practices that affect soil carbon dynamics may be feasible using advanced multispectral or hyperspectral imaging systems. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Daughtry, CST AU - Hunt, ER Jr AU - McMurtrey, JEIII AD - USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Building 007, Room 104, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA, cdaughtry@hydrolab.arsusda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 126 EP - 134 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 90 IS - 1 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Crop residue cover KW - Shortwave infrared reflectance KW - Soil erosion KW - Soil organic carbon KW - wheat KW - discrimination KW - crop residues KW - Residues KW - Organic carbon KW - Cellulose KW - Remote sensing KW - Vegetation KW - corn KW - Soil KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Carbon KW - vegetation cover KW - Absorption KW - Soil conservation KW - tillage KW - soybeans KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20188659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Assessing+crop+residue+cover+using+shortwave+infrared+reflectance&rft.au=Daughtry%2C+CST%3BHunt%2C+ER+Jr%3BMcMurtrey%2C+JEIII&rft.aulast=Daughtry&rft.aufirst=CST&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2003.10.023 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - wheat; crop residues; discrimination; Residues; Cellulose; Organic carbon; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Soil erosion; corn; Soil; Carbon; vegetation cover; Absorption; Soil conservation; tillage; soybeans; Triticum aestivum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.10.023 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increasing the phosphorus sorption capacity of southeastern coastal plain soils using water treatment residuals AN - 20188300; 5959380 AB - Long-term animal manure applications to many sandy Coastal Plain soils has resulted in the accumulation of excess soil phosphorus (P). When soils contain excessive P concentrations, dissolved phosphorus (DP) can be desorbed with water and transported into streams and rivers via runoff and leaching. The addition of DP into nutrient-sensitive Coastal aquatic ecosystems can then stimulate aquatic weed and algae growth and accelerate eutrophication. Augmenting a soil's P sorption capacity using alum-based water treatment residuals (WTRs) may be a new chemical-based method for increasing the soil's capacity to retain P. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if WTRs mixed into Autryville (Loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Arenic Paleudults) and Norfolk (Fineloamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults) soils could significantly increase their P sorption capacities. Water treatment residuals were obtained on two different occasions from a North Carolina municipal surface water treatment facility. Both WTRs (Gl and G2) were composed of fine-sized river sediments that were flocculated with liquid alum [Al sub(2)(SO sub(4)) sub(3)]. Phosphorus sorption isotherms were determined on the WTRs, the soils, and soil + WTR mixtures of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% (w/w). The P sorption maximums (P sub(max)) were determined from the linear form of the Langmuir equation. The P sub(max) values for G1 and G2 (175 and 85 mg P g super(-1), respectively) were significantly higher than the P sub(max) values for the Autryville or Norfolk soils (<1.0 mg P g super(-1)). Mixing WTRs into soils increased their P sub(max) values several-fold (between 1.7 to 8.5 mg P g super(-1)) relative to soils with no WTR addition. This experiment demonstrates the feasibility of using alum-based WTRs to increase a sandy soil's ability to sorb more P. Our results suggest that WTR incorporation into sandy soils has the potential to be a new chemical-based best management practice (BMP) for reducing off-site P transport. JF - Soil Science AU - Novak, J M AU - Watts, D W AD - USDA-ARS-Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas St Florence, SC 29501, USA, novak@florence.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 206 EP - 214 VL - 169 IS - 3 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Weeds KW - Soils (sandy) KW - Aquatic Weeds KW - Manure KW - Ecosystems KW - Phosphorus KW - Surface Water KW - Soil KW - Aluminum sulfate KW - Isotherms KW - Algae KW - Rivers KW - Sorption KW - Laboratories KW - Best Management Practices KW - Aquatic ecosystems KW - Runoff KW - Coastal Plains KW - Eutrophication KW - Surface water KW - Fluvial Sediments KW - Streams KW - Algal Growth KW - Water treatment KW - Water Treatment KW - Mathematical models KW - Leaching KW - Sediments KW - Capacity KW - Accumulation KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20188300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Increasing+the+phosphorus+sorption+capacity+of+southeastern+coastal+plain+soils+using+water+treatment+residuals&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M%3BWatts%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Sorption; Weeds; Soils (sandy); Manure; Leaching; Mathematical models; Surface water; Eutrophication; Phosphorus; Aquatic ecosystems; Streams; Sediments; Soil; Aluminum sulfate; Water treatment; Isotherms; Runoff; Algae; Aquatic Weeds; Ecosystems; Coastal Plains; Laboratories; Fluvial Sediments; Best Management Practices; Surface Water; Algal Growth; Water Treatment; Capacity; Accumulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Selection and Molecular Analysis of Domesticated Rainbow Trout for Enhanced Growth on Alternative Diet Sources AN - 19819507; 5876997 AB - Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to monitor the expression of specific genes and confirm that an alteration in level of expression correlates with changes in diet, metabolism, or immune response. To test these probe and primer sets for their ability to monitor changes in gene expression, groups of fish were experimentally challenged either via daylength, vitamin availability, or with pathogenic microorganisms. The probes and primers sets were then used to analyze expression levels of specific gene products from isolated RNA. The expression of certain genes such as myosin in muscle correlated significantly with protein intake and seasonal daylength. Other genes involved with growth and metabolism such as insulin-like growth factor and pyruvate kinase showed lower levels of significance in correlating with planes of nutrition and varied with diet and treatment. However differences for pyruvate kinase were found in early tests done with animals receiving a vitamin-reduced diet. For factors relating immunological status after infection with microbiological pathogens, several factors such as MX-1 and CD-8 correlated with dose of the viral pathogen infectious hematopoeitic necrosis virus. Association of pathogen dose with immunological expression level was much less pronounced when fish were tested with bacterial microorganisms. This work will aid in evaluating the effects of diet on fish health and nutrient utilization and for evaluating the effects of selection of trout strains. JF - Environmental Biology of Fishes AU - Overturf, K AU - Bullock, D AU - LaPatra, S AU - Hardy, R AD - USDA/ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, 3059-F National Fish Hatchery Road, Hagerman, ID 83332 U.S.A., kennetho@uidaho.edu Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 409 EP - 418 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 69 IS - 1-4 SN - 0378-1909, 0378-1909 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Diets KW - DNA probes KW - Muscles KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Nutrient utilization KW - Pathogens KW - Infection KW - Nutrition KW - Daylength KW - Pyruvate kinase KW - Myosin KW - Necrosis KW - RNA KW - Vitamins KW - Insulin-like growth factors KW - Microorganisms KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Primers KW - Immune response KW - Metabolism KW - V 22350:Immunology KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - J 02350:Immunology KW - G 07770:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19819507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.atitle=Genetic+Selection+and+Molecular+Analysis+of+Domesticated+Rainbow+Trout+for+Enhanced+Growth+on+Alternative+Diet+Sources&rft.au=Overturf%2C+K%3BBullock%2C+D%3BLaPatra%2C+S%3BHardy%2C+R&rft.aulast=Overturf&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Biology+of+Fishes&rft.issn=03781909&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AEBFI.0000022871.28836.5d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; DNA probes; Muscles; Pathogens; Nutrient utilization; Infection; Nutrition; Daylength; Pyruvate kinase; Myosin; Necrosis; RNA; Vitamins; Insulin-like growth factors; Microorganisms; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers; Immune response; Metabolism; Oncorhynchus mykiss DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EBFI.0000022871.28836.5d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technical note on a much simplified method for collecting ruminal fluid using a nylon paint strainer AN - 19505077; 8797813 AB - Collection of ruminal fluid for in vitro experimentation has traditionally been accomplished by straining rumen digesta through multiple layers of cheesecloth or other cumbersome filtering materials, such as surgical gauze, nylon tissues or wire gauzes. We here report a comparison of the gross physical, fermentative and microbial characteristics of ruminal fluid collected by straining through cheesecloth or through a nylon mesh paint strainer that, because of its pouched shape, is conveniently filled with digesta thus making the collection and straining process much easier. Whether strained through cheesecloth or the nylon mesh strainer, ruminal fluid did not differ (P > 0.05) in dry matter, neutral or acid detergent fiber content or in concentrations of total culturable anaerobes. Total amounts (mM) of volatile fatty acid or ammonia produced after 24 h of incubation of cheesecloth- or nylon mesh-strained ruminal fluid with added tryptose, SigmaCell 50 or starch did not differ (P > 0.05) thus indicating that the microbial populations within the strained fluids possessed similar abilities to ferment these test substrates. Because the physical, fermentative and microbial characteristics of the nylon mesh- and cheesecloth-strained ruminal fluid were essentially equivalent, we conclude that the much easier to use nylon mesh strainers can be incorporated into a faster, more convenient ruminal fluid straining method. Published in 2004 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture AU - Leyendecker, Sandra A AU - Callaway, Todd R AU - Anderson, Robin C AU - Nisbet, David J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food & Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA, anderson@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 387 EP - 389 PB - John Wiley & Sons, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 84 IS - 4 SN - 0022-5142, 0022-5142 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Nylon KW - Fibers KW - Rumen KW - Detergents KW - Ammonia KW - Volatile fatty acids KW - Dry matter KW - Starch KW - Paints KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19505077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Technical+note+on+a+much+simplified+method+for+collecting+ruminal+fluid+using+a+nylon+paint+strainer&rft.au=Leyendecker%2C+Sandra+A%3BCallaway%2C+Todd+R%3BAnderson%2C+Robin+C%3BNisbet%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Leyendecker&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.issn=00225142&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjsfa.1673 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nylon; Fibers; Rumen; Detergents; Ammonia; Volatile fatty acids; Dry matter; Starch; Paints DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1673 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suspended-sediment transport rates at the 1.5-year recurrence interval for ecoregions of the United States: transport conditions at the bankfull and effective discharge? AN - 19401095; 5845501 AB - Historical flow and suspended-sediment transport data from more than 2900 sites across the United States have been analyzed in the context of estimating flow and suspended-sediment transport conditions at the 1.5-year recurrence interval flow (Q sub(1.5)). This is particularly relevant with the renewed focus on stream restoration activities and the urgency in developing water- quality criteria for sediment. Data were sorted into the 84 Level III ecoregions to identify spatial trends in suspended-sediment concentrations and yields to meaningfully describe suspended-sediment transport rates across the United States. Arguments are developed that in lieu of form-based estimates of say the bankfull level, a flow of a given recurrence interval (Q sub(1.5)) is more appropriate to integrate suspended-sediment transport ratings for the purpose of defining long-term transport conditions at a site (the 'effective discharge'). The use of the Q sub(1.5) as a measure of the effective discharge for suspended-sediment transport is justified on the basis of literature reports and analytic results from hundreds of sites in 17 ecoregions that span a diverse range of hydrologic and topographic conditions (i.e. Coast Range, Arizona/New Mexico Plateau, Mississippi Valley Loess Plains, Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain). There is sufficient data to also develop regional curves for the Q sub(1.5) in all but eight of the ecoregions. At the Q sub(1.5) the highest median suspended-sediment concentrations occur in semiarid environments (Southwest Tablelands, Arizona/New Mexico Plateau and the Mojave Basin and Range); the highest yields occur in humid regions with erodible soils and steep slopes or channel gradients (Mississippi Valley Loess Plains [MVLP] and the Coast Range). Suspended-sediment yields for stable streams are used to determine 'background' or 'reference' sediment transport conditions in eight ecoregions where there is sufficient field data. The median value for stable sites within a given ecoregion are generally an order of magnitude lower than for nonstable sites. JF - Geomorphology AU - Simon, A AU - Dickerson, W AU - Heins, A AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157 Oxford, MS 38655, USA, asimon@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 243 EP - 262 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 58 IS - 1-4 SN - 0169-555X, 0169-555X KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - USA, Mississippi Valley KW - Historical account KW - Coastal Plains KW - USA, Coast Range KW - Basins KW - Soil erosion KW - Topographic effects KW - Freshwater KW - Streams KW - Environmental factors KW - Restoration KW - spatial distribution KW - ANW, USA, Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - Geomorphology KW - Sediment Yield KW - plains KW - Sediment transport KW - Coastal inlets KW - Discharge Measurement KW - Sediment Transport KW - Bankfull Stage KW - Sediment pollution KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Suspended Sediments KW - valleys KW - River discharge KW - Flow Discharge KW - Channels KW - plateaus KW - USA KW - Coastal zone KW - Semiarid environments KW - loess soils KW - USA, Arizona KW - geomorphology KW - Stream Discharge KW - Q2 09263:Topography and morphology KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19401095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geomorphology&rft.atitle=Suspended-sediment+transport+rates+at+the+1.5-year+recurrence+interval+for+ecoregions+of+the+United+States%3A+transport+conditions+at+the+bankfull+and+effective+discharge%3F&rft.au=Simon%2C+A%3BDickerson%2C+W%3BHeins%2C+A&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geomorphology&rft.issn=0169555X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2003.07.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Geomorphology; River discharge; Coastal inlets; Sediment transport; Topographic effects; Environmental factors; Restoration; Historical account; Sediment pollution; valleys; Basins; Soil erosion; Streams; Channels; plateaus; spatial distribution; Coastal zone; Semiarid environments; loess soils; plains; geomorphology; Sediment Transport; Bankfull Stage; Suspended Sediments; Coastal Plains; Sediment Yield; Flow Discharge; Stream Discharge; Discharge Measurement; USA, Mississippi Valley; USA, New Mexico; USA; ANW, USA, Atlantic Coastal Plain; USA, Coast Range; USA, Arizona; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.07.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stocking rate, precipitation, and herbage production on sand sagebrush-grassland AN - 19337607; 8697757 AB - Knowledge of the relationship between stocking rate or grazing intensity and plant production is fundamental to the sustainable management of rangelands. The general management paradigm is that plant production declines as stocking rate increases. Our objective was to determine the impact of stocking rate on herbaceous production of a sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia Torr.)-grassland. Stocking rates averaging 43, 57, and 85 animal-unit-days ha-1 (AUD ha-1) for year-round grazing were applied from 1941 to 1961. Herbaceous plant production was determined by sampling standing crop in temporary exclosures at the end of the growing season from 1958 to 1961, the last 4 years of the grazing study. Total herbaceous production averaged over stocking rates and years was 1,490 kg ha-1. Grasses contributed 89% of the total while forbs contributed 11%. Total production averaged 1,540, 1,470, and 1,450 kg ha-1 for stocking rates of 43, 57, and 85 AUD ha-1 y-1, respectively. There were no differences among stocking rates for total production or for the production of any individual grass species (P > 0.05). Forb production was also not affected by stocking rate, averaging 200, 140, and 120 kg ha-1 for stocking rates of 43, 57, and 85 AUD ha-1 y-1 (P > 0.05). Differences in production among years were much greater than differences among stocking rates for all vegetation components. Little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash] and sand lovegrass [Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood] showed the greatest responses to favorable precipitation. Herbaceous production of this sand sagebrush-grassland was little affected by 20 years of differential stocking rates. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Gillen, Robert L AU - Sims, Phillip L AD - Rangeland Scientists, Southern Plains Range Research Station, USDA-ARS, 2000 18th Street, Woodward, Okla. 73801 Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 148 EP - 152 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - grazing intensity KW - mixed prairie KW - biomass KW - composition KW - stocking rates KW - grazing KW - Grazing KW - Grasses KW - Forbs KW - Artemisia filifolia KW - Stocking rates KW - forbs KW - Wood KW - Vegetation KW - Sustainable development KW - Precipitation KW - Crops KW - Schizachyrium scoparium KW - plant production KW - Rangelands KW - Sand KW - Sampling KW - Eragrostis trichodes KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19337607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Stocking+rate%2C+precipitation%2C+and+herbage+production+on+sand+sagebrush-grassland&rft.au=Gillen%2C+Robert+L%3BSims%2C+Phillip+L&rft.aulast=Gillen&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rangelands; Grasses; Grazing; Sand; Forbs; Stocking rates; Sampling; Precipitation; plant production; stocking rates; grazing; Sustainable development; Vegetation; Wood; forbs; Crops; Schizachyrium scoparium; Artemisia filifolia; Eragrostis trichodes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0148:SRPAHP]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DEVELOPMENT AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HELIOTHINE CELL LINES FROM EMBRYONIC AND DIFFERENTIATED TISSUES AN - 19334453; 8696334 AB - The goal of this study was to generate cell lines from a variety of insect tissues that could be useful for developing in vitro assays with tissue-specific properties. In this article, we describe the establishment of new cell cultures from differentiated (primarily neural) and undifferentiated tissues (primarily embryonic) and their initial characterization. Cell lines were established from the following tissues of the budworm, Heliothis virescens, and the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea: larval ventral nerve cords (4 lines), larval midguts (1 line), adult ovaries (1 line), and embryonic tissues (11 lines). Cell lines were primarily characterized by morphological examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (both deoxyribonucleic acid amplification fingerprinting and inter-simple sequence repeats PCR). JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal AU - Goodman, Cynthia L AU - Wang, Amy A AU - NABLI, HENDA AU - McIntosh, Arthur H AU - Wittmeyer, Jennifer L AU - Grasela, James J AD - Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Missouri 65203-3535 (C. L. G., A. H. M., J. J. G.), Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (A. A. W.), Department of Entomology, University of Missouri, Missouri 65211 (H. N., J. L. W.), goodmanc@missouri.edu Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 89 EP - 94 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 1071-2690, 1071-2690 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Heliothis virescens KW - Helicoverpa zea KW - neural KW - midgut KW - PCR KW - Lepidoptera KW - Embryogenesis KW - Fingerprinting KW - ventral nerve cord KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Embryos KW - Cell culture KW - Ovaries KW - Midgut KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - Z 05330:Reproduction and Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19334453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.atitle=DEVELOPMENT+AND+PARTIAL+CHARACTERIZATION+OF+HELIOTHINE+CELL+LINES+FROM+EMBRYONIC+AND+DIFFERENTIATED+TISSUES&rft.au=Goodman%2C+Cynthia+L%3BWang%2C+Amy+A%3BNABLI%2C+HENDA%3BMcIntosh%2C+Arthur+H%3BWittmeyer%2C+Jennifer+L%3BGrasela%2C+James+J&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Animal&rft.issn=10712690&rft_id=info:doi/10.1290%2F1543-706X%282004%290402.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fingerprinting; Embryogenesis; ventral nerve cord; Polymerase chain reaction; Cell culture; Embryos; Midgut; Ovaries; Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1290/1543-706X(2004)040<0089:DAPCOH>2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prior infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica increases nasal colonization by Haemophilus parasuis in swine AN - 19257919; 5845713 AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether Bordetella bronchiseptica would predispose to colonization or disease with Haemophilus parasuis. Three experiments were completed. In the first experiment, three groups of pigs (10 pigs/group) were inoculated intranasally with either B. bronchiseptica, H. parasuis, or with B. bronchiseptica followed by H. parasuis 1 week later. A fourth group of 10 pigs served as a non-infected control group. The second experiment was like the first, except that there were only five pigs per experimental group. The third experiment consisted of only two groups (10 pigs/group), one of which was inoculated intranasally with H. parasuis, whereas the other was inoculated with B. bronchiseptica followed by H. parasuis 1 week later. Pigs were necropsied 1-2 weeks after inoculation with H. parasuis. Mean nasal colonization by H. parasuis was significantly higher in the coinfected groups compared to the groups infected with H. parasuis alone. Pneumonia was present in 9/25 pigs coinfected with B. bronchiseptica and H. parasuis, 5/25 pigs infected with H. parasuis alone, 1/15 pigs infected with B. bronchiseptica alone, and in none of the pigs in the non-inoculated groups. Thus, B. bronchiseptica increased colonization of the upper respiratory tract with H. parasuis. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Brockmeier, S L AD - Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2300 Dayton Avenue, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, sbrockme@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 75 EP - 78 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 99 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Colonization KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - Haemophilus parasuis KW - Nose KW - Infection KW - Respiratory tract KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19257919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Prior+infection+with+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+increases+nasal+colonization+by+Haemophilus+parasuis+in+swine&rft.au=Brockmeier%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Brockmeier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vetmic.2003.08.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Nose; Infection; Respiratory tract; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Haemophilus parasuis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.08.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A hierarchical approach for simulating northern forest dynamics AN - 19253417; 5839231 AB - Complexity in ecological systems has challenged forest simulation modelers for years, resulting in a number of approaches with varying degrees of success. Arguments in favor of hierarchical modeling are made, especially for considering a complex environmental issue like widespread eastern hemlock regeneration failure. We present the philosophy and basic framework for the NORTHern Woodland Dynamics Simulator (NORTHWDS) Integrated Hierarchical Model System (NIHMS). NIHMS has an individual tree component (the NORTHWDS Individual Response Model (NIRM)), a mesoscale stand simulator (NORTHWDS), and a landscape model (NORTHWDS Landscape Model (NLM, presented in another paper)). NIRM predicts the behavior of a tree given the physical and biotic environment that constrains its performance, using process-response functions at a scale larger than the individual plant. The NORTHWDS model integrates both the structure of the individual tree model (including tree growth and mortality functions) with a series of ecosystem processes (e.g. competition, site biogeochemistry, small- scale disturbance, deer browsing) and even larger scale events (e.g. catastrophic windthrow) to predict long-term stand dynamics on a 5-year simulation cycle. The boundaries in time and space between the NIRM, NORTHWDS, and NLM models are not discrete, but overlap due to the multiscale expression of ecological and physiological processes. For example, the NORTHWDS model represents both the intersection between the NIRM and NLM models with additional unique mesoscale processes (e.g. intertree competition). At the highest level of NIHMS, NLM provides the environmental context for NORTHWDS, with all levels operating in an internally consistent and parsimonious manner. Three case study scenarios are used to illustrate some of the potential applications of NIRM. Scenario 1: simulation of northern red oak survivorship, crown dynamics, diameter increment, and cumulative propagule production under different local stand densities; Scenario 2: the response of white ash along an available nitrogen gradient with respect to mortality, crown surface area, diameter growth, tree biomass, and propagule production; and Scenario 3: the survivorship and total propagule production of black spruce along a soil moisture gradient. Under Scenario 1, crown size decreased appreciably as local stand density increased from open-grown (<1 m super(2)/ha) to closed canopy conditions (15-30 m super(2)/ha), triggering reduced annual increment, lower established propagule production, and increased small tree mortality. Similarly, nitrogen (for white ash) and moisture (for black spruce) gradients significantly affected crown size and growth potential, with many of the same consequences as noted for increased competition in northern red oak. These predictions were consistent with ecological expectations for all scenarios except the black spruce moisture gradient response, which arose because of scale-related issues and the complexity of gradients. To evaluate NORTHWDS model behavior, a 36 ha synthetic stand resembling a hardwood-dominated forest from northern Wisconsin was simulated for 300 years using four windthrow disturbance scenarios (no windthrow, acute windthrow only, chronic windthrow only, and both types of windthrow). Acute (particularly severe but locally discrete and infrequent events) windthrow patterns were designed to generate many small, low intensity events, while chronic windthrow (pervasive yet low intensity cyclic loss of trees) losses depended on species, stature, rooting depth, and tree exposure. These scenarios were compared by examining differences in structural (i.e. biomass, tree richness) and compositional attributes for a number of key species. NORTHWDS predicted the maturation of a pole-sized aspen stand and its eventual conversion to a predominantly sugar maple forest. Quantitatively, aboveground biomass levels comparable to field data were forecast (up to 250-300 Mg/ha, depending on the scenario). The predicted dominance of sugar maple was also consistent with other regional studies, and can be attributed to its shade and browsing tolerance. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Bragg, D C AU - Roberts, D W AU - Crow, T R AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, UAM, P.O. Box 3516, Monticello, AR 71656-3516, USA, dbragg@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 31 EP - 94 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 173 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - Models KW - Methodology KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19253417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=A+hierarchical+approach+for+simulating+northern+forest+dynamics&rft.au=Bragg%2C+D+C%3BRoberts%2C+D+W%3BCrow%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Bragg&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecolmodel.2003.08.017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methodology; Forest management; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.08.017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethanol recovery from corn fiber hydrolysate fermentations by pervaporation AN - 19205929; 5785393 AB - Corn fiber, a byproduct of corn wet milling, is an attractive feedstock for biomass ethanol production. Corn fiber was hydrolyzed by dilute sulfuric acid and neutralized by one of two methods: conventional lime treatment or neutralization by strongly basic anion exchange. The anion exchange neutralized (AEN) hydrolysate contained substantially lower levels of the inhibiting compounds furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and acetic acid compared to the lime neutralized hydrolysate. In batch fermentations the ethanol yields and final ethanol concentration of the two hydrolysates were similar at 0.32-0.43 g/g and 29-44 g/l, respectively. Sugar consumption in the AEN fermentations was superior. Coupling of a membrane pervaporation unit to a fed-batch fermentation of AEN hydrolysate maintained the ethanol concentration below 25 g/l with complete sugar utilization for approximately 5 days. A concentrated ethanol stream of 17 wt.% ethanol was produced by the pervaporation unit. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - O'Brien, D J AU - Senske, GE AU - Kurantz, MJ AU - Craig, JC Jr AD - US Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, dobrien@arserrc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 15 EP - 19 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - 5-hydroxymethylfurfural KW - acetic acid KW - ethanol KW - furfural KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Fermentation KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysates KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19205929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Ethanol+recovery+from+corn+fiber+hydrolysate+fermentations+by+pervaporation&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+D+J%3BSenske%2C+GE%3BKurantz%2C+MJ%3BCraig%2C+JC+Jr&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2003.08.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; Biomass; Sugar; Hydrolysates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2003.08.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation of Upper Coastal Plain Depression Wetlands: Environmental Templates and Wetland Dynamics within a Landscape Framework AN - 18059901; 5902725 AB - Reference wetlands play an important role in efforts to protect wetlands and assess wetland condition. Because wetland vegetation integrates the influence of many ecological factors, a useful reference system would identify natural vegetation types and include models relating vegetation to important regional geomorphic, hydrologic, and geochemical properties. Across the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain, depression wetlands are a major hydrogeomorphic class with diverse characteristics. For 57 functional depression wetlands in the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina, we characterized the principal vegetation types and used a landscape framework to assess how local (wetland-level) factors and regional landscape settings potentially influence vegetation composition and dynamics. Wetland sites were stratified across three Upper Coastal Plain landscape settings that differ in soils, surface geology, topography, and land use. We sampled plant composition, measured relevant local variables, and analyzed historical transitions in vegetative cover types. Cluster analysis identified six vegetation types, ranging from open-water ponds and emergent marshes to closed forests. Significant vegetation-environment relationships suggested environmental 'templates' for plant community development. Of all local factors examined, wetland hydrologic regime was most strongly correlated with vegetation type, but depression size, soil textural type, and disturbance history were also significant. Because hydrogeologic settings influence wetland features, local factors important to vegetation were partly predictable from landscape setting, and thus wetland types were distributed non-randomly across landscape settings. Analysis of long-term vegetation change indicated relative stability in some wetlands and succession in others. We developed a landscape-contingent model for vegetation dynamics, with hydroperiod and fire as major driving variables. The wetland classification, environmental templates, and dynamics model provide a reference framework to guide conservation priorities and suggest possible outcomes of restoration or management. JF - Wetlands AU - De Steven, D AU - Toner, M M AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station Center for Forested Wetlands Research, 2730 Savannah Highway Charleston, South Carolina, USA 29414, ddesteven@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 23 EP - 42 PB - The Society of Wetland Scientists VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - landscaping KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Coastal Plains KW - Landscape KW - Geochemistry KW - Vegetation KW - Model Studies KW - Ecology KW - Vegetation cover KW - USA, South Carolina KW - Vegetation patterns KW - Geomorphology KW - Hydrology KW - Wetlands KW - Landscaping KW - Coasts KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - SW 0860:Water and plants KW - D 04200:Wetlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18059901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Vegetation+of+Upper+Coastal+Plain+Depression+Wetlands%3A+Environmental+Templates+and+Wetland+Dynamics+within+a+Landscape+Framework&rft.au=De+Steven%2C+D%3BToner%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=De+Steven&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0277-5212%282004%29024%280023%3AVOUCPD%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vegetation cover; Geomorphology; Geochemistry; Hydrology; Wetlands; Coasts; Vegetation patterns; Landscape; Ecology; Coastal Plains; Vegetation; Landscaping; Model Studies; USA, South Carolina DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0277-5212(2004)024(0023:VOUCPD)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Redescription of Megamelus scutellaris Berg (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a Candidate for Biological Control of Water Hyacinth AN - 18053174; 5902505 AB - To detect biocontrol agents of the invasive aquatic weed Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach (Pontederiaceae), surveys were conducted in the basins of the Parana and Uruguay rivers in Argentina and the basin of the Amazon river in Peru and Brazil. Among the captured delphacids, Megamelus scutellaris Berg was the most abundant. Berg originally described this species on the basis of a macropterous female. In this contribution, the macropterous and brachypterous male and the brachypterous female are described, and the holotype female is redescribed. Some biological aspects are recorded. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Sosa, A J AU - De Remes Lenicov, AMM AU - Mariani, R AU - Cordo, HA AD - USDA-ARS, South American Biological Control Laboratory (SABCL), Bolivar 1559 (B1686EFA) Hurlingham, Argentina, alejsosa@mail.retina.ar Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 271 EP - 275 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 2 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Delphacid planthoppers KW - Hemiptera KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Q5 01522:Protective measures and control KW - Z 05159:Adults KW - Q1 01485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18053174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Redescription+of+Megamelus+scutellaris+Berg+%28Hemiptera%3A+Delphacidae%29%2C+a+Candidate+for+Biological+Control+of+Water+Hyacinth&rft.au=Sosa%2C+A+J%3BDe+Remes+Lenicov%2C+AMM%3BMariani%2C+R%3BCordo%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Sosa&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%29097%280271%3AROMSBH%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=271 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097(0271:ROMSBH)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moving small mountains AN - 18032676; 6021090 AB - The concrete spillway is 125m long by 7.6-13.7m wide by 8.5m deep and the lake elevation is controlled by an ogee weir. As the concrete was 65 years old, and had been patched and grouted several times, the decision was made to overlay the vertical walls with 30cm of new concrete. The work included the removal and replacement of the floor and the sloped walls downstream of the stilling basin. A cellular wall that parallels the entrance to the spillway and makes up a portion of the spillway wall was also encased by new concrete. On the dam side of the cellular wall, the concrete installed on the vertical face of the cellular wall was 2.2m thick at the bottom and 0.9m thick at the top. Lifts of concrete for this placement were a maximum height of 3m. The contractor had to clean the exposed bedrock under the new portion of the cellular wall so that geological mapping data could be done. JF - International Water Power and Dam Construction AU - Peterson, S AD - USDA Forest Service - Eastern Region Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 29 EP - 31 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0306-400X, 0306-400X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - Weirs KW - Lakes KW - Stilling Basins KW - Spillways KW - Concrete Dams KW - Elevation KW - Downstream KW - Mapping KW - Bedrock KW - Dam Construction KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18032676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Water+Power+and+Dam+Construction&rft.atitle=Moving+small+mountains&rft.au=Peterson%2C+S&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Water+Power+and+Dam+Construction&rft.issn=0306400X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weirs; Lakes; Stilling Basins; Elevation; Concrete Dams; Spillways; Downstream; Mapping; Bedrock; Dam Construction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low Frequency Streamflow Regimes over the Central United States: 1939-1998 AN - 18024021; 5865383 AB - Intra- to multi-decadal (6-30 year) streamflow regimes over the central United States during the late 20th century are identified and investigated here through a two-stage analysis. The first stage ranks mean annual flow rates during 1939-1998, calculates Mann-Whitney U statistics from samples of those rankings over running time windows, and then tests those U statistics for significance. This analysis of the records of 42 Hydro-Climatic Data Network stations over the Great Plains and Midwest reveals consistent patterns of highly ranked annual streamflow during time windows at the end of the century, with most beginning during the late 1960s and early 1970s and ending in either 1997 or 1998. Many of these stations are located in a critical agricultural region known as the Corn Belt. The second stage of analysis compares both the duration of abnormal flow periods and the frequency of hydrological surplus and drought conditions during the high flow years indicated by the first stage, relative to the remaining years of 1939-1998. Among gage stations in the climatologically drier western Corn Belt during the 1980s and 1990s there is a clear tendency toward extended periods of above normal flow, which results in more than a doubling in the average annual frequency of hydrological surplus days relative to previous years. These stations also show more than a 50% reduction in the average annual frequency of hydrological drought days relative to previous years. Similar but less pronounced shifts in hydrological regime are evident in the central and eastern Corn Belt, and in the Mississippi River at Vicksburg during 1973-1998. These results indicate that many areas of the central United States have shifted toward a climate regime of relative hydrological surplus during the closing decades of the 20th century. JF - Climatic Change AU - Mauget, SA AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, USDA Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory, 3810 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79415, U.S.A., smauget@lbk.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 121 EP - 144 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 63 IS - 1-2 SN - 0165-0009, 0165-0009 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Agriculture KW - Hydrological Regime KW - USA, Mississippi, Mississippi R. KW - Climatic changes KW - River discharge KW - USA, Midwest KW - Streamflow KW - Stages KW - Drought KW - Corn cultivation KW - Corn Belt KW - Stream flow KW - Streamflow regime KW - USA, Great Plains KW - Flow Rates KW - Streamflow analysis KW - High Flow KW - Climatic Changes KW - Discharge Measurement KW - Droughts KW - M2 556.535:River regimes (556.535) KW - M2 551.579.4:Fluctuations of surface water (caused by precipitation) (551.579.4) KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18024021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climatic+Change&rft.atitle=Low+Frequency+Streamflow+Regimes+over+the+Central+United+States%3A+1939-1998&rft.au=Mauget%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Mauget&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climatic+Change&rft.issn=01650009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ACLIM.0000018502.86522.57 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Climatic changes; River discharge; Droughts; Stream flow; Streamflow regime; Streamflow analysis; Corn cultivation; Rivers; Hydrological Regime; Flow Rates; High Flow; Climatic Changes; Streamflow; Drought; Stages; Discharge Measurement; Corn Belt; USA, Great Plains; USA, Mississippi, Mississippi R.; USA, Midwest DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:CLIM.0000018502.86522.57 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of Acetaminophen Residues in Whole Body Brown Treesnakes AN - 18003866; 5959270 AB - Acetaminophen was extracted from brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) and analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Acetaminophen was quantified by UV absorbance at 250 nm. Recoveries were determined by analyzing acetaminophen-fortified blank homogenized tissue. The mean recovery of acetaminophen in whole body brown treesnakes was 87.9% plus or minus 5.9% and 92.2% plus or minus 5.8% for the fortification levels of 20 and 2400 mu g/g, respectively. The method's limit of detection (MLOD) with UV detection was 0.70 mu g/g. JF - Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies AU - Primus, T M AU - Kohler, D J AU - Furcolow, CA AU - Goodall, MJ AU - Johnston, J J AU - Savarie, P J AD - Analytical Chemistry Project, USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft. Collins, CO 80521, USA, thomas.m.primus@usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 897 EP - 909 VL - 27 IS - 5 SN - 1082-6076, 1082-6076 KW - Brown tree snake KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Residues KW - Boiga irregularis KW - Analgesics KW - Acetaminophen KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18003866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Liquid+Chromatography+%26+Related+Technologies&rft.atitle=Determination+of+Acetaminophen+Residues+in+Whole+Body+Brown+Treesnakes&rft.au=Primus%2C+T+M%3BKohler%2C+D+J%3BFurcolow%2C+CA%3BGoodall%2C+MJ%3BJohnston%2C+J+J%3BSavarie%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Primus&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Liquid+Chromatography+%26+Related+Technologies&rft.issn=10826076&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FJLC-120029706 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Boiga irregularis; Acetaminophen; Analgesics; High-performance liquid chromatography; Residues DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/JLC-120029706 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources of resistance to fumonisin accumulation in grain and fusarium ear and kernel rot of corn AN - 18000036; 5935839 AB - Fumonisin is a group of homologous mycotoxins produced by several species of Fusarium. Fumonisin has been associated with Fusarium ear and kernel rot of corn (Zea mays) and several toxicoses of animals and humans. Corn inbreds with a high level of resistance to fumonisin production and accumulation in grain have not been identified. The objective of this study was to evaluate a genetically diverse collection of inbreds as potential sources of resistance to fumonisin production and accumulation in grain and Fusarium ear and kernel rot when crossed with a commercial 'B73-type' line. F, hybrids developed with the inbred FR1064 and 1,589 and 1,030 inbreds were evaluated in inoculated and naturally infected trials, respectively, in 2000. Thirty-five F sub(1) hybrids with fumonisin concentration in grain of less than or equal to 5 mu g/g in both trials were selected. Inbreds from which these 35 F sub(1) hybrids were produced included yellow-, white-, and red-kernelled lines; flint and dent lines; and early- through late-maturing lines. In 2001, low fumonisin concentration in grain and low ear rot severity were associated with several of the F sub(1) hybrids and their distinct F sub(2), and backcross to FR1064 generations. This suggests that several dominant genes are involved in resistance and that alleles for resistance from these inbreds can be transferred to FR1064. JF - Phytopathology AU - Clements, MJ AU - Maragos, C M AU - Pataky, J K AU - White, D G AD - Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA, mclements@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 251 EP - 260 VL - 94 IS - 3 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - maize KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fusarium KW - Fumonisins KW - Plant diseases KW - Drug resistance KW - Mycotoxins KW - Zea mays KW - Inbreeding KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18000036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Sources+of+resistance+to+fumonisin+accumulation+in+grain+and+fusarium+ear+and+kernel+rot+of+corn&rft.au=Clements%2C+MJ%3BMaragos%2C+C+M%3BPataky%2C+J+K%3BWhite%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium; Zea mays; Plant diseases; Mycotoxins; Drug resistance; Inbreeding; Fumonisins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of temperature on sporulation of Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. obtusa, and B. rhodina AN - 17993676; 5935912 AB - Three Botryosphaeria spp. were grown on autoclaved apple and peach stems in cotton-plugged tubes with constant moisture at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 degree C to determine the effect of temperature on sporulation. Number of conidia per pycnidium was determined weekly from 4 to 10 weeks after inoculation. The experiment was repeated three times. Maximum sporulation occurred at 24 degree C with B. dothidea and at 18 and 24 degree C with B. obtusa. Spore production of both fungi showed a quadratic curvilinear response to temperature. Pycnidia were erumpent, typical of their habit in nature. Maximum sporulation of B. rhodina occurred at 12, 24, and 30 degree C instead of at a distinctive peak. Of the three fungi, B. rhodina produced the greatest number of conidia per pycnidium at all temperatures. Mycelia and pycnidia of B. rhodina grew on top of the bark, which is atypical of their habit in nature. For spore production by B. dothidea, there was a significant interaction between temperature and time. Maximum sporulation over the 10-week period occurred in week 4 and/or 6 for B. dothidea at 12, 18, and 24 degree C, with a linear response at 12 and 24 degree C (P < 0.05). Conidial maturation of B. obtusa and B. rhodina had a quadratic curvilinear response due to temperature, with a maximum maturation at 12, 18, and 24 degree C with B. obtusa and at 24 degree C with B. rhodina. Spore maturation would affect longevity of conidial viability. Maximum spore production over time and percent pigmented spores over time by B. obtusa, and spore maturation over time by B. rhodina occurred in weeks 8, 9, and 10 with a significant linear response (P < 0.05). All three Botryosphaeria spp. produced conidia over the 6 to 30 degree C range and over the 7-week period (weeks 4 to 10), with maximum sporulation or spore maturation at 18 to 24 degree C. JF - Plant Disease AU - Copes, W E AU - Hendrix, F F AD - Small Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA, wcopes@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 292 EP - 296 VL - 88 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Botryosphaeria obtusa KW - Sporulation KW - Botryosphaeria dothidea KW - Conidia KW - Mycelia KW - Pycnidia KW - A 01027:Fruit trees KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17993676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effect+of+temperature+on+sporulation+of+Botryosphaeria+dothidea%2C+B.+obtusa%2C+and+B.+rhodina&rft.au=Copes%2C+W+E%3BHendrix%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Copes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Botryosphaeria dothidea; Botryosphaeria obtusa; Sporulation; Conidia; Mycelia; Pycnidia; Temperature effects ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rice Pi-ta gene confers resistance to the major pathotypes of the rice blast fungus in the United States AN - 17988442; 5935844 AB - The Pi-ta gene in rice prevents the infection by Magnaporthe grisea strains containing the AVR-Pita avirulence gene. The presence of Pi-ta in rice cultivars was correlated completely with resistance to two major pathotypes, IB-49 and IC-17, common in the U.S. blast pathogen population. The inheritance of resistance to IC-17 was investigated further using a marker for the resistant Pi-ta allele in an F sub(2) population of 1,345 progeny from a cross of cv. Katy with experimental line RU9101001 possessing and lacking, respectively, the Pi-ta resistance gene. Resistance to IC-17 was conferred by a single dominant gene and Pi-ta was not detected in susceptible individuals. A second F sub(2) population of 377 individuals from a reciprocal cross between Katy and RU9101001 was used to verify the conclusion that resistance to IC-17 was conferred by a single dominant gene. In this cross, individuals resistant to IC-17 also were resistant to IB-49. The presence of Pi-ta and resistance to IB-49 also was correlated with additional crosses between 'Kaybonnet' and 'M-204', which also possess and lack Pi-ta, respectively. A pair of primers that specifically amplified a susceptible pi-ta allele was developed to verify the absence of Pi-ta. We suggest that Pi-ta is responsible for resistance to IB-49 and IC-17 and that both races contain AVR-Pita genes. JF - Phytopathology AU - Jia, Y AU - Wang, Z AU - Fjellstrom, R G AU - Moldenhauer, KAK AU - Azam, MA AU - Correll, J AU - Lee, F N AU - Xia, Y AU - Rutger, J N AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA, yjia@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 296 EP - 301 VL - 94 IS - 3 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Pi-ta gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Magnaporthe grisea KW - USA KW - Plant diseases KW - Genotyping KW - Oryza sativa KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Inheritance KW - Disease resistance KW - Blast KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01030:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17988442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Rice+Pi-ta+gene+confers+resistance+to+the+major+pathotypes+of+the+rice+blast+fungus+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Jia%2C+Y%3BWang%2C+Z%3BFjellstrom%2C+R+G%3BMoldenhauer%2C+KAK%3BAzam%2C+MA%3BCorrell%2C+J%3BLee%2C+F+N%3BXia%2C+Y%3BRutger%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Jia&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Plant diseases; Genotyping; Polymerase chain reaction; Inheritance; Disease resistance; Blast; Magnaporthe grisea; Oryza sativa; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of Pythium irregulare on lentils in the United States AN - 17987518; 5935917 AB - In late June and early July 2002, stunted, chlorotic, and partially defoliated lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.) were observed throughout the lentil-growing areas of eastern Washington. These symptoms were investigated in two fields near Garfield, WA and one field near Genesee, ID. Cv. Mason was more affected than cv. Brewer. Roots were dry and brittle with black discoloration in some cases. Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani were obtained from washed roots plated on water agar, but they were nonpathogenic in greenhouse testing in pasteurized field soil and peat-based growing mixes. On 21 April 2003, volunteer lentils growing in the same fields showed symptoms of root rot, and Pythium oospores were observed in the roots. Pythium spp. were isolated by using a selective medium (2). Oospores were aplerotic, intercalary, 12.6 to 21 mu m long times 11.2 to 18.2 mu m wide, mostly smooth, and often formed in chains. Isolates resembled P. paroecandrum Drechs. and P. irregulare Buisman on the basis of morphological characters (3), but DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region were closer to P. irregulare on the basis of a comparison with a worldwide database of Pythium sequences (C. A. Levesque, personal communication). Isolates were deposited with the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Pullman, WA. Four hyphal-tip isolates were tested in the greenhouse with inoculum grown in autoclaved sandy loam amended with 1% ground rolled oats. Experiments were performed twice in Thatuna silt loam, first in pasteurized and then in nonpasteurized soil. Inoculum was added to the soil at 500 CFU/g, and seeds were planted on the same day. Each isolate was tested on cvs. Brewer and Mason, with five replicates per treatment. Plants were grown in 4- times 20.5-cm plastic tubes (two plants per tube) for 1 month at 16 to 22 degree C and supplemented with 14 h of light per day. P. irregulare was reisolated from infected roots in both experiments. Damping-off. stunting, chlorosis, and root rot were observed in the Pythium-inoculated treatments, which corresponded to symptoms observed in the field in 2002. In pasteurized soil, only one isolate reduced the whole, dry, plant weight of Brewer, but the other three isolates reduced the dry weight of Mason. All isolates reduced the root dry weight of Mason in natural soil, but only two isolates reduced the root dry weight of Brewer. To our knowledge, Pythium spp., but not P. irregulare, have been reported previously from lentils (1). P. irregulare also causes root rot on winter wheat, which is rotated with lentils, and this pathogen likely causes yield reduction in both crops. JF - Plant Disease AU - Paulitz, T C AU - Dugan, F AU - Chen, W AU - Grunwald, N J AD - USDA-ARS, Washington State University, Pullman 99163-6430, USA Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 310 VL - 88 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - lentil KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Oospores KW - Plant diseases KW - Genotyping KW - Pythium irregulare KW - Lens culinaris KW - Media (selective) KW - USA, Washington KW - Spacer region KW - DNA KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01025:Leguminous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17987518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+Pythium+irregulare+on+lentils+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Paulitz%2C+T+C%3BDugan%2C+F%3BChen%2C+W%3BGrunwald%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Paulitz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pythium irregulare; Lens culinaris; USA, Washington; Plant diseases; Media (selective); Oospores; DNA; Spacer region; Genotyping ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of white pine blister rust on rocky mountain bristlecone pine AN - 17987148; 5935920 AB - White pine blister rust caused by Cronartium ribicola was introduced into North America in the early 20th century and is spreading throughout the range of five-needle pines. In northern Colorado, this pathogen was first observed in 1998 on limber pine (Pinus flexilis) (1). It has not been reported on Rocky Mountain or Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata and P. longaeva, respectively) in nature. However, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine is susceptible to the disease when artificially inoculated (2). In October 2003, a Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine was found infected with C. ribicola in the Great Sand Dunes National Monument, Alamosa County, Colorado. Seven branch cankers were observed on the tree. Cankers ranged in length from 15 to 41 cm and were estimated to be approximately 5 to 7 years old. Distinct C. ribicola branch symptoms were observed, including flagging, spindle-shaped swellings, and 6 mm long aecial scars. A branch was deposited at the Colorado State Herbarium. Microscopic examination of spores within remnant aecial blisters revealed aeciospores characteristic of C. ribicola (yellow-orange, ellipsoid, verrucose, and 19 times 25 mu m). Cankers were only observed on one bristlecone pine. However, most limber pines in the area were infected with C. ribicola, including a limber pine less than 1 m from the infected bristlecone pine. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine can become infected naturally, and the pathogen is further south in Colorado on limber pine than previously reported. These observations suggest the need for a more complete investigation of this disease on bristlecone pines. JF - Plant Disease AU - Blodgett, J T AU - Sullivan, K F AD - USDA-Forest Service, Forest Health Management, 1730 Samco Road, Rapid City, SD 57702, USA Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 311 VL - 88 IS - 3 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - White-pine blister rust KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Canker KW - Plant diseases KW - Cronartium ribicola KW - Pinus aristata KW - Blister rust KW - USA, Colorado KW - Microscopy KW - Spores KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17987148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+white+pine+blister+rust+on+rocky+mountain+bristlecone+pine&rft.au=Blodgett%2C+J+T%3BSullivan%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Blodgett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pinus aristata; Cronartium ribicola; USA, Colorado; Plant diseases; Blister rust; Canker; Spores; Microscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does menarche mark a period of elevated resting metabolic rate? AN - 17986585; 5907832 AB - Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition were measured in 44 initially non-overweight girls at three time points relative to menarche: premenarche (Tanner stage 1 or 2), menarche ( plus or minus 6 mo), and 4 yr after menarche. Mean absolute RMR was 1,167, 1,418, and 1,347 kcal/day, respectively. Absolute RMR was statistically significantly higher at menarche than at 4 yr after menarche despite statistically significantly less fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM), suggesting an elevation in RMR around the time of menarche. The pattern of change in RMR, adjusted for FFM, log transformed FM, age, race, parental overweight, and two interactions (visit by parental overweight, parental overweight by FFM), was also considered. Adjusted RMR did not differ statistically between the visits for girls with two normal-weight parents. For girls with at least one overweight parent, adjusted RMR was statistically significantly lower 4 yr after menarche than at premenarche or menarche. Thus parental overweight may influence changes that occur in RMR during adolescence in girls. JF - American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism AU - Spadano, J L AU - Bandini, L G AU - Must, A AU - Dallal, GE AU - Dietz, W H AD - Epidemiology Dept., Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA at Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA, jennifer.spadano@tufts.edu Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - E456 EP - E462 PB - American Physiological Society VL - 286 IS - 3 SN - 0193-1849, 0193-1849 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Weight KW - Girls KW - Adolescence KW - Menstruation KW - Basal metabolic rate KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17986585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physiology%3A+Endocrinology+and+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Does+menarche+mark+a+period+of+elevated+resting+metabolic+rate%3F&rft.au=Spadano%2C+J+L%3BBandini%2C+L+G%3BMust%2C+A%3BDallal%2C+GE%3BDietz%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Spadano&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=E456&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Physiology%3A+Endocrinology+and+Metabolism&rft.issn=01931849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Basal metabolic rate; Menstruation; Weight; Obesity; Adolescence; Girls ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil Respiration Rates of Tropical Peatlands in Micronesia and Hawaii AN - 17952590; 5902729 AB - There are very few published reports of soil respiration rates from tropical peatlands, despite their importance to global carbon cycling. This study quantified in situ soil respiration rates in a suite of tropical peatlands in Micronesia and Hawaii using a soil CO2 flux chamber connected to a LI-COR 6400 Portable Photosynthesis Infrared Gas Analyzer. Soil respiration rates were higher in the warmer Micronesian peatlands (2.15-2.54 u mol m-2 s-1) than in the cooler Hawaiian montane peatlands (0.83-1.81 u mol m-2 s-1). The lone exception was the taro-cultivated peatland in Micronesia that had low soil respiration rates likely due to low amount of litterfall, root biomass, and root production. Deep standing water decreased soil respiration rates, while lowered water levels had mixed effects on soil respiration rates. Surprisingly, measured soil respiration rates were lower than rates measured in temperate and boreal peatlands in the summer. However, soil respiration rates in tropical peatlands are not limited by large diurnal or seasonal changes and can continue respiring at the same rates, resulting in higher annual CO2 flux rates compared to other non-tropical peatlands. JF - Wetlands AU - Chimner, R A AD - USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 323 Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 96813, rchimner@nrel.colostate.edu Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 51 EP - 56 PB - The Society of Wetland Scientists VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0277-5212, 0277-5212 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Bogs KW - ISEW, Pacific, Micronesia KW - Respiration KW - ISE, USA, Hawaii KW - Carbon cycle KW - Tropical Regions KW - Peat KW - Sediment properties KW - Tropical environment KW - Soils KW - Wetlands KW - Soil Properties KW - Carbon Cycle KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17952590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetlands&rft.atitle=Soil+Respiration+Rates+of+Tropical+Peatlands+in+Micronesia+and+Hawaii&rft.au=Chimner%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Chimner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wetlands&rft.issn=02775212&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0277-5212%282004%29024%280051%3ASRROTP%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment properties; Tropical environment; Respiration; Soils; Carbon cycle; Wetlands; Carbon dioxide; Peat; Bogs; Tropical Regions; Soil Properties; Carbon Cycle; ISEW, Pacific, Micronesia; ISE, USA, Hawaii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0277-5212(2004)024(0051:SRROTP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression of adhesion molecules on milk and blood lymphocytes from periparturient dairy cattle with Johne's disease AN - 17947398; 5897222 AB - Twelve dairy cows infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were monitored for lymphocyte subsets and expression of adhesion molecules on cells in blood and milk at parturition and at intervals up to 21 days post-partum. Using fluorescent antibody labeling of cells and analysis by flow cytometry, we determined percentages of T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, gamma delta +) and expression of adhesion molecules (CD62L, LFA-1, LPAM-1, and CD44) on cells from blood and milk of these cows. Significantly higher percentages of CD8+ cells were found in milk than in blood at all time points; there were no significant differences in percentages of CD4+ or gamma delta + cells. CD62L, LFA-1, and LPAM-1 were expressed on a significantly higher percentage of all T cell subsets in milk than in blood at various times after parturition. No differences were seen in expression of CD44. Increased percentages of T lymphocytes expressing adhesion molecules in milk compared to blood suggest that a migratory population of cells is being selectively recruited to the mammary gland from the circulation. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Harp, JA AU - Stabel, J R AU - Pesch, BA AU - Goff, J P AD - Periparturient Diseases of Cattle Research Unit, Ames, IA 50010, USA, jharp@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 69 EP - 76 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 98 IS - 1-2 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Flow cytometry KW - Paratuberculosis KW - Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis KW - Parturition KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Cell adhesion molecules KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06837:Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17947398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=Expression+of+adhesion+molecules+on+milk+and+blood+lymphocytes+from+periparturient+dairy+cattle+with+Johne%27s+disease&rft.au=Harp%2C+JA%3BStabel%2C+J+R%3BPesch%2C+BA%3BGoff%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Harp&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vetimm.2003.10.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis; Paratuberculosis; Cell adhesion molecules; Lymphocytes T; Flow cytometry; Parturition DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.10.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of phytoplasma strains in the elm yellows group (16SrV) and proposal of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi' for the phytoplasma associated with elm yellows AN - 17938678; 5876256 AB - Elm yellows group (16SrV) phytoplasmas, which are associated with devastating diseases in elm, grapevine, blackberry, cherry, peach and several other plant species in America, Europe and Asia, represent one of the most diverse phytoplasma clusters. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, elm yellows group phytoplasmas form a discrete subclade within the phytoplasma clade. Three phylogenetic parameters, namely 16S rRNA, ribosomal protein and secY genes, have been evaluated for their usefulness in differentiating elm yellows group phytoplasmas. RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA sequences differentiated the elm yellows group phytoplasmas into five subgroups. Twelve RFLP subgroups were differentiated on the basis of ribosomal protein and 13 were differentiated using secY gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal protein genes and secY gene alone or in combination indicated that the subgroups constitute 12 genetically distinct lineages, each of which appears to have evolved under different ecological constraints such as specific vector or plant hosts. On the basis of unique DNA and biological properties, it is proposed that the elm yellows phytoplasma EY1 super(T) represents a novel taxon, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi'. JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Lee, Ing-Ming AU - Martini, M AU - Marcone, C AU - Zhu, Shifang F AD - USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 337 EP - 347 VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Plant diseases KW - Ribosomal proteins KW - Phytoplasma ulmi KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - secY gene KW - Taxonomy KW - rRNA 16S KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17938678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Classification+of+phytoplasma+strains+in+the+elm+yellows+group+%2816SrV%29+and+proposal+of+%27Candidatus+Phytoplasma+ulmi%27+for+the+phytoplasma+associated+with+elm+yellows&rft.au=Lee%2C+Ing-Ming%3BMartini%2C+M%3BMarcone%2C+C%3BZhu%2C+Shifang+F&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Ing-Ming&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fijs.0.02697-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phytoplasma ulmi; Plant diseases; Phylogeny; rRNA 16S; Ribosomal proteins; secY gene; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Taxonomy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02697-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural Attributes of Schizachyrium scoparium in Restored Texas Blackland Prairies AN - 17930554; 5875555 AB - Structural attributes of the C sub(4), perennial bunchgrass Schizachyrium scoparium in restored prairies may be affected by the time since restoration. One hundred plants each in 8-, 17-, and 23-year-old restored prairies and a native Texas Blackland prairie were assessed for the presence/absence and diameter of a hollow crown (i.e., dead center portion), degree of fragmentation, plant height, and tiller density. Structural attributes of S. scoparium plants were generally (1) different between recent (8 years) and older (17 and 23 years) restored prairies (2) similar between the 17- and 23-year-old restored prairies, and (3) more similar between the 8- and 17-year restored prairies and the native, remnant prairie than between the 23-year restored prairie and the native prairie. Plants were shorter in restored prairies, regardless of time since restoration, than in the native prairie. Mean basal area of plants was 80-163% greater in the 17- and 23-year restored prairies compared with the native and 8-year restored prairies. Percentage of hollow crowns and fragmentation was smallest in the 8-year restored prairie, largest in the 17- and 23-year restored prairies, and intermediate in the native prairie. Tiller density exhibited inverse second-order polynomial decreases with increasing plant basal area for all prairies. In contrast to tiller density, diameter of hollow crowns increased logarithmically with increasing plant basal area. Structural attributes of S. scoparium in restored prairies changed predictably with age, despite growing in different communities. JF - Restoration Ecology AU - Derner, J D AU - Polley, H W AU - Johnson, H B AU - Tischler, C R AD - USDA-ARS, High Plains Grasslands Research Station, Cheyenne, WY 82009, U.S.A. Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 80 EP - 84 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 1061-2971, 1061-2971 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Schizachyrium scoparium KW - Prairies KW - Environmental restoration KW - USA, Texas KW - D 04715:Reclamation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17930554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Restoration+Ecology&rft.atitle=Structural+Attributes+of+Schizachyrium+scoparium+in+Restored+Texas+Blackland+Prairies&rft.au=Derner%2C+J+D%3BPolley%2C+H+W%3BJohnson%2C+H+B%3BTischler%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Derner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Restoration+Ecology&rft.issn=10612971&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1061-2971.2004.00272.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Schizachyrium scoparium; USA, Texas; Prairies; Environmental restoration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00272.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A New Resource for Cereal Genomics: 22K Barley GeneChip Comes of Age AN - 17920598; 5876060 AB - In recent years, access to complete genomic sequences, coupled with rapidly accumulating data related to RNA and protein expression patterns, has made it possible to determine comprehensively how genes contribute to complex phenotypes. However, for major crop plants, publicly available, standard platforms for parallel expression analysis have been limited. We report the conception and design of the new publicly available, 22K Barley1 GeneChip probe array, a model for plants without a fully sequenced genome. Array content was derived from worldwide contribution of 350,000 high-quality ESTs from 84 cDNA libraries, in addition to 1,145 barley (Hordeum vulgare) gene sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information nonredundant database. Conserved sequences expressed in seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum), oat (Avena strigosa), rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and maize (Zea mays) were identified that will be valuable in the design of arrays across grasses. To enhance the usability of the data, BarleyBase, a MIAME-compliant, MySQL relational database, serves as a public repository for raw and normalized expression data from the Barley1 GeneChip probe array. Interconnecting links with PlantGDB and Gramene allow BarleyBase users to perform gene predictions using the 21,439 non-redundant Barley1 exemplar sequences or cross-species comparison at the genome level, respectively. We expect that this first generation array will accelerate hypothesis generation and gene discovery in disease defense pathways, responses to abiotic stresses, development, and evolutionary diversity in monocot plants. JF - Plant Physiology AU - Close, T J AU - Wanamaker, SI AU - Caldo, R A AU - Turner, S M AU - Ashlock, DA AU - Dickerson, JA AU - Wing, R A AU - Muehlbauer, G J AU - Kleinhofs, A AU - Wise, R P AD - Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA, rpwise@iastate.edu Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 960 EP - 968 VL - 134 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0889, 0032-0889 KW - BarleyBase KW - Wheat KW - maize KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Gene expression KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - Sorghum bicolor KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Avena strigosa KW - Gene libraries KW - cDNA KW - Zea mays KW - expressed sequence tags KW - DNA microarrays KW - G 07358:Monocotyledons (crops) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17920598?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Physiology&rft.atitle=A+New+Resource+for+Cereal+Genomics%3A+22K+Barley+GeneChip+Comes+of+Age&rft.au=Close%2C+T+J%3BWanamaker%2C+SI%3BCaldo%2C+R+A%3BTurner%2C+S+M%3BAshlock%2C+DA%3BDickerson%2C+JA%3BWing%2C+R+A%3BMuehlbauer%2C+G+J%3BKleinhofs%2C+A%3BWise%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Close&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=960&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Physiology&rft.issn=00320889&rft_id=info:doi/10.1104%2Fpp.103.034462 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Avena strigosa; Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; cDNA; Gene expression; DNA microarrays; Gene libraries; expressed sequence tags DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.034462 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Hot Water and Hydrogen Peroxide Treatments on Survival of Salmonella and Microbial Quality of Whole and Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe AN - 17902018; 5863505 AB - Cantaloupe melon has been associated with outbreaks of salmonellosis. Contamination might be introduced into the flesh from the rind by cutting or by contact of cut pieces with contaminated rinds. Our objectives were to investigate the efficacy of hot water or hot 5% hydrogen peroxide treatments in reducing the population of native microflora and inoculated Salmonella on cantaloupe rind and transfer to fresh-cut tissue during cutting. Whole cantaloupes, inoculated with a cocktail of Salmonella serovars to give 4.6 logCFU/cm super(2) and stored at 5 or 20 degree C for up to 5 days, were treated with hot water (70 or 97 degree C) or 5% hydrogen peroxide (70 degree C) for 1 min at 0, 1, 3, or 5 days postinoculation. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria and yeast and mold on treated whole melon and fresh-cut pieces were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by all three treatments. Treatments with hot water (70 and 97 degree C) caused a 2.0- and 3.4-logCFU/cm super(2) reduction of Salmonella on whole cantaloupe surfaces irrespective of days of postinoculation storage prior to treatment up to 5 days at 5 or 20 degree C, respectively. Treatment with 5% hydrogen peroxide (70 degree C) caused a 3.8-logCFU/cm super(2) reduction of Salmonella. Fresh-cut pieces prepared from untreated inoculated melons and those treated with 70 degree C hot water were positive for Salmonella. However, fresh-cut pieces prepared from inoculated whole melon dipped in water (97 degree C) or hydrogen peroxide (70 degree C) for 60 s were negative for Salmonella, as determined by dilution plating onto agar medium, but were positive after enrichment at days 3 and 5 of storage at 5 degree C. The ability to detect Salmonella in fresh-cut pieces was dependent on the initial level of inoculation. The results of this study indicate that the use of hot water (97 degree C) or heated hydrogen peroxide to reduce the population of Salmonella on contaminated whole cantaloupes will enhance the microbial safety of the fresh-cut product. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Ukuku, DO AU - Pilizota, V AU - Sapers, G M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 432 EP - 437 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - hot water KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Hot KW - Food contamination KW - Water KW - heat treatments KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - hydrogen peroxide KW - Food quality KW - Heat treatments KW - Salmonella KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17902018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Hot+Water+and+Hydrogen+Peroxide+Treatments+on+Survival+of+Salmonella+and+Microbial+Quality+of+Whole+and+Fresh-Cut+Cantaloupe&rft.au=Ukuku%2C+DO%3BPilizota%2C+V%3BSapers%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Ukuku&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; heat treatments; Food contamination; hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen peroxide; Hot; Water; Heat treatments; Food quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somatic Embryo Initiation And Germination In Diploid Cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) AN - 17772593; 5923515 AB - The diploid cotton species can constitute a valuable gene pool for the more agronomically desirable cultivated tetraploid cultivars and offer better opportunities to study gene structure and function through gene knockouts. In order to exploit these advantages, a regeneration system is required to achieve these transformation-based goals. Carbohydrate source and concentration were evaluated to improve somatic embryo (SE) production and desiccation treatments to improve the conversion efficiency of SEs to plants in a diploid Gossypium arboreum accession, A2-9 (PI-529712). Improved SE numbers and their subsequent conversion into plantlets was achieved with a Murashige and Skoog (MS) /sucrose-based medium M2 [0.04 M sucrose, 0.3 mu M alpha -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)]. On this medium, 219 embryos per g initiated, and close to 11% of these embryos germinated into plantlets. Neither a 5-d desiccation treatment of embryogenic callus previously cultured in liquid medium nor filter paper insertion improved the numbers of SEs induced or their conversion to plantlets. A 3-d desiccation period resulted in improved plant regeneration. When immature G. arboreum SEs induced on M1 (0.2 M glucose, 2.6 mu M NAA, and 0.2 mu M kinetin) medium underwent a 3-d desiccation treatment, 49% of these immature SEs were converted to plantlets after a 4-wk period on M2 medium. These improved results will help to pave the way for future genetic transformation and associated gene structure and function studies utilizing G. arboreum . These results, in particular the 3-d desiccation treatment, can also be incorporated into regeneration protocols to improve the regeneration efficiency of other Gossypium species. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Sakhanokho, H F AU - Zipf, A AU - Rajasekaran, K AU - Saha, S AU - Sharma, G C AU - Chee, P W AD - University of Georgia, CAES, NESPAL, Tifton, GA 31793, krajah@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 177 EP - 181 PB - Society for In Vitro Biology VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Germination KW - Gene pool KW - Diploids KW - Gossypium arboreum KW - Plantlets KW - Structure-function relationships KW - Somatic embryos KW - Embryos KW - Desiccation KW - W2 32440:Plant breeding KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17772593?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=Somatic+Embryo+Initiation+And+Germination+In+Diploid+Cotton+%28Gossypium+arboreum+L.%29&rft.au=Sakhanokho%2C+H+F%3BZipf%2C+A%3BRajasekaran%2C+K%3BSaha%2C+S%3BSharma%2C+G+C%3BChee%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Sakhanokho&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F1054-5476%282004%29040%280177%3ASEIAGI%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1054-5476&volume=40&page=177 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gossypium arboreum; Plantlets; Desiccation; Diploids; Structure-function relationships; Somatic embryos; Embryos; Germination; Gene pool DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/1054-5476(2004)040(0177:SEIAGI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the Incorporation of Oleate and Ricinoleate into Phosphatidylcholines and Acylglycerols in Soybean Microsomes AN - 17498982; 6385130 AB - The incorporations of oleate (endogenous) and ricinoleate (nonendogenous) into phosphatidylcholine (PC) and acylglycerol (AG) in immature soybean microsomes were compared. [ super(14)C]Oleate and [ super(14)C]ricinoleate were incubated individually with soybean microsomal preparations for up to 4 h, and molecular species of PC and AG incorporated were identified and quantified by HPLC. The activities of acyl CoA:lysoPC acyltransferase and phospholipase A sub(2) are in general not affected by the fatty acid (FA) chain at the sn-1 position. However, comparison between oleate and ricinoleate revealed that different FA incorporated at sn-2 of PC showed some different selection of the molecular species of lysoPC. The incorporation of [ super(14)C]ricinoleate into triacylglycerols (TAG) was slightly better than that of [ super(14)C]oleate and indicated that soybean was capable of incorporating ricinoleate into TAG when ricinoleate can be produced endogenously in a transgenic soybean. The incorporation of FA into TAG in soybean microsomes was much slower than that in castor microsomes. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Lin, Jiann-Tsyh AU - Ikeda, MD AU - McKeon, T A AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 1152 EP - 1156 VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Ricinoleic acid KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Microsomes KW - Phospholipase A2 KW - Lecithin KW - Soybeans KW - Acyltransferase KW - Fatty acids KW - triacylglycerol KW - acylglycerols KW - Oleic acid KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32380:Food (including SCP) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17498982?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+Incorporation+of+Oleate+and+Ricinoleate+into+Phosphatidylcholines+and+Acylglycerols+in+Soybean+Microsomes&rft.au=Lin%2C+Jiann-Tsyh%3BIkeda%2C+MD%3BMcKeon%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Jiann-Tsyh&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf030612d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oleic acid; Soybeans; Microsomes; Lecithin; acylglycerols; Fatty acids; High-performance liquid chromatography; Phospholipase A2; triacylglycerol; Acyltransferase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf030612d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Can spring cattle grazing among young bitterbrush stimulate shrub growth? AN - 17416482; 6219143 AB - Due to its palatability and forage quality, antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata Pursh DC) is a desirable shrub across western US rangelands. Because little information is available regarding grazing management of young bitterbrush, a study was undertaken to explore stocking pressure thresholds and quantify effects of light and heavy spring cattle grazing on shrub growth. Rates of browsing and trampling and forage availability were monitored over 3 years in southeast Oregon. Across years, 29% of bitterbrush endured trampling in light-grazing treatments, and 55% experienced trampling under heavy grazing. Linear models relating time and cattle density successfully explained (r super(2) = 0.84-0.86) probabilities of bitterbrush being trampled. Forage utilization averaged 32% and 59% in lightly and heavily grazed units, and 14 and 62% of bitterbrush were browsed in lightly and heavily-grazed pastures, respectively. Cattle began browsing when herbaceous standing crop declined to 100-150 kg ha super(-1). Browsing in heavily-grazed pastures reduced diameters of bitterbrush by 4.5 to 9.5 cm in 1998 and 1999, but shrub height was unaffected. Lightly-grazed stands exhibited a 50% greater increase in bitterbrush diameter, 30% greater height increment, and 8% longer twigs than shrubs in ungrazed pastures. At the end of the 1997 and 1998 growing seasons, bitterbrush in heavily-grazed pastures were 11 cm greater in diameter than ungrazed controls and equal to shrubs in lightly-grazed pastures. To stimulate bitterbrush growth, young stands can be lightly-grazed (30 to 40% utilization of herbaceous forage) by cattle when bitterbrush is flowering and accompanying grasses are in vegetative to late-boot stages of phenology.Original Abstract: Debido a su gustocidad y calidad de forraje el 'Antelope bitterbrush' (Purshia tridentata Pursh DC) es un arbusto deseable en los pastizales del oeste de U.S.A. Debido a que hay poca informacion disponible respecto al manejo del apacentamiento de plantas jovenes de 'Bitterbrush', se condujo un estudio para explorar los umbrales de la presion de apacentamiento y cuantificar los efectos del apacentamiento ligero y fuerte de ganado en primavera sobre el crecimiento del arbusto. Durante 3 anos en el sudeste de Oregon se monitorearon las tasas de ramoneo y pisoteo y la disponibilidad de forraje. A traves de los anos, 29% del 'Bitterbrush' tolero el pisoteo en los tratamientos de apacentamiento ligero y en los tratamientos de apacentamiento fuerte 55% del 'Bitterbrush' sufrio el pisoteo. Modelos lineales relacionando tiempo y densidad de ganado explicaron exitosamente (r super(2) = 0.84-0.86) las probabilidades del 'Bitterbrush' de ser pisoteado. La utilizacion del forraje promedio 32% y 59% en las unidades apacentadas ligera y fuertemente y 14 y 62% del 'Bitterbrush' fue ramoneado en los potreros apacentados ligera y fuertemente respectivamente. El ganado inicio el ramoneo cuando la biomasa de las herbaceas diminuyo a 100-150 kg ha super(-1). El ramoneo en los potreros con apacentamiento fuerte redujo los diametros del 'Bitterbrush' de 4.5 a 9.5 cm en 1998 y 1999, pero la altura del arbusto no fue afectada. Las poblaciones con apacentamiento ligero mostraron un incremento del 50% en el diametro del 'Bitterbrush', 30% mas en la altura y las ramas fueron 8% mas largas que las de los arbustos en los potreros sin apacentamiento. Al final de las estaciones de crecimiento de 1997 y 1998 el 'Bitterbrush' de los potreros apacentados fuertemente fueron 11 cm mas grandes en diametro que los arbustos de los potreros control sin apacentamiento e igual a los arbustos de los potreros ligeramente apacentados. Para estimular el crecimiento del 'Bitterbrush' las poblaciones jovenes pueden ser ligeramente apacentadas (30 a 40% de utilizacion del forraje herbaceo) por el ganado cuando el 'Bitterbrush' esta en floracion y los zacates acompanantes estan en las etapas fonologicas de crecimiento vegetativo a fines de embuche. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Ganskopp, D AU - Svejcar, T AU - Taylor, F AU - Farstvedt, J AD - Range Scientists, USDA-ARS, Eastern Ore. Agr. Res. Ctr., 67826-A Hwy. 205, Burns, Ore. 97720 Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 161 EP - 168 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Bovids KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Shrubs KW - Flowering KW - USA KW - Grazing KW - Purshia tridentata KW - Browsing KW - Pasture KW - Range management KW - Bovidae KW - Trampling KW - Models KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17416482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Can+spring+cattle+grazing+among+young+bitterbrush+stimulate+shrub+growth%3F&rft.au=Ganskopp%2C+D%3BSvejcar%2C+T%3BTaylor%2C+F%3BFarstvedt%2C+J&rft.aulast=Ganskopp&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&page=161 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flowering; Shrubs; Grazing; Browsing; Range management; Pasture; Trampling; Models; Purshia tridentata; Bovidae; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0161:CSCGAY]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing redesigned effectiveness of the water quality monitoring program in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida AN - 16167086; 5805648 AB - In 1996, the long-term water quality monitoring network (WQMN) program in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) of the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) that began in 1988 was redesigned to eliminate statistically redundant sampling and satisfy modeling requirements. Methods, procedures, and equipment were standardized across multi-agency monitoring partners to produce reliable and comparable data. The redesigned strategy also included elements to determine previously unknown quantities such as differences in water quality parameters with depth and tidal cycle. Reduction of sampling sites from 150 to 24 resulted in a significant improvement of standard deviation (t-test; alpha = 0.05) for most water quality parameters analysed. The enhancement in data quality has demonstrated a more cost-effective and efficient monitoring tool to measure the water quality of the seagrass environment in the IRL. Results supported the view of a well-mixed condition at the sampling stations on most days. Refocusing and streamlining the water quality monitoring program within the context of its mission would enable conversion of data into meaningful information regarding the interrelationship among water quality, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and seagrass PAR requirements. JF - Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems AU - Sigua, G C AU - Tweedale, WA AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Sub- Tropical Agricultural Research Station, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Road, Brooksville, FL 34601, USA, gcsigua@mail.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 49 EP - 64 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com] VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1052-7613, 1052-7613 KW - USA, Florida, Indian R. KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - water quality monitoring network KW - Indian River Lagoon KW - estuary KW - redesign KW - water quality KW - nutrients KW - seagrass KW - centralized laboratory KW - ASW, USA, Florida, Indian River Lagoon KW - Water depth KW - Pollution monitoring KW - USA, Florida KW - Sea Grasses KW - Water quality measurements KW - Freshwater KW - Water quality KW - Lagoons KW - Environmental factors KW - Efficiency KW - Monitoring methods KW - Radiation KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Data Interpretation KW - Quality Control KW - Seagrasses KW - Brackishwater pollution KW - Tidal cycles KW - Water Quality KW - Network Design KW - USA, Florida, Indian River Lagoon KW - Analytical techniques KW - Lagoons (Natural) KW - Standards KW - Coastal lagoons KW - Monitoring KW - O 4095:Instruments/Methods KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - D 04801:Pollution monitoring and detection KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - SW 0890:Estuaries KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16167086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Conservation%3A+Marine+and+Freshwater+Ecosystems&rft.atitle=Assessing+redesigned+effectiveness+of+the+water+quality+monitoring+program+in+the+Indian+River+Lagoon%2C+Florida&rft.au=Sigua%2C+G+C%3BTweedale%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Sigua&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+Conservation%3A+Marine+and+Freshwater+Ecosystems&rft.issn=10527613&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Faqc.580 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Water depth; Pollution monitoring; Efficiency; Brackishwater pollution; Analytical techniques; Tidal cycles; Coastal lagoons; Water quality; Environmental factors; Seagrasses; Monitoring methods; Radiation; Water quality measurements; Lagoons; Sea Grasses; Statistical Analysis; Water Quality; Standards; Lagoons (Natural); Monitoring; Quality Control; Network Design; Data Interpretation; ASW, USA, Florida, Indian River Lagoon; USA, Florida; USA, Florida, Indian River Lagoon; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.580 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential for interactions between the carboxy- and amino-termini of Rubisco activase subunits. AN - 71680827; 14988023 AB - The subunit interactions of Rubisco activase were investigated using mutants containing an introduced Cys near the N- and/or C-terminus. Chemical cross-linking of the C-terminal and double insertion mutant produced subunit dimers and dimers plus high ordered oligomers, respectively. Fluorescence measurements with N,N'-dimethyl-N-(iodoacetyl)-N'-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)ethylenediamine showed that the environment around the introduced Cys near the C-terminus becomes more hydrophilic upon nucleotide binding. The Cys insertion mutants catalyzed Rubisco activation and ATP hydrolysis even when the subunits of the C-terminal or double insertion mutants were completely cross-linked. The results indicate that the termini of adjacent activase subunits are in close proximity and can be modified and even joined without affecting enzyme function. JF - FEBS letters AU - Salvucci, Michael E AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Cotton Research Laboratory, 4135 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040-8803, USA. msalvucci@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02/27/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 27 SP - 205 EP - 209 VL - 560 IS - 1-3 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - Cross-Linking Reagents KW - 0 KW - Plant Proteins KW - Protein Subunits KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - rca protein, plant KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cysteine -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Dimerization KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Hydrolysis KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Base Sequence KW - Cross-Linking Reagents -- chemistry KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Catalysis KW - Protein Subunits -- genetics KW - Plant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Protein Subunits -- metabolism KW - Protein Subunits -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71680827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+letters&rft.atitle=Potential+for+interactions+between+the+carboxy-+and+amino-termini+of+Rubisco+activase+subunits.&rft.au=Salvucci%2C+Michael+E&rft.aulast=Salvucci&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2004-02-27&rft.volume=560&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of mycotoxins in weanling goats given by transthoracic injection AN - 39890992; 3831053 AU - Purdy, C W AU - Layton, R C AU - Straus, D C Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39890992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+mycotoxins+in+weanling+goats+given+by+transthoracic+injection&rft.au=Purdy%2C+C+W%3BLayton%2C+R+C%3BStraus%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Risk factors for fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in 95 US dairy operations in 2002 AN - 39890370; 3830933 AU - Spidel, S J AU - McCluskey, B J AU - Dargatz, DA Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39890370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+fecal+shedding+of+Escherichia+coli+O157+in+95+US+dairy+operations+in+2002&rft.au=Spidel%2C+S+J%3BMcCluskey%2C+B+J%3BDargatz%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Spidel&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of exogenous glucocorticoids and dietary change on winter and summer STEC O157 fecal shedding in naturally-infected beef cattle AN - 39797158; 3830969 AU - Keen, JE AU - Laegreid, W W AU - Chitko-McKown, C G AU - Bono, J L AU - Fox, J M Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39797158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+exogenous+glucocorticoids+and+dietary+change+on+winter+and+summer+STEC+O157+fecal+shedding+in+naturally-infected+beef+cattle&rft.au=Keen%2C+JE%3BLaegreid%2C+W+W%3BChitko-McKown%2C+C+G%3BBono%2C+J+L%3BFox%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Keen&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of culture methods on investigations of Salmonella enterica ecology and epidemiology in swine AN - 39797128; 3830963 AU - Rostagno, M H AU - Gailey, J K AU - Hurd, H S AU - Mckean, J D Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39797128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+culture+methods+on+investigations+of+Salmonella+enterica+ecology+and+epidemiology+in+swine&rft.au=Rostagno%2C+M+H%3BGailey%2C+J+K%3BHurd%2C+H+S%3BMckean%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Rostagno&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New initiatives for epidemiology and food safety AN - 39797006; 3830934 AU - Torrence, ME Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39797006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+initiatives+for+epidemiology+and+food+safety&rft.au=Torrence%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Torrence&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bovine cell-mediated immune response to antigens derived from Neospora caninum AN - 39784571; 3831022 AU - Tuo, W AU - Fetterer, R AU - Dubey, J P AU - Boyd, P Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39784571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bovine+cell-mediated+immune+response+to+antigens+derived+from+Neospora+caninum&rft.au=Tuo%2C+W%3BFetterer%2C+R%3BDubey%2C+J+P%3BBoyd%2C+P&rft.aulast=Tuo&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - T cell cytokine response and gene expression profile of porcine lymphoid cells in response to vaccination with PRRS virus AN - 39784442; 3831000 AU - Royaee, A AU - Zuckermann, F A AU - Husmann, R AU - Calzada-Nova, G AU - Schnitzlein, W AU - Lunney, J K Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39784442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=T+cell+cytokine+response+and+gene+expression+profile+of+porcine+lymphoid+cells+in+response+to+vaccination+with+PRRS+virus&rft.au=Royaee%2C+A%3BZuckermann%2C+F+A%3BHusmann%2C+R%3BCalzada-Nova%2C+G%3BSchnitzlein%2C+W%3BLunney%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Royaee&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Determinations for biosafety classification of veterinary pathogens AN - 39783929; 3830911 AU - Rusk, J S Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39783929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Determinations+for+biosafety+classification+of+veterinary+pathogens&rft.au=Rusk%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Rusk&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Identification of responsive genes in PRRSv-infected pulmonary macrophages using semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) AN - 39781728; 3831048 AU - Miller, L C AU - Chitko-McKown, C G AU - Bono, J L AU - Laegreid, W W AU - Fox, J M AU - Hruska, R L Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39781728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Identification+of+responsive+genes+in+PRRSv-infected+pulmonary+macrophages+using+semi-quantitative+real-time+reverse+transcription+PCR+%28RT-PCR%29&rft.au=Miller%2C+L+C%3BChitko-McKown%2C+C+G%3BBono%2C+J+L%3BLaegreid%2C+W+W%3BFox%2C+J+M%3BHruska%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Bovine splenic NK-like cells proliferate during the innate immune response to babesia bovis infection AN - 39781653; 3831023 AU - Goff, W L AU - Johnson, W C Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39781653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Bovine+splenic+NK-like+cells+proliferate+during+the+innate+immune+response+to+babesia+bovis+infection&rft.au=Goff%2C+W+L%3BJohnson%2C+W+C&rft.aulast=Goff&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of transport and holding on Salmonella prevalence in market weight Turkeys AN - 39774351; 3830958 AU - Hurd, H S AU - Trampel, D W AU - Wesley, I V AU - Regen, P S AU - Muraoka, W T AU - Rivera, F AU - Harbaugh, E M Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39774351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+transport+and+holding+on+Salmonella+prevalence+in+market+weight+Turkeys&rft.au=Hurd%2C+H+S%3BTrampel%2C+D+W%3BWesley%2C+I+V%3BRegen%2C+P+S%3BMuraoka%2C+W+T%3BRivera%2C+F%3BHarbaugh%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Hurd&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Biocontainment for infectious disease studies in large animal species AN - 39774168; 3830901 AU - Rusk, J S AU - Brogden, KA AU - Bunn, TO AU - Whipple, D L Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39774168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Biocontainment+for+infectious+disease+studies+in+large+animal+species&rft.au=Rusk%2C+J+S%3BBrogden%2C+KA%3BBunn%2C+TO%3BWhipple%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Rusk&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fecal shedding of shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) O157 by livestock at agricultural fairs in the United States AN - 39741731; 3830948 AU - Keen, JE AU - Wittum, TE AU - Dunn, J R AU - Bono, J L AU - Hansen, G AU - Fontenot, ME Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39741731?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fecal+shedding+of+shiga-toxigenic+E.+coli+%28STEC%29+O157+by+livestock+at+agricultural+fairs+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Keen%2C+JE%3BWittum%2C+TE%3BDunn%2C+J+R%3BBono%2C+J+L%3BHansen%2C+G%3BFontenot%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Keen&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluating cecal content and ileocecal lymph node sampling to determine Salmonella enterica prevalence in swine AN - 39736488; 3830945 AU - Rostagno, M H AU - Hurd, H S AU - Mckean, J D AU - Gailey, J K Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39736488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluating+cecal+content+and+ileocecal+lymph+node+sampling+to+determine+Salmonella+enterica+prevalence+in+swine&rft.au=Rostagno%2C+M+H%3BHurd%2C+H+S%3BMckean%2C+J+D%3BGailey%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Rostagno&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Colorado State University, Dept. of Microbiology, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA; phone: 970-491-6136; fax: 970-491-1815; email: microbio@colostate.edu; URL: www.cvmbs.colostate.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blocking nonspecific adsorption of native food-borne microorganisms by immunomagnetic beads with iota-carrageenan. AN - 71723717; 15013398 AB - We present herein the partitioning characteristics of anti-Salmonella and anti-Escherichia coli O157 immunomagnetic beads (IMB) with respect to the nonspecific adsorption of several nontarget food-borne organisms with and without an assortment of well-known blocking agents, such as casein, which have been shown to be useful in other immunochemical applications. We found several common food-borne organisms that strongly interacted with both types of IMB, especially with anti-Salmonella form (av DeltaG0=-20 +/- 4 kJ mol(-1)) even in the presence of casein [1% (w/v): DeltaG0=-18 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1); DeltaDeltaG0 approximately -2 kJ mol(-1)]. However, when one of the most problematic organisms (a native K12-like E. coli isolate; DeltaG0=-19 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1)) was tested for nonspecific binding in the presence of iota-carrageenan (0.03-0.05%), there was an average decline of ca. 90% in the equilibrium capture efficiency xi (DeltaG0=-11 +/- 4 kJ mol(-1); DeltaDeltaG0 approximately -8 kJ mol(-1)). Other anionic polysaccharides (0.1% kappa-carrageenan and polygalacturonic acid) had no significant effect (av DeltaG0=-19 +/- 1 kJ mol(-1); DeltaDeltaG0 approximately 0 kJ mol(-1)). Varying iota-carrageenan from 0% to 0.02% resulted in xi significantly diminishing from 0.69 (e.g., 69% of the cells captured; DeltaG0=-19 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1)) to 0.05 (DeltaG0=-11 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1); DeltaDeltaG0 approximately -9 kJ mol(-1)) at about 0.03% iota-carrageenan where xi leveled off. An optimum blocking ability was achieved with 0.04% iota-carrageenan suspended in 100 mM phosphate buffer. We also demonstrated that the utilization of iota-carrageenan as a blocking agent causes no great loss in the IMBs capture efficiency with respect to the capture of its target organisms, various salmonellae. JF - Carbohydrate research AU - Irwin, Peter AU - Gehring, Andrew AU - Tu, Shu-I AU - Chen, Chin-Yi AD - Microbial Biophysics and Residue Chemistry, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA. pirwin@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02/25/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 25 SP - 613 EP - 621 VL - 339 IS - 3 SN - 0008-6215, 0008-6215 KW - Buffers KW - 0 KW - Carrageenan KW - 9000-07-1 KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Adsorption -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Food KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Sodium -- chemistry KW - Species Specificity KW - Immunomagnetic Separation -- methods KW - Carrageenan -- pharmacology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Carrageenan -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71723717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carbohydrate+research&rft.atitle=Blocking+nonspecific+adsorption+of+native+food-borne+microorganisms+by+immunomagnetic+beads+with+iota-carrageenan.&rft.au=Irwin%2C+Peter%3BGehring%2C+Andrew%3BTu%2C+Shu-I%3BChen%2C+Chin-Yi&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2004-02-25&rft.volume=339&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carbohydrate+research&rft.issn=00086215&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest fragmentation in the Pacific Northwest: quantification and correlations AN - 17954863; 5897750 AB - A forest fragmentation index was produced for western Oregon and western Washington that combined measures of forested area, percentage edge, and interspersion. While natural, human land-cover, and human land-use processes contribute to forest fragmentation in the region, the drivers of these processes are categorically different. Here we examine forest fragmentation caused by human land-use decisions, which accounts for 20% of the total forest edge in the region. Using multiple linear regression, we developed a model with socio-economic and environmental predictor variables that explains 80% of the variance of the forest fragmentation index across the region. Population density, income, and percentage agriculture were all significant and positively correlated with the fragmentation index. Significantly negative correlations were found between the forest fragmentation index and distance to highway, percentage federal land, slope, and a dummy variable indicating land in Oregon. The three components of the fragmentation index were used as predictor variables in separate regression models and yielded results similar to the composite index. Models run separately for western Oregon and western Washington were similar to the regional model except that distance to highway was only significant in the western Oregon model and income was only significant in the western Washington model. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Butler, B J AU - Swenson, J J AU - Alig, R J AD - USDA Forest Service, 11 Campus Boulevard, Suite 200, Newtown Square, PA, USA, bbutler01@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/02/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 23 SP - 363 EP - 373 VL - 189 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Forest management KW - USA, Washington KW - Index KW - Population density KW - USA, Oregon KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Models KW - D 04001:Methodology - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17954863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Forest+fragmentation+in+the+Pacific+Northwest%3A+quantification+and+correlations&rft.au=Butler%2C+B+J%3BSwenson%2C+J+J%3BAlig%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-02-23&rft.volume=189&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2003.09.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Washington; USA, Oregon; Habitat fragmentation; Models; Population density; Forest management; Index DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.09.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrogen supply and demand in short-rotation sweetgum plantations AN - 17954801; 5897743 AB - Intensive management is crucial for optimizing hardwood plantation success, and nitrogen (N) nutrition management is one of the most important practices in intensive management. Because management of short-rotation woody crop plantations is a mixture of row-crop agriculture and plantation forestry, we tested the usefulness of an agronomic budget modified for deciduous perennial trees for estimating N fertilizer recommendations. We studied the foliar N demand, resorption, and uptake response of two sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) plantations on a converted agricultural field and a pine cutover site to biannual applications of three nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates: 0, 56 and 112kgNha super(-1). We also estimated soil N supply, foliar N uptake efficiency, and apparent fertilizer N uptake efficiency. Fertilization increased foliar demand (defined as total foliar N content), resorption, and uptake at both sites, but to a greater degree on the cutover site, which had lower soil N supply. Resorption efficiency did not increase with fertilization, but resorption proficiency, the N concentration of senesced leaves, was reduced (N concentrations higher) at the drier agricultural field site and in the fertilized trees. Based on our budget analysis, we recommend fertilizing sweetgum plantations with 50kgNha super(-1) for each 2000kgha super(-1) of foliage biomass, assuming they have 45-65kgha super(-1) of soil N supply. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Andrew Scott, D AU - Burger, JA AU - Kaczmarek, D J AU - Kane, M B AD - Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360, USA, andyscott@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/02/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 23 SP - 331 EP - 343 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 189 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Sweetgum KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Forest management KW - Fertilization KW - Fertilizers KW - Leaves KW - Nitrogen cycle KW - Liquidambar styraciflua KW - Biomass KW - Nutrition KW - Hardwoods KW - Plantations KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17954801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=Nitrogen+supply+and+demand+in+short-rotation+sweetgum+plantations&rft.au=Andrew+Scott%2C+D%3BBurger%2C+JA%3BKaczmarek%2C+D+J%3BKane%2C+M+B&rft.aulast=Andrew+Scott&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-02-23&rft.volume=189&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.foreco.2003.09.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liquidambar styraciflua; Plantations; Fertilizers; Soil; Nitrogen cycle; Fertilization; Biomass; Forest management; Hardwoods; Leaves; Nutrition DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.09.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remediation of methyl iodide in aqueous solution and soils amended with thiourea. AN - 71698613; 14998036 AB - Methyl iodide (MeI) is considered a very promising fumigant alternative to methyl bromide (MeBr) for controlling soil-borne pests. Because atmospheric emission of highly volatile fumigants contributes to air pollution, feasible strategies to reduce emissions are urgently needed. In this study, thiourea (a nitrification inhibitor) was shown to accelerate the degradation of MeI in soil and water. In aqueous solution, the reaction between MeI and thiourea was independent of pH, although the rate of MeI hydrolysis increased in alkaline solution. Substantial increases in the rate of MeI dissipation were observed in thiourea-amended soils. Transformation of MeI by thiourea in aqueous solution was by a single chemical reaction process, while MeI degradation in thiourea-amended soil apparently involved a catalytic mechanism. The electron delocalization between the thiourea molecule and the surfaces of soil particles is energetically favorable and would increase the nucleophilic reactivity of the thiono group toward MeI, resulting in an enhancement of the dissipation rate. The soil half-life for MeI was reduced from >300 h for unamended soils to only a few hours in soil or sand amended with thiourea at a 2:1 molar ratio (thiourea:MeI). The MeI transformation rate in thiourea-amended soil increased with increasing soil temperature and decreasing soil moisture. Therefore, spraying thiourea on the soil surface to form a "reactive surface barrier" may be an effective and innovative strategy for controlling fumigant emissions to the atmosphere and for improving environmental protection. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Zheng, Wei AU - Papiernik, Sharon K AU - Guo, Mingxin AU - Yates, Scott R AD - USDA-ARS, Soil Physics and Pesticides Research Unit, George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, California 92507, USA. Y1 - 2004/02/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 15 SP - 1188 EP - 1194 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Hydrocarbons, Iodinated KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Soil Pollutants KW - methyl iodide KW - DAT010ZJSR KW - Thiourea KW - GYV9AM2QAG KW - Index Medicus KW - Temperature KW - Volatilization KW - Fumigation KW - Catalysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Iodinated -- analysis KW - Air Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Thiourea -- chemistry KW - Indicators and Reagents -- chemistry KW - Hydrocarbons, Iodinated -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71698613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Remediation+of+methyl+iodide+in+aqueous+solution+and+soils+amended+with+thiourea.&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Wei%3BPapiernik%2C+Sharon+K%3BGuo%2C+Mingxin%3BYates%2C+Scott+R&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft.date=2004-02-15&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vinyl chloride and cis-dichloroethene dechlorination kinetics and microorganism growth under substrate limiting conditions. AN - 71694768; 14998024 AB - The reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) at contaminated sites often results in the accumulation of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC), rather than the nonhazardous end product ethene. This accumulation may be caused by the absence of appropriate microorganisms, insufficient supply of donor substrate, or reaction kinetic limitations. Here, we address the issue of reaction kinetic limitations by investigating the effect of limiting substrate concentrations (electron donor and acceptor) on DCE and VC dechlorination kinetics and microorganism growth by bacterium VS. For this, a model based on Monod kinetics, but also accounting for competition between electron acceptors and the effect of low electron donor and acceptor concentrations (dual-substrate kinetics), was examined. Competitive coefficients for VC (7.8 +/- 1.5 microM) and DCE (3.6 +/- 1.1 microM) were obtained and included in the model. The half velocity coefficient for hydrogen, the electron donor, was experimentally determined (7 +/- 2 nM) through investigating dechlorination over different substrate concentrations. This complete model was then used, along with experimental data, to determine substrate concentrations at which the dechlorinating microorganisms would be in net decay. Notably, the model indicates net decay will result if the total electron acceptor concentration (DCE plus VC) is below 0.7 microM, regardless of electron donor levels. The ability to achieve sustainable bioremediation to acceptable levels can be greatly influenced by this threshold level. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Cupples, Alison M AU - Spormann, Alfred M AU - McCarty, Perry L AD - United States Department of Agriculture-ARS, S-306 Turner Hall, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801-4730, USA. Y1 - 2004/02/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 15 SP - 1102 EP - 1107 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Dichloroethylenes KW - Soil Pollutants KW - Vinyl Chloride KW - WD06X94M2D KW - 1,2-dichloroethylene KW - XU9RUA6YUT KW - Index Medicus KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Population Dynamics KW - Kinetics KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Dichloroethylenes -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Soil Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Vinyl Chloride -- metabolism KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71694768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Vinyl+chloride+and+cis-dichloroethene+dechlorination+kinetics+and+microorganism+growth+under+substrate+limiting+conditions.&rft.au=Cupples%2C+Alison+M%3BSpormann%2C+Alfred+M%3BMcCarty%2C+Perry+L&rft.aulast=Cupples&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.date=2004-02-15&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella serotypes in selected classes of food animal carcasses and raw ground products, January 1998 through December 2000. AN - 71685966; 14989544 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Rigney, Columb P AU - Salamone, Bernard P AU - Anandaraman, Neena AU - Rose, Bonnie E AU - Umholtz, Robert L AU - Ferris, Kathleen E AU - Parham, Delila R AU - James, William AD - Zoonotic Diseases and Residue Surveillance Division, Office of Public Health and Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA, 1400 Independence Ave SW, 344 Aerospace Center, Washington, DC 20250-3700, USA. Y1 - 2004/02/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 15 SP - 524 EP - 530 VL - 224 IS - 4 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Swine KW - Serotyping -- veterinary KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Turkeys KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Abattoirs -- standards KW - Salmonella -- classification KW - Food Inspection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71685966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Salmonella+serotypes+in+selected+classes+of+food+animal+carcasses+and+raw+ground+products%2C+January+1998+through+December+2000.&rft.au=Rigney%2C+Columb+P%3BSalamone%2C+Bernard+P%3BAnandaraman%2C+Neena%3BRose%2C+Bonnie+E%3BUmholtz%2C+Robert+L%3BFerris%2C+Kathleen+E%3BParham%2C+Delila+R%3BJames%2C+William&rft.aulast=Rigney&rft.aufirst=Columb&rft.date=2004-02-15&rft.volume=224&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Skeletal Muscle Cutpoints Associated with Elevated Physical Disability Risk in Older Men and Women AN - 17953905; 5897027 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine skeletal muscle cutpoints for identifying elevated physical disability risk in older adults. Subjects included 4,449 older ( greater than or equal to 60 years) participants from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 1988-1994. Physical disability was assessed by questionnaire, and bioimpedance was used to estimate skeletal muscle, which was normalized for height. Receiver operating characteristics were used to develop the skeletal muscle cutpoints associated with a high likelihood of physical disability. Odds for physical disability were compared in subjects whose measures fell above and below these cutpoints. Skeletal muscle cutpoints of 5.76-6.75 and less than or equal to 5.75 kg/m super(2) were selected to denote moderate and high physical disability risk in women. The corresponding values in men were 8.51-10.75 and less than or equal to 8.50 kg/m super(2). Compared with women with low-risk skeletal muscle values, women with moderate- and high-risk skeletal muscle values had odds for physical disability of 1.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97, 2.04) and 3.31 (95% CI: 1.91, 5.73), respectively. The corresponding odds in men were 3.65 (95% CI: 1.92, 6.94) and 4.71 (95% CI: 2.28, 9.74). This study presents skeletal muscle cutpoints for physical disability risk in older adults. Future applications of these cutpoints include the comparison of morbidity risk in older persons with normal muscle mass and those with sarcopenia, the determination and comparison of sarcopenia prevalences, and the estimation of health-care costs attributable to sarcopenia. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Janssen, I AU - Baumgartner, R N AU - Ross, R AU - Rosenberg, I H AU - Roubenoff, R AD - Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA Y1 - 2004/02/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 15 SP - 413 EP - 421 PB - Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health VL - 159 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Muscles (function) KW - Handicapped (physically) KW - Men KW - Women KW - Epidemiology (diseases) KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17953905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Skeletal+Muscle+Cutpoints+Associated+with+Elevated+Physical+Disability+Risk+in+Older+Men+and+Women&rft.au=Janssen%2C+I%3BBaumgartner%2C+R+N%3BRoss%2C+R%3BRosenberg%2C+I+H%3BRoubenoff%2C+R&rft.aulast=Janssen&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2004-02-15&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Handicapped (physically); Men; Muscles (function); Women; Epidemiology (diseases) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Needle concentrator for gas chromatographic determination of BTEX in aqueous samples. AN - 80072533; 14698269 AB - A simple method of solventless extraction of volatile organic compounds (BTEX) from aqueous samples was developed and validated. A new arrangement of the full volume inside needle capillary adsorption trap (INCAT) device with Porapak Q as a sorbent material and wet alumina as a source of desorptive water vapour flow in a closed analytical system is presented. The analytical characteristics of developed device and of compared purge-and-trap (PTI) device for BTEX compounds are similar; the limits of detection as well as quantification are lower than 1 microg l(-1). JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Kubinec, Róbert AU - Berezkin, Victor G AU - Górová, Renáta AU - Addová, Gabriela AU - Mracnová, Helena AU - Soják, Ladislav AD - Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chemical Institute, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic. kubinec@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004/02/05/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 05 SP - 295 EP - 301 VL - 800 IS - 1-2 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - 0 KW - Polyethylenes KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Xylenes KW - porapak P KW - 9052-95-3 KW - Aluminum Oxide KW - LMI26O6933 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Reference Standards KW - Temperature KW - Absorption KW - Xylenes -- analysis KW - Water Supply -- analysis KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- analysis KW - Organic Chemicals -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80072533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Needle+concentrator+for+gas+chromatographic+determination+of+BTEX+in+aqueous+samples.&rft.au=Kubinec%2C+R%C3%B3bert%3BBerezkin%2C+Victor+G%3BG%C3%B3rov%C3%A1%2C+Ren%C3%A1ta%3BAddov%C3%A1%2C+Gabriela%3BMracnov%C3%A1%2C+Helena%3BSoj%C3%A1k%2C+Ladislav&rft.aulast=Kubinec&rft.aufirst=R%C3%B3bert&rft.date=2004-02-05&rft.volume=800&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative efficacy of different dithiocarbamates to induce tibial dyschondroplasia in poultry. AN - 80180047; 14979579 AB - Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a metabolic cartilage disease in poultry the natural etiology of which is not known. In the absence of biomarkers to monitor the initiation and progression of the naturally occurring disease, experimentally induced TD can provide a suitable venue to study the mechanism of its pathogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a streamlined experimental protocol to induce TD using dithiocarbamates and to determine a time course of its progression. Three different dithiocarbamates, dimethyldithiocarbamate, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (thiram), were tested with respect to their abilities to induce TD and affect different physiological factors. Our results show that chickens fed thiram during the first 2 wk of age showed a maximum TD index. Thiram appeared to be the most potent of the 3 dithiocarbamates with dimethyldithiocarbamate having the least ability to induce TD and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate showing an intermediate potency. A transient exposure to thiram for a day or 2 was sufficient to markedly increase the incidence of TD and produce lasting damage as determined by the presence of severe lesions in a high percentage of birds at 2 to 3 wk after the treatment. Thiram affected the chondrocyte morphology of maturing zone cartilage evident by nuclear shrinkage and emptied chondrocyte lacunae during later times and also involutions of capillary vessels. Such changes were not seen in prehypertrophic zone chondrocytes of the same growth plates. Thiram reduced the BW, increased blood heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, and elevated serum corticosterone concentrations indicating physiological stress. However, there was no change in relative liver weights or blood clinical chemistry including the serum concentrations of Ca, P, and Cu in thiocarbamate-fed chickens. Induction of TD in young chickens by means of a short feeding protocol with thiram may be useful to study the mechanisms of pathogenesis of TD and to identify micronutrients that can provide protection against this disease. JF - Poultry science AU - Rath, N C AU - Huff, W E AU - Balog, J M AU - Huff, G R AD - PPPSRU, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA. nrath@uark.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 266 EP - 274 VL - 83 IS - 2 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Thiocarbamates KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Animals KW - Tibia -- drug effects KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Tibia -- pathology KW - Incidence KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Thiocarbamates -- adverse effects KW - Osteochondrodysplasias -- veterinary KW - Osteochondrodysplasias -- chemically induced KW - Chickens KW - Thiocarbamates -- pharmacology KW - Poultry Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80180047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Comparative+efficacy+of+different+dithiocarbamates+to+induce+tibial+dyschondroplasia+in+poultry.&rft.au=Rath%2C+N+C%3BHuff%2C+W+E%3BBalog%2C+J+M%3BHuff%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Rath&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protocol for evaluating the efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride as a beef hide intervention. AN - 80167120; 14968962 AB - The objective of this study was to establish the necessary protocols and assess the efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as an antimicrobial intervention on beef cattle hides. Experiments using CPC were conducted to determine (i) the methods of neutralization needed to obtain valid efficacy measurements, (ii) the effect of concentration and dwell time after treatment, (iii) the effect of CPC on hide and carcass microbial populations when cattle were treated at a feedlot and then transported to a processing facility for harvest, and (iv) the effectiveness of spray pressure and two-spray combinations of CPC and water to reduce hide microbial populations. Residual CPC in hide sponge samples prevented bacterial growth. Dey-Engley neutralization media at 7.8% and a centrifugation step were necessary to overcome this problem. All dwell times, ranging from 30 s to 4 h, after 1% CPC application to cattle hides resulted in aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts 1.5 log CFU/100 cm2 lower than controls. The most effective dose of CPC was 1%, which reduced aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts 2 and 1 log CFU/100 cm2, respectively. Low-pressure application of 1% CPC at the feedlot, transport to the processing facility, and harvest within 5 h of application resulted in no effect on Escherichia coli O157 prevalence on hides or preevisceration carcasses. Two high-pressure CPC washes lowered aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae counts by 4 log CFU/100 cm2, and two medium-pressure CPC washes were only slightly less effective. These results indicate that under the proper conditions, CPC may still be effective for reducing microbial populations on cattle hides. Further study is warranted to determine if this effect will result in reduction of hide-to-carcass contamination during processing. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Bosilevac, Joseph M AU - Wheeler, Tommy L AU - Rivera-Betancourt, Mildred AU - Nou, Xiangwu AU - Arthur, Terrance M AU - Shackelford, Steven D AU - Kent, Matthew P AU - Jaroni, Divya AU - Osborn, Matthew S AU - Rossman, Michelle AU - Reagan, James O AU - Koohmaraie, Mohammad AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA. bosilevac@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 303 EP - 309 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local KW - 0 KW - Cetylpyridinium KW - CUB7JI0JV3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Microbiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Time Factors KW - Hair -- microbiology KW - Skin -- microbiology KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Local -- pharmacology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- drug effects KW - Cetylpyridinium -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80167120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Protocol+for+evaluating+the+efficacy+of+cetylpyridinium+chloride+as+a+beef+hide+intervention.&rft.au=Bosilevac%2C+Joseph+M%3BWheeler%2C+Tommy+L%3BRivera-Betancourt%2C+Mildred%3BNou%2C+Xiangwu%3BArthur%2C+Terrance+M%3BShackelford%2C+Steven+D%3BKent%2C+Matthew+P%3BJaroni%2C+Divya%3BOsborn%2C+Matthew+S%3BRossman%2C+Michelle%3BReagan%2C+James+O%3BKoohmaraie%2C+Mohammad&rft.aulast=Bosilevac&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of intestinal content contamination on broiler carcass Campylobacter counts. AN - 80166247; 14968952 AB - Intestinal contents may contaminate broiler carcasses during processing. The objective of this study was to determine what effect various levels of intestinal contents had on the numbers of Campylobacter detected in broiler carcass rinse samples. Eviscerated broiler carcasses were collected from the shackle line in a commercial processing plant immediately after passing through an inside/outside washer. Broiler carcasses were cut longitudinally into contralateral halves using a sanitized saw. Cecal contents from the same flock were collected, pooled, homogenized, and used to contaminate carcass halves. Paired carcass halves were divided into groups of eight each, and then cecal contents (2, 5, 10, 50, or 100 mg) were placed onto one randomly selected half of each carcass, while the corresponding half of the same broiler carcass received no cecal contents. Campylobacter counts from carcass halves with cecal contamination were compared to the uncontaminated halves of the same carcasses using a paired t test. Carcass halves with 5 mg or more of surface cecal contamination had significantly higher numbers of Campylobacter than those without (P < 0.01). Carcass halves contaminated with only 5 mg of cecal contents had an average of 3.3 log CFU Campylobacter per ml of rinse, while corresponding uncontaminated carcass halves had 2.6 log CFU Campylobacter per ml of rinse. These data indicate that even small (5 mg) amounts of cecal contents can cause a significant increase in the numbers of Campylobacter on eviscerated broiler carcasses. Therefore, it is important to keep such contamination to a minimum during processing. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Berrang, M E AU - Smith, D P AU - Windham, W R AU - Feldner, P W AD - US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, PO Box 5677, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. mberrang@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 235 EP - 238 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Hygiene KW - Campylobacter -- growth & development KW - Food-Processing Industry -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Cecum -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80166247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+intestinal+content+contamination+on+broiler+carcass+Campylobacter+counts.&rft.au=Berrang%2C+M+E%3BSmith%2C+D+P%3BWindham%2C+W+R%3BFeldner%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Berrang&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella in two geographically distant commercial beef processing plants in the United States. AN - 80166041; 14968961 AB - For two large beef processing plants, one located in the southern United States (plant A) and one located in the northern United States (plant B), prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella was determined for hide, carcass, and facility environmental samples over the course of 5 months. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 (68.1 versus 55.9%) and Salmonella (91.8 versus 50.3%) was higher (P < 0.05), and the prevalence of Listeria spp. (37.7 versus 75.5%) and L. monocytogenes (0.8 versus 18.7%) was lower (P < 0.05) for the hides of cattle slaughtered at plant A versus plant B. Similarly, the prevalence of Salmonella (52.0 versus 25.3%) was higher (P < 0.05) and the prevalence of Listeria spp. (12.0 versus 40.0%) and L. monocytogenes (1.3 versus 14.7%) was lower (P < 0.05) for the fence panels of the holding pens of plant A versus plant B. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 (3.1 versus 10.9%), Listeria spp. (4.5 versus 14.6%), and L. monocytogenes (0.0 versus 1.1%) was lower (P < 0.05) for preevisceration carcasses sampled at plant A versus plant B. Salmonella (both plants), Listeria spp. (plant B), and L. monocytogenes (plant B) were detected on fabrication floor conveyor belts (product contact surfaces) late during the production day. For plant B, 21 of 148 (14.2%) late-operational fabrication floor conveyor belt samples were L. monocytogenes positive. For plant B, E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes were detected in preoperational fabrication floor conveyor belt samples. Overall results suggest that there are regional differences in the prevalence of pathogens on the hides of cattle presented for harvest at commercial beef processing plants. While hide data may reflect the regional prevalence, the carcass data is indicative of differences in harvest practices and procedures in these plants. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Rivera-Betancourt, Mildred AU - Shackelford, Steven D AU - Arthur, Terrance M AU - Westmoreland, Kurt E AU - Bellinger, Gina AU - Rossman, Michelle AU - Reagan, James O AU - Koohmaraie, Mohammad AD - Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933-0166, USA. rivera@email.marc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 295 EP - 302 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Prevalence KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Cattle -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- isolation & purification KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80166041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7%2C+Listeria+monocytogenes%2C+and+Salmonella+in+two+geographically+distant+commercial+beef+processing+plants+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Rivera-Betancourt%2C+Mildred%3BShackelford%2C+Steven+D%3BArthur%2C+Terrance+M%3BWestmoreland%2C+Kurt+E%3BBellinger%2C+Gina%3BRossman%2C+Michelle%3BReagan%2C+James+O%3BKoohmaraie%2C+Mohammad&rft.aulast=Rivera-Betancourt&rft.aufirst=Mildred&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution and characterization of Campylobacter spp. from Russian poultry. AN - 80164518; 14968953 AB - The distribution of Campylobacter spp. on 13 poultry farms (broiler chicken, quail, pheasant, peacock, and turkey) from eight regions (Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Kaluga, Liptsk, Moscow, Orenburg, and Orel) in Russia was surveyed. Intestinal materials were plated onto Campylobacter-selective medium and plates were incubated microaerobically at 42 degrees C for 24 or 48 h. Identification was based on colonial morphology, microscopic examination, and biochemical tests; latex agglutination assays were used for confirmation. In total, 116 isolates were derived from 370 samples. Isolation rates were similar, regardless of whether the birds were from small or large broiler production farms. Susceptibility of 48 representative (from these production sources) strains of Campylobacter spp. to 38 antimicrobial compounds was determined by disk diffusion assays. All strains tested were sensitive to amikacin, gentamycin, sisomycin, chloramphenicol, imipenem, oleandomycin, erythromycin, azitromycin, and ampicillin. The strains were also sensitive to 100 microg/disk of carbenicillin, fluoroquinolones, and to nitrofurans. Fluoroquinolone sensitivity was most notable and may be related to its limited application in poultry production within Russia. Hippurate and ribosomal RNA gene primers were developed and used to distinguish Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli and to provide a measure of strain discrimination. The combination of PCR analysis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing were conducted for selected isolates. The various poultry species and the different locations yielded Campylobacter isolates with discrete randomly amplified polymorphic DNA patterns. The distribution and substantial diversity of Campylobacter spp. isolates appears similar to that previously reported in other countries. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Stern, N J AU - Bannov, V A AU - Svetoch, E A AU - Mitsevich, E V AU - Mitsevich, I P AU - Volozhantsev, N V AU - Gusev, V V AU - Perelygin, V V AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677, USA. nstern@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 239 EP - 245 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Quail -- microbiology KW - Russia -- epidemiology KW - Turkeys -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Species Specificity KW - Prevalence KW - Genetic Variation KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Poultry -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter -- genetics KW - Campylobacter -- drug effects KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80164518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Distribution+and+characterization+of+Campylobacter+spp.+from+Russian+poultry.&rft.au=Stern%2C+N+J%3BBannov%2C+V+A%3BSvetoch%2C+E+A%3BMitsevich%2C+E+V%3BMitsevich%2C+I+P%3BVolozhantsev%2C+N+V%3BGusev%2C+V+V%3BPerelygin%2C+V+V&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in cattle raised at agricultural research facilities across the USA and the influence of pentachlorophenol-treated wood. AN - 80143608; 14754641 AB - Adipose tissue samples from 158 cattle raised locally at experiment stations across the USA were analysed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F). While 80% of the samples had PCDD/F concentrations that fell within the range of a previous US survey of beef animals (not detected -4.1 ppt toxic equivalency), several animals had exceptionally high concentrations (8-54 ppt toxic equivalency). The investigations of three facilities where highly contaminated animals were raised found pentachlorophenol-treated wood at each site. The congener pattern in the animals' tissues and the lack of elevated PCDD/F levels in other environmental samples, i.e. hay and soil, indicated that the treated wood was the source of contamination. A congener pattern similar to that of pentachlorophenol-exposed animals was seen for the means and medians of the entire data, i.e. OCDD, HpCDD and 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD dominated, the PCDD concentrations equalled or exceeded the furan concentrations, and the concentration of 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD was six times that of the other HxCDD isomers. This suggested that pentachlorophenol-treated wood contributed measurably to many of the animals in this survey. The largest contributors to the median toxic equivalencies were 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD (40%) and 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD (16%). No clear geographical trends emerged from the data. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Huwe, J K AU - Davison, K AU - Feil, V J AU - Larsen, G AU - Lorentzsen, M AU - Zaylskie, R AU - Tiernan, T O AD - USDA, ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, PO Box 5674 Fargo, ND 58105-5674, USA. huwej@fargo.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 182 EP - 194 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Dioxins KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - dibenzofuran KW - 8U54U639VI KW - Pentachlorophenol KW - D9BSU0SE4T KW - dibenzo(1,4)dioxin KW - O1B5KJ235I KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Animal Husbandry -- methods KW - Wood KW - Environmental Pollutants -- administration & dosage KW - Adipose Tissue -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Dioxins -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Pentachlorophenol -- administration & dosage KW - Benzofurans -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80143608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Levels+of+polychlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxins+and+dibenzofurans+in+cattle+raised+at+agricultural+research+facilities+across+the+USA+and+the+influence+of+pentachlorophenol-treated+wood.&rft.au=Huwe%2C+J+K%3BDavison%2C+K%3BFeil%2C+V+J%3BLarsen%2C+G%3BLorentzsen%2C+M%3BZaylskie%2C+R%3BTiernan%2C+T+O&rft.aulast=Huwe&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contrasting and cooperative effects of copper and iron deficiencies in male rats fed different concentrations of manganese and different sources of sulfur amino acids in an AIN-93G-based diet. AN - 80121905; 14747682 AB - Dietary nutrient interactions are important factors to consider in the study of nutrient status and requirements. Here, the effects of dietary interactions among copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and sulfur amino acids (SAA) on blood cell characteristics and enzyme activities were observed. Male rats (n = 8) were used in a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design and fed an AIN-93G-based diet containing dietary Cu (<1 and 5 mg/kg), Fe (10 and 35 mg/kg), Mn (10 and 50 mg/kg) and either L-cystine (LCys) or DL-methionine (DLMet). Blood was analyzed by automated hematology cell counting and by flow cytometry. Severe Cu deficiency was verified by reductions in the activities of serum ceruloplasmin (1% of control), RBC superoxide dismutase (SOD1) (14% of control), liver cytochrome c oxidase activity (25% of control) and serum extracellular SOD (SOD3) activity (20% of controls). Because Cu is required for Fe utilization, many physiologic responses that require Fe were affected by both deficiencies, including lowered blood hemoglobin (Hgb), lower RBC volume and Hgb concentration, and an increased number of reticulocytes. Cu and Fe deficiencies together worsened some conditions, i.e., lower Hgb, lower RBC Hgb, increased RBC distribution width, increased number of reticulocytes and nucleated RBC, and a higher platelet count. Increasing dietary Mn had little effect on most variables, except to reduce serum Cu when dietary Cu was adequate but not when it was low, and to reduce RBC SOD1 activity when dietary Fe was low but not when it was adequate. Hgb concentrations were higher (P < 0.002) in Cu-deficient rats fed LCys than in those fed DLMet. There was no effect in Cu-adequate rats. Hgb was higher (P < 0.004) in Fe-adequate rats fed LCys than in those fed DLMet, with no effect in Fe-deficient rats. Although the anemia of Cu deficiency in AIN-93G-fed rats was not as pronounced as that reported in rats fed the AIN-76A-based diet, other manifestations of the deficiency were prominent. JF - The Journal of nutrition AU - Reeves, Philip G AU - Ralston, Nicholas V C AU - Idso, Joseph P AU - Lukaski, Henry C AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA. preeves@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 416 EP - 425 VL - 134 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3166, 0022-3166 KW - Amino Acids, Sulfur KW - 0 KW - Hemoglobins KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Duodenum -- drug effects KW - Drug Interactions KW - Duodenum -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Manganese -- administration & dosage KW - Manganese -- pharmacology KW - Amino Acids, Sulfur -- administration & dosage KW - Manganese -- blood KW - Iron -- blood KW - Iron -- deficiency KW - Diet KW - Copper -- deficiency KW - Copper -- blood KW - Amino Acids, Sulfur -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80121905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.atitle=Contrasting+and+cooperative+effects+of+copper+and+iron+deficiencies+in+male+rats+fed+different+concentrations+of+manganese+and+different+sources+of+sulfur+amino+acids+in+an+AIN-93G-based+diet.&rft.au=Reeves%2C+Philip+G%3BRalston%2C+Nicholas+V+C%3BIdso%2C+Joseph+P%3BLukaski%2C+Henry+C&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=416&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nutrition&rft.issn=00223166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymatic saccharification of defatted corn germ. AN - 71777260; 15049363 AB - Commercial defatted germ from wet milled corn was efficiently saccharified by a crude enzyme preparation from Aureobasidium sp. with yields of up to 200 mg glucose, 140 mg xylose, and 130 mg arabinose per g germ. These yields exceeded sugar composition estimates based on trifluoroacetic acid digestion. Neither chemical nor mechanical pretreatments were necessary. Results from independent lots of defatted germ were similar. Enzymatically digested germ residues were enriched to 40% (w/v) protein. Defatted germ from dry milled corn contained approx. 50% more starch than wet milled germ and was saccharified to produce up to 315 mg glucose per g germ with reduced yields of pentose sugars. JF - Biotechnology letters AU - Leathers, Timothy D AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA. leathetd@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 203 EP - 207 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Carbohydrates KW - 0 KW - Enzymes KW - Fats KW - Industrial Waste KW - Starch KW - 9005-25-8 KW - Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases KW - EC 3.2.1.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzymes -- chemistry KW - Industrial Waste -- prevention & control KW - Enzymes -- metabolism KW - Fats -- chemistry KW - Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases -- metabolism KW - Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases -- chemistry KW - Ascomycota -- enzymology KW - Carbohydrates -- chemical synthesis KW - Starch -- chemistry KW - Zea mays -- metabolism KW - Starch -- metabolism KW - Seeds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71777260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+letters&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+saccharification+of+defatted+corn+germ.&rft.au=Leathers%2C+Timothy+D&rft.aulast=Leathers&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of euglenoid algae that produce ichthyotoxin(s). AN - 71718078; 15009253 JF - Journal of fish diseases AU - Zimba, P V AU - Rowan, M AU - Triemer, R AD - USDA/ARS/MSA/CGRU, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA. pzimba@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 115 EP - 117 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0140-7775, 0140-7775 KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ictaluridae KW - Bass KW - Euglena -- cytology KW - Fish Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Fresh Water -- analysis KW - Euglena -- chemistry KW - Neurotoxins -- analysis KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71718078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+fish+diseases&rft.atitle=Identification+of+euglenoid+algae+that+produce+ichthyotoxin%28s%29.&rft.au=Zimba%2C+P+V%3BRowan%2C+M%3BTriemer%2C+R&rft.aulast=Zimba&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+fish+diseases&rft.issn=01407775&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological Control of Invasive Species, a Personal Perspective AN - 21217166; 5851331 JF - Conservation Biology AU - Carruthers, R I AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Exotic and Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, U.S.A., ric@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 54 EP - 57 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0888-8892, 0888-8892 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21217166?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Biological+Control+of+Invasive+Species%2C+a+Personal+Perspective&rft.au=Carruthers%2C+R+I&rft.aulast=Carruthers&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Conservation+Biology&rft.issn=08888892&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1523-1739.2004.00173.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00173.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of CXIP4, a novel Arabidopsis protein that activates the H super(+)/Ca super(2+) antiporter, CAX1 AN - 20723581; 6683337 AB - Precise regulation of calcium transporters is essential for modulating the Ca super(2+) signaling network that is involved in the growth and adaptation of all organisms. The Arabidopsis H super(+)/Ca super(2+) antiporter, CAX1, is a high capacity and low affinity Ca super(2+) transporter and several CAX1-like transporters are found in Arabidopsis. When heterologously expressed in yeast, CAX1 is unable to suppress the Ca super(2+) hypersensitivity of yeast vacuolar Ca super(2+) transporter mutants due to an N-terminal autoinhibition mechanism that prevents Ca super(2+) transport. Using a yeast screen, we have identified CAX[sub]interacting Protein 4 (CXIP4) that activated full-length CAX1, but not full-length CAX2, CAX3 or CAX4. CXIP4 encodes a novel plant protein with no bacterial, fungal, animal, or mammalian homologs. Expression of a GFP-CXIP4 fusion in yeast and plant cells suggests that CXIP4 is targeted predominantly to the nucleus. Using a yeast growth assay, CXIP4 activated a chimeric CAX construct that contained specific portions of the N-terminus of CAX1. Together with other recent studies, these results suggest that CAX1 is regulated by several signaling molecules that converge on the N-terminus of CAX1 to regulate H super(+)/Ca super(2+) antiport. JF - FEBS Letters AU - Ferguson, Stuart AU - Cheng, N AD - United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA, ncheng@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 99 EP - 106 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 559 IS - 1-3 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - H+/Ca2+ antiporter KW - Calcium signaling KW - CAX1 KW - Activation KW - Arabidopsis KW - Calcium KW - Adaptations KW - Ca super(2+)/H super(+)-exchanging ATPase KW - Hydrogen KW - Antiport KW - N-Terminus KW - Hypersensitivity KW - Plant cells KW - Calcium signalling KW - Nuclei KW - Calcium transport KW - Signal transduction KW - W 30940:Products KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - K 03320:Cell Biology KW - T 20060:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20723581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+CXIP4%2C+a+novel+Arabidopsis+protein+that+activates+the+H+super%28%2B%29%2FCa+super%282%2B%29+antiporter%2C+CAX1&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Stuart%3BCheng%2C+N&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=559&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+Letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2804%2900036-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hypersensitivity; Adaptations; Calcium; Plant cells; Ca super(2+)/H super(+)-exchanging ATPase; Calcium signalling; Hydrogen; Nuclei; Antiport; Calcium transport; Signal transduction; N-Terminus; Arabidopsis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00036-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of the Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ) for discrete periods AN - 20149625; 5793534 AB - The Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ) is currently used by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to ensure compliance with government guidelines for soil loss from agricultural land. The model uses inputs of soil texture, annual mean climate data, statistically derived wind energy apportionment tables, and field management options to predict soil loss on a management period and annual basis. In this study, we compared estimates of wind erosion derived from the sums of field measurements at seven locations, two of which had multiple years of observations (a total of 14 periods of comparison), with the predictions of WEQ. WEQ under- predicted the observed estimates of 11 of the 14 periods by as much as a factor of nine. For the three periods that WEQ over-predicted observed erosion estimates, the factor was less than 1.5. Across all sites and periods considered in this investigation, WEQ only predicted about 53% of the observed estimated erosion. Analysis of two average years at Big Spring, TX, indicated that WEQ could be locally calibrated by use of increased climatic (C') and soil erodibility (I) values as well as combinations of the two. JF - Environmental Modelling & Software AU - Van Pelt, RS AU - Zobeck, T M AD - USDA-ARS Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit, 302 W. I-20, Big Spring, TX 79720, USA, svanpelt@lbk.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 199 EP - 203 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 1364-8152, 1364-8152 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Wind erosion KW - Soil loss KW - Predictive models KW - Agriculture KW - Compliance KW - Statistical analysis KW - Soil erosion KW - Soil KW - Computer programs KW - Soil erodibility KW - guidelines KW - Water springs KW - USA, Iowa, Big Spring KW - Climate models KW - Climate KW - agriculture KW - wind erosion KW - agricultural land KW - USA KW - Erosion KW - soil texture KW - Wind energy KW - Natural resources KW - Conservation KW - M2 551.556:Wind Effects (551.556) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20149625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software&rft.atitle=Validation+of+the+Wind+Erosion+Equation+%28WEQ%29+for+discrete+periods&rft.au=Van+Pelt%2C+RS%3BZobeck%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Van+Pelt&rft.aufirst=RS&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software&rft.issn=13648152&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1364-8152%2803%2900123-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Erosion; Soil erodibility; Climate models; Natural resources; Statistical analysis; Conservation; Wind erosion; Soil loss; Climate; Compliance; agriculture; wind erosion; agricultural land; Soil erosion; Soil; Computer programs; soil texture; Wind energy; guidelines; Water springs; USA; USA, Iowa, Big Spring DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00123-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Listening to Neglected Voices: American Indian Perspectives on Natural Resource Management AN - 19918889; 5959464 AB - Forestry agencies must ensure that the views of all citizens in our increasingly diverse society are included in decisionmaking. But gaining clear insights into the perspectives of ethnic and minority communities is often difficult. This article summarizes an analysis of news articles about resource management issues written by American Indians and published in Indian newspapers and finds ways in which their attitudes differ from those of many other Americans-particularly in the importance of spiritual values and the validity of traditional knowledge. The news stories also indicate a deep lack of trust in land management agencies. This approach-analyzing perspectives on natural resource management as expressed in a community's own words-can be used to learn about the attitudes of other minority populations. Managers who know how all their constituents think about natural resources will better understand the social context in which decisions need to be made. JF - Journal of Forestry AU - Bengston, D N AD - Social Scientist North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, dbengston@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 48 EP - 52 VL - 102 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1201, 0022-1201 KW - Indigenous knowledge KW - Indigenous populations KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - Decision making KW - Resource management KW - Environmental perception KW - Ethnic groups KW - Forestry KW - M1 325:Human Habitat & Natural Resource Development KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19918889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.atitle=Listening+to+Neglected+Voices%3A+American+Indian+Perspectives+on+Natural+Resource+Management&rft.au=Bengston%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Bengston&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Forestry&rft.issn=00221201&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Decision making; Resource management; Environmental perception; Ethnic groups; Forestry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulating Nitrate Drainage Losses from a Walnut Creek Watershed Field AN - 19404110; 5987099 AB - This study was designed to evaluate the improved version of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) using 6 yr (1992-1997) of field-measured data from a field within Walnut Creek watershed located in central Iowa. Measured data included subsurface drainage flows, NO sub(3)-N concentrations and loads in subsurface drainage water, and corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields. The dominant soil within this field was Webster (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls) and cropping system was corn-soybean rotation. The model was calibrated with 1992 data and was validated with 1993 to 1997 data. Simulations of subsurface drainage flow closely matched observed data showing model efficiency of 99% (EF = 0.99), and difference (D) of 1% between measured and predicted data. The model simulated NO sub(3)-N losses with subsurface drainage water reasonably well with EF = 0.8 and D = 13%. The simulated corn grain yields were in close agreement with measured data with D < 10%. Nitrogen-scenario simulations demonstrated that corn yield response function reached a plateau when N-application rate exceeded 90 kg ha super(-1). Fraction of applied N lost with subsurface drainage water varied from 7 to 16% when N-application rate varied from 30 to 180 kg ha super(-1) after accounting for the nitrate loss with no-fertilizer application. These results indicate that the RZWQM has the potential to simulate the impact of N application rates on corn yields and NO sub(3)-N losses with subsurface drainage flows for agricultural fields in central Iowa. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Bakhsh, A AU - Hatfield, J L AU - Kanwar, R S AU - Ma, L AU - Ahuja, L R AD - Dep. of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State Univ, USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA, rskanwar@iastate.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 114 EP - 123 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - maize KW - soybean KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Streams KW - Glycine max KW - Application Rates KW - Crop Yield KW - USA, Iowa, Ames, Walnut Creek KW - Zea mays KW - USA, Iowa, Walnut Creek KW - Corn KW - Nitrates KW - Drainage KW - Subsurface Drainage KW - Simulation KW - Accounting KW - Inland water environment KW - Model Studies KW - USA, Iowa KW - Groundwater KW - Drainage water KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - Q5 08501:General KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19404110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Simulating+Nitrate+Drainage+Losses+from+a+Walnut+Creek+Watershed+Field&rft.au=Bakhsh%2C+A%3BHatfield%2C+J+L%3BKanwar%2C+R+S%3BMa%2C+L%3BAhuja%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Bakhsh&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitrates; Simulation; Water quality; Watersheds; Inland water environment; Drainage water; Agriculture; Drainage; Groundwater; Corn; Subsurface Drainage; Accounting; Streams; Application Rates; Model Studies; Crop Yield; Zea mays; Glycine max; USA, Iowa, Ames, Walnut Creek; USA, Iowa; USA, Iowa, Walnut Creek ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Leaching and Sorption of Nitrogen and Phosphorus by Crop Residue AN - 19401562; 5963214 AB - Overland flow from cropland areas often contains nutrients and residue materials can either contribute to runoff nutrient load through leaching or remove nutrients by sorption. Measurements were made of leaching and sorption of nitrogen and phosphorus from corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Pastiche) residues placed in solutions containing inorganic nutrients. Variables used were type of residue material, nutrient constituent, solution concentration, and residue/solution contact time. For a given residue material and nutrient constituent, four different solution concentrations were used (PO sub(4)-P: 0 to 16 mu g mL super(-1); NO sub(3)-N and NH sub(4)-N:0 to 24 mu g mL super(-1)), and changes in solution concentration over five selected residue/solution contact times (25 to 86400 sec) were measured. Soybean and wheat residue contained relatively small amounts of NO sub(3) -N and therefore had minimal impact on the NO sub(3)-N content of the solutions. An increase in initial solution concentration did not substantially affect PO sub(4)-P leaching from corn and soybean residue but caused the amount of NH sub(4)-N removed to decrease. As residue solution/contact time increased from 25 to 86400 s (1 day), the amount of PO sub(4)-P leached from corn and soybean residue consistently increased. Wheat residue sorbed PO sub(4)-P with an increase in sorption generally resulting from greater residue solution/contact time. Thus, crop residue materials appear to have the potential to influence the N and P content of runoff through leaching and sorption. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Cermak, J D AU - Gilley, JE AU - Eghball, B AU - Wienhold, B J AD - USDA-ARS, 251 L.W. Chase Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0934, USA, jgilley1@unl.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 113 EP - 118 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Wheat KW - maize KW - soybean KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Sorption KW - Leaching KW - Phosphorus KW - Nutrients KW - Glycine max KW - Crops KW - Soybeans KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Zea mays KW - Corn KW - Runoff KW - Nitrogen KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19401562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Leaching+and+Sorption+of+Nitrogen+and+Phosphorus+by+Crop+Residue&rft.au=Cermak%2C+J+D%3BGilley%2C+JE%3BEghball%2C+B%3BWienhold%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Cermak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorption; Leaching; Phosphorus; Nutrients; Crops; Nitrogen; Corn; Wheat; Runoff; Soybeans; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Glycine max ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reaction of Medicago Truncatula to Aphanomyces Euteiches Race 2 AN - 19301724; 7912538 AB - Aphanomyces euteiches causes root rot disease of alfalfa, and two races of the pathogen have been identified based on the reaction of established check cultivars. A majority of alfalfa cultivars grown in regions where A. euteiches is prevalent have resistance to race 1 of the pathogen, but very few cultivars have resistance to race 2. The genetic basis of resistance in alfalfa to A. euteiches is unknown, in part due to characteristics of alfalfa that impede genetic analysis, including its tetraploid genome and susceptibility to inbreeding depression. The barrel medic, Medicago truncatula, has been suggested as a model organism for the study of legume genetics. Our objective was to evaluate plant introduction (PI) accessions of M. truncatula for resistance to A. euteiches race 2. In repeated experiments, employing standardized testing conditions used for evaluating resistance in alfalfa to A. euteiches, we identified seven M. truncatula accessions with levels of resistance similar to the resistant alfalfa check population WAPH-5. Two M. truncatula accessions were identified that were as susceptible as the susceptible alfalfa check cultivar Saranac. The utility of M. truncatula as a model for studying the genetics of resistance in alfalfa to A. euteiches race 2 is discussed. JF - Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection AU - Vandemark, G J AU - Grunwald, N J AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable and Forage Crop Research Unit, Prosser, WA, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 59 EP - 67 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0323-5408, 0323-5408 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Genomes KW - Aphanomyces euteiches KW - Plant protection KW - Legumes KW - Inbreeding depression KW - Genetic analysis KW - Pathogens KW - Medicago truncatula KW - Root rot KW - Models KW - A 01360:Plant Diseases KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19301724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Phytopathology+and+Plant+Protection&rft.atitle=Reaction+of+Medicago+Truncatula+to+Aphanomyces+Euteiches+Race+2&rft.au=Vandemark%2C+G+J%3BGrunwald%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Vandemark&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Phytopathology+and+Plant+Protection&rft.issn=03235408&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F03235400410001662148 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Plant protection; Legumes; Genetic analysis; Inbreeding depression; Pathogens; Root rot; Models; Aphanomyces euteiches; Medicago truncatula DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235400410001662148 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in the Phyllosphere with That in the Rhizosphere of Spinach and Radish Plants AN - 19270663; 5826500 AB - Campylobacter jejuni has been isolated previously from market produce and has caused gastroenteritis outbreaks linked to produce. We have tested the ability of this human pathogen to utilize organic compounds that are present in leaf and root exudates and to survive in the plant environment under various conditions. Carbon utilization profiles revealed that C. jejuni can utilize many organic acids and amino acids available on leaves and roots. Despite the presence of suitable substrates in the phyllosphere and the rhizosphere, C. jejuni was unable to grow on lettuce and spinach leaves and on spinach and radish roots of plants incubated at 33 degree C, a temperature that is conducive to its growth in vitro. However, C. jejuni was cultured from radish roots and from the spinach rhizosphere for at least 23 and 28 days, respectively, at 10 degree C. This enteric pathogen also persisted in the rhizosphere of spinach for prolonged periods of time at 16 degree C, a temperature at which many cool-season crops are grown. The decline rate constants of C. jejuni populations in the spinach and radish rhizosphere were 10- and 6-fold lower, respectively, than on healthy spinach leaves at 10 degree C. The enhanced survival of C. jejuni in soil and in the rhizosphere may be a significant factor in its contamination cycle in the environment and may be associated with the sporadic C. jejuni incidence and campylobacteriosis outbreaks linked to produce. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Brandl, M T AU - Haxo, A F AU - Bates, AH AU - Mandrell, R E AD - USDA/ARS, WRRC, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, mbrandl@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 1182 EP - 1189 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 70 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Phyllosphere KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Rhizosphere KW - Leaves KW - Survival KW - Roots KW - Organic compounds KW - Nutrient utilization KW - Food-borne diseases KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02901:Soil and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19270663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Survival+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+in+the+Phyllosphere+with+That+in+the+Rhizosphere+of+Spinach+and+Radish+Plants&rft.au=Brandl%2C+M+T%3BHaxo%2C+A+F%3BBates%2C+AH%3BMandrell%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Brandl&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.70.2.1182-1189.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phyllosphere; Rhizosphere; Leaves; Roots; Survival; Nutrient utilization; Organic compounds; Food-borne diseases; Campylobacter jejuni DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.2.1182-1189.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population synchrony within and among Lepidoptera species in relation to weather, phylogeny, and larval phenology AN - 19264981; 5851287 AB - The population dynamics of native herbivore species in central Appalachian deciduous forests were studied by analysing patterns of synchrony among intra- and interspecific populations and weather. Spatial synchrony of 10 Lepidoptera species and three weather variables (minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation) from 12 sites was measured using cross-correlation functions relating levels of synchrony to the distance separating each set of populations. Based on both the pattern of synchrony and the region-wide cross-correlation coefficients, Lepidoptera species appear to be synchronised, at least in part, by local weather conditions. Interspecific cross-correlations were calculated for all sympatric species pairs and trends in interspecific synchrony were related to phylogenetic relatedness, life-history timing, and weather. Interspecific synchrony was highest among species whose larvae were present during the same time of the season, but there was no relationship between interspecific synchrony and phylogenetic affinity. Spatial synchrony of weather variables was significantly related to both species of some interspecific pairs, indicating weather as a potential mechanism involved in synchronising populations of different species. JF - Ecological Entomology AU - Raimondo, S AU - Liebhold, AM AU - Strazanac, J S AU - Butler, L AD - US EPA Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia and West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, U.S.A., raimondo.sandy@epa.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 96 EP - 105 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0307-6946, 0307-6946 KW - Lepidoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Weather KW - USA KW - Phenology KW - Forests KW - Population dynamics KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19264981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Entomology&rft.atitle=Population+synchrony+within+and+among+Lepidoptera+species+in+relation+to+weather%2C+phylogeny%2C+and+larval+phenology&rft.au=Raimondo%2C+S%3BLiebhold%2C+AM%3BStrazanac%2C+J+S%3BButler%2C+L&rft.aulast=Raimondo&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Entomology&rft.issn=03076946&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.0307-6946.2004.00579.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Population dynamics; Forests; Phenology; Weather DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0307-6946.2004.00579.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Influencing Occupancy Of Nest Cavities In Recently Burned Forests TT - Factores que Influencian la Ocupacion de Cavidades de Nidificacion en Bosques Recientemente Quemados AN - 19262229; 5852519 AB - Recently burned forests in western North America provide nesting habitat for many species of cavity-nesting birds. However, little is understood about the time frame and the variables affecting occupancy of postfire habitats by these birds. We studied factors influencing the occupancy and reuse of nest cavities from 1-7 years after fire in two burned sites of western Idaho during 1994-1999. Tree cavities were used for nesting by 12 species of cavity nesters that were classified by the original occupant (strong excavator, weak excavator, or nonexcavator) of 385 nest cavities. We used logistic regression to model cavity occupancy by strong excavators (n = 575 trials) and weak excavators (n = 206 trials). Year after fire had the greatest influence on occupancy of nest cavities for both groups, while site of the burn was secondarily important in predicting occupancy by strong excavators and less important for weak excavators. Predicted probability of cavity occupancy was highest during the early years (1-4) after fire, declined over time (5-7 years after fire), and varied by site, with a faster decline in the smaller burned site with a greater mosaic of unburned forest. Closer proximity and greater interspersion of unburned forest (15% unburned) may have allowed a quicker recolonization by nest predators into the smaller burn compared to the larger burn with few patches of unburned forest (4% unburned). In combination with time and space effects, the predicted probability of cavity occupancy was positively affected by tree and nest heights for strong and weak excavators, respectively.Original Abstract: Los bosques del oeste de America del Norte que han sido recientemente quemados proveen habitat de nidificacion para muchas especies de aves que nidifican en cavidades. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre el marco temporal y las variables que afectan la ocupacion por parte de las aves de los habitats luego del fuego. Entre 1994 y 1999, estudiamos los factores que influencian la ocupacion y el uso repetido de las cavidades de nidificacion entre 1 y 7 anos luego del fuego, en dos sitios quemados en el oeste de Idaho. Las cavidades de los arboles fueron usadas para nidificar por 12 especies de aves, las que fueron clasificadas (385 cavidades) segun el ocupante original (excavador fuerte, excavador debil y no excavador). Usamos regresion logistica para modelar la ocupacion de las cavidades por parte de excavadores fuertes (n = 575 pruebas) y debiles (n = 206 pruebas). El ano luego del fuego tuvo la mayor influencia en la ocupacion de las cavidades de nidificacion para ambos grupos, mientras que el sitio de la quema tuvo una importancia secundaria en predecir la ocupacion por parte de excavadores fuertes y menos importancia por parte de excavadores debiles. La probabilidad predicha de ocupacion de las cavidades fue mayor durante los primeros anos (1-4) luego del fuego, declino con el tiempo (5-7 anos luego del fuego) y vario entre sitios, con una disminucion mas rapida en el sitio quemado mas pequeno que presento un mayor mosaico de bosque no quemado. La proximidad y la mayor dispersion de bosques no quemados (15% no quemado) puede haber permitido una recolonizacion mas rapida de los depredadores de nidos en el sitio quemado pequeno, comparado con el sitio quemado mayor que presento pocos parches de bosque no quemado (4% no quemado). En combinacion con los efectos de tiempo y espacio, la probabilidad predicha de ocupacion de cavidades fue afectada positivamente por la altura de los arboles y de los nidos para los excavadores fuertes y debiles, respectivamente. JF - Condor AU - Saab, V A AU - Dudley, J AU - Thompson, W L AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1648 South 7th Avenue, MSU Campus, Bozeman, MT 59717-2780, vsaab@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 20 EP - 36 PB - Cooper Ornithological Society VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0010-5422, 0010-5422 KW - Birds KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Aves KW - Fires KW - North America KW - Habitat availability KW - Cavity nesters KW - Forests KW - Nests KW - D 04671:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19262229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Condor&rft.atitle=Factors+Influencing+Occupancy+Of+Nest+Cavities+In+Recently+Burned+Forests&rft.au=Saab%2C+V+A%3BDudley%2C+J%3BThompson%2C+W+L&rft.aulast=Saab&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Condor&rft.issn=00105422&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0010-5422%282004%29106%280020%3AFIOONC%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0010-5422&volume=106&page=20 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aves; North America; Forests; Fires; Nests; Cavity nesters; Habitat availability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0010-5422(2004)106(0020:FIOONC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of interaction between AFLR and AFLJ contributes to nonaflatoxigenicity of Aspergillus sojae AN - 19234673; 5816971 AB - Aspergillus sojae, which is believed to be a domesticated strain of Aspergillus parasiticus, contains all of the aflatoxin biosynthetic genes but is unable to produce aflatoxins and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for producing fermented foods. In A. parasiticus both aflR, the aflatoxin pathway-specific regulatory gene, and aflJ, a co-activator gene, are necessary for transcription of genes encoding the aflatoxin biosynthetic enzymes. A. sojae aflR differs from A. parasiticus aflR in that it encodes extra His and Ala, and has a pretermination defect that causes truncation of the carboxyl terminus of the predicted protein. A. sojae aflJ differs from A. parasiticus aflJ in that it encodes a predicted protein with Ser39 replaced by Ala and Ser283 replaced by Pro. Steady-state levels of aflatoxin biosynthetic gene transcripts of aflR, aflJ, pksA, nor1, ver1 and omtA in A. sojae as determined by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were much lower than those of A. parasiticus. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that the truncated A. sojae AFLR did not interact with AFLJ of A. sojae and A. parasiticus but that an A. sojae AFLR reverted to the putative ancestral form interacted normally with AFLJ of A. sojae and A. parasiticus. Deletion analysis showed that both amino- and carboxy-terminal regions of the A. sojae AFLJ were important for the R-J interaction. The truncated A. sojae AFLR thus not only was impaired in its ability to activate transcription of aflatoxin biosynthetic genes, but also was unable to interact with AFLJ, in A. parasiticus both of which are required for normal expression of the aflatoxin biosynthetic genes. Consequently, the lack of aflatoxin-producing ability of A. sojae resulted primarily from two defects in the regulatory mechanism responsible for gene transcription. JF - Journal of Biotechnology AU - Chang, P-K AD - Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 245 EP - 253 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 107 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1656, 0168-1656 KW - aflJ gene KW - aflR gene KW - afolR gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Amino acids KW - Fermented food KW - Aflatoxins KW - Transcription KW - Toxins KW - Gene expression KW - Aspergillus sojae KW - Mycotoxins KW - Gene regulation KW - Aspergillus parasiticus KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - W2 32060:Microorganisms KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19234673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Lack+of+interaction+between+AFLR+and+AFLJ+contributes+to+nonaflatoxigenicity+of+Aspergillus+sojae&rft.au=Chang%2C+P-K&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=P-K&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01681656&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jbiotec.2003.10.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus sojae; Aspergillus parasiticus; Mycotoxins; Toxins; Gene regulation; Gene expression; Transcription; Aflatoxins; Fermented food; Amino acids DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2003.10.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Five Outer Membrane-Associated Proteins among Cross-Protective Factor Proteins of Pasteurella multocida AN - 19226901; 5814345 AB - Fowl cholera is caused by Pasteurella multocida serovars A:1, A:3, and A:4. The 39-kDa cross-protective factor protein and four other membrane proteins of the membrane proteome of P. multocida were identified. We determined that the 39-kDa cross-protective protein was Pasteurella lipoprotein B, or PlpB. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Tabatabai, L B AU - Zehr, E S AD - National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, 2300 Dayton Rd., Ames, IA 50010, lbt@iastate.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 1195 EP - 1198 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - PlpB protein KW - lipoprotein B KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fowl cholera KW - Cross-reactivity KW - Outer membranes KW - Pasteurella multocida KW - Membrane proteins KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19226901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Five+Outer+Membrane-Associated+Proteins+among+Cross-Protective+Factor+Proteins+of+Pasteurella+multocida&rft.au=Tabatabai%2C+L+B%3BZehr%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Tabatabai&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.72.2.1195-1198.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pasteurella multocida; Fowl cholera; Cross-reactivity; Outer membranes; Membrane proteins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.2.1195-1198.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid detection of Salmonella from vegetable rinse-water using real-time PCR AN - 19213605; 5783939 AB - A PCR-based method for the detection of Salmonella spp. from fresh vegetable rinse-water was developed. The method is a modification of an existing Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC)-approved protocol and is compatible for high throughput analysis. The protocol is sensitive enough to detect contamination in mixed-salad (made up of approximately 80% leaf lettuce, 10% red cabbage and 10% carrots by weight) that was washed with water, which was artificially contaminated with Salmonella spp. at the estimated level of 1-10cellsml super(-1). The modified protocol, which includes a confirmatory melt-curve analysis of PCR products, requires 8-10h. The method should help implementation of the HACCAP program for fresh produce. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Bhagwat, A A AD - Produce Quality and Safety Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Bldg. 002, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA, bhagwata@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 73 EP - 78 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - produce KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Detection KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Food contamination KW - Salmonella KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19213605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+detection+of+Salmonella+from+vegetable+rinse-water+using+real-time+PCR&rft.au=Bhagwat%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Bhagwat&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0740-0020%2803%2900020-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Food contamination; Polymerase chain reaction; Detection DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0740-0020(03)00020-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating soil carbon fluxes following land-cover change: a test of some critical assumptions for a region in Costa Rica AN - 18057459; 5875690 AB - Changes in soil carbon storage that accompany land-cover change may have significant effects on the global carbon cycle. The objective of this work was to examine how assumptions about preconversion soil C storage and the effects of land-cover change influence estimates of regional soil C storage. We applied three models of land-cover change effects to two maps of preconversion soil C in a 140 000 ha area of northeastern Costa Rica. One preconversion soil C map was generated using values assigned to tropical wet forest from the literature, the second used values obtained from extensive field sampling. The first model of land-cover change effects used values that are typically applied in global assessments, the second and third models used field data but differed in how the data were aggregated (one was based on land-cover transitions and one was based on terrain attributes). Changes in regional soil C storage were estimated for each combination of model and preconversion soil C for three time periods defined by geo-referenced land-cover maps. The estimated regional soil C under forest vegetation (to 0.3 m) was higher in the map based on field data (10.03 Tg C) than in the map based on literature data (8.90 Tg C), although the range of values derived from propagating estimation errors was large (7.67-12.40 Tg C). Regional soil C storage declined through time due to forest clearing for pasture and crops. Estimated CO sub(2) fluxes depended more on the model of land-cover change effects than on preconversion soil C. Cumulative soil C losses (1950-1996) under the literature model of land-cover effects exceeded estimates based on field data by factors of 3.8-8.0. In order to better constrain regional and global-scale assessments of carbon fluxes from soils in the tropics, future research should focus on methods for extrapolating regional-scale constraints on soil C dynamics to larger spatial and temporal scales. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Powers, J S AU - Read, J M AU - Denslow, J S AU - Guzman, S M AD - Department of Biology, Duke University, PO Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA, Department of Geography, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, 144 Eggers Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244-1020, USA, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, 23 E. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA, powers@life.bio.sunysb.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 170 EP - 181 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Numerical models KW - Carbon in soil KW - Costa Rica KW - Biogeochemical cycles KW - Carbon cycle KW - Soil nutrients KW - Models KW - D 04600:Soil KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18057459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Estimating+soil+carbon+fluxes+following+land-cover+change%3A+a+test+of+some+critical+assumptions+for+a+region+in+Costa+Rica&rft.au=Powers%2C+J+S%3BRead%2C+J+M%3BDenslow%2C+J+S%3BGuzman%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2486.2004.00736.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Costa Rica; Soil nutrients; Carbon cycle; Models; Carbon in soil; Biogeochemical cycles; Numerical models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00736.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of quantitative antibiogram analysis to determine the clonality of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species from blood culture AN - 18036642; 5851679 AB - Two phenotypic methods, quantitative antibiogram analysis and colony morphology, were compared to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for distinguishing the clonality of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species. The results of these three methods were correlated with the patients' clinical findings for 23 episodes in which CNS species were isolated from two blood culture bottles within a 24-h period. Quantitative antibiogram and colony morphology at 24 h correlated with PFGE typing in 21 (91%) and 20 (87%) episodes, respectively. All episodes associated with CNS strains with identical PFGE patterns had quantitative antibiogram similarity coefficients < 10, whereas most episodes associated with strains with different PFGE patterns had quantitative antibiogram similarity coefficients greater than or equal to 17. The CNS isolate pairs were less likely to be associated with infection if the strains had different PFGE types or a quantitative antibiogram similarity coefficient greater than or equal to 17. Clinical microbiology laboratories should consider use of the quantitative antibiogram similarity coefficient to aid clinicians in distinguishing infection-associated CNS blood isolates from contaminants. JF - Clinical Microbiology and Infection AU - Bearson, B L AU - Labarca, JA AU - Brankovic, LE AU - Cohen, M AU - Bruckner, DA AU - Pegues, DA AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, PO Box 70, A-1, 2300 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA, bbearson@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 148 EP - 155 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1198-743X, 1198-743X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Coagulase KW - Blood KW - Colonies KW - Clonal selection KW - Staphylococcus KW - Morphology KW - Contaminants KW - Infection KW - Phenotypes KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18036642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Use+of+quantitative+antibiogram+analysis+to+determine+the+clonality+of+coagulase-negative+Staphylococcus+species+from+blood+culture&rft.au=Bearson%2C+B+L%3BLabarca%2C+JA%3BBrankovic%2C+LE%3BCohen%2C+M%3BBruckner%2C+DA%3BPegues%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Bearson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=1198743X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1469-0691.2004.00753.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coagulase; Blood; Clonal selection; Colonies; Morphology; Infection; Contaminants; Phenotypes; Staphylococcus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.00753.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Topographical attributes to predict soil hydraulic properties along a hillslope transect AN - 18027256; 5844877 AB - Basic soil properties have long been used to predict unsaturated soil hydraulic properties with pedotransfer function (PTFs). Implementation of such PTFs is usually not feasible for catchment-scale studies because of the experimental effort that would be required. On the other hand, topographical attributes are often readily available. This study therefore examines how well PTFs perform that use both basic soil properties and topographical attributes for a hillslope in Basilicata, Italy. Basic soil properties and hydraulic data were determined on soil samples taken at 50-m intervals along a 5-km hillslope transect. Topographical attributes were determined from a digital elevation model. Spearman coefficients showed that elevation (z) was positively correlated with organic carbon (OC) and silt contents (0.62 and 0.59, respectively) and negatively with bulk density ( rho sub(b)) and sand fraction (-0.34 and-0.37). Retention parameters were somewhat correlated with topographical attributes z, slope ( beta ), aspect (cos), and potential solar radiation. Water contents were correlated most strongly with elevation (coefficient between 0.38 and 0.48) and aspect during 'wet' conditions. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed for 21 different sets of predictors to estimate retention parameters, saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sub(s)), and water contents at capillary heads h = 50 cm and 12 bar (10 super(3) cm). The prediction of retention parameters could be improved with 10% by including topography (RMSE = 0.0327 cm super(3) cm super(-3)) using textural fractions, rho sub(b), OC, z, and beta as predictors. Furthermore, OC became a better predictor when the PTF also used z as predictor. The water content at h = 50 cm could be predicted 26% more accurately (RMSE = 0.0231 cm super(3)cm super(-3)) using texture, rho sub(b), OC, z, beta , and potential solar radiation as input. Predictions of ANNs with and without topographical attributes were most accurate in the wet range (0 < h < 250 cm). Semivariograms of the hydraulic parameters and their residuals showed that the ANNs could explain part of the (spatial) variability. The results of this study confirm the utility of topographical attributes such as z, beta , cos, and potential solar radiation as predictors for PTFs when basic soil properties are available. A next step would be the use of topographical attributes when no or limited other predictors are available. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Leij, F J AU - Romano, N AU - Palladino, M AU - Schaap, M G AU - Coppola, A AD - George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA and Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 USA, [mailto:service@agu.org], [URL:http://www.agu.org] VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Citation No. W02407 KW - Hydraulic conductivity KW - Prediction KW - Italy KW - Italy, Basilicata KW - Neural Networks KW - Soil properties KW - Soil Properties KW - Data Interpretation KW - Spatial variability KW - Hydraulic Properties KW - Data Collections KW - Topography KW - Topographic influences KW - Neural networks KW - Hydraulic properties KW - Catchment Areas KW - Model Studies KW - Water resources research KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - M2 556.14:Infiltration/Soil Moisture (556.14) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18027256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Topographical+attributes+to+predict+soil+hydraulic+properties+along+a+hillslope+transect&rft.au=Leij%2C+F+J%3BRomano%2C+N%3BPalladino%2C+M%3BSchaap%2C+M+G%3BCoppola%2C+A&rft.aulast=Leij&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2002WR001641 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication date refers to online version. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment Areas; Soil Properties; Topography; Data Collections; Data Interpretation; Hydraulic Properties; Model Studies; Neural Networks; Prediction; Italy, Basilicata; Italy; Soil properties; Hydraulic properties; Hydraulic conductivity; Spatial variability; Water resources research; Topographic influences; Neural networks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001641 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adding Gaussian noise to inaccurate digital elevation models improves spatial fidelity of derived drainage networks AN - 18026913; 5844814 AB - An economical approach to improving predictions of hydrological models produced highly accurate representations of ephemeral and perennial stream networks. Traditional drainage network extraction from digital elevation models (DEMs) often yields inaccurate and inconsistent results because of elevation errors. Topographic wetness index maps calculated from alternative terrain representations, produced by adding random errors to a DEM of a subwatershed with low relief, were combined to delineate a stream network that matches one produced by more time-intensive (and costly) differential Global Positioning System (GPS) field methods, particularly with respect to the ephemeral component of the drainage network. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Gatziolis, D AU - Fried, J S AD - Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Portland Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Portland, Oregon, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 PB - American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 USA, [mailto:service@agu.org] VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Drainage networks KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Citation No. W02508 KW - digital elevation error (DEM) error KW - terrain modeling KW - drainage networks KW - simulation KW - wetness index KW - 1848 Hydrology: Networks KW - 1860 Hydrology: Runoff and streamflow KW - 1869 Hydrology: Stochastic processes KW - Catchment area KW - Prediction KW - Data handling KW - Hydraulic models KW - Freshwater KW - Maps KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Wetness index KW - Streams KW - Streamflow regime KW - Distribution (Mathematical) KW - Topography KW - Hydrologic models KW - Modelling KW - Rivers KW - Fluvial morphology KW - Catchment Areas KW - Maps and mapping KW - Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite KW - River basins KW - Drainage Patterns KW - Model Studies KW - Stream flow KW - Ephemeral Streams KW - Perennial Streams KW - Data Processing KW - Drainage network KW - Water resources research KW - Runoff KW - SW 5080:Evaluation, processing and publication KW - SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff KW - Q2 09162:Methods and instruments KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - M2 556.072:Models, analogies, etc. (556.072) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18026913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Adding+Gaussian+noise+to+inaccurate+digital+elevation+models+improves+spatial+fidelity+of+derived+drainage+networks&rft.au=Gatziolis%2C+D%3BFried%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Gatziolis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1029%2F2002WR001735 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Publication date refers to online version. N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Catchment area; Rivers; Fluvial morphology; Hydraulic models; River basins; Runoff; Modelling; Stream flow; Streamflow regime; Drainage network; Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite; Water resources research; Wetness index; Hydrologic models; Data handling; Distribution (Mathematical); Catchment Areas; Maps and mapping; Streams; Topography; Perennial Streams; Ephemeral Streams; Data Processing; Spatial Distribution; Drainage Patterns; Maps; Model Studies; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001735 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transcriptional immune responses by honey bee larvae during invasion by the bacterial pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae AN - 18002239; 5945185 AB - Honey bee larvae are highly susceptible to the bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae only during the first instar of larval development. Transcript levels were measured for genes encoding two antimicrobial peptides, abaecin and defensin, as well as for two candidates in the immune response cascade (PGRP-LD and masquerade) in control larvae and larvae exposed to the pathogen. Transcripts for all four are present throughout development. This suggests that other physiological or dietary factors may better explain the age-based change in vulnerability to this pathogen. One of these genes, abaecin, shows significant up-regulation 24h following oral inoculation with P. larvae, precisely when the bacterium surmounts the midgut epithelia of bees. Expression of both antimicrobial peptides varied by 1000-fold across different nestmate bees, indicating an allelic component to their expression. The implications of these results for current hypotheses related to disease tolerance in social insects are discussed, along with implications for breeding bees resistant to this important disease. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Evans, J D AD - USDA-ARS Bee Research Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 105 EP - 111 VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Honey bee KW - abaecin KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Defensins KW - Paenibacillus larvae KW - Apis mellifera KW - Transcription KW - Peptides KW - Immunity KW - Pathogens KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Z 05182:Pathology KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - N 14550:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18002239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Transcriptional+immune+responses+by+honey+bee+larvae+during+invasion+by+the+bacterial+pathogen%2C+Paenibacillus+larvae&rft.au=Evans%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jip.2004.02.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Defensins; Transcription; Peptides; Pathogens; Immunity; Paenibacillus larvae; Apis mellifera DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2004.02.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elicitors of plant defense responses from biocontrol strains of Trichoderma virens AN - 17986223; 5935860 AB - Effective biocontrol strains of Trichoderma virens can induce the production of defense-related compounds in the roots of cotton. Ineffective strains do not induce these compounds to significant levels. This elicitation was found to be heat stable, insoluble in chloroform, passed through a 5K molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) filter, but not a 3 K MWCO filter, and was sensitive to treatment by proteinase K. When the active material was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, several bands were present in the material from biocontrol-active strains that were lacking in inactive strains. When eluted and tested for elicitation activity, with or without renaturation, four bands stimulated cotton terpenoid production. One band showed cross-reaction with an antibody to the ethylene-inducing xylanase from T. viride. Another band of approximately 18 kDa, gave significant stimulation of cotton terpenoid production and increased peroxidase activity in cotton radicles in all tests, with or without renaturation. The 18-kDa protein was subjected to amino-terminal sequence analysis, and the first 19 amino acids at the amino terminus were determined to be DTVSYDTGYDN-GSRSLNDV. A database homology search using the BLASTp algorithm showed the highest similarity to a serine proteinase from Fusurium sporotrichioides. JF - Phytopathology AU - Hanson, LE AU - Howell, C R AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Sugar Beet Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO 80526, lehanson@lamar.colostate.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 171 EP - 176 VL - 94 IS - 2 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - 18-kDA protein KW - Terpenoids KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Chloroform KW - Serine proteinase KW - Peroxidase KW - Fusarium sporotrichioides KW - Hypocrea virens KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Xylan endo-1,3- beta -xylosidase KW - A 01014:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17986223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Elicitors+of+plant+defense+responses+from+biocontrol+strains+of+Trichoderma+virens&rft.au=Hanson%2C+LE%3BHowell%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Chloroform; Serine proteinase; Peroxidase; Gel electrophoresis; Xylan endo-1,3- beta -xylosidase; Hypocrea virens; Fusarium sporotrichioides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overwintering Squash Bugs Harbor and Transmit the Causal Agent of Cucurbit Yellow Vine Disease AN - 17972638; 5922846 AB - Since 1988, cucurbit crops, particularly watermelon, cantaloupe, and squash, grown in Oklahoma and Texas have experienced devastating losses from cucurbit yellow vine disease (CYVD), caused by the phloem-limited bacterium Serratia marcescens Bizio. Squash bug, Anasa tristis (De Geer), is a putative vector of the pathogen. In 2000-2001, overwintering populations of squash bug collected from DeLeon, TX, were tested for their ability to harbor and transmit the bacterium. Individual squash bugs (n = 73) were caged serially for periods of up to 7 d on at least four squash seedlings. Two studies were conducted, one with insects collected in November 2000 placed on first true leaf-stage seedlings and the second with insects from an April 2001 collection, placed on 3-5 true leaf-stage squash. Controls consisted of squash seedlings caged without insects. Squash bug transmission rates of the pathogen in studies I and II were 20 and 7.5%, respectively. Overall, 11.0% of the squash bugs harbored and successfully transmitted the bacterium to squash seedlings. All control plants tested negative for S. marcescens and did not exhibit CYVD. Female squash bugs killed a significantly greater proportion of young first leaf-stage seedlings than males. Feeding on 3-5 leafstage squash resulted in no plant mortality regardless of squash bug gender. This study demonstrated that the squash bug harbors S. marcescens in its overwintering state. The squash bug-S. marcescens overwintering relationship reported herein greatly elevates the pest status of squash bug and places more importance on development of integrated strategies for reducing potential overwintering and emerging squash bug populations. JF - Journal of Economic Entomology AU - Pair, S D AU - Bruton, B D AU - Mitchell, F AU - Fletcher, J AU - Wayadande, A AU - Melcher, U Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 74 EP - 78 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 1 SN - 0022-0493, 0022-0493 KW - Hemiptera KW - Stink bugs KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Vector-borne diseases KW - Pentatomidae KW - Disease transmission KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Serratia marcescens KW - Plant diseases KW - Overwintering KW - Pest control KW - Host plants KW - Anasa tristis KW - Disease reservoirs KW - Seedlings KW - USA, Texas KW - A 01028:Others KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17972638?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.atitle=Overwintering+Squash+Bugs+Harbor+and+Transmit+the+Causal+Agent+of+Cucurbit+Yellow+Vine+Disease&rft.au=Pair%2C+S+D%3BBruton%2C+B+D%3BMitchell%2C+F%3BFletcher%2C+J%3BWayadande%2C+A%3BMelcher%2C+U&rft.aulast=Pair&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Economic+Entomology&rft.issn=00220493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0022-0493%282004%29097%280074%3AOSBHAT%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0022-0493&volume=97&page=74 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pentatomidae; Serratia marcescens; Anasa tristis; USA, Oklahoma; USA, Texas; Plant diseases; Vector-borne diseases; Disease reservoirs; Seedlings; Disease transmission; Overwintering; Pest control; Host plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0022-0493(2004)097(0074:OSBHAT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First Report of Xylella fastidiosa Associated with Leaf Scorch in Black Oak in Washington, D.C. AN - 17961856; 5896505 AB - Bacterial leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa has been reported in 17 species of oak including bur, pin, red, scarlet, shingle, and white oaks (3). In September 2002, a leaf scorch symptom characterized by marginal necrosis of leaves bordered by a darker brown band was observed in a mature black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.) at the U.S. National Arboretum in Washington, D.C. The leaf petiole of the black oak was processed in general extraction buffer (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN) contained in a FastDNA lysing matrix tube using the FastPrep FP120 instrument (Qbiogene, Inc., Carlsbad, CA) (1). The leaf petiole extract reacted with an antiserum specific for X. fastidiosa (Agadia, Inc.) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A slow-growing bacterium was cultured from leaf petioles of the affected black oak tree by soaking the surface-sterilized, finely cut leaf petioles in sterile water for 30 min, followed by spreading the bacterial suspension on periwinkle wilt plates (1). When the cultured bacterium was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific for X. fastidiosa (2), a 472-bp PCR product was detected. The PCR product was confirmed to be the predicted X. fastidiosa product by sequencing and sequence comparison with the reported genomic sequence of X. fastidiosa. ELISA and bacterial isolation from leaf petioles of a nearby symptomless white oak (Q. alba L.) tree were negative. To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. fastidiosa associated with leaf scorch in black oak in the United States, expanding the host range of the bacterium in economically important landscape tree species. JF - Plant Disease AU - Huang, Q AD - Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, U.S. National Arboretum, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 224 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Black oak KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Quercus velutina KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Leaf scorch KW - USA, Washington, D.C. KW - J 02880:Plant diseases KW - A 01044:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17961856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+Report+of+Xylella+fastidiosa+Associated+with+Leaf+Scorch+in+Black+Oak+in+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.au=Huang%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xylella fastidiosa; Quercus velutina; USA, Washington, D.C.; Leaf scorch; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activity of Chlorine Dioxide in a Solution of Ions and pH Against Thielaviopsis basicola and Fusarium oxysporum AN - 17961616; 5896486 AB - Chlorine dioxide (ClO sub(2)) is a disinfestant used to control pathogens in water. To determine if interactions between inorganic ions and pH levels effect ClO sub(2) activity in vitro, concentrations of ClO sub(2) (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 22, 24, 46, 58, and 70 mg/liter) were mixed for 10 min in solutions containing a nitrogen and hard water solution with equal concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and synthetic hard water (0 and 100 mg/liter) and a divalent metal ion solution with equal concentrations of copper, iron, manganese, and zinc (0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/liter) at pH 5 and 8. Macro- and microconidia of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. narcissi or conidia and aleuriospores of Thielaviopsis basicola were injected into each suspension for 30 s, captured on filter paper disks that were flushed with water, and plated on 50% potato dextrose agar. Spore germination was quantified after 1 day. ClO sub(2) activity had a similar effect on both fungal species and all types of propagules with interactions among the divalent metal ion solution, nitrogen and hard water solution, and pH treatments. A higher concentration of ClO sub(2) was required at pH 8 than at pH 5 to achieve a lethal dose resulting in 50% mortality of spores (LD sub(50)). The addition of the divalent metal ion solution required an increase in ClO sub(2) concentration to maintain a LD sub(50). When combined with the nitrogen and hard water solution, the divalent metal ion solution placed a higher demand on ClO sub(2) at pH 5 and a lower demand on ClO sub(2) at pH 8, thus requiring an increase and decrease in a ClO sub(2) concentration, respectively, to achieve a LD sub(50). Chlorine dioxide doses resulting in 50% mortality ranged from 0.5 to 7.0 mg/liter for conidia of F. oxysporum, 0.5 to 11.9 mg/liter for conidia of T. basicola, and 15.0 to 45.5 mg/liter for aleuriospores of T. basicola. JF - Plant Disease AU - Copes, W E AU - Chastaganer, G A AU - Hummel, R L AD - Small Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA, wcopes@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 188 EP - 194 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Ions KW - Conidia KW - Thielaviopsis basicola KW - Fusarium oxysporum narcissi KW - Chlorine dioxide KW - Spores KW - pH effects KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01031:Antifungal & fungicidal agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17961616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Activity+of+Chlorine+Dioxide+in+a+Solution+of+Ions+and+pH+Against+Thielaviopsis+basicola+and+Fusarium+oxysporum&rft.au=Copes%2C+W+E%3BChastaganer%2C+G+A%3BHummel%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Copes&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thielaviopsis basicola; Fusarium oxysporum narcissi; pH effects; Ions; Chlorine dioxide; Conidia; Spores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Cercosporella rubi on Blackberry Floral Bud Development AN - 17960362; 5896487 AB - Rosette, caused by the fungus Cercosporella rubi, is an important blackberry disease in the southeastern United States. This disease severely reduces fruit production, and its management has been erratic due to a limited understanding of the host-pathogen relationship. In this study, we expand on previous histological investigations of the development of C. rubi on blackberry at tissue and cellular levels from floral bud initiation through senescence of the flower. Symptomatic and asymptomatic floral buds were examined with light microscopy and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively). Fungal development on the surface of floral buds was examined with SEM. Previous light microscope histological studies were unclear about whether C. rubi penetrated host tissue. With TEM, we demonstrated an intimate association between fungal and host cells with no penetration prior to death of the host tissue. C. rubi was present on symptomatic floral buds before development and through senescence. No morphological differences were seen between healthy and diseased floral buds less than or equal to 5.0 mm in diameter other than the presence of C. rubi. Necrosis was observed in symptomatic buds at the 6.0-mm-diameter stage and progressed through floral senescence. JF - Plant Disease AU - Lyman, M R AU - Curry, K J AU - Smith, B J AU - Diehl, S V AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Small Fruit Research Station, Poplarville, MS 39470, USA, BarbaraSmith@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 195 EP - 204 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Flowers KW - Rubus KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Cercosporella rubi KW - Budding KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17960362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Cercosporella+rubi+on+Blackberry+Floral+Bud+Development&rft.au=Lyman%2C+M+R%3BCurry%2C+K+J%3BSmith%2C+B+J%3BDiehl%2C+S+V&rft.aulast=Lyman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cercosporella rubi; Rubus; Flowers; Budding; Transmission electron microscopy; Scanning electron microscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships Between Seed Germinability of Spergularia marina (Caryophyllaceae) and the Formation of Zonal Communities in an Inland Salt Marsh AN - 17952643; 5900780 AB - Background and Aims The formation of zonal communities may be attributed to differences in germination across the community and to timing of germination of seeds present in the seed bank. Our goals were two-fold: (1) to assess the annual germination pattern of Spergularia marina; and (2) to determine whether germination of S. marina differed across zonal communities. Methods Fresh seeds were buried in an experimental garden in polyester bags. Bags were harvested monthly for 1 year and exposed to differing 12 h/12 h temperature regimes (5/15 degree C, 5/25 degree C, 15/25 degree C and 20/35 degree C) with a 12 h dark/12 h light photoperiod. Replicate seeds were exposed to 24 h dark. Seeds were also placed in different zonal communities to assess germinability in the field. Key Results Spergularia marina has a primary physiological dormancy. Conditional dormancy occurs from December to May and non-dormancy from June to November. Field germination initiates in the spring when temperatures are cool and salinity is low due to flooding, and ceases in the summer when temperatures exceed germination requirements. Spergularia marina has a light requirement for germination. Conclusions If seeds become buried in the field or are light inhibited by Phragmites australis, they will remain dormant until they receive an adequate amount of light for germination. Since S. marina can germinate across all zones in a salt-marsh community, the formation of zonal communities is not determined at the germination stage, but at some later stage of development. JF - Annals of Botany AU - Carter, C T AU - Ungar, IA AD - US Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA, ccarter@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 119 EP - 125 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0305-7364, 0305-7364 KW - Pinks KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Timing KW - Germination KW - Seeds KW - Ecological zonation KW - Caryophyllaceae KW - Brackish KW - Spergularia marina KW - Environmental factors KW - Light effects KW - Vegetation cover KW - Seed banks KW - Salt marshes KW - Seed germination KW - Plant communities KW - Plant populations KW - Dormancy KW - Shading KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q1 08224:Reproduction and development KW - D 04200:Wetlands UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17952643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Relationships+Between+Seed+Germinability+of+Spergularia+marina+%28Caryophyllaceae%29+and+the+Formation+of+Zonal+Communities+in+an+Inland+Salt+Marsh&rft.au=Carter%2C+C+T%3BUngar%2C+IA&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Botany&rft.issn=03057364&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Faob%2Fmch018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Germination; Vegetation cover; Ecological zonation; Seeds; Salt marshes; Shading; Dormancy; Plant populations; Environmental factors; Light effects; Timing; Seed banks; Seed germination; Plant communities; Caryophyllaceae; Spergularia marina; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate and characteristics of Picea damaged by Elatobium abietinum (Walker) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in the White Mountains of Arizona AN - 17950884; 5900833 AB - Spruce aphid, Elatobium abietinum (Walker), is a new invasive pest in high-elevation forests of south-western USA. Plots in the White Mountains of Arizona were evaluated over several years to assess the extent and severity of damage in high-elevation forests and to identify tree and site characteristics associated with defoliation and mortality. Large areas were defoliated in each of 4 recent outbreaks. Impact from a single defoliation episode included an overall mortality of 10.3% to Picea engelmannii Parry, 24%-41% in severely defoliated trees. Defoliation severity was much greater on P. engelmannii than on P. pungens Engelm. and was more severe in the lower canopy layers. Retention of foliage in the upper-crown third of individual trees was a critical factor in tree survivorship. Mortality was associated with defoliation severity and severe infection by Arceuthobium microcarpum (Engelmann) Hawksworth & Wiens. Picea pungens was much more susceptible to A. microcarpum than was P. engelmannii. The combined effects of high levels of defoliation and mistletoe infection were lethal, resulting in almost 70% mortality. Mortality continued to occur at least 3 years after defoliation. This aphid will affect natural disturbance regimes and tree population dynamics in mixed-conifer and spruce-fir forests of the American Southwest. JF - Western North American Naturalist AU - Lynch, A M AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 South Pine Knoll, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-6381, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 7 EP - 17 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 1527-0904, 1527-0904 KW - Homoptera KW - Spruces KW - Aphids KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Pest attack KW - Damage KW - Aphididae KW - Host plants KW - Picea KW - USA, Arizona KW - D 04635:Conifers KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17950884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Fate+and+characteristics+of+Picea+damaged+by+Elatobium+abietinum+%28Walker%29+%28Homoptera%3A+Aphididae%29+in+the+White+Mountains+of+Arizona&rft.au=Lynch%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Western+North+American+Naturalist&rft.issn=15270904&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picea; Aphididae; USA, Arizona; Damage; Pest attack; Host plants ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First Report of Ash Anthracnose Caused by Discula fraxinea in Oregon AN - 17949229; 5896499 AB - Anthracnose on ash trees has been observed on landscape trees in western Oregon, yet there has been no formal report of the disease or its causal fungus. Anthracnose symptoms are observed annually in May and become severe by July when defoliation starts to occur. From 1989 to now, samples have been received from Benton, Josephine, and Marion counties, suggesting that ash anthracnose has been present throughout western Oregon for some time. To identify the causal agent, a fungus was isolated from acervuli on necrotic lesions on leaves of cultivated white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) trees in Benton County in July 2003. The acervuli produced hyaline, nonseptate, ellipsoid conidia 5 to 11 x 3.5 to 6 mu m in diameter. The fungus was identified as Discula fraxinea (Peck) Redlin & Stack (teleomorph Gnomoniella fraxini Redlin & Stack) (2). The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (GenBank Accession No. AY455814) and large subunit (GenBank Accession No. AY455818) nrDNA agreed with those of D. fraxinea from Maryland, except for three single-base substitutions and three insertions/deletions in ITS1. Ash anthracnose has been reported from the central and eastern United States and California, the prairie provinces in Canada, and recently, from British Columbia (1). A specimen (U.S. National Fungus Collections BPI 843391) and culture (Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures CBS 114053) of D. fraxinea from Oregon were deposited. JF - Plant Disease AU - Rossman, A Y AU - Castlebury, LA AU - Putnam, M L AD - Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 222 VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - White ash KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Leaves KW - Discula fraxinea KW - Anthracnose KW - Fraxinus excelsior KW - USA, Oregon KW - Fraxinus americana KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01045:Diseases & treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17949229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+Report+of+Ash+Anthracnose+Caused+by+Discula+fraxinea+in+Oregon&rft.au=Rossman%2C+A+Y%3BCastlebury%2C+LA%3BPutnam%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Rossman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Discula fraxinea; Fraxinus excelsior; Fraxinus americana; USA, Oregon; Anthracnose; Leaves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) production from concentrated substrate: reduction in substrate inhibition by fed-batch technique and product inhibition by gas stripping AN - 17910101; 5867613 AB - Acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) was produced in an integrated fed-batch fermentation-gas stripping product-recovery system using Clostridium beijerinckii BA101, with H sub(2) and CO sub(2) as the carrier gases. This technique was applied in order to eliminate the substrate and product inhibition that normally restricts ABE production and sugar utilization to less than 20 g l super(-1) and 60 g l super(-1), respectively. In the integrated fed-batch fermentation and product recovery system, solvent productivities were improved to 400% of the control batch fermentation productivities. In a control batch reactor, the culture used 45.4 g glucose l super(-1) and produced 17.6 g total solvents l super(-1) (yield 0.39 g g super(-1), productivity 0.29 g l super(-1) h super(-1)). Using the integrated fermentation-gas stripping product-recovery system with CO sub(2) and H sub(2) as carrier gases, we carried out fed-batch fermentation experiments and measured various characteristics of the fermentation, including ABE production, selectivity, yield and productivity. The fed-batch reactor was operated for 201 h. At the end of the fermentation, an unusually high concentration of total acids (8.5 g l super(-1)) was observed. A total of 500 g glucose was used to produce 232.8 g solvents (77.7 g acetone, 151.7 g butanol, 3.4 g ethanol) in 1 l culture broth. The average solvent yield and productivity were 0.47 g g super(-1) and 1.16 g l super(-1) h super(-1), respectively. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Ezeji, T C AU - Qureshi, N AU - Blaschek, H P AD - Fermentation/Biotechnology Research, United States Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N University Street, IL 61604, Peoria, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 653 EP - 658 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 63 IS - 6 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - gas stripping KW - Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fermentation KW - Clostridium beijerinckii KW - Substrates KW - Acetone KW - butanol KW - Ethanol KW - Batch culture KW - A 01014:Others KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17910101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Acetone+butanol+ethanol+%28ABE%29+production+from+concentrated+substrate%3A+reduction+in+substrate+inhibition+by+fed-batch+technique+and+product+inhibition+by+gas+stripping&rft.au=Ezeji%2C+T+C%3BQureshi%2C+N%3BBlaschek%2C+H+P&rft.aulast=Ezeji&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-003-1400-x L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00253/bibs/4063006/40630653.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; Substrates; Acetone; butanol; Batch culture; Ethanol; Clostridium beijerinckii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1400-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Woody Debris as a Component of Ecological Diversity in Thinned and Unthinned Northern Hardwood Forests AN - 17904231; 5868259 AB - We examined the effects of management on coarse woody debris, both standing and downed, in thinned and unthinned northern hardwood forests in upper Michigan. The unthinned conditions included old growth and second growth, while the thinned conditions included both even- and uneven-aged management. The structural features analyzed were stem diameter, density, basal area, and height of snags and live trees, as well as volume, diameter, and decay state of downed woody debris (DWD). As measured by these features, the relative structural complexity among the forest conditions was generally old growth > uneven-aged > second growth similar to even-aged. Although snag density was highest in second-growth forests, old growth had the highest snag basal area. Old growth also had the largest volume of DWD, second growth and even-aged had the least, and uneven-aged had an intermediate value. Unlike old growth, other treatments lacked large diameter (> 40 cm) snags and DWD. If prescriptions are changed to allow for the creation of larger snags and DWD, particularly those > 60 cm in diameter, stands can be managed to more closely resemble these structural aspects of old-growth forests. JF - Natural Areas Journal AU - Hura, CE AU - Crow, T R AD - USDA Forest Service, WFWAR, Stop Code 1113, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20090, USA, tcrow@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 57 EP - 64 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0885-8608, 0885-8608 KW - coarse Woody Debris KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Michigan KW - Forest management KW - Thinning KW - Old growth KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17904231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.atitle=Woody+Debris+as+a+Component+of+Ecological+Diversity+in+Thinned+and+Unthinned+Northern+Hardwood+Forests&rft.au=Hura%2C+CE%3BCrow%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Hura&rft.aufirst=CE&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Areas+Journal&rft.issn=08858608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Michigan; Thinning; Forest management; Old growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ectomycorrhizal Formation in Herbicide-Treated Soils of Differing Clay and Organic Matter Content AN - 17902431; 5861136 AB - Herbicides are commonly used on private timberlands in the western United States for site preparation and control of competing vegetation. How non-target soil biota respond to herbicide applications, however, is not thoroughly understood. We tested the effects of triclorpyr, imazapyr, and sulfometuron methyl on ectomycorrhizal formation in a greenhouse study. Ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, and white fir seedlings were grown in four forest soils ranging in clay content from 9 to 33% and organic matter content from 3 to 17%, and treated with commercial formulations of each herbicide at 0, 1.0, and 2.0 times the recommended field rate. Many of the possible herbicide-soil combinations resulted in reduced seedling growth. Root development was particularly sensitive to the three herbicides, with an average of 51% fewer root tips compared to the control treatment. The ability of mycorrhizal fungi to infect the remaining root tips, however, was uninhibited. Mycorrhizal formation was high, averaging 91% of all root tips, regardless of herbicide, application rate, soil type, or conifer species. In agreement, soil microbial biomass and respiratory activity were unaffected by the herbicide treatments. The results show that these herbicides do not alter the capability of mycorrhizal fungi to infect roots, even at concentrations detrimental to seedling growth. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Busse, MD AU - Fiddler, GO AU - Ratcliff, A W AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redding, CA, U.S.A., mbusse@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 23 EP - 34 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 152 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Clay KW - Organic matter KW - Fungi KW - Herbicides KW - Soil KW - Biota KW - Seedlings KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17902431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Ectomycorrhizal+Formation+in+Herbicide-Treated+Soils+of+Differing+Clay+and+Organic+Matter+Content&rft.au=Busse%2C+MD%3BFiddler%2C+GO%3BRatcliff%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Busse&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AWATE.0000015335.32888.36 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Biota; Clay; Fungi; Organic matter; Seedlings; Herbicides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WATE.0000015335.32888.36 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased Inactivation of Ozone-Treated Clostridium perfringens Vegetative Cells and Spores on Fabricated Beef Surfaces Using Mild Heat AN - 17901653; 5863150 AB - Ozone treatment of beef surfaces enhanced the effectiveness of cooking temperatures ranging from 45 to 75 degree C against enterotoxin-producing strains of Clostridium perfringens. Vegetative cells on beef surfaces at an initial concentration of 5.59 plus or minus 0.17 logCFU/g were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) to 4.09 plus or minus 0.72 logCFU/g and 3.50 plus or minus 0.90 logCFU/g after combined treatments with aqueous ozone (5 ppm) and subsequent heating at 45 and 55 degree C, respectively. Spores on the beef surface were likewise significantly reduced from an initial concentration of 2.94 plus or minus 0.37 log spores per g to 2.07 plus or minus 0.38 log spores per g and 1.70 plus or minus 0.37 log spores per g after the combined treatment with aqueous ozone (5 ppm) and subsequent heating at 55 and 75 degree C, respectively. Fluorescent nucleic acid stains were used with confocal fluorescence microscopy to show that spores remaining attached to the meat were protected from treatment-specific injury. This study provides evidence for the decreased resistance of both vegetative cells and spores of C. perfringens with ozone treatment that is followed by heat treatment at temperatures that would not otherwise be as effective, thus lowering the requirements for cooking beef while maintaining a margin of safety. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Novak, J S AU - Yuan, JTC AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 342 EP - 346 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Meat products KW - Beef KW - Confocal microscopy KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Spores KW - Heat treatments KW - Food contamination KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17901653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Increased+Inactivation+of+Ozone-Treated+Clostridium+perfringens+Vegetative+Cells+and+Spores+on+Fabricated+Beef+Surfaces+Using+Mild+Heat&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+S%3BYuan%2C+JTC&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; Beef; Meat products; Food contamination; Temperature effects; Heat treatments; Confocal microscopy; Spores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in Heat Resistance Resulting from pH and Nutritional Shifts of Acid-Adapted and Non-Acid-Adapted Listeria monocytogenes Scott A AN - 17899122; 5863147 AB - Stationary-phase Listeria monocytogenes cells that were either pH dependent acid adapted or not acid adapted were heat challenged at 60 degree C in a two-level full factorial design for three variables. The three variables and the levels consisted of tryptic soy broth (TSB) and sterile cell-free culture supernatant (sterile TSB), the presence and absence of 1% added glucose, and pH 4.8 and pH 7. Non-acid-adapted cells were most heat resistant when challenged in TSB (mean decimal reduction times at 60 degree C: D sub(60) = 1.16 min). In the absence of added glucose, non-acid-adapted cells had similar D sub(60)-values for inactivations at pH 4.8 and pH 7; however, the presence of glucose caused non-acid-adapted cells challenged at pH 4.8 to be more heat sensitive (D sub(60) = 0.65 min) than those inactivated at pH 7 (D sub(60) = 1.03 min), indicating an interaction between glucose and pH. Overall, the significantly decreased heat resistance of the acid-adapted cells was due to the presence of glucose (D sub(60) = 0.78 min without glucose, D sub(60) = 0.59 min with glucose). Acid-adapted cells heat challenged in TSB had similar D sub(60)-values for inactivations at pH 4.8 and pH 7; however, acid-adapted cells in sterile TSB challenged at pH 4.8 (D sub(60) = 0.52 min) had significantly lower heat resistance than did cells challenged at pH 7 (D sub(60) = 0.76 min), indicating an interaction between the medium and pH. The L. monocytogenes survivor data were modeled to extract information on the frequency distribution of heat resistance within heat-challenged populations, and the frequency distribution characteristics of mean, mode, and variance were compared among treatment conditions. Significant differences in the frequency distribution data were compared with the D sub(60)-values. These data indicated that the presence and level of cross-protection is highly dependent on the physiological state of the cells and nutrient availability at the time of heat challenge. Such conditions should be considered to ensure that stressed pathogens in foods are destroyed or inactivated. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Bayles, DO AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 316 EP - 321 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Nutritional shifts KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Heat resistance KW - Nutrient availability KW - Food contamination KW - Heat treatments KW - pH effects KW - Heat inactivation KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17899122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Changes+in+Heat+Resistance+Resulting+from+pH+and+Nutritional+Shifts+of+Acid-Adapted+and+Non-Acid-Adapted+Listeria+monocytogenes+Scott+A&rft.au=Bayles%2C+DO&rft.aulast=Bayles&rft.aufirst=DO&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; pH effects; Heat treatments; Nutrient availability; Heat resistance; Nutritional shifts; Heat inactivation; Food contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Beef Processed in a Table-Top Bowl Cutter AN - 17897995; 5863137 AB - Beef-processing equipment can be contaminated with pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. The bowl cutter has wide application in particle-size reduction and blending of meat products. This study was undertaken to determine (i) the distribution patterns of E. coli O157:H7 in equipment components and ground beef produced with a table-top bowl cutter under different operational conditions and (ii) the likelihood that pathogen contamination can be transferred to subsequent batches after a batch of beef contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 has been processed in the same bowl cutter. A beef trim (44.6 plus or minus 29.5 g) inoculated with 2 log CFU of an E. coli O157:H7 mutant strain resistant to rifampicin (E. coli O157:H7 super(rif)) was fed by hand into an uncontaminated beef-trim batch under two different batch sizes (2 and 4 kg), three processing times (60, 120, and 240 s), and two feeding modes (running and stoppage fed). There were no significant differences (P greater than or equal to 0.05) among all the treatments for the averages of the counts of E. coli O157:H7 super(rif) distributed in the ground beef. Regardless of the processing time and the method used to feed the beef trims into the bowl cutter, the whole batch and the following subsequent batch became contaminated when previously contaminated beef was processed. Areas of the bowl cutter most likely to be contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 were (i) the material left on the top of the comb/knife guard and (ii) the knife. Material that overflowed the bowl cutter, when processing the batch with E. coli O157:H7 super(rif), contaminated the equipment surroundings. A Pearson V probability distribution function was determined to describe the distribution of pathogenic organisms in the ground beef, a distribution that can also be applied when conducting process risk analyses on mixing-particle reduction operations for beef trims. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Flores, R A AD - Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 246 EP - 251 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - beef KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Meat products KW - Food processing KW - Beef KW - Food processing industry KW - Escherichia coli KW - Food contamination KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17897995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+Beef+Processed+in+a+Table-Top+Bowl+Cutter&rft.au=Flores%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Flores&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Food contamination; Food processing industry; Beef; Food processing; Meat products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell Division Gene Cluster in Spiroplasma kunkelii: Functional Characterization of ftsZ and the First Report of ftsA in Mollicutes AN - 17897246; 5855173 AB - Spiroplasma kunkelii is a helical, wall-less bacterium that causes corn stunt disease. In adaptation to its phloem-inhabiting parasitic lifestyle, the bacterium has undergone a reductive evolutionary process and, as a result, possesses a compact genome with a gene set approaching the minimal complement necessary for multiplication and pathogenesis. We cloned a much-reduced cell division gene cluster from S. kunkelii and functionally characterized the key division gene, ftsZ sub(sk). The 1236-bp open reading frame of ftsZ sub(sk) is capable of encoding a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 44.1 kDa. Protein sequence alignment revealed that FtsZ sub(sk) is remarkably similar to FtsZ proteins from other eubacteria, and possesses the conserved GTP-binding and hydrolyzing motifs. We demonstrated that overexpression of ftsZ sub(sk) in Escherichia coli causes transgression of the host cell division, resulting in a filamentous phenotype. We also report, for the first time, the presence of a ftsA gene in the cell division cluster of a mollicute species. JF - DNA and Cell Biology AU - Zhao, Y AU - Hammond, R W AU - Lee, I-M AU - Roe, BA AU - Lin, S AU - Davis, R E AD - 10300 Baltimore Ave., Rm 118, Bldg 004, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, davisr@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 127 EP - 134 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2 Madison Ave Larchmont NY 10538 USA, [mailto:liebert@pipeline.com] VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 1044-5498, 1044-5498 KW - cDNA KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - GTP KW - ftsA gene KW - ftsZ gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Plant diseases KW - Spiroplasma kunkelii KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Stunt KW - Cell division KW - Escherichia coli KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17897246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DNA+and+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=Cell+Division+Gene+Cluster+in+Spiroplasma+kunkelii%3A+Functional+Characterization+of+ftsZ+and+the+First+Report+of+ftsA+in+Mollicutes&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Y%3BHammond%2C+R+W%3BLee%2C+I-M%3BRoe%2C+BA%3BLin%2C+S%3BDavis%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=DNA+and+Cell+Biology&rft.issn=10445498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spiroplasma kunkelii; Escherichia coli; Cell division; Nucleotide sequence; Stunt; Plant diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attraction of Scavenging Chloropid and Milichiid Flies (Diptera) to Metathoracic Scent Gland Compounds of Plant Bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) AN - 17893053; 5853031 AB - Hexyl butyrate and (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, common metathoracic scent gland compounds of plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae), attracted large numbers of female chloropid [Olcella trigramma (Loew), O. cinerea , Conioscinella sp.] and milichiid (Leptometopa latipes Meigen) flies. Blends of these two butyrates attracted significantly more chloropids than did the compounds individually. The optimal synergistic ratios for O. trigramma attraction ranged from 1:1-9:1 hexyl butyrate to hexenyl butyrate. These values are similar to natural ratios of the compounds in the scent gland secretion from tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris, and other mirids. Antennae of female O. trigramma gave strong electrophysiological responses to (E)-2-hexenyl and hexyl butyrates, whereas electroantennogram responses to butyl butyrate and pentyl butyrate were insignificant. (E)-2-octenyl acetate, one of the major sex pheromone components of mirids in the genus Phytocoris , was strongly attractive to the milichiid, L. latipes, and another pheromone component of Phytocoris bugs, hexyl acetate, was inactive alone, yet synergized the attraction of the milichiid and three chloropid species to (E)-2-octenyl acetate. Traps baited with (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate, a volatile component of various heteropterans, were significantly attractive to both O. cinerea and L. latipes , whereas addition of gamma -caprolactone and green leaf alcohols significantly reduced the numbers of both fly species caught. Our results suggest that females of these chloropid and milichiid flies use volatile defensive and pheromonal compounds from plant bugs as kairomones to find freshly injured or dead bugs on which to feed. The sex-specific attraction might indicate that females of these flies need a protein-rich meal for maximum fecundity, as do anautogenous mosquitoes. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Zhang, Q AU - Aldrich, J R AD - Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, aldrichj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 12 EP - 20 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Plant Bugs KW - Hexyl butyrate KW - E-2-Hexenyl butyrate KW - E-2-Octenyl KW - Hemiptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - Sex pheromone KW - Miridae KW - Scent gland KW - Plants KW - Feeding behavior KW - Diptera KW - Z 05193:Orientation KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25693:Insects KW - R 18052:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17893053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Attraction+of+Scavenging+Chloropid+and+Milichiid+Flies+%28Diptera%29+to+Metathoracic+Scent+Gland+Compounds+of+Plant+Bugs+%28Heteroptera%3A+Miridae%29&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Q%3BAldrich%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%29033%280012%3AAOSCAM%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=12 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Miridae; Diptera; Scent gland; Plants; Feeding behavior; Sex pheromone DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033(0012:AOSCAM)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Dispersal of Homalodisca Coagulata and Homalodisca Liturata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) AN - 17887569; 5853040 AB - California's viticulture and ornamental industries have suffered significant losses since the introduction of Homalodisca coagulata (Say), an important vector of the Pierce's disease bacterium. A better understanding of the factors that influence the dispersal of H. coagulata , as well as other native sharpshooters could enhance our ability to institute areawide management programs. Studies were conducted to establish the validity of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein marker for sharpshooter dispersal studies, to compare the dispersal of H. coagulata with that of a native sharpshooter Homalodisca liturata Ball, and to develop a better understanding of the factors that influence their dispersal. Field trials showed that the marker remained detectable for at least 19 d and did not affect sharpshooter survival. Four concentrations (0.04, 0.2, 1, and 5 mg /ml) and two different IgG markers (chicken and rabbit) were effective for marking sharpshooters. In mass-mark-recapture studies, approximately 95% of the marked insects flew during the releases and the timing of flight initiation was similar for H. coagulata and H. liturata . Mean wind speeds >3 m s-1 were associated with a decline in flight initiation for both species. Most sharpshooters were trapped at heights below 4.2 m, and based on sex ratio comparisons, traps were equally attractive to males and females. Regression analyses of recapture data and a diffusion model were used to assess and compare sharpshooter dispersal. The majority (95%) of H. coagulata and H. liturata were recaptured within 90 and 155 m of the release site, respectively. JF - Environmental Entomology AU - Blackmer, J L AU - Hagler, J R AU - Simmons, G S AU - Canas, LA AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, AZ 85040, jblackmer@wcrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 88 EP - 99 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0046-225X, 0046-225X KW - Glassy-winged sharpshooter KW - Homoptera KW - Cicadellids KW - Jassids KW - Leafhoppers KW - Sharpshooters KW - Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Cicadellidae KW - Homalodisca liturata KW - Homalodisca coagulata KW - Dispersal KW - USA, California KW - Introduced species KW - Environment management KW - Z 05204:Dispersal & migration KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25653:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17887569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Entomology&rft.atitle=Comparative+Dispersal+of+Homalodisca+Coagulata+and+Homalodisca+Liturata+%28Homoptera%3A+Cicadellidae%29&rft.au=Blackmer%2C+J+L%3BHagler%2C+J+R%3BSimmons%2C+G+S%3BCanas%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Blackmer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Entomology&rft.issn=0046225X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0046-225X%282004%29033%280088%3ACDOHCA%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0046-225X&volume=33&page=88 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Homalodisca coagulata; Homalodisca liturata; Cicadellidae; USA, California; Dispersal; Introduced species; Environment management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0046-225X(2004)033(0088:CDOHCA)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tillage and Residue Effects on Runoff and Erosion Dynamics AN - 17887237; 5963215 AB - The carry-over effects from one year to the next of surface residue and tillage management decisions on runoff and erosion are not clear. The dynamics of runoff and erosion processes during rainfall events are likely dependent on the tillage and residue management system. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of tillage practices and residue management, by removal of residue cover, on the properties that describe the dynamics of the runoff and erosion processes. Six-row, 12.2 m long x 5.5 m wide, plots under conventional tillage (CT) or no tillage (NT) corn (Zea mays L.) for nine years were used in this study. Plots had an average slope of 5.7% on a Grenada silt loam (Glossic Fragiudalf) soil. Rainfall simulations were conducted on a 10.7 m x 3.7 m area within each plot at a rate of 65 mm h super(-1) for 1 h under natural antecedent soil-water conditions (dry run), followed by a 0.5 h simulation 4 h later (wet run), and another 0.5 h application 30 min later (very wet run). The ten treatments consisted of an incomplete 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of two tillage histories (CTh and NTh), two tillage levels (tilled and not tilled), and three residue management levels (residue left, residue removed just prior to simulated rainfall, and residue removed one year prior to simulated rainfall). The missing treatments were the NTh-tilled and CTh-not tilled with residue left. The time of runoff initiation, maximum runoff rate, flow velocity, and maximum sediment concentration were used to describe differences in runoff and erosion dynamics. Residue removal resulted in significantly sooner runoff with the NT system. There was a significant carry- over effect of residue removal with runoff initiated 35% sooner the subsequent year of removal and sediment concentrations increasing by >100%. Maximum sediment concentrations were lower for the CTh land that was not tilled than for the tilled despite the untilled land experiencing sooner runoff and higher runoff rates. Tilling NTh land resulted in significantly lower sediment concentrations than tilling CTh land, suggesting that the soil quality of NT was not immediately lost when tilled, but these beneficial properties were fully lost within one year of residue removal. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Wilson, G V AU - Dabney, S M AU - McGregor, K C AU - Barkoll, B D AD - USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory, 598 McElroy Dr., Oxford, MS 38655, USA, gvwilson@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 119 EP - 128 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Flow Velocity KW - Erosion Control KW - Tillage KW - Agricultural Practices KW - Cultivated Lands KW - Soil Water KW - Sediment Concentration KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Runoff Rates KW - SW 2080:Watershed protection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17887237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Tillage+and+Residue+Effects+on+Runoff+and+Erosion+Dynamics&rft.au=Wilson%2C+G+V%3BDabney%2C+S+M%3BMcGregor%2C+K+C%3BBarkoll%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flow Velocity; Agricultural Runoff; Erosion Control; Tillage; Agricultural Practices; Soil Water; Cultivated Lands; Simulated Rainfall; Sediment Concentration; Runoff Rates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving Peanut Yield and Grade with Surface Drip Irrigation in Undulating Fields AN - 17886924; 5963212 AB - A surface drip irrigation system was developed to irrigate peanut in two experimental fields: one with very little topographic variation on Greenville fine sandy loam soil, and one with undulating terrain containing 2.4% slope on Faceville fine sandy loam soil. Pod yield, kernel size distribution, and total sound mature kernels (TSMK) were evaluated with two peanut varieties, two planting patterns, and two drip tape lateral spacings. Test results were compared with the adjacent non-irrigated area planted with the same varieties of peanut. Soil temperature and volumetric water content were measured at different locations to monitor soil temperature and water movement from drip tapes. Maximum soil temperature in the irrigated area was substantially lower than in the non-irrigated area. For both 13 and 25 mm irrigations, about 16 h were required for water to move laterally 46 cm to reach the peak water content level. No significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in yields between 0.9 m and 1.8 m drip tape lateral spacings. Peanut yields with drip irrigation were 1.4 times those of the non-irrigated yield. The irrigation water use efficiency from surface drip irrigation was 10 kg/ha-mm during the two growing seasons. Yields tended to slightly decrease as the land elevation decreased for both irrigated and non- irrigated zones. Compared to the non-irrigated areas, the drip-irrigated area produced a greater portion of larger kernels than smaller kernels. In the undulating area, the average TSMK was 73.7% and 64.9% for drip-irrigated and non-irrigated treatments, respectively. Average gross revenue was $2,093 per ha with drip irrigation and $1,253 per ha with no irrigation. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Zhu, H AU - Lamb, M C AU - Butts, CL AU - Blankenship, P D AD - USDA-ARS Application Technology Research Unit, Agricultural Engineering Building, OARDC, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA, zhu.16@osu.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 99 EP - 106 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Distribution Patterns KW - Testing Procedures KW - Soil Water Movement KW - Peanuts KW - Soil Temperature KW - Irrigation Water KW - Drip Irrigation KW - Crop Yield KW - SW 1060:Conservation in agricultural use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17886924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Improving+Peanut+Yield+and+Grade+with+Surface+Drip+Irrigation+in+Undulating+Fields&rft.au=Zhu%2C+H%3BLamb%2C+M+C%3BButts%2C+CL%3BBlankenship%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testing Procedures; Distribution Patterns; Soil Water Movement; Peanuts; Soil Temperature; Irrigation Water; Drip Irrigation; Crop Yield ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal Stability of Soil Electrical Conductivity in Irrigated Sandy Fields in Colorado AN - 17885364; 5963211 AB - The utility of apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC sub(a)) remains elusive because of its complex interactions with soil properties. Nonetheless, a significant interest is emerging to utilize the spatial variability in EC sub(a) to guide direct soil sampling and develop varying site-specific management. While the spatial variability of EC sub(a) is of significant importance, understanding its temporal variability is equally important. That is particularly true if delineated EC sub(a) zones are to be used to manage agricultural inputs across the field for multiple years. We present multi-year (1998 to 2002) measurements of shallow (top 0.3 m of soil) and deep (top 0.9 m of soil) EC sub(a) from three irrigated sandy fields in eastern Colorado and quantify their degree of temporal change. During the study period, the fields were managed uniformly, including all farm operations and the applied inputs. For each field, soil EC sub(a) values were highly correlated between measurement days (for periods of a few days to four years between measurements) with coefficients ranging between 0.71 and 0.92 for shallow and 0.87 and 0.96 for deep EC sub(a), but significant deviations from the 1:1 line (indicative of temporal variability) were exhibited by shallow EC sub(a). In these non-saline and sandy fields, delineating spatial patterns of EC sub(a) into low, medium, and high zones was highly stable over time, mainly because they reflect the stable soil properties. Grid-by-grid comparison of the low, medium, and high EC sub(a) patterns from different measurement days showed mean matching percentages of 87, 74, and 78 for shallow and 93, 85, and 89 for deep EC sub(a) patterns, respectively, for the three fields. When salt concentration and buildup are low (as was the case herein), results suggest that single EC sub(a) mapping should suffice to delineate stable low, medium, and high EC sub(a) zones without a need for remapping. JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Farahani, HJ AU - Buchleiter, G W AD - USDA-ARS Water Management Unit, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building D, Suite 320, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA, hamid.farahani@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 79 EP - 90 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Salts KW - USA, Colorado KW - Conductivity KW - Soil Properties KW - Mapping KW - Sampling KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17885364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Temporal+Stability+of+Soil+Electrical+Conductivity+in+Irrigated+Sandy+Fields+in+Colorado&rft.au=Farahani%2C+HJ%3BBuchleiter%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Farahani&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salts; Conductivity; Sampling; Mapping; Soil Properties; USA, Colorado ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire Effects on Plant Diversity in Serpentine vs. Sandstone Chaparral AN - 17884279; 5858046 AB - Fire contributes to the maintenance of species diversity in many plant communities, but few studies have compared its impacts in similar communities that vary in such attributes as soils and productivity. We compared how a wildfire affected plant diversity in chaparral vegetation on serpentine and sandstone soils. We hypothesized that because biomass and cover are lower in serpentine chaparral, space and light are less limiting, and therefore postfire increases in plant species diversity would be lower than in sandstone chaparral. In 40 pairs of burned and unburned 250-m super(2) plots, we measured changes in the plant community after a fire for three years. The diversity of native and exotic species increased more in response to fire in sandstone than serpentine chaparral, at both the local (plot) and regional (whole study) scales. In serpentine compared with sandstone chaparral, specialized fire-dependent species were less prevalent, mean fire severity was lower, mean time since last fire was longer, postfire shrub recruitment was lower, and regrowth of biomass was slower. Within each chaparral type, the responses of diversity to fire were positively correlated with prefire shrub cover and with a number of measures of soil fertility. Fire severity was negatively related to the postfire change in diversity in sandstone chaparral, and unimodally related to the postfire change in diversity in serpentine chaparral. Our results suggest that the effects of fire on less productive plant communities like serpentine chaparral may be less pronounced, although longer lasting, than the effects of fire on similar but more productive communities. JF - Ecology AU - Safford, H D AU - Harrison, S AD - USDA-Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, 1323 Club Drive, Vallejo, California 94592, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 539 EP - 548 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 85 IS - 2 SN - 0012-9658, 0012-9658 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Sandstone KW - Biomass KW - Vegetation cover KW - Soil fertility KW - Species diversity KW - Regrowth KW - Plant communities KW - Chaparral KW - Plant diversity KW - Introduced species KW - Soils (serpentine) KW - M3 1140:Biodiversity KW - D 04130:Arid zones UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17884279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Fire+Effects+on+Plant+Diversity+in+Serpentine+vs.+Sandstone+Chaparral&rft.au=Safford%2C+H+D%3BHarrison%2C+S&rft.aulast=Safford&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=539&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology&rft.issn=00129658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Chaparral; Sandstone; Plant communities; Plant diversity; Biomass; Vegetation cover; Introduced species; Soil fertility; Regrowth; Species diversity; Soils (serpentine) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variable rainfall intensity effects on runoff and interrill erosion from two coastal plain ultisols in Georgia AN - 17764702; 6063791 AB - Predictions and understanding of runoff and soil loss could be improved if the effect of variable rainfall intensity during a storm were quantified. We quantified and compared effects of constant (I sub(c)) and variable (I sub(v)) rainfall intensity patterns on infiltration, runoff, soil loss, and interrill erodibilities (K sub(i)) from a Tifton loamy sand (Plinthic Kandiudult) and a Greenville sandy clay loam (Rhodic Kandiudult). Each soil was air-dried, sieved (19 mm) and then placed in a 1.5-m super(2) stainless steel erosion pan (Tifton = 4% slope; Greenville = 7% slope). Simulated rainfall was applied for 70 min at a constant (57 mm h super(-1)) and variable rainfall intensity patterns. The I sub(c) event was determined from the statistical average of the I sub(v) pattern; thus, total rainfall volume applied was the same for both patterns. Values for runoff (R), soil loss (E), splash water (S sub(w)), and splash sediment (S sub(s)) were measured at 5-min intervals throughout each simulation. Rainfall intensity patterns did not affect total runoff or infiltration, but they did influence R sub(max) values, when runoff occurred, and soil loss from each soil. Runoff curves for I sub(v) events (peaks = 25-28 min) lagged intensity curves (peak = 20 min) by 5-8 min. R sub(max) values for I sub(v) events were significantly (2 X) greater than those for I sub(c) events and occurred 35-37 min before those for the I sub(c) events. For the Tifton ls, E sub(tot) for I sub(c) events was significantly greater (2 X) than that for I sub(v) events. Conversely, for the Greenville scl, E sub(tot) for I sub(v) events was significantly greater (20%) than that for I sub(c) events. For the Greenville scl, E sub(max) for I sub(v) events was significantly greater (3 X) than that for I sub(c) events, whereas time to E sub(max) for both soils was 16 min earlier for I sub(v) events than for I sub(c) events. Runoff and soil loss rates for I sub(c) events increased gradually during the first 35-40 min before reaching steady-state conditions, whereas runoff and soil loss rates for I sub(v) events increased sharply to a maximum at 25-29 min and then gradually declined to quasi-steady-state conditions. As a result, I sub(v) events had about 28% more rainfall run-off and 32% more soil loss during the first 35 min of each event than for I sub(c) events. Conversely, I sub(c) events had about 28% more rainfall run-off and 32% more soil loss during the last 35 min of each event than for I sub(v) events. For I sub(c) events, capacity to transport sediment was limited by the lack of runoff during the first 35-40 min, whereas during the second half of each simulation event, runoff was well established at steady-state rates and able to transport sediment. Soil detachment was maintained or supplied at a constant or increased rate. R sub(70) and E sub(70) values were greater than R sub(35) and E sub(35) values. Greater r super(2) values were obtained for the R versus E relationship (r super(2) = 0.98) than for the S sub(s) versus E relationship (r super(2) = 0.28) on the Tifton Is, whereas relatively high r super(2) values were obtained for R versus E (r super(2) = 0.99) and S sub(s) versus E (r super(2) = 0.81) on the Greenville scl. For I sub(v) events, there were detachment- and transport-limiting conditions, especially near the end of each event where capacity to detach soil and transport sediment decreased. R sub(70), E sub(70), and Ss sub(70) values were less than R sub(35), E sub(35), and Ss sub(35) values, and relatively high r super(2) values were obtained for R versus E (r super(2) = 0.94-0.99) and S sub(s) versus E (r super(2) = 0.91-0.96). The Greenville scl was 75-97% more erodible than the Tifton Is. K sub(iq) values were 16-30% larger than K sub(ii) values. Variable rainfall intensity causes problems, conceptually and mathematically, when calculating K sub(i). K sub(i) values were not solely a property of the soil, were not constant, and did not increase as soil loss increased. E sub(max) values were up to 13 times greater than steady-state soil loss values, yet K sub(i) values for steady-state conditions were 3-5 times greater than those for maximum loss conditions. If K sub(i) represents the susceptibility of a soil to erosional forces, and since rainfall intensity distributions, runoff, and soil loss within a rainfall event are not constant, then, according to our results, K sub(i) distributions within the same event should not be assumed constant. JF - Soil Science AU - Frauenfeld, B AU - Truman, C AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Lab., PO Box 946, 2375 Rainwater Rd., Tifton, GA 31793, USA, ctswrl@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 143 EP - 154 VL - 169 IS - 2 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Storm Runoff KW - Coastal Plains KW - Rainfall-runoff Relationships KW - Simulation KW - USA, Georgia KW - Simulated Rainfall KW - Erosion KW - Sand KW - Infiltration KW - Slopes KW - Rainfall Intensity KW - Clay Loam KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17764702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Variable+rainfall+intensity+effects+on+runoff+and+interrill+erosion+from+two+coastal+plain+ultisols+in+Georgia&rft.au=Frauenfeld%2C+B%3BTruman%2C+C&rft.aulast=Frauenfeld&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Coastal Plains; Storm Runoff; Rainfall-runoff Relationships; Sand; Infiltration; Simulation; Slopes; Clay Loam; Simulated Rainfall; Rainfall Intensity; USA, Georgia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-Response Model for 13 Strains of Salmonella AN - 17725272; 6120828 AB - Data from a human feeding trial with healthy men were used to develop a dose-response model for 13 strains of Salmonella and to determine the effects of strain variation on the shape of the dose-response curve. Dose-response data for individual strains were fit to a three-phase linear model to determine minimum, median, and maximum illness doses, which were used to define Pert distributions in a computer simulation model. Pert distributions for illness dose of individual strains were combined in an Excel spreadsheet using a discrete distribution to model strain prevalence. In addition, a discrete distribution was used to model dose groups and thus create a model that simulated human feeding trials. During simulation of the model with Risk, an illness dose and a dose consumed were randomly assigned to each consumption event in the simulated feeding trial and if the illness dose was greater than the dose consumed then the model predicted no illness, otherwise the model predicted that an illness would occur. To verify the dose-response model predictions, the original feeding trial was simulated. The dose-response model predicted a median of 69 (range of 43-101) illnesses compared to 74 in the original trial. Thus, its predictions were in agreement with the data used to develop it. However, predictions of the model are only valid for eggnog, healthy men, and the strains and doses of Salmonella used to develop it. When multiple strains of Salmonella were simulated together, the predicted dose-response curves were irregular in shape. Thus, the sigmoid shape of dose-response curves in feeding trials with one strain of Salmonella may not accurately reflect dose response in naturally contaminated food where multiple strains may be present. JF - Risk Analysis AU - Oscar, T AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, Room 211, Center for Food Science and Technology, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA, toscar@umes.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 41 EP - 49 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Simulation KW - Food contamination KW - Dose-response effects KW - Salmonella KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17725272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Dose-Response+Model+for+13+Strains+of+Salmonella&rft.au=Oscar%2C+T&rft.aulast=Oscar&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.0272-4332.2004.00410.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; Dose-response effects; Food contamination; Simulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00410.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in fire patterns in a southern African savanna under alternative land use practices AN - 17670511; 5827699 AB - Climate, topography, vegetation and land use interact to influence fire regimes. Variable fire regimes may promote landscape heterogeneity, diversification in vegetation pattern and biotic diversity. The objective was to compare effects of alternative land use practices on landscape heterogeneity. Patch characteristics of fire scars were measured from 21 annual burn maps produced from 1972 to 2001 Landsat imagery. Trends in fire patterns under alternative land use practices were compared across a 250, 000 ha savanna in southern Africa partitioned into three land use zones. Zone 1, Madikwe Game Reserve (MGR), has had mostly prescribed fires since 1993. Zone 2, cattle farms near MGR in South Africa (SAF), has experienced occasional fires. Zone 3, communal grazing lands in neighboring Botswana (BOT), has had the fewest fires. Cattle ranching was the predominant land use throughout the study area until 1992, when land use switched to conservation and eco-tourism in MGR. Sixteen landscape metrics were applied to this data set to uncover trends in the patch characteristics of the fire scars. A principal components analysis (PCA) reduced the dimensionality of the results so trends in the 10 most important size, shape, and proximity metrics could be better interpreted. The PCA results showed that more burning over time in MGR, and to a lesser extent in SAF, increased patch size, size variability, shape complexity and proximity, while fire exclusion in BOT produced no change or decreasing trends. We tested for significant differences in these metrics between the three land use zones and between two periods, 1972-1992 and 1993-2001. Most patch characteristics in MGR and SAF differed significantly from those in BOT, especially during the latter period, while between MGR and SAF they did not. Patch area, shape complexity and core area increased significantly between periods in MGR, while patch size, size variability and core area increased significantly between periods in SAF. In BOT, no patch characteristics changed significantly between periods. Within the time span analyzed for the study area, we conclude that increased fire occurrence promoted landscape heterogeneity while fire exclusion did not. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Hudak, A T AU - Fairbanks, DHK AU - Brockett, B H AD - USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1221 S. Main St. Moscow, ID 83843, USA, ahudak@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 307 EP - 325 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 101 IS - 2-3 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17670511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Trends+in+fire+patterns+in+a+southern+African+savanna+under+alternative+land+use+practices&rft.au=Hudak%2C+A+T%3BFairbanks%2C+DHK%3BBrockett%2C+B+H&rft.aulast=Hudak&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.agee.2003.09.010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.09.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting water content using Gaussian model on soil spectra AN - 17593447; 5828654 AB - This paper presents an approach to estimating soil moisture content through fitting an inverted Gaussian function to the continuum in soil spectra. The soil moisture Gaussian model (SMGM) estimates the water content by the declining reflectance in the near infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) regions, 1.2-2.5 mu m, due to the spreading of the fundamental water absorption at 2.8 mu m. Convex hull boundary points were used to isolate the spectral continuum and to fit the inverted Gaussian function. The function extrapolates the continuum to the fundamental water absorption beyond the wavelength limits of common laboratory, field, and airborne instruments. Of the derived functional parameters, both amplitude and area on the shortwave side of the inverted Gaussian curve were highly correlated with soil water content. In this study, laboratory spectra, from 0.4 to 2.5 mu m, were measured at sequential moisture levels in soil samples collected in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain and in California, USA. The Gaussian area was determined to be the best indicator of gravimetric water content with the initial modeling of 2592 spectra. The SMGM was validated with a separate set of 849 spectra. The model performance significantly improved for water contents below a critical level of 0.32 g water/g soil. Within this restricted range, the SMGM predicted water contents for all soils with a maximum of 0.027 RMSE for 1901 modeled spectra and 0.026 for 602 validation spectra. The water content estimates were improved slightly by stratifying the model and validation sets by the two locations, reducing the RMSE to 0.023 in Spain and 0.025 in California. Further stratifying the model spectra by landform and soil sodicity improved some predictions substantially, but less consistently. Stratifying the samples locally demonstrated that a priori knowledge of soil surfaces by landforms should be part of an image calibration strategy. The SMGM provides practical water content estimates and has a potential use in correcting the effects of soil moisture in hyperspectral images. JF - Remote Sensing of Environment AU - Whiting, M L AU - Li, L AU - Ustin, S L AD - Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing, Department Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, michael.whiting@usda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 535 EP - 552 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 89 IS - 4 SN - 0034-4257, 0034-4257 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 551.579:Hydrometeorology (551.579) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17593447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Predicting+water+content+using+Gaussian+model+on+soil+spectra&rft.au=Whiting%2C+M+L%3BLi%2C+L%3BUstin%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Whiting&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=535&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.issn=00344257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2003.11.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of long-term winter wheat, summer fallow residue and nutrient management on field hydrology for a silt loam in north-central Oregon AN - 17301335; 6107908 AB - In a region where water is the primary limiting factor of crop production, loss of water from fields by overland flow represents an economic loss to producers. Traditional crop management practices in north-central Oregon have led to crop water loss by overland flow. In 1931, a long-term experiment was begun near Pendleton, Oregon, in a Walla Walla silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Haploxeroll - US; Kastanozems - FAO), to examine the influence on soil fertility and crop production by nutrient amendments and crop residue management practices. This experiment provided the opportunity to evaluate the influence of a several traditional farming practices on field hydrology. Tillage in all treatments consisted of moldboard plowing and multiple passes with secondary tillage equipment to smooth the surface for planting and for weed control. The treatments were combinations of nutrient amendments (0.90 kg N ha super(-1) commercial fertilizer, and 145 kg N ha super(-1) from manure) and residue management (fall-burn, spring-burn, and no-burn), whose soil organic carbon increased with increasing nutrient amendments. These treatments were in a winter wheat-fallow system and represent a set of past and current cultural practices. Overland flow from these treatments was measured. Lister furrows separated the plots of 12 mx40 m ( approximately 0.05 ha) to prevent overland flow from treatment to treatment and were instrumented with weirs to capture and measure overland flow. To determine if hydrologic differences existed between treatments, we tested the overland flow to precipitation (Q/P) ratio. The Q/P ratio (P<0.15) was greatest within crop year/low soil fertility (0 kg N ha super(-1), burn) whereas the high fertility (145 kg N ha super(-1), no-burn) treatment crop year plots Q/P ratios were similar to fallow, standing stubble plots. Most notably, the manure amendment plots in crop, produce significantly less overland flow than the other residue and nutrient management practices, and marginally less overland flow than treatments in stubble. This research demonstrates that overland flow was greater from low fertility and stubble burned treatments. Increased overland flow increases the risk of soil erosion and loss of water to overland flow is potentially a loss of needed soil water for crop growth and production. JF - Soil and Tillage Research AU - Williams, J D AD - Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, P.O. 370, Pendleton, OR 97801-0370, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 109 EP - 119 VL - 75 IS - 2 SN - 0167-1987, 0167-1987 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0860:Water and plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17301335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+and+Tillage+Research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+long-term+winter+wheat%2C+summer+fallow+residue+and+nutrient+management+on+field+hydrology+for+a+silt+loam+in+north-central+Oregon&rft.au=Williams%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+and+Tillage+Research&rft.issn=01671987&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.still.2003.08.010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2003.08.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) erosion submodel on cropland fields AN - 17285259; 5793527 AB - This study represents part of a project by the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Soil Erosion Network to validate wind erosion models. Soil loss measurements from 46 storm events from eroding fields in six states were compared to predictions from the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) erosion submodel. The field data were collected from small (2.5 ha), circular, cropland fields with nonerodible boundaries. Samplers were arranged in vertical clusters to sample horizontal soil discharge passing a point. Weather data, including wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, relative humidity, air temperature, and rainfall, were collected on-site. Temporal field site characteristics were measured periodically and included surface roughness, plant/residue cover, and dry aggregate size distribution. The WEPS erosion submodel was used to calculate the threshold erosion friction velocity based on surface conditions and then simulate soil loss during daily periods when the speed exceeded that threshold. Measured and simulated erosion values were in reasonable agreement (R super(2)=0.71). On average, the erosion model underpredicted soil loss, and the probable reasons are discussed. JF - Environmental Modelling & Software AU - Hagen, L J AD - Wind Erosion Research Unit, USDA-ARS/GMPRC, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA, hagen@weru.ksu.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 171 EP - 176 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 1364-8152, 1364-8152 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Wind erosion KW - Soil KW - Aggregate stability KW - Aggregate size distribution KW - Soil crust KW - Relative humidity KW - Weather KW - air temperature KW - Residues KW - Ecosystems KW - Rainfall KW - wind erosion KW - Humidity KW - Velocity KW - agricultural land KW - Soil erosion KW - Solar radiation KW - Wind direction KW - Storms KW - Computer programs KW - Erosion KW - terrestrial ecosystems KW - Soil loss KW - Wind KW - M2 551.55:Wind (551.55) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17285259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Wind+Erosion+Prediction+System+%28WEPS%29+erosion+submodel+on+cropland+fields&rft.au=Hagen%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Hagen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software&rft.issn=13648152&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1364-8152%2803%2900119-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Relative humidity; Erosion; Ecosystems; Wind erosion; Wind direction; Soil loss; Storms; Weather; Residues; air temperature; Rainfall; Velocity; Humidity; wind erosion; agricultural land; Soil erosion; Solar radiation; Computer programs; terrestrial ecosystems; Wind DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00119-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fine Particulates (PM10 and PM2.5) Generated by Breakage of Mobile Aggregates During Simulated Wind Erosion AN - 17281146; 5963213 AB - Wind erosion of soils generates fine particulates that are health hazards (PM10 and PM2.5) by three major processes: entrainment (emission) of loose mobile aggregates from the surface, abrasion from immobile clods/crusts, and breakage of mobile saltation/creep aggregates. To improve prediction of PM10 generation in erosion models, parameters must be established for these processes. The objectives of this research were to measure relative breakage fractions of saltation- size aggregates to suspension-size and the fractions of PM10 and PM2.5 generated by the breakage process for a range of soils. Soil samples were collected from nine states (Arizona, California, Nevada, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas). Sub-samples of the soils were used to determine organic matter and calcium carbonate fractions. Other sub-samples were dispersed to determine sand, silt, and clay fractions. The breakage process was simulated in the laboratory by repeated impacts of saltation-size aggregates in an enclosed chamber. Relative breakage fractions averaged 0.044 for aggregates with saltation-size sand/clay ratios between 0.1 and 10. Fractions for aggregates with either large clay or saltation-size sand fractions were significantly less, averaging 0.015. The fraction of PM10 in the suspension component created by breakage (SF10 sub(bk)) averaged 0.049 over all soils. The SF10 sub(bk) was inversely proportional to both clay content and annual precipitation. Average SF10 sub(bk) was 0.069 with clay fraction 0.1. The average ratio of PM2.5/PM10 was 0.154, but increased with saltation-size sand/clay ratio and decreased with precipitation. The predicted values ranged from about 0.1 to 0.3 (R super(2) = 0.53). JF - Transactions of the ASAE AU - Hagen, L J AD - USDA-ARS-NPA Wind Erosion Research Unit, GMPRC, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA, hagen@weru.ksu.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 107 EP - 112 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0001-2351, 0001-2351 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Entrainment KW - USA, Nevada KW - Particulates KW - Soil erosion KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Particulate matter in atmosphere KW - Sand KW - USA, California KW - Wind KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Clay KW - Organic matter KW - Simulation KW - Wind erosion KW - USA, Kansas KW - Precipitation KW - USA KW - USA, Colorado KW - Erosion KW - Saltation KW - USA, Nebraska KW - Annual precipitation KW - USA, Arizona KW - USA, Texas KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - M2 551.555:Specific Locations (551.555) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17281146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.atitle=Fine+Particulates+%28PM10+and+PM2.5%29+Generated+by+Breakage+of+Mobile+Aggregates+During+Simulated+Wind+Erosion&rft.au=Hagen%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Hagen&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+the+ASAE&rft.issn=00012351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particulate matter in atmosphere; Erosion; Entrainment; Saltation; Annual precipitation; Wind erosion; Precipitation; Clay; Sand; Organic matter; Simulation; Soil erosion; Particulates; Wind; USA, Oklahoma; USA, New Mexico; USA, Colorado; USA; USA, Nebraska; USA, Arizona; USA, Texas; USA, Nevada; USA, Kansas; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of the Salmonella enterica prevalence in finishing swine AN - 17272551; 5854857 AB - The study objective was to evaluate three methods of Salmonella enterica prevalence estimation in swine herds (faecal culture, culture of abattoir-collected samples, and serum ELISA). From each of six swine herds, we necropsied approximately 100 finishing pigs (>70 kg); one-half on farm and the other half at the abattoir, after transport and approximately 2 times 5 h holding. We collected the same samples for S. enterica culture at both locations (1 g faecal, 10 g caecal contents, ileocaecal lymph nodes, superficial inguinal lymph nodes, 25 g of gluteal muscle for serum ELISA). On farm, the 1 g faecal sample only detected 13 times 3% (2/15) of all positive pigs necropsied on farm. However, with abattoir and on-farm results combined, the faecal sample detected 57 times 4% (74/129) of positive pigs. Abattoir-collected samples provided prevalence estimates much higher than on-farm collected samples (39 times 9 vs. 5 times 3%; P<0 times 001). This study shows that faecal samples have a low sensitivity for detecting infected pigs and that abattoir-collected samples overestimate the on-farm S. enterica prevalence. For most herds, serology overestimated the on-farm culture prevalence. JF - Epidemiology and Infection AU - Hurd, H S AU - McKean, J D AU - Griffith, R D AU - Rostagno, M H AD - USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 127 EP - 135 VL - 132 IS - 1 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Abattoirs KW - Farms KW - Serum KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Population studies KW - Feces KW - Lymph nodes KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17272551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+the+Salmonella+enterica+prevalence+in+finishing+swine&rft.au=Hurd%2C+H+S%3BMcKean%2C+J+D%3BGriffith%2C+R+D%3BRostagno%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Hurd&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0950268803001249 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enterica; Population studies; Farms; Abattoirs; Feces; Serum; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Lymph nodes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268803001249 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Organic Phosphorus in Swine Manure and Soil AN - 16189121; 5987126 AB - Organic phosphorus (P sub(o)) exists in many chemical forms that differ in their susceptibility to hydrolysis and, therefore, bioavailability to plants and microorganisms. Identification and quantification of these forms may significantly contribute to effective agricultural P management. Phosphatases catalyze reactions that release orthophosphate (P sub(i)) from P sub(o) compounds. Alkaline phosphatase in tris-HCl buffer (pH 9.0), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) phytase in potassium acetate buffer (pH 5.0), and nuclease P1 in potassium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) can be used to classify and quantify P sub(o) in animal manure. Background error associated with different pH and buffer systems is observed. In this study, we improved the enzymatic hydrolysis approach and tested its applicability for investigating P sub(o) in soils, recognizing that soil and manure differ in numerous physicochemical properties. We applied (i) acid phosphatase from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), (ii) acid phosphatases from both potato and wheat germ, and (iii) both enzymes plus nuclease P1 to identify and quantify simple labile monoester P, phytate (myo-inositol hexakis phosphate)-like P, and DNA-like P, respectively, in a single pH/buffer system (100 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0). This hydrolysis procedure released P sub(o) in sequentially extracted H sub(2)O, NaHCO sub(3), and NaOH fractions of swine (Sus scrofa) manure, and of three sandy loam soils. Further refinement of the approach may provide a universal tool for evaluating hydrolyzable P sub(o) from a wide range of sources. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - He, Z AU - Griffin, T S AU - Honeycutt, C W AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, New England Plant, Soil, and Water Laboratory, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA, zhe@maine.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 367 EP - 372 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pig KW - Potato KW - Wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Soils (sandy) KW - Manure KW - Sus scrofa KW - Wheat germ KW - Phosphorus KW - Enzymolysis KW - Nuclease KW - sodium acetate KW - Nutrients KW - Acid phosphatase KW - Soil KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Bioavailability KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - pH effects KW - Soils (loam) KW - Phosphatase KW - Organic phosphorus KW - Animal wastes KW - Orthophosphate KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Enzymes KW - Potassium KW - Hydrolysis KW - 6-Phytase KW - Alkaline phosphatase KW - Acetate KW - Microorganisms KW - potassium acetate KW - Environmental quality KW - orthophosphate KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - Q2 09185:Organic compounds KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16189121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+Hydrolysis+of+Organic+Phosphorus+in+Swine+Manure+and+Soil&rft.au=He%2C+Z%3BGriffin%2C+T+S%3BHoneycutt%2C+C+W&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Manure; Orthophosphate; Physicochemical properties; Acetate; Enzymolysis; Potassium; Hydrolysis; Phosphatase; Organic phosphorus; Soils (sandy); Wheat germ; Phosphorus; sodium acetate; Nuclease; Enzymes; Acid phosphatase; Soil; Bioavailability; Alkaline phosphatase; 6-Phytase; Microorganisms; Environmental quality; potassium acetate; orthophosphate; Soils (loam); pH effects; Agriculture; Animal wastes; Nutrients; Triticum aestivum; Sus scrofa; Solanum tuberosum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phosphorus Fractionation in Manure from Swine Fed Traditional and Low-Phytate Corn Diets AN - 16188092; 5987129 AB - Traditional corn (Zea mays L.) (TC), the primary grain used in swine (Sus scrofa) diets, stores a majority of its P as phytate, which is largely unavailable for digestion by nonruminant animals. Low-phytate corn (LPC) contains similar amounts of total P but a smaller percentage of P as phytate. When fed to swine, LPC increases P utilization and reduces P content of manure. While differences in P content between manure from animals fed TC and LPC diets have been documented, solubility and lability of manure P have not been compared. Manure P was characterized in manure from swine fed either LPC or TC diets in 2000 and 2001. Total P was lower (20 vs. 34 g kg super(-1)) and N to P ratio was higher (4.5 vs. 3.3) in LPC manure than in TC manure. Manures were sequentially extracted with deionized water, 0.5 M NaHCO sub(3), 0.1 M NaOH, and 1.0 M HCl. Extracts were analyzed for inorganic and total P. Most P (approximately 80%) in the extracts was in the inorganic form. Concentration of P in the water-extractable fraction was lower for LPC manure (10.2 g kg super(-1) in 2000 and 9.7 g kg super(-1) in 2001) than for TC manure (13.6 g kg super(-1) in 2000 and 17.0 g kg super(-1) in 2001). Percentage of total P in each extract was in the order of: H sub(2)O (60%), HCl (22%), NaHCO sub(3) (12%), NaOH (8%), and residue (<1%). Total P and distribution of P in extracts indicates swine are able to utilize more P contained in LPC feed but the composition of P excreted in LPC manure is similar to TC manure. Solubility, crop availability, and lability of P in LPC manure should be similar to that of TC manure. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Wienhold, B J AU - Miller, P S AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Soil and Water Conservation Research Unit, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA, bwienhold1@unl.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 389 EP - 393 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Pig KW - maize KW - swine KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Agriculture KW - Manure KW - Animal wastes KW - Solubility KW - Sus scrofa KW - Fractionation KW - Zea mays KW - Phosphorus KW - Excretion KW - Land application KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16188092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Phosphorus+Fractionation+in+Manure+from+Swine+Fed+Traditional+and+Low-Phytate+Corn+Diets&rft.au=Wienhold%2C+B+J%3BMiller%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Wienhold&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Diets; Solubility; Animal wastes; Manure; Fractionation; Phosphorus; Excretion; Land application; Sus scrofa; Zea mays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rate of CCA leaching from commercially treated decking AN - 16179787; 6064090 AB - Conflicting reports on levels of arsenic in soil beneath decks treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) have raised concerns about arsenic exposure from this type of treated wood. This paper reports on an evaluation of the rate of release of copper, chromium, and arsenic from commercially treated lumber as a function of treatment additive (with or without water repellent) and rate of rainfall. Treated lumber was purchased from several retailers at three times over the course of a year, and exposed under laboratory conditions to simulated rainfall at rates of 2.5, 8.0, or 25.4 mm/hr., up to a total of 762 mm of rainfall. Water running off the specimens was periodically collected and analyzed for the concentration of leached arsenic, chromium, and copper. The amount of arsenic released from each specimen ranged from 0.16 percent when rainfall was delivered at 25.4 mm/hr. to 0.72 percent when rainfall was delivered at 2.5 mm/hr. The rate of arsenic release was highest initially and then stabilized at an average of 0.0143, 0.0079, and 0.0062 mu g/cm super(2)/mm rainfall for the 2.5, 8.0, and 25.4 mm/hr. rainfall rates, respectively. The inclusion of water repellent in the CCA treatment did not have a consistent effect on leaching. In most cases, leaching of arsenic was greater in specimens containing the water-repellent additive, but the water repellent did appear to reduce leaching of copper. Using similar methodology, a secondary study was conducted to evaluate the ability of several finishes to reduce leaching. The results indicate that finishing decking with a semi-transparent water-repellent stain, latex paint, or oil-based paint will greatly reduce the leaching of arsenic, chromium, and copper. JF - Forest Products Journal AU - Lebow, S AU - Foster, D AU - Lebow, P AD - USDA Forest Serv., Forest Products Lab., One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 81 EP - 88 VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 0015-7473, 0015-7473 KW - commercially treated decks KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Arsenic KW - Leaching KW - Chromated copper arsenate KW - Housing KW - Heavy metals KW - Rainfall KW - Residential areas KW - Wood KW - Soil contamination KW - Additives KW - Paints KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16179787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.atitle=Rate+of+CCA+leaching+from+commercially+treated+decking&rft.au=Lebow%2C+S%3BFoster%2C+D%3BLebow%2C+P&rft.aulast=Lebow&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Products+Journal&rft.issn=00157473&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Leaching; Housing; Chromated copper arsenate; Heavy metals; Rainfall; Residential areas; Wood; Soil contamination; Additives; Paints ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Removal of phosphorus from water using lignocellulosic material modified with iron species from acid mine drainage AN - 16176208; 5987008 AB - Lignocellulosic biosorbents, including juniper fiber, show promise as sorbents for removing pollutants from wastewater run-off because of their low cost. In this study, juniper fiber modified with iron species from acid mine drainage (AMD) was tested for its capacity to remove phosphorus from water compared to unmodified juniper fiber. In batch tests, the maximum adsorbate loading (Q sub(max)) of phosphorus onto the modified adsorbent was 1.83 mg g super(-1) at pH 4.0, obtained by fitting the isotherm results to the Langmuir isotherm model. This value is similar to the sorption capacity of other conventional adsorbents such as goethite, which implies that the modified lignocellulosic material would be effective as a sorbent for removing phosphorus from water. In the kinetic test, the pseudo-second order kinetic model fitted well the sorption of phosphorus onto the modified filter medium, showing the kinetic constant (k) of 8.09 x 10 super(-2) g(mg min) super(-1) at initial phosphorus concentration of 10 mg l super(-1). JF - Environmental Technology AU - Shin, E W AU - Han, J S AU - Min, SH AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive Madison, Wisconsin 53726-2398, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 185 EP - 191 VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 0959-3330, 0959-3330 KW - Junipers KW - Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Juniperus KW - Acidic wastes KW - Mine drainage KW - Phosphorus KW - Mine tailings KW - Goethite KW - Pollutants KW - Isotherms KW - Sorption KW - Acid Mine Drainage KW - Adsorbents KW - Model Studies KW - Filters KW - Fibers KW - Kinetics KW - Wastewater discharges KW - Adsorption KW - Capacity KW - Iron KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - AQ 00007:Industrial Effluents KW - SW 3040:Wastewater treatment processes KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16176208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Technology&rft.atitle=Removal+of+phosphorus+from+water+using+lignocellulosic+material+modified+with+iron+species+from+acid+mine+drainage&rft.au=Shin%2C+E+W%3BHan%2C+J+S%3BMin%2C+SH&rft.aulast=Shin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Technology&rft.issn=09593330&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorption; Pollutants; Phosphorus; Adsorption; Isotherms; Iron; Goethite; Mine tailings; Filters; Fibers; Acidic wastes; Kinetics; Mine drainage; Wastewater discharges; Adsorbents; Acid Mine Drainage; Capacity; Model Studies; Juniperus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic determination of fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 in corn silage. AN - 80108408; 14733494 AB - Corn silage was dried, ground, and then extracted with 0.1 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The filtrate was applied to a FumoniTest immunoaffinity column. Fumonisins were derivatized with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde, separated on a C(18) liquid chromatographic column, and detected by fluorescence. The detection limits for fumonisin B(1), fumonisin B(2), and fumonisin B(3) were 50, 25, and 25 ng/g of dried silage, respectively. Recoveries of fumonisin B(1), fumonisin B(2), and fumonisin B(3) from wet and dried corn silage spiked over the range of 100-5000 ng/g averaged 91-106%. The method was applied to corn silage samples collected from the midwestern area of the United States during 2001-2002. Of 89 corn silage samples, fumonisin B(1), fumonisin B(2), and fumonisin B(3) were found in 86 (97%), 64 (72%), and 51 (57%) of the samples. The mean positive levels of fumonisin B(1), fumonisin B(2), and fumonisin B(3) were 615, 93, and 51 ng/g, respectively, in dried silage. This suggests that fumonisins may be frequent low level contaminants in corn silage. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Kim, Eun-Kyung AU - Maragos, Chris M AU - Kendra, David F AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA. Y1 - 2004/01/28/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jan 28 SP - 196 EP - 200 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Fumonisins KW - 0 KW - Naphthalenes KW - Solvents KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde KW - 7149-49-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Silage -- analysis KW - Fumonisins -- analysis KW - Zea mays -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80108408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+fumonisins+B1%2C+B2%2C+and+B3+in+corn+silage.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Eun-Kyung%3BMaragos%2C+Chris+M%3BKendra%2C+David+F&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Eun-Kyung&rft.date=2004-01-28&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The National Watershed Boundary Dataset AN - 959094612; 2012-034158 JF - Hydro Line AU - Laitta, Michael T AU - Legleiter, Kenneth J AU - Hanson, Karen M Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1 EP - 1, 7 PB - ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute), Redlands, CA VL - Summer 2004 KW - hydrology KW - technology KW - watersheds KW - water resources KW - information management KW - National Watershed Boundary Dataset KW - data management KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/959094612?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydro+Line&rft.atitle=The+National+Watershed+Boundary+Dataset&rft.au=Laitta%2C+Michael+T%3BLegleiter%2C+Kenneth+J%3BHanson%2C+Karen+M&rft.aulast=Laitta&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=Summer+2004&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydro+Line&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs143_021601.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - #06956 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data management; hydrology; information management; National Watershed Boundary Dataset; technology; water resources; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of phosphorus source coefficients for organic phosphorus sources: laboratory studies. AN - 80163555; 14964394 AB - Phosphorus losses in runoff from application of manures and biosolids to agricultural land are implicated in the degradation of water quality in the Chesapeake and Delaware Inland Bays. We conducted an incubation study to determine the relative P solubility and bioavailability, referred to as P source coefficients (PSCs), for organic P sources, which are typically land-applied in the Mid-Atlantic USA. Nine organic and one inorganic (KH2PO4) P amendments were applied to an Evesboro loamy sand (mesic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments) at a rate of 60 mg P kg(-1) and incubated for 8 wk with subsamples analyzed at 2 and 8 wk. There was an increase in Mehlich-3 P (M3-P), water-soluble P (WS-P), iron-oxide strip extractable P (FeO-P), and Mehlich-3 P saturation ratio (M3-PSR) with P additions, which varied by P source. The trend of relative extractable WS-P, FeO-P, and M3-P generally followed the pattern: inorganic P > liquid and deep pit manures > manures and biosolids treated with metal salts or composted. We found significant differences in the availability of P from varying organic P sources. The use of PSCs may be beneficial when determining the risk of P losses from land application of manures and other organic P sources and could be used in risk assessments such as a P site index. These PSCs may also be useful for determining P application rates when organic P sources are applied to P deficient soils for use as a fertilizer source. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Leytem, A B AU - Sims, J T AU - Coale, F J AD - USDA-ARS, North West Irrigation and Soils Research Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341-5076, USA. leytem@nwisrl.ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 380 EP - 388 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Manure KW - 0 KW - Organophosphates KW - Soil KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Agriculture KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Cattle KW - Solubility KW - Humans KW - Mid-Atlantic Region KW - Phosphorus -- chemistry KW - Organophosphates -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80163555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Determination+of+phosphorus+source+coefficients+for+organic+phosphorus+sources%3A+laboratory+studies.&rft.au=Leytem%2C+A+B%3BSims%2C+J+T%3BCoale%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Leytem&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic ligand effects on enzymatic dephosphorylation of myo-inositol hexakis dihydrogenphosphate in dairy wastewater. AN - 80162497; 14964390 AB - Animal manure contains partially digested feed fiber and grains where phosphorus (P) is bound in organic compounds that include myo-inositol 1,2,3,5/4,6-hexakis dihydrogenphosphate or phytic acid (IP6). Information is needed on the effects of other (non-IP6) organic ligands (LIGND) on the enzymatic dephosphorylation of IP6, which is a potential source of dissolved orthophosphate P (PO4-P) in the soil-manure-water system. The effects of 1,2-cyclohexane diamino-tetraacetate (CDTA), diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N'',N''-pentaacetate (DTPA), ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (EDTA), oxalate (OXA), and phthalate (PHTH) and LIGND to IP6 molar ratio and charge concentration ratio on IP6 dephosphorylation were studied to determine controlling mechanisms of IP6 persistence in manure. Solution PO4-P concentrations were analyzed by ion chromatography as the phosphomolybdate-ascorbic acid method partly includes IP6-P. Uncomplexed IP6 dephosphorylation by Aspergillus ficuum (Reichardt) Henn. phytase EC 3.1.3.8 at pH 4.5 and 6 is unaffected by the presence of LIGNDs. As the concentrations of Ca2+, Al3+, or Fe3+ increase, dephosphorylation is reduced. Their inhibitory effect lessens in the presence of LIGNDs, in the following order: CDTA = EDTA > DTPA >> OXA > or = PHTH. Whether CDTA or EDTA is the most effective LIGND depends upon the acidity of the suspension and LIGND charge concentration, reducing the inhibitory effect of polyvalent counterions to the point of promoting the hydrolysis of a manure phytase-hydrolyzable phosphorus (PHP) fraction that is otherwise unavailable. Therefore, ligand-induced changes increase the mobilization and dephosphorylation of complexed organic P, above and beyond the simple dissolution of inorganic phosphates. An analytical method for potentially bioavailable PHP in animal manure should include a LIGND as extracting reagent. Also, potential LIGNDs in an organic carbon-rich dairy wastewater may increase the release of PHP and environmental dispersion of PO4-P. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Dao, Thanh H AD - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Animal Manure and By-Products Laboratory, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. thdao@anri.barc.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 349 EP - 357 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Ligands KW - 0 KW - Manure KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Phytic Acid KW - 7IGF0S7R8I KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Dairying KW - Phosphorus -- chemistry KW - Phytic Acid -- chemistry KW - Waste Disposal, Fluid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80162497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Organic+ligand+effects+on+enzymatic+dephosphorylation+of+myo-inositol+hexakis+dihydrogenphosphate+in+dairy+wastewater.&rft.au=Dao%2C+Thanh+H&rft.aulast=Dao&rft.aufirst=Thanh&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dissolved phosphorus retention and release from a coastal plain in-stream wetland. AN - 80161904; 14964396 AB - Dissolved phosphorus (DP) can be released from wetlands as a result of flooding or shifts in water column concentrations. Our objectives were to determine the long-term (1460 d) DP retention and release characteristics of an in-stream wetland, and to evaluate how these characteristics respond to flooding, draining, and changes in DP concentrations. The studied in-stream wetland drains an agriculturally intensive subwatershed in the North Carolina Coastal Plain region. The wetland's DP retention and release characteristics were evaluated by measuring inflow and outflow DP concentrations, DP mass balance, and DP movement across the sediment-water column interface. Phosphorus sorption isotherms were measured to determine the sediment's equilibria P concentration (EPCo), and passive samplers were used to measure sediment pore water DP concentrations. Initially, the in-stream wetland was undersized (0.31 ha) and released 1.5 kg of DP. Increasing the in-stream wetland area to 0.67 ha by flooding resulted in more DP retention (28 kg) and low outflow DP concentrations. Draining the in-stream wetland from 0.67 to 0.33 ha caused the release of stored DP (12.1 kg). Shifts both in sediment pore water DP concentrations and sediment EPCo values corroborate the release of stored DP. Reflooding the wetland from 0.33 to 0.85 ha caused additional release of stored DP into the outflowing stream (10.9 kg). We conclude that for a time period, this in-stream wetland did provide DP retention. During other time periods, DP was released due to changes in wetland area, rainfall, and DP concentrations. JF - Journal of environmental quality AU - Novak, J M AU - Stone, K C AU - Szogi, A A AU - Watts, D W AU - Johnson, M H AD - USDA-ARS-Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, 2611 West Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA. novak@florence.ars.usda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 394 EP - 401 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Solubility KW - Humans KW - Water Movements KW - North Carolina KW - Rain KW - Phosphorus -- chemistry KW - Fresh Water -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80161904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.atitle=Dissolved+phosphorus+retention+and+release+from+a+coastal+plain+in-stream+wetland.&rft.au=Novak%2C+J+M%3BStone%2C+K+C%3BSzogi%2C+A+A%3BWatts%2C+D+W%3BJohnson%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Novak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of basaltic mineral fines on composting. AN - 80150399; 14761752 AB - A by-product of the construction aggregate industry is fines or dust that contain trace elements such as zinc and copper and significant amounts of iron, aluminum, silica and potassium. Beneficial uses for these materials have been proposed such as replenishing depleted soils and amendment in mixtures of organic byproducts prior to composting. To evaluate the beneficial uses in composting, outdoor bin studies were conducted using a beef cattle manure, straw and wood chip mixture amended with and without basaltic mineral fines. Temperature differences in composting mixtures of equal volumes, equal moisture and relatively equal material content are considered an indication of differing biological activities [Haug, Compost Engineering Principles and Practice. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI. (1980)]. Temperatures were lower in the mineral fine-treated manure mixture initially. After turning the piles at six weeks, temperatures tended to be higher in the mineral fine amended mixture. Overall, temperatures were not significantly different suggesting that mineral fines amendment does not significantly increase temperature and activity in composting mixtures. JF - Waste management (New York, N.Y.) AU - Sikora, Lawrence J AD - Animal Manure & Byproducts Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. sikoral@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 139 EP - 142 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0956-053X, 0956-053X KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Industrial Waste KW - Manure KW - Minerals KW - Silicates KW - Trace Elements KW - basalt KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Temperature KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Silicates -- chemistry KW - Minerals -- chemistry KW - Refuse Disposal -- methods KW - Construction Materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80150399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+management+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+basaltic+mineral+fines+on+composting.&rft.au=Sikora%2C+Lawrence+J&rft.aulast=Sikora&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+management+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=0956053X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial contamination in inoculated shell eggs: II. Effects of layer strain and egg storage. AN - 80142144; 14761090 AB - Three Ottawa control strains and a current commercial laying stock were reared and housed in the same environment. Eggs were collected at 5 different hen ages throughout the 2 production cycles of the flock. The eggs were inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF), a combination of the 2, or sterile buffered peptone water and stored up to 5 wk. After storage at room temperature, contamination levels were determined for the exterior surface, air cell, egg contents, and within the shell. Interior, egg contents, and shell contamination levels of SE and PF increased with storage time. There were no apparent increases in the infectivity of SE or PF in the presence of the other organism. PF was a poor survivor on the shell surface under these storage conditions. Throughout the 5-wk storage, eggs from control strain 10 maintained their microbial integrity more effectively. Eggs from control strain 5 and the current commercial stock were more easily contaminated than the other strains. These data suggest that genetic selection has altered microbiological defenses of the eggs produced. JF - Poultry science AU - Jones, D R AU - Curtis, P A AU - Anderson, K E AU - Jones, F T AD - Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA. drjones@saa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 95 EP - 100 VL - 83 IS - 1 SN - 0032-5791, 0032-5791 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens -- growth & development KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Breeding KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- growth & development KW - Food Contamination KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- pathogenicity KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens -- pathogenicity KW - Selection, Genetic KW - Female KW - Eggs -- standards KW - Chickens -- physiology KW - Egg Shell -- microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Chickens -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80142144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poultry+science&rft.atitle=Microbial+contamination+in+inoculated+shell+eggs%3A+II.+Effects+of+layer+strain+and+egg+storage.&rft.au=Jones%2C+D+R%3BCurtis%2C+P+A%3BAnderson%2C+K+E%3BJones%2C+F+T&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Poultry+science&rft.issn=00325791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicide safety relative to common targets in plants and mammals. AN - 80102672; 14727737 AB - Most modern herbicides have low mammalian toxicity. One of the reasons for this safety is that the target site for the herbicides is not often present in mammals. There are approximately 20 mechanisms of action that have been elucidated for herbicides. Of these, some do share common target sites with mammals. The mechanisms include formation of free radicals, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), glutamine synthetase (GS) and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). PROTOX, HPPD and GS inhibitors have been shown to inhibit these enzymes in both plants and mammals and there are measurable effects in mammalian systems. However, the consequences of inhibiting a common target site in plants can be quite different than in animals. What may be a lethal event in plants, eg inhibition of HPPD, can have a beneficial effect in mammals, eg treatment for tyrosinemia type I. These chemicals also have low mammalian toxicity due to rapid metabolism and/or excretion of the herbicide from mammalian systems. JF - Pest management science AU - Shaner, Dale L AD - USDA-ARS Water Management Unit, AERC Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. shaner@wmu.aerc.colostate.edu Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 17 EP - 24 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Enzymes KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase KW - EC 1.13.11.27 KW - Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors KW - EC 1.3.- KW - Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase KW - EC 1.3.3.4 KW - Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase KW - EC 6.3.1.2 KW - Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase KW - EC 6.4.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Animals KW - Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase -- metabolism KW - Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase -- metabolism KW - Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase -- metabolism KW - Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors -- metabolism KW - Plants -- metabolism KW - Allosteric Site -- drug effects KW - Enzymes -- metabolism KW - Mammals -- metabolism KW - Herbicides -- toxicity KW - Plants -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80102672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+management+science&rft.atitle=Herbicide+safety+relative+to+common+targets+in+plants+and+mammals.&rft.au=Shaner%2C+Dale+L&rft.aulast=Shaner&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+management+science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simplified qualitative method for canavanine in seeds and sprouts. AN - 80093267; 14717378 AB - The major stored nitrogen compound in alfalfa seeds is canavanine. To identify this nonprotein amino acid from seed extract and sprout water, a qualitative micro-thin-layer chromatography method was developed. Successful separation and identification was achieved using microsilica plates, a 70:30 ethyl alcohol-water solvent system, and 1% ammonium disodium pentacyanoammineferrate II for color development. This quick method was used to identify canavanine (sensitivity 50 microg) from irradiated and nonirradiated alfalfa and clover seed extracts and alfalfa sprout water. Broccoli and radish seed extracts were negative for canavanine. This simple method is useful to track the release and decrease of canavanine in the sprout water. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Rajkowski, Kathleen T AD - US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety Intervention Technologies Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038-8598, USA. krajkowski@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 212 EP - 214 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Canavanine KW - 3HZV514J4B KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Germination KW - Seeds -- chemistry KW - Food Irradiation KW - Time Factors KW - Canavanine -- radiation effects KW - Medicago sativa -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer -- methods KW - Canavanine -- analysis KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Canavanine -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80093267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Simplified+qualitative+method+for+canavanine+in+seeds+and+sprouts.&rft.au=Rajkowski%2C+Kathleen+T&rft.aulast=Rajkowski&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mean total arsenic concentrations in chicken 1989-2000 and estimated exposures for consumers of chicken. AN - 80072800; 14698925 AB - The purpose of this study was to estimate mean concentrations of total arsenic in chicken liver tissue and then estimate total and inorganic arsenic ingested by humans through chicken consumption. We used national monitoring data from the Food Safety and Inspection Service National Residue Program to estimate mean arsenic concentrations for 1994-2000. Incorporating assumptions about the concentrations of arsenic in liver and muscle tissues as well as the proportions of inorganic and organic arsenic, we then applied the estimates to national chicken consumption data to calculate inorganic, organic, and total arsenic ingested by eating chicken. The mean concentration of total arsenic in young chickens was 0.39 ppm, 3- to 4-fold higher than in other poultry and meat. At mean levels of chicken consumption (60 g/person/day), people may ingest 1.38-5.24 microg/day of inorganic arsenic from chicken alone. At the 99th percentile of chicken consumption (350 g chicken/day), people may ingest 21.13-30.59 microg inorganic arsenic/day and 32.50-47.07 microg total arsenic/day from chicken. These concentrations are higher than previously recognized in chicken, which may necessitate adjustments to estimates of arsenic ingested through diet and may need to be considered when estimating overall exposure to arsenic. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Lasky, Tamar AU - Sun, Wenyu AU - Kadry, Abdel AU - Hoffman, Michael K AD - Office of Public Health and Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA. TL177G@nih.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 18 EP - 21 VL - 112 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Public Health KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Diet KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Risk Assessment KW - Arsenic -- analysis KW - Chickens KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80072800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Mean+total+arsenic+concentrations+in+chicken+1989-2000+and+estimated+exposures+for+consumers+of+chicken.&rft.au=Lasky%2C+Tamar%3BSun%2C+Wenyu%3BKadry%2C+Abdel%3BHoffman%2C+Michael+K&rft.aulast=Lasky&rft.aufirst=Tamar&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J AOAC Int. 1993 Jan-Feb;76(1):14-25 [8448438] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Sep;107(9):705-10 [10464069] Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Mar 15;151(6):554-65 [10733037] Food Addit Contam. 1999 Nov;16(11):465-72 [10755138] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jul;108(7):667-73 [10903622] Can J Comp Med. 1985 Apr;49(2):159-63 [4016583] Health Phys. 1989 Mar;56(3):315-9 [2917860] J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1991 Jul-Aug;74(4):587-91 [1917804] Br J Cancer. 1995 Jan;71(1):109-14 [7819025] Cancer Res. 1995 Mar 15;55(6):1296-300 [7882325] Mutat Res. 1997 Jun;386(3):219-28 [9219560] Nahrung. 1997 Oct;41(5):289-92 [9399256] Z Ernahrungswiss. 1998 Sep;37(3):288-93 [9800320] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 May;107(5):359-65 [10210691] Comment In: Environ Health Perspect. 2004 May;112(6):A338-9 [15121529] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Jan;112(1):A50 [14714546] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of dietary folate and aging on gene expression in the colonic mucosa of rats: implications for carcinogenesis. AN - 80069485; 12970065 AB - Folate depletion and aging are risk factors for colorectal cancer. We investigated the effects of folate status and aging on gene expression in the rat colon. Young (weanling) and older (12 month) rats were fed folic acid depleted (0 mg/kg) and supplemented (8 mg/kg) diets for 20 weeks. Gene expression was measured in colonic mucosal scrapings (n = 3 per group) using oligonucleotide arrays (Affymetrix U34A). Folate depletion induced the up-regulation of immune-related genes, urokinase and inducible nitric oxide synthase and the down-regulation of adhesion molecules (protocadherin-4, nidogen and integrin alphaV) and vascular endothelial growth factor in young rats. The abbreviated response to depletion in old rats (62 changes versus 136 in the young) included up-regulation of caspase-2 and deleted in colon cancer. Gene expression changes due to aging were more abundant in folate depleted than supplemented rats (38 versus 119 genes, respectively). In folate-deficient rats, aging induced the down-regulation of immune-related genes, urokinase, p53, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and vav-1 oncogene. In folate supplemented rats, aging induced the down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and caspase-2. Lower expression of adhesion molecules and higher expression of urokinase with folate depletion in young rats may indicate that cell detachment and migration, cancer-related processes, may be modulated by folate status. An age-related decline in p53 and IGF-BP3 expression was only observed in folate depleted animals, indicating that folate supplementation may reduce the risk for age-associated cancers by suppressing deleterious changes in the expression of certain genes. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Crott, Jimmy W AU - Choi, Sang-Woon AU - Ordovas, Jose M AU - Ditelberg, Jeremy S AU - Mason, Joel B AD - Vitamins and Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. jimmy.crott@tufts.edu Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 69 EP - 76 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Oligonucleotide Probes KW - 0 KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II KW - Nos2 protein, rat KW - Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator KW - EC 3.4.21.73 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator -- genetics KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- physiology KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- genetics KW - Intestinal Mucosa -- metabolism KW - Diet KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Male KW - Colon -- metabolism KW - Aging KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Folic Acid -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80069485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dietary+folate+and+aging+on+gene+expression+in+the+colonic+mucosa+of+rats%3A+implications+for+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Crott%2C+Jimmy+W%3BChoi%2C+Sang-Woon%3BOrdovas%2C+Jose+M%3BDitelberg%2C+Jeremy+S%3BMason%2C+Joel+B&rft.aulast=Crott&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide fate and transport in coastal plain watersheds AN - 742904943; 2005-029228 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Potter, Thomas L AU - Bosch, David D AU - Sullivan, Dana AU - Wauchope, R Don AU - Katz, Brian G AU - Raabe, Ellen A Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 61 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - Suwannee River basin KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - degradation KW - pollutants KW - surface water KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - pollution KW - Florida KW - coastal plains KW - models KW - transport KW - runoff KW - pesticides KW - discharge KW - USGS KW - land use KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742904943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Pesticide+fate+and+transport+in+coastal+plain+watersheds&rft.au=Potter%2C+Thomas+L%3BBosch%2C+David+D%3BSullivan%2C+Dana%3BWauchope%2C+R+Don%3BKatz%2C+Brian+G%3BRaabe%2C+Ellen+A&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1332/pdf/ofr2004_1332.pdf https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Suwannee River basin and estuary integrated science workshop N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on April 12, 2005 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; Atlantic Coastal Plain; coastal plains; degradation; discharge; Florida; hydrology; land use; models; pesticides; pollutants; pollution; runoff; soils; surface water; Suwannee River basin; transport; United States; USGS; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of riparian ecosystems on water quality in the western upper Suwannee River watershed AN - 742898200; 2005-029195 JF - Open-File Report - U. S. Geological Survey AU - Lowrence, Richard AU - Vellidis, George AU - Bosch, David AU - Sheridan, Joseph AU - Williams, Randall AU - Hubbard, Robert AU - Katz, Brian G AU - Raabe, Ellen A Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 21 PB - U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA SN - 0196-1497, 0196-1497 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - water quality KW - waste water KW - surface water KW - rivers and streams KW - agriculture KW - watersheds KW - surficial aquifers KW - ecosystems KW - Florida KW - environmental effects KW - ground water KW - aquifers KW - nutrients KW - riparian environment KW - transport KW - sediments KW - Suwannee River KW - animal waste KW - pesticides KW - USGS KW - land use KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742898200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+riparian+ecosystems+on+water+quality+in+the+western+upper+Suwannee+River+watershed&rft.au=Lowrence%2C+Richard%3BVellidis%2C+George%3BBosch%2C+David%3BSheridan%2C+Joseph%3BWilliams%2C+Randall%3BHubbard%2C+Robert%3BKatz%2C+Brian+G%3BRaabe%2C+Ellen+A&rft.aulast=Lowrence&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Open-File+Report+-+U.+S.+Geological+Survey&rft.issn=01961497&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1332/pdf/ofr2004_1332.pdf https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/browse/usgs-publications/OFR LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Suwannee River basin and estuary integrated science workshop N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - SuppNotes - Accessed on April 12, 2005 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - XGROAG N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; animal waste; aquifers; ecosystems; environmental effects; Florida; ground water; hydrology; land use; nutrients; pesticides; riparian environment; rivers and streams; sediments; surface water; surficial aquifers; Suwannee River; transport; United States; USGS; waste water; water quality; watersheds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro inhibitory effect of gossypol from gossypol-acetic acid, and (+)- and (-)-isomers of gossypol on the growth of Edwardsiella ictaluri. AN - 72010356; 15186445 AB - This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of gossypol from gossypol-acetic acid, and (+)- and (-)-isomers of gossypol on the growth of Edwardsiella ictaluri. Inhibitory effect of various concentrations of gossypol on the growth of E. ictaluri was determined. Bacterial recovery was performed by preincubation of bacteria in medium containing various concentrations of gossypol and subsequent activation of bacteria by inoculating on gossypol-free plates. Concentrations of racemic gossypol, (+)-gossypol and (-)-gossypol of 1.5 microg ml(-1) or higher significantly reduced the number of bacterial colonies compared with that of the control. The growth of E. ictaluri was completely inhibited on agar plates supplemented with 3 microg ml(-1), regardless of the forms of gossypol. The inhibitory effect of (+)-gossypol was higher than that of (-)-gossypol or gossypol-acetic acid. Recovery of E. ictaluri was <50% for all three forms of gossypol at concentrations of 5 microg ml(-1). Bacterial recovery remained relatively constant (6.5%) at gossypol concentrations from 10 to 100 microg ml(-1). Complete killing of E. ictaluri was not reached at gossypol levels up to 100 microg ml(-1). Gossypol-acetic acid, and (+)- and (-)-optical isomers have anti-bacterial effect against E. ictaluri. The results suggest the action is bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. The therapeutic effect of gossypol against E. ictaluri may be useful in controlling enteric septicaemia of catfish. JF - Journal of applied microbiology AU - Yildirim-Aksoy, M AU - Lim, C AU - Dowd, M K AU - Wan, P J AU - Klesius, P H AU - Shoemaker, C AD - Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, MSA, Auburn, AL 36831-0952, USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 87 EP - 92 VL - 97 IS - 1 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Gossypol KW - KAV15B369O KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacteriological Techniques KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri -- drug effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Gossypol -- pharmacology KW - Edwardsiella ictaluri -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72010356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+inhibitory+effect+of+gossypol+from+gossypol-acetic+acid%2C+and+%28%2B%29-+and+%28-%29-isomers+of+gossypol+on+the+growth+of+Edwardsiella+ictaluri.&rft.au=Yildirim-Aksoy%2C+M%3BLim%2C+C%3BDowd%2C+M+K%3BWan%2C+P+J%3BKlesius%2C+P+H%3BShoemaker%2C+C&rft.aulast=Yildirim-Aksoy&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shared feed as a means of deer-to-deer transmission of Mycobacterium bovis. AN - 71926078; 15137492 AB - To determine the ability of experimentally inoculated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to transmit Mycobacterium bovis to naïve deer through the sharing of feed, four deer were intratonsillarly inoculated with 4 x 10(5) colony-forming units of M. bovis. On a daily basis, feed not consumed by inoculated deer after approximately 8 hr was offered to four naïve deer maintained in a separate pen, where direct contact, aerosol transmission, or transmission through personnel were prevented. After 150 days, naïve deer were euthanized and examined. All naïve deer had lesions consistent with tuberculosis and M. bovis was isolated from various tissues. The most commonly affected tissues were lung, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, and mediastinal lymph nodes. This study demonstrates the potential for indirect transmission of M. bovis through the sharing of feed. Intentional or unintentional feeding of deer by wildlife or agricultural interests in regions where M. bovis infection is endemic should be avoided because both direct and indirect transmission through sharing of feed are enhanced. JF - Journal of wildlife diseases AU - Palmer, Mitchell V AU - Waters, W Ray AU - Whipple, Diana L AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA. mpalmer@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 87 EP - 91 VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Random Allocation KW - Lymph Nodes -- microbiology KW - Lymph Nodes -- pathology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lung -- microbiology KW - Mycobacterium bovis -- isolation & purification KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Tuberculosis -- transmission KW - Tuberculosis -- veterinary KW - Deer UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71926078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+wildlife+diseases&rft.atitle=Shared+feed+as+a+means+of+deer-to-deer+transmission+of+Mycobacterium+bovis.&rft.au=Palmer%2C+Mitchell+V%3BWaters%2C+W+Ray%3BWhipple%2C+Diana+L&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+wildlife+diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival of spores of Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata after exposure to ethanol solutions at various temperatures. AN - 71917175; 15139929 AB - To quantify and model the toxicity of brief exposures of spores of Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata to heated, aqueous ethanol solutions. These fungi are common postharvest decay pathogens of fresh grapes and other produce. Sanitation of produce reduces postharvest losses caused by these and other pathogens. Spores of the fungi were exposed to solutions containing up to 30% (v/v) ethanol at 25-50 degrees C for 30 s, then their survival was determined by germination on semisolid media. Logistical, second-order surface-response models were prepared for each fungus. Subinhibitory ethanol concentrations at ambient temperatures became inhibitory when heated at temperatures much lower than those that cause thermal destruction of the spores by water alone. At 40 degrees C, the estimated ethanol concentrations that inhibited the germination of 50% (LD(50)) of the spores of B. cinerea, A. alternata, A. niger and R. stolonifer were 9.7, 13.5, 19.6 and 20.6%, respectively. Ethanol and heat combinations were synergistic. Control of spores of these fungi could be accomplished with much lower temperatures and ethanol concentrations when combined compared with either used alone. Botrytis cinerea and A. alternata were less resistant to the combination than A. niger or R. stolonifer. JF - Journal of applied microbiology AU - Mlikota Gabler, F AU - Mansour, M F AU - Smilanick, J L AU - Mackey, B E AD - Institute for Adriatic Crops, Put Duilova, Split, Croatia. fgabler@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1354 EP - 1360 VL - 96 IS - 6 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Rhizopus -- physiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Botrytis -- physiology KW - Temperature KW - Alternaria -- physiology KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Vitis -- microbiology KW - Aspergillus niger -- physiology KW - Spores, Fungal -- drug effects KW - Hot Temperature KW - Ethanol -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71917175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Survival+of+spores+of+Rhizopus+stolonifer%2C+Aspergillus+niger%2C+Botrytis+cinerea+and+Alternaria+alternata+after+exposure+to+ethanol+solutions+at+various+temperatures.&rft.au=Mlikota+Gabler%2C+F%3BMansour%2C+M+F%3BSmilanick%2C+J+L%3BMackey%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Mlikota+Gabler&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1354&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial patterns of recreation impact on experimental campsites. AN - 71898231; 15125547 AB - Management of camping impacts in protected areas worldwide is limited by inadequate understanding of spatial patterns of impact and attention to spatial management strategies. Spatial patterns of campsite impact were studied in two subalpine plant communities in the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, USA (a forest and a meadow). Response to chronic disturbance and recovery from acute disturbance were both assessed. Previously undisturbed sites were camped on at intensities of one and four nights/year, for either one or three consecutive years. Recovery was followed for three years on sites camped on for one year. Percent bare ground, assessed in 49 contiguous 1 m2 quadrats, increased with increasing use frequency, particularly on the forest sites. Magnitude of impact varied spatially within campsites, with impact decreasing as distance from the center of the campsite increased. On the more fragile forest sites, this radial impact pattern developed rapidly and remained after three years of recovery. Concentration of camping activities around a centrally located small cooking stove was the apparent cause of this pattern. Maximum variation in magnitude of impact occurred at intermediate levels of campsite use and disturbance. The magnitude, variability and spatial pattern of impact varied with the spatial scale of analysis. Generally, results of these controlled experiments are consistent with earlier studies of campsites and validate the management implications derived from those studies. Even where campers use low-impact techniques, low levels of camping use can cause substantial impact and it is important to concentrate use. On resistant sites, however, it is possible that low levels of use can be sustained with minimal resultant impact. JF - Journal of environmental management AU - Cole, David N AU - Monz, Christopher A AD - Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, MT 59807, USA. dcole@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 73 EP - 84 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0301-4797, 0301-4797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Wyoming KW - Plant Development KW - Humans KW - Ecosystem KW - Recreation KW - Conservation of Natural Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71898231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+management&rft.atitle=Spatial+patterns+of+recreation+impact+on+experimental+campsites.&rft.au=Cole%2C+David+N%3BMonz%2C+Christopher+A&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+management&rft.issn=03014797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of food-drug interactions with special emphasis on older adults. AN - 71861503; 15090899 AB - Adverse drug interactions may be the fourth leading cause of death in hospitalized patients. In children and older adults undetected food-drug interactions may lead to serious morbidity and mortality and be misdiagnosed as chronic disease progression. Recent recognition of the effects of certain foods on many drugs metabolized by CYP450 families or drugs susceptible to chelation and adsorption have increased awareness for prevention of food-drug interactions. Polypharmacy, self-medications with non-prescription drugs including herbal remedies, dietary/nutritional supplements, fortified foods, and polymorphism in drug metabolism increase the need to consider food-drug interactions. Improved food processing and analysis have led to overall decreased risk in monoamine oxidase inhibitor regimens with counseling. Drugs may create submarginal nutrient deficiencies with serious consequences, such as diuretics contributing to thiamin deficiency and further cardiac failure. Foods may contain compounds that lead to therapeutic failure, such as calcium-fortified foods producing therapeutic failure and promoting resistance in antibiotic therapy. Poor nutritional status can lead to poor health outcomes. Prevention of adverse events from food-herb-drug interactions requires clinical monitoring in high-risk regimens and populations. Nutritional status has an important impact on the quality of life as well as appropriate responses to drug therapy. Both diet-drug histories and counseling are needed. As new foods and drugs emerge and more self-medication is promoted, research in the prevention of food-drug interactions is needed. JF - Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care AU - McCabe, Beverly J AD - Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA. bmccabe-sellers@spa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 21 EP - 26 VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1363-1950, 1363-1950 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Nutritional Status -- physiology KW - Food-Drug Interactions -- physiology KW - Herb-Drug Interactions -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71861503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+clinical+nutrition+and+metabolic+care&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+food-drug+interactions+with+special+emphasis+on+older+adults.&rft.au=McCabe%2C+Beverly+J&rft.aulast=McCabe&rft.aufirst=Beverly&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+clinical+nutrition+and+metabolic+care&rft.issn=13631950&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving the two-step remediation process for CCA-treated wood: Part I. Evaluating oxalic acid extraction. AN - 71829992; 15081068 AB - In this study, three possible improvements to a remediation process for chromated-copper-arsenate- (CCA) treated wood were evaluated. The process involves two steps: oxalic acid extraction of wood fiber followed by bacterial culture with Bacillus licheniformis CC01. The three potential improvements to the oxalic acid extraction step were (1) reusing oxalic acid for multiple extractions, (2) varying the ratio of oxalic acid to wood, and (3) using a noncommercial source of oxalic acid such as Aspergillus niger, which produces oxalic acid as a metabolic byproduct. Reusing oxalic acid for multiple extractions removed significant amounts of copper, chromium, and arsenic. Increasing the ratio of wood to acid caused a steady decline in metal removal. Aspergillus niger removed moderate amounts of copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-treated wood. Although A. niger was effective, culture medium costs are likely to offset any benefits. Repeated extraction with commercial oxalic acid appears to be the most cost-effective method tested for the two-step process. JF - Waste management (New York, N.Y.) AU - Clausen, Carol AD - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726-2398, USA. cclausen@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 401 EP - 405 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0956-053X, 0956-053X KW - Arsenates KW - 0 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - chromated copper arsenate KW - 37337-13-6 KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - Oxalic Acid KW - 9E7R5L6H31 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Chromium -- isolation & purification KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Copper -- isolation & purification KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Bacillus KW - Aspergillus niger KW - Arsenic -- isolation & purification KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Arsenates -- metabolism KW - Arsenates -- chemistry KW - Wood KW - Oxalic Acid -- chemistry KW - Arsenates -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71829992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Waste+management+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Improving+the+two-step+remediation+process+for+CCA-treated+wood%3A+Part+I.+Evaluating+oxalic+acid+extraction.&rft.au=Clausen%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Waste+management+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=0956053X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of dietary glutathione and coenzyme Q10 on the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in mice. AN - 71793081; 15060903 AB - Because reactive oxygen species have been implicated as mediators of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we evaluated the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of two dietary antioxidants, glutathione (GSH) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Fifty female 8-wk old Swiss-Webster mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups for a pre-treatment "prevention" study: (1) GSH (1% of diet); (2) CoQ10 (200 mg/kg/d); (3) DSS only (3% of drinking water); (4) control (no treatment). The mice in groups 1 and 2 were fed with GSH or CoQ10 for 21 wks, and the mice in groups 1, 2 and 3 were provided DSS from wk 7 for 4 cycles (1 cycle = 1 wk DSS followed by 2-wk water). Another 50 mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups for a 21-wk "treatment" study where the mice in groups 1, 2, and 3 were administered DSS for 6 cycles (18 wks) to induce colitis. GSH and CoQ10 were added from wk 7 until the completion of the protocol. Loose stools and hemocult positivity were modestly but significantly reduced with GSH or CoQ10 at several periods during the intervention in both the prevention and treatment studies. In contrast, histological evaluation revealed increases in colonic dysplasia and ulceration with GSH or CoQ10. Thus, in this mouse model, GSH and CoQ10 appear to have a beneficial effect on acute signs of IBD, but may have an adverse impact on the chronic pathophysiology of the disease. Further studies using additional animal models are required to determine whether GSH or CoQ10 provide a favorable or unfavorable benefit:risk ratio in the prevention or treatment of IBD. JF - International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition AU - Liu, Chun AU - Russell, Robert M AU - Smith, Donald E AU - Bronson, Roderick T AU - Milbury, Paul E AU - Furukawa, Satoru AU - Wang, Xiang-Dong AU - Blumberg, Jeffrey B AD - Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. cliu@hnrc.tufts.edu Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 74 EP - 85 VL - 74 IS - 1 SN - 0300-9831, 0300-9831 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Ubiquinone KW - 1339-63-5 KW - Dextran Sulfate KW - 9042-14-2 KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Random Allocation KW - Colon -- pathology KW - Colon -- metabolism KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Colitis, Ulcerative -- prevention & control KW - Ubiquinone -- administration & dosage KW - Glutathione -- administration & dosage KW - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Colitis, Ulcerative -- chemically induced KW - Colitis, Ulcerative -- drug therapy KW - Glutathione -- pharmacology KW - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- therapy KW - Diet -- methods KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Ubiquinone -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71793081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+for+vitamin+and+nutrition+research.+Internationale+Zeitschrift+fur+Vitamin-+und+Ernahrungsforschung.+Journal+international+de+vitaminologie+et+de+nutrition&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+dietary+glutathione+and+coenzyme+Q10+on+the+prevention+and+treatment+of+inflammatory+bowel+disease+in+mice.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Chun%3BRussell%2C+Robert+M%3BSmith%2C+Donald+E%3BBronson%2C+Roderick+T%3BMilbury%2C+Paul+E%3BFurukawa%2C+Satoru%3BWang%2C+Xiang-Dong%3BBlumberg%2C+Jeffrey+B&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Chun&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+for+vitamin+and+nutrition+research.+Internationale+Zeitschrift+fur+Vitamin-+und+Ernahrungsforschung.+Journal+international+de+vitaminologie+et+de+nutrition&rft.issn=03009831&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of sodium chlorate on antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli O157:H7. AN - 67298748; 15992263 AB - The spread of antibiotic resistance from farm animals to human pathogens has become a matter of great public health significance, and methods to reduce foodborne pathogenic bacteria without utilizing traditional antibiotics have been sought. Chlorate kills Escherichia coli O157:H7 in vitro and in vivo and has been proposed as a feed additive to be included in food animal rations immediately prior to slaughter to reduce E. coli O157:H7 populations in the animal gastrointestinal tract. This study was designed to examine the effect that the development of chlorate resistance in E. coli O157:H7 has on resistance to 32 medically important antibiotics. Chlorate resistance numerically increased antibiotic resistance in E. coli O157:H7 strain 6058 and strain 933 to six and four antibiotics, respectively, but chlorate resistance affected resistance to only two antibiotics (cefoxotin and sulfadimethoxine) in both strains examined. Based on the fact that chlorate resistant mutants do not appear to compete well in vivo and based on the results of the current study, it appears unlikely that chlorate treatment will result in a dissemination of antibiotic resistance. However, further research is needed to confirm these results. JF - Foodborne pathogens and disease AU - Callaway, T R AU - Anderson, R C AU - Edrington, T S AU - Bischoff, K M AU - Genovese, K J AU - Poole, T L AU - Byrd, J A AU - Harvey, R B AU - Nisbet, D J AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 59 EP - 63 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1535-3141, 1535-3141 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Chlorates KW - sodium chlorate KW - T95DR77GMR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Chlorates -- pharmacology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67298748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foodborne+pathogens+and+disease&rft.atitle=Effects+of+sodium+chlorate+on+antibiotic+resistance+in+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7.&rft.au=Callaway%2C+T+R%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BBischoff%2C+K+M%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BPoole%2C+T+L%3BByrd%2C+J+A%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Callaway&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Foodborne+pathogens+and+disease&rft.issn=15353141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of the genome sequence to address concerns that Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis might be a foodborne pathogen. AN - 67293743; 15992257 AB - Johne's disease, a chronic inflammatory disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis), is one of the most prevalent and costly diseases of dairy cattle worldwide. This ruminant pathogen is closely related to the ubiquitous animal and human pathogen Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium (M. avium), confounding the development of specific diagnostic reagents. Exacerbating this problem further is that most existing microbiological, serological, and immunologic assays for the identification of infected animals are inadequate. This is primarily because of the slow-growing nature of the organism, genetic intractability and the previous lack of information on M. paratuberculosis subspecies-specific genes or proteins that may enable the development of specific and sensitive assays. New detection tools are critically needed to definitively answer questions surrounding M. paratuberculosis as a foodborne pathogen as well as aid in determining if it is a contributing factor in Crohn's disease. Thus, the recent characterization of the complete genome sequence of M. paratuberculosis in our laboratories has been a major step forward in meeting this need. We have performed studies that utilize genomic information for the identification of specific DNA sequences and protein antigens in M. paratuberculosis. Based on a preliminary in silico comparison of the M. paratuberculosis genome sequence with that of M. avium, we have now identified at least 35 novel coding sequences that are unique to M. paratuberculosis. These in silico data were then confirmed and expanded by PCR amplification analysis with DNA from several species and isolates of mycobacteria. Finally, these unique sequences have been incorporated into an antigen discovery project that may allow reliable detection of the bacterium in antigen-based diagnostic tests. Application of these new tools in addressing foodborne related issues of M. paratuberculosis is discussed. JF - Foodborne pathogens and disease AU - Bannantine, John P AU - Barletta, Raúl G AU - Stabel, Judith R AU - Paustian, Michael L AU - Kapur, Vivek AD - USDA-ARS National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA. jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 3 EP - 15 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1535-3141, 1535-3141 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Species Specificity KW - Gene Amplification KW - Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis -- immunology KW - Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis -- genetics KW - Food Microbiology KW - Genome, Bacterial KW - Paratuberculosis -- diagnosis KW - DNA, Bacterial -- chemistry KW - Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis -- pathogenicity KW - Paratuberculosis -- transmission KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67293743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foodborne+pathogens+and+disease&rft.atitle=Application+of+the+genome+sequence+to+address+concerns+that+Mycobacterium+avium+subspecies+paratuberculosis+might+be+a+foodborne+pathogen.&rft.au=Bannantine%2C+John+P%3BBarletta%2C+Ra%C3%BAl+G%3BStabel%2C+Judith+R%3BPaustian%2C+Michael+L%3BKapur%2C+Vivek&rft.aulast=Bannantine&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Foodborne+pathogens+and+disease&rft.issn=15353141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical control of ticks on cattle and the resistance of these parasites to acaricides. AN - 67282008; 15938518 AB - Toward the end of the nineteenth century a complex of problems related to ticks and tick-borne diseases of cattle created a demand for methods to control ticks and reduce losses of cattle. The discovery and use of arsenical solutions in dipping vats for treating cattle to protect them against ticks revolutionized tick and tick-borne disease control programmes. Arsenic dips for cattle were used for about 40 years before the evolution of resistance of ticks to the chemical, and the development and marketing of synthetic organic acaricides after World War II provided superior alternative products. Most of the major groups of organic pesticides are represented on the list of chemicals used to control ticks on cattle. Unfortunately, the successive evolution of resistance of ticks to acaricides in each chemical group with the concomitant reduction in the usefulness of a group of acaricides is a major reason for the diversity of acaricides. Whether a producer chooses a traditional method for treating cattle with an acaricide or uses a new method, he must recognize the benefits, limitations and potential problems with each application method and product. Simulation models and research were the basis of recommendations for tick control strategies advocating approaches that reduced reliance on acaricides. These recommendations for controlling ticks on cattle are in harmony with recommendations for reducing the rate of selection for acaricide resistance. There is a need to transfer knowledge about tick control and resistance mitigation strategies to cattle producers. JF - Parasitology AU - George, J E AU - Pound, J M AU - Davey, R B AD - Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, Texas 78028-9184, USA. John.George@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - S353 EP - S366 VL - 129 Suppl SN - 0031-1820, 0031-1820 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Arachnid Vectors -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Insecticides -- administration & dosage KW - Insecticide Resistance KW - Ticks -- drug effects KW - Tick-Borne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Tick Infestations -- veterinary KW - Tick Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Tick Control -- methods KW - Tick-Borne Diseases -- veterinary KW - Cattle Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67282008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parasitology&rft.atitle=Chemical+control+of+ticks+on+cattle+and+the+resistance+of+these+parasites+to+acaricides.&rft.au=George%2C+J+E%3BPound%2C+J+M%3BDavey%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=129+Suppl&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Parasitology&rft.issn=00311820&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2005-06-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demonstration of the protective effects of fluorescent proteins in baculoviruses exposed to ultraviolet light inactivation. AN - 67279287; 15861246 AB - Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) recombinants, namely AcRFP produced by fusion of the red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene with the polyhedrin gene, and a recombinant (pAcUW21-23GFP) carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in its viral envelope, were evaluated for their resistance to inactivation by ultraviolet light. AcRFP recombinants produced incomplete polyhedra with low infectivity for Trichoplusia ni larvae, whereas AcuW21-23GFP produced normal polyhedra with high infectivity. Electron microscopy of AcRFP CL14 showed the incorporation of very few viral particles into polyhedrin matrix protein material. The LC50 for AcuW21-23GFP was 0.10 occlusion bodies/mm2, whereas the LC50 values for several AcRFP recombinants ranged from 20 to 329 occlusion bodies/mm2. When both the RFP and GFP recombinants were exposed to ultraviolet light (UV-B 280-320 nm), the results support the conclusion that these fluorescent proteins afford some protection against its damaging effects. JF - Journal of insect science (Online) AU - McIntosh, A H AU - Grasela, J J AU - Lua, L AU - Braunagel, S C AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri 65203, USA. mcintosha@missouri.edu Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 31 VL - 4 KW - Luminescent Proteins KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Viral Proteins KW - red fluorescent protein KW - Green Fluorescent Proteins KW - 147336-22-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Insects -- cytology KW - Animals KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral KW - Larva -- virology KW - Insects -- virology KW - Cell Line KW - Viral Proteins -- radiation effects KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- radiation effects KW - Viral Proteins -- metabolism KW - Nucleopolyhedrovirus -- metabolism KW - Luminescent Proteins -- metabolism KW - Green Fluorescent Proteins -- metabolism KW - Luminescent Proteins -- radiation effects KW - Green Fluorescent Proteins -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67279287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+insect+science+%28Online%29&rft.atitle=Demonstration+of+the+protective+effects+of+fluorescent+proteins+in+baculoviruses+exposed+to+ultraviolet+light+inactivation.&rft.au=McIntosh%2C+A+H%3BGrasela%2C+J+J%3BLua%2C+L%3BBraunagel%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=McIntosh&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+insect+science+%28Online%29&rft.issn=1536-2442&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Econ Entomol. 1999 Oct;92(5):1093-8 [10582047] J Econ Entomol. 2000 Jun;93(3):572-6 [10902301] J Econ Entomol. 2002 Apr;95(2):261-8 [12019999] In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2002 Mar;38(3):173-7 [12026166] Biotechniques. 2003 Jan;34(1):81-7 [12545544] J Invertebr Pathol. 2003 Jan;82(1):50-6 [12581719] In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 1998 Jan;34(1):79-83 [9542640] J Invertebr Pathol. 1965 Sep;7(3):329-40 [5829858] Can J Microbiol. 1968 Oct;14(10):1161-3 [5681529] J Invertebr Pathol. 1971 Sep;18(2):292-4 [5092850] In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. 1992 Jul-Aug;28A(7-8):557-9 [1522049] Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 May 1;25(9):1864-5 [9108173] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Apr 15;94(8):4050-5 [9108103] J Invertebr Pathol. 2003 Jul;83(3):215-22 [12877828] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of heavy particle irradiation on exploration and response to environmental change. AN - 67273920; 15803625 AB - Free radicals produced by exposure to heavy particles have been found to produce motor and cognitive behavioral toxicity effects in rats similar to those found during aging. The present research was designed to investigate the effects of exposure to 56Fe particles on the ability of male Sprague-Dawley rats to detect novel arrangements in a given environment. Using a test of spatial memory previously demonstrated to be sensitive to aging, open field activity and reaction to spatial and non-spatial changes were measured in a group that received a dose of 1.5 Gy (n=10) of 56Fe heavy particle radiation or in non-radiated controls (n=10). Animals irradiated with 1.5 Gy of 56Fe particles exhibited some age-like effects in rats tested, even though they were, for the most part, subtle. Animals took longer to enter, visited less and spent significantly less time in the middle and the center portions of the open field, independently of total frequency and duration of activity of both groups. Likewise, irradiated subjects spend significantly more time exploring novel objects placed in the open field than did controls. However, irradiated subjects did not vary from controls in their exploration patterns when objects in the open field were spatially rearranged. Thus, irradiation with a dose of 1.5 Gy of 56Fe high-energy particle radiation elicited age-like effects in general open field exploratory behavior, but did not elicit age-like effects during the spatial and non-spatial rearrangement tasks. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. JF - Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) AU - Casadesus, G AU - Shukitt-Hale, B AU - Cantuti-Castelvetri, I AU - Rabin, B M AU - Joseph, J A AD - USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1340 EP - 1346 VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 0273-1177, 0273-1177 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - NASA Program Biomedical Research and Countermeasures KW - Non-NASA Center KW - Rats KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Synchrotrons KW - Aging KW - Memory -- radiation effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Heavy Ions KW - Spatial Behavior -- radiation effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- radiation effects KW - Learning -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67273920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+space+research+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Committee+on+Space+Research+%28COSPAR%29&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+heavy+particle+irradiation+on+exploration+and+response+to+environmental+change.&rft.au=Casadesus%2C+G%3BShukitt-Hale%2C+B%3BCantuti-Castelvetri%2C+I%3BRabin%2C+B+M%3BJoseph%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Casadesus&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+space+research+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Committee+on+Space+Research+%28COSPAR%29&rft.issn=02731177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-13 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of proton exposure on neurochemistry and behavior. AN - 67270185; 15803624 AB - Future space missions will involve long-term travel beyond the magnetic field of the Earth, where astronauts will be exposed to radiation hazards such as those that arise from galactic cosmic rays. Galactic cosmic rays are composed of protons, alpha particles, and particles of high energy and charge (HZE particles). Research by our group has shown that exposure to HZE particles, primarily 600 MeV/n and 1 GeV/n 56Fe, can produce significant alterations in brain neurochemistry and behavior. However, given that protons can make up a significant portion of the radiation spectrum, it is important to study their effects on neural functioning and on related performance. Therefore, these studies examined the effects of exposure to proton irradiation on neurochemical and behavioral endpoints, including dopaminergic functioning, amphetamine-induced conditioned taste aversion learning, and spatial learning and memory as measured by the Morris water maze. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a dose of 0, 1.5, 3.0 or 4.0 Gy of 250 MeV protons at Loma Linda University and were tested in the different behavioral tests at various times following exposure. Results showed that there was no effect of proton irradiation at any dose on any of the endpoints measured. Therefore, there is a contrast between the insignificant effects of high dose proton exposure and the dramatic effectiveness of low dose (<0.1 Gy) exposures to 56Fe particles on both neurochemical and behavioral endpoints. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. JF - Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) AU - Shukitt-Hale, B AU - Szprengiel, A AU - Pluhar, J AU - Rabin, B M AU - Joseph, J A AD - USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center of Aging at Tufts Universty, Boston, MA 02111, USA. barbara.hale@tufts.edu Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1334 EP - 1339 VL - 33 IS - 8 SN - 0273-1177, 0273-1177 KW - Iron Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Protons KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Space life sciences KW - NASA Discipline Radiation Health KW - NASA Program Biomedical Research and Countermeasures KW - Non-NASA Center KW - Animals KW - Maze Learning -- radiation effects KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Nervous System Physiological Phenomena -- radiation effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Neurochemistry KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Avoidance Learning -- radiation effects KW - Particle Accelerators KW - Dopamine -- radiation effects KW - Taste -- radiation effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Conditioning (Psychology) -- radiation effects KW - Spatial Behavior -- radiation effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- radiation effects KW - Learning -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67270185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+space+research+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Committee+on+Space+Research+%28COSPAR%29&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+proton+exposure+on+neurochemistry+and+behavior.&rft.au=Shukitt-Hale%2C+B%3BSzprengiel%2C+A%3BPluhar%2C+J%3BRabin%2C+B+M%3BJoseph%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Shukitt-Hale&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1334&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+space+research+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Committee+on+Space+Research+%28COSPAR%29&rft.issn=02731177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-13 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the efficacy of dredged materials from Lake Panasoffkee, Florida: implication to environment and agriculture. Part 2: pasture establishment and forage productivity. AN - 67182230; 15603529 AB - Current dredged material disposal alternatives have several limitations. Options for dealing with dredged materials include leaving them alone, capping them with clean sediments, placing them in confined facilities, disposing of them at upland sites, treating them chemically, or using them for wetlands creation or other beneficial uses The ability to reuse lake-dredge materials (LDM) for agricultural purposes is important because it reduces the need for offshore disposal and provides an alternative to disposal of the materials in landfills. Often these materials can be obtained at little or no cost to the farmers or landowners. Thus, forage production offers an alternative to waste management since nutrients in the LDM are recycled into crops that are not directly consumed by humans. The objective of this study (Part 2) were to: (1) assess dredge materials from Lake Panasoffkee, Florida as a soil amendment to establish bahiagrass (BG) in a subtropical beef cattle pasture in Sumter County, Florida; and (2) determine the effect of LDM application on the crude protein (CP) and nutrient uptake of BG. This series of two papers aims at providing assessment of the efficacy of lake-dredged materials especially its implication to environment (soil quality, Part 1) and agriculture (forage quality and pasture establishment, Part 2). The experimental treatments that were evaluated consisted of different ratios of natural soil (NS) to LDM: LDM0 (100% NS:0% LDM); LDM25 (75% NS:25% LDM); LDM50 (50% NS:50% LDM); LDM75 (25% NS:75% LDM); and LDM100 (0% NS:100% LDM). Bahiagrass plots at its early establishment were cut to a 5-cm stubble height on Julian days 112 and harvested to the same stubble height on Julian days 238 and on Julian days 546 following the double-ring method. Field layout was based on the principle of a completely randomized block design with four replications. Plant samples harvested at 546 Julian days were ground to pass through a 1-mm mesh screen in a Wiley mill. Ground forage was analyzed for crude protein. Ground forage samples were also analyzed for tissue P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe, Al, and Mo concentrations using an ICP spectroscopy. The effects of dredged materials addition on forage yield and on crude protein and nutrient uptake that were taken at 546 Julian days were analyzed statistically following the PROC ANOVA procedures. Part 1 of this study demonstrated that the heavy and trace metal contents of LDM were below the probable effect levels and threshold effect levels. As such, the agricultural or livestock industry could utilize these LDM to produce forages. Resuits showed consistently and significantly (p < 0.001) higher BG biomass production and CP from plots amended with LDM than those of BG planted on plots with 0% LDM. Forage yield of BG during its establishment increased linearly (Forage Yield = 1724.3 + 25.64*LDM; R2 = 0.83; p < or = 0.0001) with increasing rates of LDM application. The CP of BG also varied significantly with varying levels of LDM applications. The tissues of BG with 100% LDM had the greatest CP content while the lowest CP content was from the control plots (LDM0). The CP of BG increased linearly with increasing rates of LDM application. The crude protein response to BG application can be described by a linear equation: Crude Protein = 10.38 + 0.052*LDM; R2 = 0.85 p < or = 0.0001. Addition of LDM had increased the levels of Ca by about 1811% when compared with the level of soil Ca among plots with no LDM application. Liming the field could have some direct and indirect effects on the chemical status of the soils. The physiological functions performed by Ca in plants are not clearly defined, but it has been suggested that Ca favors the formation of and increases the protein content of mitochondria. Beneficial uses of dredged materials from LP, Florida are both economical and environmental. Often these materials can be obtained at little or no cost to the farmers or landowners. Results showed that dredged materials can be used as soil amendments (lime and fertilizer) for early establishment of BG in beef cattle pastures. Environmentally, dredging of sediments that are rich in CaCO3 should restore the 19.4-sq km LP by removing natural sediments from the lake bottom to improve the fishery, water quality, and navigation of the lake. The nutritional uptake of BG grown in unfertile sandy soils of Sumter County was enhanced significantly (p < or = 0.001) by LDM addition. Uptake of TKN, TP, K, Ca, and Mg were remarkably increased as a result of LDM. Land application of LDM from LP may not only provide substantial benefits that will enhance the environment, community, and society in south Florida, but also in other parts of the world especially those areas with forage-based beef cattle pastures and similar climatic conditions. The heavy and trace metal contents of these materials were below the PEL and TEL (see Part 1). As such, the agricultural or livestock industry could utilize these LDM to produce forages. LDM should be regarded as a beneficial resource, as a part of the ecological system. Although our results have demonstrated the favorable and beneficial effects of added LDM on the early establishment of BG in pasture fields., further studies are still needed not only in pastures of south Florida, but also in other areas with subtropical or tropical climatic conditions to determine whether the environmental and ecological implications of LDM application are satisfied over the longer term. JF - Environmental science and pollution research international AU - Sigua, Gilbert C AU - Holtkamp, Mike L AU - Coleman, Samuel W AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, Brooksville, FL 34601, USA. gcsigua@mail.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 394 EP - 399 VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 0944-1344, 0944-1344 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Metals, Heavy KW - Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Environment Design KW - Animals KW - Engineering KW - Animal Feed KW - Poaceae -- growth & development KW - Water Supply KW - Proteins -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Florida KW - Metals, Heavy -- analysis KW - Conservation of Natural Resources KW - Agriculture KW - Geologic Sediments -- chemistry KW - Refuse Disposal -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67182230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+and+pollution+research+international&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+efficacy+of+dredged+materials+from+Lake+Panasoffkee%2C+Florida%3A+implication+to+environment+and+agriculture.+Part+2%3A+pasture+establishment+and+forage+productivity.&rft.au=Sigua%2C+Gilbert+C%3BHoltkamp%2C+Mike+L%3BColeman%2C+Samuel+W&rft.aulast=Sigua&rft.aufirst=Gilbert&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+and+pollution+research+international&rft.issn=09441344&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of the relative uptake of ground vs. surface water by Populus deltoides during phytoremediation. AN - 67079792; 15554476 AB - The use of plants to remediate polluted groundwater is becoming an attractive alternative to more expensive traditional techniques. In order to adequately assess the effectiveness of the phytoremediation treatment, a clear understanding of water-use habits by the selected plant species is essential. We examined the relative uptake of surface water (i.e., precipitation) vs. groundwater by mature Populus deltoides by applying irrigation water at a rate equivalent to a 5-cm rain event. We used stable isotopes of hydrogen (D) and oxygen (18O) to identify groundwater and surface water (irrigation water) in the xylem sap water. Pretreatment isotopic ratios of both deuterium and 18O, ranked from heaviest to lightest, were irrigation water > groundwater > xylem sap. The discrepancy in preirrigation isotopic signatures between groundwater and xylem sap suggests that in the absence of a surface source of water (i.e., between rain events) there is an unknown amount of water being extracted from sources other than groundwater (i.e., soil surface water). We examined changes in volumetric soil water content (%), total hourly sapflux rates, and trichloroethene (TCE) concentrations. Following the irrigation treatment, volumetric soil water increased by 86% and sapflux increased by as much as 61%. Isotopic signatures of the xylem sap became substantially heavier following irrigation, suggesting that the applied irrigation water was quickly taken up by the plants. TCE concentrations in the xylem sap were diluted by an average of 21% following irrigation; however, dilution was low relative to the increase in sapflux. Our results show that water use by Populus deltoides is variable. Hence, studies addressing phytoremediation effectiveness must account for the relative proportion of surface vs. groundwater uptake. JF - International journal of phytoremediation AU - Clinton, Barton D AU - Vose, James M AU - Vroblesky, Don A AU - Harvey, Gregory J AD - Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Otto, North Carolina 28763, USA. bclinton@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 239 EP - 252 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 1522-6514, 1522-6514 KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Plant Roots KW - Humans KW - Water Supply KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Water -- metabolism KW - Populus -- metabolism KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67079792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+phytoremediation&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+relative+uptake+of+ground+vs.+surface+water+by+Populus+deltoides+during+phytoremediation.&rft.au=Clinton%2C+Barton+D%3BVose%2C+James+M%3BVroblesky%2C+Don+A%3BHarvey%2C+Gregory+J&rft.aulast=Clinton&rft.aufirst=Barton&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+phytoremediation&rft.issn=15226514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Int J Phytoremediation. 2004;6(4):391 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect management in food processing facilities. AN - 66996063; 15498697 JF - Advances in food and nutrition research AU - Campbell, James F AU - Arthur, Frank H AU - Mullen, Michael A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 239 EP - 295 VL - 48 SN - 1043-4526, 1043-4526 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pheromones KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Beetles KW - Weevils KW - Pest Control, Biological KW - Moths KW - Tenebrio KW - Food Preservation KW - Food Packaging KW - Food Handling KW - Insect Control -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66996063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+food+and+nutrition+research&rft.atitle=Insect+management+in+food+processing+facilities.&rft.au=Campbell%2C+James+F%3BArthur%2C+Frank+H%3BMullen%2C+Michael+A&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+food+and+nutrition+research&rft.issn=10434526&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The physiological role of ferritin-like compounds in bacteria. AN - 66984349; 15490969 AB - Iron, as the ferrous or ferric ion, is essential for the life processes of all eukaryotes and most prokaryotes; however, the element is toxic when in excess of that needed for cellular homeostasis. Ferrous ions can react with metabolically generated hydrogen peroxide to yield toxic hydroxyl radicals that in turn degrade lipids, DNA, and other cellular biomolecules. Mechanisms have evolved in living systems for iron detoxification and for the removal of excess ferrous ions from the cytosol. These detoxification mechanisms involve the oxidation of excess ferrous ions to the ferric state and storage of the ferric ions in ferritin-like proteins. There are at least three types of ferritin-like proteins in bacteria: bacterial ferritin, bacterioferritin, and dodecameric ferritin. These bacterial proteins are related to the ferritins found in eukaryotes. The structure and physical characteristics of the ferritin-like compounds have been elucidated in several bacteria. Unfortunately, the physiological roles of the bacterial ferritin-like compounds have been less thoroughly studied. A few studies conducted with mutants indicated that ferritin-like compounds can protect bacterial cells from iron overload, serve as an iron source when iron is limited, protect the bacterial cells against oxidative stress and/or protect DNA against enzymatic or oxidative attack. There is very little information available concerning the roles that ferritin-like compounds might play in the survival of bacteria in food, water, soil, or eukaryotic host environments. JF - Critical reviews in microbiology AU - Smith, James L AD - Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA. jsmith@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 173 EP - 185 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 1040-841X, 1040-841X KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome b Group KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Ferrous Compounds KW - Ferritins KW - 9007-73-2 KW - bacterioferritin KW - 9035-38-5 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ferrous Compounds -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Ferric Compounds -- metabolism KW - Adaptation, Physiological KW - Protein Binding KW - Iron -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome b Group -- metabolism KW - Ferritins -- physiology KW - Cytochrome b Group -- physiology KW - Ferritins -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Physiological Phenomena KW - Bacterial Proteins -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66984349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+microbiology&rft.atitle=The+physiological+role+of+ferritin-like+compounds+in+bacteria.&rft.au=Smith%2C+James+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+microbiology&rft.issn=1040841X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitory activity of 2-nitropropanol against select food-borne pathogens in vitro. AN - 66969502; 15482440 AB - To test the inhibitory activity of 2-nitro-1-propanol (2NPOH) against Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Enterococcus faecalis. Specific growth rates (h(-1)) of S. Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7 and Ent. faecalis were determined during culture in tryptic soya broth (TSB) supplemented with 0-10 mm 2NPOH. Growth rates were inhibited by 2NPOH, with nearly complete inhibition observed with 10 mm. Studies with S. Typhimurium revealed that its survivability during culture in TSB containing 5 or 10 mm 2NPOH was lower (P < 0.05) under aerobic than anaerobic conditions. The survivability of Salmonella during anaerobic culture in TSB containing 2.5 mm 2NPOH was less at pH 5.6 than at pH 7.0 and 8.0. No Salmonella survived anaerobic incubation in TSB supplemented with 10 mm 2NPOH regardless of pH. When incubated in suspensions of freshly collected populations of ruminal and faecal bacteria, Salmonella concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in suspensions containing 10 mm 2NPOH than in suspensions containing no 2NPOH. 2NPOH inhibited S. Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7 and Ent. faecalis. Results suggest that 2NPOH may be a useful antimicrobial supplement to reduce carriage of certain food-borne pathogens in food animals. JF - Letters in applied microbiology AU - Jung, Y S AU - Anderson, R C AU - Callaway, T R AU - Edrington, T S AU - Genovese, K J AU - Harvey, R B AU - Poole, T L AU - Nisbet, D J AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F and B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 471 EP - 476 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - 2-nitropropanol KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Culture Media KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propanols KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Aerobiosis KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Food Industry -- methods KW - Anaerobiosis KW - Culture Media -- chemistry KW - Propanols -- pharmacology KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Enterococcus faecalis -- drug effects KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- growth & development KW - Nitro Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Enterococcus faecalis -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66969502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Inhibitory+activity+of+2-nitropropanol+against+select+food-borne+pathogens+in+vitro.&rft.au=Jung%2C+Y+S%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BPoole%2C+T+L%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management to reduce nitrogen losses in animal production. AN - 66955232; 15471791 AB - Reduction of nitrogen loss in animal production requires whole-farm management. Reduced loss from one farm component is easily negated in another if all components are not equally well managed. Animal excretion of manure N can be decreased by improving the balance of protein or amino acids fed to that required by individual animals or animal groups or by improving production efficiency. Management to increase milk, meat, or egg production normally improves efficiency by reducing the maintenance protein required per unit of production. Large losses of manure nitrogen occur through the ammonia and nitrous oxide that are emitted into the atmosphere and the nitrate leached into groundwater. Up to half of the excreted nitrogen is lost from the housing facility, but this loss can be decreased through frequent manure removal and by avoiding deep litter systems and feedlots. Techniques such as acid treatment of manure, scrubbing of ventilation air, and floor designs for separating feces and urine substantially reduce ammonia emissions, but these practices are often impractical or uneconomical for general use. Manure storage units improve nutrient utilization by allowing better timing of nutrient application with crop needs. At least 70% of the nitrogen entering anaerobic lagoons is typically lost, but a less than 10% loss can be maintained using slurry storage with a natural crust or other cover, or by drying poultry manure to at least 50% dry matter. Irrigation and surface spreading of manure without soil incorporation often ensures the loss of all remaining nonorganic nitrogen (typically, 20 to 40% of remaining nitrogen). Rapid incorporation and shallow injection methods decrease this loss by at least 50%, and deep injection into the soil essentially eliminates this loss. For grazing animals, excessive loss can be avoided by not overstocking pastures and avoiding late fall and winter grazing. Reducing emissions between the animal and the soil can lead to greater leaching and denitrification losses from the soil if this additional nitrogen is not used properly. The use of a crop rotation that efficiently absorbs these nutrients and applying nitrogen near the time it is needed by crops reduce the potential for further loss. Maintaining the proper number of animals per unit of land available for manure application is always crucial for efficient recycling of nitrogen. Our understanding of nitrogen loss processes is improved through modeling, and computer models assist in the development of integrated systems for efficient and economical nitrogen use in animal production. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Rotz, C A AD - USDA, ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802-3702, USA. al.rotz@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - E119 EP - E137 VL - 82 E-Suppl KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Dietary Proteins KW - Manure KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Nitrogen KW - N762921K75 KW - Index Medicus KW - Amino Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Dietary Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Computer Simulation KW - Ammonia -- metabolism KW - Housing, Animal -- classification KW - Preservation, Biological KW - Housing, Animal -- standards KW - Models, Biological KW - Diet -- standards KW - Diet -- veterinary KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Animals, Domestic -- physiology KW - Animal Husbandry -- standards KW - Animal Husbandry -- methods KW - Nitrogen -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66955232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Management+to+reduce+nitrogen+losses+in+animal+production.&rft.au=Rotz%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Rotz&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=82+E-Suppl&rft.issue=&rft.spage=E119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=1525-3163&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-05-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What are we doing about Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle? AN - 66951979; 15471819 AB - Many human foodborne illnesses can be caused by consumption of foodstuffs (including meat products) contaminated with pathogenic bacteria from animal intestinal contents or hides. Steps that have been taken in the slaughter plant to decrease the spread of foodborne pathogenic bacteria (e.g., hazard analysis and critical control point methods) have been very effective; however, meat products are still the source of foodborne bacterial human illnesses. Increasing numbers of human Escherichia coli O157:H7 illnesses have also been related to contact with animals or to water supplies contaminated by run-off from cattle farms. Thus, strategies that specifically target foodborne pathogenic bacteria in the animal at the farm or feedlot level have great potential to improve food safety and decrease human illnesses. In this review, we describe a broad range of live-animal intervention strategies, both probiotic and antipathogen. Additionally, we examine some of the effects of diet and management strategies on foodborne pathogenic bacterial populations. The use of antibiotics in food animals to decrease foodborne pathogens also will be briefly examined. Overall, the concurrent use of several of these preslaughter intervention strategies could synergistically decrease human illnesses by providing for additional barriers in a multiple-hurdle approach to improving food safety. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Callaway, T R AU - Anderson, R C AU - Edrington, T S AU - Genovese, K J AU - Bischoff, K M AU - Poole, T L AU - Jung, Y S AU - Harvey, R B AU - Nisbet, D J AD - Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, ARS, USDA, College Station, TX 77845, USA. callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - E93 EP - E99 VL - 82 E-Suppl KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Ionophores KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Animals KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Probiotics -- therapeutic use KW - Abattoirs -- standards KW - Ionophores -- administration & dosage KW - Immunization -- veterinary KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Animal Feed KW - Water Supply -- standards KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Food Inspection -- methods KW - Bacteriophages -- physiology KW - Diet -- veterinary KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animal Husbandry -- standards KW - Animal Husbandry -- methods KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- growth & development KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- immunology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- prevention & control KW - Escherichia coli O157 -- pathogenicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66951979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=What+are+we+doing+about+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+cattle%3F&rft.au=Callaway%2C+T+R%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BEdrington%2C+T+S%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BBischoff%2C+K+M%3BPoole%2C+T+L%3BJung%2C+Y+S%3BHarvey%2C+R+B%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Callaway&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=82+E-Suppl&rft.issue=&rft.spage=E93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=1525-3163&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-05-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic neighborhoods for Arabidopsis retrotransposons: a role for targeted integration in the distribution of the Metaviridae. AN - 66932123; 15461796 AB - Retrotransposons are an abundant component of eukaryotic genomes. The high quality of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome sequence makes it possible to comprehensively characterize retroelement populations and explore factors that contribute to their genomic distribution. We identified the full complement of A. thaliana long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements using RetroMap, a software tool that iteratively searches genome sequences for reverse transcriptases and then defines retroelement insertions. Relative ages of full-length elements were estimated by assessing sequence divergence between LTRs: the Pseudoviridae were significantly younger than the Metaviridae. All retroelement insertions were mapped onto the genome sequence and their distribution was distinctly non-uniform. Although both Pseudoviridae and Metaviridae tend to cluster within pericentromeric heterochromatin, this association is significantly more pronounced for all three Metaviridae sublineages (Metavirus, Tat and Athila). Among these, Tat and Athila are strictly associated with pericentromeric heterochromatin. The non-uniform genomic distribution of the Pseudoviridae and the Metaviridae can be explained by a variety of factors including target-site bias, selection against integration into euchromatin and pericentromeric accumulation of elements as a result of suppression of recombination. However, comparisons based on the age of elements and their chromosomal location indicate that integration-site specificity is likely to be the primary factor determining distribution of the Athila and Tat sublineages of the Metaviridae. We predict that, like retroelements in yeast, the Athila and Tat elements target integration to pericentromeric regions by recognizing a specific feature of pericentromeric heterochromatin. JF - Genome biology AU - Peterson-Burch, Brooke D AU - Nettleton, Dan AU - Voytas, Daniel F AD - National Animal Disease Center, 2300 N Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010, USA. bburch@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1 VL - 5 IS - 10 KW - Retroelements KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Terminal Repeat Sequences -- genetics KW - Models, Genetic KW - Computational Biology KW - Gene Targeting KW - Time Factors KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional -- genetics KW - Chromosomes, Plant -- genetics KW - Retroelements -- genetics KW - Arabidopsis -- genetics KW - Plant Viruses -- genetics KW - Virus Integration -- genetics KW - Genomics KW - Arabidopsis -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66932123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome+biology&rft.atitle=Genomic+neighborhoods+for+Arabidopsis+retrotransposons%3A+a+role+for+targeted+integration+in+the+distribution+of+the+Metaviridae.&rft.au=Peterson-Burch%2C+Brooke+D%3BNettleton%2C+Dan%3BVoytas%2C+Daniel+F&rft.aulast=Peterson-Burch&rft.aufirst=Brooke&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=R78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Genome+biology&rft.issn=1474-760X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1999 Dec 24;286(5449):2468-74 [10617454] EMBO J. 1990 Oct;9(10):3353-62 [1698615] Cell. 2000 Feb 4;100(3):377-86 [10676819] Annu Rev Genet. 1999;33:479-532 [10690416] Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2185-95 [10731132] Plant J. 2000 Jul;23(2):291-304 [10929123] Mol Biol Evol. 2002 Nov;19(11):1832-45 [12411593] Genes Dev. 1992 Jan;6(1):117-28 [1309715] Nature. 1994 Sep 15;371(6494):215-20 [8078581] Genes Dev. 1996 Mar 1;10(5):620-33 [8598291] Genes Dev. 1996 Mar 1;10(5):634-45 [8598292] Science. 1996 Nov 1;274(5288):765-8 [8864112] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jul 8;94(14):7412-6 [9207105] Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Sep 1;25(17):3389-402 [9254694] Genome Res. 1998 May;8(5):464-78 [9582191] Cell. 1998 Jun 26;93(7):1087-9 [9657139] Nat Genet. 1998 Sep;20(1):43-5 [9731528] Trends Biochem Sci. 1998 Oct;23(10):403-5 [9810230] Genetics. 1998 Dec;150(4):1615-23 [9832537] Trends Genet. 1999 Apr;15(4):123-4 [10203812] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1999 May 15;174(2):247-50 [10339815] J R Stat Soc Ser A. 1946;109(Pt 2):85-110 [20256635] Genetica. 1999;107(1-3):27-37 [10952195] Genetics. 2000 Sep;156(1):313-25 [10978295] Trends Genet. 2000 Sep;16(9):418-20 [10973072] Mol Biol Evol. 2000 Oct;17(10):1483-98 [11018155] Genetics. 2000 Dec;156(4):1661-9 [11102365] Nature. 2000 Dec 14;408(6814):796-815 [11130711] Mol Biol Evol. 2001 May;18(5):882-92 [11319272] Nucleic Acids Res. 2001 Nov 15;29(22):4633-42 [11713313] Bioinformatics. 2001 Dec;17(12):1244-5 [11751241] Genome Res. 2002 Jan;12(1):122-31 [11779837] Genome Res. 2002 May;12(5):669-71 [11997333] Mol Biol Evol. 2002 Jun;19(6):898-907 [12032246] Genome Res. 2002 Jul;12(7):1075-9 [12097344] Plant Cell. 2002 Aug;14(8):1903-17 [12172030] Genome Res. 2002 Aug;12(8):1269-76 [12176934] Plant Cell. 2002 Nov;14(11):2825-36 [12417704] Bioinformatics. 2003 Feb 12;19(3):362-7 [12584121] Plant J. 2003 Apr;34(1):95-106 [12662312] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 May 13;100(10):5586-8 [12732725] Science. 2003 Jun 13;300(5626):1749-51 [12805549] Genome Res. 2003 Aug;13(8):1897-903 [12902382] Science. 2003 Aug 22;301(5636):1069-74 [12869699] Genome Res. 2003 Sep;13(9):1984-97 [12952871] Cell. 2003 Oct 17;115(2):135-8 [14567911] Mol Biol Evol. 2003 Nov;20(11):1925-31 [12885961] BMC Genomics. 2004 Mar 2;5(1):18 [15040813] Mol Biol Evol. 2004 Jul;21(7):1323-31 [15014149] Mol Biol Evol. 2004 Oct;21(10):1820-30 [15175414] Genome Biol. 2004;5(10):R79 [15461797] Genet Res. 1988 Dec;52(3):223-35 [2854088] Cell. 2000 Feb 4;100(3):367-76 [10676818] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How do crop plants tolerate acid soils? Mechanisms of aluminum tolerance and phosphorous efficiency. AN - 66891940; 15377228 AB - Acid soils significantly limit crop production worldwide because approximately 50% of the world's potentially arable soils are acidic. Because acid soils are such an important constraint to agriculture, understanding the mechanisms and genes conferring tolerance to acid soil stress has been a focus of intense research interest over the past decade. The primary limitations on acid soils are toxic levels of aluminum (Al) and manganese (Mn), as well as suboptimal levels of phosphorous (P). This review examines our current understanding of the physiological, genetic, and molecular basis for crop Al tolerance, as well as reviews the emerging area of P efficiency, which involves the genetically based ability of some crop genotypes to tolerate P deficiency stress on acid soils. These are interesting times for this field because researchers are on the verge of identifying some of the genes that confer Al tolerance in crop plants; these discoveries will open up new avenues of molecular/physiological inquiry that should greatly advance our understanding of these tolerance mechanisms. Additionally, these breakthroughs will provide new molecular resources for improving crop Al tolerance via both molecular-assisted breeding and biotechnology. JF - Annual review of plant biology AU - Kochian, Leon V AU - Hoekenga, Owen A AU - Pineros, Miguel A AD - U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. 1LVK1@cornell.edu Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 459 EP - 493 VL - 55 SN - 1543-5008, 1543-5008 KW - Soil KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Aluminum KW - CPD4NFA903 KW - Index Medicus KW - Manganese -- pharmacology KW - Phosphorus -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress KW - Aluminum -- toxicity KW - Homeostasis KW - Crops, Agricultural -- drug effects KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Soil -- analysis KW - Crops, Agricultural -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66891940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+review+of+plant+biology&rft.atitle=How+do+crop+plants+tolerate+acid+soils%3F+Mechanisms+of+aluminum+tolerance+and+phosphorous+efficiency.&rft.au=Kochian%2C+Leon+V%3BHoekenga%2C+Owen+A%3BPineros%2C+Miguel+A&rft.aulast=Kochian&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+review+of+plant+biology&rft.issn=15435008&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implementing food safety policies at the U.S. Department of Agriculture: overcoming challenges and showing results. AN - 66794890; 15329951 JF - Food and drug law journal AU - Pierson, Merle D AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, D.C., USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 223 EP - 228 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 1064-590X, 1064-590X KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Inspection -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Food Inspection -- standards KW - Food Contamination -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Foodborne Diseases KW - United States Department of Agriculture KW - Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform -- prevention & control KW - Safety KW - Food Supply -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Supply -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66794890?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.atitle=Implementing+food+safety+policies+at+the+U.S.+Department+of+Agriculture%3A+overcoming+challenges+and+showing+results.&rft.au=Pierson%2C+Merle+D&rft.aulast=Pierson&rft.aufirst=Merle&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+drug+law+journal&rft.issn=1064590X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lula's Bossa Nova for Brazil and the World TT - Lulas bossa nova for Brasil og verden AN - 60682136; 200413009 AB - The article explores the development in Brazil after Luis Inazio da Silva, Lula, gained power a year ago. This vast & resourceful country, with its 182 million inhabitants, has experienced an immense growth over the last century. The welfare gap is however equally large. The richest percent of the population has an income equal to that of the poorest half. Brazil now puts her faith in President Lula, who vows to redistribute the country's wealth through a national compromise & a new corporate community contract: He wants support from all sectors & classes. Lula's "new rhythm" the bossa nova -- represents a Latin American third way, reflecting considerable knowledge of the post-war "Nordic model.". 19 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Internasjonal politikk AU - Bye, Vegard AD - FNs menneskerettskontor, Angola Y1 - 2004///0, PY - 2004 DA - 0, 2004 SP - 107 EP - 127 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0020-577X, 0020-577X KW - Lula KW - Silva, Luis Inazio da KW - Political Systems KW - Brazil KW - Income Inequality KW - Income Distribution KW - Economic Systems KW - article KW - 9141: political economy; political economy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60682136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Internasjonal+politikk&rft.atitle=Lula%27s+Bossa+Nova+for+Brazil+and+the+World&rft.au=Bye%2C+Vegard&rft.aulast=Bye&rft.aufirst=Vegard&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Internasjonal+politikk&rft.issn=0020577X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Norwegian DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Brazil; Income Distribution; Economic Systems; Political Systems; Income Inequality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cohabitation as One Form of Partners Living Together in Slovakia TT - Kohabitacie ako jedna z foriem partnerskeho spoluzitia obyvatel'stva Slovenska AN - 60537834; 200506606 AB - Changes in demographic behavior -- "the second demographic revolution" -- occurred in the second half of the 20th century. These changes are most significantly manifested in family behavior, in the processes connected with the establishment & dissolution of families & with their reproductive function. Family types have diversified. In spite of the strong influence of tradition, there are three changes in family behavior that have arisen in Slovakia. The nuclear family still prevails but at the same time the number of cohabitations as well as the amount of children born out of wedlock has increased. A significant number of people prefer single child families. The term cohabitation refers to two adults of the opposite sex that live together in a common household for a longer time (as husband & wife) without being married. His/her/their children may also be living together with them. The number of cohabitations in Slovakia had extended. There is a significant correlation between cohabitation & some sociocultural characteristics. According to the analysis of nationality-structure, there are relatively smaller proportions of cohabitants from Slovak, Rusin, & Ukrainian nationalities. Higher ratios are from Hungarian, Roma, & Czech nationalities. Comparison of religion-structure reveals that the members of the Roman-Catholic, Greek-Catholic, & Lutheran church have a reserved or disapproving attitude. On the other hand, people without religious beliefs, people whose religious attitudes were not discovered, & members of Orthodox & Reformed church demonstrated a relatively higher representation of cohabitants. The highest rate of cohabitation exists among people with basic & vocational education. There are less cohabitants with secondary & university education. The highest proportions of cohabiting couples are in two regions -- Banska Bystrica & Kosice. The lowest rates are in the Zilina & Presov regions. The regions of Nitra & Trnava are in the middle. And, in the Bratislava region & the Trencin region the level of cohabitation keeps shifting. Similar differences also occur on the county level. Regional or spatial differences depend on nationality & religious structure. 5 Tables, 15 Figures, 27 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Sociologia - Slovak Sociological Review AU - Mladek, Jozef AU - Sirockova, Jana AD - U Komenskeho, Slovenska mladek@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004///0, PY - 2004 DA - 0, 2004 SP - 423 EP - 454 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0049-1225, 0049-1225 KW - Slovak Republic KW - Cohabitation KW - Family Structure KW - Demographic Change KW - Sociodemographic Characteristics KW - article KW - 1941: the family and socialization; sociology of the family, marriage, & divorce UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60537834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociologia+-+Slovak+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=Cohabitation+as+One+Form+of+Partners+Living+Together+in+Slovakia&rft.au=Mladek%2C+Jozef%3BSirockova%2C+Jana&rft.aulast=Mladek&rft.aufirst=Jozef&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sociologia+-+Slovak+Sociological+Review&rft.issn=00491225&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Slovak DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SCIOES N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cohabitation; Demographic Change; Family Structure; Sociodemographic Characteristics; Slovak Republic ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronological discord between the last interglacial paleosol (S1) and its parent material in the Chinese Loess Plateau AN - 51729446; 2005-030441 AB - An and Porter (Geology 25 (1997) 603) reported six high dust-influx events of millennial timescales recovered from the last interglacial paleosol S1 and correlated them to six cool events of millennial timescale in the North Atlantic. However, the complexity of soil-forming processes may have made the chronological correlation with the North Atlantic records inadequate. To examine the complexity of the S1 formation, the S1 paleosol was traced laterally and identified based on the preserved characteristics observed in the field and analyzed in the laboratory. Our data show that from the northwest to the southeast, the S1 paleosol gradually converges from three distinctive soil profiles into a single welded profile because the net rate of loess accumulation was attenuated to the southeast and pedogenic development intensified southeastward during the last interglacial. Three soil-forming events within the S1 paleosol (S1S1, S1S2 and S1S3) separated by two loess units (S1L1 and S1L2) in the northwestern part of the Loess Plateau are stratigraphically coeval with a single soil profile in the southeastern margin of the Loess Plateau. In the southeast, the S1 paleosol developed into underlying older loess L2 (e.g., at the Lantian section). The three paleosols (S1S1, S1S2 and S1S3) are partially welded in the central part of the Chinese Loess Plateau (e.g., at the Tianshui section), where the lower portion of S1 paleosol developed in the underlying older loess unit L2. In the northwestern margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau (e.g., at the Lanzhou section), the preservation of the repeating soil-loess sequence (S1S1, S1L1, S1S2, S1L2 and S1S3) continuously documented the climatic events of the last interglacial. Our data also show that the magnetic signatures and particle-size information are more or less acceptable climatic proxies only for the northwestern sections, where the degree of pedogenesis was lower and the rate of eolian influx was greater during the last interglacial. It appears that in all cases investigated, the median grain size and the coarse fraction (>63 mu m) content define the upper and lower boundaries of the S1 paleosol reasonably well and can be used to estimate the time-transgressive nature of the S1 paleosol relative to its parent material. Soil welding, bioturbation and material translocation within the S1 soil profiles make it impossible to preserve the detailed and high-resolution information of climate changes in those S1 profiles in the southeastern part (including the popularly called central part) of the Chinese Loess Plateau. JF - Quaternary International AU - Feng, Z D AU - Wang, H B AU - Olson, C AU - Pope, G A AU - Chen, F H AU - Zhang, J W AU - An, C B A2 - Rutter, N. A2 - Jablonski, Nina G. A2 - Ferguson, David K. A2 - Yim, W. W. S. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 17 EP - 26 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 117 SN - 1040-6182, 1040-6182 KW - Tianshui China KW - Loess Plateau KW - Far East KW - glaciation KW - Lanzhou China KW - Gansu China KW - paleoclimatology KW - upper Pleistocene KW - Cenozoic KW - Shaanxi China KW - sediments KW - paleosols KW - Huanxian China KW - Asia KW - China KW - soil profiles KW - Quaternary KW - interglacial environment KW - clastic sediments KW - grain size KW - paleomagnetism KW - Lantian China KW - pedostratigraphy KW - Pleistocene KW - loess KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51729446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+International&rft.atitle=Chronological+discord+between+the+last+interglacial+paleosol+%28S1%29+and+its+parent+material+in+the+Chinese+Loess+Plateau&rft.au=Feng%2C+Z+D%3BWang%2C+H+B%3BOlson%2C+C%3BPope%2C+G+A%3BChen%2C+F+H%3BZhang%2C+J+W%3BAn%2C+C+B&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quaternary+International&rft.issn=10406182&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1040-6182%2803%2900112-5 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10406182 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - CEAPE; 5th international conference on the Cenozoic evolution of the Asia-Pacific environment N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 67 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. strat. cols. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Asia; Cenozoic; China; clastic sediments; Far East; Gansu China; glaciation; grain size; Huanxian China; interglacial environment; Lantian China; Lanzhou China; loess; Loess Plateau; paleoclimatology; paleomagnetism; paleosols; pedostratigraphy; Pleistocene; Quaternary; sediments; Shaanxi China; soil profiles; Tianshui China; upper Pleistocene DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00112-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid sulfate soils in dredged materials from tidal Pocomoke Sound in Somerset County, MD, USA AN - 51709837; 2005-041881 JF - Australian Journal of Soil Research AU - Demas, S Y AU - Hall, A M AU - Fanning, D S AU - Rabenhorst, M C AU - Dzantor, E K AU - Sullivan, Leigh A Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 537 EP - 545 PB - Australia, CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization), Melbourne, Victoria VL - 42 IS - 5-6 SN - 0004-9573, 0004-9573 KW - United States KW - water quality KW - Chesapeake Bay KW - sea water KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - environmental analysis KW - seepage KW - iron KW - environmental effects KW - acid sulfate soils KW - Pisces KW - environmental management KW - dredging KW - aluminum KW - Maryland KW - water pollution KW - pH KW - disposal barriers KW - soils KW - Somerset County Maryland KW - shore features KW - Chordata KW - Pocomoke Sound KW - sulfates KW - surface water KW - pollution KW - jarosite KW - tidal inlets KW - metals KW - runoff KW - coastal environment KW - waste disposal KW - Vertebrata KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51709837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Soil+Research&rft.atitle=Acid+sulfate+soils+in+dredged+materials+from+tidal+Pocomoke+Sound+in+Somerset+County%2C+MD%2C+USA&rft.au=Demas%2C+S+Y%3BHall%2C+A+M%3BFanning%2C+D+S%3BRabenhorst%2C+M+C%3BDzantor%2C+E+K%3BSullivan%2C+Leigh+A&rft.aulast=Demas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Australian+Journal+of+Soil+Research&rft.issn=00049573&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071%2FSR03089 L2 - http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/84.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Produced under license from the Commonwealth of Australia as represented by Geoscience Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - PubXState - Victoria N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ASORAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid sulfate soils; aluminum; Chesapeake Bay; Chordata; coastal environment; disposal barriers; dredging; environmental analysis; environmental effects; environmental management; iron; jarosite; Maryland; metals; pH; Pisces; Pocomoke Sound; pollution; runoff; sea water; seepage; shore features; soils; Somerset County Maryland; sulfates; surface water; tidal inlets; United States; Vertebrata; waste disposal; water pollution; water quality; X-ray diffraction data DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SR03089 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil aggregates and water retention AN - 51575052; 2006-052856 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Guber, A AU - Pachepsky, Ya AU - Shein, E AU - Rawls, W J A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 143 EP - 151 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - methods KW - aggregate KW - Podzoluvisols KW - moisture KW - Planosols KW - Fergana Uzbekistan KW - Europe KW - Russian Federation KW - Calcisols KW - Fluvisols KW - Commonwealth of Independent States KW - retention KW - hydrodynamics KW - regression trees KW - Krasnohvardiis'ka Ukraine KW - Chernozems KW - Asia KW - water KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Uzbekistan KW - statistical analysis KW - Gleysols KW - transfer functions KW - Voronezh Russian Federation KW - pedotransfer functions KW - Moscow Russian Federation KW - Tashkent Uzbekistan KW - regression analysis KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51575052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Soil+aggregates+and+water+retention&rft.au=Guber%2C+A%3BPachepsky%2C+Ya%3BShein%2C+E%3BRawls%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Guber&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930008-5 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aggregate; Asia; Calcisols; Chernozems; Commonwealth of Independent States; Europe; Fergana Uzbekistan; Fluvisols; Gleysols; hydrodynamics; hydrology; Krasnohvardiis'ka Ukraine; methods; moisture; Moscow Russian Federation; pedotransfer functions; Planosols; Podzoluvisols; regression analysis; regression trees; retention; Russian Federation; soils; statistical analysis; Tashkent Uzbekistan; transfer functions; Uzbekistan; Voronezh Russian Federation; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30008-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple parametric methods to estimate soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity AN - 51575037; 2006-052853 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Timlin, D J AU - Williams, R D AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Heathman, G C A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 71 EP - 93 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - United States KW - soils KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - bulk density KW - moisture KW - grain size KW - Mississippi KW - Gregson-Hector-McGovan model KW - data processing KW - case studies KW - transfer functions KW - size distribution KW - pedotransfer functions KW - digital simulation KW - retention KW - hydrodynamics KW - applications KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51575037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Simple+parametric+methods+to+estimate+soil+water+retention+and+hydraulic+conductivity&rft.au=Timlin%2C+D+J%3BWilliams%2C+R+D%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BHeathman%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Timlin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930005-X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; bulk density; case studies; data processing; digital simulation; grain size; Gregson-Hector-McGovan model; hydraulic conductivity; hydrodynamics; hydrology; methods; Mississippi; moisture; pedotransfer functions; retention; size distribution; soils; transfer functions; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30005-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary grouping of soils AN - 51574985; 2006-052858 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Bruand, A A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 159 EP - 174 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - bulk density KW - grain size KW - statistical analysis KW - morphology KW - transfer functions KW - size distribution KW - pedotransfer functions KW - parent materials KW - hydrodynamics KW - horizons KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51574985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Preliminary+grouping+of+soils&rft.au=Bruand%2C+A&rft.aulast=Bruand&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930010-3 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bulk density; grain size; horizons; hydrodynamics; hydrology; methods; morphology; parent materials; pedotransfer functions; size distribution; soils; statistical analysis; transfer functions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30010-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilizing mineralogical and chemical information in PTFs AN - 51574342; 2006-052857 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Bruand, A A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 153 EP - 158 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - silicates KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - clay KW - cation exchange capacity KW - clastic sediments KW - clay minerals KW - morphology KW - transfer functions KW - mineral composition KW - pedotransfer functions KW - sediments KW - chemical properties KW - hydrodynamics KW - sheet silicates KW - chemical composition KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51574342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Utilizing+mineralogical+and+chemical+information+in+PTFs&rft.au=Bruand%2C+A&rft.aulast=Bruand&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930009-7 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cation exchange capacity; chemical composition; chemical properties; clastic sediments; clay; clay minerals; hydrodynamics; hydrology; methods; mineral composition; morphology; pedotransfer functions; sediments; sheet silicates; silicates; soils; transfer functions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30009-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical regression AN - 51574312; 2006-052849 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Vereecken, H AU - Herbst, M A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - models KW - hydrology KW - transfer functions KW - pedotransfer functions KW - multivariate analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - hydrodynamics KW - regression analysis KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51574312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Statistical+regression&rft.au=Vereecken%2C+H%3BHerbst%2C+M&rft.aulast=Vereecken&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930001-2 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrodynamics; hydrology; models; multivariate analysis; pedotransfer functions; regression analysis; soils; statistical analysis; transfer functions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30001-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of pedotransfer functions in soil hydrology AN - 51574085; 2006-052848 JF - Developments in Soil Science A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 512 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - transfer functions KW - pedotransfer functions KW - unsaturated zone KW - hydrogeology KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51574085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=Development+of+pedotransfer+functions+in+soil+hydrology&rft.title=Development+of+pedotransfer+functions+in+soil+hydrology&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 420 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Individual chapters are cited separately; includes index N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrogeology; hydrology; pedotransfer functions; soils; transfer functions; unsaturated zone ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accuracy and uncertainty in PTF predictions AN - 51574071; 2006-052851 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Schaap, M G A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 33 EP - 43 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - transfer functions KW - pedotransfer functions KW - statistical analysis KW - optimization KW - hydrodynamics KW - accuracy KW - uncertainty KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51574071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Accuracy+and+uncertainty+in+PTF+predictions&rft.au=Schaap%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Schaap&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930003-6 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; hydrodynamics; hydrology; methods; optimization; pedotransfer functions; soils; statistical analysis; transfer functions; uncertainty DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30003-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data mining and exploration techniques AN - 51573995; 2006-052850 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Pachepsky, Ya AU - Schaap, M G A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 21 EP - 32 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - transfer functions KW - pedotransfer functions KW - hydrodynamics KW - regression trees KW - neural networks KW - algorithms KW - regression analysis KW - group method KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51573995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Data+mining+and+exploration+techniques&rft.au=Pachepsky%2C+Ya%3BSchaap%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Pachepsky&rft.aufirst=Ya&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930002-4 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; data processing; group method; hydrodynamics; hydrology; neural networks; pedotransfer functions; regression analysis; regression trees; soils; statistical analysis; transfer functions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30002-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using soil morphological attributes and soil structure in pedotransfer functions AN - 51573834; 2006-052855 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Lilly, A AU - Lin, H A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 115 EP - 141 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - morphology KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - transfer functions KW - quantitative analysis KW - pedotransfer functions KW - moisture KW - retention KW - hydrodynamics KW - standardization KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51573834?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Using+soil+morphological+attributes+and+soil+structure+in+pedotransfer+functions&rft.au=Lilly%2C+A%3BLin%2C+H&rft.aulast=Lilly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930007-3 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 88 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrodynamics; hydrology; methods; moisture; morphology; pedotransfer functions; quantitative analysis; retention; soils; standardization; transfer functions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30007-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of soil organic carbon on soil hydraulic properties AN - 51573390; 2006-052854 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Rawls, W J AU - Nemes, A AU - Pachepsky, Ya A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 95 EP - 114 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - bulk density KW - grain size KW - statistical analysis KW - porosity KW - saturated hydraulic conductivity KW - transfer functions KW - size distribution KW - pedotransfer functions KW - carbon KW - retention KW - hydrodynamics KW - regression trees KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - organic carbon KW - group method KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51573390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+soil+organic+carbon+on+soil+hydraulic+properties&rft.au=Rawls%2C+W+J%3BNemes%2C+A%3BPachepsky%2C+Ya&rft.aulast=Rawls&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930006-1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 57 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bulk density; carbon; grain size; group method; hydraulic conductivity; hydrodynamics; hydrology; methods; organic carbon; pedotransfer functions; porosity; regression trees; retention; saturated hydraulic conductivity; size distribution; soils; statistical analysis; transfer functions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30006-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil texture and particle-size distribution as input to estimate soil hydraulic properties AN - 51573371; 2006-052852 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Nemes, A AU - Rawls, W J A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 47 EP - 70 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - grain size KW - statistical analysis KW - interpolation KW - root-mean-squared analysis KW - transfer functions KW - size distribution KW - quantitative analysis KW - pedotransfer functions KW - hydrodynamics KW - group method KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51573371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Soil+texture+and+particle-size+distribution+as+input+to+estimate+soil+hydraulic+properties&rft.au=Nemes%2C+A%3BRawls%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Nemes&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930004-8 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 122 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - grain size; group method; hydrodynamics; hydrology; interpolation; methods; pedotransfer functions; quantitative analysis; root-mean-squared analysis; size distribution; soils; statistical analysis; transfer functions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30004-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil inference systems AN - 51571667; 2006-052866 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - McBratney, A AU - Minasny, B A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 323 EP - 348 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - clay KW - clastic sediments KW - data processing KW - computer programs KW - transfer functions KW - pedotransfer functions KW - inference systems KW - sediments KW - hydrodynamics KW - information systems KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51571667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Soil+inference+systems&rft.au=McBratney%2C+A%3BMinasny%2C+B&rft.aulast=McBratney&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930018-8 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clastic sediments; clay; computer programs; data processing; hydrodynamics; hydrology; inference systems; information systems; methods; pedotransfer functions; sediments; soils; transfer functions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30018-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of terrain analysis in using and developing pedotransfer functions AN - 51570808; 2006-052864 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Romano, N AU - Chirico, G B A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 273 EP - 294 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - scale factor KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - transfer functions KW - spatial variations KW - pedotransfer functions KW - hydrodynamics KW - landscapes KW - digital terrain models KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51570808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=The+role+of+terrain+analysis+in+using+and+developing+pedotransfer+functions&rft.au=Romano%2C+N%3BChirico%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930016-4 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 78 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - digital terrain models; hydrodynamics; hydrology; landscapes; methods; pedotransfer functions; scale factor; soils; spatial variations; transfer functions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30016-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solute adsorption and transport parameters AN - 51570787; 2006-052860 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Minasny, B AU - Perfect, E A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 195 EP - 224 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - solute transport KW - soils KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - diffusion KW - unsaturated zone KW - equations KW - adsorption KW - models KW - convection-dispersion equation KW - transfer functions KW - pedotransfer functions KW - hydrodynamics KW - mobilization KW - geochemistry KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51570787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Solute+adsorption+and+transport+parameters&rft.au=Minasny%2C+B%3BPerfect%2C+E&rft.aulast=Minasny&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930012-7 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 139 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; convection-dispersion equation; diffusion; equations; geochemistry; hydrodynamics; hydrology; methods; mobilization; models; pedotransfer functions; soils; solute transport; transfer functions; unsaturated zone DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30012-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pedotransfer functions for Europe AN - 51570762; 2006-052870 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Wosten, J H M AU - Nemes, A A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 431 EP - 435 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - transfer functions KW - Hydraulic properties of European soils KW - pedotransfer functions KW - HYPRES data base KW - retention KW - data processing KW - data bases KW - hydrodynamics KW - Europe KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51570762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Pedotransfer+functions+for+Europe&rft.au=Wosten%2C+J+H+M%3BNemes%2C+A&rft.aulast=Wosten&rft.aufirst=J+H&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930022-X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data bases; data processing; Europe; Hydraulic properties of European soils; hydrodynamics; hydrology; HYPRES data base; pedotransfer functions; retention; soils; transfer functions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30022-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Key soil water contents AN - 51570739; 2006-052862 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Shein, E AU - Guber, A AU - Dembovetsky (Dembovetskiy), A A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 241 EP - 249 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - water KW - soils KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - experimental studies KW - moisture KW - Russian Federation KW - transfer functions KW - Commonwealth of Independent States KW - pedotransfer functions KW - hydrodynamics KW - field capacity KW - van Genuchten parameters KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51570739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Key+soil+water+contents&rft.au=Shein%2C+E%3BGuber%2C+A%3BDembovetsky+%28Dembovetskiy%29%2C+A&rft.aulast=Shein&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930014-0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Commonwealth of Independent States; experimental studies; field capacity; hydrodynamics; hydrology; methods; moisture; pedotransfer functions; Russian Federation; soils; transfer functions; van Genuchten parameters; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30014-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pedotransfer functions for the United States AN - 51570709; 2006-052871 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Rawls, W J A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 437 EP - 447 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - grain size KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - saturated hydraulic conductivity KW - transfer functions KW - size distribution KW - pedotransfer functions KW - retention KW - data bases KW - hydrodynamics KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - regression analysis KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51570709?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Pedotransfer+functions+for+the+United+States&rft.au=Rawls%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Rawls&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930023-1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - data bases; data processing; grain size; hydraulic conductivity; hydrodynamics; hydrology; pedotransfer functions; regression analysis; retention; saturated hydraulic conductivity; size distribution; soils; statistical analysis; transfer functions; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30023-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pedotransfer functions for tropical soils AN - 51570692; 2006-052869 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Tomasella, J AU - Hodnett, M A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 415 EP - 429 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - water KW - soils KW - Oxisols KW - hydrology KW - Nigeria KW - tropical soils KW - moisture KW - East Africa KW - global KW - statistical analysis KW - Uganda KW - West Africa KW - transfer functions KW - South America KW - errors KW - pedotransfer functions KW - Brazil KW - hydrodynamics KW - Africa KW - Sierra Leone KW - root-mean squared error KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51570692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Pedotransfer+functions+for+tropical+soils&rft.au=Tomasella%2C+J%3BHodnett%2C+M&rft.aulast=Tomasella&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=415&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930021-8 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; Brazil; East Africa; errors; global; hydrodynamics; hydrology; moisture; Nigeria; Oxisols; pedotransfer functions; root-mean squared error; Sierra Leone; soils; South America; statistical analysis; transfer functions; tropical soils; Uganda; water; West Africa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30021-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods to evaluate pedotransfer functions AN - 51570681; 2006-052868 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Donatelli, M AU - Wosten, J H M AU - Belocchi, G AU - Acutis, M AU - Nemes, A AU - Fila, G A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 357 EP - 411 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - expert systems KW - statistical analysis KW - simulation KW - measurement KW - models KW - fuzzy logic KW - transfer functions KW - pedotransfer functions KW - retention KW - hydrodynamics KW - uncertainty KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51570681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Methods+to+evaluate+pedotransfer+functions&rft.au=Donatelli%2C+M%3BWosten%2C+J+H+M%3BBelocchi%2C+G%3BAcutis%2C+M%3BNemes%2C+A%3BFila%2C+G&rft.aulast=Donatelli&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930020-6 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 109 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 10 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - expert systems; fuzzy logic; hydrodynamics; hydrology; measurement; methods; models; pedotransfer functions; retention; simulation; soils; statistical analysis; transfer functions; uncertainty DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30020-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pedotransfer functions for soil erosion models AN - 51570669; 2006-052859 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Flanagan, D A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 177 EP - 193 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - erosion KW - Universal Soil Loss Equation KW - grain size KW - models KW - Water Erosion Prediction Project KW - transfer functions KW - size distribution KW - pedotransfer functions KW - conservation KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - hydrodynamics KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - soil erosion KW - erodibility KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51570669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Pedotransfer+functions+for+soil+erosion+models&rft.au=Flanagan%2C+D&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481-%2804%2930011-5 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - conservation; erodibility; erosion; grain size; hydraulic conductivity; hydrodynamics; hydrology; infiltration; methods; models; pedotransfer functions; runoff; size distribution; soil erosion; soils; transfer functions; Universal Soil Loss Equation; Water Erosion Prediction Project DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481-(04)30011-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial structure of PTF estimates AN - 51570653; 2006-052865 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Romano, N A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 295 EP - 319 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - scale factor KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - Guardia Perticara Italy KW - unsaturated zone KW - Europe KW - Italy KW - Southern Europe KW - case studies KW - transfer functions KW - spatial variations KW - pedotransfer functions KW - retention KW - hydrodynamics KW - Basilicata Italy KW - Sauro River basin KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51570653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Spatial+structure+of+PTF+estimates&rft.au=Romano%2C+N&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930017-6 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Basilicata Italy; case studies; Europe; Guardia Perticara Italy; hydrodynamics; hydrology; Italy; methods; pedotransfer functions; retention; Sauro River basin; scale factor; soils; Southern Europe; spatial variations; transfer functions; unsaturated zone DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30017-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pedotransfer studies in Poland AN - 51570349; 2006-052872 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Walczak, R AU - Witkowska-Walczak, B AU - Slawinski, C A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 449 EP - 463 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - water KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - organic soils KW - moisture KW - mineral soils KW - grain size KW - Europe KW - transfer functions KW - size distribution KW - pedotransfer functions KW - Poland KW - Central Europe KW - retention KW - hydrodynamics KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51570349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Pedotransfer+studies+in+Poland&rft.au=Walczak%2C+R%3BWitkowska-Walczak%2C+B%3BSlawinski%2C+C&rft.aulast=Walczak&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930024-3 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 22 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Central Europe; Europe; grain size; hydraulic conductivity; hydrodynamics; hydrology; mineral soils; moisture; organic soils; pedotransfer functions; Poland; retention; size distribution; soils; transfer functions; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30024-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating soil shrinkage parameters AN - 51570098; 2006-052861 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Braudeau, Erik AU - Mohtar, R H AU - Chahinian, N A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 225 EP - 240 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - water KW - soils KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - North Africa KW - moisture KW - lower Majerda River valley KW - irrigation KW - morphology KW - models KW - case studies KW - transfer functions KW - Cebala Tunisia KW - quantitative analysis KW - pedotransfer functions KW - volume KW - expansive materials KW - hydrodynamics KW - Africa KW - Tunisia KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51570098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Estimating+soil+shrinkage+parameters&rft.au=Braudeau%2C+Erik%3BMohtar%2C+R+H%3BChahinian%2C+N&rft.aulast=Braudeau&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930013-9 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; case studies; Cebala Tunisia; expansive materials; hydrodynamics; hydrology; irrigation; lower Majerda River valley; methods; models; moisture; morphology; North Africa; pedotransfer functions; quantitative analysis; soils; transfer functions; Tunisia; volume; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30013-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Graphic user interfaces for pedotransfer functions AN - 51570064; 2006-052867 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Schaap, M G A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 349 EP - 356 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - soils KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - NeuroMan KW - SOILPAR KW - grain size KW - graphic display KW - data processing KW - SWCT KW - ROSETTA computer program KW - models KW - computer programs KW - Neuropack KW - transfer functions KW - Soil Water Characteristics from Texture KW - size distribution KW - NeuroPath KW - pedotransfer functions KW - SPAW KW - hydrodynamics KW - Soil Plant Atmosphere Water Field and Pond Hydrology KW - neural networks KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51570064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Graphic+user+interfaces+for+pedotransfer+functions&rft.au=Schaap%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Schaap&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930019-X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer programs; data processing; grain size; graphic display; hydrodynamics; hydrology; methods; models; neural networks; NeuroMan; Neuropack; NeuroPath; pedotransfer functions; ROSETTA computer program; size distribution; Soil Plant Atmosphere Water Field and Pond Hydrology; Soil Water Characteristics from Texture; SOILPAR; soils; SPAW; SWCT; transfer functions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30019-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data availability and scale in hydrologic applications AN - 51570038; 2006-052863 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Smettem, K AU - Pracilio, G AU - Oliver, Y AU - Harper, R A2 - Pachepsky, Ya. A2 - Rawls, W. J. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 253 EP - 271 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - scale factor KW - methods KW - radioactivity KW - one-dimensional models KW - Western Australia KW - unsaturated zone KW - mapping KW - spatial variations KW - size distribution KW - movement KW - retention KW - drainage basins KW - hydrodynamics KW - Australia KW - applications KW - climate KW - water KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - Australasia KW - grain size KW - equations KW - transfer functions KW - pedotransfer functions KW - runoff KW - airborne methods KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51570038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Data+availability+and+scale+in+hydrologic+applications&rft.au=Smettem%2C+K%3BPracilio%2C+G%3BOliver%2C+Y%3BHarper%2C+R&rft.aulast=Smettem&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930015-2 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 68 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - airborne methods; applications; Australasia; Australia; climate; drainage basins; equations; grain size; hydrodynamics; hydrology; mapping; methods; movement; one-dimensional models; pedotransfer functions; radioactivity; retention; runoff; scale factor; size distribution; soils; spatial variations; transfer functions; unsaturated zone; water; Western Australia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30015-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pedotransfer functions of the Rye Island, southwest Slovakia AN - 51569730; 2006-052873 JF - Developments in Soil Science AU - Stekaurova, V AU - Sutor, J Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 465 EP - 473 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 30 SN - 0166-0918, 0166-0918 KW - water KW - soils KW - Rye Island KW - methods KW - hydrology KW - southwestern Slovakia KW - experimental studies KW - Slovakia KW - statistical analysis KW - Europe KW - laboratory studies KW - transfer functions KW - Danube Valley KW - pedotransfer functions KW - Central Europe KW - retention KW - hydrodynamics KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51569730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Pedotransfer+functions+of+the+Rye+Island%2C+southwest+Slovakia&rft.au=Stekaurova%2C+V%3BSutor%2C+J&rft.aulast=Stekaurova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=0444517057&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+Soil+Science&rft.issn=01660918&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-2481%2804%2930025-5 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-20 N1 - CODEN - DSSCDM N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Central Europe; Danube Valley; Europe; experimental studies; hydrodynamics; hydrology; laboratory studies; methods; pedotransfer functions; retention; Rye Island; Slovakia; soils; southwestern Slovakia; statistical analysis; transfer functions; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(04)30025-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A history of the Skagit River basin snow surveys and hydroelectric project AN - 50277409; 2006-039405 JF - Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference AU - Pattee, Scott Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 95 EP - 98 PB - Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO VL - 72 SN - 0161-0589, 0161-0589 KW - United States KW - programs KW - North America KW - water supply KW - Washington KW - Skagit Valley KW - power plants KW - hydroelectric energy KW - Cascade Range KW - snowpack KW - snow surveys KW - snow KW - basins KW - SNOTEL KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50277409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.atitle=A+history+of+the+Skagit+River+basin+snow+surveys+and+hydroelectric+project&rft.au=Pattee%2C+Scott&rft.aulast=Pattee&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Western+Snow+Conference&rft.issn=01610589&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.westernsnowconference.org/biblio LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Western snow conference; 72nd annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basins; Cascade Range; hydroelectric energy; North America; power plants; programs; Skagit Valley; SNOTEL; snow; snow surveys; snowpack; United States; Washington; water supply ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plant oils thymol and eugenol affect cattle and swine waste emissions differently AN - 21152334; 11661617 AB - Wastes generated from the production of cattle and swine in confined facilities create the potential for surface and groundwater pollution, emission of greenhouse gases, transmission of pathogens to food and water sources, and odor. It is our hypothesis that something which inhibits microbial fermentation in livestock wastes will be beneficial to solving some of the environmental problems. Our work has concentrated on the use of antimicrobial plant oils, thymol, thyme oil, carvacrol, eugenol and clove oil. Anaerobic one-litre flasks with a working volume of 0.5 L cattle or swine manure were used to evaluate the effect of thymol and eugenol on production of fermentation gas, short-chain volatile fatty acids, lactate, and bacterial populations. Either oil at 0.2% in both wastes essentially stopped all production of gas and volatile fatty acids, and eliminated all fecal coliform bacteria. In cattle but not swine waste, thymol prevented the accumulation of lactate. However, eugenol stimulated lactate formation in cattle and swine wastes. Thus, eugenol may offer a distinct advantage over thymol, because lactate accumulation in the wastes causes the pH to drop more rapidly, further inhibiting microbial activity and nutrient emissions. We conclude that plant oils may offer solutions to controlling various environmental problems associated with livestock wastes, assuming that they are cost-effective. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Varel, V H AU - Miller, D N AU - Lindsay, A D AD - USDA-ARS, US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933 USA ( Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 207 EP - 213 PB - IWA Publishing VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Accumulation KW - Oil KW - Eugenia KW - Wastes KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 3050:Ultimate disposal of wastes KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21152334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Plant+oils+thymol+and+eugenol+affect+cattle+and+swine+waste+emissions+differently&rft.au=Varel%2C+V+H%3BMiller%2C+D+N%3BLindsay%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Varel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-02-11 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wastes; Oil; Eugenia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In Situ Remediation of Nickel Phytotoxicity for Different Plant Species AN - 21037364; 8502473 AB - Acidic nickel (Ni)-contaminated soils in the vicinity of a Ni refinery at Port Colborne (Ontario, Canada) cause Ni phytotoxicity and require remediation. Thus, a greenhouse test with 11 plant species with a wide range of susceptibility to Ni toxicity was conducted to determine if Ni phytotoxicity of all species could be ameliorated by a high rate of limestone. At the original pH of 5.2, the Welland soil (Typic Epiaquoll; 2900mgkg-1Ni) was severely phytotoxic to all plant species tested. Toxicity symptoms in dicots included interveinal chlorosis and necrosis of leaves. In grasses, a banded chlorosis was present. Two limestone rates, 2.5 and 50Mgha-1, were included in the test. Both liming and plant species significantly affected soil pH, and 0.01M Sr(NO3)2-extractable soil Ni. Increase in pH exponentially decreased Sr(NO3)2-extractable soil Ni. Grass species were more resistant to Ni toxicity than dicots. Liming soil to pH of 5.9-6.3 enabled good growth of several grass species, but dicot species were still stunted or died. Making the soil calcareous (pH 7.7-7.8) ameliorated Ni toxicity of this highly contaminated soil for all species tested. Concentration of Ni in shoots associated with 25% yield reduction varied among species ranging from 9 to 122mgkg-1 dry shoots. JF - Journal of Plant Nutrition AU - Kukier, Urszula AU - Chaney, Rufus L AD - USDA-ARS, AMBL, Beltsville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 465 EP - 495 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0190-4167, 0190-4167 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Canada, Ontario KW - Bioremediation KW - Limestone KW - Grasses KW - Nickel KW - Liming KW - Refineries KW - Soil contamination KW - Toxicity KW - Canada, Ontario, Port Colborne KW - Soil KW - calcareous soils KW - shoots KW - greenhouses KW - Phytotoxicity KW - pH KW - plant nutrition KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21037364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.atitle=In+Situ+Remediation+of+Nickel+Phytotoxicity+for+Different+Plant+Species&rft.au=Kukier%2C+Urszula%3BChaney%2C+Rufus+L&rft.aulast=Kukier&rft.aufirst=Urszula&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Plant+Nutrition&rft.issn=01904167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FPLN-120028874 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Limestone; Bioremediation; Grasses; Nickel; Liming; Toxicity; Soil contamination; Refineries; Soil; calcareous soils; greenhouses; shoots; Phytotoxicity; plant nutrition; pH; Canada, Ontario; Canada, Ontario, Port Colborne DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120028874 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Life Cycle, Feeding and Production of Isoptena serricornis(Pictet, 1841) (Plecoptera, Chloroperlidae) AN - 20755661; 5911801 AB - Some aspects of the biology and ecology (life cycle, feeding and production) of a population of Isoptena serricornis in the Rudava River (Slovakia) are studied, reported and discussed. The life cycle is annual, with slow growth in autumn-winter and fast growth in late summer and spring. The growth decreased two weeks before the Fall Equinox and increased two weeks after the Spring Equinox. The flight period spans from the end of May to the beginning of July. The presence of large sand particles in the gut of all studied nymphs is of note, and indicates that I. serricornis acts as a deposit-collector species. Nymphal food is principally composed of detritus, unicellular organisms and, in nymphs of intermediate or large size, Chironomidae larvae. Adult food is composed fundamentally of different types of pollen grains. Males usually have lower food content than females. Annual production of this species (~694-750 mg . m super(-2)) is very high in relation to other previously studied Chloroperlidae. This is probably largely responsible for I. serricornis being one of the most abundant components of the macroinvertebrate community in its habitat in the Rudava River. A negative correlation between production and temperature was observed. JF - International Review of Hydrobiology AU - Derka, Tomas AU - De Figueroa, Jose Manuel Tierno AU - Krno, Il'ja AD - Department of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina B-2, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia, derka@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004///0, PY - 2004 DA - 0, 2004 SP - 165 EP - 174 PB - Wiley-VCH, Postfach 101161 Weinheim 69451 Germany, [mailto:info@wiley-vch.de] VL - 89 IS - 2 SN - 1434-2944, 1434-2944 KW - Green stoneflies KW - Plecoptera KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - plecoptera KW - feeding KW - life cycle KW - production KW - Slovakia KW - Growth rate KW - Nymphs KW - Feeding KW - Chlorophylls KW - Chironomidae KW - Life cycle KW - Hydrobiology KW - Streams KW - Pollen KW - Chloroperlidae KW - Isoptena serricornis KW - Body size KW - Zoobenthos KW - Seasonal variations KW - Detritus KW - Q1 08462:Benthos KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05210:Aquatic entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20755661?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Review+of+Hydrobiology&rft.atitle=Life+Cycle%2C+Feeding+and+Production+of+Isoptena+serricornis%28Pictet%2C+1841%29+%28Plecoptera%2C+Chloroperlidae%29&rft.au=Derka%2C+Tomas%3BDe+Figueroa%2C+Jose+Manuel+Tierno%3BKrno%2C+Il%27ja&rft.aulast=Derka&rft.aufirst=Tomas&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Review+of+Hydrobiology&rft.issn=14342944&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Firoh.200310726 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nymphs; Growth rate; Chlorophylls; Body size; Hydrobiology; Life cycle; Zoobenthos; Detritus; Pollen; Feeding; Seasonal variations; Streams; Chironomidae; Chloroperlidae; Plecoptera; Isoptena serricornis; Slovakia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200310726 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Emulating natural landscape disturbance in forest management - an introduction AN - 20717395; 6024305 JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Crow, T R AU - Perera, AH AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1831 Hwy 169 E., Grand Rapids, Minnesota 55744 USA Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 231 EP - 233 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - forest management KW - disturbance KW - Landscape KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20717395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Emulating+natural+landscape+disturbance+in+forest+management+-+an+introduction&rft.au=Crow%2C+T+R%3BPerera%2C+AH&rft.aulast=Crow&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ALAND.0000030762.86156.5d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landscape; disturbance; forest management DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:LAND.0000030762.86156.5d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low levels of sodium and potassium in the water from wetlands in Minnesota that contained malformed frogs affect the rate of Xenopus development AN - 20607948; 5940940 AB - Water samples were collected between 1999 and 2000 from wetlands in Minnesota that contained malformed frogs. The water samples were analyzed for 14 minerals/ions and screened for the presence of biologically active compounds using Xenopus laevis. Results indicated that water from two sites, CWB and ROI2, induced severe retardation with embryo lengths reduced 20% after 96 hr of development. The developmental delay observed with water from ROI2 was alleviated by supplementation with sodium, while both sodium and potassium alleviated the developmental delay observed with water whose mineral content mimicked that of CWB. Seasonal fluctuations in the sodium and potassium content at ROI2 and NEY correlated with changes in the rates of Xenopus development. Xenopus embryos reared on water from ROI2 for 120 hr displayed gut malformations not present in embryos reared on a synthetic media designed to mimic the mineral content of the water from ROI2. Embryos reared on water from ROI2 supplemented with minerals at levels comparable to that routinely employed in the rearing of Xenopus were neither retarded nor malformed. It is proposed that climate driven hydrology may influence the mineral composition at selected wetlands and delay development which may alter window(s) of susceptibility towards biologically active agents and the occurrence of malformed frogs. JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment AU - Garber, EAE AU - Erb, J L AU - Magner, J AU - Larsen, G AD - USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND, USA, GarberE@hotmail.com Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 45 EP - 64 VL - 90 IS - 1-3 SN - 0167-6369, 0167-6369 KW - African clawed frog KW - Frogs KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Amphibiotic species KW - Freshwater KW - Water analysis KW - mineral composition KW - Hydrology KW - Embryos KW - Wetlands KW - Seasonal variations KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Anura KW - Embryonic development KW - Potassium KW - Developmental stages KW - Xenopus laevis KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Mineral composition KW - Monitoring KW - frogs KW - Abnormalities KW - Water sampling KW - Pollution effects KW - Larval development KW - Environmental factors KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Assessments KW - Seasonality KW - Ions KW - Climate KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Sodium KW - Fluctuations KW - Minerals KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - Q1 08324:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20607948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Low+levels+of+sodium+and+potassium+in+the+water+from+wetlands+in+Minnesota+that+contained+malformed+frogs+affect+the+rate+of+Xenopus+development&rft.au=Garber%2C+EAE%3BErb%2C+J+L%3BMagner%2C+J%3BLarsen%2C+G&rft.aulast=Garber&rft.aufirst=EAE&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.issn=01676369&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Seasonality; Ions; Amphibiotic species; Climate; Embryonic development; Developmental stages; Pollution effects; Potassium; Larval development; Water analysis; Environmental factors; Sodium; Hydrology; Wetlands; Mineral composition; Abnormalities; mineral composition; Sulfur dioxide; Water sampling; Embryos; frogs; Seasonal variations; Minerals; Frogs; Assessments; Water Pollution Effects; Monitoring; Fluctuations; Xenopus laevis; Anura; USA, Minnesota; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of Pleospora papaveracea biomass in liquid culture and its infectivity on opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) AN - 20236599; 5808637 AB - The fungus Pleospora papaveracea is a potential biocontrol agent for opium poppy. The objective of this study was to characterize the growth and production of propagules of P. papaveracea on various substrates and determine their infectivity on opium poppy. Pleospora papaveracea was grown on agar media containing wheat bran, corn cobs, soy fiber, cottonseed meal, rice flour, cornstarch, pectin, dextrin, or molasses, all with the addition of brewer's yeast (BY). Maximum radial growth of P. papaveracea occurred on molasses, soy fiber, and wheat bran media. Pleospora papaveracea produced chlamydospores on dextrin-BY and cornstarch-BY only. Pleospora papaveracea growth in liquid media with 1% (wt/v) dextrin, cornstarch, soy fiber, or wheat bran resulted in the production of greater than 106 colony-forming units (cfu) ml-1 within 3 to 5 d of incubation. Pleospora papaveracea produced less than 105 chlamydospores ml-1 after 10 d of incubation in wheat bran-BY and soy fiber-BY liquid media compared with the production of greater than 105 chlamydospores ml-1 after 5 d of incubation in dextrin-BY or cornstarch-BY liquid media. Fewer cfu were produced by P. papaveracea in 0.25% dextrin or 0.25 and 0.50% soy fiber liquid media than with 1 or 2% substrate. Greater than 107 chlamydospores g-1 dry weight and 108 cfu g-1 dry weight of P. papaveracea were produced in dextrin-BY liquid media in a commercial bench-top fermentor. After air drying biomass for 6 d, propagules of P. papaveracea remained infective on opium poppy. Mycelia and chlamydospores of P. papaveracea grew and formed appressoria during the infection process. Air-dried biomass, when rehydrated in 0.001% Tween 20, caused necrosis within 48 h after application to detached opium poppy leaves. At least 94% of the propagules from air-dried biomass that germinated and infected detached opium poppy leaves were of mycelial origin. Nomenclature: Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L. JF - Weed Science AU - Bailey, BA AU - Hebbar, K P AU - Lumsden, R D AU - O'Neill, N R AU - Lewis, JA AD - USDA-ARS, Alternate Crops and Systems Laboratory, Building 001, Room 342, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, baileyb@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 91 EP - 97 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Agar KW - Weeds KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Appressoria KW - Pleospora papaveracea KW - Leaves KW - Biomass KW - Soybeans KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Liquid culture KW - Papaver somniferum KW - Nomenclature KW - Propagules KW - dextrin KW - Infection KW - Necrosis KW - Chlamydospores KW - Media (culture) KW - Molasses KW - Drying KW - Oryza sativa KW - Mycelia KW - Fibers KW - Infectivity KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Pectin KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20236599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Production+of+Pleospora+papaveracea+biomass+in+liquid+culture+and+its+infectivity+on+opium+poppy+%28Papaver+somniferum%29&rft.au=Bailey%2C+BA%3BHebbar%2C+K+P%3BLumsden%2C+R+D%3BO%27Neill%2C+N+R%3BLewis%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282004%29052%280091%3APOPPBI%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-1745&volume=52&page=91 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pleospora papaveracea; Triticum aestivum; Papaver somniferum; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Oryza sativa; Media (culture); Soybeans; Chlamydospores; Biomass; Fibers; dextrin; Propagules; Colony-forming cells; Infectivity; Leaves; Mycelia; Molasses; Infection; Weeds; Agar; Nomenclature; Pectin; Appressoria; Drying; Biological control; Necrosis; Liquid culture DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2004)052(0091:POPPBI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postnatal apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells of homozygous leaner (tg /tg ) mice AN - 20187072; 10263096 AB - Leaner mice carry a homozygous, autosomal recessive mutation in the mouse CACNA1A gene encoding the alpha 1A subunit of P/Q-type calcium channels, which results in an out-of-frame splicing event in the carboxy terminus of the alpha 1A protein. Leaner mice exhibit severe ataxia, paroxysmal dyskinesia and absence seizures. Functional studies have revealed a marked decrease in calcium currents through leaner P/Q-type channels and altered neuronal calcium ion homeostasis in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Histopathological studies of leaner mice have revealed extensive postnatal cerebellar Purkinje and granule cell loss. We examined the temporospatial pattern of cerebellar granule cell death in the leaner mouse between postnatal days (P) 10 and 40. Our observations clearly indicate that leaner cerebellar granule cells die via an apoptotic process and that the peak time of neuronal death is P20. We did not observe a significant increase in microglial and astrocytic responses at P20, suggesting that glial responses are not a cause of neuronal cell death. We propose that the leaner cerebellar granule cell represents anin vivo animal model for low intracellular [Ca]-induced apoptosis. Since intracellular [Ca] is critical in the control of gene expression, it is quite likely that reduced intracellular [Ca] could activate a lethal cascade of altered gene expression leading to the apoptotic granule cell death in the leaner cerebellum. JF - Neurotoxicity Research AU - Lau, Francis C AU - Frank, Tamy C AU - Nahm, Sang-Soep AU - Stoica, Gheorghe AU - Abbott, Louise C AD - USDA, HNRCA, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., 02111 Boston, MA, USA, labbott@cvm.tamu.edu Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 267 EP - 280 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Milton Park, Abingdon Oxford OX14 4RN UK, [URL:http://www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk/] VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1029-8428, 1029-8428 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - Calcium homeostasis KW - Calcium channels (Q-type) KW - Death KW - Apoptosis KW - Dyskinesia KW - Seizures KW - Cerebellum KW - Animal models KW - Homeostasis KW - Gene expression KW - Granule cells KW - Cell death KW - Splicing KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Ataxia KW - Purkinje cells KW - CACNA1A protein KW - Neuronal-glial interactions KW - Calcium currents KW - Mutation KW - Calcium channels (P/Q-type) KW - T 2000:Cellular Calcium KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20187072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicity+Research&rft.atitle=Postnatal+apoptosis+in+cerebellar+granule+cells+of+homozygous+leaner+%28tg+%2Ftg+%29+mice&rft.au=Lau%2C+Francis+C%3BFrank%2C+Tamy+C%3BNahm%2C+Sang-Soep%3BStoica%2C+Gheorghe%3BAbbott%2C+Louise+C&rft.aulast=Lau&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicity+Research&rft.issn=10298428&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF03033437 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Calcium channels (Q-type); Calcium homeostasis; Death; Apoptosis; Dyskinesia; Seizures; Animal models; Cerebellum; Homeostasis; Granule cells; Gene expression; Splicing; Cell death; Neurotoxicity; Purkinje cells; Ataxia; CACNA1A protein; Neuronal-glial interactions; Mutation; Calcium currents; Calcium channels (P/Q-type) DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03033437 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Storage and ultraviolet-induced tissue stress effects on fresh-cut pineapple AN - 20118590; 6028879 AB - The effect of UV-induced stress on the volatile aroma compounds in cut pineapple was compared with that of storage at 4 degree C for 24 h. Eighteen volatile compounds were identified by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in fresh-cut pineapple. Methyl-2-methylbutanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl 5-hexenoate, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl 5-hexenoate were the major aroma compounds. Storage at 4 degree C for 24 h, and exposure of cut fruit to UV radiation for 15 min caused a considerable decrease in the concentration of esters and increase in the relative amount of copaene. This sesquiterpene, when added to crushed cantaloupe melon (0.1 mg g super(-1)), inhibited microbial growth in the fruit over a period of 24 h at 20 degree C. Cis- and trans-ocimene were present in the fruit but their production was not photo-induced by UV irradiation. Ocimene, however, was a potent antimicrobial agent that killed microorganisms when added to the crushed fruit and stored at 20 degree C for 24 h. The results indicate that sesquiterpene phytoalexins could contribute to the defense mechanism in wounded pineapple tissue. JF - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture AU - Lamikanra, Olusola AU - Richard, Olga A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center 1100 Robert E Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA, sola@srrc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1812 EP - 1816 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 84 IS - 14 SN - 0022-5142, 0022-5142 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Chemoreception Abstracts KW - Ananas comosus KW - phytoalexins KW - pineapple KW - minimally processed KW - terpenes KW - fruit KW - volatiles KW - SPME KW - Fruits KW - Cucumis melo KW - Stress KW - Aroma compounds KW - Phytoalexins KW - Esters KW - Ocimene KW - sesquiterpenes KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - U.V. radiation KW - ethyl hexanoate KW - Volatiles KW - Microorganisms KW - Defense mechanisms KW - Solid phase methods KW - R 18065:Food science KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20118590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Storage+and+ultraviolet-induced+tissue+stress+effects+on+fresh-cut+pineapple&rft.au=Lamikanra%2C+Olusola%3BRichard%2C+Olga+A&rft.aulast=Lamikanra&rft.aufirst=Olusola&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1812&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Science+of+Food+and+Agriculture&rft.issn=00225142&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjsfa.1891 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fruits; Stress; Aroma compounds; Esters; Phytoalexins; Ocimene; sesquiterpenes; Antimicrobial agents; U.V. radiation; Volatiles; ethyl hexanoate; Microorganisms; Defense mechanisms; Solid phase methods; Cucumis melo DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1891 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of 2, 4, 6-trichloroanisole in microorganism-free irradiated raisins by solid-phase microextraction and GC-MS AN - 19939648; 5873908 AB - The occurrence of 2, 4, 6-trichloroanisole (TCA) in nonprocessed dry-on-the- vine (DOV) and Thompson seedless irradiated raisins extracted by solvent-free solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was confirmed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The 42 kGy (kilo Gray) dose irradiated DOV and Thompson seedless raisins incubated in five growth media were shown to be free of microorganisms. The quantity of TCA in the irradiated raisins was 0.39+/-0.05 ng/kg compared with 0.56+/-0.17 ng/kg in nonirradiated samples. The observation supports the view that raisins biosynthesize a minute but detectable quantity of TCA. The SPME fiber (divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane) method was simpler and quicker than the Likens-Nickerson extraction method for TCA determination. The biochemical mechanism of TCA production in raisin grape is unknown, but information in the biochemical literature of abundant phenolic substrates in grape berry, the presence of methyltransferases in Vitis tissues and of a chlorinating system provides a plausible basis for further investigation of the process. JF - Journal of Stored Products Research AU - Aung, L H AU - Jenner, J F AD - USDA, ARS, Postharvest Quality and Genetics Research Unit, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA, laung@fresno.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 451 EP - 459 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0022-474X, 0022-474X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Dry-on-the-vine raisins KW - Irradiation KW - Chloroanisoles KW - Biogenesis KW - Solid-phase microextraction KW - SPME KW - Fruits KW - Stored products KW - Vitis KW - Vines KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Fibers KW - Methyltransferase KW - polydimethylsiloxane KW - Gas chromatography KW - Microorganisms KW - phenolic compounds KW - Vitaceae KW - Solid phase methods KW - A 01320:Microbial Degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19939648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Stored+Products+Research&rft.atitle=Detection+of+2%2C+4%2C+6-trichloroanisole+in+microorganism-free+irradiated+raisins+by+solid-phase+microextraction+and+GC-MS&rft.au=Aung%2C+L+H%3BJenner%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Aung&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Stored+Products+Research&rft.issn=0022474X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-474X%2803%2900048-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibers; Fruits; polydimethylsiloxane; Methyltransferase; Gas chromatography; Stored products; Microorganisms; phenolic compounds; Vines; Solid phase methods; Mass spectroscopy; Vitis; Vitaceae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(03)00048-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of the fungal protein Nep1 and Pseudomonas syringae on growth of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) AN - 19802294; 5808638 AB - The effects of the fungal protein Nep1 and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (Pst) applied separately or in combination on Canada thistle, common ragweed, and common dandelion were examined in growth chamber experiments. Experiments examined five treatments: (1) untreated control, (2) Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v) control, (3) Nep1 (5 mu g ml-1) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v), (4) Pst (109 colony-forming units [cfu] ml-1) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v /v), and (5) Pst (109 cfu ml-1) and Nep1 (5 mu g ml-1) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v). Foliar treatments were applied at 28, 26, and 21 d after planting for Canada thistle, common dandelion, and common ragweed, respectively. For all three species, foliar application of Nep1 alone or in combination with Pst caused rapid desiccation and necrosis of leaves, with the greatest effect on recent, fully expanded (RFE) leaves. Within 4 to 8 h after treatment (HAT), 60 to 80% of RFE leaves of all three species were necrotic. Measured 72 HAT, Pst populations in Canada thistle leaves treated with Nep1 plus Pst were approximately 105 cfu cm-2 compared with 107 cfu cm-2 for leaves treated with Pst alone. Measured 2 wk after treatment, foliar application of Nep1 reduced shoot dry weight of the three weeds by 30 to 41%. Treatment with Pst reduced shoot growth of common ragweed, Canada thistle, and common dandelion by 82, 31, and 41%, respectively. The large suppression of common ragweed shoot growth caused by Pst treatment was associated with a high percentage (60%) of leaf area exhibiting chlorosis. Treatment with Pst plus Nep1 did not result in significant decreases in shoot dry weight for Canada thistle and common dandelion compared with either treatment alone. For common ragweed, shoot growth reduction caused by applying Pst and Nep1 together was not greater than that caused by Pst alone. Nomenclature: Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense L. (Scop.) CIRAR; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. AMBEL; common dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers TAROF. JF - Weed Science AU - Gronwald, J W AU - Plaisance, K L AU - Bailey, BA AD - Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN 55108, gronw001@umn.edu Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 98 EP - 104 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 0043-1745, 0043-1745 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Nomenclature KW - Weeds KW - Leaf area KW - Chlorosis KW - Ambrosia artemisiifolia KW - Cirsium arvense KW - Leaves KW - Foliar applications KW - Taraxacum officinale KW - Shoots KW - Necrosis KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Planting KW - Desiccation KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19802294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+the+fungal+protein+Nep1+and+Pseudomonas+syringae+on+growth+of+Canada+thistle+%28Cirsium+arvense%29%2C+common+ragweed+%28Ambrosia+artemisiifolia%29%2C+and+common+dandelion+%28Taraxacum+officinale%29&rft.au=Gronwald%2C+J+W%3BPlaisance%2C+K+L%3BBailey%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Gronwald&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Science&rft.issn=00431745&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0043-1745%282004%29052%280098%3AEOTFPN%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0043-1745&volume=52&page=98 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nomenclature; Shoots; Leaf area; Weeds; Necrosis; Chlorosis; Planting; Colony-forming cells; Foliar applications; Leaves; Desiccation; Cirsium arvense; Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Taraxacum officinale; Pseudomonas syringae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0043-1745(2004)052(0098:EOTFPN)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of forest harvesting best management practices on coarse woody debris distribution in stream and riparian zones in three Appalachian watersheds AN - 19728682; 5917306 AB - The distribution of coarse woody debris (CWD) was analyzed in three Appalachian watersheds in eastern Kentucky, eighteen years after harvest. The three watersheds included an unharvested control (Control), a second watershed with best management practices (BMPs) applied that included a 15.2 m unharvested zone near the stream (BMP watershed), and a third watershed that was harvested without strict BMPs with harvesting occurring up to the stream edge and slash left within the stream and riparian zones (No BMP watershed). We assessed the CWD occurring both within the riparian zone and stream in the three watersheds. Within both stream and riparian zones, the BMP and No BMP watersheds contained more CWD biomass than in the Control, however, the No BMP watershed CWD was in a more advanced state of decay than in either the BMP or Control watersheds. Nitrogen content in CWD was also greater in the No BMP watershed because of the more advanced state of the decay. The CWD present in the Control is the result of natural forest processes such as death and self-pruning. The CWD in the No BMP watershed is a result of the slash left behind after the harvest since little opportunity exists for new recruitment of CWD from the surrounding area. From our decay class data, it is apparent that at least some of the CWD in the BMP watershed has occurred since harvest, and, based on our biomass data, at a much greater rate of recruitment than in the Control watershed. We hypothesize that the harvest outside of the riparian zone in the BMP watershed may have led to greater windthrow and/or slumping than in the Control watershed. As such, our data suggest that riparian zones of 15.2 m may not be effective in maintaining the short-term integrity of the CWD pool within steep gradient Appalachian systems. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus AU - McClure, J M AU - Kolka, R K AU - White, A AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA, rkolka@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004///0, PY - 2004 DA - 0, 2004 SP - 245 EP - 261 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany, [mailto:subscriptions@springer.de] VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1567-7230, 1567-7230 KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pools KW - Forests KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - best practices KW - Distribution KW - Riparian environments KW - recruitment KW - Decay KW - Zones KW - Detritus KW - River basin management KW - Mortality KW - Riparian zone KW - Recruitment KW - Best Management Practices KW - Soil contamination KW - Biomass KW - Water pollution KW - Air pollution KW - USA, Kentucky KW - harvesting KW - Slumping KW - windthrow KW - Harvesting KW - Nitrogen KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 2060:Effects on water of human nonwater activities KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19728682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution%3A+Focus&rft.atitle=Effect+of+forest+harvesting+best+management+practices+on+coarse+woody+debris+distribution+in+stream+and+riparian+zones+in+three+Appalachian+watersheds&rft.au=McClure%2C+J+M%3BKolka%2C+R+K%3BWhite%2C+A&rft.aulast=McClure&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution%3A+Focus&rft.issn=15677230&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AWAFO.0000012815.30596.97 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Riparian zone; Recruitment; Slumping; Watersheds; River basin management; Water pollution; Harvesting; Mortality; Forests; Soil contamination; Biomass; Streams; best practices; harvesting; Riparian environments; recruitment; Decay; windthrow; Nitrogen; Distribution; Pools; Best Management Practices; Detritus; Zones; USA, Kentucky DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WAFO.0000012815.30596.97 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial Responses to Wheel-Traffic in Conventional and No-Tillage Systems AN - 19611761; 8610852 AB - Traffic-induced soil compaction and tillage systems can impact the productivity and sustainability of agricultural soils. The objective of this study was to assess the response of soil microbial populations to wheel-traffic in two tillage systems on a Norfolk loamy sand (Typic Kandiudults; FAO classification Luxic Ferralsols). Experimental variables were with and without traffic under conventional tillage (disk harrow twice, chisel plow, field cultivator-planter) vs. no tillage employed in a split-plot design with four replications; main plots were traffic and subplots were tillage. Soil samples were collected from 0-2 and 2-4-cm depths, sieved (2mm), and used to assess soil-water content, microbial biomass nitrogen (N), dehydrogenase, and microbial characterization using phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Traffic increased soil-water content, had little affect on microbial biomass N, and increased microbial activity (no-till plots only) likely due to increased amounts of residue. Soil-water content, microbial biomass N, PLFA estimates of microbial biomass, and microbial activity were all consistently higher in no-till compared to conventional tillage plots. Data from this study suggest that conventional tillage results in a lower, more static, possibly more mature community of microbes while the microbial community under no-till appears to be a younger, more viable growing population. Finally, these data suggest that overall soil quality, at least in the surface soil layer, is improved in agricultural systems employing no-till operations. JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Runion, G B AU - Prior, S A AU - Reeves, D W AU - Rogers, H H AU - Reicosky, D C AU - Peacock, A D AU - White, D C AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 2891 EP - 2903 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 35 IS - 19-20 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Data processing KW - Replication KW - Soil compaction KW - Biomass KW - dehydrogenase KW - Traffic KW - Classification KW - Sand KW - Tillage KW - Fatty acids KW - Nitrogen KW - Phospholipids KW - A 01400:Soil Microbes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19611761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=Microbial+Responses+to+Wheel-Traffic+in+Conventional+and+No-Tillage+Systems&rft.au=Runion%2C+G+B%3BPrior%2C+S+A%3BReeves%2C+D+W%3BRogers%2C+H+H%3BReicosky%2C+D+C%3BPeacock%2C+A+D%3BWhite%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Runion&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=19-20&rft.spage=2891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FCSS-200036485 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Classification; Sand; Replication; Tillage; Fatty acids; Soil compaction; Biomass; dehydrogenase; Phospholipids; Nitrogen; Traffic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CSS-200036485 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing water quality in wetlands with forestry BMP's AN - 19429278; 5917302 AB - Forested wetlands are uniquely critical areas in forest operations that present special challenges to protect water quality. These locations are a direct interface between the impacts of forest operations and water. BMP's are designed to minimize nonpoint source pollution, but much of the science behind current guidelines is based on an understanding of erosion processes in upland situations. In wetlands and around temporary stream crossings, redirection of flow, sedimentation processes, and alterations of flow velocity become important. Existing forested wetland BMP's appear to adequately address water quality protection. If existing BMP's became prescriptive regulations, however, there is potential for mis-application and unintended ecological impacts. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus AU - Rummer, B AD - USDA Forest Service, 520 Devall Drive, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA, rrummer@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004///0, PY - 2004 DA - 0, 2004 SP - 55 EP - 66 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany, [mailto:subscriptions@springer.de] VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1567-7230, 1567-7230 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Soil erosion KW - Water quality KW - Erosion Control KW - Soils KW - Environmental Policy KW - Wetlands KW - Water Quality Control KW - Sedimentation KW - Forestry KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality control KW - Air pollution KW - Erosion KW - Water management KW - Environment management KW - Pollution control KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION KW - SW 3070:Water quality control KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19429278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution%3A+Focus&rft.atitle=Managing+water+quality+in+wetlands+with+forestry+BMP%27s&rft.au=Rummer%2C+B&rft.aulast=Rummer&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution%3A+Focus&rft.issn=15677230&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AWAFO.0000012826.29223.65 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Water management; Soils; Wetlands; Soil erosion; Sedimentation; Water quality; Water pollution; Water quality control; Erosion; Environment management; Pollution control; Forestry; Erosion Control; Environmental Policy; Water Quality Control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WAFO.0000012826.29223.65 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is rangeland agriculture sustainable? AN - 19402447; 5953295 AB - The objective of this paper is to examine the sustainability of rangeland agriculture (i.e., managed grazing) on a world-wide basis, with a focus on North America. Sustainability is addressed on three fronts: 1) ecological, 2) economic, and 3) social acceptance. Based on previous and on-going research, we suggest that employment of science-based rangeland grazing management strategies and tactics can ensure ecological sustainability. The formidable challenge in employing such technology centers around the need to balance efficiency of solar energy capture and subsequent harvest efficiencies across an array of highly spatially and temporally variable vegetation growing conditions using animals that graze selectively. Failure to meet this fundamental challenge often accelerates rangeland desertification processes, and in some instances, enhances rate and extent of the invasion of noxious weeds. We also suggest that the fundamental reason that ecologically sound grazing management technologies are often not employed in the management of grazed ecological systems is because social values drive management decisions more so than ecological science issues. This is true in both well-developed societies with substantial economic resources and in less-developed societies with few economic resources. However, the social issues driving management are often entirely different, ranging from multiple-use issues in developed countries to human day-to-day survival issues in poorly developed countries. We conclude that the long-term sustainability of rangeland agriculture in 1) developed societies depends on the ability of rangeland agriculturalists to continually respond in a dynamic, positive, proactive manner to ever-changing social values and 2) less-developed societies on their ability to address the ecological and social consequences arising from unsustainable human populations before the adoption of science-based sustainable rangeland management technologies. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Heitschmidt, R K AU - Vermeire, L T AU - Grings, EE AD - USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, MT Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - E138 EP - E146 PB - American Society of Animal Science VL - 82 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - North America KW - Desertification KW - grazing KW - agriculture KW - Vegetation KW - Sustainable development KW - social values KW - Rangelands KW - Economics KW - weeds KW - human populations KW - survival KW - Solar energy KW - developed countries KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19402447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Is+rangeland+agriculture+sustainable%3F&rft.au=Heitschmidt%2C+R+K%3BVermeire%2C+L+T%3BGrings%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Heitschmidt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=&rft.spage=E138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Desertification; grazing; agriculture; Sustainable development; Vegetation; Rangelands; social values; Economics; human populations; weeds; survival; Solar energy; developed countries; North America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Technique to Estimate Nitrate-Nitrogen Loss by Runoff and Leaching for Agricultural Land, Lancaster County, Nebraska AN - 19398427; 8610835 AB - Nitrate-nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural land to natural water resources is an issue for both crop production and water quality. The objective of this study was to develop a technique to evaluate and map nitrate-N loss by surface runoff and subsurface leaching for agricultural land. The technique implemented water loss calculated by the National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) runoff equation and a percolation model to predict nitrate-N loss for soils with different types of land cover. The technique was applied on agricultural land in Lancaster County, Nebraska, which covers 221,000ha near the eastern edge of the Great Plains. The Soil Survey Report was used to identify 11 major soil series that comprise 83% of acreage in the county. Predicted nitrate runoff loss from soils ranged from 0.84 to 6.20kg/ha/y for fallow, 0.83 to 5.97kg/ha/y for cropland, and 0.80 to 5.29kg/ha/y for grassland. For most soils nitrate loss by leaching was greater than that by runoff. The average loss predicted by leaching was 8.75, 7.01, and 3.73kg/ha/y for fallow, cropland, and grassland, respectively. Nitrate concentration predicted in runoff water from three crop-covered soils exceeded the threshold of 10mg/L, while most soils generated leaching water with nitrate exceeding 10mg/L. The county-level average of nitrate predicted in runoff (6.55mg/L) and leaching water (11.8mg/L) emphasized a need of nutrient management plan to reduce N loss from cropland. The Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were applied to map water loss and nitrate risk potential (NRP) for surface and groundwater contamination in the county. JF - Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis AU - Elrashidi, M A AU - Mays, M D AU - Peaslee, S D AU - Hooper, D G AD - Soil Survey Laboratory, National Soil Survey Center, USDA/NRCS, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 2593 EP - 2615 PB - Taylor & Francis, 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 35 IS - 17-18 SN - 0010-3624, 0010-3624 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - water quality KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - fallow land KW - Water resources KW - crop production KW - Soil KW - plains KW - Geographical Information Systems KW - Leaching KW - management plans KW - water loss KW - Nitrates KW - agricultural land KW - Cropland KW - Grasslands KW - USA, Nebraska KW - soil surveys KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Conservation KW - USA, Pennsylvania, Lancaster Cty. KW - Geographic information systems KW - Water Loss KW - Runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3010:Identification of pollutants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19398427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.atitle=A+Technique+to+Estimate+Nitrate-Nitrogen+Loss+by+Runoff+and+Leaching+for+Agricultural+Land%2C+Lancaster+County%2C+Nebraska&rft.au=Elrashidi%2C+M+A%3BMays%2C+M+D%3BPeaslee%2C+S+D%3BHooper%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Elrashidi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=17-18&rft.spage=2593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communications+in+Soil+Science+and+Plant+Analysis&rft.issn=00103624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FLCSS-200030396 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - water quality; Leaching; Nitrates; water loss; management plans; fallow land; Water resources; agricultural land; crop production; Soil; Grasslands; soil surveys; Conservation; Groundwater pollution; plains; Geographic information systems; Cropland; Agricultural Runoff; Water Loss; Runoff; Geographical Information Systems; USA, Nebraska; USA, Pennsylvania, Lancaster Cty. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/LCSS-200030396 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fumonisin and Beauvericin Induce Apoptosis in Turkey Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes AN - 19267863; 5850384 AB - Fumonisins, a family of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (synonym Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon) and F. proliferatum, have been associated with various deleterious effects in different animal species. Serological, hematological and pathological effects and mortality have previously been observed in broiler chicks fed F. proliferatum culture material containing known concentrations of fumonisin, moniliformin and beauvericin. Turkey peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed in vitro for 72 hours to fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)), fumonisin B sub(2) (FB sub(2)), hydrolyzed fumonisin B sub(1) (HFB sub(1)), moniliformin and tricarballylic acid (TCA) (0.01-25 mu g/ml). A decrease in cell proliferation, as determined by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] bioassay, occurred in the order: FB sub(2) > FB sub(1) > HFB sub(1), with IC sub(50) = 0.6 mu M, 1 mu M and 10 mu M, respectively. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and morphological features characteristic of apoptosis were observed following exposure to fumonisin B sub(1) and beauvericin; cytoplasmic condensation and membrane blebbing were seen by light microscopy. Tricarballylic acid and moniliformin did not interfere with cell proliferation. Results suggested that fumonisin B sub(1) and beauvericin may affect immune functions by suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes. JF - Mycopathologia AU - Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA AD - Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois, USA Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 357 EP - 364 VL - 157 IS - 1 SN - 0301-486X, 0301-486X KW - Turkey KW - moniliformin KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Apoptosis KW - Lymphocytes KW - DNA fragmentation KW - Cytoplasm KW - Hematology KW - Mortality KW - Fumonisins KW - Membranes KW - Peripheral blood KW - Immunity KW - Concentration KW - Mycotoxins KW - Cell proliferation KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19267863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycopathologia&rft.atitle=Fumonisin+and+Beauvericin+Induce+Apoptosis+in+Turkey+Peripheral+Blood+Lymphocytes&rft.au=Dombrink-Kurtzman%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Dombrink-Kurtzman&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycopathologia&rft.issn=0301486X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AMYCO.0000003607.69016.d2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lymphocytes; Apoptosis; Concentration; Immunity; Membranes; Cytoplasm; Hematology; Peripheral blood; Cell proliferation; Fumonisins; Mycotoxins; DNA fragmentation; Mortality DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MYCO.0000003607.69016.d2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hespellia stercorisuis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Hespellia porcina sp. nov., isolated from swine manure storage pits AN - 19264860; 5839830 AB - Four Gram-positive-staining, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped organisms were isolated from a pig manure storage pit. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to two related but distinct groups. Sequence analysis showed that the two groups of isolates were highly related to each other (approx. 97% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), forming a distinct cluster within the Clostridium coccoides suprageneric rDNA grouping. Biochemical and physiological studies confirmed the division of the isolates into two related, albeit distinct, groups. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unidentified rod-shaped isolates from pig manure should be classified in a novel genus, Hespellia gen. nov., as Hespellia stercorisuis sp. nov. and Hespellia porcina sp. nov. The type species of the novel genus is H. stercorisuis (type strain, PC18 super(T)=NRRL B-23456 super(T)=CCUG 46279 super(T)=ATCC BAA-677 super(T)) and the type strain of H. porcina is PC80 super(T) (=NRRL B-23458 super(T)=ATCC BAA-674 super(T)). JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Cotta, MA AU - Collins, MD AU - Lawson, P A AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA, whitehtr@ncaur.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 241 EP - 245 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Storage KW - Manure KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Hespellia stercorisuis KW - rRNA 16S KW - Hespellia porcina KW - New species KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19264860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Hespellia+stercorisuis+gen.+nov.%2C+sp.+nov.+and+Hespellia+porcina+sp.+nov.%2C+isolated+from+swine+manure+storage+pits&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+T+R%3BCotta%2C+MA%3BCollins%2C+MD%3BLawson%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fijs.0.02719-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hespellia stercorisuis; Hespellia porcina; Storage; New species; Phylogeny; rRNA 16S; Nucleotide sequence; Manure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02719-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wasp Parasitoid Disruption of Host Development: Implications for New Biologically Based Strategies for Insect Control AN - 19264465; 5847111 AB - Wasp parasitoids use a variety of methods to commandeer their insect hosts in order to create an environment that will support and promote their own development, usually to the detriment of the host insect. Parasitized insects typically undergo developmental arrest and die sometime after the parasitoid has become independent of its host. Parasitoids can deactivate their host's immune system and effect changes in host hormone titers and behavior. Often, host tissues or organs become refractory to stimulation by tropic hormones. Here we present an overview of the manipulative capabilities of wasp-injected calyx fluid containing polydnaviruses and venom, as well as the parasitoid larva and the teratocytes that originate from the serosal membrane that surrounds the developing embryo of the parasitoid. Possibilities for using regulatory molecules produced by the parasitoid or its products that would be potentially useful in developing new, environmentally safe insect control agents are discussed. JF - Annual Review of Entomology AU - Beckage, N E AU - Gelman, D B AD - Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, USDA/ARS, BARC-WEST, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA, gelmand@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 299 EP - 330 PB - Annual Reviews, Inc. VL - 49 SN - 0066-4170, 0066-4170 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Wasps KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Parasitoids KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19264465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=Wasp+Parasitoid+Disruption+of+Host+Development%3A+Implications+for+New+Biologically+Based+Strategies+for+Insect+Control&rft.au=Beckage%2C+N+E%3BGelman%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Beckage&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.issn=00664170&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev.ento.49.061802.123324 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hymenoptera; Parasitoids; Biological control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.49.061802.123324 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Airborne Salmonella enteritidis in the Environment of Experimentally Infected Laying Hens by an Electrostatic Sampling Device AN - 19263703; 5852430 AB - Bacteriologic culturing of environmental samples taken from sources such as manure pits and egg belts has been the principal screening tool in programs for identifying commercial laying flocks that have been exposed to Salmonella enteritidis and are thus at risk to produce contaminated eggs. Because airborne dust and aerosols can carry bacteria, air sampling offers a potentially efficient and inexpensive alternative for detecting S. enteritidis in poultry house environments. In the present study, an electrostatic air sampling device was applied to detect S. enteritidis in a room containing experimentally infected, caged laying hens. After oral inoculation of hens with a phage type 13a S. enteritidis strain, air samples were collected onto agar plates with the electrostatic sampling device, an impaction air sampler, and by passive exposure to the settling of aerosols and dust. Even though the floor of the room was cleaned once per week (removing most manure, dust, and feathers), air samples were positive for S. enteritidis for up to 4 wk postinoculation. On the basis of both the number of S. enteritidis colonies observed on incubated agar plates and the frequency of positive results, the efficiency of the electrostatic device was significantly greater than that of the passive exposure plates (especially at short collection intervals) and was similar to that of the far more expensive impaction sampler. The electrostatic device, used for a 3-hr sampling interval, detected airborne S. enteritidis on 75% of agar plates over the 4 wk of the study.Original Abstract: Deteccion de Salmonella enteritidis en el aire ambiental de gallinas de postura infectadas experimentalmente, mediante el uso de un aparato de muestreo electrostatico. Lambda os cultivos bacteriologicos de muestras de ambiente obtenidas de fosas de excretas y bandas transportadoras de huevo han sido los metodos principales de muestreo en programas para identificar parvadas de postura comerciales que han sido expuestas a Salmonella enteritidis y por lo tanto representan un riesgo de producir huevos contaminados. Debido a que el polvo y los aerosoles pueden transportar bacterias, la realizacion de muestreos en el aire puede ser una alternativa eficiente y accesible para detectar S. enteritidis en el ambiente de las casetas avicolas. En el presente estudio se utilizo un aparato electrostatico para el muestreo de aire con el fin de detectar S. enteritidis en un alojamiento que contenia gallinas de postura enjauladas que fueron infectadas experimentalmente. Despues de la inoculacion oral de las gallinas con S. enteritidis fagotipo 13a, se tomaron muestras de aire en placas de agar mediante el aparato electrostatico de muestreo. Tambien se realizaron muestreos con aparatos de muestreo por impactacion de aire y mediante exposicion pasiva a aerosoles y polvo. A pesar de que el piso del alojamiento se limpiaba una vez por semana (removiendo excretas, polvo y plumas), las muestras de aire fueron positivas a S. enteritidis hasta cuatro semanas despues de la inoculacion. Con base al numero de colonias observadas en las placas de agar y a la frecuencia de resultados positivos, se determino que la eficiencia del aparato electrostatico de muestreo fue significativamente mayor en comparacion con la exposicion pasiva de las placas de agar, (especialmente en intervalos cortos) y fue similar al aparato de muestreo por impactacion que es mas costoso. El aparato electrostatico de muestreo usado durante intervalos de tres horas detecto S. enteritidis en el aire en 75% de las placas de agar durante las cuatro semanas del estudio. double prime bbreviations: BG = brilliant green; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; MAC = MacConkey; PI = postinoculation JF - Avian Diseases AU - Gast, R K AU - Mitchell, B W AU - Holt, P S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 148 EP - 154 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - electrostatic devices KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Contamination KW - Airborne bacteria KW - Eggs KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02862:Infection KW - A 01110:Environmental KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19263703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Airborne+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+the+Environment+of+Experimentally+Infected+Laying+Hens+by+an+Electrostatic+Sampling+Device&rft.au=Gast%2C+R+K%3BMitchell%2C+B+W%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Gast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282004%29048%280148%3ADOASEI%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=48&page=148 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enteritidis; Airborne bacteria; Eggs; Contamination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2004)048(0148:DOASEI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation in Time of Egg Hatch by the Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) AN - 19263556; 5852573 AB - More detailed information on the age at which a honey bee, Apis mellifera L., egg hatches and the natural variation of this trait was needed to guide development of cryopreservation technology for honey bee embryos. Therefore, honey bee queens were caged on a clean, empty comb for 4 h to obtain groups of eggs of known age. These eggs were collected from the comb using a special forceps and placed on beeswax-coated petri dishes. Individual eggs were observed from 65 h after oviposition until they hatched (48.6% hatched). A tracheal network became visible approximately 2 h before hatching. Then, slow flexing of upright embryos and abdominal peristalsis were seen. Release of a fluid along the dorsal midline of the embryo was observed rarely in normal hatching. In contrast, fluid was frequently observed seeping from bulges on embryos that hatched poorly (30.6%). In a normal sequence, the eggshell was gradually digested away, and complete hatch accomplished. The age at which this occurred was significantly different between eggs from different queens, ranging from 66 to 93 h. Hatching age may be a useful marker for selection of faster development time overall, a possible mode of resistance to the varroa mite. Respiration was visible in the larvae for 1-9 h after hatch. In vitro rearing procedures for embryos preserved by cryopreservation will be designed around the parameters estimated in this study. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Collins, A M Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 140 EP - 146 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Honey bee KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - Cryopreservation KW - Hatching KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19263556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Variation+in+Time+of+Egg+Hatch+by+the+Honey+Bee%2C+Apis+Mellifera+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29&rft.au=Collins%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%29097%280140%3AVITOEH%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=140 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apis mellifera; Hatching; Cryopreservation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097(0140:VITOEH)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Relatedness of High-Level Aminoglycoside-Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Poultry Carcasses AN - 19262059; 5852425 AB - Approximately 46% (75/162) or poultry enterococci collected between 1999 and 2000 exhibited high-level resistance to gentamicin (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] greater than or equal to 500 mu g/ml), kanamycin (MIC greater than or equal to 500 mu g/ml), or streptomycin (MIC greater than or equal to 1000 mu g/ml). Forty-one percent of the isolates were resistant to kanamycin (n = 67), whereas 23% and 19% were resistant to gentamicin (n = 37) and streptomycin (n = 31), respectively. The predominant species identified was Enterococcus faecium (n = 105), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (n = 40) and Enterococcus durans (n = 8). Using polymerase chain reaction, the isolates were examined for the presence of 10 aminoglycoside resistance genes [ant(6)-Ia, ant(9)-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, aph(2 double prime )-Ib, aph(2 double prime )-Ic, aph(2 double prime )-Id, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2 double prime )-Ia, and aac(6')-Ii ]. Five aminoglycoside resistance genes were detected, most frequently aac(6')-Ii and ant(6)-Ia from E. faecium. Seven E. faecalis isolates resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin, or streptomycin were negative for all genes tested, indicating that additional resistance genes may exist. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates were genetically different with little clonality. These data indicate that enterococci from poultry are diverse and contain potentially unidentified aminoglycoside resistance genes.Original Abstract: Correlacion genetica de cepas de enterococos que presentan niveles altos de resistencia contra aminoglicosidos, aislados a partir de canales de pollos. double prime proximadamente el 46% (75/162) de las cepas de enterococos aisladas en pollos en los anos 1999 y 2000 presentaron niveles altos de resistencia contra gentamicina (dosis inhibitoria minima greater than or equal to 500 mu g/ml), kanamicina (dosis inhibitoria minima greater than or equal to 500 mu g/ml) o estreptomicina (dosis inhibitoria minima greater than or equal to 1000 mu g/ml). Cuarenta por ciento de los aislados fueron resistentes a kanamicina (n = 67), mientras que 23% y 19% fueron resistentes a gentamicina (n = 37) y estreptomicina (n = 105), respectivamente. La especie predominante entre las cepas aisladas fue el Enterococcus faecium (n = 105), seguida por el Enterococcus faecalis (n = 40) y el Enterococcus durans (n = 8). Se examinaron las cepas aisladas mediante la prueba de reaccion en cadena por la polimerasa (PCR) con el fin de determinar la presencia de 10 genes de resistencia contra aminoglicosidos [ant(6)-Ia, ant(9)-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, aph(2 double prime )-Ib, aph(2 double prime )Ic, aph(2 double prime )-Id, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2 double prime )-Ia, y aac(6')-Ii ]. Se detectaron 5 genes de resistencia a aminoglicosidos, los mas frecuentes fueron el aac(6')-Ii, y el ant(6)-Ia, detectados en E. faecium. Siete de los aislados de E. faecalis resistentes a gentamicina, kanamicina o estreptomicina fueron negativos por PCR a la presencia de los genes de resistencia evaluados, lo cual indica que posiblemente existen otros genes de resistencia. El analisis filogenetico de los aislados demostro que los mismos eran geneticamente diferentes. Estos resultados indican que las cepas de enterococos aisladas presentes en pollos son diversas y contienen genes de resistencias contra aminoglicosidos potencialmente no identificados. JF - Avian Diseases AU - Jackson, C R AU - Fedorka-Cray, P J AU - Barrett, J B AU - Ladely AD - Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 100 EP - 107 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - gentamycin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genetic relationship KW - Poultry KW - Enterococcus faecalis KW - Kanamycin KW - Streptomycin KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Aminoglycoside antibiotics KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Enterococcus durans KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19262059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Genetic+Relatedness+of+High-Level+Aminoglycoside-Resistant+Enterococci+Isolated+from+Poultry+Carcasses&rft.au=Jackson%2C+C+R%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P+J%3BBarrett%2C+J+B%3BLadely&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282004%29048%280100%3AGROHAE%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=48&page=100 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus durans; Antibiotic resistance; Kanamycin; Streptomycin; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Poultry; Genetic relationship; Aminoglycoside antibiotics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2004)048(0100:GROHAE)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen Consumption During the Life Cycles of the Prepupa-Wintering Bee Megachile Rotundata and the Adult-Wintering Bee Osmia Lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) AN - 19261759; 5852577 AB - We studied the oxygen consumption of two megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), Megachile rotundata (F.) and Osmia lignaria Say, at selected, biologically relevant intervals throughout their respective life cycles. The U-shaped oxygen consumption curve and the static weights of wintering (nonfeeding) prepupae that we observed during the life cycle of M. rotundata support previous arguments for a winter diapause similar to that observed in other Hymenoptera. For O. lignaria , which overwinters as an adult, we found stepwise increases in oxygen consumption and continuous weight loss throughout the wintering period. However, our observations on adult O. lignaria wintering requirements are consistent with the previously published results for overwintering M. rotundata prepupae and reveal sharply increasing survival rates when wintered for a minimum of 3 mo. We interpret the greatly reduced survival in both M. rotundata and O. lignaria , as an indication that a critical biological process, diapause, is disrupted among individuals wintered for <3 mo. In the continued development of these two species as commercial scale pollinators on an ever-increasing list of target crops, any similarities or contrasts observed between the 'summer bee,' M. rotundata , and the 'spring bee,' O. lignaria , although of interest from a biological perspective, will probably have important implications in the continued development of sustainable population management protocols. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Kemp, W P AU - Bosch, J AU - Dennis, B AD - USDA-ARS, Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5310 Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 161 EP - 170 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Leafcutting bees KW - Alfalfa leafcutting bee KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Pollination KW - Oxygen consumption KW - Overwintering KW - Life cycle KW - Megachilidae KW - Megachile rotundata KW - Commercial species KW - Osmia lignaria KW - Z 05205:Populations & general ecology KW - D 04659:Insects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19261759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Oxygen+Consumption+During+the+Life+Cycles+of+the+Prepupa-Wintering+Bee+Megachile+Rotundata+and+the+Adult-Wintering+Bee+Osmia+Lignaria+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Megachilidae%29&rft.au=Kemp%2C+W+P%3BBosch%2C+J%3BDennis%2C+B&rft.aulast=Kemp&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%29097%280161%3AOCDTLC%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=161 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Megachilidae; Megachile rotundata; Osmia lignaria; Oxygen consumption; Life cycle; Overwintering; Commercial species; Pollination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097(0161:OCDTLC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow of Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Protein Among Colonies of Polygyne Red Imported Fire Ants, Solenopsis Invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) AN - 19260542; 5852569 AB - This research quantified food collection of three nutritionally important foods (carbohydrates, protein, and lipids) by several neighboring polygyne red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, colonies. Six rare earth elements (samarium, rubidium, ytterbium, europium, neodymium, and lanthanum) were mixed with protein (tuna packed in water), carbohydrate (60% solution of glucose, sucrose, fructose, and water), and lipid baits (peanut oil) to track food collection by colonies. Food collection among six neighboring colonies was quantified in each of 14 plots for a total of 84 colonies. A uniquely labeled food type (1.5 g) was placed within 20 cm of each colony. Two replicates of each food type were used in each plot. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was used to quantify the type and amount ( mu g) of rare earth elements found in samples of both workers and larvae from colonies 12 h after foraging on baits. Multiple regression results showed that distance to food sources was the most significant independent variable in determining the distribution of food resources among colonies. Food type interacted significantly with life stage (worker or larvae) and the distance colonies harvested food baits. Significantly more protein was detected in larvae compared with lipids and carbohydrates and at farther distances from baits. In contrast, workers collected significantly more carbohydrates from farther distances than lipids and protein. Results indicate that patterns of food flow among neighboring polygyne red imported fire ant colonies are largely determined by the distance between colonies, food resources, and the type of food being collected. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Weeks, R D AU - Wilson, L T AU - Vinson, S B AU - James, W D AD - Current address: USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, 3505 25th Ave., Gulfport, MS 39501 (Ron.D, Weeks@APHIS.USDA.GOV Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 105 EP - 110 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Ants KW - Red imported fire ant KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Lipids KW - Formicidae KW - Food selection KW - Solenopsis invicta KW - Colonies KW - Proteins KW - Carbohydrates KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19260542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Flow+of+Carbohydrates%2C+Lipids%2C+and+Protein+Among+Colonies+of+Polygyne+Red+Imported+Fire+Ants%2C+Solenopsis+Invicta+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Formicidae%29&rft.au=Weeks%2C+R+D%3BWilson%2C+L+T%3BVinson%2C+S+B%3BJames%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%29097%280105%3AFOCLAP%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=105 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Formicidae; Solenopsis invicta; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Proteins; Food selection; Colonies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097(0105:FOCLAP)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Prior Coinfection with Different Salmonella Serovars on the Progression of a Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis Infection in Hens Undergoing Induced Molt AN - 19260386; 5852432 AB - Four trials were conducted to evaluate whether prior infection with Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) or Salmonella enterica serovar muenchen (S. muenchen) would modify the severity or the transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (S. enteritidis) challenge in hens undergoing molt via feed withdrawal. Hens were separated into two groups where one group received a prior S. typhimurium or S. muenchen infection, whereas the other group remained untreated until S. enteritidis challenge. In trials 1 and 2, one group of hens was infected with S. typhimurium 5 days prior to feed withdrawal. Both groups of hens were then challenged with S. enteritidis on day 4 post feed withdrawal. In trials 3 and 4, one group of hens received S. typhimurium or S. muenchen, respectively, 1 day after feed was withdrawn. Transmission of S. enteritidis was evaluated by challenging the center hen in rows of 11 hens per row with S. enteritidis at 4 days post feed withdrawal and following the progression of the S. enteritidis down the row of hens over time. In trials 1and 2, where hens received S. typhimurium 5 days prior to feed withdrawal, shedding of the S. enteritidis challenge was significantly reduced in hens on day 10 postchallenge in trial 1 and on days 3 and 10 postchallenge in trial 2 compared with the hens subjected only to the molt procedure. Significantly fewer S. enteritidis were recovered in livers and spleens at day 9 postchallenge in trial 2 from hens receiving the prior S. typhimurium infection. In trial 3, where hens received S. typhimurium 1 day after feed withdrawal, S. enteritidis transmission was significantly reduced in these hens on days 3, 10, and 24 postchallenge. In trial 4, similar in methodology to trial 3 except that, rather than S. typhimurium, hens received S. muenchen, a Salmonella organism totally lacking any antigen cross-reactive with S. enteritidis, S. enteritidis transmission was significantly reduced on days 3, 10, 17, and 24 postchallenge, suggesting that factors other than specific immunity were involved in the observed resistance to S. enteritidis infection. These results indicate that prior infection of a flock with a non-S. enteritidis paratyphoid Salmonella can reduce S. enteritidis problems that may occur during a molt.Original Abstract: Efectos de una infeccion previa con diferentes serovares de Salmonella sobre la progresion de una infeccion por Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis en ponedoras bajo muda inducida. capital sigma e realizaron 4 ensayos para evaluar si la infeccion anterior con Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium o S. muenchen podria modificar la severidad al desafio o de la transmision de la S. enterica serovar enteritidis en ponedoras en periodo de muda inducida mediante el retiro del alimento. Se separaron las ponedoras en dos grupos, uno de ellos infectado con S. typhimurium o S. muenchen, mientras el otro no fue infectado hasta el desafio con S. enteritidis. En los ensayos 1 y 2, se infecto un grupo con S. typhimurium 5 dias antes del retiro del alimento y se desafiaron ambos grupos con S. enteritidis al dia 4 posterior al retiro del alimento. En los ensayos 3 y 4, se infecto un grupo de ponedoras con S. typhimurium o S. muenchen, respectivamente, un dia despues del retiro del alimento. Se evaluo la transmision de S. enteritidis desafiando con S. enteritidis a la ponedora localizada en el centro de la fila compuesta por 11 ponedoras a los 4 dias posteriores al retiro del alimento siguiendo el curso de la infeccion. En los ensayos 1 y 2, en los cuales las ponedoras fueron infectadas con S. typhimurium a los 5 dias posteriores al retiro del alimento, se observo una reduccion significativa en la eliminacion de la S. enteritidis de desafio a los 10 dias posterior al desafio en el ensayo 1 y a los 3 y 10 dias posteriores al desafio en el ensayo 2, al ser comparado con las ponedoras en muda no infectadas. En el ensayo 2, se reaislo un numero significativamente menor de S. enteritidis en los higados y los bazos a los 9 dias posteriores al desafio a partir de las ponedoras que fueron infectadas anteriormente con S. typhimurium. En el ensayo 3, en el cual las ponedoras fueron infectadas con S. typhimurium un dia despues del retiro del alimento, se redujo significativamente la transmision de S. enteritidis en las ponedoras a los 3, 10 y 24 dias posteriores al desafio. En el ensayo 4, similar al ensayo 3 pero infectando las ponedoras con S. muenchen, un organismo carente de antigenos de reaccion cruzada con la S. enteritidis, se observo una disminucion significativa en la transmision de S. enteritidis a los 3, 10, 17 y 24 dias posteriores al desafio, sugiriendo que otros factores diferentes a la inmunidad especifica se encuentran involucrados en la resistencia observada a la infeccion por S. enteritidis. Los resultados indican que la infeccion anterior de un lote con una Salmonella diferente a la S. enteritidis paratifoide puede reducir los problemas asociados con la S. enteritidis que puedan ocurrir durante el periodo de muda. double prime bbreviations; BGNN = brilliant green agar containing nalidix acid and novobiocin; CFU = colony-forming units JF - Avian Diseases AU - Holt, P S AU - Gast, R K AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 160 EP - 166 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - chickens KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Liver KW - Spleen KW - Molting KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19260386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Prior+Coinfection+with+Different+Salmonella+Serovars+on+the+Progression+of+a+Salmonella+enterica+serovar+enteritidis+Infection+in+Hens+Undergoing+Induced+Molt&rft.au=Holt%2C+P+S%3BGast%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282004%29048%280160%3AEOPCWD%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0005-2086&volume=48&page=160 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Salmonella enteritidis; Liver; Spleen; Molting DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2004)048(0160:EOPCWD)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Swarming Behavior of Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Southeastern Louisiana AN - 19257597; 5852570 AB - Reproductive swarming phenology, swarm sizes, and cavity selection were studied in a European-derived population of Apis mellifera L. in southeastern Louisiana before and immediately after the initial detection in 1992 of Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Acari: Varroidae). Frequency of swarms was highest between early April and early May in each of 6 yr. Swarm weight averaged 1.42 kg (range 0.17-4.30 kg) and did not change significantly the year after detection of V. destructor . Swarms spent an average of approximately 20 daylight hours scouting for a new nest-site from a temporary location and moved more frequently to cavities of 30-liter than to those of 13-liter volume. Swarms were random in direction of movement. Dance tempos at the time of swarm departure indicated movement to cavities at distances from 200 m to approximately 10 km. The genetic composition of this honey bee population is likely to change after natural and artificial selection for resistance to new parasites, such as V. destructor and Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), and as Africanized bees expand their range. Swarming characteristics are also likely to change both from direct effects of parasites on colony reproduction, and by changes toward bee populations with differing life histories. JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America AU - Villa, J D AD - Honey-Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 1157 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70820-5502 Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 111 EP - 116 PB - Entomological Society of America VL - 97 IS - 1 SN - 0013-8746, 0013-8746 KW - Hymenoptera KW - Bumble bees KW - Honey bee KW - Honeybee mite KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Animal Behavior Abstracts KW - Apis mellifera KW - Varroa destructor KW - Phenology KW - Varroidae KW - Swarming behavior KW - Host-parasite interactions KW - Apidae KW - Life history KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Y 25423:Insects KW - Z 05192:Reproductive behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19257597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Swarming+Behavior+of+Honey+Bees+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Apidae%29+in+Southeastern+Louisiana&rft.au=Villa%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Villa&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+Entomological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00138746&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0013-8746%282004%29097%280111%3ASBOHBH%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0013-8746&volume=97&page=111 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Apidae; Apis mellifera; Varroidae; Varroa destructor; Life history; Swarming behavior; Phenology; Host-parasite interactions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0013-8746(2004)097(0111:SBOHBH)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression and Immunogenicity of Proteins Encoded by Sequences Specific to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis AN - 19237042; 5810707 AB - The development of immunoassays specific for the diagnosis of Johne's disease in cattle requires antigens specific to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. However, because of genetic similarity to other mycobacteria comprising the M. avium complex, no such antigens have been found. Through a comparative genomics approach, 21 potential coding sequences of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis that are not represented in any other mycobacterial species tested (n = 9) were previously identified. Here we describe the cloning, heterologous expression, and antigenic analysis of these M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific sequences in Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequences representing each unique predicted coding region were amplified and cloned into two different E. coli expression vectors encoding polyhistidine or maltose binding protein (MBP) affinity purification tags. All 21 of the MBP fusion proteins were successfully purified under denaturing conditions and were evaluated in immunoblotting studies with sera from rabbits and mice immunized with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. These studies showed that 5 of the 21 gene products are produced by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and are antigenic. Immunoblot analysis with a panel of sera from 9 healthy cattle and 10 cattle with clinical disease shows that the same five M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins are also detected within the context of infection. Collectively, these studies have used a genomic approach to identify novel M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens that are not present in any other mycobacteria. These findings may have a major impact on improved diagnostics for Johne's disease. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Bannantine, J P AU - Hansen, J K AU - Paustian, M L AU - Amonsin, A AU - Li, L L AU - Stabel, J R AU - Kapur, V AD - National Animal Disease Center, ARS: USDA, 2300 North Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 106 EP - 114 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - cattle KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Gene expression KW - Immunoblotting KW - Antigens KW - Mycobacterium avium KW - Genetic analysis KW - Paratuberculosis KW - Fusion protein KW - Immunoassays KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19237042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Expression+and+Immunogenicity+of+Proteins+Encoded+by+Sequences+Specific+to+Mycobacterium+avium+subsp.+paratuberculosis&rft.au=Bannantine%2C+J+P%3BHansen%2C+J+K%3BPaustian%2C+M+L%3BAmonsin%2C+A%3BLi%2C+L+L%3BStabel%2C+J+R%3BKapur%2C+V&rft.aulast=Bannantine&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.1.106-114.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Immunoblotting; Antigens; Paratuberculosis; Genetic analysis; Fusion protein; Immunoassays; Mycobacterium avium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.1.106-114.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycobacterium bovis infection of vitamin D-deficient NOS2 super(-/-) mice AN - 19220697; 5783955 AB - Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk for tuberculosis infection. Studies using in vitro systems indicate that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [i.e. 1,25(OH)2D3], the most active form of the vitamin, enhances mycobacterial killing by increasing nitric oxide (NO) production. To evaluate concurrently the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 and NO on the host response to tuberculosis infection, mice deficient in NO synthase 2 (NOS2 super(-/-)) and/or vitamin D were aerosol-challenged with Mycobacterium bovis and subsequently evaluated for mycobacterial colonization and lesion formation. Infected NOS2 super(-/-) mice developed severe necrotizing pyogranulomatous inflammation of the lungs with heavy M. bovis colonization and systemic dissemination of the bacillus. Colonization and lung lesion area of NOS2 super(-/-) mice exceeded that of NOS2 super(+/+) mice. Additionally, disease progression was more rapid in NOS2 super(-/-) mice than in NOS2 super(+/+) mice. Lung colonization and lesion area of vitamin D deficient mice exceeded that of vitamin D replete mice, regardless of NOS2 phenotype. However, effects of vitamin D on colonization, but not lesion area, were more pronounced in NOS2 super(+/+) mice than in NOS2 super(-/-) mice. These findings are consistent with the current hypothesis that 1,25(OH)2D3 enhances mycobacterial killing through a NO-dependent mechanism. As responses of NOS2 super(-/-) mice were affected by 1,25(OH)2D3 deficiency, albeit to a lesser extent than were those of NOS2 super(+/+) mice, NO-independent actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 also likely exist. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Waters, W R AU - Palmer, M V AU - Nonnecke, B J AU - Whipple, D L AU - Horst, R L AD - Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010-0070, USA, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 11 EP - 17 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Nitric-oxide synthase KW - Vitamin D KW - Lung KW - Animal models KW - Tuberculosis KW - Nitric oxide KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Inflammation KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19220697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Mycobacterium+bovis+infection+of+vitamin+D-deficient+NOS2+super%28-%2F-%29+mice&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BNonnecke%2C+B+J%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BHorst%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.micpath.2003.08.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Vitamin D; Nitric oxide; Tuberculosis; Nitric-oxide synthase; Animal models; Inflammation; Lung DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2003.08.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considering the complexity of microbial community dynamics in food safety risk assessment AN - 19190485; 5794101 AB - The potential for competitive inhibition to limit the growth of microbial pathogens in food raises questions about the external validity of typical predictive microbiology studies and suggests the need to consider microbial community dynamics in food safety risk assessment. Ecological theory indicates, however, that community dynamics are highly complex and may be very sensitive to initial conditions and random variation. Seemingly incongruous empirical results for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef are shown to be consistent with a simple theoretical model of interspecific competition. A potential means of incorporating community-level microbial dynamics into the food safety risk assessment process is explored. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Powell, M AU - Schlosser, W AU - Ebel, E AD - US Department of Agriculture, Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis, 1400 Independence Ave. SW, 5248 S. Ag. Bldg. Washington, DC 20250, USA, mpowell@oce.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 171 EP - 179 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - inhibition KW - meat KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Risk assessment KW - Microbial contamination KW - Inhibition KW - Food contamination KW - Meat KW - Escherichia coli KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19190485?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Considering+the+complexity+of+microbial+community+dynamics+in+food+safety+risk+assessment&rft.au=Powell%2C+M%3BSchlosser%2C+W%3BEbel%2C+E&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1605%2803%2900106-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Food contamination; Microbial contamination; Risk assessment; Inhibition; Meat DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00106-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenolic and heterocyclic metabolite profiles of the grapevine pathogen Eutypa lata AN - 18806174; 5696174 AB - The ascomycete Eutypa lata is the causative agent of eutypa dieback in grapevines, a serious economic problem in major wine grape producing areas. In order to develop a predictive, non-destructive assay for early detection of fungal infection, the phenolic metabolite profiles of 11 strains of E. lata grown on four different artificial growth media were analyzed by HPLC and their variability compared with growth on Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine wood and wood extracts. Six compounds were generally produced in significant amounts, namely eutypinol, eulatachromene, and eutypine and its benzofuran cyclization product, together with siccayne and eulatinol. The two most widely distributed and abundant metabolites were eutypinol and eulatachromene, which were present in 8 of the strains grown on grapewood aqueous extract fortified with sucrose. Metabolite production on grapevine extract was greatly enhanced relative to the artificial media, indicating that this native substrate provides optimal conditions and a more representative profile of the metabolites produced in the natural disease state. The primary metabolites were tested in a grapeleaf disc bioassay to establish their relative toxicity. Neither eutypinol nor siccayne were phytotoxic; eulatachromene, eulatinol, eutypine, and the benzofuran exhibited necrotic effects in the bioassay. The results indicate that eutypa dieback may be caused by several E. lata metabolites rather than a single compound. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Mahoney, N AU - Lardner, R AU - Molyneux, R J AU - Scott, E S AU - Smith, L R AU - Schoch, T K AD - Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA, molyneux@pw.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 475 EP - 484 PB - Pergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Rd., Floor 2 Tarrytown NY 10591-5153 USA VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - eulatachromene KW - eulatinol KW - eutypine KW - eutypinol KW - siccayne KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant KW - A 01027:Fruit trees UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18806174?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Phenolic+and+heterocyclic+metabolite+profiles+of+the+grapevine+pathogen+Eutypa+lata&rft.au=Mahoney%2C+N%3BLardner%2C+R%3BMolyneux%2C+R+J%3BScott%2C+E+S%3BSmith%2C+L+R%3BSchoch%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Mahoney&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0031-9422%2803%2900337-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00337-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a Multiple-Species Approach to Monitoring Species at the Ecoregional Scale AN - 18065481; 5857607 AB - Monitoring is required of land managers and conservation practitioners to assess the success of management actions. "Shortcuts" are sought to reduce monitoring costs, most often consisting of the selection of a small number of species that are closely monitored to represent the status of many associated species and environmental correlates. Assumptions associated with such shortcuts have been challenged, yet alternative approaches remain scant. We evaluated an approach that departs significantly from the approach of selecting a few representative species. We explored two primary assertions: (1) that a coordinated multiple-species monitoring effort that collects presence-absence data on a broad range of species is a robust alternative to a few intensive single-species efforts, and (2) that the vertebrate species expected to be detected using this approach are numerous and diverse enough to represent all vertebrate species. We simulated monitoring the vertebrate species pool on an existing sample grid across the 7 million ha of public lands in the Sierra Nevada (USA) ecoregion. Based on the use of eight standard presence-absence protocols, we estimated the number of vertebrate species (excluding fish) with an adequate number of sample points within their range to detect greater than or equal to 20% relative change in the proportion of points with detections between two points in time. We estimated that adequate detections would be obtained for 76% of the 465 vertebrate species, including 83% of all birds, 76% of all mammals, 65% of all reptiles, and 44% of all amphibians. Detection adequacy varied among life-history and ecological groups, but >50% of the species were adequately detected in every group with the exception of three groups: rare species, endemic species, and species of concern (33%, 24%, and 47% of associated species adequately detected, respectively). A multiple-species monitoring approach represents an effective and feasible alternative to the challenges of large-scale monitoring needs by targeting the most basic of population data for a large number and breadth of species. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Manley, P N AU - Zielinski, W J AU - Schlesinger, MD AU - Mori AD - Pacific Southwest Station, USDA Forest Service, 2121 Second Street, Suite A-101, Davis, California 95616, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 296 EP - 310 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Amphibians KW - Birds KW - Mammals KW - Reptiles KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18065481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+Multiple-Species+Approach+to+Monitoring+Species+at+the+Ecoregional+Scale&rft.au=Manley%2C+P+N%3BZielinski%2C+W+J%3BSchlesinger%2C+MD%3BMori&rft.aulast=Manley&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do Tissue Carbon and Nitrogen Limit Population Growth of Weevils Introduced to Control Water hyacinth at a Site in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California? AN - 18052129; 5962526 AB - Waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), is a serious problem in the Sacramento Delta. Two weevil species (Neochetina bruchi Hustache and N. eichhorniae Warner) have been introduced as biological control agents. Factors such as weather, disease, predators, and plant quality affect growth and reproduction of insect herbivores. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that nitrogen (N) in the tissue of waterhyacinth was not sufficient to support weevil growth and reproduction. Waterhyacinth at a site in the Delta (Whiskey Slough) were sampled at 2- to 3-week intervals in 1995, 1996, and 1997. Lamina samples were analyzed for tissue C and N. Tissue C varied less than either tissue N or the C:N ratio. Tissue N was greatest in the leaf lamina, followed by stem bases, and leaf petioles. Lamina tissue N was higher in spring and somewhat reduced in late summer and winter. The lamina C:N ratio was generally <15 after mid-May. Comparing tissue N levels for Delta waterhyacinth with a previous study relating weevil growth to tissue N indicates that tissue N should not limit growth and reproduction of either weevil species during spring and summer. Because it grows better on plants with high N content and because it has a greater impact on the growth of high N plants, N. bruchi may be a more effective biological control agent in the Sacramento Delta. JF - Journal of Aquatic Plant Management AU - Spencer, D F AU - Ksander, G G AD - USDA-ARS Exotic & Invasive Weeds Research Unit, Robbins Hall, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 45 EP - 48 PB - Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc., PO Box 1477 Lehigh Acres FL 33970 USA VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0146-6623, 0146-6623 KW - Coleoptera KW - Water hyacinth KW - Weevils KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Entomology Abstracts KW - Freshwater KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - Q1 01485:Species interactions: pests and control KW - SW 2010:Control of water on the surface UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18052129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.atitle=Do+Tissue+Carbon+and+Nitrogen+Limit+Population+Growth+of+Weevils+Introduced+to+Control+Water+hyacinth+at+a+Site+in+the+Sacramento-San+Joaquin+Delta%2C+California%3F&rft.au=Spencer%2C+D+F%3BKsander%2C+G+G&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aquatic+Plant+Management&rft.issn=01466623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The application of depletion curves for parameterization of subgrid variability of snow AN - 18041466; 5912212 AB - Parameterization of subgrid-scale variability in snow accumulation and melt is important for improvements in distributed snowmelt modelling. We have taken the approach of using depletion curves that relate fractional snow-covered area to element-average snow water equivalent to parameterize the effect of snowpack heterogeneity within a physically based mass and energy balance snowpack model. Comparisons of parameterization outputs with distributed model outputs and observations show performance comparable to the distributed model and reasonable performance relative to observations for time series modelling of snow water equivalent and snow-covered area. Examination of the relationship between the shapes of the depletion curves and parametric distributions shows that the shapes of dimensionless depletion curves depend primarily on the coefficient of variation and to a lesser extent on the shape of the snow distribution function. The methods presented here are a generalization of several previously used methods to estimate depletion curve shapes. Comparison of several years of observed depletion curves from the study basin show that the shapes of the depletion curves change little from year to year. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Luce, Charles H AU - Tarboton, David G AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Boise, ID 83702, USA, cluce@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1409 EP - 1422 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 18 IS - 8 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Snowpack KW - Variability KW - Snow KW - Depletion KW - Snow cover distribution KW - Snow accumulation KW - Time series analysis KW - Snow cover KW - Model Studies KW - Shape KW - Performance Evaluation KW - Energy balance KW - Snow cover water equivalent KW - Energy KW - Distribution KW - Snowmelt KW - Snow Accumulation KW - Heterogeneity KW - Snowmelt models KW - M2 551.501:Methods of Observation/Computations (551.501) KW - SW 0820:Snow, ice and frost KW - M2 551.578.4:Crystalline (551.578.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18041466?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Collegian+%28Royal+College+of+Nursing%2C+Australia%29&rft.atitle=The+rate+and+cost+of+nurse+turnover+in+Australia.&rft.au=Roche%2C+Michael+A%3BDuffield%2C+Christine+M%3BHomer%2C+Caroline%3BBuchan%2C+James%3BDimitrelis%2C+Sofia&rft.aulast=Roche&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Collegian+%28Royal+College+of+Nursing%2C+Australia%29&rft.issn=13227696&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Depletion; Snow; Model Studies; Shape; Variability; Snowpack; Distribution; Performance Evaluation; Heterogeneity; Snow Accumulation; Snowmelt; Energy; Snow cover water equivalent; Snow cover; Time series analysis; Energy balance; Snow cover distribution; Snowmelt models; Snow accumulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1420 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species, Rotation, and Life-Form Diversity Effects on Soil Carbon in Experimental Tropical Ecosystems AN - 18036494; 5857257 AB - Extensive areas of species-rich forests in the tropics have been replaced by tree monocultures over the last two decades, and the impact on biogeochemical cycles is unclear. We characterized effects on soil carbon dynamics of species identity and rotation frequency in experimental plantations containing three native, non-N-fixing tree species, Hyeronima alchoreoides, Cedrela odorata, and Cordia alliodora, grown in monocultures and in polycultures with two monocot species, Euterpe oleracea and Heliconia imbricata. Over all treatments, change in total soil organic carbon (TSOC, 0-15 cm) after 10 years ranged from a loss of 24% (0.9 mg/ha in 1-yr rotation of Cedrela) to an increase of 14% (0.6 mg/ha under Hyeronima polycultures). Species differed in their effects on quantities of TSOC (P = 0.038), but differences were more pronounced in light particulate organic matter (LPOM; P = 0.001), a biologically active, sand-size soil fraction that constituted 6% of TSOC. Effects of rotation frequency were strong; in Cedrela and Cordia, the 4-yr rotations had higher soil C stocks than did long-term monocultures, where soil C stocks had declined under 10-yr-old trees. Under Cedrela and Cordia, polycultures had significantly higher stocks of soil C than monocultures, whereas soil C stocks were high under Hyeronima in both cultures. In polycultures, Hyeronima dominated detrital inputs, contributing 88% of litterfall and fine-root growth, whereas Cedrela and Cordia contributed <34%. Root C:N ratio and fine-root growth accounted for most of the variability in changes in soil C stocks after 10 years in long-term rotations (partial R super(2) = 0.70 and 0.14, respectively). These data suggested that roots drove soil C accrual in long-term rotations, and that mechanisms involving root chemistry, and not quantity of detrital inputs, best explained effects of species on soil C sequestration. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Russell, A E AU - Cambardella, CA AU - Ewel, J J AU - Parkin, T B AD - USDA-ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory, 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 47 EP - 60 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Spanish cedar KW - Cypre KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Carbon cycle in soil KW - Biogeochemical cycles KW - Cordia alliodora KW - Plantations KW - Soil nutrients KW - Tropical forests KW - Tropical environment KW - Euterpe oleracea KW - Cedrela odorata KW - Heliconia imbricate KW - Hyeronima alchoreoides KW - D 04700:Management KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18036494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Species%2C+Rotation%2C+and+Life-Form+Diversity+Effects+on+Soil+Carbon+in+Experimental+Tropical+Ecosystems&rft.au=Russell%2C+A+E%3BCambardella%2C+CA%3BEwel%2C+J+J%3BParkin%2C+T+B&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hyeronima alchoreoides; Cedrela odorata; Cordia alliodora; Euterpe oleracea; Heliconia imbricate; Soil nutrients; Tropical environment; Plantations; Biogeochemical cycles; Carbon cycle in soil; Tropical forests; Ecosystems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The sorption of chlorotoluron in soils and its potential effect on groundwater quality TT - Sorpcia chlortoluronu v podach a jeho potencialny vplyv na kvalitu podzemnej vody AN - 18032102; 5931525 AB - Five soils from Slovakia (denoted ZH, ZHV, CH, CHN and PD) which differed with respect to organic matter and clay content, were selected for kinetic and equilibrium studies of chlorotoluron sorption. First- and second-order kinetic equations were used for description of differences in chlorotoluron sorption rates in studied soils. Chlorotoluron sorption rate could be better expressed by second-order kinetic equation. Comparing rate constant values of first-order sorption k sub(1) and initial sorption rate values v sub(0) of second-order, the same order in decrease of sorption rate was obtained: v(ZHV) >v(CHN) >v(ZH) >v(CH) >v(PD). The experimental sorption isotherms fitted very well with the Freundlich and the Henry's (linear) isotherm. Freundlich coefficients K sub(F) for ZH, ZHV, PD, CHN and CH soils were 10.96, 8.21, 6.36, 6.58 and 6.63 mu g g super(-1) (cm super(3) mu g super(-1)) super(N), respectively. K sub(D) values for chlorotoluron sorption by ZH, ZHV, PD, CHN and CH soils were 16.62, 14.91, 10.39, 9.6 and 7.36 cm super(3) g super(-1), respectively. Sorption increased with increasing clay content (<0.002 mm (%), R super(2) = 0.855) and organic carbon content (C sub(ox) [%], R super(2) = 0.703). Results of laboratory trials suggested that studied agricultural soils served as a relatively efficient purifying filters through the sorption in soils. Therefore, extensive penetration of chlorotoluron into the groundwater shouldn't be very high. JF - Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics/Vodohospodarsky Casopis AU - Hiller, E AU - Kutnik, P AD - Prirodovedecka fakulta, katedra geochemie, Univerzita Komenskeho, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovenska republika, hiller@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 41 EP - 51 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 0042-790X, 0042-790X KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Soil pollution KW - Sorption KW - Slovakia KW - Chemistry of groundwater KW - Organic Matter KW - Soil Contamination KW - Groundwater quality KW - Water Quality KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Soil Properties KW - M2 556.38:Groundwater Basins (556.38) KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18032102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology+and+Hydromechanics%2FVodohospodarsky+Casopis&rft.atitle=The+sorption+of+chlorotoluron+in+soils+and+its+potential+effect+on+groundwater+quality&rft.au=Hiller%2C+E%3BKutnik%2C+P&rft.aulast=Hiller&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology+and+Hydromechanics%2FVodohospodarsky+Casopis&rft.issn=0042790X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Slovakia; Groundwater Pollution; Soil Contamination; Sorption; Organic Matter; Soil Properties; Water Quality; Groundwater quality; Chemistry of groundwater; Soil pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A survey of methods for setting minimum instream flow standards in the Caribbean basin AN - 18027290; 5845944 AB - To evaluate the current status of instream flow practices in streams that drain into the Caribbean Basin, a voluntary survey of practising water resource managers was conducted. Responses were received from 70% of the potential continental countries, 100% of the islands in the Greater Antilles, and 56% of all the Caribbean island nations. Respondents identified 'effluent discharges', 'downstream water quality' and 'existing extraction permits' to be the most common sources of instream flow conflicts. In 75% of the countries, some type of 'formal procedures' exist for reviewing permit applications for freshwater extraction. In 82% of the countries, effluent discharge permits state the amount of effluent that can be discharged into a water body while only 69% require that surface water extraction permits explicitly state the quantity of water that can be extracted. In setting instream flow requirements, record low flow is used over 83% of the time. Freshwater fish were identified as the most important aquatic organism but no country 'always' considers the ecology or habitat requirements of aquatic species in their instream flow determinations and nearly 70% of the respondents indicated that multivariate, ecological-based methods are 'never' used in their country. Survey responses also indicate there is a notable lack of public involvement during the issuing of water permits. Moreover, over 80% of the countries do not provide public announcements or hearings during the permit process. In summary, this survey indicates that while there is a widespread recognition of the need for instream flows, there is a general lack of regionally based information and public involvement regarding stream flow determination. JF - River Research and Applications AU - Scatena, F N AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00928, USA, fns@sas.upenn.edu Y1 - 2004///0, PY - 2004 DA - 0, 2004 SP - 127 EP - 135 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk] VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 1535-1459, 1535-1459 KW - Caribbean KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - rivers KW - instream flow methodologies KW - Greater Antilles KW - Water resources KW - Freshwater KW - Water Resources Management KW - Ecological Effects KW - Freshwater fish KW - Water quality KW - Instream Flow KW - Public Participation KW - Disputes KW - Rivers KW - Water Allocation KW - Inflow KW - River discharge KW - Surveys KW - Streamflow KW - Effluents KW - Stream flow KW - Methodology KW - Water management KW - Water Permits KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q1 08381:General KW - SW 4070:Ecological impact of water development KW - Q2 09171:Dynamics of lakes and rivers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18027290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=River+Research+and+Applications&rft.atitle=A+survey+of+methods+for+setting+minimum+instream+flow+standards+in+the+Caribbean+basin&rft.au=Scatena%2C+F+N&rft.aulast=Scatena&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=River+Research+and+Applications&rft.issn=15351459&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Frra.738 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Water management; Inflow; River discharge; Surveys; Water resources; Disputes; Water quality; Freshwater fish; Effluents; Methodology; Stream flow; Water Allocation; Water Permits; Streamflow; Public Participation; Ecological Effects; Water Resources Management; Instream Flow; Greater Antilles; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.738 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima and C. pepo), a new host of Beet pseudo yellows virus in California AN - 17997750; 5935949 AB - In the summer of 2002, pumpkin plants (Cucurbita pepo L. and C. maxima Duchesne) with extensive leaf chlorosis similar to those observed in crinivirus infections were found in fields at two locations in Monterey County, California. Leaves of diseased plants were observed to have large populations of the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) present. Double-stranded RNA was extracted from symptomatic leaves of these plants and tested by northern hybridization for numerous criniviruses. A positive signal was identified exclusively with probes against the HSP70h gene of Beet pseudo yellows virus (BPYV) and confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of a 335-nucleotide section of the BPYV minor coat protein (CPm) gene (3). Similar symptoms were observed in additional fields in 2003, and BPYV was again confirmed. In addition, the CPm RT-PCR product was cloned into a TOPO pCR2 vector (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and sequenced. BLAST analysis of the cloned CPm RT-PCR product sequence corresponded to the published sequence of the CPm gene of BPYV (98%) (3) and Cucumber yellows virus (CuYV), a recently sequenced crinivirus considered to be a strain of BPYV (97%) (2). Incidence of BPYV in pumpkin appears to be variable and probably corresponds to the incidence of viruliferous whiteflies. On the basis of foliar symptoms, BPYV incidence varied from less than 50% in these fields in 2002 to nearly 100% infection of a large commercial field in 2003. BPYV is transmitted semipersistently by the greenhouse whitefly and has an extensive host range (1). The virus causes economic losses worldwide for greenhouse vegetable production and is becoming an increasing problem for field crops in areas of high greenhouse whitefly incidence (3). The impact of BPYV on pumpkin production remains to be determined; however, grower data suggests an increased incidence of fruit abortion and a substantial decrease in fruit weight. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BPYV infecting pumpkin. JF - Plant Disease AU - Wintermantel, WM AD - USDA-ARS, 1636 E. Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 82 VL - 88 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - CPm gene KW - HSP70h gene KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Double-stranded KW - RNA KW - Genotyping KW - Beet pseudoyellows virus KW - USA, California KW - Hybridization analysis KW - Cucurbita maxima KW - Cucurbita pepo KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17997750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Nursing+Studies&rft.atitle=Nurse+turnover%3A+A+literature+review+--+An+update&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Laureen+J%3BO%27Brien-Pallas%2C+Linda%3BDuffield%2C+Christine%3BShamian%2C+Judith%3BBuchan%2C+James%3BHughes%2C+Frances%3BLaschinger%2C+Heather+K.+Spence%3BNorth%2C+Nicola&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Laureen&rft.date=2012-07-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=887&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Nursing+Studies&rft.issn=00207489&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijnurstu.2011.10.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Double-stranded; Plant diseases; RNA; Genotyping; Hybridization analysis; Beet pseudoyellows virus; Cucurbita pepo; Cucurbita maxima; USA, California ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First report of onion rust caused by Puccinia allii on Allium pskemense and A. altaicum AN - 17996394; 5935956 AB - In June 2003, uredinial and telial pustules were seen on leaves of accession W6-12755 Allium pskemense B. Fedtsch. originating from Uzbekistan and grown for germplasm increase in Pullman, WA. W6-18947 A. altaicum Pall., originating from Mongolia, displayed similar symptoms in the same garden in June 2000. A. altaicum is a wild onion exploited for food in its native range and is ancestral to A. fistulosum L., bunching onion (2). A. pskemense is a wild perennial sometimes propagated under cultivation (2). Both species have been exploited for research in breeding and systematics of Allium and used to a lesser degree in screening for pest or disease resistance. Clustered, golden orange, amphigenous uredinia were approximately 1 times 0.5 mm and surrounded by stromatic, subepidermal, blackish telia of variable size. Urediniospores (thick-walled, pale orange, echinulate, (25-) 27 to 32 (-34) times (19-) 21 to 25 mu m, with as many as 10 scattered, indistinct pores), teliospores (two-celled, smooth, golden brown, 42 to 65 times 18 to 26 mu m), and mesospores (27 to 42 times 15 to 21 mu m, and approximately 30% as frequent as teliospores) all approximated the description for P. allii Rudolphi (4), but were more strongly congruent with the description of Puccinia blasdalei Diet. & Holw. (1), now considered a synonym (4). Specimens are deposited with WSP, Washington State University. Pullman. P. allii or its synonyms have been recorded from over 30 species of Allium (1,3,4), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of this rust on A. pskemense or A. altaicum. JF - Plant Disease AU - Lupien, S L AU - Hellier, B C AU - Dugan, F M AD - USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman 99164 Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 83 VL - 88 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Etiology KW - Plant diseases KW - Phenotypes KW - Rust KW - Allium altaicum KW - Puccinia allii KW - Allium pskemense KW - Teliospores KW - A 01028:Others KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17996394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=First+report+of+onion+rust+caused+by+Puccinia+allii+on+Allium+pskemense+and+A.+altaicum&rft.au=Lupien%2C+S+L%3BHellier%2C+B+C%3BDugan%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=Lupien&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puccinia allii; Allium pskemense; Allium altaicum; Plant diseases; Rust; Teliospores; Phenotypes; Etiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Label and Sublabel Rates of Metam Sodium in Combination with Trichoderma hamatum, T. harzianum, T. virens, T. viride on Survival and Growth of Rhizoctonia solani AN - 17995528; 5941364 AB - This work was undertaken to determine the effects of Trichoderma spp. combined with label and sublabel rates of metam sodium on survival of Rhizoctonia solani in soil. Soils were infested with wheat bran preparations of Trichoderma hamatum Tri-4, T. harzianum Th-58, T. virens G1-3, and T. viride Ts-1-R3. Soil was also infested with sterile beet seeds that were colonized with R. solani. Beet seeds were later recovered, plated onto water agar plus antibiotics, and the growth of R. solani was recorded. Preliminary experiments showed that T. hamatum and T. virens reduced survival and saprophytic activity of R. solani when the biocontrol fungi were incorporated into soil at 1.5% (w:w) or greater. Based on these data, biocontrol fungi in subsequent experiments were incorporated into soil at 2%. Metam sodium at label rate killed all biocontrol fungi and R. solani. At 1:2 and 1:5 dilutions, metam sodium reduced survival of R. solani and all Trichoderma spp. When biocontrol fungi plus the label rate of metam sodium and 1:5, 1:10, 1:50 or 1:100 dilutions of the label rate were tested together, there were no interactions between any biocontrol agent and the fumigant with respect to colony diameter, reflecting that all Trichoderma isolates tested reacted similarly to increasing concentrations of metam sodium. At the label rate of metam sodium, all Trichoderma spp. significantly reduced colony diameter, but not growth rate, of R. solani from beet seed. For the levels of metam sodium tested in combination with Trichoderma, it does not appear feasible to use a reduced rate of metam sodium to control R. solani. However, the combination of Trichoderma with metam sodium does reduce growth of R. solani in comparison with that provided by metam sodium at the label rate. JF - Phytoparasitica AU - Fravel AU - Lewis, JA AD - Vegetable Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, fraveld@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 111 EP - 118 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0334-2123, 0334-2123 KW - Trichoderma virens KW - metam-sodium KW - wheat bran KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Biological control KW - Seeds KW - Fungi KW - Hypocrea virens KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - Trichoderma hamatum KW - Antibiotics KW - Soil KW - Colonization KW - Colonies KW - Trichoderma harzianum KW - Saprophytes KW - A 01055:Other soil treatments KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17995528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytoparasitica&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Label+and+Sublabel+Rates+of+Metam+Sodium+in+Combination+with+Trichoderma+hamatum%2C+T.+harzianum%2C+T.+virens%2C+T.+viride+on+Survival+and+Growth+of+Rhizoctonia+solani&rft.au=Fravel%3BLewis%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Fravel&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytoparasitica&rft.issn=03342123&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Soil; Colonization; Colonies; Seeds; Fungi; Antibiotics; Saprophytes; Rhizoctonia solani; Hypocrea virens; Trichoderma harzianum; Trichoderma hamatum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of detection methods for a novel tobamovirus isolated from Florida hibiscus AN - 17995460; 5935942 AB - A novel tobamovirus recently was isolated from hibiscus in Florida. Serological and molecular methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), dot-blot immunoassay (DBIA), tissue-blot immunoassay (TBIA), and immunocapture reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) were compared to evaluate their usefulness for diagnosis of this virus. Each method was tested with partially purified virus preparations and tissue samples from infected hibiscus and Chenopodium quinoa plants. Indirect ELISA was more sensitive than double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA with all samples tested. The Florida hibiscus virus was detectable in hibiscus leaves and bark up to 1:12,800 and 1:6,400 dilutions, respectively, by indirect ELISA and up to 1:3,200 and 1:400 dilutions by DAS-ELISA. End-point dilutions of partially purified virus preparations from indirect and DAS-ELISA were 4 and 31 ng/ml, respectively. Florida hibiscus virus was detected by DBIA in sap from hibiscus bark and leaves at dilutions up to 1:400 and 1:800, respectively, showing that DBIA was less sensitive than either ELISA method. The virus also was detected reliably by TBIA from leaves and bark of hibiscus plants. The most sensitive method was IC-RT-PCR, which could detect as little as 500 pg/ml of virus in partially purified preparations and was 16- and 32-fold more sensitive than DAS-ELISA with hibiscus bark and leaf extracts, respectively. Over 600 hibiscus samples were tested by various combinations of these methods to validate their usefulness. JF - Plant Disease AU - Kamenova, I AU - Adkins, S AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, SAdkins@ushrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 34 EP - 40 VL - 88 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Hibiscus KW - Plant diseases KW - USA, Florida KW - Reverse transcription KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Immunoassays KW - Tobamovirus KW - A 01028:Others KW - V 22181:Detection KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17995460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+detection+methods+for+a+novel+tobamovirus+isolated+from+Florida+hibiscus&rft.au=Kamenova%2C+I%3BAdkins%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kamenova&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hibiscus; Tobamovirus; USA, Florida; Plant diseases; Immunoassays; Reverse transcription; Polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soilborne oospores of Phytophthora infestans in central Mexico survive winter fallow and infect potato plants in the field AN - 17988886; 5935941 AB - Survival and infectivity of oospores in soils naturally infested with P. infestans oospores were studied in central Mexico. Sporangia were selectively eliminated from soil samples to determine infectivity attributable to the presence of oospores. Selective elimination of sporangia was achieved by two cycles of wetting and drying the soil. Oospore concentration, viability, and infectivity varied among soils collected during the winter fallow in different locations of central Mexico. In some soils, oospores were infective regardless of the time at which they were collected during the winter fallow. However, oospore viability and infectivity decreased following 2 years of intercropping. The number of stern lesions and initial disease severity were significantly higher in soils with moderate (20 to 39 oospores g super(-1) soil) oospore infestation compared with soils with low (0 to 19 oospores g super(-1) soil) infestation. Our study confirms that oospores can survive winter fallow and serve as a source of primary inoculum in the central highlands of Mexico. Oospore survival appeared lower in the Toluca Valley soil, which may be an indication of soil suppressiveness. JF - Plant Disease AU - Fernandez-Pavia, S P AU - Grunwald, N J AU - Diaz-Valasis, M AU - Cadena-Hinojosa, M AD - United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Prosser, WA 99350, ngrunwald@pars.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 29 EP - 33 VL - 88 IS - 1 SN - 0191-2917, 0191-2917 KW - Potato KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Oospores KW - Plant diseases KW - Phytophthora infestans KW - Overwintering KW - Soil KW - Mexico KW - Solanum tuberosum KW - A 01028:Others KW - A 01047:General KW - K 03089:Fungi: plant UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17988886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&rft.atitle=Soilborne+oospores+of+Phytophthora+infestans+in+central+Mexico+survive+winter+fallow+and+infect+potato+plants+in+the+field&rft.au=Fernandez-Pavia%2C+S+P%3BGrunwald%2C+N+J%3BDiaz-Valasis%2C+M%3BCadena-Hinojosa%2C+M&rft.aulast=Fernandez-Pavia&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Disease&rft.issn=01912917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solanum tuberosum; Phytophthora infestans; Mexico; Plant diseases; Soil; Oospores; Overwintering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbiological characterization of the soil influenced by the negative anthropization AN - 17985749; 5930928 AB - In the contribution we have dealt with a long-term negative influence on anthropogenic activities on microbial character of soil in the studied territory - Novaky region. The affected area belongs to region with the most important energetic raw in Slovakia, where one of the biggest fuel - energetic complex is build. The main environmental problems of the region are: the air contamination, the surface water contamination, and also the problematic of arsenic. The source of arsenic is the brown coal from Novaky mine. The samples for microbiological analysis were sampled from the Novaky mine - from the brown coal and mound in the depth 0-5 cm, 20-30 cm. The species from kind Aspergillus, Penicillium and Paecilomyces were dominant. Species Paecilomyces lilacinum and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis have the ability of methylation As from inorganic into the organic form. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Simonovicova, A AU - Krnacova, Z AU - Pavlickova, K AU - Benova, A AD - Comenius University, Faculty of natural Sciences, Department of Soil Sciences, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, asimonovicova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 71 EP - 79 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Ecology Abstracts KW - Paecilomyces lilacinus KW - Arsenic KW - Slovakia KW - Contamination KW - Penicillium KW - Fuels KW - Aspergillus KW - Mines KW - Soil KW - Soil pollution KW - Scopulariopsis brevicaulis KW - Methylation KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04803:Pollution effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17985749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Microbiological+characterization+of+the+soil+influenced+by+the+negative+anthropization&rft.au=Simonovicova%2C+A%3BKrnacova%2C+Z%3BPavlickova%2C+K%3BBenova%2C+A&rft.aulast=Simonovicova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Paecilomyces lilacinus; Scopulariopsis brevicaulis; Aspergillus; Penicillium; Slovakia; Soil pollution; Methylation; Fuels; Arsenic; Mines; Soil; Contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of serial transfer of three strains of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus on growth in vitro, virulence, and host specificity AN - 17978796; 5933083 AB - Serial passage of entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes has been shown to alter virulence and host specificity. We evaluated virulence, host specificity, biomass production, conidiation, conidial germination, and a genetic fingerprint of 3 strains of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus after passage in vitro or in vivo in Diuraphis noxia or Plutella xylostella. Strain 4461 did not change in virulence toward D. noxia or P. xylostella after 30 passages in vitro nor after 15 passages in D. noxia. However, it lost virulence toward D. noxia after 15 passages in P. xylostella and did not regain virulence after 5 passages in D. noxia. Passage in D. noxia did result in a loss in conidiation for strain 4461, and passage in vitro resulted in a reduction in the speed of germination. Strain 4481 was the least variable and did not change in any of our tests. Strain 4491 did not change in virulence after passage in vitro nor after passage in D. noxia. It lost virulence toward D. noxia after passage in P. xylostella but regained virulence after re-passage in D. noxia. Mycelial dry weight and conidiation were both reduced after passage in vitro, but were increased after passage in D. noxia. These two traits did not change after passage in P. xylostella. Germination speed was reduced after in vitro passage of strain 4491. No change in banding pattern was observed for any strain using 14 primers for RAPD-PCR. These results demonstrate the intraspecific variability and phenotypic plasticity of strains of P. fumosoroseus. Stability of virulence after in vitro passage is clearly a desirable trait for a mass-produced biocontrol agent. However, a change in host specificity or productivity in vitro, as we observed for some strains, must be monitored and minimized. JF - Journal of Invertebrate Pathology AU - Vandenberg, J D AU - Cantone, F A AD - Plant Protection Research Unit, US Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, jdv3@cornell.edu Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 40 EP - 45 VL - 85 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2011, 0022-2011 KW - Homoptera KW - Lepidoptera KW - Aphididae KW - Plutellidae KW - Russian wheat aphid KW - Diamondback moth KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Spore germination KW - Hyphomycetes KW - Paecilomyces fumosoroseus KW - Diuraphis noxia KW - Virulence KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Pathogenicity KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Germination KW - Host specificity KW - Conidia KW - Mycelia KW - Biomass KW - Plutella xylostella KW - A 01014:Others KW - G 07330:Fungal genetics KW - Z 05182:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17978796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+serial+transfer+of+three+strains+of+Paecilomyces+fumosoroseus+on+growth+in+vitro%2C+virulence%2C+and+host+specificity&rft.au=Vandenberg%2C+J+D%3BCantone%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Vandenberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Invertebrate+Pathology&rft.issn=00222011&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jip.2003.12.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hyphomycetes; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Diuraphis noxia; Plutella xylostella; Conidia; Virulence; Host specificity; Polymerase chain reaction; Biomass; DNA fingerprinting; Mycelia; Germination; Biological control; Pathogenicity; Spore germination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2003.12.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foraging behavior and prey interactions by a guild of predators on various lifestages of Bemisia Tabaci AN - 17971749; 5902944 AB - The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is fed on by a wide variety of generalist predators, but there is little information on these predator-prey interactions. A laboratory investigation was conducted to quantify the foraging behavior of the adults of five common whitefly predators presented with a surfeit of whitefly eggs, nymphs, and adults. The beetles, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville and Collops vittatus (Say) fed mostly on whitefly eggs, but readily and rapidly preyed on all of the whitefly lifestages. The true bugs, Geocoris punctipes (Say) and Orius tristicolor (Say) preyed almost exclusively on adult whiteflies, while Lygus hesperus Knight preyed almost exclusively on nymphs. The true bugs had much longer prey handling times than the beetles and spent much more of their time feeding (35-42%) than the beetles (6-7%). These results indicate that generalist predators vary significantly in their interaction with this host, and that foraging behavior should be considered during development of a predator-based biological control program for B. tabaci. JF - Journal of Insect Science (Tucson) AU - Hagler, J R AU - Jackson, C G AU - Isaacs, R AU - Machtley, SA AD - Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 4135 E. Broadway Road, Phoenix, Arizona, 85040 USA, jhagler@ucrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - University of Arizona Library VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1536-2442, 1536-2442 KW - Convergent lady beetle KW - Minute flower bug KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Predators KW - Collops vittatus KW - Lygus hesperus KW - Orius tristicolor KW - Geocoris punctipes KW - Bemisia tabaci KW - Hippodamia convergens KW - Foraging behavior KW - Predator-prey interactions KW - Guilds KW - Y 25493:Insects KW - D 04659:Insects KW - Z 05199:Feeding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17971749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.atitle=Foraging+behavior+and+prey+interactions+by+a+guild+of+predators+on+various+lifestages+of+Bemisia+Tabaci&rft.au=Hagler%2C+J+R%3BJackson%2C+C+G%3BIsaacs%2C+R%3BMachtley%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Hagler&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Insect+Science+%28Tucson%29&rft.issn=15362442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F1536-2442%282004%29004%280001%3AFBAPIB%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1536-2442&volume=4&page=1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bemisia tabaci; Hippodamia convergens; Collops vittatus; Geocoris punctipes; Orius tristicolor; Lygus hesperus; Foraging behavior; Guilds; Predators; Predator-prey interactions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/1536-2442(2004)004(0001:FBAPIB)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intergenerational above- and belowground responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to elevated CO sub(2) AN - 17967521; 5916739 AB - We quantified intergenerational above- and belowground responses of two genotypes of semi-dwarf, hard red, spring wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) to elevated (700 mu mol mol super(-1)) CO sub(2). These plants were progeny of seeds produced from previous generation plants grown at elevated CO sub(2) under well-watered and high nutrient conditions. Because neither genotype in the first generation exhibited enhanced performance with CO sub(2) enrichment, our objective in this investigation was to assess if exposure to CO sub(2) enrichment in subsequent generations resulted in temporal changes in the relative enhancement (elevated/ambient) of above- and belowground plant growth. Relative enhancement occurred in both the second and third generations for both above- and belowground variables. Above- and belowground variables were enhanced by similar relative amounts at elevated CO sub(2) within a generation at each harvest date. Relative enhancement of measured variables was generally greater in the third than second generation when plants were in the seedling or vegetative stage, but not when plants were reproductive. Additional research is needed to investigate physiological or other limitations of translating above- and belowground responses to CO sub(2) in vegetative growth stages to reproductive performance. Intergenerational above- and belowground responses of this C sub(3) annual plant to CO sub(2) enrichment are not driven by genetic change (selection) that occurred between generations, but rather CO sub(2)-induced changes in seeds that affected seedling responses to CO sub(2) enrichment. JF - Basic and Applied Ecology AU - Derner, J D AU - Tischler, C R AU - Polley, H W AU - Johnson, H B AD - USDA-ARS, High Plains Grasslands Research Station, 8408 Hildreth Road, Cheyenne, WY USA 82009, jderner@npa.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 145 EP - 152 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1439-1791, 1439-1791 KW - elevated CO@d2 KW - Wheat KW - elevated CO sub(2) KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Growth rate KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Seeds KW - Seedlings KW - Progeny KW - D 04636:Grasses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17967521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Basic+and+Applied+Ecology&rft.atitle=Intergenerational+above-+and+belowground+responses+of+spring+wheat+%28Triticum+aestivum+L.%29+to+elevated+CO+sub%282%29&rft.au=Derner%2C+J+D%3BTischler%2C+C+R%3BPolley%2C+H+W%3BJohnson%2C+H+B&rft.aulast=Derner&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Basic+and+Applied+Ecology&rft.issn=14391791&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Triticum aestivum; Progeny; Growth rate; Seedlings; Seeds ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial Resistance and Serotype Prevalence of Salmonella Isolated from Dairy Cattle in the Southwestern United States AN - 17965861; 5915273 AB - Mature dairy cattle were sampled over a 2-year period (2001-2002) on six farms in New Mexico and Texas. Fecal samples (n = 1560) were collected via rectal palpation and cultured for Salmonella, and one isolate from each positive sample was serotyped. Three isolates of each serotype, with the exception of Salmonella Newport (n = 12), were examined for susceptibility to 17 antimicrobial agents. Twenty-two different serotypes were identified from a total of 393 Salmonella isolates. Montevideo was the predominant serotype (27%) followed by Mbandaka (15%), Senftenberg (11.4%), Newport (6.4%), Anatum (4.8%), and Give (4.8%). Salmonella Typhimurium and Dublin, two frequently reported serotypes, accounted for only 1% of the observed serotypes in this study. Sixty-four percent of the serotypes were susceptible to all 17 antimicrobials, 14% were resistant to a single agent, and 22% were multiresistant (2-11 types of resistance). All isolates tested were susceptible to amikacin, apramycin, imipenem, ceftriaxone, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin. The most frequent types of resistance were to sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin (ranging from 8.9 to 22.4%). Serotypes demonstrating multiple resistance included Dublin and Give (resistant to three or more antibiotics), Typhimurium (resistant to five antibiotics), and Newport (four and two isolates resistant to six and nine antibiotics, respectively). Class 1 integrons were present in only two Salmonella Dublin isolates and one Salmonella Newport isolate. The most prevalent resistance patterns observed in this study were toward antimicrobial agents commonly used in cattle, while all Salmonella isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, antibiotics used in human medicine. JF - Microbial Drug Resistance AU - Edrington, T S AU - Schultz, CL AU - Bischoff, K M AU - Callaway, T R AU - Looper, M L AU - Genovese, K J AU - Jung, Y S AU - McReynolds, J L AU - Anderson, R C AU - Nisbet, D J AD - USDA-ARS-FFSRU, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA, edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 51 EP - 56 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1076-6294, 1076-6294 KW - cattle KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chloramphenicol KW - USA, New Mexico KW - Serotypes KW - Sulfamethoxazole KW - Ampicillin KW - Kanamycin KW - Ceftriaxone KW - Streptomycin KW - Tetracyclines KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - USA, Texas KW - Salmonella KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17965861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+Resistance+and+Serotype+Prevalence+of+Salmonella+Isolated+from+Dairy+Cattle+in+the+Southwestern+United+States&rft.au=Edrington%2C+T+S%3BSchultz%2C+CL%3BBischoff%2C+K+M%3BCallaway%2C+T+R%3BLooper%2C+M+L%3BGenovese%2C+K+J%3BJung%2C+Y+S%3BMcReynolds%2C+J+L%3BAnderson%2C+R+C%3BNisbet%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Edrington&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.issn=10766294&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; USA, New Mexico; USA, Texas; Serotypes; Streptomycin; Kanamycin; Chloramphenicol; Ampicillin; Sulfamethoxazole; Tetracyclines; Ceftriaxone; Ciprofloxacin; Antimicrobial agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Xylella fastidiosa from Its Invasive Alternative Host, Porcelain Berry AN - 17934207; 5886633 AB - A strain of Xylella fastidiosa was isolated from an invasive alternative host species, porcelain berry. Its genetic relationship with strains isolated from a native alternative host, wild grape; a nonnative alternative host, mulberry; and other economically important hosts including cultivated grape, peach, plum, oak, maple and oleander was determined by using sequence analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that the porcelain berry strain is most closely related to the wild grape strain. These two strains are more closely related to the oak, peach, and plum strains than to the mulberry and oleander strains. They are separated from the maple and cultivated grape strains. Our data suggest that suppression of porcelain berry, wild grape, and mulberry in the vicinity of susceptible economically important hosts such as oak, peach, and plum may provide an important control measure for diseases caused by X. fastidiosa. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Huang, Q AU - Sherald, J L AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Bldg. 010A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, United States Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 73 EP - 76 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Phylogeny KW - Plant diseases KW - Spacer region KW - Host range KW - rRNA 16S-23S KW - Xylella fastidiosa KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17934207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Management+and+Sustainability&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Organizational+Factors+on+Nurses+Turnover+Intention+Behavior+at+Public+Hospitals+in+Jordan%3A+How+Does+Leadership%2C+Career+Advancement+and+Pay-Level+Influence+the+Turnover+Intention+Behavior+among+Nurses&rft.au=Alhamwan%2C+Mohammad%3BBt+Mat%2C+Norazuwa%3BAl+Muala%2C+Imad&rft.aulast=Alhamwan&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Management+and+Sustainability&rft.issn=19254725&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00284/bibs/4048001/40480073.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xylella fastidiosa; rRNA 16S-23S; Spacer region; Phylogeny; Plant diseases; Host range DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-003-4109-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation and Identification of Hyper-Ammonia Producing Bacteria from Swine Manure Storage Pits AN - 17933973; 5886624 AB - Storage of swine manure is associated with the microbiological production of a variety of odorous compounds, including ammonia, organic acids, and alcohols, phenolics, and sulfides. Until recently, little was known about the microorganisms responsible for their production. Results from our laboratory have demonstrated that the predominant microbial populations of stored swine manure are anaerobic, low (G + C), Gram-positive bacteria. However, studies on pure cultures isolated from manure have found few microorganisms that produce appreciable ammonia concentrations. Therefore, selective and enrichment techniques were employed to isolate ammonia-producing bacteria from stored swine manure by using media containing peptone and amino acids as carbon and energy sources. We now report on the isolation of 40 bacterial cultures, a number of which are capable of producing at least 40 mM ammonia in peptone-amino acid medium, concentrations similar to those produced by hyper-ammonia producing (HAP) bacteria isolated from the rumen of cattle. The manure HAP isolates are phylogenetically distinct from the ruminal isolates and may prove to be intimately involved in the production of ammonia during storage of swine manure. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Whitehead, T R AU - Cotta, MA AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, United States Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 20 EP - 26 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Manure KW - Gram-positive bacteria KW - Ammonia KW - Phenols KW - Sulfide KW - Odor compounds KW - Acids KW - alcohols KW - J 02732:Other cell constituents and metabolites KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17933973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Isolation+and+Identification+of+Hyper-Ammonia+Producing+Bacteria+from+Swine+Manure+Storage+Pits&rft.au=Whitehead%2C+T+R%3BCotta%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Whitehead&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00284-003-4084-7 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00284/bibs/4048001/40480020.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ammonia; Acids; alcohols; Phenols; Sulfide; Odor compounds; Gram-positive bacteria; Manure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-003-4084-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forest conservation and land development in Puerto Rico AN - 17908190; 5865595 AB - In the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico, rapid land-use changes over the past century have included recent land-cover conversion to urban/built-up lands. Observations of this land development adjacent to reserves or replacing dense forest call into question how the changes relate to forests or reserved lands. Using existing maps, this study first summarizes island-wide land-cover change between 1977-78 and 1991-92. Then, using binomial logit modeling, it seeks evidence that simple forest cover attributes, reserve locations, or existing land cover influence land development locations. Finally, this study quantifies land development, reserve protection and forest cover by ecological zone. Results indicate that 1) pasture is more likely to undergo land development than shrubland plus forest with low canopy density, 2) forest condition and conservation status appear unimportant in that development locations neither distinguish between classes of forest canopy development nor relate to forest patch size or reserve proximity, and 3) most land development occurs in the least-protected ecological zones. Outside the boundaries of strictly protected forest and other reserves, accessibility, proximity to existing urban areas, and perhaps desirable natural settings, serve to increase land development. Over the coming century, opportunities to address ecological zone gaps in the island's forest reserve system could be lost more rapidly in lowland ecological zones, which are relatively unprotected. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Helmer, E AD - International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Jardin Botanico Sur, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00926-1119, ehelmer@fs.fed.us) Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 29 EP - 40 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Puerto Rico KW - Forests KW - Conservation KW - Nature reserves KW - Land use KW - Models KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17908190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Forest+conservation+and+land+development+in+Puerto+Rico&rft.au=Helmer%2C+E&rft.aulast=Helmer&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ALAND.0000018364.68514.fb LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Puerto Rico; Conservation; Forests; Land use; Models; Nature reserves DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:LAND.0000018364.68514.fb ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Biological Control Agents and Exotic Plant Invasion on Deer Mouse Populations AN - 17892298; 5857603 AB - Exotic insects are commonly introduced as biological control agents to reduce densities of invasive exotic plants. Although current biocontrol programs for weeds take precautions to minimize ecological risks, little attention is paid to the potential nontarget effects of introduced food subsidies on native consumers. Previous research demonstrated that two gall flies (Urophora affinis and U. quadrifasciata) introduced for biological control of spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) dramatically affect the foraging ecology of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), a native generalist predator with important trophic linkages. In the current study, we found that relative abundance of deer mice was elevated twofold in grassland habitats with high densities of spotted knapweed and gall fly food sources, compared to those dominated by native vegetation, in two of three years. Availability of gall fly larvae during the critical overwinter period appeared to reduce overwinter population declines of mice in knapweed-invaded habitats. These positive effects on populations apparently overshadowed negative effects on breeding productivity associated with knapweed invasion and loss of the gall fly resource during the summer. Our results suggest that insect biocontrol agents can subsidize native consumer populations, setting the stage for various indirect effects on food webs. Comprehensive understandings of the conditions under which introduced biological control agents may exhibit nontarget effects on native food webs are needed to further develop criteria for screening potential biocontrol agents before they are released. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Ortega, Y K AU - Pearson, DE AU - McKelvey, K S AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 8089, Missoula, Montana 59807, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 241 EP - 253 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Deer mouse KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Biological control KW - Grasslands KW - Centaurea maculosa KW - Urophora quadrifasciata KW - Peromyscus maniculatus KW - Introduced species KW - Urophora affinis KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17892298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Biological+Control+Agents+and+Exotic+Plant+Invasion+on+Deer+Mouse+Populations&rft.au=Ortega%2C+Y+K%3BPearson%2C+DE%3BMcKelvey%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Ortega&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urophora affinis; Urophora quadrifasciata; Centaurea maculosa; Peromyscus maniculatus; Biological control; Introduced species; Grasslands ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CO sub(2) Enhances Productivity, Alters Species Composition, and Reduces Digestibility of Shortgrass Steppe Vegetation AN - 17892249; 5857601 AB - The impact of increasing atmospheric CO sub(2) concentrations has been studied in a number of field experiments, but little information exists on the response of semiarid rangelands to CO sub(2), or on the consequences for forage quality. This study was initiated to study the CO sub(2) response of the shortgrass steppe, an important semiarid grassland on the western edge of the North American Great Plains, used extensively for livestock grazing. The experiment was conducted for five years on native vegetation at the USDA-ARS Central Plains Experimental Range in northeastern Colorado, USA. Three perennial grasses dominate the study site, Bouteloua gracilis, a C sub(4) grass, and two C sub(3) grasses, Pascopyrum smithii and Stipa comata. The three species comprise 88% of the aboveground phytomass. To evaluate responses to rising atmospheric CO sub(2), we utilized six open-top chambers, three with ambient air and three with air CO sub(2) enriched to 720 mu mol/mol, as well as three unchambered controls. We found that elevated CO sub(2) enhanced production of the shortgrass steppe throughout the study, with 41% greater aboveground phytomass harvested annually in elevated compared to ambient plots. The CO sub(2)-induced production response was driven by a single species, S. comata, and was due in part to greater seedling recruitment. The result was species movement toward a composition more typical of the mixed-grass prairie. Growth under elevated CO sub(2) reduced the digestibility of all three dominant grass species. Digestibility was also lowest in the only species to exhibit a CO sub(2)-induced production enhancement, S. comata. The results suggest that rising atmospheric CO sub(2) may enhance production of lower quality forage and a species composition shift toward a greater C sub(3) component. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Morgan, JA AU - Mosier, A R AU - Milchunas, D G AU - LeCain AU - Nelson, JA AU - Parton, W J AD - USDA-ARS, Rangeland Resources Research Unit, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 208 EP - 219 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Colorado KW - Bouteloua gracilis KW - Digestibility KW - Pascopyrum smithii KW - Species composition KW - Stipa comata KW - Range management KW - Productivity KW - Steppes KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17892249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=CO+sub%282%29+Enhances+Productivity%2C+Alters+Species+Composition%2C+and+Reduces+Digestibility+of+Shortgrass+Steppe+Vegetation&rft.au=Morgan%2C+JA%3BMosier%2C+A+R%3BMilchunas%2C+D+G%3BLeCain%3BNelson%2C+JA%3BParton%2C+W+J&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bouteloua gracilis; Pascopyrum smithii; Stipa comata; USA, Colorado; Productivity; Species composition; Digestibility; Steppes; Range management ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Supporting Basic Ecological Research In U.S. National Parks: Challenges and Opportunities AN - 17889589; 5856784 AB - The long-term preservation of national park ecosystems requires scientific knowledge about populations, communities, and the ecological processes upon which sustainable ecosystems depend. Unfortunately, national parks in the United States have a well-documented history of indifference, if not hostility, to the support of basic research. Numerous external reviews have criticized the lack of institutional support for science, blaming it in large part on the traditional emphasis of the National Park Service (NPS) on scenery and tourism management. However, recent efforts to improve the support for science in the U.S. national parks have been most encouraging. These include a long-sought Congressional mandate to support research, a major budget initiative to support scientific understanding and management of park resources as well as to improve research facilities, leadership in the establishment of a network of university-based cooperative units, and the successful partnering with private organizations to support innovative programs to fund Ph.D. students, postdocs, and sabbaticals in national parks. The long-term success of national parks in preserving natural ecosystems depends, in large part, on the NPS's ability to provide support for the science that is necessary to understand natural ecosystems as well as the effects of human activities. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Parsons, D J AD - Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana 59807, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 5 EP - 13 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Tourism KW - Funds KW - National parks KW - Government policy KW - Students KW - USA KW - Ecosystem analysis KW - Cooperatives KW - Budgets KW - Environmental management KW - Research KW - M3 1120:Land KW - D 04705:Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17889589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Supporting+Basic+Ecological+Research+In+U.S.+National+Parks%3A+Challenges+and+Opportunities&rft.au=Parsons%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; National parks; Research; Ecosystem analysis; Environmental management; Budgets; Funds; Tourism; Government policy; Students; Cooperatives ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping Fuels and Fire Regimes Using Remote Sensing, Ecosystem Simulation, and Gradient Modeling AN - 17886177; 5857404 AB - Maps of fuels and fire regimes are essential for understanding ecological relationships between wildland fire and landscape structure, composition, and function, and for managing wildland fire hazard and risk with an ecosystem perspective. While critical for successful wildland fire management, there are no standard methods for creating these maps, and spatial data representing these important characteristics of wildland fire are lacking in many areas. We present an integrated approach for mapping fuels and fire regimes using extensive field sampling, remote sensing, ecosystem simulation, and biophysical gradient modeling to create predictive landscape maps of fuels and fire regimes. A main objective was to develop a standardized, repeatable system for creating these maps using spatial data describing important landscape gradients along with straightforward statistical methods. We developed a hierarchical approach to stratifying field sampling to ensure that samples represented variability in a wide variety of ecosystem processes. We used existing and derived spatial layers to develop a modeling database within a Geographic Information System that included 38 mapped variables describing gradients of physiography, spectral characteristics, weather, and biogeochemical cycles for a 5830-km super(2) study area in northwestern Montana. Using general linear models, discriminant analysis, classification and regression trees, and logistic regression, we created maps of fuel load, fuel model, fire interval, and fire severity based on spatial predictive variables and response variables measured in the field. Independently evaluated accuracies ranged from 51 to 80%. Direct gradient modeling improved map accuracy significantly compared to maps based solely on indirect gradients. By focusing efforts on direct as opposed to indirect gradient modeling, our approach is easily adaptable to mapping potential future conditions under a range of possible management actions or climate scenarios. Our methods are an example of a standard yet flexible approach for mapping fuels and fire regimes over broad areas and at multiple scales. The resulting maps provide fine-grained, broad-scale information to spatially assess both ecosystem integrity and the hazards and risks of wildland fire when making decisions about how best to restore forests of the western United States to within historical ranges and variability. JF - Ecological Applications AU - Rollins, M G AU - Keane, R E AU - Parsons, R A AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, 5775 Highway 10 West, Missoula, Montana 59807, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 75 EP - 95 PB - Ecological Society of America VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1051-0761, 1051-0761 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Remote sensing KW - Gradients KW - Mapping KW - USA, Montana KW - Models KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04002:Surveying and remote sensing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17886177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Applications&rft.atitle=Mapping+Fuels+and+Fire+Regimes+Using+Remote+Sensing%2C+Ecosystem+Simulation%2C+and+Gradient+Modeling&rft.au=Rollins%2C+M+G%3BKeane%2C+R+E%3BParsons%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Rollins&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Applications&rft.issn=10510761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Montana; Mapping; Remote sensing; Gradients; Models; Fires ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water quality and the grazing animal AN - 17880735; 5953318 AB - Grazing animals and pasture production can affect water quality both positively and negatively. Good management practices for forage production protect the soil surface from erosion compared with conventionally produced crops. Grazing animals and pasture production can negatively affect water quality through erosion and sediment transport into surface waters, through nutrients from urine and feces dropped by the animals and fertility practices associated with production of high-quality pasture, and through pathogens from the wastes. Erosion and sediment transport is primarily associated with high- density stocking and/or poor forage stands. The two nutrients of primary concern relating to animal production are N and P. Nitrogen is of concern because high concentrations in drinking water in the NO sub(3) form cause methemoglobinemia (blue baby disease), whereas other forms of N (primarily nitrite, NO sub(2)) are considered to be potentially carcinogenic. Phosphorus in the PO sub(4) form is of concern because it causes eutrophication of surface water bodies. The effect of grazing animals on soil and water quality must be evaluated at both the field and watershed scales. Such evaluation must account for both direct input of animal wastes from the grazing animal and also applications of inorganic fertilizers to produce quality pastures. Watershed-scale studies have primarily used the approach of nutrient loadings per land area and nutrient removals as livestock harvests. A number of studies have measured nutrient loads in surface runoff from grazed land and compared loads with other land uses, including row crop agriculture and forestry. Concentrations in discharge have been regressed against standard grazing animal units per land area. Watersheds with concentrated livestock populations have been shown to discharge as much as 5 to 10 times more nutrients than watersheds in cropland or forestry. The other major water quality concern with grazing animals is pathogens, which may move from the wastes into surface water bodies or ground water. Major surface water quality problems associated with pathogens have been associated with grazing animals, particularly when they are not fenced out from streams and farm ponds. This paper presents an overview of water quality issues relating to grazing animals. JF - Journal of Animal Science AU - Hubbard, R K AU - Newton, G L AU - Hill, G M AD - Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - E255 EP - E263 PB - American Society of Animal Science VL - 82 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Grazing KW - Eutrophication KW - Wastes KW - Phosphorus KW - Environmental impact KW - Pathogens KW - Soil erosion KW - Freshwater KW - Watersheds KW - Water quality KW - Water pollution KW - Fertilizers KW - Phosphates KW - Feeding behaviour KW - Urine KW - Ecosystem management KW - Environmental effects KW - Sediment transport KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Nitrogen KW - Q1 08422:Environmental effects KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17880735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=Water+quality+and+the+grazing+animal&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+R+K%3BNewton%2C+G+L%3BHill%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=&rft.spage=E255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Animal+Science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Eutrophication; Grazing; Environmental impact; Phosphorus; Wastes; Soil erosion; Pathogens; Water quality; Watersheds; Water pollution; Fertilizers; Phosphates; Feeding behaviour; Urine; Environmental effects; Ecosystem management; Sediment transport; Agricultural runoff; Nitrogen; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil organic carbon content and composition of 130-year crop, pasture and forest land-use managements AN - 17855402; 5826359 AB - Conversion of former agricultural land to grassland and forest ecosystems is a suggested option for mitigation of increased atmospheric CO sub(2). A Sharpsburg prairie loess soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) provided treatments to study the impact of long-term land use on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and composition for a 130-year-old cropped, pasture and forest comparison. The forest and pasture land use significantly retained more SOC, 46% and 25%, respectively, compared with cropped land use, and forest land use increased soil C content by 29% compared with the pasture. Organic C retained in the soils was a function of the soil N content (r=0.98, P<0.001) and the soil carbohydrate (CH) concentration (r=0.96, P<0.001). Statistical analyses found that soil aggregation processes increased as organic C content increased in the forest and pasture soils, but not in the cropped soil. SOC was composed of similar percentages of CHs (49%, 42% and 51%), amino acids (22%, 15% and 18%), lipids (2.3%, 2.3% and 2.9%) and unidentified C (21%, 29% and 27%), but differed for phenolic acids (PAs) (5.7%, 11.6% and 1.0%) for the pasture, forest and cropped soils, respectively. The results suggested that the majority of the surface soil C sequestered in the long-term pasture and forest soils was identified as C of plant origin through the use of CH and PA biomarkers, although the increase in amino sugar concentration of microbial origin indicates a greater increase in microbial inputs in the three subsoils. The practice of permanent pastures and afforestation of agricultural land showed long-term potential for potential mitigation of atmospheric CO sub(2). JF - Global Change Biology AU - Martens, DA AU - Reedy, TE AU - Lewis, D T AD - USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 E. Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA, National Soil Survey Center, 100 Centennial Mall North, Room 152-MS 35, Lincoln, NE 68508-3866, USA, University of Nebraska (retired), Lincoln, NE 68508, USA, dmartens@tucson.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 65 EP - 78 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Forest management KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Forest ecosystems KW - Loess KW - Forest soils KW - Land use effects on atmospheric carbon dioxide KW - Statistical analysis KW - Carbon dioxide control KW - Crops KW - Land use KW - Grasslands KW - Carbon KW - Pasture management KW - Nitrogen in soils KW - Soil properties KW - Organic carbon in soil KW - Carbon dioxide KW - D 04700:Management KW - M2 551.586:Biometeorology and Bioclimatology (551.586) KW - M2 551.510.4:Composition of the atmosphere (551.510.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17855402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Soil+organic+carbon+content+and+composition+of+130-year+crop%2C+pasture+and+forest+land-use+managements&rft.au=Martens%2C+DA%3BReedy%2C+TE%3BLewis%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Martens&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1529-8817.2003.00722.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Forest management; Carbon; Soil properties; Land use; Crops; Agricultural ecosystems; Grasslands; Carbon dioxide; Forest soils; Statistical analysis; Loess; Forest ecosystems; Organic carbon in soil; Land use effects on atmospheric carbon dioxide; Agriculture; Pasture management; Nitrogen in soils; Carbon dioxide control DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment and management of soil microbial community structure for disease suppression AN - 17847538; 6248695 AB - Identification of the biological properties contributing to the function of suppressive soils is a necessary first step to the management of such systems for use in the control of soilborne diseases. The development and application of molecular methods for the characterization and monitoring of soil microbial properties will enable a more rapid and detailed assessment of the biological nature of soil suppressiveness. Although suppressive soils have provided a wealth of microbial resources that have subsequently been applied for the biological control of soilborne plant pathogens, the full functional capabilities of the phenomena have not been realized in production agricultural ecosystems. Cultural practices, such as the application of soil amendments, have the capacity to enhance disease suppression, though the biological modes of action may vary from that initially resident to the soil. Plants have a distinct impact on characteristics and activity of resident soil microbial communities, and therefore play an important role in determining the development of the disease-suppressive state. Likewise, plant genotype will modulate these same biological communities, and should be considered when developing strategies to exploit the potential of such a natural disease control system. Implementation of consistently effective practices to manage this resource in an economically and environmentally feasible manner will require more detailed investigation of these biologically complex systems and refinement of currently available methodologies. JF - Annual Review of Phytopathology AU - Mazzola, M AD - USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, Washington 98801, USA, mazzola@tfrl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 35 EP - 59 VL - 42 SN - 0066-4286, 0066-4286 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Agricultural ecosystems KW - Reviews KW - Plant communities KW - Disease control KW - Pathogens KW - Genotypes KW - Soil amendment KW - Soil microorganisms KW - A 01047:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17847538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Assessment+and+management+of+soil+microbial+community+structure+for+disease+suppression&rft.au=Mazzola%2C+M&rft.aulast=Mazzola&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=00664286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev.phyto.42.040803.140408 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Agricultural ecosystems; Reviews; Disease control; Plant communities; Genotypes; Pathogens; Soil amendment; Soil microorganisms DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.040803.140408 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management and resistance in wheat and barley to fusarium head blight AN - 17846955; 6248697 AB - Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat and barley worldwide. Resistant cultivars could reduce damage from FHB. Chinese wheat cultivar Sumai 3 and its derivatives represent the greatest degree of resistance to FHB known. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 3BS and other minor QTL for FHB resistance have been identified in these cultivars and used in wheat-breeding programs worldwide. Many breeding lines with the 3BS resistance QTL and improved agronomic traits have been developed. In barley, only limited sources of FHB resistance are available, especially in six-rowed barley, and none of them contains a DON level low enough to meet the safety requirement of the brewing industry. Several QTL have been identified for lower FHB severity, DON content, and kernel discoloration and used to enhance FHB resistance in barley. Marker-assisted selection for FHB resistance QTL on 3BS of wheat and on 2H of barley is in progress. JF - Annual Review of Phytopathology AU - Bai, G AU - Shaner, G AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Plant Science and Entomology Research Unit, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA, gbai@agron.ksu.edu Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 135 EP - 161 VL - 42 SN - 0066-4286, 0066-4286 KW - Wheat KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fusarium KW - Triticum aestivum KW - Quantitative trait loci KW - Chromosomes KW - Head KW - Breeding KW - Blight KW - Reviews KW - Brewing KW - Kernels KW - marker-assisted selection KW - A 01026:Gramineous crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17846955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Management+and+resistance+in+wheat+and+barley+to+fusarium+head+blight&rft.au=Bai%2C+G%3BShaner%2C+G&rft.aulast=Bai&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Phytopathology&rft.issn=00664286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev.phyto.42.040803.140340 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quantitative trait loci; Chromosomes; Breeding; Head; Reviews; Blight; Brewing; Kernels; marker-assisted selection; Triticum aestivum; Fusarium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.040803.140340 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors among Clinical and Food Enterococci Isolated in Slovakia AN - 17843845; 6257308 AB - The resistance to antibiotics and the distribution of virulence factors in enterococci isolated from traditional Slovak sheep cheese bryndza was compared with strains from human infections. The occurrence of 4 enterococcal species was observed in 117 bryndza-cheese isolates. The majority of strains were identified as E. faecium (76%) and E. faecalis (23%). Several strains of E. durans and 1 strain of E. hirae were also present. More than 90% of strains isolated from 109 clinical enterococci were E. faecalis, the rest belonged to E. faecium. The resistance to 6 antimicrobial substances (ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, higher concentration of gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline and vancomycin) was tested in clinical and food enterococci. A higher level of resistance was found in clinical than in food strains and E. faecium had a higher resistance than E. faecalis; no resistance to vancomycin was detected. The occurrence of 3 virulence-associated genes, cylA (coding for hemolysin), gelE (coding for gelatinase) and esp (coding for surface protein) was monitored. Differences were found in the distribution of cylA gene between clinical and bryndza-cheese E. faecalis strains; in contrast to clinical strains (45%), cylA gene was detected in 22% of food isolates. The distribution of 2 other virulence factors, gelE and esp, was not significantly different in the two groups of E. faecalis strains. cylA and gelE genes were not detected in E. faecium but more than 70% of clinical E. faecium were positive for esp, even thought none of the 79 E. faecium cheese isolates contained this gene. JF - Folia Microbiologica AU - Drahovska, H AU - Slobodnikova, L AU - Kocincova, D AU - Seman, M AU - Koncekova, R AU - Trupl, J AU - Turna, J AD - Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia, drahovska@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 763 EP - 768 VL - 49 IS - 6 SN - 0015-5632, 0015-5632 KW - cylA gene KW - esp gene KW - gelE gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Slovakia KW - Gelatinase KW - virulence factors KW - Enterococcus faecalis KW - Ampicillin KW - Antibiotics KW - Infection KW - Tetracyclines KW - Cheese KW - Enterococcus faecium KW - Gentamicin KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Nitrofurantoin KW - Vancomycin KW - Hemolysins KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17843845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.atitle=Antibiotic+Resistance+and+Virulence+Factors+among+Clinical+and+Food+Enterococci+Isolated+in+Slovakia&rft.au=Drahovska%2C+H%3BSlobodnikova%2C+L%3BKocincova%2C+D%3BSeman%2C+M%3BKoncekova%2C+R%3BTrupl%2C+J%3BTurna%2C+J&rft.aulast=Drahovska&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.issn=00155632&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gelatinase; virulence factors; Ampicillin; Antibiotics; Cheese; Tetracyclines; Infection; Gentamicin; Ciprofloxacin; Nitrofurantoin; Vancomycin; Hemolysins; Antibiotic resistance; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Slovakia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of lucerne stem cell walls by five rumen bacterial species AN - 17836663; 6235861 AB - The rumen bacterial strains Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens H sub(17c), Fibrobacter succinogenes S8 sub(5), Lachnospira multiparus 40, Ruminococcus albus 7 and R. flavefaciens FD-1 were compared individually and as a five-species mixture with a rumen inoculum for their ability to degrade lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) stem cell wall polysaccharides. Two maturity stages of lucerne (bud and full flower) were utilized as substrates and incubation periods of 24 and 96 h were employed. Lucerne stem substrates and fermentation residues were analysed for cell wall content and composition. Degradation of total cell wall polysaccharides and all polysaccharide fractions was greater for immature than for mature lucerne stems. The 96-h incubation resulted in significantly more degradation of all cell wall polysaccharides than did the 24-h incubation. The R. albus culture was able to degrade all cell wall polysaccharide fractions as well or better than any other culture, including the rumen inoculum. Co-culture of R. albus with the four other ruminal species did not improve degradation of any wall polysaccharides compared with R. albus, alone. Microscopic examination indicated that R. albus and the five-species mixture appeared to degrade lucerne tissues in thin sections to almost the same extent as did rumen fluid. JF - NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences AU - Jung, H G AU - Engels, F M AU - Weimer, P J AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit and US Dairy Forage Research Center Cluster, and Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, jungx002@umn.edu Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 11 EP - 28 VL - 52 IS - 1 SN - 1573-5214, 1573-5214 KW - Alfalfa KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Flowers KW - Biodegradation KW - Rumen KW - Fermentation KW - Cell culture KW - Polysaccharides KW - Fibrobacter succinogenes KW - Stem cells KW - Ruminococcus albus KW - Inoculum KW - Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens KW - Maturity KW - Medicago sativa KW - Cell walls KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17836663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NJAS%3A+Wageningen+Journal+of+Life+Sciences&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+lucerne+stem+cell+walls+by+five+rumen+bacterial+species&rft.au=Jung%2C+H+G%3BEngels%2C+F+M%3BWeimer%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NJAS%3A+Wageningen+Journal+of+Life+Sciences&rft.issn=15735214&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Flowers; Stem cells; Biodegradation; Rumen; Fermentation; Inoculum; Cell culture; Maturity; Polysaccharides; Cell walls; Ruminococcus albus; Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens; Fibrobacter succinogenes; Medicago sativa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immune Responses of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to Mycobacterium bovis Bcg Vaccination AN - 17793053; 6119413 AB - The objective was to evaluate cellular immune response of captive white- tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to live Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination and to determine diagnostic implications of these responses. In vitro proliferative and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) were detected beginning 9 days postvaccination. Responses to Mycobacterium avium PPD, however, generally exceeded responses to M. bovis PPD. Interferon-gamma responses to M. avium PPD were not detected prior to vaccination nor in nonvaccinated deer, suggesting that vaccination with BCG boosted prior quiescent M. avium-sensitized cells. Both CD4 super(+) and gamma delta T cells from vaccinated deer proliferated in response to M. bovis PPD stimulation. Intradermal administration of M. bovis PPD resulted in increases in skin thickness of vaccinated deer beginning 24 hr postinjection. Such early reactions were characterized by edema and minimal mononuclear cell infiltration, whereas later reactions (i.e., 72 hr postinjection) were more typical of delayed type hypersensitivity. Upon in vitro activation with pokeweed mitogen, CD44 expression increased and CD62L expression decreased on lymphocytes from deer regardless of vaccination status. Likewise, M. bovis PPD stimulation of lymphocytes from vaccinated deer resulted in increases in CD44 expression and decreases in CD62L expression. These findings demonstrate the potential of BCG vaccination to elicit strong cell-mediated immune responses and appropriate alterations in CD44 and CD62L expression with in vitro stimulation of white- tailed deer lymphocytes. In relation to M. bovis diagnosis, vaccination of white-tailed deer with BCG can induce skin test responses that classify the animal as a tuberculosis reactor. In contrast, BCG vaccination will likely not interfere with tuberculosis testing by the IFN-gamma assay. JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases AU - Waters, W R AU - Palmer, M V AU - Whipple, D L AU - Slaughter, R E AU - Jones, S L AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, PO Box 70, Ames, Iowa 50010-0070, USA, rwaters@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 66 EP - 78 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0090-3558, 0090-3558 KW - White-tailed deer KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Leukocytes (mononuclear) KW - Mycobacterium avium KW - Pokeweed mitogen KW - CD44 antigen KW - Edema KW - Mycobacterium bovis KW - Vaccination KW - Cell activation KW - Skin tests KW - CD4 antigen KW - Hypersensitivity (delayed) KW - ^g-Interferon KW - BCG KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Tuberculin KW - Tuberculosis KW - Immune response KW - CD62L protein KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17793053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.atitle=Immune+Responses+of+White-Tailed+Deer+%28Odocoileus+virginianus%29+to+Mycobacterium+bovis+Bcg+Vaccination&rft.au=Waters%2C+W+R%3BPalmer%2C+M+V%3BWhipple%2C+D+L%3BSlaughter%2C+R+E%3BJones%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Wildlife+Diseases&rft.issn=00903558&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium bovis; Odocoileus virginianus; Mycobacterium avium; Vaccination; BCG; ^g-Interferon; CD44 antigen; CD62L protein; Tuberculosis; Skin tests; Tuberculin; CD4 antigen; Immune response; Pokeweed mitogen; Cell activation; Edema; Hypersensitivity (delayed); Leukocytes (mononuclear); Lymphocytes T ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Basin-scale availability of salmonid spawning gravel as influenced by channel type and hydraulic roughness in mountain catchments. AN - 17783755; 6204887 AB - A general framework is presented for examining the effects of channel type and associated hydraulic roughness on salmonid spawning-gravel availability in mountain catchments. Digital elevation models are coupled with grain-size predictions to provide basin-scale assessments of the potential extent and spatial pattern of spawning gravels. To demonstrate both the model and the significance of hydraulic roughness, a scenario for optimizing the spatial extent of spawning gravels as a function of channel type in Pacific Northwest catchments is presented. Predictions indicate that hydraulic roughness could control more than 65% of the potential available spawning habitat at the study sites. Results further indicate that bar roughness can be important for maintaining spawning gravels in lower mainstem reaches, while wood roughness may be required for spawning-gravel maintenance in steeper, upper mainstem channels. The analysis indicates that wood loss and consequent textural coarsening could deplete up to one third of the potentially usable spawning area at the study sites. JF - Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences AU - Buffinton, J M AU - Montgomery AU - Greenberg, H M AD - USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station 316 E. Myrtle Street, Boise, ID 83702 USA, jbuffinton@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 2085 EP - 2096 VL - 61 IS - 11 SN - 0706-652X, 0706-652X KW - Hydraulic roughness KW - Salmonids KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Rivers KW - Catchment area KW - Redds KW - Hydraulics KW - Gravel KW - USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Microhabitats KW - Spawning grounds KW - USA, Washington, Finney Creek KW - Wood KW - Freshwater KW - USA, Washington, Willapa R. KW - Models KW - Mountains KW - Channels KW - Sediment texture KW - Grain size KW - Oncorhynchus KW - Salmonidae KW - USA, Washington, Boulder R. KW - River beds KW - Q5 08523:Conservation, wildlife management and recreation KW - Q1 08464:Other aquatic communities KW - Q1 08344:Reproduction and development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17783755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.atitle=Basin-scale+availability+of+salmonid+spawning+gravel+as+influenced+by+channel+type+and+hydraulic+roughness+in+mountain+catchments.&rft.au=Buffinton%2C+J+M%3BMontgomery%3BGreenberg%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Buffinton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2085&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Fisheries+and+Aquatic+Sciences&rft.issn=0706652X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Catchment area; Rivers; Hydraulics; Redds; Gravel; Spawning grounds; Microhabitats; Wood; Models; Channels; Mountains; Grain size; Sediment texture; River beds; Oncorhynchus; Salmonidae; USA, Pacific Northwest; USA, Washington, Finney Creek; USA, Washington, Boulder R.; USA, Washington, Willapa R.; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design, Evaluation and Application of a Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor System for Use in Nitric Acid Air Pollutant Studies AN - 1777164206; 13726976 AB - Nitric acid (HNO sub(3)) vapor is a significant component of air pollution. Dry deposition of HNO sub(3) is thought to be a major contributor to terrestrial loading of anthropogenically-derived nitrogen (N), but many questions remain regarding the physico-chemical process of deposition and the biological responses to accumulation of dry-deposited HNO sub(3) on surfaces. To examine these processes experimentally, a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) fumigation system has been constructed. This system enables simultaneous fumigation at several concentrations in working volumes 1.3 m dia by 1.3 m ht, allowing for simultaneous fumigation of many experimental units. Evaluation of the system indicates that it is appropriate for long-term exposures of several months duration and capable of mimicking patterns of diurnal atmospheric HNO sub(3) concentrations representative of areas with different levels of pollution. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Padgett, Pamela E AU - Bytnerowicz, Andrzej AU - Dawson, Philip J AU - Riechers, George H AU - Fitz, Dennis R AD - Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, USDA-FS, Forest Fire Laboratory, Riverside, CA, U.S.A. Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 35 EP - 51 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 151 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Soil pollution KW - Air pollution KW - Pollutants KW - Continuously stirred tank reactors KW - Pollution abatement KW - Nitric acid KW - Deposition KW - Fumigation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777164206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Design%2C+Evaluation+and+Application+of+a+Continuously+Stirred+Tank+Reactor+System+for+Use+in+Nitric+Acid+Air+Pollutant+Studies&rft.au=Padgett%2C+Pamela+E%3BBytnerowicz%2C+Andrzej%3BDawson%2C+Philip+J%3BRiechers%2C+George+H%3BFitz%2C+Dennis+R&rft.aulast=Padgett&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AWATE.0000009890.74470.fa LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WATE.0000009890.74470.fa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Riparian ecotone: A functional definition and delineation for resource assessment AN - 17769393; 5917303 AB - We propose a geomorphic basis for defining riparian areas using the term: riparian ecotone, discuss how past definitions fall short, and illustrate how a linked sequence of definition, delineation, and riparian sampling are used to accurately assess riparian resources on the ground. Our riparian ecotone is based on the width of the valley (its floodprone area width) plus 30 meters on each side to encompass the important adjacent riparian functions, and 15 meters around obvious landslides. A functionally consistent riparian definition and delineation does not derive from land adjacent to a stream, rather it derives from the valley the stream runs through. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus AU - Verry, E S AU - Dolloff, CA AU - Manning, ME AD - Ecology and Management of Riparian/Aquatic Ecosystems, USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, USA, sverry@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 67 EP - 94 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1567-7230, 1567-7230 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Landslides KW - Land Management KW - Assessments KW - Riparian Land KW - Sampling KW - Streams KW - Valleys KW - River Basin Management KW - SW 4020:Evaluation process UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17769393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution%3A+Focus&rft.atitle=Riparian+ecotone%3A+A+functional+definition+and+delineation+for+resource+assessment&rft.au=Verry%2C+E+S%3BDolloff%2C+CA%3BManning%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Verry&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution%3A+Focus&rft.issn=15677230&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AWAFO.0000012825.77300.08 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landslides; Assessments; Land Management; Riparian Land; Sampling; River Basin Management; Valleys; Streams DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WAFO.0000012825.77300.08 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An encloded-chamber labeling system for the safe 14C-enrichment of phytochemicals in plant cell suspension cultures AN - 17768412; 5923504 AB - Various plant secondary products have been implicated in the promotion of good health or the prevention of disease in humans, but little is known about the way they are absorbed in the gut, or in which tissues they are deposited throughout the body. While these issues could be studied if the phytochemicals were isotopically labeled, generating labeled molecules often is problematic because many compounds of interest can be synthesized only in planta at present. In order to generate 14C-labeled phytochemicals of high radioactive enrichment, we developed an enclosed-chamber labeling system in which cell suspension cultures can be safely and efficiently grown when supplied with 14C-enriched precursors. The system is designed to hold culture flasks within a clear, polyacrylic compartment that is affixed to the top of a rotary shaker. The flow-through gas exchange nature of the system allows for O2 replenishment and complete capture of respired 14CO2 throughout the entire period of cell culture. Air is circulated internally with the aid of a small fan, and chamber air temperature is monitored continuously with an internal temperature probe and data logger. Production runs of 12-14 d with Vaccinium pahalae (ohelo berry) and Vitis vinifera (grape) suspension cultures, using [14C]sucrose as the carbon source, demonstrated a 20-23% efficiency of 14C incorporation into the flavonoid-rich fractions. Further studies with ohelo cell cultures showed that flavonoids were produced with either sucrose or glucose as the carbohydrate source, although flavonoid productivity (measured as anthocyanins) was higher with sucrose. This comprehensive chamber system should have broad applicability with numerous cell types and can be used to generate a wide array of labeled phytochemicals. JF - In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant AU - Grusak, MA AU - Rogers, R B AU - Yousef, G G AU - Erdman, J W AU - Lila, MA AD - USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, mgrusak@bcm.tmc.edu Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 80 EP - 85 PB - Society for In Vitro Biology VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 1054-5476, 1054-5476 KW - grape KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Anthocyanins KW - Gas exchange KW - Glucose KW - Cell culture KW - Carbon sources KW - Air temperature KW - Plant cells KW - Sucrose KW - Cell suspensions KW - Flavonoids KW - Suspension culture KW - Vitis vinifera KW - Vaccinium pahalae KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17768412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.atitle=An+encloded-chamber+labeling+system+for+the+safe+14C-enrichment+of+phytochemicals+in+plant+cell+suspension+cultures&rft.au=Grusak%2C+MA%3BRogers%2C+R+B%3BYousef%2C+G+G%3BErdman%2C+J+W%3BLila%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Grusak&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=In+Vitro+Cellular+%26+Developmental+Biology+-+Plant&rft.issn=10545476&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F1054-5476%282004%29040%280080%3AAELSFT%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1054-5476&volume=40&page=80 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vaccinium pahalae; Vitis vinifera; Cell culture; Sucrose; Air temperature; Flavonoids; Suspension culture; Gas exchange; Glucose; Plant cells; Cell suspensions; Anthocyanins; Carbon sources DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/1054-5476(2004)040(0080:AELSFT)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil microscopic fungi of Nalepkovo region AN - 17762556; 6090055 AB - The composition of soil microscopic fungi at the level of genera and species in research localities Zahajnica and Surovec have been compared in the contribution. Both localities occure in the Nalepkovo region where the mass dying-tree of forest communities ended with forest ecosystems decomposition is registered. This region is influenced by geochemical anomalies and with Hg and As pollutants, too. Soils (Cambic Pozdols) are characterized with the range from acid to very acid soil reaction (4.08-6.59), tight relationship of C:N. Resources of nitrogen and organic matter are adequate. We have studied the mycocoenosis of soil microscopic fungi from the 1996 year under the ameliorative wood-pulps as lime-tree (Tilia cordata) and spruce (Picea abies). Expressive differences in mycocoenosis were registered imidiately after liming with lime (Dolvaprint-4 t times ha super(-1) in the 1997 year). Within 1997-2001 years were changes of abundance of genera composition of soil microscopic fungi minimal. Similarity of mycocoenosis (Jaccard similarity index) is very low (Zahajnica 0.32-0.58 and Surovec 0.42-0.56). It means, that under studied ameliorative wood-pulps at the research locality, Zahajnica and Surovec, own mycophlora not similar with the other one was created. Mycocoenosis of soil microscopic fungi responds on whatsoever changes immediately and very sensitive. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Simonovicova, A AU - Godyova, M AD - Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Soil Science, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, asimonovicova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 241 EP - 251 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Norway spruce KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fungi KW - Tilia cordata KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Soils (acid) KW - Picea abies KW - K 03095:Soil KW - A 01047:General KW - D 04623:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17762556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Soil+microscopic+fungi+of+Nalepkovo+region&rft.au=Simonovicova%2C+A%3BGodyova%2C+M&rft.aulast=Simonovicova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tilia cordata; Picea abies; Soil microorganisms; Fungi; Soils (acid) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass-size scaling in soil aggregates as affected by aggregate water content and soil compaction AN - 17755935; 6063611 AB - Determining aggregate size distribution is a common way of characterizing soil structure. Information about soil structure can also be derived from examining the aggregate mass or density of aggregate size. There have been several reports indicating that the density-size relationships in air-dry aggregates follow predictions of a model assuming aggregates to be mass fractals. It was demonstrated recently that such model is applicable to wet aggregates if parameters of this model are assumed to be linear functions of gravimetric water contents. The objective of this study was to evaluate sensitivity of fractal parameters to soil compaction caused by wheel traffic. Irrigated and nonirrigated plots were laid out at silty clay Greyzem under fallow, and treatments of one tractor pass and three tractor passes were applied. The volume of individual aggregates for four depths in the plow layer was measured by kerosene method at air-dry water content, at two intermediate water contents between saturation and air-dry, and at saturation. The mass fractal model fitted data in a satisfactory manner within the range of water contents from air-dry to saturation with a R super(2) of 0.999. Both the slope and the intercept of the dependence of fractal dimension and reference aggregate mass on water content were more sensitive to compaction than to soil bulk density and aggregate size distributions. Parameters of fractal scaling showed promise for diagnosing compaction in studied soil. JF - Soil Science AU - Guber, A K AU - Pachepsky, YA AU - Levkovsky, E AD - ARS-USDA Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, 173 Powder Mill Road, BARC-EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, ypachepsky@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 169 IS - 1 SN - 0038-075X, 0038-075X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Soil Structure KW - Soil Compaction KW - Density KW - Soil Water KW - Saturation KW - Compaction KW - Aggregates KW - Model Studies KW - Clays KW - Intermediate Water KW - Fractals KW - Soil Aggregates KW - Distribution KW - Water Depth KW - Slopes KW - Scaling KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17755935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=Mass-size+scaling+in+soil+aggregates+as+affected+by+aggregate+water+content+and+soil+compaction&rft.au=Guber%2C+A+K%3BPachepsky%2C+YA%3BLevkovsky%2C+E&rft.aulast=Guber&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science&rft.issn=0038075X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil Structure; Soil Compaction; Density; Soil Water; Saturation; Compaction; Aggregates; Clays; Model Studies; Intermediate Water; Soil Aggregates; Fractals; Distribution; Water Depth; Slopes; Scaling ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Colony-Formation Efficiency of Bovine Fetal Fibroblast Cell Lines Cultured with Low Oxygen, Hydrocortisone, L-Carnosine, bFGF, or Different Levels of FBS AN - 17755230; 5890241 AB - A comparison of colony-formation efficiency (CFE) was made between six independent bovine fetal fibroblast (BFF) cell lines used in somatic cell nuclear transfer. Variation in CFE was assessed under different culture conditions. The conditions examined were ambient atmosphere ( similar to 20% oxygen) culture versus 5% oxygen culture, three levels of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the medium (5%, 10% or 20%), and the amendment of 10% FBS medium with basic fibroblast growth factor (1 ng/mL), L-carnosine (20 mM), or hydrocortisone (1 mu M). The six BFF cell lines showed significant differences from one another in CFE. No significant difference in CFE was found with reduced oxygen culture. L-Carnosine also had no significant effect on CFE. A FBS concentration of 10% was found to produce the best overall CFE. Hydrocortisone treatment reduced the size of colonies although the number of colonies formed was not affected. Basic FGF increased the size of colonies but the number of colonies formed was not affected. The results showed that different BFF cell lines varied significantly in their CFE. Also, some medium supplements or culture conditions that have shown positive CFE effects on the fibroblasts of other species failed to show significant positive CFE effects on the BFF cell lines tested. JF - Cloning and Stem Cells AU - Talbot, N C AU - Powell, A M AU - Caperna, T J AD - USDA, ARS, ANRI BGL, Bldg. 200, Rm. 13, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, Ntalbot@anri.barc.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 37 EP - 47 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1536-2302, 1536-2302 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Oxygen KW - Stem cells KW - Colonies KW - Hydrocortisone KW - Cell culture KW - somatic cell nuclear transfer KW - Fibroblast growth factor 2 KW - Atmosphere KW - Fetuses KW - Fibroblasts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17755230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cloning+and+Stem+Cells&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Colony-Formation+Efficiency+of+Bovine+Fetal+Fibroblast+Cell+Lines+Cultured+with+Low+Oxygen%2C+Hydrocortisone%2C+L-Carnosine%2C+bFGF%2C+or+Different+Levels+of+FBS&rft.au=Talbot%2C+N+C%3BPowell%2C+A+M%3BCaperna%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cloning+and+Stem+Cells&rft.issn=15362302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cell culture; Colonies; Oxygen; Fibroblasts; Hydrocortisone; Fibroblast growth factor 2; Fetuses; Stem cells; Atmosphere; somatic cell nuclear transfer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bark Beetle-Fungal Symbiosis: Context Dependency in Complex Associations AN - 17754219; 6014976 AB - Recent thinking in symbiosis research has emphasized a holistic consideration of these complex interactions. Bark beetles and their associated microbes are one group which has previously not been addressed in this manner. We review the study of symbiotic interactions among bark beetles and microbes in light of this thinking. We describe the considerable progress already made, examine areas where further progress could be made, and propose new approaches to be used, in understanding these important organisms. We place emphasis on the manner in which context (e.g., abiotic and biotic factors) can influence these interactions and change their nature. JF - Symbiosis AU - Klepzig, K D AU - Six, D L AD - USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Pineville, LA 71360, USA, kklepzig@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 189 EP - 205 VL - 37 IS - 1-3 SN - 0334-5114, 0334-5114 KW - Ambrosia beetles KW - Bark beetles KW - Coleoptera KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Scolytidae KW - Symbiosis KW - Reviews KW - Microorganisms KW - Biotic factors KW - Abiotic factors KW - Z 05203:Relations to plants KW - D 04659:Insects KW - K 03006:Fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17754219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Symbiosis&rft.atitle=Bark+Beetle-Fungal+Symbiosis%3A+Context+Dependency+in+Complex+Associations&rft.au=Klepzig%2C+K+D%3BSix%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Klepzig&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Symbiosis&rft.issn=03345114&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Symbiosis; Reviews; Microorganisms; Biotic factors; Abiotic factors; Scolytidae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enumeration, Resuscitation, and Infectivity of the Sublethally Injured Erwinia Cells Induced by Mild Acid Treatment AN - 17749776; 5906753 AB - Current knowledge about microbial injury was derived mostly from studies with bacteria associated with processed foods. Demonstration of injury and repair in phytopathogenic bacteria and its implication on pathogen detection and disease ecology have not been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the lethal and sublethal effects of acetic acid (AA) on soft-rot Erwinia spp. and the limitation of using selective media for isolation of injured cells. Following exposure to 0.3% AA for 6 min, 90 to 99% of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, and E. chrysanthemi cells were killed. When AA-treated samples were plated on agar media, the number of bacteria recovered on nonselective media such as brain heart infusion agar was 3 log units higher than that recovered on selective media such as crystal violet pectate (CVP). Lethal and sublethal actions of AA on Erwinia spp. were affected greatly by acid concentration, exposure time, and bacterial strains tested. Injured Erwinia cells were able to repair and regain the ability to grow on CVP when placed in nutrient broth but not in selective broth containing crystal violet and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Injured cells also were able to resuscitate on cut surfaces of cucumber fruit and to induce soft rot on green bell pepper. Together, these results suggest that direct use of selective media for isolation of Erwinia spp. could limit the recovery of injured cells in samples that have been exposed to chemical or physical stresses. Enrichment of these samples in nutrient broth before plating on CVP is expected to improve the detection of injured Erwinia spp. JF - Phytopathology AU - Liao, Ching-Hsing AU - Shollenberger, L M AD - U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, cliao@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 76 EP - 81 VL - 94 IS - 1 SN - 0031-949X, 0031-949X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Food processing KW - Fruits KW - Agar KW - Injuries KW - Soft rot KW - Media (enrichment) KW - Nutrients KW - Crystals KW - Acetic acid KW - Media (selective) KW - Post-harvest decay KW - Erwinia carotovora KW - Erwinia chrysanthemi KW - J 02880:Plant diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17749776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&rft.atitle=Enumeration%2C+Resuscitation%2C+and+Infectivity+of+the+Sublethally+Injured+Erwinia+Cells+Induced+by+Mild+Acid+Treatment&rft.au=Liao%2C+Ching-Hsing%3BShollenberger%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=Ching-Hsing&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytopathology&rft.issn=0031949X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erwinia carotovora; Erwinia chrysanthemi; Media (selective); Crystals; Media (enrichment); Nutrients; Agar; Injuries; Soft rot; Fruits; Acetic acid; Food processing; Post-harvest decay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Penicillium thiersii, Penicillium Angulare and Penicillium decaturense, New Species Isolated from Wood-Decay Fungi in North America and Their Phylogenetic Placement from Multilocus DNA Sequence Analysis AN - 17745051; 6133445 AB - We describe three new fungicolous species on the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic differences from known species. Penicillium thiersii, P. angulare and Penicillium decaturense are described. Penicillium thiersii phenotypically is identified on the basis of several characteristics including growth rates, vesicle size and condium shape and roughening. Penicillium angulare is related most closely to P. adametzioides but differs from it by restricted growth rates and conidiophores greater than 60 mu m in length. Penicillium decaturense is related most closely to P. miczynskii but differs from that species by growth rate, minimum growth temperature and pigment production on MEA. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis confirmed the genetic distinctiveness of P. decaturense and the closely related species P. miczynskii, P. chrzaszczii and P. manginii. Penicillium rivolii is a synonym of P. waksmanii on the basis of this analysis. Analysis of the EF-1alpha gene shows rapid changes of position, number and length of introns between the species, suggesting a recent evolutionary origin for the introns. JF - Mycologia AU - Peterson, Stephen W AU - Bayer, Eileen M AU - Wicklow, Donald T AD - Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, Illinois 61604-3999 Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1280 EP - 1293 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 96 IS - 6 SN - 0027-5514, 0027-5514 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Penicillium thiersii KW - Pigments KW - Vesicles KW - Temperature effects KW - Growth rate KW - Phylogeny KW - Penicillium decaturense KW - Conidia KW - Penicillium angulare KW - USA, North KW - Introns KW - Evolution KW - New species KW - K 03079:Fungi KW - K 03002:Fungi KW - A 01044:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17745051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycologia&rft.atitle=Penicillium+thiersii%2C+Penicillium+Angulare+and+Penicillium+decaturense%2C+New+Species+Isolated+from+Wood-Decay+Fungi+in+North+America+and+Their+Phylogenetic+Placement+from+Multilocus+DNA+Sequence+Analysis&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Stephen+W%3BBayer%2C+Eileen+M%3BWicklow%2C+Donald+T&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycologia&rft.issn=00275514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Penicillium thiersii; Penicillium decaturense; Penicillium angulare; USA, North; Phylogeny; Growth rate; Introns; Vesicles; Conidia; Temperature effects; Nucleotide sequence; New species; Evolution; Pigments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of Endemic Plasmids Causing beta -Lactam Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in Children's University Hospital in Munich AN - 17729632; 6068390 AB - Susceptibility of 62 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae to 15 aminglycosides, beta -lactams and fluoroquinolones was determined. The isolates originating from 3 intensive care units (neonatal, pediatric, and surgical) and the Department of Infant Internal Medicine of the Children's University Hospital City Center in Munich (Germany) were collected in August 1999, and March and October 2000. Transferability of antibiotic resistance from donors to their E. coli transconjugants was also demonstrated. The majority of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and azthreonam but they were susceptible to cefepime, meropenem, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The occurrence of beta -lactamases and extended-spectrum beta -lactamases (ESBL) was also shown. In August 1999 75 % of isolates produced beta -lactamases and 15 % ESBL, in March 2000 95 % of isolates produced beta -lactamases and 9 % ESBL; in October 2000 all isolates produced beta -lactamases and only 5 % produced ESBL. Plasmid DNA analysis in randomly chosen isolates and their transconjugants revealed the presence of plasmids ranging from 19 to 136 kb; in the majority of isolates a 120-kb plasmid was observed. Further analysis using restriction endonuclease suggested a dissemination and persistence of an endemic plasmid at all 4 wards of the large pediatric hospital in the City Center of Munich which may be responsible for resistance to beta -lactams among Enterobacteriaceae isolates. JF - Folia Microbiologica AU - Benczeova, S AU - Adam, D AU - Vrabelova, M AU - Michalkova-Papajova, D AU - Kettner, M AD - Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia, kettner@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 457 EP - 464 VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0015-5632, 0015-5632 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - Cefotaxime KW - beta -Lactamase KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Ampicillin KW - Children KW - Plasmids KW - Aminoglycoside antibiotics KW - Ceftazidime KW - Intensive care units KW - Cefepime KW - Meropenem KW - beta -Lactam antibiotics KW - Germany KW - Endonuclease KW - Cefoxitin KW - Enterobacteriaceae KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Infants KW - Hospitals KW - J 02785:Beta-lactam antibiotics KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17729632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+Endemic+Plasmids+Causing+beta+-Lactam+Resistance+in+Enterobacteriaceae+in+Children%27s+University+Hospital+in+Munich&rft.au=Benczeova%2C+S%3BAdam%2C+D%3BVrabelova%2C+M%3BMichalkova-Papajova%2C+D%3BKettner%2C+M&rft.aulast=Benczeova&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Folia+Microbiologica&rft.issn=00155632&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clinical isolates; beta -Lactamase; Cefotaxime; Fluoroquinolones; Ampicillin; Plasmids; Children; Aminoglycoside antibiotics; Ceftazidime; Cefepime; Intensive care units; Meropenem; beta -Lactam antibiotics; Endonuclease; Cefoxitin; Antibiotic resistance; Hospitals; Infants; Enterobacteriaceae; Germany ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing historical and modern fire regimes in Michigan (USA): A landscape ecosystem approach AN - 17710831; 6024310 AB - We studied the relationships of landscape ecosystems to historical and contemporary fire regimes across 4.3 million hectares in northern lower Michigan (USA). Changes in fire regimes were documented by comparing historical fire rotations in different landscape ecosystems to those occurring between 1985 and 2000. Previously published data and a synthesis of the literature were used to identify six forest-replacement fire regime categories with fire rotations ranging from very short (1,000 years). We derived spatially-explicit estimates of the susceptibility of landscape ecosystems to fire disturbance using Landtype Association maps as initial units of investigation. Each Landtype Association polygon was assigned to a fire regime category based on associations of ecological factors known to influence fire regimes. Spatial statistics were used to interpolate fire points recorded by the General Land Office. Historical fire rotations were determined by calculating the area burned for each category of fire regime and dividing this area by fifteen (years) to estimate area burned per annum. Modern fire rotations were estimated using data on fire location and size obtained from federal and state agencies. Landtype Associations networked into fire regime categories exhibited differences in both historical and modern fire rotations. Historical rotations varied by 23-fold across all fire rotation categories, and modern forest fire rotations by 13-fold. Modern fire rotations were an order of magnitude longer than historical rotations. The magnitude of these changes has important implications for forest health and understanding of ecological processes in most of the fire rotation categories that we identified. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Cleland, D T AU - Crow, T R AU - Saunders, S C AU - Dickmann, DI AU - Maclean, AL AU - Jordan, J K AU - Watson, R L AU - Sloan, A M AU - Brosofske, K D AD - USDA Forest Service, Eastern Regional Office and Southern Research Station, Rhinelander, WI USA 54501, dcleland@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 311 EP - 325 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - USA, Michigan KW - Fires KW - Landscape KW - Historical ecology KW - D 04100:Terrestrial ecosystems - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17710831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Characterizing+historical+and+modern+fire+regimes+in+Michigan+%28USA%29%3A+A+landscape+ecosystem+approach&rft.au=Cleland%2C+D+T%3BCrow%2C+T+R%3BSaunders%2C+S+C%3BDickmann%2C+DI%3BMaclean%2C+AL%3BJordan%2C+J+K%3BWatson%2C+R+L%3BSloan%2C+A+M%3BBrosofske%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Cleland&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ALAND.0000030437.29258.3c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Michigan; Historical ecology; Fires; Landscape DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:LAND.0000030437.29258.3c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human influence on the abundance and connectivity of high-risk fuels in mixed forests of northern Wisconsin, USA AN - 17709297; 6024306 AB - Though fire is considered a 'natural' disturbance, humans heavily influence modern wildfire regimes. Humans influence fires both directly, by igniting and suppressing fires, and indirectly, by either altering vegetation, climate, or both. We used the LANDIS disturbance and succession model to compare the relative importance of a direct human influence (suppression of low intensity surface fires) with an indirect human influence (timber harvest) on the long-term abundance and connectivity of high-risk fuel in a 2791 km super(2) landscape characterized by a mixture of northern hardwood and boreal tree species in northern Wisconsin. High risk fuels were defined as a combination of sites recently disturbed by wind and sites containing conifer species/cohorts that might serve as 'ladder fuel' to carry a surface fire into the canopy. Two levels of surface fire suppression (high/current and low) and three harvest alternatives (no harvest, hardwood emphasis, and pine emphasis) were compared in a 2 x 3 factorial design using 5 replicated simulations per treatment combination over a 250-year period. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the landscape pattern of high-risk fuel (proportion of landscape, mean patch size, nearest neighbor distance, and juxtaposition with non fuel sites) was significantly influenced by both surface fire suppression and by forest harvest (p > 0.0001). However, the two human influences also interacted with each other (p < 0.001), because fire suppression was less likely to influence fuel connectivity when harvest disturbance was simultaneously applied. Temporal patterns observed for each of seven conifer species indicated that disturbances by either fire or harvest encouraged the establishment of moderately shade-tolerant conifer species by disturbing the dominant shade tolerant competitor, sugar maple. Our results conflict with commonly reported relationships between fire suppression and fire risk observed within the interior west of the United States, and illustrate the importance of understanding key interactions between natural disturbance, human disturbance, and successional responses to these disturbance types that will eventually dictate future fire risk. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Sturtevant, B R AU - Zollner, P A AU - Gustafson, E J AU - Cleland, D T AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA, bsturtevant@fs.fed.us) Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 235 EP - 254 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Abundance KW - Forests KW - Succession KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - Human impact KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17709297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Human+influence+on+the+abundance+and+connectivity+of+high-risk+fuels+in+mixed+forests+of+northern+Wisconsin%2C+USA&rft.au=Sturtevant%2C+B+R%3BZollner%2C+P+A%3BGustafson%2C+E+J%3BCleland%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Sturtevant&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ALAND.0000030420.87498.f7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Wisconsin; Human impact; Abundance; Forests; Fires; Succession DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:LAND.0000030420.87498.f7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Fusarium graminearum transformed with gfp to follow infection patterns in barley and Arabidopsis AN - 17706298; 6055055 AB - The fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum attacks the seed spikes of barley and wheat, causing sterility, reduced seed weight and accumulation of mycotoxins. To explore infection patterns in barley and in the Arabidopsis model system, the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) was used to transform F. graminearum. Inoculation of intact barley spikes resulted in rapid colonization of the brush hairs (ovary epithelial hairs) at the extruded seed tip within 7 h. Colonization followed a pattern of rapid basipetal growth along the pericarp epithelium (interior to the lemma and palea), accompanied by slower growth inward through the pericarp and testa. However, at 16 days after infection the aleurone and starchy endosperm remained uninfected, despite heavy colonization of the pericarp. Colonization of the outer lemma also occurred but was much slower. No increase in amylase enzyme activities was found, discounting the possibility that F. graminearum utilizes gibberellin-induced host enzymes to tap the endosperm for nutrients. The transformed Fusarium strain readily infected Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and produced copious spores within distant leaves. Results show the utility of gfp in tracing the growth of this pathogen, without misinterpretation due to contaminating fungi, and for resistance studies utilizing the Arabidopsis model system. JF - Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology AU - Skadsen, R W AU - Hohn, T M AD - USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Crops Research Unit, 501 Walnut St., Madison, WI 53726, USA, rskadsen@wisc.edu Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 45 EP - 53 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0885-5765, 0885-5765 KW - infection KW - Barley KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Hordeum vulgare KW - GFP gene KW - Transformed cells KW - Green fluorescent protein KW - Disease resistance KW - Fusarium graminearum KW - Mycotoxins KW - Arabidopsis KW - G 07352:Dicotyledons (miscellaneous) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32430:Plant Diseases: Control and resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17706298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.atitle=Use+of+Fusarium+graminearum+transformed+with+gfp+to+follow+infection+patterns+in+barley+and+Arabidopsis&rft.au=Skadsen%2C+R+W%3BHohn%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Skadsen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiological+and+Molecular+Plant+Pathology&rft.issn=08855765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.pmpp.2004.04.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arabidopsis; Fusarium graminearum; Hordeum vulgare; GFP gene; Green fluorescent protein; Mycotoxins; Transformed cells; Disease resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.04.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probability based models for estimation of wildfire risk AN - 17705510; 6027953 AB - We present a probability-based model for estimating fire risk. Risk is defined using three probabilities: the probability of fire occurrence; the conditional probability of a large fire given ignition; and the unconditional probability of a large fire. The model is based on grouped data at the 1 km super(2)-day cell level. We fit a spatially and temporally explicit non-parametric logistic regression to the grouped data. The probability framework is particularly useful for assessing the utility of explanatory variables, such as fire weather and danger indices for predicting fire risk. The model may also be used to produce maps of predicted probabilities and to estimate the total number of expected fires, or large fires, in a given region and time period. As an example we use historic data from the State of Oregon to study the significance and the forms of relationships between some of the commonly used weather and danger variables on the probabilities of fire. We also produce maps of predicted probabilities for the State of Oregon. Graphs of monthly total numbers of fires are also produced for a small region in Oregon, as an example, and expected numbers are compared to actual numbers of fires for the period 1989-1996. The fits appear to be reasonable; however, the standard errors are large indicating the need for additional weather or topographic variables. JF - International Journal of Wildland Fire AU - Preisler, H K AU - Brillinger AU - Burgan, R E AU - Benoit, J W AD - USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 800 Buchanan St., West Annex, Albany, CA 94710, USA, hpreisler@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 133 EP - 142 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 1049-8001, 1049-8001 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Probability KW - Weather KW - Mathematical models KW - Wildfire KW - USA, Oregon KW - R2 23030:Natural hazards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17705510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.atitle=Probability+based+models+for+estimation+of+wildfire+risk&rft.au=Preisler%2C+H+K%3BBrillinger%3BBurgan%2C+R+E%3BBenoit%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Preisler&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Wildland+Fire&rft.issn=10498001&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Oregon; Wildfire; Weather; Probability; Mathematical models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of forest management alternatives and land type on susceptibility to fire in northern Wisconsin, USA AN - 17700187; 6024311 AB - We used the LANDIS disturbance and succession model to study the effects of six alternative vegetation management scenarios on forest succession and the subsequent risk of canopy fire on a 2791 km super(2) landscape in northern Wisconsin, USA. The study area is a mix of fire-prone and fire-resistant land types. The alternatives vary the spatial distribution of vegetation management activities to meet objectives primarily related to forest composition and recreation. The model simulates the spatial dynamics of differential reproduction, dispersal, and succession patterns using the vital attributes of species as they are influenced by the abiotic environment and disturbance. We simulated 50 replicates of each management alternative and recorded the presence of species age cohorts capable of sustaining canopy fire and the occurrence of fire over 250 years. We combined these maps of fuel and fire to map the probability of canopy fires across replicates for each alternative. Canopy fire probability varied considerably by land type. There was also a subtle, but significant effect of management alternative, and there was a significant interaction between land type and management alternative. The species associated with high-risk fuels (conifers) tend to be favored by management alternatives with more disturbances, whereas low disturbance levels favor low-risk northern hardwood systems dominated by sugar maple. The effect of management alternative on fire risk to individual human communities was not consistent across the landscape. Our results highlight the value of the LANDIS model for identifying specific locations where interacting factors of land type and management strategy increase fire risk. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Gustafson, E J AU - Zollner, P A AU - Sturtevant, B R AU - He, H S AU - Mladenoff, D J AD - USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA, egustafson@fs.fed.us) Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 327 EP - 341 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Forest management KW - Mathematical models KW - Disturbance KW - Succession KW - USA, Wisconsin KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17700187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+forest+management+alternatives+and+land+type+on+susceptibility+to+fire+in+northern+Wisconsin%2C+USA&rft.au=Gustafson%2C+E+J%3BZollner%2C+P+A%3BSturtevant%2C+B+R%3BHe%2C+H+S%3BMladenoff%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ALAND.0000030431.12912.7f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Wisconsin; Forest management; Fires; Disturbance; Succession; Mathematical models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:LAND.0000030431.12912.7f ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use and misuse of landscape indices AN - 17699370; 6024315 AB - Landscape ecology has generated much excitement in the past two decades. One reason was that it brought spatial analysis and modeling to the forefront of ecological research. However, high expectations for landscape analysis to improve our understanding and prediction of ecological processes have largely been unfulfilled. We identified three kinds of critical issues: conceptual flaws in landscape pattern analysis, inherent limitations of landscape indices, and improper use of pattern indices. For example, many landscape analyses treat quantitative description of spatial pattern as an end itself and fail to explore relationships between pattern and process. Landscape indices and map data are sometimes used without testing their ecological relevance, which may not only confound interpretation of results, but also lead to meaningless results. In addition, correlation analysis with indices is impeded by the lack of data because of difficulties in large-scale experimentation and by complicated behavior of indices because of their varying responses to changes in scale and spatial pattern. These problems represent significant challenges to landscape pattern analysis, especially in terms of relating pattern to process. In this perspective paper, we examine the underlying problems of these challenges and offer some solutions. JF - Landscape Ecology AU - Li, H AU - Wu, J AD - USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Center for Forested Wetlands Research, 2730 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, USA, hli@fs.fed.us) Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 389 EP - 399 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0921-2973, 0921-2973 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Landscape KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17699370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Ecology&rft.atitle=Use+and+misuse+of+landscape+indices&rft.au=Li%2C+H%3BWu%2C+J&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Landscape+Ecology&rft.issn=09212973&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3ALAND.0000030441.15628.d6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Landscape DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:LAND.0000030441.15628.d6 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Performance of dairy cattle clones and evaluation of their milk composition AN - 17677881; 5997348 AB - Genetic and phenotypic performance of U.S. Holstein embryo-split and nuclear-transfer clones was documented for yield and fitness traits. For cows, mean genetic superiority based on pedigree was 186 kg of milk, 9 kg of fat, and 7 kg of protein for embryo-split clones and 165, 10, and 8 kg, respectively, for nuclear-transfer clones compared with the population for the same birth year; pedigree advantage for male clones generally was slightly greater. Estimates of genetic merit that considered a clone's own performance as well as pedigree merit were slightly lower for embryo-split cows than for their full siblings for yield but not for milk composition (fat and protein percentages), mastitis resistance (somatic cell score), longevity (productive life), or cow fertility (daughter pregnancy rate); no corresponding genetic differences were found for nuclear-transfer cows or for cloned bulls regardless of clone type. For bulls, estimated genetic merit based on daughter yield was more similar for clone pairs with apparent identical genotype than for pairs from the same biotechnology but nonidentical as confirmed by blood typing. Yield deviations were lower for clones than for their full siblings. Milk composition (total solids, fat, fatty acid profile, lactose, and protein) also was compared for nuclear-transfer clones (Brown Swiss, Holstein, and Holstein-Jersey cross) with non-cloned cows and literature values; no differences were found for gross chemical composition of milk. No obvious differences were evident between cloned and non-cloned animals or for the milk that they produced. JF - Cloning and Stem Cells AU - Norman, H D AU - Walsh, M K Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 157 EP - 164 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers, 2 Madison Ave Larchmont NY 10538-1962 USA, [URL:http://www.liebertpub.com/CLO/default1.asp] VL - 6 IS - 2 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - W2 32070:Animals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17677881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cloning+and+Stem+Cells&rft.atitle=Performance+of+dairy+cattle+clones+and+evaluation+of+their+milk+composition&rft.au=Norman%2C+H+D%3BWalsh%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cloning+and+Stem+Cells&rft.issn=15362302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling Boron Adsorption Isotherms and Envelopes Using the Constant Capacitance Model AN - 17653846; 6495383 AB - Boron adsorption on 23 soil samples belonging to six different soil orders was investigated both as a function of solution B concentration (0-23.1 mmol L super(-1)) and as a function of solution pH (4-11). Boron adsorption exhibited maxima at high solution B concentration. Boron adsorption increased with increasing solution pH, reached a maximum around pH 9, and decreased with further increases in solution pH. The constant capacitance model was able to describe B adsorption on the soil samples as a function of both solution B concentration and solution pH simultaneously by optimizing three surface complexation constants. The ability to describe B adsorption as a function of pH represents an advancement over the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm approaches. Incorporation of these constants into chemical speciation transport models will allow simulation of soil solution B concentrations under diverse environmental and agricultural conditions. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Goldberg, Sabine AD - USDA-ARS, George E. Brown, Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, sgoldberg@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 676 EP - 680 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 3 IS - 2 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17653846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Modeling+Boron+Adsorption+Isotherms+and+Envelopes+Using+the+Constant+Capacitance+Model&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+Sabine&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Sabine&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Models for Indirect Estimation of Water Retention and Available Water in Surface Soils AN - 17652328; 6495456 AB - Quantitative knowledge of the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties is required in most studies involving water flow and solute transport in the vadose zone. Unfortunately, direct measurement of such properties is often difficult, expensive and time-consuming. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) offer a means to estimate soil hydraulic properties based on predictors like texture, bulk density, and other soil variables. In this study, we focus on PTFs for water retention and show that systematic errors in five existing PTFs can be reduced by using water content-based objective functions, instead of parameter value- based objective functions. The alternative analysis was accomplished by establishing offset and slope coefficients for each estimated hydraulic parameter. Subsequently we evaluated these and six other PTFs for estimating water retention parameters using the NRCS soils database. A total of 47435 records containing 113970 observed water contents were used to test the PTFs for mean errors and root mean square errors. No overall superior model was found. Models with many calibration parameters or more input variables were not necessarily better than more simple models. All models underestimated water contents, with values ranging from -0.0086 to -0.0279 cm super(3) cm super(-3). Average root mean square errors ranged from 0.0687 cm super(3) cm super(-3) for a PTF that provided textural class average parameters to 0.0315 cm super(3) cm super(-3) for a model that also used two water retention points as predictors. Available soil water content for vegetation was estimated with errors ranging from 0.058 to 0.080 cm super(3) cm super(-3), depending on the model and the definition of available water. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Schaap, Marcel G AU - Nemes, Attila AU - Van Genuchten, Martinus Th AD - George E. Brown, Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507, mschaap@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1455 EP - 1463 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 3 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - SW 0845:Water in soils KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17652328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Models+for+Indirect+Estimation+of+Water+Retention+and+Available+Water+in+Surface+Soils&rft.au=Schaap%2C+Marcel+G%3BNemes%2C+Attila%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+Martinus+Th&rft.aulast=Schaap&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The amount and economic cost of feral swine damage to the last remnant of a basin marsh system in Florida AN - 17610039; 6146360 AB - Swine (Sus scrofa) have been introduced into many natural habitats throughout the world, and they have adversely affected the environment in most of those places. Basin marshes are unique, but dwindling ecosystems in Florida that are especially vulnerable to damage by feral swine. We estimated the amount of swine damage to the last remnant of a basin marsh system in Savannas Preserve State Park (SPSP), and to ecotones within the marsh. We also applied an economic valuation method for the swine damage that was based on the dollar amounts that wetland regulators have allowed permit applicants to spend in mitigation attempts to replace lost wetland resources. We found that swine damaged 19% of the exposed portion of the basin marsh in our study area. Seventy percent of the sample sites showed swine damage at the shoreline and 58% showed damage at the interface with the upland vegetation of the adjacent mesic flatwoods. The area damaged within our study site alone was valued between $1,238,760 and $4,036,290. These damage valuation estimates were considered conservative, because it was impossible to incorporate values for such contingencies as swine impact to state and federally listed endangered plants in SPSP, some of which are found nowhere else in the world. We also could not extrapolate an economic quantity to describe the threat posed by the swine inhabiting SPSP as a reservoir for transmission of diseases to domestic livestock. JF - Journal for Nature Conservation AU - Engeman, R M AU - Smith, H T AU - Severson, R AU - Severson, MA AU - Shwiff, SA AU - Constantin, B AU - Griffin, D AD - National Wildlife Research Center, USDA/Wildlife Services, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA, richard.m.engeman@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 143 EP - 147 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 1617-1381, 1617-1381 KW - Pig KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - M3 1120:Land KW - D 04712:Environmental degradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17610039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+Nature+Conservation&rft.atitle=The+amount+and+economic+cost+of+feral+swine+damage+to+the+last+remnant+of+a+basin+marsh+system+in+Florida&rft.au=Engeman%2C+R+M%3BSmith%2C+H+T%3BSeverson%2C+R%3BSeverson%2C+MA%3BShwiff%2C+SA%3BConstantin%2C+B%3BGriffin%2C+D&rft.aulast=Engeman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+for+Nature+Conservation&rft.issn=16171381&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jnc.2004.03.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2004.03.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial Synchrony in Population Dynamics AN - 17606979; 6139791 AB - Spatial synchrony refers to coincident changes in the abundance or other time-varying characteristics of geographically disjunct populations. This phenomenon has been documented in the dynamics of species representing a variety of taxa and ecological roles. Synchrony may arise from three primary mechanisms: (a) dispersal among populations, reducing the size of relatively large populations and increasing relatively small ones; (b) congruent dependence of population dynamics on a synchronous exogenous random factor such as temperature or rainfall, a phenomenon known as the "Moran effect"; and (c) trophic interactions with populations of other species that are themselves spatially synchronous or mobile. Identification of the causes of synchrony is often difficult. In addition to intraspecific synchrony, there are many examples of synchrony among populations of different species, the causes of which are similarly complex and difficult to identify. Furthermore, some populations may exhibit complex spatial dynamics such as spiral waves and chaos. Statistical tests based on phase coherence and/or time-lagged spatial correlation are required to characterize these more complex patterns of spatial dynamics fully. JF - Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics AU - Liebhold, A AU - Koenig, W D AU - Bjoernstad, ON AD - Northeastern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA, aliebhold@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 467 EP - 490 VL - 35 SN - 1543-592X, 1543-592X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04615:Ecology studies - general UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17606979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Ecology%2C+Evolution+and+Systematics&rft.atitle=Spatial+Synchrony+in+Population+Dynamics&rft.au=Liebhold%2C+A%3BKoenig%2C+W+D%3BBjoernstad%2C+ON&rft.aulast=Liebhold&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Ecology%2C+Evolution+and+Systematics&rft.issn=1543592X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132516 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132516 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vegetation and deer response to mechanical shrub clearing and burning AN - 17592467; 6249503 AB - Prescribed burning is a recommended maintenance treatment following mechanical treatments of south Texas brushlands, but it is unknown whether it is preferable to additional mechanical treatments to improve habitat for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Raf.). We tested the hypotheses that prescribed burning of aerated (top-growth removal of woody plants) plots during late summer would decrease protein-precipitating tannins in browse, increase forb biomass, and increase deer utilization compared to a second aeration. Ten patches of brush, ranging in size from 2.8-8.1 ha, were aerated during spring 1999. In late summer 2000, maintenance treatments were applied; 5 patches were burned and 5 were aerated a second time. Standing crop, nutritional quality, and tannin concentrations (browse only) of deer forages were estimated. Deer tracks crossing bulldozed lanes surrounding each patch were counted to estimate deer use. Standing crop of browse, forbs, grass, succulents, protein-precipitating tannins in browse, and track density did not differ between treatments. Based on deer use and forage biomass response, burning and a second aeration 16-17 months following an initial aeration appear to have similar effects on habitat characteristics and use of cleared patches by white-tailed deer. Because of lower cost, we recommended prescribed burning as a maintenance treatment of aerated shrublands.Original Abstract: El uso de quemas prescritas como tratamiento de mantenimiento es recomendable cuando se realizan tratamientos mecanicos en los matorrales del sur de Texas, sin embargo, se desconoce la conveniencia de realizar tratamientos mecanicos adicionales para mejorar el habitat de venado cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus Raf.).La hipotesis evaluada fue que la quema prescrita de areas tratadas con el aereador de suelo (remocion de la cubierta vegetal de plantas lenosas) al final del verano reduciria el contenido de taninos ligados a proteinas en el ramoneo, incrementando produccion de forraje de herbaceas y la utilizacion por venado cola blanca comparado con un segundo tratamiento de aereacion. El tratamiento con el aereador de suelo se aplico en diez areas de entre 2.8 y 8.1 ha durante la primavera de 1999. Al final del verano del 2000, se aplicaron los tratamientos de mantenimiento; 5 areas fueron quemadas y cinco se trataron con el aereador por segunda vez. Se estimo la produccion de biomasa, valor nutricional, y concentracion de taninos en la vegetacion ramoneable por los venados. Se contaron las huellas de los venados en las areas reastreadas alrede-dor de cada tratamiento para estimar el uso. La produccion de forraje de los arbustos, herbaceas, zacates, y suculentas, concentracion de taninos ligados a proteina en el ramoneo, y la densidad de huellas, no difirieron entre tratamientos. En base a la utilizacion de las areas por los venados, y la respuesta de la vegetacion en produccion de forraje, la quema prescrita y un segun-do tratamiento de aereacion 16 o 17 meses despues del tratamiento inicial tienen un efecto similar en las caracteristicas del habitat y la utilizacion de las areas tratadas por el venado. Sin embargo, se recomienda la quema prescrita como tratamiento de mantenimiento para areas aereadas debido a que es un tratamiento mas economico. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Rogers, JO AU - Fulbright, TE AU - Ruthven, D C AD - Rangeland Management Specialist, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pearsall, Tex. 78061 Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 41 EP - 48 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - White-tailed deer KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Shrubs KW - Odocoileus virginianus KW - Forbs KW - Tannic acid KW - Burning KW - Biomass KW - Aeration KW - Range management KW - Standing crop KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17592467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Vegetation+and+deer+response+to+mechanical+shrub+clearing+and+burning&rft.au=Rogers%2C+JO%3BFulbright%2C+TE%3BRuthven%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=JO&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&issue=1&page=41 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Odocoileus virginianus; Range management; Burning; Tannic acid; Aeration; Standing crop; Forbs; Biomass; Shrubs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0041:VADRTM]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Capacitance-Based Soil Water Probes in Coastal Plain Soils AN - 17583983; 6495448 AB - Soil water influences infiltration and runoff and consequently water quality. In situ measurements of soil water are critical for understanding hydrologic and water quality processes. Many advances have recently been made in soil water measurement techniques. In particular, instruments for estimating volumetric water content from measurements of soil electrical properties have become common. While the instruments have been shown to be good indicators of relative changes in soil water, questions remain regarding their ability to yield quantitative estimates. Most of these techniques rely on a limited set of calibration equations obtained through laboratory analysis of homogeneous soil materials (i.e., sand, silt, and clay). The accuracy of two capacitance-based soil water probes was assessed for a range of Coastal Plain soils. The probes measure capacitive and conductive soil properties and relate these to water content through calibration. Calibration curves for three different Coastal Plain soils were developed. Laboratory tests indicate that the probes yield estimates of volumetric water content within plus or minus 0.05 cm super(3) cm super(-3) of the observed values for these soils. Greater variability was observed in comparisons with field observations. Results indicate that improved equations can be developed through soil-specific laboratory calibration. The capacitance probes should prove to be useful tools for estimating volumetric water content in these soils. Additional work is required to quantify probe differences and the effects of soil conductivity on the measurements. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Bosch, David D AD - USDA-ARS, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, GA 31793, dbosch@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1380 EP - 1389 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 3 IS - 4 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Variability KW - Coastal Plains KW - Indicators KW - Probes KW - Soil Water KW - Clays KW - Calibrations KW - Sand KW - Soil Properties KW - Testing Procedures KW - Conductivity KW - Estimating KW - Laboratories KW - Water Quality KW - Silt KW - Infiltration KW - Runoff KW - Electrical Properties KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17583983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Capacitance-Based+Soil+Water+Probes+in+Coastal+Plain+Soils&rft.au=Bosch%2C+David+D&rft.aulast=Bosch&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1380&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil Water; Probes; Calibrations; Laboratories; Coastal Plains; Estimating; Water Quality; Infiltration; Soil Properties; Sand; Electrical Properties; Indicators; Runoff; Conductivity; Silt; Variability; Testing Procedures; Clays ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using High-Resolution Soil Moisture Data to Assess Soil Water Dynamics in the Vadose Zone AN - 17582283; 6495410 AB - Infiltration and water flow in soils are highly transient processes, but may be estimated from high frequency measurements of soil water content. The objectives of our study were to assess the impact of vadose zone soil water dynamics from real-time and near-continuous soil water content measurements and to assess the interactive effects of tillage, row position, and season on water infiltration, storage, drainage, and crop water uptake. Multisensor capacitance probes were installed at row and interrow positions at four soil depths in plow tillage (PT) and no tillage (NT) corn (Zea mays L.) plots, with volumetric water contents values recorded every 10 min for a 30-mo period. Three water parameters (cumulative water storage, net water storage, and drainage below 55 cm) were grouped for statistical analysis by rainfall amounts and "seasons" of primary periods of groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration. Crop water uptake amounts during extended dry-down periods were also quantified. We found more significant differences between tillage and row position treatments for high rainfalls (>17 mm) than for low rainfalls. When significant differences in the three water parameters existed between positions, these were due either to greater values in the row position or smaller values at the traffic interrow position. In general, more water uptake took place under PT than under NT and from row more than interrow or traffic interrow positions. These results show both the value and limitation of near-continuous real-time soil water data for quantifying soil water dynamics in varying management and weather conditions. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Starr, James L AU - Timlin, Dennis J AD - USDA-ARS Environmental Quality Lab., Bldg. 007, 10300 Baltimore Ave., BARC- W, Beltsville, MD 20705, starrj@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 926 EP - 935 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 3 IS - 3 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Moisture KW - Rainfall KW - Probes KW - Soil Water KW - Crops KW - Corn KW - Water Depth KW - Statistical Analysis KW - Absorption KW - Zones KW - Weather KW - Drainage KW - Flow Discharge KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Dynamics KW - Storage KW - Tillage KW - Water Storage KW - Infiltration KW - Groundwater Recharge KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0845:Water in soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17582283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Using+High-Resolution+Soil+Moisture+Data+to+Assess+Soil+Water+Dynamics+in+the+Vadose+Zone&rft.au=Starr%2C+James+L%3BTimlin%2C+Dennis+J&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=926&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil Water; Tillage; Rainfall; Absorption; Infiltration; Drainage; Crops; Water Storage; Flow Discharge; Moisture; Weather; Evapotranspiration; Statistical Analysis; Dynamics; Probes; Groundwater Recharge; Water Depth; Zones; Corn; Storage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study of Extracellular Plant Lactase AN - 17575736; 5925643 JF - Engineering in Life Sciences AU - Neubert, K AU - Stano, J AU - Micieta, K AU - Korenova, M AU - Blanarikova, V AD - Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institut fuer Biochemie, Kurt- Mothes Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany, micieta@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 281 EP - 283 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1618-0240, 1618-0240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Extracellular enzymes KW - Lactase KW - Plants KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 310:Agricultural Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17575736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Engineering+in+Life+Sciences&rft.atitle=Study+of+Extracellular+Plant+Lactase&rft.au=Neubert%2C+K%3BStano%2C+J%3BMicieta%2C+K%3BKorenova%2C+M%3BBlanarikova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Neubert&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Engineering+in+Life+Sciences&rft.issn=16180240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Felsc.200420031 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lactase; Plants; Extracellular enzymes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.200420031 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Avain Leukosis Virus Subgroup J in Egg-type Chickens Using In situ PCR and In situ Hybridization AN - 17545219; 6419477 JF - Acta Microbiologica Sinica AU - Lee, Lucy F AU - Mao-Xiang, Li AD - Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory USDA, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 584 EP - 587 PB - Science Press [China] VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0001-6209, 0001-6209 KW - chickens KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Avian leukosis virus KW - Leukosis KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22141:Diagnosis KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17545219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Microbiologica+Sinica&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Avain+Leukosis+Virus+Subgroup+J+in+Egg-type+Chickens+Using+In+situ+PCR+and+In+situ+Hybridization&rft.au=Lee%2C+Lucy+F%3BMao-Xiang%2C+Li&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=584&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Microbiologica+Sinica&rft.issn=00016209&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Chinese DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leukosis; Polymerase chain reaction; Avian leukosis virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-resolved fluorescence detection of Shiga-like toxins produced by Escherichia coli O157 and non-O157 in ground beef AN - 17540726; 6408556 AB - An immunomagnetic bead time-resolved fluorescence assay (IMB-TRF) was developed for the detection of Shiga-like toxins I and II (SLT I and II) from Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Twenty-five gram of ground beef patties were inoculated with 1 CFU/g of O157 or non-O157 (STEC) stored at 7C for 5 h and incubated with 100 mL added EC broth at 37C and 140 r.p.m. shaking for 20 h. Ten mu g/mL of ofloxacin was added to the EC broth after 20 h of incubation to enhance toxin production. After 4 more hours of incubation, samples were removed and centrifuged for 10 min at 5000 r.p.m. The supernatant was removed and saved and a bacterial protein extraction reagent was used to lyse the cells in the pellet and release intracellular SLTs (Fraction I) which were then recombined with extracellular SLTs (Fraction II) present in the supernatant. Immunomagnetic beads coated with monoclonal antibodies specific to Shiga-like toxins I and II were applied to capture and concentrate the toxins and captured toxins were labeled with lanthanide-tagged antitoxin antibodies to from sandwiched complexes prior to detection by a TRF reader. TRF pathogen detection levels, defined as signals greater than or equal to 2x uninoculated samples, were achieved in all STEC inoculated samples and no cross-reactivity was observed with either nonpathogenic microflora present on the meat or nontoxin-producing E. coli K12 inoculated samples. JF - Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology AU - Tu, Shu-I AU - Golden, M AU - Paoli, G AU - Gore, M AU - Gehring, A AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA, stu@errc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 247 EP - 258 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3999, 1060-3999 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Antitoxins KW - Fluorescence KW - Cross-reactivity KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Ofloxacin KW - Automation KW - Pathogens KW - Meat KW - Beef KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Escherichia coli KW - Microflora KW - Shiga-like toxin KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17540726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Rapid+Methods+and+Automation+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Time-resolved+fluorescence+detection+of+Shiga-like+toxins+produced+by+Escherichia+coli+O157+and+non-O157+in+ground+beef&rft.au=Tu%2C+Shu-I%3BGolden%2C+M%3BPaoli%2C+G%3BGore%2C+M%3BGehring%2C+A&rft.aulast=Tu&rft.aufirst=Shu-I&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Rapid+Methods+and+Automation+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=10603999&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1745-4581.2004.12405.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antitoxins; Meat; Cross-reactivity; Fluorescence; Monoclonal antibodies; Beef; Colony-forming cells; Ofloxacin; Microflora; Automation; Pathogens; Shiga-like toxin; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2004.12405.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties of a Recombinant beta -Glucosidase from Polycentric Anaerobic Fungus Orpinomyces PC-2 and Its Application for Cellulose Hydrolysis AN - 17514407; 6404355 AB - A beta -glucosidase (BglA, EC 3.2.1.21) gene from the polycentric anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces PC-2 was cloned and sequenced. The enzyme containing 657 amino acid residues was homologous to certain animal, plant, and bacterial beta -glucosidases but lacked significant similarity to those from aerobic fungi. Neither cellulose- nor protein-binding domains were found in BglA. When expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the enzyme was secreted in two forms with masses of about 110 kDa and also found in two forms associated with the yeast cells. K sub(m) and V sub(max) values of the secreted BglA were 0.762 mM and 8.20 Mmol/(min times mg), respectively, with p-nitrophenyl- beta -D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as the substrate and 0.310 mM and 6.45 Mmol/(min times mg), respectively, for the hydrolysis of cellobiose. Glucose competitively inhibited the hydrolysis of pNPG with a K sub(i) of 3.6 mM. beta -Glucosidase significantly enhanced the conversion of cellulosic materials into glucose by Trichoderma reesei cellulase preparations, demonstrating its potential for use in biofuel and feedstock chemical production. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Li, Xin-Liang AU - Ljungdahl, L G AU - Ximenes, E A AU - Chen, Huizhong AU - Felix, C R AU - Cotta, MA AU - Dien, B S AD - Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/ARS, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604-3902, USA Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 233 EP - 250 VL - 113 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - budding yeast KW - Trichoderma reesei KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - p-Nitrophenyl-b-D-glucopyranoside KW - Amino acids KW - cellobiose KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - ^b-Glucosidase KW - Hydrolysis KW - Cellulase KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - b-Glucosidase KW - Orpinomyces KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - W2 32310:Enzymes and cofactors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17514407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Properties+of+a+Recombinant+beta+-Glucosidase+from+Polycentric+Anaerobic+Fungus+Orpinomyces+PC-2+and+Its+Application+for+Cellulose+Hydrolysis&rft.au=Li%2C+Xin-Liang%3BLjungdahl%2C+L+G%3BXimenes%2C+E+A%3BChen%2C+Huizhong%3BFelix%2C+C+R%3BCotta%2C+MA%3BDien%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Xin-Liang&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Orpinomyces; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Hypocrea jecorina; b-Glucosidase; Hydrolysis; Glucose; Amino acids; cellobiose; p-Nitrophenyl-b-D-glucopyranoside; Cellulase; Cellulose; ^b-Glucosidase ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-Productivity Continuous Biofilm Reactor for Butanol Production: Effect of Acetate, Butyrate, and Corn Steep Liquor on Bioreactor Performance AN - 17511914; 6404328 AB - Corn steep liquor (CSL), a byproduct of the corn wet-milling process, was used in an immobilized cell continuous biofilm reactor to replace the expensive P2 medium ingredients. The use of CSL resulted in the production of 6.29 g/L of total acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) as compared with 6.86 g/L in a control experiment. These studies were performed at a dilution rate of 0.32 h super(-1). The productivities in the control and CSL experiment were 2.19 and 2.01 g/(L times h), respectively. Although the use of CSL resulted in a 10% decrease in productivity, it is viewed that its application would be economical compared to P2 medium. Hence, CSL may be used to replace the P2 medium. It was also demonstrated that inclusion of butyrate into the feed was beneficial to the butanol fermentation. A control experiment produced 4.77 g/L of total ABE, and the experiment with supplemented sodium buty-rate produced 5.70 g/L of total ABE. The butanol concentration increased from 3.14 to 4.04 g/L. Inclusion of acetate in the feed medium of the immobilized cell biofilm reactor was not found to be beneficial for the ABE fermentation, as reported for the batch ABE fermentation. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Qureshi, N AU - Karcher, P AU - Cotta, M AU - Blaschek, H P AD - United States Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Fermentation Biotechnology, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 713 EP - 722 VL - 114 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fermentation KW - Fuels KW - Immobilized cells KW - butanol KW - Acetic acid KW - Sodium KW - Bioreactors KW - Biofilms KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17511914?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=High-Productivity+Continuous+Biofilm+Reactor+for+Butanol+Production%3A+Effect+of+Acetate%2C+Butyrate%2C+and+Corn+Steep+Liquor+on+Bioreactor+Performance&rft.au=Qureshi%2C+N%3BKarcher%2C+P%3BCotta%2C+M%3BBlaschek%2C+H+P&rft.aulast=Qureshi&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioreactors; Fermentation; Biofilms; butanol; Immobilized cells; Acetic acid; Sodium; Fuels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of "Quick Fiber" Produced from a Modified Corn-Milling Process into Ethanol and Recovery of Corn Fiber AN - 17509976; 6404479 AB - Approximately 9% of the 9.7 billion bushels of corn harvested in the United States was used for fuel ethanol production in 2002, half of which was prepared for fermentation by dry grinding. The University of Illinois has developed a modified dry grind process that allows recovery of the fiber fractions prior to fermentation. We report here on conversion of this fiber (Quick Fiber [QF]) to ethanol. QF was analyzed and found to contain 32%wt glucans and 65%wt total carbohydrates. QF was pretreated with dilute acid and converted into ethanol using either ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain FBR5 or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For the bacterial fermentation the liquid fraction was fermented, and for the yeast fermentation both liquid and solids were fermented. For the bacterial fermentation, the final ethanol concentration was 30 g/L, a yield of 0.44 g ethanol/g of sugar(s) initially present in the hydrolysate, which is 85% of the theoretical yield. The ethanol yield with yeast was 0.096 gal/bu of processed corn assuming a QF yield of 3.04 lb/bu. The residuals from the fermentations were also evaluated as a source of corn fiber oil, which has value as a nutraceutical. Corn fiber oil yields were 8.28%wt for solids recovered following pretreatment. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Dien, B S AU - Nagle, N AU - Hicks, K B AU - Singh, V AU - Moreau, R A AU - Tucker, M P AU - Nichols, N N AU - Johnston, D B AU - Cotta, MA AU - Nguyen, Q AU - Bothast, R J AD - National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 0937 EP - 0950 VL - 115 IS - 1-3 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - budding yeast KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Fermentation KW - Fuels KW - Oils KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - Fibers KW - nutraceuticals KW - Escherichia coli KW - Carbohydrates KW - glucans KW - Hydrolysates KW - Ethanol KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 320:Cell Culture & Batch Fermentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17509976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+%22Quick+Fiber%22+Produced+from+a+Modified+Corn-Milling+Process+into+Ethanol+and+Recovery+of+Corn+Fiber&rft.au=Dien%2C+B+S%3BNagle%2C+N%3BHicks%2C+K+B%3BSingh%2C+V%3BMoreau%2C+R+A%3BTucker%2C+M+P%3BNichols%2C+N+N%3BJohnston%2C+D+B%3BCotta%2C+MA%3BNguyen%2C+Q%3BBothast%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Dien&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=0937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - 25th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Escherichia coli; Fermentation; Ethanol; Fibers; Fuels; Oils; Hydrolysates; nutraceuticals; Carbohydrates; glucans ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Within-population spatial synchrony in mast seeding of North American oaks AN - 17493695; 6257323 AB - Mast seeding, the synchronous production of large crops of seeds, has been frequently documented in oak species. In this study we used several North American oak data sets to quantify within-stand (<10 km) synchrony in mast dynamics. Results indicated that intraspecific synchrony in seed production always exceeded interspecific synchrony and was essentially constant over distances ranging from 100 m to 10 km. Asynchrony between species was at least partially attributable to differences in the endogenous dynamics in seed production caused by the varying numbers of years (1 or 2) required to mature seeds. Similarly, the magnitude of intraspecific seed production synchrony was related to intraspecific variation in endogenous dynamics; this intraspecific variation could be caused by spatial variation in habitat conditions. These results indicate that both interspecific and intraspecific variation in the endogenous processes generating variability in seed production may influence the magnitude of spatial synchrony in total (all species) mast production. Such findings may be of significance to understanding interactions between synchrony in mast seeding and animal consumer populations. JF - Oikos AU - Liebhold, Andrew AU - Sork, Victoria AU - Peltonen, Mikko AU - Koenig, Walter AU - Bjoernstad, Ottar N AU - Westfall, Robert AU - Elkinton, Joseph AU - Knops, Johannes MH AD - USDA Forest Service, 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, aliebhold@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 156 EP - 164 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd. VL - 104 IS - 1 SN - 0030-1299, 0030-1299 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - North America KW - spatial variations KW - Seeds KW - Seeding KW - Consumers KW - Crops KW - D 04640:Other angiosperms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17493695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oikos&rft.atitle=Within-population+spatial+synchrony+in+mast+seeding+of+North+American+oaks&rft.au=Liebhold%2C+Andrew%3BSork%2C+Victoria%3BPeltonen%2C+Mikko%3BKoenig%2C+Walter%3BBjoernstad%2C+Ottar+N%3BWestfall%2C+Robert%3BElkinton%2C+Joseph%3BKnops%2C+Johannes+MH&rft.aulast=Liebhold&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oikos&rft.issn=00301299&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.0030-1299.2004.12722.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - North America; Seeds; Seeding; spatial variations; Consumers; Crops DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12722.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological stability of agri-structure in submountain region AN - 17421490; 6538614 AB - The management of agriculture land is reflected in the form of landscape utilization and arrangement. It is expressed in the largeness of farmsteads and managed plots. They should be connected with natural conditions of the territory. The harmony between agriculture utilization of the territory and natural environment could be find in the sphere of ecological stability maintenance. Ecological stability of agricultural landscape keeping environmental principles is tied with a rotation of crops, an arrangement of soil plots, greenery lay-out and landscape components diversity. Within our contribution, dealt with geomorphological unit Chvojnica upland, this linking is following stresses on agri-ecological conditions and present agri-structures. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Pavlickova, K AU - Spisiak, P AU - Kusendova, D AD - Dpt. of Landscape Ecology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, pavlickova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 264 EP - 273 VL - 23 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Soil KW - Slovakia KW - Landscape KW - Stress KW - Territory KW - Crops KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17421490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Ecological+stability+of+agri-structure+in+submountain+region&rft.au=Pavlickova%2C+K%3BSpisiak%2C+P%3BKusendova%2C+D&rft.aulast=Pavlickova&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Agriculture; Landscape; Stress; Territory; Crops; Slovakia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landuse forms and the sustainable management in the Danube lowland area AN - 17418509; 6538610 AB - The recent landscape is the result of the long-lasting social and economic human activities. The landscape is created by elements which are influenced by human activities, elements which are partly or definitely changed. Landuse and the spatial organisation of the human activities has the significance with the connection of the negative phenomenons or conflicts, which are the result of the anthropogenical influences. Landuse forms evaluation is the one of the possibilities of the landscape evaluation. Landuse forms are created by the landscape elements which are connected with the social needs. The spatial structure of the landuse forms in the landscape refers on the enlargement of the urbanised areas, areas for transport, areas of the arable land. These types of the landuse forms has an influence on the recent landscape structure, landscape biodiversity and stability. Landuse forms mapping and its evaluation is the supposition of the complex landscape evaluation on the base of the sustainable management. The landuse forms and the sustainable management were evaluated in the Danube lowland area. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Nevrelova, M AD - Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Dept. of Ecosozology and Physiotactic, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republic, nevrelova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 223 EP - 230 VL - 23 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Agricultural land KW - Slovakia KW - Landscape KW - Economics KW - Biodiversity KW - Mapping KW - D 04700:Management KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17418509?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Landuse+forms+and+the+sustainable+management+in+the+Danube+lowland+area&rft.au=Nevrelova%2C+M&rft.aulast=Nevrelova&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural land; Economics; Landscape; Biodiversity; Mapping; Slovakia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Landscape-ecological evaluating of touring path in Low Tatra National Park AN - 17416099; 6538596 AB - With an ever increasing tempo of life, the need of rest and recreation comes to the forefront. The mounains here play a special role because of their aesthetic function. One of the very popular form of recreation is hiking. Low Tatra National Park is one of the areas with a continuous high level of hiking activity. In 2001 was evaluated the condition of the Low Tatra expres path in the region Durkovske sedlo-Demaenovske sedlo. Crucial criterion for the evaluation was the character of the surface. Based on the accumulated data it was determined that the hiking path evaluated is considerably influenced by the heavy load of tourist activity. A large part of its surface is without sod or sod is considerably reduced. The most prevailing sort of surface is compact soil with ascended base rock with fractions. The least abundant sort of surface is compact base rock. As a possitive contribution to lower the erosion influences was evaluated the pavement. Similar precausions would be good to made on some other parts, mainly on more steep parts or on the parts missing vegetation shell, as well as on the parts with more parallel paths. Concerning the width, the most represented widths are middle wide and wide paths. It is caused by leaving the trace and consequent widening of the path. JF - Ekologia (Bratislava)/Ecology (Bratislava) AU - Hudecova, B AD - Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University, Mlynska dolina B-2, 842 15 Bratislava, The Slovak Republik, bhudecova@fns.uniba.sk Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 77 EP - 85 VL - 23 SN - 1335-342X, 1335-342X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Soil KW - Slovakia KW - Recreation KW - National parks KW - Ecosystem management KW - Vegetation KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17416099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.atitle=Landscape-ecological+evaluating+of+touring+path+in+Low+Tatra+National+Park&rft.au=Hudecova%2C+B&rft.aulast=Hudecova&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ekologia+%28Bratislava%29%2FEcology+%28Bratislava%29&rft.issn=1335342X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Recreation; Ecosystem management; National parks; Vegetation; Slovakia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective control of rangeland grasshoppers with prescribed fire AN - 17393191; 6249501 AB - Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are considered among the most damaging rangeland pests, but are necessary for the survival of many wildlife species. Most grasshoppers species are innocuous, but control with insecticides is non-discriminatory among species. The objectives were to evaluate the effects of prescribed burning on the abundance and biomass of grasshoppers and to determine if species could be selectively controlled with prescribed fire. Twenty-four, 4-ha sites were selected in a sand sagebrush-mixed prairie near Woodward, Okla. and blocked by pasture. Plots were randomly assigned fall-, spring-, or non-burned treatments within block with 4 replications per treatment for each of 2 years. Grasshopper biomass and abundance were sampled in late July and early August by sweeping with canvas beating nets. Specimens were weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg and identified to species. Fire treatments had no effects on the total abundance or biomass of grasshoppers across species, with about 10 grasshoppers weighing 4,090 mg per 150 sweeps. Fire effects on the 4 most common species were variable and could be explained by the biology of the insects. Melanoplus bowditchi and M. flavidus were unaffected by fire treatment. Hesperotettix viridis is sensitive to damage to its host plants and was reduced about 88% by fire in either season. Ageneotettix deorum abundance was 65% lower on fall-burned plots. We hypothesize the reduction occurred because the species' eggs are laid near the soil surface and exposed to the heat of passing fire. Fire prescriptions may be developed to target species-specific vulnerabilities and reduce pest grasshoppers while maintaining the food base for grasshopper predators.Original Abstract: Los saltamontes (Orthoptera: Acrididae) son considerados entre las plagas mas daninas de los pastizales, pero son indispensables para la sobrevivencia de muchas especies de fauna silvestre. La mayoria de las especies de saltamontes son inofensivas, pero el control con insecticides es no discriminatorio entre estas especies. Los objetivos fueron evaluar los efectos de la quema prescrita sobre la abundancia y biomasa de saltamontes asi como determinar si las especies podrian ser selectivamente controladas con la quema prescrita. Veinticuatro sitios de 4 ha fueron selecionados en una pradera mixta de sand sagebrush cercana a Woodward, Okla. y fueron bloqueados por potrero. Las parcelas recibieron aleatoriamente los siguientes tratamientos: quema de otono, quema de primavera y sin quema dentro de cada bloquedo con 4 repeticiones por tratamiento por cada 2 anos. La biomasa y abundancia de los saltamontes fue muestreada a finales de Julio y a principios de Agosto barriendo con redes de lienzo. Los especimenes fueron pesados al cercano 0.1 mg e identificados a nivel de especie. Los tratamientos con fuego no tuvieron efecto sobre la abundancia y biomasa total entre especies, con 10 saltamontes pesando 4,090 mg por cada 150 barridas. El resultado de los tratamientos con fuego fue variable entre las 4 mas comunes especies y esto puede ser explicado por la biologia de los insectos. Melanoplus bowditchi y M. flavidus no fueron afectadas por el fuego. Hesperotettix viridis fue sensitiva, siendo reducida alrededor de un 88% debido al dano de recibido por las plantas hospedadoras en ambas temporadas. La abundancia de Ageneotettix deorum fue 65% mas baja en las parcelas con quema de otono. Nosotros hipotetizamos que la reduccion ocurrio debido a que las especies depositan sus huevos sobre la superficie del suelo y por lo tanto estan expuestas al calor del fuego. Prescripciones para el uso del fuego pueden ser desarrolladas par las especies objetivo tomando en cuenta las vulnerabilidades especificas de las especies y de esta forma reducir las especies de saltamontes plaga mientras se mantiene disponibilidad de alimento para las especies depredadoras de saltamontes. JF - Rangeland Ecology & Management AU - Vermeire, L T AU - Mitchell, R B AU - Fuhlendorf, S D AU - Wester, D B AD - Rangeland Scientist, USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, 243 Fort Keogh Rd., Miles City, Mont. 59301 Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 29 EP - 33 PB - Society for Range Management VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 1550-7424, 1550-7424 KW - Grasshoppers KW - Orthoptera KW - Entomology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Abundance KW - Biomass KW - USA, Oklahoma KW - Soil KW - Hesperotettix viridis KW - Rangelands KW - Acrididae KW - Insecticides KW - Heat KW - Pests KW - Melanoplus flavidus KW - Ageneotettix deorum KW - Melanoplus bowditchi KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology KW - D 04710:Control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17393191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.atitle=Selective+control+of+rangeland+grasshoppers+with+prescribed+fire&rft.au=Vermeire%2C+L+T%3BMitchell%2C+R+B%3BFuhlendorf%2C+S+D%3BWester%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Vermeire&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rangeland+Ecology+%26+Management&rft.issn=15507424&rft_id=info:doi/10.2111%2F1551-5028%282004%290572.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=1550-7424&volume=57&issue=1&page=29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Rangelands; Fires; Insecticides; Heat; Abundance; Pests; Biomass; Hesperotettix viridis; Acrididae; Orthoptera; Melanoplus flavidus; Melanoplus bowditchi; Ageneotettix deorum; USA, Oklahoma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0029:SCORGW]2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the Efficacy of Dredged Materials from Lake Panasoffkee, Florida: Implication to Environment and Agriculture - Part I: Soil and Environmental Quality Aspect AN - 17330356; 6220898 AB - Background, Aims and Scope. Dredged materials because of its variable but unique physical and chemical properties are often viewed by society and regulators as pollutants, but many have used these materials in coastal nourishment, land or wetland creation, construction materials, and for soil improvement as a soil amendment. Environmental impact assessment is an important pre-requisite to many dredging initiatives. The ability to reuse lake-dredge materials (LDM) for agricultural purposes is important because it reduces the need for offshore disposal and provides an alternative to disposal of the materials in landfills. Additional research on disposal options of dredged materials are much needed to supply information on criteria testing and evaluation of the physical and chemical impacts of dredged materials at a disposal site, as well as information on many other aspects of dredging and dredged material disposal. While preliminary efforts are underway to provide information to establish criteria for land disposal, testing procedures for possible land disposal of contaminated sediments are still in their developing stage. The objective of this study (Part 1) was to quantify the effect of applied LDM from Lake Panasoffkee (LP), Florida on soil physico-chemical properties (soil quality) at the disposal site. This series of two papers aims at providing assessment of the efficacy of lake-dredged materials from LP especially its implication to environment (soil quality, Part 1) and agriculture (forage quality and pasture establishment, Part 2). JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research International AU - Sigua, Gilbert AU - Holtkamp, Mike AU - Coleman, Samuel AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, Brooksville, FL 34601, USA, gcsigua@mail.ifas.ufl.edu Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 321 EP - 326 PB - Ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft AG & Co. KG VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 0944-1344, 0944-1344 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - USA, Florida KW - Soil Compaction KW - Pastures KW - Nutrients KW - Freshwater KW - Pasture KW - USA, Florida, Panasoffkee L. KW - Disposal sites KW - Lakes KW - Organic Matter KW - Economics KW - Soils KW - Sediment Contamination KW - Wetlands KW - ASW, USA, Florida KW - Water Quality KW - Environmental impact KW - Developmental stages KW - Construction materials KW - Trace Metals KW - Soil Amendments KW - Cations KW - Environmental quality KW - Dredging KW - Benefits KW - Agriculture KW - Water Reuse KW - Landfills KW - Land Disposal KW - Agricultural pollution KW - Compaction KW - Environmental factors KW - Forages KW - Assessments KW - Pollutants KW - Sediment pollution KW - Organic matter KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Lake deposits KW - Livestock KW - Land disposal KW - Tropical environments KW - Chemical properties KW - Trace metals KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17330356?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Pollution+Research+International&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+Efficacy+of+Dredged+Materials+from+Lake+Panasoffkee%2C+Florida%3A+Implication+to+Environment+and+Agriculture+-+Part+I%3A+Soil+and+Environmental+Quality+Aspect&rft.au=Sigua%2C+Gilbert%3BHoltkamp%2C+Mike%3BColeman%2C+Samuel&rft.aulast=Sigua&rft.aufirst=Gilbert&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Pollution+Research+International&rft.issn=09441344&rft_id=info:doi/10.1065%2Fespr2004.08.212.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sediment pollution; Pollutants; Soils; Environmental impact; Construction materials; Developmental stages; Dredging; Wetlands; Lake deposits; Chemical properties; Environmental factors; Agriculture; Agricultural pollution; Organic matter; Physicochemical properties; Nutrients; Pasture; Livestock; Disposal sites; Lakes; Cations; Tropical environments; Land disposal; Economics; Environmental quality; Trace metals; Water Reuse; Landfills; Soil Compaction; Land Disposal; Water Quality; Pastures; Compaction; Forages; Trace Metals; Soil Amendments; Assessments; Organic Matter; Sediment Contamination; Benefits; USA, Florida, Panasoffkee L.; ASW, USA, Florida; USA, Florida; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2004.08.212.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil pH and Anion Abundance Affects on Copper Adsorption AN - 17323816; 6192532 AB - Copper (Cu) input to agricultural soils results from Cu containing pesticides and/or that in soil amendments, such as manure or sewage sludge. Soil and soil solution properties influence the adsorption and desorption of Cu by the soil, which in turn determines its plant availability and/or phytotoxicities. Effects of different anion enrichment in the equilibrium solution on Cu adsorption by different soils (pH range of 6.2-9.9) were investigated in this study over a range of Cu concentrations. With Cu concentrations in the range of 0-100 mg L super(-1) in the equilibration solution, 95-99% of applied Cu was adsorbed by all three soils. The adsorption of Cu was similar regardless of using either 0.01 M CaCl sub(2) or Ca(NO sub(3)) sub(2) as the equilibration solution. When the Cu concentration in the equilibration solution was further increased in the range of 500-2000 mg L super(-1) the adsorption of Cu decreased from 60 to 24% of applied Cu in two soils with pH 6.2-7.9. In a high pH soil (pH = 9.9), the Cu adsorption decreased from 77 to 34%. Addition of incinerated sewage sludge (ISS) to a Palouse silt loam soil (pH = 6.2) increased the Cu adsorption as compared to that by unamended soil. This was, in part, due to an increase in the soil suspension pH with ISS amendment. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes AU - Alva, A K AU - Baugh, T J AU - Sajwan, K S AU - Paramasivam, S AD - USDA-ARS, Vegetable and Forage Crops Research Unit, Prosser, WA, USA, aalva@pars.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 903 EP - 910 VL - B39 IS - 5-6 SN - 0360-1234, 0360-1234 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Desorption KW - Animal wastes KW - Manure KW - Anions KW - Sewage sludge KW - Agricultural wastes KW - agricultural land KW - silt KW - Copper KW - loam KW - Pesticides KW - Adsorption KW - Phytotoxicity KW - pH KW - abundance KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17323816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.atitle=Soil+pH+and+Anion+Abundance+Affects+on+Copper+Adsorption&rft.au=Alva%2C+A+K%3BBaugh%2C+T+J%3BSajwan%2C+K+S%3BParamasivam%2C+S&rft.aulast=Alva&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=B39&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+B%3A+Pesticides%2C+Food+Contaminants+and+Agricultural+Wastes&rft.issn=03601234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FLESB-200030900 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anions; Manure; Animal wastes; Desorption; Sewage sludge; Agricultural wastes; silt; agricultural land; Copper; loam; Pesticides; Adsorption; Phytotoxicity; pH; abundance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/LESB-200030900 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating dietary risk from soils in urban gardens AN - 17292930; 6087203 AB - Soil contamination is a public health concern in many countries, but methods to assess dietary risk from soil metal toxicity have not been standardised worldwide. Laboratory data on urban soils are limited and do not adequately link metal content to associated food plant uptake. Cadmium accumulates in lettuce leaves and may be consumed at dangerous levels by child-bearing women. Two estimates of soil cadmium bioavailability were compared for urban soils from the USA and Moscow at 0-30 cm depth. The Lakanen-Ervio (LE) factor was developed from the relationship of bioavailable cadmium from EDTA extracts with total soil cadmium as applied in studies on lettuce. The cadmium/zinc ratio is based on metal interactions due to similar chemical behaviour in soil solution. The objective of this study was to develop a method for evaluating dietary risk from lettuce grown in urban settings that are potentially contaminated with cadmium or other metals. The hypothesis was that the LE bioavailability factor correlates with the cadmium/zinc ratio in a positive linear relationship. Dietary risk thresholds examined were: (1) total soil cadmium/zinc (Cd/Zn) ratio over 0.015; and (2) LE factor above 2.5 (65.5% of total cadmium). Cadmium and zinc levels were generally higher in the soil samples from the USA than in samples from the Moscow area. Correlation between the Cd/Zn ratio and the LE factor was positive and statistically significant for samples from an urban garden and park in the USA. Urban soils from industrial sites showed weaker relationships between the two estimates, and few soils were considered a potential dietary risk by either estimate. The two estimates appear to work well in identifying dietary risk from cadmium only when both thresholds are met. Metal bioavailability in different soils appears to depend on soil metal content, soil particle size, soil reaction (pH), soil organic matter, soil wetness, and other properties. Further research is needed to determine the effect of soil type on cadmium content and bioavailability. Risk guidelines are needed to assist citizens in using soils for community gardens, especially on multipurpose sites with playgrounds and parks in urban areas. The results of this study may help to minimise human health risks associated with cadmium contamination, and aid in the evaluation of other metals. JF - Land Contamination & Reclamation AU - Scheyer, J M AD - United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, 100 Centennial Mall North, Room 152, Lincoln, Nebraska 68508-3866, USA, joyce.scheyer@nssc.nrcs.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 197 EP - 203 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0967-0513, 0967-0513 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Russia, Moscow KW - Particle size KW - Heavy metals KW - Organic matter KW - Toxicity KW - Soil contamination KW - Food contamination KW - Ingestion KW - Public health KW - Bioavailability KW - USA KW - Recreation areas KW - Zinc KW - Plants KW - Cadmium KW - Urban areas KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17292930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Land+Contamination+%26+Reclamation&rft.atitle=Estimating+dietary+risk+from+soils+in+urban+gardens&rft.au=Scheyer%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Scheyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Land+Contamination+%26+Reclamation&rft.issn=09670513&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Heavy metals; Organic matter; Soil contamination; Toxicity; Ingestion; Food contamination; Public health; Bioavailability; Recreation areas; Zinc; Plants; Cadmium; Urban areas; Russia, Moscow; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methane and nitrogen oxide fluxes in tropical agricultural soils: Sources, sinks and mechanisms AN - 17291587; 5895849 AB - Tropical soils are important sources and sinks of atmospheric methane (CH sub(4)) and major sources of oxides of nitrogen gases, nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O) and NO sub(x) (NO+NO sub(2)). These gases are present in the atmosphere in trace amounts and are important to atmospheric chemistry and earth's radiative balance. Although nitric oxide (NO) does not directly contribute to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation, it contributes to climate forcing through its role in photochemistry of hydroxyl radicals and ozone (O sub(3)) and plays a key role in air quality issues. Agricultural soils are a primary source of anthropogenic trace gas emissions, and the tropics and subtropics contribute greatly, particularly since 51% of world soils are in these climate zones. JF - Environment, Development and Sustainability AU - Mosier, A AU - Wassmann, R AU - Verchot, L AU - King, J AU - Palm, C AD - USDA/ARS, P.O. Box E. 301 South Howes, Federal Building Room 420, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, arvin.mosier@ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 11 EP - 49 VL - 6 IS - 1-2 SN - 1387-585X, 1387-585X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Photochemistry KW - Air quality KW - Nitrous oxide KW - Radiation KW - Soils KW - Emissions KW - Ozone KW - Methane KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Hydroxyl radicals KW - Climate effects KW - Gases KW - Tropical environments KW - Atmospheric chemistry KW - Nitric oxide KW - Nitrogen KW - M3 1120:Land KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17291587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment%2C+Development+and+Sustainability&rft.atitle=Methane+and+nitrogen+oxide+fluxes+in+tropical+agricultural+soils%3A+Sources%2C+sinks+and+mechanisms&rft.au=Mosier%2C+A%3BWassmann%2C+R%3BVerchot%2C+L%3BKing%2C+J%3BPalm%2C+C&rft.aulast=Mosier&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment%2C+Development+and+Sustainability&rft.issn=1387585X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photochemistry; Methane; Greenhouse effect; Air quality; Nitrogen oxides; Climate effects; Hydroxyl radicals; Gases; Radiation; Nitrous oxide; Soils; Atmospheric chemistry; Emissions; Nitric oxide; Ozone; Nitrogen; Tropical environments ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utilization of Biosolids as a Fertilizer for Canola AN - 17287316; 5916669 AB - A two-year study was conducted to determine the crop yield and nutrient uptake in canola and elemental levels in soils amended with biosolids applied at four rates for seven years. The biosolids application rates of 0, 1.9, 5.8, and 11.7 Mg ha super(-1) (dry basis) were based on providing the following amounts of total N (in kg N ha super(-1)): 0 (control), 57 (low), 170 (medium), and 340 (high). After second year harvest, soil samples were collected from 0-15 and 15-45 cm depths and analyzed for total and water-extractable essential (N, Ca, Mg, K, P, S, B, Mn, Zn, and Cu) and nonessential elements (Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni), pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Generally, biosolids application significantly increased the concentrations of total and water extractable essential elements at the 0-15 cm depth, whereas concentrations of total and water extractable nonessential elements (Cd, Cr, Co, and Ni) were only detected at trace levels for both depths. There was a significant increase in soil EC and soil organic matter content with biosolids application at the 0-15 cm depth. Biosolids treatments significantly increased the total dry matter yields 1.5 to 3.8 times above that of the control and increased concentrations of most essential elements in canola leaves. The overall results suggest that amending sandy loam soils with biosolids of the tested quality can increase yield and forage quality of canola leaves with negligible increases in nonessential trace element concentrations in soil and/or in leaves. JF - Compost Science & Utilization AU - Banuelos, G S AU - Sharmasarkar, S AU - Pasakdee, S AD - USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Laboratory, Parlier, California, USA Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 61 EP - 68 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 1065-657X, 1065-657X KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Compost KW - Fertilizers KW - Organic matter KW - Nutrients KW - Biosolids KW - Recycling KW - Agrochemicals KW - Crops KW - Trace elements KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17287316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Compost+Science+%26+Utilization&rft.atitle=Utilization+of+Biosolids+as+a+Fertilizer+for+Canola&rft.au=Banuelos%2C+G+S%3BSharmasarkar%2C+S%3BPasakdee%2C+S&rft.aulast=Banuelos&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Compost+Science+%26+Utilization&rft.issn=1065657X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Compost; Fertilizers; Organic matter; Nutrients; Recycling; Biosolids; Agrochemicals; Crops; Trace elements ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Group size and nest success in Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in the West Gulf Coastal Plain: helpers make a difference AN - 17277825; 5853059 AB - We studied the relationships between Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) group size and nest productivity. Red-cockaded Woodpecker group size was positively correlated with fledging success. Although the relationships between woodpecker group size and nest productivity measures were not statistically significant, a pattern of increasing clutch size and number of hatchlings with increasing group size was apparent. The presence of helpers appeared to enhance the survival of nestlings between hatching and fledging. The contribution that helpers make to nestling feeding and incubation, cavity excavation, and territory defense appears to have a positive effect on nest productivity. A threshold number of helpers may be necessary before a significant benefit for fledging success is realized. Nests with four and five group members fledged more young than nests with two or three group members. Whether partial brood loss occurred or not within a nest was primarily a function of clutch size and the number of hatchlings. Although partial brood loss did affect the number of young fledged from individual nests by removing young from nests with high numbers of hatchlings, woodpecker group size appeared to be the primary determinant of fledging success.Original Abstract: Tamano del grupo y exito de anidaje de Picoides borealis, en el Llano Costanero de la Parte Occidental del Golfo: los asistentes hacen la diferencia eta studiamos la relacion entre el tamano de los grupos y la productividad de los nidos del carpintero Picoides borealis. En la especie, el tamano del grupo fue correlacionado positivamente con el exito de anidamiento. Aunque la relacion entre el tamao de los groups y la productividad de los nidos no resulto estadisticamente significative, notamos un patron de incremento en la camada y pichones nacidos con un aumento en el numero de individuos en el grupo. La presencia de asistentes parece mejorar la sobrevivencia de los pichones en el periodo de pichonada a volanton. La contribucion de los asistentes en la excavacion del nido, incubacion, alimentacion de los pichones y la defenza del territorio parece tener un efecto positivo en la productividad de las aves. Parece haber un umbral en referecia al numero de asistentes con respecto al efecto positivo en el numero de aves que dejan el nido. Grupos de cuatro o cinco individuos, produjeron mas volantones que nidos con dos o tres miembros. El hecho de que ocurriera un perdida parcial de la camada, resulto ser una funcion primaria del tamano de la camada y del numero de recien nacidos. Aunque en algunos nidos, la perdida parcial de pichones afecto el numero que lograron volar (al eliminar individuos de nidos con altos numeros de recien nacidos), el tamano del grupo atendiendo el nido parecio ser el factor principal en relacion al numero de volantones producidos. JF - Journal of Field Ornithology AU - Conner, R N AU - Saenz, D AU - Schaefer, R R AU - McCormick, J R AU - Rudolph, D C AU - Burt, D B AD - Wildlife Habitat and Silviculture Laboratory (maintained in cooperation with the Arthur Temple College of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State University), Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 506 Hayter Street, Nacogdoches, Texas 75965 USA, c_connerrn@titan.sfasu.edu Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 74 EP - 78 PB - Association of Field Ornithologists VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 0273-8570, 0273-8570 KW - Red-cockaded woodpecker KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - clutch size KW - Group size KW - Picoides borealis KW - Nests KW - USA KW - Breeding success KW - D 04671:Birds KW - Y 25426:Birds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17277825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.atitle=Group+size+and+nest+success+in+Red-cockaded+Woodpeckers+in+the+West+Gulf+Coastal+Plain%3A+helpers+make+a+difference&rft.au=Conner%2C+R+N%3BSaenz%2C+D%3BSchaefer%2C+R+R%3BMcCormick%2C+J+R%3BRudolph%2C+D+C%3BBurt%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Field+Ornithology&rft.issn=02738570&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0273-8570%282004%29075%280074%3AGSANSI%292.0.CO%3B2 L2 - http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0273-8570&volume=75&page=74 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Picoides borealis; USA; Group size; Breeding success; Nests; clutch size DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0273-8570(2004)075(0074:GSANSI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative sequence analysis of Bordetella bronchiseptica pertactin gene (prn) repeat region variants in swine vaccines and field isolates AN - 17236304; 6972821 AB - The product of the Bordetella bronchiseptica pertactin gene, prn, has been implicated as an adhesin and a protective immunogen in swine. Recent studies demonstrate prn sequence heterogeneity in swine isolates and vaccine strains within and surrounding the region 1 amino acid repeat GGXXP sub(n) and the region 2 amino acid repeat PQP sub(n). However, only a few isolates have been evaluated. Allelic variation between vaccine strains and field isolates may affect vaccine efficacy, since region 2 is known to encode an immunodominant protective epitope. In the present study, the DNA and predicted amino acid sequences of the pertactin repeat regions from a collection of 81 recent swine field isolates and 5 vaccine strains from the United States were determined. Two region 1 variants and four region 2 variants, one of which has not been previously reported, were identified, comprising four pertactin types. Four vaccines are derived from strains with a region 1 variant identical to that found in the majority of field isolates. However, only two vaccines possess the most commonly identified sequence in region 2, while two others contain a variant found in only one other swine isolate. Ribotype analysis demonstrated that although vaccines containing the novel region 2 variant fall within the same major cluster as other common swine ribotypes, they are less closely related. No relationship was observed between pertactin type and ribotype. JF - Vaccine AU - Register, Karen B AD - Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA, kregiste@nadc.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 48 EP - 57 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington St. Newton MA 02158 USA VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Bordetella KW - Pertactin KW - Vaccine KW - Adhesins KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Vaccines KW - Epitopes KW - Amino acid sequence KW - G 07720:Immunogenetics KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06100:Vaccines - active immunity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17236304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Comparative+sequence+analysis+of+Bordetella+bronchiseptica+pertactin+gene+%28prn%29+repeat+region+variants+in+swine+vaccines+and+field+isolates&rft.au=Register%2C+Karen+B&rft.aulast=Register&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2004.07.020 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adhesins; Nucleotide sequence; Vaccines; Epitopes; Amino acid sequence; Bordetella bronchiseptica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.07.020 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling biological disturbances in LANDIS: a module description and demonstration using spruce budworm AN - 17227136; 6967456 AB - Insects and diseases are common disturbance agents in forested ecosystems. Severe outbreaks can cause significant changes in tree species composition, age structure, and fuel conditions over broad areas. To investigate the role of biological disturbances in shaping forest landscapes over time, we constructed a new "biological disturbance agent" (BDA) module for a landscape-level forest succession and disturbance simulator, LANDIS. The BDA module is designed to simulate tree mortality following major outbreaks of insects and/or disease. Major outbreaks are defined as those significant enough to influence forest succession, fire disturbance, or harvest disturbance at landscape scales. Module design is flexible to accommodate a diversity of life history traits characterizing destructive insects and diseases, and more than one BDA can be simulated to examine their interactions. Five main elements control the probability of biological disturbance within the module: (1) local host dominance on a given site; (2) host value modifiers that reflect environmental conditions and recent disturbance history; (3) host dominance within a user- specified neighborhood; (4) the temporal outbreak pattern characteristic of the BDA, and (5) BDA dispersal in cases where the annual dispersal range of the BDA is small relative to the study area. In this paper, we describe the first four elements of the BDA module, and present the initial testing of the module on a variety of neutral landscape patterns, using Eastern spruce budworm as a test case. Our results are consistent with published successional patterns of spruce- fir and mixed forests affected by spruce budworm, but also highlight areas of uncertainty in the spatio-temporal patterns of budworm-caused tree mortality and biological disturbances in general. We suggest that the behavior of the module is consistent with the design and intended purpose of LANDIS as a probabilistic landscape-level simulator of forest disturbance and succession. JF - Ecological Modelling AU - Sturtevant, Brian R AU - Gustafson, Eric J AU - Li, Wei AU - He, Hong S AD - Forestry Science Laboratory, North Central Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA, bsturtevant@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 153 EP - 174 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 180 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3800, 0304-3800 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts KW - Biological disturbance agents KW - Forest insects and disease KW - Spatially explicit landscape model KW - LANDIS KW - Succession KW - Eastern spruce budworm KW - Choristoneura fumiferana KW - Trees KW - Landscape KW - Forests KW - Disturbance KW - Pest outbreaks KW - Dominance KW - D 04700:Management KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17227136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Modelling&rft.atitle=Modeling+biological+disturbances+in+LANDIS%3A+a+module+description+and+demonstration+using+spruce+budworm&rft.au=Sturtevant%2C+Brian+R%3BGustafson%2C+Eric+J%3BLi%2C+Wei%3BHe%2C+Hong+S&rft.aulast=Sturtevant&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Modelling&rft.issn=03043800&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecolmodel.2004.01.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Trees; Landscape; Forests; Disturbance; Succession; Pest outbreaks; Dominance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.01.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pelargonic Acid and Rainfall Effects on Glyphosate Activity in Trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans) AN - 1666298994; 5902823 AB - The effects of pelargonic acid and rainfall on glyphosate activity, absorption, and translocation in trumpetcreeper were investigated. Four- to six-leaf-stage plants raised from rootstocks were treated with glyphosate at 0, 0.42, 0.84, 1.68, and 3.36 kg ae/ha. Glyphosate at 1.68 kg/ha and higher controlled trumpetcreeper >98% and completely inhibited regrowth from rootstocks of treated plants. A simulated rainfall of 2.5 cm water applied at 6 h after glyphosate application (HAA) reduced efficacy by one-fifth compared with no rainfall. Absorption of 14C-glyphosate in trumpetcreeper increased from 2.3 to 20.2%, whereas translocation increased from 0.4 to 10.5% from 6 to 192 HAA. At 192 HAA, 9.7% of the recovered 14C-label remained in the treated leaf, 0.6% moved above the treated leaf, and 9.0% moved to fibrous roots and rootstock. The addition of pelargonic acid to glyphosate did not improve glyphosate absorption or translocation or synergize activity in trumpetcreeper compared with glyphosate alone. These results suggest that a 24-h rain-free period and 4 d without disturbance from tillage could maximize glyphosate absorption and translocation in trumpetcreeper. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; pelargonic acid; trumpetcreeper, Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau NUMBER SIGN CMIRA. Additional index words: Absorption, interaction, rainfastness, regrowth, translocation, uptake. Abbreviations: HAA, hours after application; WAT, weeks after treatment. JF - Weed Technology AU - Chachalis, D AU - Reddy, K N AD - Greek National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF), Plant Protection Institute of Volos, P.O. Box 303, Volos 380 01, Greece, kreddyrs.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 66 EP - 72 PB - Weed Science Society of America VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0890-037X, 0890-037X KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Weeds KW - Simulated rainfall KW - Tillage KW - Acids KW - Absorption KW - Roots KW - Translocation KW - SW 0815:Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1666298994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Weed+Technology&rft.atitle=Pelargonic+Acid+and+Rainfall+Effects+on+Glyphosate+Activity+in+Trumpetcreeper+%28Campsis+radicans%29&rft.au=Chachalis%2C+D%3BReddy%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Chachalis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Weed+Technology&rft.issn=0890037X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0890-037X%282004%29018%280066%3APAAREO%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weeds; Simulated rainfall; Acids; Tillage; Absorption; Roots; Translocation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0890-037X(2004)018(0066:PAAREO)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the source of streamwater nitrate using delta super(15)N and delta super(18)O in nitrate in two watersheds in New Hampshire, USA AN - 16198774; 6432414 AB - The natural abundance of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate can be a powerful tool for identifying the source of nitrate in streamwater in forested watersheds, because the two main sources of nitrate, atmospheric deposition and microbial nitrification, have distinct delta super(18)O values. Using a simple mixing model, we estimated the relative fractions in streamwater derived from these sources for two forested watersheds with markedly different streamwater nitrate outputs. In this study, we monitored delta super(15)N and delta super(18)O of nitrate biweekly in atmospheric deposition and in streamwater for 20 months at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA (moderate nitrogen export), and monthly in streamwater at the Bowl Research Natural Area, New Hampshire, USA (high nitrogen export). For rain, delta super(18)O values ranged from +47 to +77ppm (mean: +58ppm) and delta super(15)N from-5 to +1ppm (mean:- 3ppm); for snow, delta super(18)O values ranged from +52 to +75ppm (mean: +67ppm) and delta super(15)N from-3 to +2ppm (mean:-1ppm). Streamwater nitrate, in contrast to deposition, had delta super(18)O values between +12 and +33ppm (mean: +18ppm) and delta super(15)N between-3 and +6ppm (mean: 0ppm). Since nitrate produced by nitrification typically has delta super(18)O values ranging from-5 to +15ppm, our field data suggest that most of the nitrate lost from the watersheds in streamflow was nitrified within the catchment. Our results confirm the importance of microbial nitrogen transformations in regulating nitrogen losses from forested ecosystems and suggest that hydrologic storage may be a factor in controlling catchment nitrate losses. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Pardo, Linda H AU - Kendall, Carol AU - Pett-Ridge, Jennifer AU - Chang, Cecily CY AD - USDA Forest Service, PO Box 968, Burlington, VT 05402, USA, lpardo@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004///0, PY - 2004 DA - 0, 2004 SP - 2699 EP - 2712 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk] VL - 18 IS - 14 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - super(15)N KW - super(18)O KW - nitrate KW - nitrogen saturation KW - Chemistry of snow cover KW - Isotopes KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Ecosystems KW - Rainfall KW - Forests KW - Watersheds KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Riparian environments KW - Hydrology KW - Transport processes KW - Catchment Areas KW - Export KW - Storage KW - Oxygen isotopes KW - Oxygen KW - Nitrification KW - Microbiology KW - Catchments KW - Air-water interactions KW - Nitrogen cycle KW - Nitrogen isotopes KW - Nitrogen KW - Catchment area KW - Water sampling KW - Mixing KW - Forest Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Nitrates in runoff KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - Atmospheric precipitations KW - Nitrates KW - Snow KW - Streamflow KW - USA, New Hampshire, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest KW - Nitrates in snow cover KW - Deposition KW - Oxygen Isotopes KW - Rain KW - M2 556.53:Rivers, Streams, Canals (556.53) KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16198774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+source+of+streamwater+nitrate+using+delta+super%2815%29N+and+delta+super%2818%29O+in+nitrate+in+two+watersheds+in+New+Hampshire%2C+USA&rft.au=Pardo%2C+Linda+H%3BKendall%2C+Carol%3BPett-Ridge%2C+Jennifer%3BChang%2C+Cecily+CY&rft.aulast=Pardo&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fhyp.5576 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxygen isotopes; Catchment area; Atmospheric precipitations; Nitrates; Nitrification; Riparian environments; Nitrogen cycle; Transport processes; Nitrogen isotopes; Watersheds; Chemistry of snow cover; Nitrates in snow cover; Atmospheric pollution models; Nitrates in runoff; Ecosystems; Isotopes; Water sampling; Snow; Rainfall; Forests; Streams; Oxygen; Microbiology; Catchments; Hydrology; Air-water interactions; Nitrogen; Catchment Areas; Streamflow; Forest Watersheds; Mixing; Export; Storage; Hydrologic Models; Oxygen Isotopes; Deposition; Rain; USA, New Hampshire, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest; USA, New Hampshire DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5576 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatilization of Binary Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Mixtures in Unsaturated Porous Media AN - 16198165; 6495380 AB - This study examines the volatilization behavior of binary nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) mixtures consisting of styrene, and toluene or tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Residual NAPL saturations were emplaced in unsaturated (residual water saturation) soil columns packed with Wagner 50-80 sand. Initial column effluent concentrations were measured for the NAPL mixtures at several pore gas phase velocities. Rate-limited volatilization occurred at higher gas phase pore velocities, and mass transfer coefficients could be reasonably predicted with a correlation developed from single component NAPL volatilization data. Long-term volatilization studies for the binary NAPL mixtures were also conducted. The effluent concentrations for both NAPL components were observed to be initially proportional to their mole fractions. After the more volatile component became depleted, a rapid drop in the effluent concentration of this component was accompanied by an increase in the mole fraction and effluent concentration of the remaining constituent to near saturated values until the free phase NAPL was volatilized. The final stage of removal was associated with a dramatic decrease in effluent concentration, attributed to reduction in the gas-NAPL interfacial area, followed by low concentration tailing. The tailing and subsequent flow interruption behavior are likely a consequence of rate-limited desorption. Equilibrium and rate-limited simulations of the long-term volatilization experiments did not provide a satisfactory description of the data. A simulation that included a fixed concentration gradient and fitted activity coefficients provided a better characterization of the volatilization data. Various potential explanations for this "fixed gradient" volatilization behavior were considered, but additional research is needed to test these hypotheses. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Abriola, Linda M AU - Bradford, Scott A AU - Lang, John AU - Gaither, Charles L AD - Tufts Univ., 105 Anderson Hall, Medford, MA 02153, sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 645 EP - 655 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 3 IS - 2 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Toluene KW - Fluid Drops KW - Soil Columns KW - Stages KW - Mine tailings KW - Soil KW - Sand KW - Nonaqueous Phase Liquids KW - Nonaqueous phase liquids KW - Testing Procedures KW - Styrene KW - Desorption KW - Porous Media KW - Mass Transfer KW - Simulation KW - Velocity KW - Saturation KW - Effluents KW - nonaqueous phase liquids KW - Pores KW - Behavior KW - Equilibrium KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16198165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Volatilization+of+Binary+Nonaqueous+Phase+Liquid+Mixtures+in+Unsaturated+Porous+Media&rft.au=Abriola%2C+Linda+M%3BBradford%2C+Scott+A%3BLang%2C+John%3BGaither%2C+Charles+L&rft.aulast=Abriola&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=645&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Styrene; Soil; nonaqueous phase liquids; Desorption; Sand; Toluene; Nonaqueous phase liquids; Velocity; Simulation; Effluents; Mine tailings; Testing Procedures; Porous Media; Mass Transfer; Fluid Drops; Soil Columns; Stages; Saturation; Pores; Equilibrium; Behavior; Nonaqueous Phase Liquids ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Straining and Attachment of Colloids in Physically Heterogeneous Porous Media AN - 16196784; 6495357 AB - Colloid transport studies were conducted in water-saturated physically heterogeneous systems to gain insight into the processes controlling transport in natural aquifer and vadose zone (variably saturated) systems. Stable monodispersed colloids (carboxyl latex microspheres) and porous media (Ottawa quartz sands) that are negatively charged were employed in these studies. The physically heterogeneous systems consisted of various combinations of a cylindrical sand lens embedded in the center of a larger cylinder of matrix sand. Colloid migration was found to strongly depend on colloid size and physical heterogeneity. A decrease in the peak effluent concentration and an increase in the colloid mass removal in the sand near the column inlet occurred when the median grain size of the matrix sand decreased or the size of the colloid increased. These observations and numerical modeling of the transport data indicated that straining was sometimes an important mechanism of colloid retention. Experimental and simulation results suggest that attachment was more important when the colloid size was small relative to the sand pore size. Transport differences between conservative tracers and colloids were attributed to flow bypassing of finer-textured sands, colloid retention at interfaces of soil textural contrasts, and exclusion of colloids from smaller pore spaces. Colloid retention in the heterogeneous systems was also influenced by spatial variations in the pore water velocity. Parameters in straining and attachment models were successfully optimized to the colloid transport data. The straining model typically provided a better description of the effluent and retention data than the attachment model, especially for larger colloids and finer-textured sands. Consistent with previously reported findings, straining occurred when the ratio of the colloid and median grain diameters was >0.5%. JF - Vadose Zone Journal AU - Bradford, Scott A AU - Bettahar, Mehdi AU - Simunek, Jirka AU - Van Genuchten, Martinus Th AD - George E. Brown, Salinity Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside CA 92507-4617, sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 384 EP - 394 PB - Soil Science Society of America, 677 South Segoe Rd Maxison WI 53711 USA, [URL:http://www.soils.org/] VL - 3 IS - 2 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Pore water KW - Colloids KW - Interfaces KW - Retention KW - Migration KW - Soil KW - Quartz KW - Porous Media KW - Pore Size KW - Interstitial Water KW - Effluents KW - Model Studies KW - Pores KW - Canada, Ontario, Ottawa KW - Aquifers KW - Particle Size KW - Tracers KW - spatial distribution KW - Sand KW - Heterogeneity KW - Particle size KW - migration KW - Mathematical models KW - Inlets KW - Simulation KW - Velocity KW - latex KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16196784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.atitle=Straining+and+Attachment+of+Colloids+in+Physically+Heterogeneous+Porous+Media&rft.au=Bradford%2C+Scott+A%3BBettahar%2C+Mehdi%3BSimunek%2C+Jirka%3BVan+Genuchten%2C+Martinus+Th&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=384&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vadose+Zone+Journal&rft.issn=1539-1663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aquifers; Particle size; migration; Pore water; Mathematical models; Colloids; Velocity; Simulation; Effluents; Soil; spatial distribution; Tracers; Sand; latex; Porous Media; Pore Size; Inlets; Particle Size; Interfaces; Interstitial Water; Retention; Migration; Model Studies; Pores; Quartz; Heterogeneity; Canada, Ontario, Ottawa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling hydrology, metribuzin degradation and metribuzin transport in macroporous tilled and no-till silt loam soil using RZWQM AN - 16176547; 5845959 AB - Due to the complex nature of pesticide transport, process-based models can be difficult to use. For example, pesticide transport can be effected by macropore flow, and can be further complicated by sorption, desorption and degradation occurring at different rates in different soil compartments. We have used the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) to investigate these phenomena with field data that included two management conditions (till and no-till) and metribuzin concentrations in percolate, runoff and soil. Metribuzin degradation and transport were simulated using three pesticide sorption models available in RZWQM: (a) instantaneous equilibrium-only (EO); (b) equilibrium-kinetic (EK, includes sites with slow desorption and no degradation); (c) equilibrium-bound (EB, includes irreversibly bound sites with relatively slow degradation). Site- specific RZWQM input included water retention curves from four soil depths, saturated hydraulic conductivity from four soil depths and the metribuzin partition coefficient. The calibrated parameters were macropore radius, surface crust saturated hydraulic conductivity, kinetic parameters, irreversible binding parameters and metribuzin half-life. The results indicate that (1) simulated metribuzin persistence was more accurate using the EK (root mean square error, RMSE = 0.03 kg ha super(-1)) and EB (RMSE = 0.03 kg ha super(-1)) sorption models compared to the EO (RMSE = 0.08 kg ha super(-1)) model because of slowing metribuzin degradation rate with time and (2) simulating macropore flow resulted in prediction of metribuzin transport in percolate over the simulation period within a factor of two of that observed using all three pesticide sorption models. Moreover, little difference in simulated daily transport was observed between the three pesticide sorption models, except that the EB model substantially under-predicted metribuzin transport in runoff and percolate >30 days after application when transported concentrations were relatively low. This suggests that when macropore flow and hydrology are accurately simulated, metribuzin transport in the field may be adequately simulated using a relatively simple, equilibrium-only pesticide model. JF - Pest Management Science AU - Malone, R W AU - Ma, L AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Rojas, K W AU - Ma, Q AU - Warner, R AU - Byers, M AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Tilth Laboratory (NSTL), 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011, USA, malone@nstl.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 253 EP - 266 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - metribuzin KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - preferential flow KW - model validation KW - pesticide degradation KW - kinetic sorption KW - Sorption KW - Soil Contamination KW - Modelling (Water quality) KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Soil contamination KW - Water quality KW - Modelling (Pollution) KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Pesticides KW - Soil Types KW - Hydrology KW - Runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16176547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+Management+Science&rft.atitle=Modeling+hydrology%2C+metribuzin+degradation+and+metribuzin+transport+in+macroporous+tilled+and+no-till+silt+loam+soil+using+RZWQM&rft.au=Malone%2C+R+W%3BMa%2C+L%3BWauchope%2C+R+D%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BRojas%2C+K+W%3BMa%2C+Q%3BWarner%2C+R%3BByers%2C+M&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+Management+Science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fps.738 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorption; Pesticides; Hydrology; Soil contamination; Water quality; Runoff; Hydrologic Models; Soil Contamination; Soil Types; Groundwater Pollution; Modelling (Water quality); Modelling (Pollution) DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.738 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) to pesticide fate and transport: an overview AN - 16174724; 5845956 AB - Pesticide transport models are tools used to develop improved pesticide management strategies, study pesticide processes under different conditions (management, soils, climates, etc) and illuminate aspects of a system in need of more field or laboratory study. This paper briefly overviews RZWQM history and distinguishing features, overviews key RZWQM components and reviews RZWQM validation studies. RZWQM is a physically based agricultural systems model that includes sub-models to simulate: infiltration, runoff, water distribution and chemical movement in the soil; macropore flow and chemical movement through macropores; evapotranspiration (ET); heat transport; plant growth; organic matter/nitrogen cycling; pesticide processes; chemical transfer to runoff; and the effect of agricultural management practices on these processes. Research to date shows that if key input parameters are calibrated, RZWQM can adequately simulate the processes involved with pesticide transport (ET, soil-water content, percolation and runoff, plant growth and pesticide fate). A review of the validation studies revealed that (1) accurate parameterization of restricting soil layers (low permeability horizons) may improve simulated soil- water content; (2) simulating pesticide sorption kinetics may improve simulated soil pesticide concentration with time (persistence) and depth and (3) calibrating the pesticide half-life is generally necessary for accurate pesticide persistence simulations. This overview/review provides insight into the processes involved with the RZWQM pesticide component and helps identify model weaknesses, model strengths and successful modeling strategies. JF - Pest Management Science AU - Malone, R W AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Ma, L AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Ma, Q AU - Rojas, K W AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Tilth Laboratory (NSTL), Ames, IA, USA, malone@nstl.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 205 EP - 221 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - model validation KW - RZWQM KW - pesticide sorption KW - pesticide kinetics KW - pesticide degradation KW - Mathematical models KW - Soil Contamination KW - Organic matter KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Modelling (Water quality) KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Soil contamination KW - Water quality KW - Modelling (Pollution) KW - Agrochemicals KW - Soil Horizons KW - Reviews KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Pesticides KW - Infiltration KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Runoff KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16174724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+Management+Science&rft.atitle=Application+of+the+Root+Zone+Water+Quality+Model+%28RZWQM%29+to+pesticide+fate+and+transport%3A+an+overview&rft.au=Malone%2C+R+W%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BMa%2C+L%3BWauchope%2C+R+D%3BMa%2C+Q%3BRojas%2C+K+W&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+Management+Science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fps.789 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Organic matter; Pollution dispersion; Evapotranspiration; Soil contamination; Water quality; Agrochemicals; Reviews; Pesticides; Pollutant persistence; Infiltration; Groundwater pollution; Runoff; Soil Contamination; Groundwater Pollution; Modelling (Water quality); Modelling (Pollution); Soil Horizons DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.789 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for influence of mineral weathering on stream water sulphate in Vermont and New Hampshire (USA) AN - 16174156; 6005557 AB - Mass balance studies in forested catchments in the northeastern USA show that S losses via streamwater SO sub(4) super(2-) exceed measured atmospheric S inputs. Possible sources of the excess S loss include underestimated dry deposition, mineralization of organic S in soils, desorption of soil sulphate, oxidation of recently formed sulphides and mineral weathering. Evaluating the relative contribution of these sources and processes to SO sub(4) super(2-) export is important to our understanding of S cycling as well as to policy makers in their evaluation of the efficacy of S emission controls. In order to evaluate the potential for mineral weathering contributions to SO sub(4) super(2-) export, we measured concentration and isotopic composition ( delta super(34)S and delta super(18)O) of SO sub(4) super(2-) in stream water, and concentration and delta super(34)S values of four S fractions in bedrock and soil parent material in catchments of varying geological composition. Geological substrates with low S concentrations were represented by catchments underlain by quartzite and granite, whereas geological substrates with high S concentrations were represented by catchments underlain by sulphidic slate, schist and metavolcanic rocks. Catchments with S-poor bedrock had stream-water SO sub(4) super(2-) concentrations <100 mu eq L super(-1) and isotopic values consistent with those of atmospheric SO sub(4) super(2-) that had been cycled through the organic soil pool. Catchments with S-rich bedrock had stream-water SO sub(4) super(2-) concentrations ranging from 56 to 229 mu eq L super(-1). Isotopic values deviated from those of SO sub(4) super(2-) in atmospheric deposition, clearly indicating a mineral weathering source in some cases, whereas in others spatial variability of mineral delta super(34)S values precluded the isotopic detection of a weathering contribution. These results, along with evidence suggesting formation of secondary sulphate minerals in bedrock weathering rinds, indicate that mineral weathering may be an important source of S in the surface waters of some forested catchments in the northeastern USA. JF - Hydrological Processes AU - Bailey, S W AU - Mayer, B AU - Mitchell, MJ AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, RR1 Box 779, Campton, NH 03223, USA, swbailey@fs.fed.us Y1 - 2004///0, PY - 2004 DA - 0, 2004 SP - 1639 EP - 1653 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk] VL - 18 IS - 9 SN - 0885-6087, 0885-6087 KW - weathering KW - Pollution Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - forest KW - mineral weathering KW - oxygen isotopes KW - stream water KW - sulphate KW - sulphur isotopes KW - Sulfates KW - Catchment area KW - Surface water KW - Mineralogy KW - Forests KW - Surface Water KW - Sulphate minerals KW - Mineralization KW - Forest Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Sulphates KW - Sulphides KW - Spatial variations KW - Schists KW - Weathering KW - Granite KW - USA, New Hampshire KW - Rivers KW - Catchment Areas KW - Geochemistry KW - Emission control KW - Organic Soils KW - USA KW - Catchments KW - Deposition KW - Oxygen isotope ratio KW - USA, Vermont KW - SW 0880:Chemical processes KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16174156?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrological+Processes&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+influence+of+mineral+weathering+on+stream+water+sulphate+in+Vermont+and+New+Hampshire+%28USA%29&rft.au=Bailey%2C+S+W%3BMayer%2C+B%3BMitchell%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1639&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrological+Processes&rft.issn=08856087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fhyp.1410 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Spatial variations; Sulphides; Rivers; Catchment area; Surface water; Schists; Weathering; Oxygen isotope ratio; Granite; Sulphate minerals; Mineralization; Sulphates; Sulfates; Catchments; Forests; Emission control; Streams; Geochemistry; Catchment Areas; Deposition; Mineralogy; Surface Water; Forest Watersheds; Organic Soils; USA; USA, New Hampshire; USA, Vermont DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1410 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herbicide leaching as affected by macropore flow and within-storm rainfall intensity variation: a RZWQM simulation AN - 16173161; 5845961 AB - Within-event variability in rainfall intensity may affect pesticide leaching rates in soil, but most laboratory studies of pesticide leaching use a rainfall simulator operating at constant rainfall intensity, or cover the soil with ponded water. This is especially true in experiments where macropores are present-macroporous soils present experimental complexities enough without the added complexity of variable rainfall intensity. One way to get around this difficulty is to use a suitable pesticide transport model, calibrate it to describe accurately a fixed-intensity experiment, and then explore the affects of within-event rainfall intensity variation on pesticide leaching through macropores. We used the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) to investigate the effect of variable rainfall intensity on alachlor and atrazine transport through macropores. Data were used from an experiment in which atrazine and alachlor were surface-applied to 30 × 30 × 30 cm undisturbed blocks of two macroporous silt loam soils from glacial till regions. One hour later the blocks were subjected to 30-mm simulated rain with constant intensity for 0.5 h. Percolate was collected and analyzed from 64 square cells at the base of the blocks. RZWQM was calibrated to describe accurately the atrazine and alachlor leaching data, and then a median Mid-west variable-intensity storm, in which the initial intensity was high, was simulated. The variable-intensity storm more than quadrupled alachlor losses and almost doubled atrazine losses in one soil over the constant-intensity storm of the same total depth. Also rainfall intensity may affect percolate-producing macroporosity and consequently pesticide transport through macropores. For example, under variable rainfall intensity RZWQM predicted the alachlor concentration to be 2.7 mu g ml super(-1) with an effective macroporosity of 2.2 E super(-4) cm super(3) cm super(-3) and 1.4 mu g ml super(-1) with an effective macroporosity of 4.6 E super(-4) cm super(3) cm super(-3). Percolate- producing macroporosity and herbicide leaching under different rainfall intensity patterns, however, are not well understood. Clearly, further investigation of rainfall intensity variation on pesticide leaching through macropores is needed. JF - Pest Management Science AU - Malone, R W AU - Weatherington-Rice, J AU - Shipitalo, MJ AU - Fausey, N AU - Ma, L AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Ma, Q AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Tilth Laboratory (NSTL), 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011, USA, malone@nstl.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 277 EP - 285 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - modeling KW - preferential flow KW - water quality KW - infiltration and seepage KW - agricultural hydrology KW - Leaching KW - Rainfall KW - Porosity KW - Nonpoint Pollution Sources KW - Alachlor KW - Simulation KW - Herbicides KW - Precipitation KW - Modelling (Pollution) KW - Modelling (Transport) KW - Soil KW - Pesticides KW - Atrazine KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16173161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+Management+Science&rft.atitle=Herbicide+leaching+as+affected+by+macropore+flow+and+within-storm+rainfall+intensity+variation%3A+a+RZWQM+simulation&rft.au=Malone%2C+R+W%3BWeatherington-Rice%2C+J%3BShipitalo%2C+MJ%3BFausey%2C+N%3BMa%2C+L%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BWauchope%2C+R+D%3BMa%2C+Q&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+Management+Science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fps.791 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Leaching; Rainfall; Atrazine; Pesticides; Simulation; Alachlor; Herbicides; Modelling (Transport); Porosity; Nonpoint Pollution Sources; Precipitation; Modelling (Pollution) DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.791 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Documenting the pesticide processes module of the ARS RZWQM agroecosystem model AN - 16170968; 5845957 AB - We describe the theory and current development state of the pesticide process module of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Root Zone Water Quality Model, or RZWQM. Several processes which are significant in determining the fate of a pesticide application are included together in this module for the first time, including application technique, root uptake, ionic dissociation, soil depth dependence of persistence, volatilization, wicking upward in soil and aging of residues. The pesticide module requires a large number of parameters to run (as does the RZWQM model as a whole) and it is becoming clear that RZWQM will find most interest and use as part of a 'scenario' in which all data requirements are supplied and the predictions of the system compared with a real (usually partial) data set. Such a scenario may then be modified to examine the response of the system to changes in inputs. It also has significant potential as a technology transfer or teaching tool, providing detailed understanding of a specific agronomic system and its potential impacts on the environment. JF - Pest Management Science AU - Wauchope, R D AU - Rojas, K W AU - Ahuja, L R AU - Ma, Q AU - Malone, R W AU - Ma, L AD - Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, Georgia, USA, don@tifton.usda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 222 EP - 239 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 1526-498X, 1526-498X KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - computer model KW - RZWQM KW - pesticide persistence KW - pesticide pollution KW - non-point pollution KW - pesticide leaching KW - pesticide runoff KW - pesticide application KW - pesticide volatilization KW - pesticide sorption KW - Mathematical models KW - Soil Contamination KW - Pesticide residues KW - Pesticides KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Groundwater Pollution KW - Modelling (Water quality) KW - Soil contamination KW - Water quality KW - Modelling (Pollution) KW - Agrochemicals KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16170968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pest+Management+Science&rft.atitle=Documenting+the+pesticide+processes+module+of+the+ARS+RZWQM+agroecosystem+model&rft.au=Wauchope%2C+R+D%3BRojas%2C+K+W%3BAhuja%2C+L+R%3BMa%2C+Q%3BMalone%2C+R+W%3BMa%2C+L&rft.aulast=Wauchope&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pest+Management+Science&rft.issn=1526498X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fps.814 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Pesticide residues; Pollutant persistence; Soil contamination; Water quality; Agrochemicals; Soil Contamination; Pesticides; Modelling (Water quality); Groundwater Pollution; Modelling (Pollution) DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.814 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Input-Output Budgets of Inorganic Nitrogen for 24 Forest Watersheds in the Northeastern United States: A Review AN - 16166146; 5808208 AB - Input-output budgets for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) are summarized for 24 small watersheds at 15 locations in the northeastern United States. The study watersheds are completely forested, free of recent physical disturbances, and span a geographical region bounded by West Virginia on the south and west, and Maine on the north and east. Total N budgets are not presented; however, fluxes of inorganic N in precipitation and streamwater dominate inputs and outputs of N at these watersheds. The range in inputs of DIN in wet-only precipitation from nearby National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) sites was 2.7 to 8.1 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1) (mean = 6.4 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1); median = 7.0 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1)). Outputs of DIN in streamwater ranged from 0.1 to 5.7 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1) (mean = 2.0 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1); median = 1.7 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1)). Precipitation inputs of DIN exceeded outputs in streamwater at all watersheds, with net retention of DIN ranging from 1.2 to 7.3 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1) (mean = 4.4 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1); median = 4.6 kg N ha super(-1) yr super(-1)). Outputs of DIN in streamwater were predominantly NO sub(3)-N (mean = 89%; median = 94%). Wet deposition of DIN was not significantly related to DIN outputs in streamwater for these watersheds. Watershed characteristics such as hydrology, vegetation type, and land-use history affect DIN losses and may mask any relationship between inputs and outputs. Consequently, these factors need to be included in the development of indices and simulation models for predicting `nitrogen saturation' and other ecological processes. JF - Water, Air, & Soil Pollution AU - Campbell, J L AU - Hornbeck, J W AU - Mitchell, MJ AU - Adams, M B AU - Castro AU - Driscoll, C T AU - Kahl, J S AU - Kochenderfer, J N AU - Likens, GE AU - Lynch, JA AU - Murdoch, P S AU - Nelson, S J AU - Shanley, J B AD - USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Durham, NH, U.S.A., jcampbell@lternet.edu Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 373 EP - 396 PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 151 IS - 1-4 SN - 0049-6979, 0049-6979 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Aqualine Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Land Use KW - Resource management KW - Forests KW - Retention KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Forest Watersheds KW - Streams KW - USA, Northeast KW - Ecology KW - Hydrologic Models KW - Hydrology KW - Atmospheric pollution deposition KW - Rivers KW - Precipitation KW - Water pollution KW - Nitrogen deposition KW - Numerical simulations KW - Literature reviews KW - Deposition KW - Air-water interactions KW - Nitrogen KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - Q2 09184:Composition of water KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - M2 556.114:Chemical properties of water (556.114) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16166146?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.atitle=Input-Output+Budgets+of+Inorganic+Nitrogen+for+24+Forest+Watersheds+in+the+Northeastern+United+States%3A+A+Review&rft.au=Campbell%2C+J+L%3BHornbeck%2C+J+W%3BMitchell%2C+MJ%3BAdams%2C+M+B%3BCastro%3BDriscoll%2C+C+T%3BKahl%2C+J+S%3BKochenderfer%2C+J+N%3BLikens%2C+GE%3BLynch%2C+JA%3BMurdoch%2C+P+S%3BNelson%2C+S+J%3BShanley%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water%2C+Air%2C+%26+Soil+Pollution&rft.issn=00496979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Resource management; Literature reviews; Hydrology; Watersheds; Water pollution; Nitrogen; Ecology; Nitrogen deposition; Numerical simulations; Atmospheric pollution deposition; Water quality; Air-water interactions; Forests; Streams; Land Use; Hydrologic Models; Deposition; Precipitation; Retention; Forest Watersheds; USA, Northeast ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atrazine distribution measured in soil and leachate following infiltration conditions AN - 16165710; 5745524 AB - Atrazine transport through packed 10 cm soil columns representative of the 0-10 cm soil horizon was observed by measuring the atrazine recovery in the total leachate volume, and upper and lower soil layers following infiltration of 7.5 cm water using a mechanical vacuum extractor (MVE). Measured recoveries were analyzed to understand the influence of infiltration rate and delay time on atrazine transport and distribution in the column. Four time periods (0.28, 0.8, 1.8, and 5.5 h) representing very high to moderate infiltration rates (26.8, 9.4, 4.2, and 1.4 cm/h) were used. Replicate soil columns were tested immediately and following a 2-d delay after atrazine application. Results indicate atrazine recovery in leachate was independent of infiltration rate, but significantly lower for infiltration following a 2-d delay. Atrazine distribution in the 0-1 and 9-10 cm soil layers was affected by both infiltration rate and delay. These results are in contrast with previous field and laboratory studies that suggest that atrazine recovery in the leachate increases with increasing infiltration rate. It appears that the difference in atrazine recovery measured using the MVE and other leaching experiments using intact soil cores from this field site and the rain simulation equipment probably illustrates the effect of infiltrating water interacting with the atrazine present on the soil surface. This work suggests that atrazine mobilization from the soil surface is also dependent on interactions of the infiltrating water with the soil surface, in addition to the rate of infiltration through the surface soil. JF - Chemosphere AU - Neurath, S K AU - Sadeghi, A M AU - Shirmohammadi, A AU - Isensee, A R AU - Torrents, A AD - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, sadeghia@ba.ars.usda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 489 EP - 496 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 54 IS - 4 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Pesticide KW - Transport KW - Pesticide recovery KW - Sorption KW - Infiltration KW - Soil KW - Atrazine KW - Leachates KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16165710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Atrazine+distribution+measured+in+soil+and+leachate+following+infiltration+conditions&rft.au=Neurath%2C+S+K%3BSadeghi%2C+A+M%3BShirmohammadi%2C+A%3BIsensee%2C+A+R%3BTorrents%2C+A&rft.aulast=Neurath&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2003.08.017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Atrazine; Infiltration; Leachates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tracking sediment redistribution in a small watershed: implications for agro-landscape evolution AN - 1521400495; 6026526 AB - A new, multi-tracer method is used to track erosion, translocation, and redeposition of sediment in a small watershed, thus allowing for the first time a complete, spatially distributed, sediment balance to be made as a function of landscape position. A 0.68 ha watershed near Coshocton, Ohio, USA was divided into six morphological units, each tagged with one of six rare earth element oxides. Sediment translocation was evaluated by collecting run-off and by spatially sampling the soil surface. Average measured erosion rate was 6.1 t ha super(-1), but varied between 40.4 t ha super(-1) loss from the lower channels to 24.1 t ha super(-1) gain on the toeslope. With this technique it was possible for the first time to itemize the sediment budget for landscape elements into three components: (1) the soil from the element that left the watershed with run-off; (2) soil from the element that was redeposited on lower positions, with the spatial distribution of that deposition; and (3) soil originating from the upper positions and deposited on the element, with quantification of relative source areas. The results are incongruous with the current morphology of the watershed, suggesting that diffusion-type erosion must also play a major role in defining the evolution of this landscape. JF - Earth Surface Processes and Landforms AU - Polyakov, VO AU - Nearing, MA AU - Shipitalo, MJ AD - USDA, ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, mnearingucson.ars.ag.gov Y1 - 2004///0, PY - 2004 DA - 0, 2004 SP - 1275 EP - 1291 PB - John Wiley & Sons VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0197-9337, 0197-9337 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Rare earths KW - Landforms KW - Ecological distribution KW - Soil erosion KW - Watersheds KW - Soils KW - Sediment transport KW - Sedimentation KW - Translocation KW - Small watersheds KW - Tracking KW - Sediments KW - Erosion KW - Deposition KW - USA, Ohio KW - Oxides KW - Tracking techniques KW - Q2 09264:Sediments and sedimentation KW - SW 0870:Erosion and sedimentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1521400495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.atitle=Tracking+sediment+redistribution+in+a+small+watershed%3A+implications+for+agro-landscape+evolution&rft.au=Polyakov%2C+VO%3BNearing%2C+MA%3BShipitalo%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Polyakov&rft.aufirst=VO&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Earth+Surface+Processes+and+Landforms&rft.issn=01979337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fesp.1094 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Erosion; Rare earths; Landforms; Ecological distribution; Soils; Sediment transport; Soil erosion; Sedimentation; Watersheds; Oxides; Sediments; Tracking; Deposition; Small watersheds; Translocation; Tracking techniques; USA, Ohio DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1094 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Innovative uses of vegetated drainage ditches for reducing agricultural runoff AN - 1024649029; 11661168 AB - Vegetated agricultural ditches play an important role in mitigation of pesticides following irrigation and storm runoff events. In a simulated runoff event in the Mississippi (USA) Delta, the mitigation capacity of a drainage ditch using the pyrethroid esfenvalerate (Asana XLTM) was evaluated. The pesticide was amended to soil prior to the runoff event to simulate actual runoff, ensuring the presence of esfenvalerate in both water and suspended particulate phases. Water, sediment, and plant samples were collected temporally and spatially along the drainage ditch. Even with mixing of the pesticide with soil before application, approximately 99% of measured esfenvalerate was associated with ditch vegetation (Ludwigia peploides, Polygonum amphibium, and Leersia oryzoides) three hours following event initiation. This trend continued for the 112 d study duration. Simple modeling results also suggest that aqueous concentrations of esfenvalerate could be mitigated to 0.1% of the initial exposure concentration within 510 m of a vegetated ditch. Observed field half-lives in water, sediment, and plant were 0.12 d, 9 d, and 1.3 d, respectively. These results validate the role vegetation plays in the mitigation of pesticides, and that ditches are an indispensable component of the agricultural production landscape. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Cooper, C M AU - Moore, M T AU - Bennett, E R AU - Jr, S Smith AU - Farris, J L AU - Milam, C D AU - Jr, F D Shields AD - USDA-Agricultural Research Service National Sedimentation Laboratory PO Box 1157, Oxford, Mississippi, USA 38655 ( Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 117 EP - 123 PB - International Water Association (IWA), Alliance House 12 Caxton St. London SW1H 0QS United Kingdom, [mailto:water@iwahq.org] VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0273-1223, 0273-1223 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Drainage Ditches KW - Agricultural Runoff KW - Agricultural Chemicals KW - Agricultural runoff KW - Suspended Sediments KW - Irrigation KW - Aquatic plants KW - Vegetation KW - Suspended particulate matter KW - Soil Amendments KW - ASW, USA, Mississippi KW - Pesticides KW - Ditches KW - Runoff KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 1030:Use of water of impaired quality KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1024649029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Innovative+uses+of+vegetated+drainage+ditches+for+reducing+agricultural+runoff&rft.au=Cooper%2C+C+M%3BMoore%2C+M+T%3BBennett%2C+E+R%3BJr%2C+S+Smith%3BFarris%2C+J+L%3BMilam%2C+C+D%3BJr%2C+F+D+Shields&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.iwaponline.com/wst/toc.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-06-26 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Irrigation; Pesticides; Aquatic plants; Suspended particulate matter; Agricultural runoff; Drainage Ditches; Agricultural Runoff; Suspended Sediments; Soil Amendments; Agricultural Chemicals; Vegetation; Ditches; Runoff; ASW, USA, Mississippi ER -