TY - JOUR T1 - Reconciling food security and bioenergy: priorities for action AN - 1872843215; PQ0004124607 AB - Understanding the complex interactions among food security, bioenergy sustainability, and resource management requires a focus on specific contextual problems and opportunities. The United Nations' 2030 Sustainable Development Goals place a high priority on food and energy security; bioenergy plays an important role in achieving both goals. Effective food security programs begin by clearly defining the problem and asking, 'What can be done to assist people at high risk?' Simplistic global analyses, headlines, and cartoons that blame biofuels for food insecurity may reflect good intentions but mislead the public and policymakers because they obscure the main drivers of local food insecurity and ignore opportunities for bioenergy to contribute to solutions. Applying sustainability guidelines to bioenergy will help achieve near- and long-term goals to eradicate hunger. Priorities for achieving successful synergies between bioenergy and food security include the following: (1) clarifying communications with clear and consistent terms, (2) recognizing that food and bioenergy need not compete for land and, instead, should be integrated to improve resource management, (3) investing in technology, rural extension, and innovations to build capacity and infrastructure, (4) promoting stable prices that incentivize local production, (5) adopting flex crops that can provide food along with other products and services to society, and (6) engaging stakeholders to identify and assess specific opportunities for biofuels to improve food security. Systematic monitoring and analysis to support adaptive management and continual improvement are essential elements to build synergies and help society equitably meet growing demands for both food and energy. JF - GCB Bioenergy AU - Kline, Keith L AU - Msangi, Siwa AU - Dale, Virginia H AU - Woods, Jeremy AU - Souza, Glaucia M AU - Osseweijer, Patricia AU - Clancy, Joy S AU - Hilbert, Jorge A AU - Johnson, Francis X AU - McDonnell, Patrick C AU - Mugera, Harriet K AD - Environmental Science Division, Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 37831, USA. Y1 - 2017/03// PY - 2017 DA - March 2017 SP - 557 EP - 576 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1757-1693, 1757-1693 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Hunger KW - Fuel technology KW - Resource management KW - Guidelines KW - Food security KW - Infrastructure KW - Communications KW - Energy KW - Priorities KW - United Nations KW - Biofuels KW - Technology KW - Rural areas KW - Innovations KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1872843215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GCB+Bioenergy&rft.atitle=Reconciling+food+security+and+bioenergy%3A+priorities+for+action&rft.au=Kline%2C+Keith+L%3BMsangi%2C+Siwa%3BDale%2C+Virginia+H%3BWoods%2C+Jeremy%3BSouza%2C+Glaucia+M%3BOsseweijer%2C+Patricia%3BClancy%2C+Joy+S%3BHilbert%2C+Jorge+A%3BJohnson%2C+Francis+X%3BMcDonnell%2C+Patrick+C%3BMugera%2C+Harriet+K&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=GCB+Bioenergy&rft.issn=17571693&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fgcbb.12366 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hunger; Fuel technology; Resource management; Guidelines; Food security; Infrastructure; Communications; Energy; Priorities; United Nations; Biofuels; Innovations; Rural areas; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12366 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shaping the third-harmonic radiation from silicon nanodimers. AN - 1863707044; 28144660 AB - Recent progress in the study of resonant light confinement in high-index dielectric nanostructures suggests a new route for achieving efficient control of both electric and magnetic components of light. It also leads to the enhancement of nonlinear effects near electric and magnetic Mie resonances with an engineered radiation directionality. Here we study the third-harmonic generation from dimers composed of pairs of two identical silicon nanoparticles and demonstrate, both numerically and experimentally, that the multipolar harmonic modes generated by the dimers near the Mie resonances allow the shaping of the directionality of nonlinear radiation. JF - Nanoscale AU - Wang, Lei AU - Kruk, Sergey AU - Xu, Lei AU - Rahmani, Mohsen AU - Smirnova, Daria AU - Solntsev, Alexander AU - Kravchenko, Ivan AU - Neshev, Dragomir AU - Kivshar, Yuri AD - Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. yuri.kivshar@anu.edu.au. ; Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. yuri.kivshar@anu.edu.au and The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China. ; Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. yuri.kivshar@anu.edu.au and Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia. ; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. Y1 - 2017/02/09/ PY - 2017 DA - 2017 Feb 09 SP - 2201 EP - 2206 VL - 9 IS - 6 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1863707044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nanoscale&rft.atitle=Shaping+the+third-harmonic+radiation+from+silicon+nanodimers.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Lei%3BKruk%2C+Sergey%3BXu%2C+Lei%3BRahmani%2C+Mohsen%3BSmirnova%2C+Daria%3BSolntsev%2C+Alexander%3BKravchenko%2C+Ivan%3BNeshev%2C+Dragomir%3BKivshar%2C+Yuri&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Lei&rft.date=2017-02-09&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nanoscale&rft.issn=2040-3372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6nr09702b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2017-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-18 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nr09702b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrafast carrier dynamics in bimetallic nanostructure-enhanced methylammonium lead bromide perovskites. AN - 1856864678; 28067394 AB - In this work, we examine the impact of hybrid bimetallic Au/Ag core/shell nanostructures on the carrier dynamics of methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) mesoporous perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Plasmon-enhanced PSCs incorporated with Au/Ag nanostructures demonstrated improved light harvesting and increased power conversion efficiency by 26% relative to reference devices. Two complementary spectral techniques, transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) and time-resolved photoluminescence (trPL), were employed to gain a mechanistic understanding of plasmonic enhancement processes. TAS revealed a decrease in the photobleach formation time, which suggests that the nanostructures improve hot carrier thermalization to an equilibrium distribution, relieving hot phonon bottleneck in MAPbBr3 perovskites. TAS also showed a decrease in carrier decay lifetimes, indicating that nanostructures enhance photoinduced carrier generation and promote efficient electron injection into TiO2 prior to bulk recombination. Furthermore, nanostructure-incorporated perovskite films demonstrated quenching in steady-state PL and decreases in trPL carrier lifetimes, providing further evidence of improved carrier injection in plasmon-enhanced mesoporous PSCs. JF - Nanoscale AU - Zarick, Holly F AU - Boulesbaa, Abdelaziz AU - Puretzky, Alexander A AU - Talbert, Eric M AU - DeBra, Zachary R AU - Soetan, Naiya AU - Geohegan, David B AU - Bardhan, Rizia AD - Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA. rizia.bardhan@vanderbilt.edu and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA. ; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. Y1 - 2017/01/26/ PY - 2017 DA - 2017 Jan 26 SP - 1475 EP - 1483 VL - 9 IS - 4 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1856864678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nanoscale&rft.atitle=Ultrafast+carrier+dynamics+in+bimetallic+nanostructure-enhanced+methylammonium+lead+bromide+perovskites.&rft.au=Zarick%2C+Holly+F%3BBoulesbaa%2C+Abdelaziz%3BPuretzky%2C+Alexander+A%3BTalbert%2C+Eric+M%3BDeBra%2C+Zachary+R%3BSoetan%2C+Naiya%3BGeohegan%2C+David+B%3BBardhan%2C+Rizia&rft.aulast=Zarick&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft.date=2017-01-26&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1475&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nanoscale&rft.issn=2040-3372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6nr08347a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2017-01-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nr08347a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Li-ion site disorder driven superionic conductivity in solid electrolytes: a first-principles investigation of beta -Li3PS4 AN - 1868338920; PQ0004044993 AB - The attractive safety and long-term stability of all solid-state batteries has added a new impetus to the discovery and development of solid electrolytes for lithium batteries. Recently several superionic lithium conducting solid electrolytes have been discovered. All the superionic lithium containing compounds ( beta -Li3PS4 and Li10GeP2S12 and oxides, predominantly in the garnet phase) have partially occupied sites. This naturally begs the question of understanding the role of partial site occupancies (or site disorder) in optimizing ionic conductivity in these family of solids. We find that for a given topology of the host lattice, maximizing the number of sites with similar Li-ion adsorption energies, which gives partial site occupancy, is a natural way to increase the configurational entropy of the system and optimize the conductivity. For a given topology and density of Li-ion adsorption sites, the ionic conductivity is maximal when the number of mobile Li-ions are equal to the number of mobile vacancies, also the very condition for achieving maximal configurational entropy. We demonstrate applicability of this principle by elucidating the role of Li-ion site disorder and the local chemical environment in the high ionic conductivity of beta -Li3PS4. In addition, for beta -Li3PS4 we find that a significant density of vacancies in the Li-ion sub-lattice ( similar to 25%) leads to sub-lattice melting at ( similar to 600 K) leading to a molten form for the Li-ions in an otherwise solid anionic host. This gives a lithium site occupancy that is similar to what is measured experimentally. We further show that quenching this disorder can improve conductivity at lower temperatures. As a consequence, we discover that (a) one can optimize ionic conductivity in a given topology by choosing a chemistry/composition that maximizes the number of mobile-carriers i.e. maximizing both mobile Li-ions and vacancies, and (b) when the concentration of vacancies becomes significant in the Li-ion sub-lattice, it becomes energetically as well as entropically favorable for it to remain molten well below the bulk decomposition temperature of the solid. This principle may already apply to several known superionic conducting solids. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Phani Dathar, Gopi Krishna AU - Balachandran, Janakiraman AU - Kent, Paul RC AU - Rondinone, Adam J AU - Ganesh, P AD - Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge; Tennessee 37831; USA; +1-865-574-1753; +1-865-574-1999 Y1 - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DA - January 2017 SP - 1153 EP - 1159 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Electrolytes KW - Batteries KW - Energy KW - Safety KW - Adsorption KW - Temperature KW - Decomposition KW - Lithium KW - Sustainability KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1868338920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Li-ion+site+disorder+driven+superionic+conductivity+in+solid+electrolytes%3A+a+first-principles+investigation+of+beta+-Li3PS4&rft.au=Phani+Dathar%2C+Gopi+Krishna%3BBalachandran%2C+Janakiraman%3BKent%2C+Paul+RC%3BRondinone%2C+Adam+J%3BGanesh%2C+P&rft.aulast=Phani+Dathar&rft.aufirst=Gopi&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ta07713g LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electrolytes; Batteries; Energy; Safety; Temperature; Adsorption; Decomposition; Sustainability; Lithium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta07713g ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating uncertainty in ambient and saturation nutrient uptake metrics from nutrient pulse releases in stream ecosystems AN - 1868323042; PQ0004062591 AB - Nutrient spiraling is an important ecosystem process characterizing nutrient transport and uptake in streams. Various nutrient addition methods are used to estimate uptake metrics; however, uncertainty in the metrics is not often evaluated. A method was developed to quantify uncertainty in ambient and saturation nutrient uptake metrics estimated from saturating pulse nutrient additions (Tracer Additions for Spiraling Curve Characterization; TASCC). Using a Monte Carlo (MC) approach, the 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated for ambient uptake lengths (S sub(w-amb)) and maximum areal uptake rates (U sub(max)) based on 100,000 datasets generated from each of four nitrogen and five phosphorous TASCC experiments conducted seasonally in a forest stream in eastern Tennessee, U.S.A. Uncertainty estimates from the MC approach were compared to the CIs estimated from ordinary least squares (OLS) and non-linear least squares (NLS) models used to calculate S sub(w-amb) and U sub(max), respectively, from the TASCC method. The CIs for S sub(w-amb) and U sub(max) were large, but were not consistently larger using the MC method. Despite the large CIs, significant differences (based on non-overlapping CIs) in nutrient metrics among seasons were found with more significant differences using the OLS/NLS vs. the MC method. We suggest that the MC approach is a robust way to estimate uncertainty, as the calculation of S sub(w-amb) and U sub(max) violates assumptions of OLS/NLS while the MC approach is free of these assumptions. The MC approach can be applied to other ecosystem metrics that are calculated from multiple parameters, providing a more robust estimate of these metrics and their associated uncertainties. JF - Limnology and Oceanography: Methods AU - Brooks, Scott C AU - Brandt, Craig C AU - Griffiths, Natalie A AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Y1 - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DA - January 2017 SP - 22 EP - 37 PB - Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 1541-5856, 1541-5856 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Ecosystems KW - Statistical analysis KW - Limnology KW - Nutrients KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Streams KW - Tracers KW - Absorption KW - Seasonal variability KW - Marine KW - Oceanography KW - Saturation KW - Methodology KW - USA, Tennessee KW - Uncertainty KW - Stream KW - Uptake KW - Nutrients (mineral) KW - Nitrogen KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - M2 551.46:General (551.46) KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09182:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1868323042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Limnology+and+Oceanography%3A+Methods&rft.atitle=Estimating+uncertainty+in+ambient+and+saturation+nutrient+uptake+metrics+from+nutrient+pulse+releases+in+stream+ecosystems&rft.au=Brooks%2C+Scott+C%3BBrandt%2C+Craig+C%3BGriffiths%2C+Natalie+A&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Limnology+and+Oceanography%3A+Methods&rft.issn=15415856&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Flom3.10139 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Uncertainty; Stream; Statistical analysis; Limnology; Uptake; Oceanography; Nutrients (mineral); Nitrogen; Methodology; Ecosystems; Seasonal variability; Monte Carlo method; Tracers; Absorption; Nutrients; Saturation; Streams; USA, Tennessee; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10139 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New promising lithium malonatoborate salts for high voltage lithium ion batteries AN - 1868318247; PQ0004044994 AB - Three new lithium salts, lithium difluoro-2-methyl-2-fluoromalonatoborate (LiDFMFMB), lithium difluoro-2-ethyl-2-fluoromalonatoborate (LiDFEFMB), and lithium difluoro-2-propyl-2-fluoromalonatoborate (LiDFPFMB), have been synthesized and evaluated for application in lithium ion batteries. These new salts are soluble in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (1 : 2 by wt) and 1.0 M salt solutions can be easily prepared. The ionic conductivities of these new salts are close to those of LiBF4 and LiPF6. Cyclic voltammograms reveal that these new salt based electrolytes can passivate both natural graphite and high voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) to form effective solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs). In addition, these new salt-based electrolytes exhibit good cycling stability with high coulombic efficiencies in both LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and graphite based half-cells and full cells. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Sun, Xiao-Guang AU - Wan, Shun AU - Guang, Hong Yu AU - Fang, Youxing AU - Reeves, Kimberly Shawn AU - Chi, Miaofang AU - Dai, Sheng AD - Chemical Sciences Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; One Bethel Valley Road; Oak Ridge; TN 37831; USA Y1 - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DA - January 2017 SP - 1233 EP - 1241 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Salts KW - Electrolytes KW - Batteries KW - Energy KW - Lithium KW - Sustainability KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1868318247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=New+promising+lithium+malonatoborate+salts+for+high+voltage+lithium+ion+batteries&rft.au=Sun%2C+Xiao-Guang%3BWan%2C+Shun%3BGuang%2C+Hong+Yu%3BFang%2C+Youxing%3BReeves%2C+Kimberly+Shawn%3BChi%2C+Miaofang%3BDai%2C+Sheng&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Xiao-Guang&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ta07757a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 59 N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salts; Electrolytes; Batteries; Energy; Sustainability; Lithium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta07757a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Cellular Sorption on Mercury Bioavailability and Methylmercury Production by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND132. AN - 1851302969; 27993064 AB - Microbial conversion of inorganic mercury (IHg) to methylmercury (MeHg) is a significant environmental concern because of the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of toxic MeHg in the food web. Laboratory incubation studies have shown that, despite the presence of large quantities of IHg in cell cultures, MeHg biosynthesis often reaches a plateau or a maximum within hours or a day by an as yet unexplained mechanism. Here we report that mercuric Hg(II) can be taken up rapidly by cells of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND132, but a large fraction of the Hg(II) is unavailable for methylation because of strong cellular sorption. Thiols, such as cysteine, glutathione, and penicillamine, added either simultaneously with Hg(II) or after cells have been exposed to Hg(II), effectively desorb or mobilize the bound Hg(II), leading to a substantial increase in MeHg production. The amount of thiol-desorbed Hg(II) is strongly correlated to the amount of MeHg produced (r = 0.98). However, cells do not preferentially take up Hg(II)-thiol complexes, but Hg(II)-ligand exchange between these complexes and the cell-associated proteins likely constrains Hg(II) uptake and methylation. We suggest that, aside from aqueous chemical speciation of Hg(II), binding and exchange of Hg(II) between cells and complexing ligands such as thiols and naturally dissolved organics in solution is an important controlling mechanism of Hg(II) bioavailability, which should be considered when predicting MeHg production in the environment. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Liu, Yu-Rong AU - Lu, Xia AU - Zhao, Linduo AU - An, Jing AU - He, Ji-Zheng AU - Pierce, Eric M AU - Johs, Alexander AU - Gu, Baohua AD - State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China. ; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. Y1 - 2016/12/20/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Dec 20 SP - 13335 EP - 13341 VL - 50 IS - 24 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1851302969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Cellular+Sorption+on+Mercury+Bioavailability+and+Methylmercury+Production+by+Desulfovibrio+desulfuricans+ND132.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Yu-Rong%3BLu%2C+Xia%3BZhao%2C+Linduo%3BAn%2C+Jing%3BHe%2C+Ji-Zheng%3BPierce%2C+Eric+M%3BJohs%2C+Alexander%3BGu%2C+Baohua&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Yu-Rong&rft.date=2016-12-20&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=13335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=1520-5851&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - COMPARISON OF MONOENERGETIC PHOTON ORGAN DOSE RATE COEFFICIENTS FOR STYLIZED AND VOXEL PHANTOMS SUBMERGED IN AIR AN - 1868330230; PQ0004027032 AB - As part of a broader effort to calculate effective dose rate coefficients for external exposure to photons and electrons emitted by radionuclides distributed in air, soil or water, age-specific stylized phantoms have been employed to determine dose coefficients relating dose rate to organs and tissues in the body. In this article, dose rate coefficients computed using the International Commission on Radiological Protection reference adult male voxel phantom are compared with values computed using the Oak Ridge National Laboratory adult male stylized phantom in an air submersion exposure geometry. Monte Carlo calculations for both phantoms were performed for monoenergetic source photons in the range of 30 keV to 5 MeV. These calculations largely result in differences under 10 % for photon energies above 50 keV, and it can be expected that both models show comparable results for the environmental sources of radionuclides. JF - Radiation Protection Dosimetry AU - Bellamy, M B AU - Hiller, M M AU - Dewji, S A AU - Veinot, K G AU - Leggett, R W AU - Eckerman, K F AU - Easterly, C E AU - Hertel, N E AD - Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008 MS 6335, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6335, USA, dewjisa@ornl.gov Y1 - 2016/12// PY - 2016 DA - December 2016 SP - 367 EP - 374 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 172 IS - 4 SN - 0144-8420, 0144-8420 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge KW - Soil KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Radiation KW - Dose-response effects KW - Energy KW - Commissions KW - Dosimetry KW - Radioisotopes KW - Organs KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1868330230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+Protection+Dosimetry&rft.atitle=COMPARISON+OF+MONOENERGETIC+PHOTON+ORGAN+DOSE+RATE+COEFFICIENTS+FOR+STYLIZED+AND+VOXEL+PHANTOMS+SUBMERGED+IN+AIR&rft.au=Bellamy%2C+M+B%3BHiller%2C+M+M%3BDewji%2C+S+A%3BVeinot%2C+K+G%3BLeggett%2C+R+W%3BEckerman%2C+K+F%3BEasterly%2C+C+E%3BHertel%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.volume=172&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=367&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+Protection+Dosimetry&rft.issn=01448420&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Frpd%2Fncv548 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monte Carlo simulation; Soil; Radiation; Energy; Dose-response effects; Dosimetry; Commissions; Radioisotopes; Organs; USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncv548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An improved multilevel Monte Carlo method for estimating probability distribution functions in stochastic oil reservoir simulations AN - 1868302271; PQ0004053705 AB - In this work, we develop an improved multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method for estimating cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of a quantity of interest, coming from numerical approximation of large-scale stochastic subsurface simulations. Compared with Monte Carlo (MC) methods, that require a significantly large number of high-fidelity model executions to achieve a prescribed accuracy when computing statistical expectations, MLMC methods were originally proposed to significantly reduce the computational cost with the use of multifidelity approximations. The improved performance of the MLMC methods depends strongly on the decay of the variance of the integrand as the level increases. However, the main challenge in estimating CDFs is that the integrand is a discontinuous indicator function whose variance decays slowly. To address this difficult task, we approximate the integrand using a smoothing function that accelerates the decay of the variance. In addition, we design a novel a posteriori optimization strategy to calibrate the smoothing function, so as to balance the computational gain and the approximation error. The combined proposed techniques are integrated into a very general and practical algorithm that can be applied to a wide range of subsurface problems for high-dimensional uncertainty quantification, such as a fine-grid oil reservoir model considered in this effort. The numerical results reveal that with the use of the calibrated smoothing function, the improved MLMC technique significantly reduces the computational complexity compared to the standard MC approach. Finally, we discuss several factors that affect the performance of the MLMC method and provide guidance for effective and efficient usage in practice. Key Points * Develop an improved multilevel Monte Carlo method * Apply the method to an oil reservoir model * Evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method JF - Water Resources Research AU - Lu, Dan AU - Zhang, Guannan AU - Webster, Clayton AU - Barbier, Charlotte AD - Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2016/12// PY - 2016 DA - December 2016 SP - 9642 EP - 9660 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United States VL - 52 IS - 12 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Geographical distribution KW - Indicators KW - Algorithms KW - Statistical analysis KW - Water resources KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Reservoir models KW - Decay KW - Reservoirs KW - Modelling KW - Mathematical models KW - Probability Distribution KW - Simulation Analysis KW - Stochastic models in hydrology KW - Stochastic methods in hydrology KW - Oil Reservoirs KW - Methodology KW - Uncertainty KW - Numerical simulations KW - Oil reservoirs KW - Standards KW - Water resources research KW - Optimization KW - Water Resources KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09127:General papers on resources KW - SW 0810:General KW - M2 556.18:Water Management (556.18) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1868302271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=An+improved+multilevel+Monte+Carlo+method+for+estimating+probability+distribution+functions+in+stochastic+oil+reservoir+simulations&rft.au=Lu%2C+Dan%3BZhang%2C+Guannan%3BWebster%2C+Clayton%3BBarbier%2C+Charlotte&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=9642&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2016WR019475 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Uncertainty; Geographical distribution; Mathematical models; Oil reservoirs; Statistical analysis; Water resources; Decay; Modelling; Methodology; Numerical simulations; Reservoir models; Stochastic models in hydrology; Algorithms; Monte Carlo method; Water resources research; Stochastic methods in hydrology; Reservoirs; Probability Distribution; Simulation Analysis; Indicators; Standards; Monte Carlo Method; Oil Reservoirs; Optimization; Water Resources DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019475 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of biochars produced from peanut hulls and pine wood with different pyrolysis conditions AN - 1780532472; PQ0002857890 AB - Application of modern biomass pyrolysis methods for production of biofuels and biochar is potentially a significant approach to enable global carbon capture and sequestration. To realize this potential, it is essential to develop methods that produce biochar with the characteristics needed for effective soil amendment. Methods: Biochar materials were produced from peanut hulls and pine wood with different pyrolysis conditions, then characterized by cation exchange (CEC) capacity assays, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm measurements, micro/nanostructural imaging, infrared spectra and elemental analyses. Results: Under a standard assay condition of pH 8.5, the CEC values of the peanut hull-derived biochar materials, ranging from 6.22 to 66.56 cmol kg super(-1), are significantly higher than those of the southern yellow pine-derived biochar, which are near zero or negative. The biochar produced from peanut hulls with a steam activation process yielded the highest CEC value of 66.56 cmol kg super(-1), which is about 5 times higher than the cation exchange capacity (12.51 cmol kg super(-1)) of a reference soil sample. Notably, biochar produced from peanut hulls with batch barrel retort pyrolysis also has a much higher CEC value (60.12 cmol kg super(-1)) than that (12.45 cmol kg super(-1)) from Eprida's H sub(2)-producing continuous steam injection process. The CEC values were shown to correlate well with the ratios of oxygen atoms to carbon atoms (O:C ratios) in the biochar materials. The higher O:C ratio in a biochar material may indicate the presence of more hydroxyl, carboxylate, and carbonyl groups that contribute to a higher CEC value for the biochar product. In addition, the increase in surface area can also play a role in increasing the CEC value of biochar, as in the case of the steam activation char. Conclusion: Comparison of characterization results indicated that CEC value is determined not only by the type of the source biomass materials but also by the pyrolysis conditions. Biochar with the desirable characteristics of extremely high surface area (700 m super(2)/g) and cation exchange capacity (> 60 cmol kg) was created through steam activation. JF - Bioresources and Bioprocessing AU - Lee, James W AU - Hawkins, Bob AU - Kidder, Michelle K AU - Evans, Barbara R AU - Buchanan, A C AU - Day, Danny AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA, jwlee@odu.edu Y1 - 2016/12// PY - 2016 DA - December 2016 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 3 IS - 1 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Charcoal KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Fuel technology KW - Steam KW - Nuts KW - Exchange capacity KW - Soil KW - Carbon KW - Isotherms KW - pH effects KW - Surface area KW - Wood KW - Biomass KW - imaging KW - Carbonyl compounds KW - Soil amendment KW - Pyrolysis KW - Oxygen KW - Cations KW - carbonyls KW - Biofuels KW - Nitrogen KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1780532472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresources+and+Bioprocessing&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+biochars+produced+from+peanut+hulls+and+pine+wood+with+different+pyrolysis+conditions&rft.au=Lee%2C+James+W%3BHawkins%2C+Bob%3BKidder%2C+Michelle+K%3BEvans%2C+Barbara+R%3BBuchanan%2C+A+C%3BDay%2C+Danny&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresources+and+Bioprocessing&rft.issn=2197-4365&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs40643-016-0092-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Surface area; Steam; Nuts; Biomass; imaging; Soil amendment; Pyrolysis; Oxygen; Carbon; Cations; Isotherms; carbonyls; pH effects; Biofuels; Nitrogen; Charcoal; Fuel technology; Wood; Exchange capacity; Carbonyl compounds; Soil; Arachis hypogaea DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40643-016-0092-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the role of re-adsorption of dissolved Hg(2+) during cinnabar dissolution using isotope tracer technique. AN - 1806436788; 27322904 AB - Cinnabar dissolution is an important factor controlling mercury (Hg) cycling. Recent studies have suggested the co-occurrence of re-adsorption of the released Hg during the course of cinnabar dissolution. However, there is a lack of feasible techniques that can quantitatively assess the amount of Hg re-adsorbed on cinnabar when investigating cinnabar dissolution. In this study, a new method, based on isotope tracing and dilution techniques, was developed to study the role of Hg re-adsorption in cinnabar dissolution. The developed method includes two key components: (1) accurate measurement of both released and spiked Hg in aqueous phase and (2) estimation of re-adsorbed Hg on cinnabar surface via the reduction in spiked (202)Hg(2+). By adopting the developed method, it was found that the released Hg for trials purged with oxygen could reach several hundred μgL(-1), while no significant cinnabar dissolution was detected under anaerobic condition. Cinnabar dissolution rate when considering Hg re-adsorption was approximately 2 times the value calculated solely with the Hg detected in the aqueous phase. These results suggest that ignoring the Hg re-adsorption process can significantly underestimate the importance of cinnabar dissolution, highlighting the necessity of applying the developed method in future cinnabar dissolution studies. JF - Journal of hazardous materials AU - Jiang, Ping AU - Li, Yanbin AU - Liu, Guangliang AU - Yang, Guidi AU - Lagos, Leonel AU - Yin, Yongguang AU - Gu, Baohua AU - Jiang, Guibin AU - Cai, Yong AD - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. ; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. ; College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. ; Applied Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. ; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. ; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN 37831, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. Electronic address: cai@fiu.edu. Y1 - 2016/11/05/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Nov 05 SP - 466 EP - 475 VL - 317 KW - Index Medicus KW - Isotope tracer technique KW - Hg re-adsorption on cinnabar surface KW - Cinnabar dissolution KW - Redox condition KW - Isotope dilution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1806436788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+role+of+re-adsorption+of+dissolved+Hg%282%2B%29+during+cinnabar+dissolution+using+isotope+tracer+technique.&rft.au=Jiang%2C+Ping%3BLi%2C+Yanbin%3BLiu%2C+Guangliang%3BYang%2C+Guidi%3BLagos%2C+Leonel%3BYin%2C+Yongguang%3BGu%2C+Baohua%3BJiang%2C+Guibin%3BCai%2C+Yong&rft.aulast=Jiang&rft.aufirst=Ping&rft.date=2016-11-05&rft.volume=317&rft.issue=&rft.spage=466&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.issn=1873-3336&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhazmat.2016.05.084 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.084 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An adaptable seismic data format AN - 1855316049; 2017-001179 AB - We present ASDF, the Adaptable Seismic Data Format, a modern and practical data format for all branches of seismology and beyond. The growing volume of freely available data coupled with ever expanding computational power opens avenues to tackle larger and more complex problems. Current bottlenecks include inefficient resource usage and insufficient data organization. Properly scaling a problem requires the resolution of both these challenges, and existing data formats are no longer up to the task. ASDF stores any number of synthetic, processed or unaltered waveforms in a single file. A key improvement compared to existing formats is the inclusion of comprehensive meta information, such as event or station information, in the same file. Additionally, it is also usable for any non-waveform data, for example, cross-correlations, adjoint sources or receiver functions. Last but not least, full provenance information can be stored alongside each item of data, thereby enhancing reproducibility and accountability. Any data set in our proposed format is self-describing and can be readily exchanged with others, facilitating collaboration. The utilization of the HDF5 container format grants efficient and parallel I/O operations, integrated compression algorithms and check sums to guard against data corruption. To not reinvent the wheel and to build upon past developments, we use existing standards like QuakeML, StationXML, W3C PROV and HDF5 wherever feasible. Usability and tool support are crucial for any new format to gain acceptance. We developed mature C/Fortran and Python based APIs coupling ASDF to the widely used SPECFEM3D_GLOBE and ObsPy toolkits. JF - Geophysical Journal International AU - Krischer, Lion AU - Smith, James AU - Lei, Wenjie AU - Lefebvre, Matthieu AU - Ruan, Youyi AU - de Andrade, Elliott Sales AU - Podhorszki, Norbert AU - Bozdag, Ebru AU - Tromp, Jeroen Y1 - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DA - November 2016 SP - 1003 EP - 1011 PB - Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society VL - 207 IS - 2 SN - 0956-540X, 0956-540X KW - time series analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - data processing KW - elastic waves KW - adaptable seismic data format KW - waveforms KW - information management KW - data management KW - computer programs KW - parallel processing KW - propagation KW - seismic waves KW - algorithms KW - data storage KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1855316049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.atitle=An+adaptable+seismic+data+format&rft.au=Krischer%2C+Lion%3BSmith%2C+James%3BLei%2C+Wenjie%3BLefebvre%2C+Matthieu%3BRuan%2C+Youyi%3Bde+Andrade%2C+Elliott+Sales%3BPodhorszki%2C+Norbert%3BBozdag%2C+Ebru%3BTromp%2C+Jeroen&rft.aulast=Krischer&rft.aufirst=Lion&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1003&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.issn=0956540X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fgji%2Fggw319 L2 - http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0956-540X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adaptable seismic data format; algorithms; computer programs; data management; data processing; data storage; elastic waves; information management; parallel processing; propagation; seismic waves; statistical analysis; time series analysis; waveforms DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw319 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical instability leads to unusual chemical-potential-independent defect formation and diffusion in perovskite solar cell material CH3NH3PbI3 AN - 1846412257; PQ0003819517 AB - Methylammonium (MA) lead triiodide (MAPbI3) has recently emerged as a promising solar cell material. However, MAPbI3 is known to have chemical instability, i.e., MAPbI3 is prone to decomposition into MAI and PbI2 even at moderate temperatures (e.g. 330 K). Here, we show that the chemical instability, as reflected by the calculated negligible enthalpy of formation of MAPbI3 (with respect to MAI and PbI2), has an unusual and important consequence for defect properties, i.e., defect formation energies in low-carrier-density MAPbI3 are nearly independent of the chemical potentials of constituent elements and thus can be uniquely determined. This allows straightforward calculations of defect concentrations and the activation energy of ionic conductivity (the sum of the formation energy and the diffusion barrier of the charged mobile defect) in MAPbI3. The calculated activation energy for ionic conductivity due to diffusion is in excellent agreement with the experimental values, which demonstrates unambiguously that is the dominant diffusing defect and is responsible for the observed ion migration and device polarization in MAPbI3 solar cells. The calculated low formation energy of a Frenkel pair and low diffusion barriers of and suggest that the iodine ion migration and the resulting device polarization may occur even in single-crystal devices and grain-boundary-passivated polycrystalline thin film devices (which were previously suggested to be free from ion-migration-induced device polarization), leading to device degradation. However, the device polarization due to the Frenkel pair (which has a relatively low concentration) may take a long time to develop and thus may avoid the appearance of the current-voltage hysteresis at typical scan rates. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Ming, Wenmei AU - Chen, Shiyou AU - Du, Mao-Hua AD - Materials Science and Technology Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge; TN 37831; USA Y1 - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DA - November 2016 SP - 16975 EP - 16981 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 4 IS - 43 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Degradation KW - Energy KW - Solar cells KW - Temperature KW - Iodine KW - Diffusion KW - Hysteresis KW - Polarization KW - Migration KW - Decomposition KW - Sustainability KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1846412257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Chemical+instability+leads+to+unusual+chemical-potential-independent+defect+formation+and+diffusion+in+perovskite+solar+cell+material+CH3NH3PbI3&rft.au=Ming%2C+Wenmei%3BChen%2C+Shiyou%3BDu%2C+Mao-Hua&rft.aulast=Ming&rft.aufirst=Wenmei&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=16975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ta07492h LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Degradation; Solar cells; Energy; Temperature; Iodine; Hysteresis; Diffusion; Polarization; Decomposition; Migration; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta07492h ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An indirect latent informational conformity social influence choice model: Formulation and case study AN - 1837321412; PQ0003764173 AB - The current state-of-the-art in social influence models of travel behavior is conformity models with direct benefit social influence effects; indirect effects have seen limited development. This paper presents a latent class discrete choice model of an indirect informational conformity hypothesis. Class membership depends on the proportion of group members who adopt a behavior. Membership into the "more informed" class causes taste variation in those individuals thus making adoption more attractive. Equilibrium properties are derived for the informational conformity model showing the possibility of multiple equilibria but under different conditions than the direct-benefit formulations. Social influence elasticity is computed for both models types and non-linear elasticity behavior is represented. Additionally, a two-stage control function is developed to obtain consistent parameter estimates in the presence of an endogenous class membership model covariate that is correlated with choice utility unobservables. The modeling framework is applied in a case study on social influence for bicycle ownership in the United States. Results showed that "more informed" households had a greater chance of owning a bike due to taste variation. These households were less sensitive to smaller home footprints and limited incomes. The behavioral hypothesis of positive preference change due to information transfer was confirmed. Observed ownership share closely matched predicted local-level equilibrium in some metropolitan areas, but the model was unable to fully achieve the expected prediction rates within confidence intervals. The elasticity of social influence was found to range locally from about 0.5% to 1.0%. JF - Transportation Research, Part B AU - Maness, Michael AU - Cirillo, Cinzia AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, National Transportation Research Center, 2360 Cherahala Boulevard, Knoxville, TN 37932, United States Y1 - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DA - November 2016 SP - 75 EP - 101 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 93 SN - 0191-2615, 0191-2615 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Discrete choice KW - Bicycle ownership KW - Latent class KW - Social learning KW - Social equilibrium KW - Endogeneity KW - Prediction KW - Travel KW - USA KW - Bicycles KW - Case studies KW - Transportation KW - Households KW - Social behavior KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Income KW - ENA 18:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1837321412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transportation+Research%2C+Part+B&rft.atitle=An+indirect+latent+informational+conformity+social+influence+choice+model%3A+Formulation+and+case+study&rft.au=Maness%2C+Michael%3BCirillo%2C+Cinzia&rft.aulast=Maness&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transportation+Research%2C+Part+B&rft.issn=01912615&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.trb.2016.07.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Travel; Prediction; Transportation; Case studies; Bicycles; Households; Social behavior; Metropolitan areas; Income; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2016.07.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid detection of microbial cell abundance in aquatic systems AN - 1815707975; PQ0003566333 AB - The detection and quantification of naturally occurring microbial cellular densities is an essential component of environmental systems monitoring. While there are a number of commonly utilized approaches for monitoring microbial abundance, capacitance-based biosensors represent a promising approach because of their low-cost and label-free detection of microbial cells, but are not as well characterized as more traditional methods. Here, we investigate the applicability of enhanced alternating current electrokinetics (ACEK) capacitive sensing as a new application for rapidly detecting and quantifying microbial cellular densities in cultured and environmentally sourced aquatic samples. ACEK capacitive sensor performance was evaluated using two distinct and dynamic systems - the Great Australian Bight and groundwater from the Oak Ridge Reservation in Oak Ridge, TN. Results demonstrate that ACEK capacitance-based sensing can accurately determine microbial cell counts throughout cellular concentrations typically encountered in naturally occurring microbial communities (103-106 cells/mL). A linear relationship was observed between cellular density and capacitance change correlations, allowing a simple linear curve fitting equation to be used for determining microbial abundances in unknown samples. This work provides a foundation for understanding the limits of capacitance-based sensing in natural environmental samples and supports future efforts focusing on evaluating the robustness ACEK capacitance-based within aquatic environments. JF - Biosensors and Bioelectronics AU - Rocha, Andrea M AU - Yuan, Quan AU - Close, Dan M AU - O'Dell, Kaela B AU - Fortney, Julian L AU - Wu, Jayne AU - Hazen, Terry C AD - Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA Y1 - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DA - November 2016 SP - 915 EP - 923 PB - Elsevier B.V., 660 White Plains Rd. Tarrytown NY 10591-5153 United States VL - 85 SN - 0956-5663, 0956-5663 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biosensor KW - Interfacial capacitance KW - AC electrokinetics KW - Microbial abundance KW - Biosensors KW - Mathematical models KW - Ground water KW - Microorganisms KW - Capacitance KW - Aquatic environment KW - W 30955:Biosensors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1815707975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosensors+and+Bioelectronics&rft.atitle=Rapid+detection+of+microbial+cell+abundance+in+aquatic+systems&rft.au=Rocha%2C+Andrea+M%3BYuan%2C+Quan%3BClose%2C+Dan+M%3BO%27Dell%2C+Kaela+B%3BFortney%2C+Julian+L%3BWu%2C+Jayne%3BHazen%2C+Terry+C&rft.aulast=Rocha&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosensors+and+Bioelectronics&rft.issn=09565663&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.bios.2016.05.098 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biosensors; Mathematical models; Microorganisms; Ground water; Capacitance; Aquatic environment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.098 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low temperature synthesis of hierarchical TiO2 nanostructures for high performance perovskite solar cells by pulsed laser deposition. AN - 1826705902; 27292294 AB - A promising way to advance perovskite solar cells is to improve the quality of the electron transport material -e.g., titanium dioxide (TiO2) - in a direction that increases electron transport and extraction. Although dense TiO2 films are easily grown in solution, efficient electron extraction suffers due to a lack of interfacial contact area with the perovskites. Conversely, mesoporous films do offer high surface-area-to-volume ratios, thereby promoting efficient electron extraction, but their morphology is relatively difficult to control via conventional solution synthesis methods. Here, a pulsed laser deposition method was used to assemble TiO2 nanoparticles into TiO2 hierarchical architectures exhibiting an anatase crystal structure, and prototype solar cells employing these structures yielded power conversion efficiencies of ∼14%. Our approach demonstrates a way to grow high aspect-ratio TiO2 nanostructures for improved interfacial contact between TiO2 and perovskite materials, leading to high electron-hole pair separation and electron extraction efficiencies for superior photovoltaic performance. Compared to previous pulsed laser deposition-synthesized TiO2 mesoporous crystalline networks that needed post-thermal annealing at 500 °C to form mesoporous crystalline networks, our relatively low temperature (300 °C) TiO2 processing method may promote reduced energy-consumption during device fabrication, as well as enable compatibility with flexible polymer substrates such as polyimide. JF - Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP AU - Yang, Bin AU - Mahjouri-Samani, Masoud AU - Rouleau, Christopher M AU - Geohegan, David B AU - Xiao, Kai AD - Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. xiaok@ornl.gov. Y1 - 2016/10/21/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Oct 21 SP - 27067 EP - 27072 VL - 18 IS - 39 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1826705902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+chemistry+chemical+physics+%3A+PCCP&rft.atitle=Low+temperature+synthesis+of+hierarchical+TiO2+nanostructures+for+high+performance+perovskite+solar+cells+by+pulsed+laser+deposition.&rft.au=Yang%2C+Bin%3BMahjouri-Samani%2C+Masoud%3BRouleau%2C+Christopher+M%3BGeohegan%2C+David+B%3BXiao%2C+Kai&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Bin&rft.date=2016-10-21&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=39&rft.spage=27067&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physical+chemistry+chemical+physics+%3A+PCCP&rft.issn=1463-9084&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-06-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somatic Growth Dilution of a toxicant in a predator-prey model under stoichiometric constraints. AN - 1816638239; 27460586 AB - The development of aquatic food chain models that incorporate both the effects of nutrient availability, as well as, track toxicants through trophic levels will shed light on ecotoxicological processes and ultimately help improve risk assessment efforts. Here we develop a stoichiometric aquatic food chain model of two trophic levels that investigates concurrent nutrient and toxic stressors in order to improve our understanding of the processes governing the trophic transfer for nutrients, energy, and toxicants. Analytical analysis of positive invariance, local stability of boundary equilibria, numerical simulations, and bifurcation analysis are presented. The model captures and explores a phenomenon called the Somatic Growth Dilution (SGD) effect recently observed empirically, where organisms experience a greater than proportional gain in biomass relative to toxicant concentrations when consuming food with high nutritional content vs. low quality food. JF - Journal of theoretical biology AU - Peace, Angela AU - Poteat, Monica D AU - Wang, Hao AD - Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA; National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, USA. Electronic address: a.peace@ttu.edu. ; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. ; Centre for Mathematical Biology, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G1. Y1 - 2016/10/21/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Oct 21 SP - 198 EP - 211 VL - 407 KW - Index Medicus KW - Methylmercury KW - Predator–prey model KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Ecological stoichiometry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1816638239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+theoretical+biology&rft.atitle=Somatic+Growth+Dilution+of+a+toxicant+in+a+predator-prey+model+under+stoichiometric+constraints.&rft.au=Peace%2C+Angela%3BPoteat%2C+Monica+D%3BWang%2C+Hao&rft.aulast=Peace&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.date=2016-10-21&rft.volume=407&rft.issue=&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+theoretical+biology&rft.issn=1095-8541&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jtbi.2016.07.036 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-09-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.07.036 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stacking sequence and interlayer coupling in few-layer graphene revealed by in situ imaging. AN - 1835488607; 27759024 AB - In the transition from graphene to graphite, the addition of each individual graphene layer modifies the electronic structure and produces a different material with unique properties. Controlled growth of few-layer graphene is therefore of fundamental interest and will provide access to materials with engineered electronic structure. Here we combine isothermal growth and etching experiments with in situ scanning electron microscopy to reveal the stacking sequence and interlayer coupling strength in few-layer graphene. The observed layer-dependent etching rates reveal the relative strength of the graphene-graphene and graphene-substrate interaction and the resulting mode of adlayer growth. Scanning tunnelling microscopy and density functional theory calculations confirm a strong coupling between graphene edge atoms and platinum. Simulated etching confirms that etching can be viewed as reversed growth. This work demonstrates that real-time imaging under controlled atmosphere is a powerful method for designing synthesis protocols for sp2 carbon nanostructures in between graphene and graphite. JF - Nature communications AU - Wang, Zhu-Jun AU - Dong, Jichen AU - Cui, Yi AU - Eres, Gyula AU - Timpe, Olaf AU - Fu, Qiang AU - Ding, Feng AU - Schloegl, R AU - Willinger, Marc-Georg AD - Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin-Dahlem D-14195, Germany. ; Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China. ; Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China. ; Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA. ; State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. Y1 - 2016/10/19/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Oct 19 SP - 13256 VL - 7 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1835488607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+communications&rft.atitle=Stacking+sequence+and+interlayer+coupling+in+few-layer+graphene+revealed+by+in+situ+imaging.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Zhu-Jun%3BDong%2C+Jichen%3BCui%2C+Yi%3BEres%2C+Gyula%3BTimpe%2C+Olaf%3BFu%2C+Qiang%3BDing%2C+Feng%3BSchloegl%2C+R%3BWillinger%2C+Marc-Georg&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Zhu-Jun&rft.date=2016-10-19&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=13256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+communications&rft.issn=2041-1723&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fncomms13256 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-28 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Phys Rev Lett. 2015 Mar 20;114(11):115502 [25839288] Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2014 Dec 21;16(47):25989-6003 [25356600] J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Apr 2;130(13):4224-5 [18331034] Nature. 2009 Jun 11;459(7248):820-3 [19516337] Nano Lett. 2011 Sep 14;11(9):3519-25 [21793495] ACS Nano. 2008 Nov 25;2(11):2301-5 [19206396] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 24;106(8):2506-9 [19202071] ACS Nano. 2015 Feb 24;9(2):1506-19 [25584770] Phys Rev Lett. 2007 Nov 23;99(21):216802 [18233240] ACS Nano. 2013 Mar 26;7(3):2587-94 [23448165] Nano Lett. 2011 Mar 9;11(3):1106-10 [21322597] J Comput Chem. 2006 Nov 30;27(15):1787-99 [16955487] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Sep 18;109(38):15136-40 [22949702] ACS Nano. 2012 Apr 24;6(4):3243-50 [22417179] Phys Rev Lett. 2007 May 18;98(20):206805 [17677729] J Am Chem Soc. 2014 Feb 26;136(8):3040-7 [24499486] Phys Rev Lett. 2008 Sep 19;101(12):126102 [18851393] Nat Mater. 2008 May;7(5):406-11 [18391956] Nat Mater. 2007 Oct;6(10):770-5 [17828279] Phys Rev B Condens Matter. 1993 Nov 1;48(17):13115-13118 [10007687] Nano Lett. 2011 May 11;11(5):1895-900 [21466213] ACS Nano. 2014 Oct 28;8(10):10766-73 [25295851] ACS Nano. 2014 Apr 22;8(4):3590-6 [24654926] Phys Rev B Condens Matter. 1996 Dec 15;54(24):17954-17961 [9985930] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Dec 17;110(51):20386-91 [24297886] J Phys Chem Lett. 2014 Sep 18;5(18):3093-9 [26276318] ACS Nano. 2012 Sep 25;6(9):7731-8 [22946844] ACS Nano. 2011 Mar 22;5(3):2298-306 [21322532] Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):951-4 [16917057] ACS Nano. 2011 Oct 25;5(10):8241-7 [21888426] Nano Lett. 2013 Feb 13;13(2):486-90 [23278710] Phys Rev Lett. 2009 Jun 26;102(25):256405 [19659105] Phys Rev Lett. 2009 Nov 6;103(19):196401 [20365938] Conflict of Interest: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-28 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13256 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ensemble-based docking: From hit discovery to metabolism and toxicity predictions. AN - 1835361304; 27543390 AB - This paper describes and illustrates the use of ensemble-based docking, i.e., using a collection of protein structures in docking calculations for hit discovery, the exploration of biochemical pathways and toxicity prediction of drug candidates. We describe the computational engineering work necessary to enable large ensemble docking campaigns on supercomputers. We show examples where ensemble-based docking has significantly increased the number and the diversity of validated drug candidates. Finally, we illustrate how ensemble-based docking can be extended beyond hit discovery and toward providing a structural basis for the prediction of metabolism and off-target binding relevant to pre-clinical and clinical trials. JF - Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry AU - Evangelista, Wilfredo AU - Weir, Rebecca L AU - Ellingson, Sally R AU - Harris, Jason B AU - Kapoor, Karan AU - Smith, Jeremy C AU - Baudry, Jerome AD - Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States; UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States. ; UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States; Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States; Division of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky and Cancer Research Informatics, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, United States. ; UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States; Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States. ; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States; UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States; Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States. Electronic address: smithjc@ornl.gov. ; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States; UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States; Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States. Electronic address: jbaudry@utk.edu. Y1 - 2016/10/15/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Oct 15 SP - 4928 EP - 4935 VL - 24 IS - 20 KW - Hit discovery KW - Drug discovery KW - Computational drug discovery KW - Docking KW - Toxicity KW - Lead discovery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1835361304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioorganic+%26+medicinal+chemistry&rft.atitle=Ensemble-based+docking%3A+From+hit+discovery+to+metabolism+and+toxicity+predictions.&rft.au=Evangelista%2C+Wilfredo%3BWeir%2C+Rebecca+L%3BEllingson%2C+Sally+R%3BHarris%2C+Jason+B%3BKapoor%2C+Karan%3BSmith%2C+Jeremy+C%3BBaudry%2C+Jerome&rft.aulast=Evangelista&rft.aufirst=Wilfredo&rft.date=2016-10-15&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=4928&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioorganic+%26+medicinal+chemistry&rft.issn=1464-3391&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.bmc.2016.07.064 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.064 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anisotropic mechanical properties of zircon and the effect of radiation damage AN - 1840621652; 2016-096691 AB - This study provides new insights into the relationship between radiation-dose-dependent structural damage due to natural U and Th impurities and the anisotropic mechanical properties (Poisson's ratio, elastic modulus and hardness) of zircon. Natural zircon samples from Sri Lanka (see Muarakami et al. in Am Mineral 76:1510-1532, 1991) and synthetic samples, covering a dose range of zero up to 6.8 X 10 (super 18) alpha -decays/g, have been studied by nanoindentation. Measurements along the [100] crystallographic direction and calculations, based on elastic stiffness constants determined by Ozkan (J Appl Phys 47:4772-4779, 1976), revealed a general radiation-induced decrease in stiffness ( approximately 54 %) and hardness ( approximately 48 %) and an increase in the Poisson's ratio ( approximately 54 %) with increasing dose. Additional indentations on selected samples along the [001] allowed one to follow the amorphization process to the point that the mechanical properties are isotropic. This work shows that the radiation-dose-dependent changes of the mechanical properties of zircon can be directly correlated with the amorphous fraction as determined by previous investigations with local and global probes (Rios et al. in J Phys Condens Matter 12:2401-2412, 2000a; Farnan and Salje in J Appl Phys 89:2084-2090, 2001; Zhang and Salje in J Phys Condens Matter 13:3057-3071, 2001). The excellent agreement, revealed by the different methods, indicates a large influence of structural and even local phenomena on the macroscopic mechanical properties. Therefore, this study indicates the importance of acquiring better knowledge about the mechanical long-term stability of radiation-damaged materials. Copyright 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg JF - Physics and Chemistry of Minerals AU - Beirau, Tobias AU - Nix, William D AU - Bismayer, Ulrich AU - Boatner, Lynn A AU - Isaacson, Scott G AU - Ewing, Rodney C Y1 - 2016/10// PY - 2016 DA - October 2016 SP - 627 EP - 638 PB - Springer-Verlag, Berlin - New York VL - 43 IS - 9 SN - 0342-1791, 0342-1791 KW - zircon group KW - silicates KW - Poisson's ratio KW - amorphous materials KW - impurities KW - stiffness KW - radiation damage KW - zircon KW - mechanical properties KW - crystal structure KW - elastic constants KW - nesosilicates KW - metamictization KW - metals KW - orthosilicates KW - isotropy KW - thorium KW - uranium KW - hardness KW - actinides KW - anisotropy KW - 01B:Mineralogy of silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1840621652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+and+Chemistry+of+Minerals&rft.atitle=Anisotropic+mechanical+properties+of+zircon+and+the+effect+of+radiation+damage&rft.au=Beirau%2C+Tobias%3BNix%2C+William+D%3BBismayer%2C+Ulrich%3BBoatner%2C+Lynn+A%3BIsaacson%2C+Scott+G%3BEwing%2C+Rodney+C&rft.aulast=Beirau&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physics+and+Chemistry+of+Minerals&rft.issn=03421791&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00269-016-0822-9 L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100449/?p=e597e977f1914094b3810f7e67f0a453&pi=0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 79 N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-17 N1 - CODEN - PCMIDU N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; amorphous materials; anisotropy; crystal structure; elastic constants; hardness; impurities; isotropy; mechanical properties; metals; metamictization; nesosilicates; orthosilicates; Poisson's ratio; radiation damage; silicates; stiffness; thorium; uranium; zircon; zircon group DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00269-016-0822-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An approach towards tailoring interfacial structures and properties of multiphase renewable thermoplastics from lignin-nitrile rubber AN - 1837324645; PQ0003742945 AB - Lignin-derived thermoplastics and elastomers with both versatile performance and commercialization potential have been an elusive pursuit for the past several decades. Lignin content has been limited to about 30 wt%, often requiring chemical modification, solvent fractionation of lignin, or prohibitively expensive additives. Each of these factors is a deterrent to industrial adoption of lignin-based polymers, limiting the potential of this renewable resource. Herein we describe high-performance multiphase thermoplastics made with a blend of 41 wt% unmodified industrial lignin and low-cost additives in a matrix of general-purpose acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR). Hardwood soda lignin (HSL) and softwood Kraft lignin (SKL) were blended under high shear conditions with NBR, carbon black (CB), polyethylene oxide (PEO), boric acid (BA), and dicumyl peroxide (DCP). This combination with SKL lignin in the proper proportions resulted in a thermoplastic with a tensile strength and failure strain of 25.2 MPa and 9%, respectively; it exhibited an unexpected tensile yield, similar to that of ABS, a commodity thermoplastic. The analogous HSL lignin compositions are tough materials with tensile strengths of 7.3-16.7 MPa and failure strain of 80-140%. The contrasting ductility and yield stress behavior were analyzed based on the compositions' morphology and interfacial structure arising from the chemical nature of each lignin studied. The roles of CB as a reinforcement in the rubbery phase, DCP and BA as cross-linkers to create multiphase networks, and PEO to promote the adhesion and compatibility of lignin in commercial-grade NBR are also discussed in detail. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Bova, Tony AU - Tran, Chau D AU - Balakshin, Mikhail Y AU - Chen, Jihua AU - Capanema, Ewellyn A AU - Naskar, Amit K AD - Carbon and Composites Group; Materials Science and Technology Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Oak Ridge; TN 37831; USA; +1-865-574-8257; +1-865-576-0309 Y1 - 2016/10// PY - 2016 DA - October 2016 SP - 5423 EP - 5437 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 20 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Black carbon KW - Solvents KW - Softwoods KW - Stress KW - Adhesion KW - Hardwoods KW - Renewable resources KW - Fractionation KW - Green development KW - Morphology KW - Polymers KW - Additives KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1837324645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=An+approach+towards+tailoring+interfacial+structures+and+properties+of+multiphase+renewable+thermoplastics+from+lignin-nitrile+rubber&rft.au=Bova%2C+Tony%3BTran%2C+Chau+D%3BBalakshin%2C+Mikhail+Y%3BChen%2C+Jihua%3BCapanema%2C+Ewellyn+A%3BNaskar%2C+Amit+K&rft.aulast=Bova&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=5423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6gc01067a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Renewable resources; Black carbon; Fractionation; Morphology; Green development; Softwoods; Solvents; Stress; Polymers; Hardwoods; Adhesion; Additives DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc01067a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human-induced greening of the northern extratropical land surface AN - 1837300637; PQ0003768845 AB - Significant land greening in the northern extratropical latitudes (NEL) has been documented through satellite observations during the past three decades. This enhanced vegetation growth has broad implications for surface energy, water and carbon budgets, and ecosystem services across multiple scales. Discernible human impacts on the Earth's climate system have been revealed by using statistical frameworks of detection-attribution. These impacts, however, were not previously identified on the NEL greening signal, owing to the lack of long-term observational records, possible bias of satellite data, different algorithms used to calculate vegetation greenness, and the lack of suitable simulations from coupled Earth system models (ESMs). Here we have overcome these challenges to attribute recent changes in NEL vegetation activity. We used two 30-year-long remote-sensing-based leaf area index (LAI) data sets, simulations from 19 coupled ESMs with interactive vegetation, and a formal detection and attribution algorithm. Our findings reveal that the observed greening record is consistent with an assumption of anthropogenic forcings, where greenhouse gases play a dominant role, but is not consistent with simulations that include only natural forcings and internal climate variability. These results provide the first clear evidence of a discernible human fingerprint on physiological vegetation changes other than phenology and range shifts. JF - Nature Climate Change AU - Mao, Jiafu AU - Ribes, Aurelien AU - Yan, Binyan AU - Shi, Xiaoying AU - Thornton, Peter E AU - Seferian, Roland AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Myneni, Ranga B AU - Douville, Herve AU - Piao, Shilong AU - Zhu, Zaichun AU - Dickinson, Robert E AU - Dai, Yongjiu AU - Ricciuto, Daniel M AU - Jin, Mingzhou AU - Hoffman, Forrest M AU - Wang, Bin AU - Huang, Mengtian AU - Lian, Xu AD - Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6301, USA Y1 - 2016/10// PY - 2016 DA - October 2016 SP - 959 EP - 963 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW United Kingdom VL - 6 IS - 10 SN - 1758-678X, 1758-678X KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Surface water KW - Climate change KW - Remote sensing KW - Algorithms KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Climate and vegetation KW - Growth KW - Carbon KW - Climatic variability KW - Phenology KW - Latitude KW - Biological surveys KW - Climate KW - Leaves KW - Simulation KW - Vegetation KW - Greenhouse effect KW - Satellites KW - Satellite data KW - Vegetation changes KW - Numerical simulations KW - Energy KW - Green development KW - Human factors KW - Greenhouse gases KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1837300637?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Climate+Change&rft.atitle=Human-induced+greening+of+the+northern+extratropical+land+surface&rft.au=Mao%2C+Jiafu%3BRibes%2C+Aurelien%3BYan%2C+Binyan%3BShi%2C+Xiaoying%3BThornton%2C+Peter+E%3BSeferian%2C+Roland%3BCiais%2C+Philippe%3BMyneni%2C+Ranga+B%3BDouville%2C+Herve%3BPiao%2C+Shilong%3BZhu%2C+Zaichun%3BDickinson%2C+Robert+E%3BDai%2C+Yongjiu%3BRicciuto%2C+Daniel+M%3BJin%2C+Mingzhou%3BHoffman%2C+Forrest+M%3BWang%2C+Bin%3BHuang%2C+Mengtian%3BLian%2C+Xu&rft.aulast=Mao&rft.aufirst=Jiafu&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=959&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Climate+Change&rft.issn=1758678X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnclimate3056 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological surveys; Growth; Carbon; Phenology; Climate change; Climate; Anthropogenic factors; Leaves; Greenhouse effect; Climate and vegetation; Satellite data; Climatic variability; Numerical simulations; Algorithms; Greenhouse gases; Surface water; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Simulation; Satellites; Vegetation changes; Energy; Green development; Latitude; Human factors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3056 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A thioacidolysis method tailored for higher-throughput quantitative analysis of lignin monomers AN - 1827912812; PQ0003725967 AB - Thioacidolysis is a method used to measure the relative content of lignin monomers bound by beta -O-4 linkages. Current thioacidolysis methods are low-throughput as they require tedious steps for reaction product concentration prior to analysis using standard GC methods. A quantitative thioacidolysis method that is accessible with general laboratory equipment and uses a non-chlorinated organic solvent and is tailored for higher-throughput analysis is reported. The method utilizes lignin arylglycerol monomer standards for calibration, requires 1-2 mg of biomass per assay and has been quantified using fast-GC techniques including a Low Thermal Mass Modular Accelerated Column Heater (LTM MACH). Cumbersome steps, including standard purification, sample concentrating and drying have been eliminated to help aid in consecutive day-to-day analyses needed to sustain a high sample throughput for large screening experiments without the loss of quantitation accuracy. The method reported in this manuscript has been quantitatively validated against a commonly used thioacidolysis method and across two different research sites with three common biomass varieties to represent hardwoods, softwoods, and grasses. Thioacidolysis converts arylglycerol lignin monomers, particularly those bound by beta -O-4 linkages, to corresponding thioethyl monomers. A high-throughput and quantitative thioacidolysis method was developed and validated across laboratories and compared to the results of other thioacidolysis methods. The high-throughput method uses aryglycerol standards for quantitation, does not require product concentration steps and can utilize rapid GC methods for analysis. JF - Biotechnology Journal AU - Harman-Ware, Anne E AU - Foster, Cliff AU - Happs, Renee M AU - Doeppke, Crissa AU - Meunier, Kristoffer AU - Gehan, Jackson AU - Yue, Fengxia AU - Lu, Fachuang AU - Davis, Mark F AD - Bioenergy Science Center, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2016/10// PY - 2016 DA - October 2016 SP - 1268 EP - 1273 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 11 IS - 10 SN - 1860-6768, 1860-6768 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Monomers KW - Long term memory KW - Grasses KW - Lignin KW - Solvents KW - Softwoods KW - Drying KW - Purification KW - Biomass KW - Quantitation KW - Hardwoods KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1827912812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Journal&rft.atitle=A+thioacidolysis+method+tailored+for+higher-throughput+quantitative+analysis+of+lignin+monomers&rft.au=Harman-Ware%2C+Anne+E%3BFoster%2C+Cliff%3BHapps%2C+Renee+M%3BDoeppke%2C+Crissa%3BMeunier%2C+Kristoffer%3BGehan%2C+Jackson%3BYue%2C+Fengxia%3BLu%2C+Fachuang%3BDavis%2C+Mark+F&rft.aulast=Harman-Ware&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Journal&rft.issn=18606768&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbiot.201600266 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monomers; Grasses; Long term memory; Lignin; Softwoods; Solvents; Drying; Purification; Biomass; Hardwoods; Quantitation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biot.201600266 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Knockdown of a laccase in Populus deltoides confers altered cell wall chemistry and increased sugar release AN - 1827911584; PQ0003653548 AB - Plant laccases are thought to function in the oxidation of monolignols which leads to higher order lignin formation. Only a hand-full of laccases in plants have been functionally evaluated, and as such little is known about the breadth of their impact on cell wall chemistry or structure. Here, we describe a previously uncharacterized laccase from Populus, encoded by locus Potri.008G064000, whose reduced expression resulted in transgenic Populus trees with changes in syringyl/guaiacyl ratios as well as altered sugar release phenotypes. These phenotypes are consistent with plant biomass exhibiting reduced recalcitrance. Interestingly, the transgene effect on recalcitrance is dependent on a mild pretreatment prior to chemical extraction of sugars. Metabolite profiling suggests the transgene modulates phenolics that are associated with the cell wall structure. We propose that this particular laccase has a range of functions related to oxidation of phenolics and conjugation of flavonoids that interact with lignin in the cell wall. JF - Plant Biotechnology Journal AU - Bryan, Anthony C AU - Jawdy, Sara AU - Gunter, Lee AU - Gjersing, Erica AU - Sykes, Robert AU - Hinchee, Maud AW AU - Winkeler, Kimberly A AU - Collins, Cassandra M AU - Engle, Nancy AU - Tschaplinski, Timothy J AU - Yang, Xiaohan AU - Tuskan, Gerald A AU - Muchero, Wellington AU - Chen, Jin-Gui AD - BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Y1 - 2016/10// PY - 2016 DA - October 2016 SP - 2010 EP - 2020 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 14 IS - 10 SN - 1467-7644, 1467-7644 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Flavonoids KW - Populus KW - Trees KW - Transgenes KW - Metabolites KW - Biomass KW - Laccase KW - Oxidation KW - Lignin KW - Populus deltoides KW - phenolic compounds KW - Chemical extraction KW - Cell walls KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1827911584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Plant+Biotechnology+Journal&rft.atitle=Knockdown+of+a+laccase+in+Populus+deltoides+confers+altered+cell+wall+chemistry+and+increased+sugar+release&rft.au=Bryan%2C+Anthony+C%3BJawdy%2C+Sara%3BGunter%2C+Lee%3BGjersing%2C+Erica%3BSykes%2C+Robert%3BHinchee%2C+Maud+AW%3BWinkeler%2C+Kimberly+A%3BCollins%2C+Cassandra+M%3BEngle%2C+Nancy%3BTschaplinski%2C+Timothy+J%3BYang%2C+Xiaohan%3BTuskan%2C+Gerald+A%3BMuchero%2C+Wellington%3BChen%2C+Jin-Gui&rft.aulast=Bryan&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2010&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Plant+Biotechnology+Journal&rft.issn=14677644&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fpbi.12560 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Flavonoids; Laccase; Trees; Lignin; Oxidation; Transgenes; phenolic compounds; Metabolites; Biomass; Chemical extraction; Cell walls; Populus; Populus deltoides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12560 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and Validation of Broad-Range Qualitative and Clade-Specific Quantitative Molecular Probes for Assessing Mercury Methylation in the Environment. AN - 1820595992; 27422835 AB - Two genes, hgcA and hgcB, are essential for microbial mercury (Hg) methylation. Detection and estimation of their abundance, in conjunction with Hg concentration, bioavailability, and biogeochemistry, are critical in determining potential hot spots of methylmercury (MeHg) generation in at-risk environments. We developed broad-range degenerate PCR primers spanning known hgcAB genes to determine the presence of both genes in diverse environments. These primers were tested against an extensive set of pure cultures with published genomes, including 13 Deltaproteobacteria, nine Firmicutes, and nine methanogenic Archaea genomes. A distinct PCR product at the expected size was confirmed for all hgcAB(+) strains tested via Sanger sequencing. Additionally, we developed clade-specific degenerate quantitative PCR (qPCR) primers that targeted hgcA for each of the three dominant Hg-methylating clades. The clade-specific qPCR primers amplified hgcA from 64%, 88%, and 86% of tested pure cultures of Deltaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Archaea, respectively, and were highly specific for each clade. Amplification efficiencies and detection limits were quantified for each organism. Primer sensitivity varied among species based on sequence conservation. Finally, to begin to evaluate the utility of our primer sets in nature, we tested hgcA and hgcAB recovery from pure cultures spiked into sand and soil. These novel quantitative molecular tools designed in this study will allow for more accurate identification and quantification of the individual Hg-methylating groups of microorganisms in the environment. The resulting data will be essential in developing accurate and robust predictive models of Hg methylation potential, ideally integrating the geochemistry of Hg methylation to the microbiology and genetics of hgcAB IMPORTANCE: The neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg) poses a serious risk to human health. MeHg production in nature is associated with anaerobic microorganisms. The recent discovery of the Hg-methylating gene pair, hgcA and hgcB, has allowed us to design and optimize molecular probes against these genes within the genomic DNA for microorganisms known to methylate Hg. The protocols designed in this study allow for both qualitative and quantitative assessments of pure-culture or environmental samples. With these protocols in hand, we can begin to study the distribution of Hg-methylating organisms in nature via a cultivation-independent strategy. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Christensen, Geoff A AU - Wymore, Ann M AU - King, Andrew J AU - Podar, Mircea AU - Hurt, Richard A AU - Santillan, Eugenio U AU - Soren, Ally AU - Brandt, Craig C AU - Brown, Steven D AU - Palumbo, Anthony V AU - Wall, Judy D AU - Gilmour, Cynthia C AU - Elias, Dwayne A AD - Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. ; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA. ; University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA. ; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA eliasda@ornl.gov. Y1 - 2016/10/01/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Oct 01 SP - 6068 EP - 6078 VL - 82 IS - 19 KW - Index Medicus UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1820595992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Development+and+Validation+of+Broad-Range+Qualitative+and+Clade-Specific+Quantitative+Molecular+Probes+for+Assessing+Mercury+Methylation+in+the+Environment.&rft.au=Christensen%2C+Geoff+A%3BWymore%2C+Ann+M%3BKing%2C+Andrew+J%3BPodar%2C+Mircea%3BHurt%2C+Richard+A%3BSantillan%2C+Eugenio+U%3BSoren%2C+Ally%3BBrandt%2C+Craig+C%3BBrown%2C+Steven+D%3BPalumbo%2C+Anthony+V%3BWall%2C+Judy+D%3BGilmour%2C+Cynthia+C%3BElias%2C+Dwayne+A&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=6068&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=1098-5336&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.01271-16 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01271-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced Dynamics of Hydrated tRNA on Nanodiamond Surfaces: A Combined Neutron Scattering and MD Simulation Study. AN - 1859727419; 27584158 AB - Nontoxic, biocompatible nanodiamonds (ND) have recently been implemented in rational, systematic design of optimal therapeutic use in nanomedicines. However, hydrophilicity of the ND surface strongly influences structure and dynamics of biomolecules that restrict in situ applications of ND. Therefore, fundamental understanding of the impact of hydrophilic ND surface on biomolecules at the molecular level is essential. For tRNA, we observe an enhancement of dynamical behavior in the presence of ND contrary to generally observed slow motion at strongly interacting interfaces. We took advantage of neutron scattering experiments and computer simulations to demonstrate this atypical faster dynamics of tRNA on ND surface. The strong attractive interactions between ND, tRNA, and water give rise to unlike dynamical behavior and structural changes of tRNA in front of ND compared to without ND. Our new findings may provide new design principles for safer, improved drug delivery platforms. JF - The journal of physical chemistry. B AU - Dhindsa, Gurpreet K AU - Bhowmik, Debsindhu AU - Goswami, Monojoy AU - O'Neill, Hugh AU - Mamontov, Eugene AU - Sumpter, Bobby G AU - Hong, Liang AU - Ganesh, Panchapakesan AU - Chu, Xiang-Qiang AD - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States. ; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. ; Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. ; Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. ; Institute of Natural Science & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China. Y1 - 2016/09/14/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Sep 14 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859727419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journal+of+physical+chemistry.+B&rft.atitle=Enhanced+Dynamics+of+Hydrated+tRNA+on+Nanodiamond+Surfaces%3A+A+Combined+Neutron+Scattering+and+MD+Simulation+Study.&rft.au=Dhindsa%2C+Gurpreet+K%3BBhowmik%2C+Debsindhu%3BGoswami%2C+Monojoy%3BO%27Neill%2C+Hugh%3BMamontov%2C+Eugene%3BSumpter%2C+Bobby+G%3BHong%2C+Liang%3BGanesh%2C+Panchapakesan%3BChu%2C+Xiang-Qiang&rft.aulast=Dhindsa&rft.aufirst=Gurpreet&rft.date=2016-09-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journal+of+physical+chemistry.+B&rft.issn=1520-5207&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The dynamic nature of crystal growth in pores. AN - 1819121267; 27615371 AB - The kinetics of crystal growth in porous media controls a variety of natural processes such as ore genesis and crystallization induced fracturing that can trigger earthquakes and weathering, as well as, sequestration of CO2 and toxic metals into geological formations. Progress on understanding those processes has been limited by experimental difficulties of dynamically studying the reactive surface area and permeability during pore occlusion. Here, we show that these variables cause a time-dependency of barite growth rates in microporous silica. The rate is approximately constant and similar to that observed on free surfaces if fast flow velocities predominate and if the time-dependent reactive surface area is accounted for. As the narrower flow paths clog, local flow velocities decrease, which causes the progressive slowing of growth rates. We conclude that mineral growth in a microporous media can be estimated based on free surface studies when a) the growth rate is normalized to the time-dependent surface area of the growing crystals, and b) the local flow velocities are above the limit at which growth is transport-limited. Accounting for the dynamic relation between microstructure, flow velocity and growth rate is shown to be crucial towards understanding and predicting precipitation in porous rocks. JF - Scientific reports AU - Godinho, Jose R A AU - Gerke, Kirill M AU - Stack, Andrew G AU - Lee, Peter D AD - School of Materials, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK. ; The University of Melbourne, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. ; Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, MS-6110, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Y1 - 2016/09/12/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Sep 12 SP - 33086 VL - 6 KW - Index Medicus UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1819121267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.atitle=The+dynamic+nature+of+crystal+growth+in+pores.&rft.au=Godinho%2C+Jose+R+A%3BGerke%2C+Kirill+M%3BStack%2C+Andrew+G%3BLee%2C+Peter+D&rft.aulast=Godinho&rft.aufirst=Jose+R&rft.date=2016-09-12&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=33086&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scientific+reports&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsrep33086 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep33086 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous denoising and reconstruction of 5-D seismic data via damped rank-reduction method AN - 1849307800; 2016-110766 AB - The Cadzow rank-reduction method can be effectively utilized in simultaneously denoising and reconstructing 5-D seismic data that depend on four spatial dimensions. The classic version of Cadzow rank-reduction method arranges the 4-D spatial data into a level-four block Hankel/Toeplitz matrix and then applies truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) for rank reduction. When the observed data are extremely noisy, which is often the feature of real seismic data, traditional TSVD cannot be adequate for attenuating the noise and reconstructing the signals. The reconstructed data tend to contain a significant amount of residual noise using the traditional TSVD method, which can be explained by the fact that the reconstructed data space is a mixture of both signal subspace and noise subspace. In order to better decompose the block Hankel matrix into signal and noise components, we introduced a damping operator into the traditional TSVD formula, which we call the damped rank-reduction method. The damped rank-reduction method can obtain a perfect reconstruction performance even when the observed data have extremely low signal-to-noise ratio. The feasibility of the improved 5-D seismic data reconstruction method was validated via both 5-D synthetic and field data examples. We presented comprehensive analysis of the data examples and obtained valuable experience and guidelines in better utilizing the proposed method in practice. Since the proposed method is convenient to implement and can achieve immediate improvement, we suggest its wide application in the industry. JF - Geophysical Journal International AU - Chen, Yangkang AU - Zhang, Dong AU - Jin, Zhaoyu AU - Chen, Xiaohong AU - Zu, Shaohuan AU - Huang, Weilin AU - Gan, Shuwei Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 1695 EP - 1717 PB - Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society VL - 206 IS - 3 SN - 0956-540X, 0956-540X KW - singular value decomposition KW - rank-reduction method KW - time series analysis KW - iterative methods KW - statistical analysis KW - geophysical methods KW - data processing KW - inverse problem KW - interpolation KW - five-dimensional models KW - seismic methods KW - noise KW - attenuation KW - errors KW - Fourier analysis KW - mathematical methods KW - signal-to-noise ratio KW - reconstruction KW - algorithms KW - image analysis KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1849307800?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+denoising+and+reconstruction+of+5-D+seismic+data+via+damped+rank-reduction+method&rft.au=Chen%2C+Yangkang%3BZhang%2C+Dong%3BJin%2C+Zhaoyu%3BChen%2C+Xiaohong%3BZu%2C+Shaohuan%3BHuang%2C+Weilin%3BGan%2C+Shuwei&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Yangkang&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.issn=0956540X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fgji%2Fggw230 L2 - http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0956-540X LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; attenuation; data processing; errors; five-dimensional models; Fourier analysis; geophysical methods; image analysis; interpolation; inverse problem; iterative methods; mathematical methods; noise; rank-reduction method; reconstruction; seismic methods; signal-to-noise ratio; singular value decomposition; statistical analysis; time series analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw230 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conjunctive management of surface and ground water resources under projected future climate change scenarios AN - 1832729555; 2016-090282 AB - This study introduces a mixed integer linear fractional programming (MILFP) method to optimize conjunctive use of future surface water and groundwater resources under projected climate change scenarios. The conjunctive management model maximizes the ratio of groundwater usage to reservoir water usage. Future inflows to the reservoirs were estimated from the future runoffs projected through hydroclimate modeling considering the Variable Infiltration Capacity model, and 11 sets of downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 global climate model projections. Bayesian model averaging was adopted to quantify uncertainty in future runoff projections and reservoir inflow projections due to uncertain future climate projections. Optimized conjunctive management solutions were investigated for a water supply network in northern Louisiana which includes the Sparta aquifer. Runoff projections under climate change scenarios indicate that runoff will likely decrease in winter and increase in other seasons. Results from the developed conjunctive management model with MILFP indicate that the future reservoir water, even at 2.5% low inflow cumulative probability level, could counterbalance groundwater pumping reduction to satisfy demands while improving the Sparta aquifer through conditional groundwater head constraints. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Mani, Amir AU - Tsai, Frank T C AU - Kao, Shih-Chieh AU - Naz, Bibi S AU - Ashfaq, Moetasim AU - Rastogi, Deeksha Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 397 EP - 411 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 540 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - United States KW - CMIP5 models KW - Bayesian analysis KW - rivers and streams KW - data processing KW - water management KW - simulation KW - El Dorado Arkansas KW - Caddo Parish Louisiana KW - environmental effects KW - climate change KW - ground water KW - Sparta Aquifer KW - drainage basins KW - Shreveport Louisiana KW - Louisiana KW - uncertainty KW - climate KW - water supply KW - reservoirs KW - surface water KW - statistical analysis KW - optimization KW - water balance KW - aquifers KW - variable infiltration capacity model KW - models KW - northern Louisiana KW - MILFP model KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - mathematical methods KW - water resources KW - Arkansas KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832729555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Conjunctive+management+of+surface+and+ground+water+resources+under+projected+future+climate+change+scenarios&rft.au=Mani%2C+Amir%3BTsai%2C+Frank+T+C%3BKao%2C+Shih-Chieh%3BNaz%2C+Bibi+S%3BAshfaq%2C+Moetasim%3BRastogi%2C+Deeksha&rft.aulast=Mani&rft.aufirst=Amir&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=540&rft.issue=&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2016.06.021 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 71 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-27 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; Arkansas; Bayesian analysis; Caddo Parish Louisiana; climate; climate change; CMIP5 models; data processing; drainage basins; El Dorado Arkansas; environmental effects; ground water; infiltration; Louisiana; mathematical methods; MILFP model; models; northern Louisiana; optimization; reservoirs; rivers and streams; runoff; Shreveport Louisiana; simulation; Sparta Aquifer; statistical analysis; surface water; uncertainty; United States; variable infiltration capacity model; water balance; water management; water resources; water supply DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-resolution ensemble projections of near-term regional climate over the continental United States AN - 1827932807; PQ0003704559 AB - We present high-resolution near-term ensemble projections of hydroclimatic changes over the contiguous U.S. using a regional climate model (RegCM4) that dynamically downscales 11 global climate models from the fifth phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project at 18km horizontal grid spacing. All model integrations span 41years in the historical period (1965-2005) and 41years in the near-term future period (2010-2050) under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 and cover a domain that includes the contiguous U.S. and parts of Canada and Mexico. Should emissions continue to rise, surface temperatures in every region within the U.S. will reach a new climate norm well before mid 21st century regardless of the magnitudes of regional warming. Significant warming will likely intensify the regional hydrological cycle through the acceleration of the historical trends in cold, warm, and wet extremes. The future temperature response will be partly regulated by changes in snow hydrology over the regions that historically receive a major portion of cold season precipitation in the form of snow. Our results indicate the existence of the Clausius-Clapeyron scaling at regional scales where per degree centigrade rise in surface temperature will lead to a 7.4% increase in precipitation from extremes. More importantly, both winter (snow) and summer (liquid) extremes are projected to increase across the U.S. These changes in precipitation characteristics will be driven by a shift toward shorter and wetter seasons. Overall, projected changes in the regional hydroclimate can have substantial impacts on the natural and human systems across the U.S. Key Points * Surface T in every region will reach a new climate norm well before mid 21st century regardless of the magnitudes of regional warming * Clausius-Clapeyron scaling exists at regional scales where per degree C rise in surface T will lead to a 7.4% increase in P from extremes * Both winter (snow) and summer (liquid) extremes are projected to increase across the U.S. JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres AU - Ashfaq, Moetasim AU - Rastogi, Deeksha AU - Mei, Rui AU - Kao, Shih-Chieh AU - Gangrade, Sudershan AU - Naz, Bibi S AU - Touma, Danielle AD - Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 9943 EP - 9963 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United States VL - 121 IS - 17 SN - 2169-897X, 2169-897X KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Surface temperatures KW - Regional climates KW - Lead isotopes in snow KW - Hydroclimate KW - Hydrology KW - Seasonal variability KW - Regional climate models KW - Modelling KW - Atmospheric precipitations KW - Temperature effects KW - Climate models KW - Hydrologic analysis KW - Snow KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Temperature KW - Precipitation KW - Extreme values KW - Hydrologic cycle KW - Surface temperature KW - Future temperatures KW - Global climate KW - USA KW - Winter snow KW - Mexico KW - Snow hydrology KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09244:Air-sea coupling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1827932807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%3A+Atmospheres&rft.atitle=High-resolution+ensemble+projections+of+near-term+regional+climate+over+the+continental+United+States&rft.au=Ashfaq%2C+Moetasim%3BRastogi%2C+Deeksha%3BMei%2C+Rui%3BKao%2C+Shih-Chieh%3BGangrade%2C+Sudershan%3BNaz%2C+Bibi+S%3BTouma%2C+Danielle&rft.aulast=Ashfaq&rft.aufirst=Moetasim&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=9943&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%3A+Atmospheres&rft.issn=2169897X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2016JD025285 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Atmospheric precipitations; Snow; Hydroclimate; Climate; Extreme values; Hydrologic cycle; Surface temperature; Modelling; Future temperatures; Global climate; Surface temperatures; Winter snow; Hydrologic analysis; Climate models; Snow hydrology; Lead isotopes in snow; Regional climate models; Regional climates; Seasonal variability; Precipitation; Climates; Temperature; Hydrology; USA; Mexico DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025285 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intermediate-scale community-level flux of CO sub(2) and CH sub(4) in a Minnesota peatland: putting the SPRUCE project in a global context AN - 1827910072; PQ0003688852 AB - Peatland measurements of CO sub(2) and CH sub(4) flux were obtained at scales appropriate to the in situ biological community below the tree layer to demonstrate representativeness of the spruce and peatland responses under climatic and environmental change (SPRUCE) experiment. Surface flux measurements were made using dual open-path analyzers over an area of 1.13 m super(2) in daylight and dark conditions along with associated peat temperatures, water table height, hummock moisture, atmospheric pressure and incident radiation data. Observations from August 2011 through December 2014 demonstrated seasonal trends correlated with temperature as the dominant apparent driving variable. The S1-Bog for the SPRUCE study was found to be representative of temperate peatlands in terms of CO sub(2) and CH sub(4) flux. Maximum net CO sub(2) flux in midsummer showed similar rates of C uptake and loss: daytime surface uptake was -5 to -6 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1) and dark period loss rates were 4-5 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1) (positive values are carbon lost to the atmosphere). Maximum midsummer CH sub(4)-C flux ranged from 0.4 to 0.5 mu mol m super(-2) s super(-1) and was a factor of 10 lower than dark CO sub(2)-C efflux rates. Midwinter conditions produced near-zero flux for both CO sub(2) and CH sub(4) with frozen surfaces. Integrating temperature-dependent models across annual periods showed dark CO sub(2)-C and CH sub(4)-C flux to be 894 plus or minus 34 and 16 plus or minus 2 gC m super(- 2) y super(-1), respectively. Net ecosystem exchange of carbon from the shrub-forb-Sphagnum-microbial community (excluding tree contributions) ranged from -3.1 gCO sub(2)-C m super(-2) y super(- 1) in 2013, to C losses from 21 to 65 gCO sub(2)-C m super(-2) y super(-1) for the other years. JF - Biogeochemistry AU - Hanson, P J AU - Gill, AL AU - Xu, X AU - Phillips, J R AU - Weston, D J AU - Kolka, R K AU - Riggs, J S AU - Hook, LA AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6301, USA, hansonpj@ornl.gov Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 255 EP - 272 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 129 IS - 3 SN - 0168-2563, 0168-2563 KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Trees KW - Daytime KW - Radiation KW - Absorption KW - Seasonal variations KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Carbon cycle KW - Environmental impact KW - Water temperature KW - Environmental changes KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - Peatlands KW - Water table KW - Atmosphere KW - Models KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Carbon KW - Temperature effects KW - Methane KW - Data processing KW - Climate KW - Temperature KW - Atmospheric Pressure KW - USA, Minnesota KW - Peat KW - Atmospheric pressure KW - Fluctuations KW - Q2 09262:Methods and instruments KW - SW 0810:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1827910072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeochemistry&rft.atitle=Intermediate-scale+community-level+flux+of+CO+sub%282%29+and+CH+sub%284%29+in+a+Minnesota+peatland%3A+putting+the+SPRUCE+project+in+a+global+context&rft.au=Hanson%2C+P+J%3BGill%2C+AL%3BXu%2C+X%3BPhillips%2C+J+R%3BWeston%2C+D+J%3BKolka%2C+R+K%3BRiggs%2C+J+S%3BHook%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeochemistry&rft.issn=01682563&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10533-016-0230-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 66 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Carbon; Radiation; Biogeochemistry; Climate; Environmental impact; Carbon cycle; Carbon dioxide; Peat; Peatlands; Data processing; Trees; Water table; Water temperature; Atmosphere; Models; Daytime; Environmental changes; Atmospheric pressure; Methane; Temperature; Sulfur dioxide; Seasonal variations; Absorption; Atmospheric Pressure; Fluctuations; Carbon Dioxide; USA, Minnesota DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-016-0230-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enrichment of Root Endophytic Bacteria from Populus deltoides and Single-Cell-Genomics Analysis AN - 1827909220; PQ0003647380 AB - Bacterial endophytes that colonize Populus trees contribute to nutrient acquisition, prime immunity responses, and directly or indirectly increase both above- and below-ground biomasses. Endophytes are embedded within plant material, so physical separation and isolation are difficult tasks. Application of culture-independent methods, such as metagenome or bacterial transcriptome sequencing, has been limited due to the predominance of DNA from the plant biomass. Here, we describe a modified differential and density gradient centrifugation-based protocol for the separation of endophytic bacteria from Populus roots. This protocol achieved substantial reduction in contaminating plant DNA, allowed enrichment of endophytic bacteria away from the plant material, and enabled single-cell genomics analysis. Four single-cell genomes were selected for whole-genome amplification based on their rarity in the microbiome (potentially uncultured taxa) as well as their inferred abilities to form associations with plants. Bioinformatics analyses, including assembly, contamination removal, and completeness estimation, were performed to obtain single-amplified genomes (SAGs) of organisms from the phyla Armatimonadetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes, which were unrepresented in our previous cultivation efforts. Comparative genomic analysis revealed unique characteristics of each SAG that could facilitate future cultivation efforts for these bacteria. IMPORTANCE Plant roots harbor a diverse collection of microbes that live within host tissues. To gain a comprehensive understanding of microbial adaptations to this endophytic lifestyle from strains that cannot be cultivated, it is necessary to separate bacterial cells from the predominance of plant tissue. This study provides a valuable approach for the separation and isolation of endophytic bacteria from plant root tissue. Isolated live bacteria provide material for microbiome sequencing, single-cell genomics, and analyses of genomes of uncultured bacteria to provide genomics information that will facilitate future cultivation attempts. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Utturkar, Sagar M AU - Cude, W Nathan AU - Robeson, Michael S, Jr AU - Yang, Zamin K AU - Klingeman, Dawn M AU - Land, Miriam L AU - Allman, Steve L AU - Lu, Tse-Yuan S AU - Brown, Steven D AU - Schadt, Christopher W AD - << + $0, pelletierda@ornl.gov. Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 5698 EP - 5708 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 United States VL - 82 IS - 18 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Bacteria KW - Adaptations KW - Contamination KW - Populus KW - Endophytes KW - Nutrients KW - Immunity KW - Biomass KW - Host plants KW - Planctomycetes KW - Gene expression KW - DNA sequencing KW - Verrucomicrobia KW - Density gradients KW - Genomic analysis KW - DNA KW - Populus deltoides KW - Bioinformatics KW - A 01390:Forestry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1827909220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Enrichment+of+Root+Endophytic+Bacteria+from+Populus+deltoides+and+Single-Cell-Genomics+Analysis&rft.au=Utturkar%2C+Sagar+M%3BCude%2C+W+Nathan%3BRobeson%2C+Michael+S%2C+Jr%3BYang%2C+Zamin+K%3BKlingeman%2C+Dawn+M%3BLand%2C+Miriam+L%3BAllman%2C+Steve+L%3BLu%2C+Tse-Yuan+S%3BBrown%2C+Steven+D%3BSchadt%2C+Christopher+W&rft.aulast=Utturkar&rft.aufirst=Sagar&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=5698&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.01285-16 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 82 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adaptations; Contamination; Endophytes; Nutrients; Immunity; Biomass; Host plants; Gene expression; DNA sequencing; Density gradients; Genomic analysis; DNA; Bioinformatics; Planctomycetes; Bacteria; Verrucomicrobia; Populus; Populus deltoides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01285-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of US Hydropower Dams by their Modes of Operation AN - 1827907307; PQ0003650014 AB - A key challenge to understanding ecohydrologic responses to dam regulation is the absence of a universally transferable classification framework for how dams operate. In the present paper, we develop a classification system to organize the modes of operation (MOPs) for US hydropower dams and powerplants. To determine the full diversity of MOPs, we mined federal documents, open-access data repositories, and internet sources. We then used CART classification trees to predict MOPs based on physical characteristics, regulation, and project generation. Finally, we evaluated how much variation MOPs explained in sub-daily discharge patterns for stream gages downstream of hydropower dams. After reviewing information for 721 dams and 597 power plants, we developed a two-tier hierarchical classification based on (i) the storage and control of flows to powerplants, and (ii) the presence of a diversion around the natural stream bed. This resulted in nine tier-1 MOPs representing a continuum of operations from strictly peaking, to reregulating, to run-of-river, and two tier-2 MOPs, representing diversion and integral dam-powerhouse configurations. Although MOPs differed in physical characteristics and energy production, classification trees had low accuracies ( less than or equal to 62%), which suggested that accurate evaluations of MOPs may require individual attention. MOPs and dam storage explained 20% of the variation in downstream subdaily flow characteristics and showed consistent alterations in subdaily flow patterns from reference streams. This standardized classification scheme is important for future research including estimating reservoir operations for large-scale hydrologic models and evaluating project economics, environmental impacts, and mitigation. JF - River Research and Applications AU - McManamay, R A AU - Oigbokie, C O AU - Kao, S-C AU - Bevelhimer AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 1450 EP - 1468 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 32 IS - 7 SN - 1535-1459, 1535-1459 KW - Environment Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Classification systems KW - Reservoir KW - Trees KW - Hydroelectric Plants KW - Freshwater KW - Classification KW - Economics KW - Rivers KW - Hydroelectric power KW - Environmental impact KW - River discharge KW - Firing pattern KW - Storage KW - Stream KW - Standards KW - Environment management KW - Internet KW - Mitigation KW - Streams KW - Models KW - Powerplants KW - Dams KW - Power plants KW - Regulations KW - Downstream KW - Physical characteristics KW - Data processing KW - Energy KW - Diversion KW - Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - SW 6010:Structures KW - Q2 09105:Research programmes and expeditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1827907307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=River+Research+and+Applications&rft.atitle=Classification+of+US+Hydropower+Dams+by+their+Modes+of+Operation&rft.au=McManamay%2C+R+A%3BOigbokie%2C+C+O%3BKao%2C+S-C%3BBevelhimer&rft.aulast=McManamay&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1450&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=River+Research+and+Applications&rft.issn=15351459&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Frra.3004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Classification systems; Reservoir; Classification; Dams; Stream; Power plants; River discharge; Environmental impact; Environment management; Rivers; Physical characteristics; Data processing; Streams; Firing pattern; Models; Economics; Internet; Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein; Mitigation; Hydroelectric power; Storage; Energy; Downstream; Standards; Powerplants; Trees; Hydroelectric Plants; Regulations; Diversion; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large dielectric constant, high acceptor density, and deep electron traps in perovskite solar cell material CsGeI3 AN - 1827887230; PQ0003684488 AB - Many metal halides that contain cations with the ns2 electronic configuration have recently been discovered as high-performance optoelectronic materials. In particular, solar cells based on lead halide perovskites have shown great promise as evidenced by the rapid increase of the power conversion efficiency. In this paper, we show density functional theory calculations of electronic structure and dielectric and defect properties of CsGeI3 (a lead-free halide perovskite material). The potential of CsGeI3 as a solar cell material is assessed based on its intrinsic properties. We find anomalously large Born effective charges and a large static dielectric constant dominated by lattice polarization, which should reduce carrier scattering, trapping, and recombination by screening charged defects and impurities. Defect calculations show that CsGeI3 is a p-type semiconductor and its hole density can be modified by varying the chemical potentials of the constituent elements. Despite the reduction of long-range Coulomb attraction by strong screening, the iodine vacancy in CsGeI3 is found to be a deep electron trap due to the short-range potential, i.e., strong Ge-Ge covalent bonding, which should limit electron transport efficiency in p-type CsGeI3. This is in contrast to the shallow iodine vacancies found in several Pb and Sn halide perovskites (e.g., CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3SnI3, and CsSnI3). The low-hole-density CsGeI3 may be a useful solar absorber material but the presence of the low-energy deep iodine vacancy may significantly reduce the open circuit voltage of the solar cell. On the other hand, CsGeI3 may be used as an efficient hole transport material in solar cells due to its small hole effective mass, the absence of low-energy deep hole traps, and the favorable band offset with solar absorber materials such as dye molecules and CH3NH3PbI3. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Ming, Wenmei AU - Shi, Hongliang AU - Du, Mao-Hua AD - Materials Science & Technology Division and Center for Radiation Detection Materials and Systems; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge; TN 37831; USA Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 13852 EP - 13858 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 4 IS - 36 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Cations KW - Solar cells KW - Energy KW - Iodine KW - Polarization KW - Halides KW - Sustainability KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1827887230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Large+dielectric+constant%2C+high+acceptor+density%2C+and+deep+electron+traps+in+perovskite+solar+cell+material+CsGeI3&rft.au=Ming%2C+Wenmei%3BShi%2C+Hongliang%3BDu%2C+Mao-Hua&rft.aulast=Ming&rft.aufirst=Wenmei&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=36&rft.spage=13852&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ta04685a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 49 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-26 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Cations; Energy; Solar cells; Iodine; Polarization; Halides; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta04685a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pollutant emissions and environmental assessment of ethyl 3-ethoxybutyrate, a potential renewable fuel AN - 1827880858; PQ0003691038 AB - Renewable and bio-based transportation fuel sources can lower the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles. We present an initial assessment of ethyl 3-ethoxybutyrate (EEB) as a biofuel in terms of its performance as a fuel oxygenate and its persistence in the environment. EEB can be produced from ethanol and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, a bacterial storage polymer that can be produced from non-food biomass and other organic feedstocks. Physicochemical properties of EEB and fuel-relevant properties of EEB-gasoline blends were measured, emissions of criteria pollutants from EEB as a gasoline additive in a production vehicle were evaluated, and fate and persistence of EEB in the environment were estimated. EEB solubility in water was 25.8 g/L, its K sub(ow) was 1.8, and its Henry's Law constant was 1.04 10 super(-5) atm-m super(3)/mole. The anti-knock index values for 5 and 20 % v/v EEB-gasoline blends were 91.6 and 91.9, respectively. Reductions in fuel economy were consistent with the level of oxygenation, and criteria emissions were met by the vehicle operated over the urban dynamometer driving cycle (FTP 75). Predicted environmental persistence ranged from 15 to 30 days which indicates that EEB is not likely to be a persistent organic pollutant. In combination, these results suggest a high potential for the use of EEB as a renewable fuel source. JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research International AU - Storey, John ME AU - Bunce, Michael P AU - Clarke, Edwina M AU - Edmonds, Jennifer W AU - Findlay, Robert H AU - Ritchie, Stephen MC AU - Eyers, Laurent AU - McMurry, Zackery A AU - Smoot, James C AD - Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA, jc_smoot@yahoo.com Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 18575 EP - 18584 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 23 IS - 18 SN - 0944-1344, 0944-1344 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Gasoline KW - Fuels KW - Transportation KW - Pollutants KW - Emissions KW - Fuel economy KW - Ethanol KW - Solubility KW - Environmental assessment KW - Polyhydroxybutyric acid KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Oxygenation KW - Pollution research KW - Biomass KW - Water pollution KW - Greenhouses KW - Air pollution KW - Renewable energy KW - Polymers KW - Additives KW - Biofuels KW - D 04070:Pollution KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1827880858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+and+Pollution+Research+International&rft.atitle=Pollutant+emissions+and+environmental+assessment+of+ethyl+3-ethoxybutyrate%2C+a+potential+renewable+fuel&rft.au=Storey%2C+John+ME%3BBunce%2C+Michael+P%3BClarke%2C+Edwina+M%3BEdmonds%2C+Jennifer+W%3BFindlay%2C+Robert+H%3BRitchie%2C+Stephen+MC%3BEyers%2C+Laurent%3BMcMurry%2C+Zackery+A%3BSmoot%2C+James+C&rft.aulast=Storey&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=18575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+and+Pollution+Research+International&rft.issn=09441344&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11356-016-7052-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-26 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Solubility; Pollutants; Polyhydroxybutyric acid; Gasoline; Fuels; Physicochemical properties; Pollution research; Biomass; Biofuels; Ethanol; Greenhouses; Environmental assessment; Oxygenation; Water pollution; Air pollution; Transportation; Renewable energy; Emissions; Polymers; Additives; Fuel economy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7052-z ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Performance Characteristics of Bio-Inspired Metal Nanostructures as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattered (SERS) Substrates. AN - 1820597860; 27566257 AB - The fabrication of high-performance plasmonic nanomaterials for bio-sensing and trace chemical detection is a field of intense theoretical and experimental research. The use of metal-silicon nanopillar arrays as analytical sensors has been reported with reasonable results in recent years. The use of bio-inspired nanocomposite structures that follow the Fibonacci numerical architecture offers the opportunity to develop nanostructures with theoretically higher and more reproducible plasmonic fields over extended areas. The work presented here describes the nanofabrication process for a series of 40 µm × 40 µm bio-inspired arrays classified as asymmetric fractals (sunflower seeds and romanesco broccoli), bilaterally symmetric (acacia leaves and honeycombs), and radially symmetric (such as orchids and lily flowers) using electron beam lithography. In addition, analytical capabilities were evaluated using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The substrate characterization and SERS performance of the developed substrates as the strategies to assess the design performance are presented and discussed. JF - Applied spectroscopy AU - Areizaga-Martinez, Hector I AU - Kravchenko, Ivan AU - Lavrik, Nickolay V AU - Sepaniak, Michael J AU - Hernández-Rivera, Samuel P AU - De Jesús, Marco A AD - Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico. ; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico marco.dejesus@upr.edu. Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 1432 EP - 1445 VL - 70 IS - 9 KW - Index Medicus KW - lithography KW - surface-enhanced spectroscopy KW - Bio-inspired nanostructures KW - Fibonacci sequence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1820597860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+spectroscopy&rft.atitle=Performance+Characteristics+of+Bio-Inspired+Metal+Nanostructures+as+Surface-Enhanced+Raman+Scattered+%28SERS%29+Substrates.&rft.au=Areizaga-Martinez%2C+Hector+I%3BKravchenko%2C+Ivan%3BLavrik%2C+Nickolay+V%3BSepaniak%2C+Michael+J%3BHern%C3%A1ndez-Rivera%2C+Samuel+P%3BDe+Jes%C3%BAs%2C+Marco+A&rft.aulast=Areizaga-Martinez&rft.aufirst=Hector&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1432&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+spectroscopy&rft.issn=1943-3530&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0003702816662596 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702816662596 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manufacturing demonstration of microbially mediated zinc sulfide nanoparticles in pilot-plant scale reactors AN - 1815702019; PQ0003594240 AB - The thermophilic anaerobic metal-reducing bacterium Thermoanaerobacter sp. X513 efficiently produces zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles (NPs) in laboratory-scale ( less than or equal to 24-L) reactors. To determine whether this process can be up-scaled and adapted for pilot-plant production while maintaining NP yield and quality, a series of pilot-plant scale experiments were performed using 100-L and 900-L reactors. Pasteurization and N sub(2)-sparging replaced autoclaving and boiling for deoxygenating media in the transition from small-scale to pilot plant reactors. Consecutive 100-L batches using new or recycled media produced ZnS NPs with highly reproducible ~2-nm average crystallite size (ACS) and yields of ~0.5 g L super(-1), similar to the small-scale batches. The 900-L pilot plant reactor produced ~320 g ZnS without process optimization or replacement of used medium; this quantity would be sufficient to form a ZnS thin film with ~120 nm thickness over 0.5 m width 13 km length. At all scales, the bacteria produced significant amounts of acetic, lactic, and formic acids, which could be neutralized by the controlled addition of sodium hydroxide without the use of an organic pH buffer, eliminating 98 % of the buffer chemical costs. The final NP products were characterized using XRD, ICP-OES, TEM, FTIR, PL, DLS, HPLC, and C/N analyses, which confirmed that the growth medium without organic buffer enhanced the ZnS NP properties by reducing carbon and nitrogen surface coatings and supporting better dispersivity with similar ACS. JF - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Moon, Ji-Won AU - Phelps, Tommy J AU - Fitzgerald, Curtis L, Jr AU - Lind, Randall F AU - Elkins, James G AU - Jang, Gyoung Gug AU - Joshi, Pooran C AU - Kidder, Michelle AU - Armstrong, Beth L AU - Watkins, Thomas R AU - Ivanov, Ilia N AU - Graham, David E AD - Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA, moonj@ornl.gov Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 7921 EP - 7931 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 100 IS - 18 SN - 0175-7598, 0175-7598 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - zinc sulfide KW - Thermophilic bacteria KW - Thermoanaerobacter KW - Crystals KW - Pasteurization KW - Sodium hydroxide KW - Carbon KW - Formic acid KW - Boiling KW - Bioreactors KW - pH effects KW - nanoparticles KW - FliM protein KW - Coatings KW - Nitrogen KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1815702019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Manufacturing+demonstration+of+microbially+mediated+zinc+sulfide+nanoparticles+in+pilot-plant+scale+reactors&rft.au=Moon%2C+Ji-Won%3BPhelps%2C+Tommy+J%3BFitzgerald%2C+Curtis+L%2C+Jr%3BLind%2C+Randall+F%3BElkins%2C+James+G%3BJang%2C+Gyoung+Gug%3BJoshi%2C+Pooran+C%3BKidder%2C+Michelle%3BArmstrong%2C+Beth+L%3BWatkins%2C+Thomas+R%3BIvanov%2C+Ilia+N%3BGraham%2C+David+E&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=Ji-Won&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=7921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01757598&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00253-016-7556-y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - High-performance liquid chromatography; zinc sulfide; Thermophilic bacteria; Crystals; Pasteurization; Sodium hydroxide; Formic acid; Carbon; Boiling; Bioreactors; nanoparticles; pH effects; FliM protein; Nitrogen; Coatings; Thermoanaerobacter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7556-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural diversity of xylans in the cell walls of monocots AN - 1815697775; PQ0003592300 AB - Xylans in the cell walls of monocots are structurally diverse. Arabinofuranose-containing glucuronoxylans are characteristic of commelinids. However, other structural features are not correlated with the major transitions in monocot evolution. Most studies of xylan structure in monocot cell walls have emphasized members of the Poaceae (grasses). Thus, there is a paucity of information regarding xylan structure in other commelinid and in non-commelinid monocot walls. Here, we describe the major structural features of the xylans produced by plants selected from ten of the twelve monocot orders. Glucuronoxylans comparable to eudicot secondary wall glucuronoxylans are abundant in non-commelinid walls. However, the alpha -d-glucuronic acid/4-O-methyl- alpha -d-glucuronic acid is often substituted at O-2 by an alpha -l-arabinopyranose residue in Alismatales and Asparagales glucuronoxylans. Glucuronoarabinoxylans were the only xylans detected in the cell walls of five different members of the Poaceae family (grasses). By contrast, both glucuronoxylan and glucuronoarabinoxylan are formed by the Zingiberales and Commelinales (commelinids). At least one species of each monocot order, including the Poales, forms xylan with the reducing end sequence -4)- beta -d-Xylp-(1,3)- alpha -l-Rhap-(1,2)- alpha -d-GalpA-(1,4)-d- Xyl first identified in eudicot and gymnosperm glucuronoxylans. This sequence was not discernible in the arabinopyranose-containing glucuronoxylans of the Alismatales and Asparagales or the glucuronoarabinoxylans of the Poaceae. Rather, our data provide additional evidence that in Poaceae glucuronoarabinoxylan, the reducing end xylose residue is often substituted at O-2 with 4-O-methyl glucuronic acid or at O-3 with arabinofuranose. The variations in xylan structure and their implications for the evolution and biosynthesis of monocot cell walls are discussed. JF - Planta AU - Pena, Maria J AU - Kulkarni, Ameya R AU - Backe, Jason AU - Boyd, Michael AU - O'Neill, Malcolm A AU - York, William S AD - Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and US Department of Energy Bioenergy Science Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA, will@ccrc.uga.edu Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 589 EP - 606 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 244 IS - 3 SN - 0032-0935, 0032-0935 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Commelinales KW - Xylose KW - Data processing KW - Xylan KW - Grasses KW - Alismatales KW - Poaceae KW - Zingiberales KW - Gymnosperms KW - Evolution KW - Cell walls KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1815697775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Planta&rft.atitle=Structural+diversity+of+xylans+in+the+cell+walls+of+monocots&rft.au=Pena%2C+Maria+J%3BKulkarni%2C+Ameya+R%3BBacke%2C+Jason%3BBoyd%2C+Michael%3BO%27Neill%2C+Malcolm+A%3BYork%2C+William+S&rft.aulast=Pena&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=244&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Planta&rft.issn=00320935&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00425-016-2527-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Xylose; Grasses; Xylan; Gymnosperms; Evolution; Cell walls; Commelinales; Zingiberales; Poaceae; Alismatales DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-016-2527-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pb, Cu, and Zn distributions at humic acid-coated metal oxide surfaces AN - 1815667703; 2016-076503 AB - Mineral surfaces are often coated by natural organic matter (NOM), which has a major influence on metal-ion sorption and sequestration because of the abundance of binding sites in such coatings and the changes they cause in local nanoscale environments. The effects of NOM coatings on mineral surfaces are, however, still poorly understood at the molecular level due to the complexity of these systems. In this study, we have applied long-period X-ray standing wave-fluorescence yield (LP-XSW-FY) spectroscopy to measure the partitioning of naturally present Cu(II) (0.0226%), Zn(II) (0.009%), and Pb(II) ( approximately 0.0004%) between Elliott Soil Humic Acid (ESHA) coatings and three model single-crystal metal-oxide substrates: alpha -Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) (0 0 0 1), alpha -Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) (1 -1 0 2), and alpha -Fe (sub 2) O (sub 3) (0 0 0 1). The competitive sorption effects among these metal ions for binding sites in the ESHA coatings and on the metal-oxide surfaces were investigated as a function of reaction time, calcium content, and solution pH. Pb(II) ions present in the ESHA coatings were found to redistribute to reactive alpha -Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) (1 -1 0 2) and alpha -Fe (sub 2) O (sub 3) (0 0 0 1) surfaces after 3 h of reaction (pH = 6.0, [Ca(II)] = 2 mM). Pb(II) partitioning onto these reactive metal-oxide surfaces increased with increasing reaction time (up to 7 d). In addition, the partitioning of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from the ESHA coating to the alpha -Fe (sub 2) O (sub 3) (0 0 0 1) substrate increased slightly with reaction time (2.4% and 3.7% for Cu(II) and Zn(II), respectively, after 3 h and 6.4% and 7.7% for Cu(II) and Zn(II), respectively, after 72 h of reaction time). However, no changes in the partitioning of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto the alpha -Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) (1 -1 0 2) surface were observed with increasing reaction time, suggesting that these ions strongly complex with functional groups in the ESHA coatings. Similar results were obtained for Cu(II) and Zn(II) on the ESHA-coated alpha -Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) (1 -1 0 2) surfaces in samples without the addition of calcium. However, the amounts of Pb(II) mobilized from the ESHA coatings onto the alpha -Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) (1 -1 0 2) surfaces increased from 40% (no added Ca) to 58% (with 2 mM Ca) after 72 h of reaction time, possibly due to displacement of Pb(II) by Ca(II) from binding sites in the ESHA coatings. In contrast, Pb(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) present in the ESHA coatings were found to be unreactive with the alpha -Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) (0 0 0 1) surface. The observed reactivities of the three ESHA-coated metal-oxide surfaces with respect to metal-ion sorption are consistent with the trend observed for the uncoated metal-oxide surfaces: alpha -Fe (sub 2) O (sub 3) (0 0 0 1) > alpha -Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) (1 -1 0 2) > alpha -Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) (0 0 0 1). In addition, Pb(II) partitioning onto alpha -Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) (1 -1 0 2) surfaces increased with increasing pH from 4.0 to 9.0 as a result of the increasingly negative surface charge. These results show that intrinsic properties (nature of binding sites, binding affinities, and surface charge) of the ESHA coatings and metal-oxide surfaces, as well as external parameters such as pH and competing ions, are key factors governing the distribution and speciation of metal ions at complex NOM/mineral interfaces. JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Wang, Yingge AU - Michel, F Marc AU - Choi, Yongseong AU - Eng, Peter J AU - Levard, Clement AU - Siebner, Hagar AU - Gu, Baohua AU - Bargar, John R AU - Brown, Gordon E, Jr Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 407 EP - 423 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 188 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - zinc KW - copper KW - mass spectra KW - lead KW - humic acids KW - models KW - ICP mass spectra KW - partitioning KW - organic compounds KW - organic acids KW - humic substances KW - single-crystal method KW - chemical reactions KW - aluminum oxides KW - hematite KW - metals KW - X-ray fluorescence spectra KW - oxides KW - spectra KW - coatings KW - crystal chemistry KW - chemical composition KW - pH KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1815667703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Pb%2C+Cu%2C+and+Zn+distributions+at+humic+acid-coated+metal+oxide+surfaces&rft.au=Wang%2C+Yingge%3BMichel%2C+F+Marc%3BChoi%2C+Yongseong%3BEng%2C+Peter+J%3BLevard%2C+Clement%3BSiebner%2C+Hagar%3BGu%2C+Baohua%3BBargar%2C+John+R%3BBrown%2C+Gordon+E%2C+Jr&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Yingge&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.gca.2016.05.009 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 77 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-01 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aluminum oxides; chemical composition; chemical reactions; coatings; copper; crystal chemistry; hematite; humic acids; humic substances; ICP mass spectra; lead; mass spectra; metals; models; organic acids; organic compounds; oxides; partitioning; pH; single-crystal method; spectra; X-ray fluorescence spectra; zinc DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organizing Environmental Flow Frameworks to Meet Hydropower Mitigation Needs AN - 1811876010; PQ0003553635 AB - The global recognition of the importance of natural flow regimes to sustain the ecological integrity of river systems has led to increased societal pressure on the hydropower industry to change plant operations to improve downstream aquatic ecosystems. However, a complete reinstatement of natural flow regimes is often unrealistic when balancing water needs for ecosystems, energy production, and other human uses. Thus, stakeholders must identify a prioritized subset of flow prescriptions that meet ecological objectives in light of realistic constraints. Yet, isolating aspects of flow regimes to restore downstream of hydropower facilities is among the greatest challenges of environmental flow science due, in part, to the sheer volume of available environmental flow tools in conjunction with complex negotiation-based regulatory procedures. Herein, we propose an organizational framework that structures information and existing flow paradigms into a staged process that assists stakeholders in implementing environmental flows for hydropower facilities. The framework identifies areas where regulations fall short of the needed scientific process, and provide suggestions for stakeholders to ameliorate those situations through advanced preparation. We highlight the strengths of existing flow paradigms in their application to hydropower settings and suggest when and where tools are most applicable. Our suggested framework increases the effectiveness and efficiency of the e-flow implementation process by rapidly establishing a knowledge base and decreasing uncertainty so more time can be devoted to filling knowledge gaps. Lastly, the framework provides the structure for a coordinated research agenda to further the science of environmental flows related to hydropower environments. JF - Environmental Management AU - McManamay, Ryan A AU - Brewer, Shannon K AU - Jager, Henriette I AU - Troia, Matthew J AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, MS-6351, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6351, USA, mcmanamayra@ornl.gov Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 365 EP - 385 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Stakeholders KW - Mitigation KW - Ecosystems KW - Hydroelectric power KW - Aquatic plants KW - Aquatic ecosystems KW - Reinstatement KW - Energy KW - Downstream KW - Pressure KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1811876010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Organizing+Environmental+Flow+Frameworks+to+Meet+Hydropower+Mitigation+Needs&rft.au=McManamay%2C+Ryan+A%3BBrewer%2C+Shannon+K%3BJager%2C+Henriette+I%3BTroia%2C+Matthew+J&rft.aulast=McManamay&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-016-0726-y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 91 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Aquatic plants; Pressure; Aquatic ecosystems; Reinstatement; Stakeholders; Mitigation; Ecosystems; Energy; Hydroelectric power; Downstream DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-016-0726-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perturbation of bacteriochlorophyll molecules in Fenna-Matthews-Olson protein complexes through mutagenesis of cysteine residues. AN - 1808379864; 27114180 AB - The Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) pigment-protein complex in green sulfur bacteria transfers excitation energy from the chlorosome antenna complex to the reaction center. In understanding energy transfer in the FMO protein, the individual contributions of the bacteriochlorophyll pigments to the FMO complex's absorption spectrum could provide detailed information with which molecular and energetic models can be constructed. The absorption properties of the pigments, however, are such that their spectra overlap significantly. To overcome this, we used site-directed mutagenesis to construct a series of mutant FMO complexes in the model green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum (formerly Chlorobium tepidum). Two cysteines at positions 49 and 353 in the C. tepidum FMO complex, which reside near hydrogen bonds between BChls 2 and 3, and their amino acid binding partner serine 73 and tyrosine 15, respectively, were changed to alanine residues. The resulting C49A, C353A, and C49A C353A double mutants were analyzed with a combination of optical absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. Our results revealed changes in the absorption properties of several underlying spectral components in the FMO complex, as well as the redox behavior of the complex in response to the reductant sodium dithionite. A high-resolution X-ray structure of the C49A C353A double mutant reveals that these spectral changes appear to be independent of any major structural rearrangements in the FMO mutants. Our findings provide important tests for theoretical calculations of the C. tepidum FMO absorption spectrum, and additionally highlight a possible role for cysteine residues in the redox activity of the pigment-protein complex. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Saer, Rafael AU - Orf, Gregory S AU - Lu, Xun AU - Zhang, Hao AU - Cuneo, Matthew J AU - Myles, Dean A A AU - Blankenship, Robert E AD - Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis. 1, Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis 1, Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States. ; Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis. 1, Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States. ; Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States. ; Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis. 1, Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis 1, Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States. ; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis. 1, Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis. 1, Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis 1, Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States. Electronic address: blankenship@wustl.edu. Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 1455 EP - 1463 VL - 1857 IS - 9 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - Index Medicus KW - Exciton KW - Photosynthesis KW - Energy transfer KW - Fenna–Matthews–Olson KW - Bacteriochlorophyll KW - Spectroscopy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808379864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Perturbation+of+bacteriochlorophyll+molecules+in+Fenna-Matthews-Olson+protein+complexes+through+mutagenesis+of+cysteine+residues.&rft.au=Saer%2C+Rafael%3BOrf%2C+Gregory+S%3BLu%2C+Xun%3BZhang%2C+Hao%3BCuneo%2C+Matthew+J%3BMyles%2C+Dean+A+A%3BBlankenship%2C+Robert+E&rft.aulast=Saer&rft.aufirst=Rafael&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=1857&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.bbabio.2016.04.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.04.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct-write liquid phase transformations with a scanning transmission electron microscope. AN - 1814656461; 27510435 AB - The highly energetic electron beam (e-beam) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) can induce local changes in the state of matter, ranging from knock-on and atomic movement, to amorphization/crystallization, and to localized chemical/electrochemical reactions. To date, fundamental studies of e-beam induced phenomena and practical applications have been limited by conventional STEM e-beam rastering modes that allow only for uniform e-beam exposures. Here, an automated liquid phase nanolithography method has been developed that enables the direct writing of nanometer scaled features within microfabricated liquid cells. An external e-beam control system, connected to the scan coils of an aberration-corrected STEM, is used to precisely control the position, dwell time, and scan rate of a sub-nanometer STEM probe. Site-specific locations in a sealed liquid cell containing an aqueous solution of H2PdCl4 are irradiated to deposit palladium nanocrystals onto silicon nitride membranes in a highly controlled manner. The threshold electron dose required for the radiolytic deposition of metallic palladium has been determined, the influence of electron dose on the nanolithographically patterned feature size and morphology is explored, and a feedback-controlled monitoring method for active control of the nanofabricated structures through STEM detector signal monitoring is proposed. This approach enables fundamental studies of electron beam induced interactions with matter in liquid cells and opens new pathways to fabricate nanostructures with tailored architectures and chemistries via shape-controlled nanolithographic patterning from liquid-phase precursors. JF - Nanoscale AU - Unocic, Raymond R AU - Lupini, Andrew R AU - Borisevich, Albina Y AU - Cullen, David A AU - Kalinin, Sergei V AU - Jesse, Stephen AD - Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. unocicrr@ornl.gov sjesse@ornl.gov and Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN, 37831, USA. ; Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN, 37831, USA and Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. ; Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN, 37831, USA. Y1 - 2016/08/25/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Aug 25 SP - 15581 EP - 15588 VL - 8 IS - 34 KW - Index Medicus UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1814656461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nanoscale&rft.atitle=Direct-write+liquid+phase+transformations+with+a+scanning+transmission+electron+microscope.&rft.au=Unocic%2C+Raymond+R%3BLupini%2C+Andrew+R%3BBorisevich%2C+Albina+Y%3BCullen%2C+David+A%3BKalinin%2C+Sergei+V%3BJesse%2C+Stephen&rft.aulast=Unocic&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.date=2016-08-25&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=15581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nanoscale&rft.issn=2040-3372&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6nr04994j LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nr04994j ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tunable magnetism in metal adsorbed fluorinated nanoporous graphene. AN - 1814144267; 27554975 AB - Developing nanostructures with tunable magnetic states is crucial for designing novel data storage and quantum information devices. Using density functional theory, we investigate the thermodynamic stability and magnetic properties of tungsten adsorbed tri-vacancy fluorinated (TVF) graphene. We demonstrate a strong structure-property relationship and its response to external stimuli via defect engineering in graphene-based materials. Complex interplay between defect states and the chemisorbed atom results in a large magnetic moment of 7 μB along with high in-plane magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) of 17 meV. Under the influence of electric field, spin crossover effect accompanied by a change in the MAE is observed. The ascribed change in spin-configuration is caused by the modification of exchange coupling between defect states and a change in the occupation of d-orbitals of the metal complex. Our predictions open a promising way towards controlling the magnetic properties in graphene based spintronic and non-volatile memory devices. JF - Scientific reports AU - Kumar, Pankaj AU - Sharma, Vinit AU - Reboredo, Fernando A AU - Yang, Li-Ming AU - Pushpa, Raghani AD - Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA. ; Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA. ; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China. Y1 - 2016/08/24/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Aug 24 SP - 31841 VL - 6 KW - Index Medicus UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1814144267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.atitle=Tunable+magnetism+in+metal+adsorbed+fluorinated+nanoporous+graphene.&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Pankaj%3BSharma%2C+Vinit%3BReboredo%2C+Fernando+A%3BYang%2C+Li-Ming%3BPushpa%2C+Raghani&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Pankaj&rft.date=2016-08-24&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=31841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scientific+reports&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsrep31841 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep31841 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermodynamic Control of Two-Dimensional Molecular Ionic Nanostructures on Metal Surfaces. AN - 1813899874; 27458890 AB - Bulk molecular ionic solids exhibit fascinating electronic properties, including electron correlations, phase transitions, and superconducting ground states. In contrast, few of these phenomena have been observed in low-dimensional molecular structures, including thin films, nanoparticles, and molecular blends, not in the least because most of such structures have been composed of nearly closed-shell molecules. It is therefore desirable to develop low-dimensional ionic molecular structures that can capture potential applications. Here, we present detailed analysis of monolayer-thick structures of the canonical TTF-TCNQ (tetrathiafulvalene 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) system grown on low-index gold and silver surfaces. The most distinctive property of the epitaxial growth is the wide abundance of stable TTF/TCNQ ratios, in sharp contrast to the predominance of a 1:1 ratio in the bulk. We propose the existence of the surface phase diagram that controls the structures of TTF-TCNQ on the surfaces and demonstrate phase transitions that occur upon progressively increasing the density of TCNQ while keeping the surface coverage of TTF fixed. Based on direct observations, we propose the binding motif behind the stable phases and infer the dominant interactions that enable the existence of the rich spectrum of surface structures. Finally, we also show that the surface phase diagram will control the epitaxy beyond monolayer coverage. Multiplicity of stable surface structures, the corollary rich phase diagram, and the corresponding phase transitions present an interesting opportunity for low-dimensional molecular systems, particularly if some of the electronic properties of the bulk can be preserved or modified in the surface phases. JF - ACS nano AU - Jeon, Seokmin AU - Doak, Peter W AU - Sumpter, Bobby G AU - Ganesh, Panchapakesan AU - Maksymovych, Petro AD - Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. Y1 - 2016/08/23/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Aug 23 SP - 7821 EP - 7829 VL - 10 IS - 8 KW - Index Medicus KW - self-assembly KW - phase diagram KW - electrostatics KW - scanning tunneling microscopy KW - molecular ion KW - density functional theory KW - charge transfer complex UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1813899874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+nano&rft.atitle=Thermodynamic+Control+of+Two-Dimensional+Molecular+Ionic+Nanostructures+on+Metal+Surfaces.&rft.au=Jeon%2C+Seokmin%3BDoak%2C+Peter+W%3BSumpter%2C+Bobby+G%3BGanesh%2C+Panchapakesan%3BMaksymovych%2C+Petro&rft.aulast=Jeon&rft.aufirst=Seokmin&rft.date=2016-08-23&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=7821&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+nano&rft.issn=1936-086X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facsnano.6b03492 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b03492 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions among hydraulic conductivity distributions, subsurface topography, and transport thresholds revealed by a multitracer hillslope irrigation experiment AN - 1855316193; 2017-001041 AB - Interactions among hydraulic conductivity distributions, subsurface topography, and lateral flow are poorly understood. We applied 407 mm of water and a suite of tracers over 51 h to a 12 by 16.5 m forested hillslope segment to determine interflow thresholds, preferential pathway pore velocities, large-scale conductivities, the time series of event water fractions, and the fate of dissolved nutrients. The 12% hillslope featured loamy sand A and E horizons overlying a sandy clay loam Bt at 1.25 m average depth. Interflow measured from two drains within an interception trench commenced after 131 and 208 mm of irrigation. Cumulative interflow equaled 49% of applied water. Conservative tracer differences between the collection drains indicated differences in flow paths and storages within the plot. Event water fractions rose steadily throughout irrigation, peaking at 50% sixteen h after irrigation ceased. Data implied that tightly held water exchanged with event water throughout the experiment and a substantial portion of preevent water was released from the argillic layer. Surface-applied dye tracers bypassed the matrix, with peak concentrations measured shortly after flow commencement, indicating preferential network conductivities of 864-2240 mm/h, yet no macropore flow was observed. Near steady-state flow conditions indicated average conductivities of 460 mm/h and 2.5 mm/h for topsoils and the Bt horizon, respectively. Low ammonium and phosphorus concentrations in the interflow suggested rapid uptake or sorption, while higher nitrate concentrations suggested more conservative transport. These results reveal how hydraulic conductivity variation and subsurface topographic complexity explain otherwise paradoxical solute and flow behaviors. Abstract Copyright (2016), . American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Jackson, C Rhett AU - Du, Enhao AU - Klaus, Julian AU - Griffiths, Natalie A AU - Bitew, Menberu AU - McDonnell, Jeffrey J Y1 - 2016/08// PY - 2016 DA - August 2016 SP - 6186 EP - 6206 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 52 IS - 8 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - South Carolina KW - slopes KW - watersheds KW - Appalachians KW - Aiken County South Carolina KW - Fourmile Creek KW - preferential flow KW - irrigation KW - ground water KW - topography KW - transport KW - tracers KW - nitrate ion KW - Atlantic Coastal Plain KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - North America KW - steady flow KW - solutes KW - loam KW - steady-state processes KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Piedmont KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1855316193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Interactions+among+hydraulic+conductivity+distributions%2C+subsurface+topography%2C+and+transport+thresholds+revealed+by+a+multitracer+hillslope+irrigation+experiment&rft.au=Jackson%2C+C+Rhett%3BDu%2C+Enhao%3BKlaus%2C+Julian%3BGriffiths%2C+Natalie+A%3BBitew%2C+Menberu%3BMcDonnell%2C+Jeffrey+J&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=6186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2015WR018364 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 71 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-05 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aiken County South Carolina; Appalachians; Atlantic Coastal Plain; Fourmile Creek; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; hydrology; irrigation; loam; nitrate ion; North America; Piedmont; preferential flow; slopes; soils; solute transport; solutes; South Carolina; steady flow; steady-state processes; topography; tracers; transport; United States; watersheds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018364 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limitations in current acetylcholinesterase structure-based design of oxime antidotes for organophosphate poisoning AN - 1837292983; PQ0003747295 AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7), an essential enzyme of cholinergic neurotransmission in vertebrates, is a primary target in acute nerve agent and organophosphate (OP) pesticide intoxication. Catalytically inactive OP-AChE conjugates formed between the active-center serine and phosphorus of OPs can, in principle, be reactivated by nucleophilic oxime antidotes. Antidote efficacy is limited by the structural diversity of OP-AChE conjugates resulting from differences in the structure of the conjugated OP, the different active-center volumes they occupy when conjugated to the active-center serine of AChE, and the distinct chemical characteristics of both OPs and oximes documented in numerous X-ray structures of OP-conjugated AChEs. Efforts to improve oxime reactivation efficacy by AChE structure-based enhancement of oxime structure have yielded only limited success. We outline here the potential limitations of available AChE X-ray structures that preclude an accurate prediction of oxime structures, which are necessary for association in the OP-AChE gorge and nucleophilic attack of the OP-conjugated phosphorus. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Kovalevsky, Andrey AU - Blumenthal, Donald K AU - Cheng, Xiaolin AU - Taylor, Palmer AU - Radic, Zoran AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Y1 - 2016/08// PY - 2016 DA - August 2016 SP - 41 EP - 49 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 1378 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Intoxication KW - Organophosphates KW - Pesticides KW - Phosphorus KW - Poisoning KW - Enzymes KW - Design KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1837292983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Limitations+in+current+acetylcholinesterase+structure-based+design+of+oxime+antidotes+for+organophosphate+poisoning&rft.au=Kovalevsky%2C+Andrey%3BBlumenthal%2C+Donald+K%3BCheng%2C+Xiaolin%3BTaylor%2C+Palmer%3BRadic%2C+Zoran&rft.aulast=Kovalevsky&rft.aufirst=Andrey&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.volume=1378&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fnyas.13128 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Intoxication; Prediction; Organophosphates; Pesticides; Poisoning; Phosphorus; Enzymes; Design DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13128 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regional hydrologic response to climate change in the conterminous United States using high-resolution hydroclimate simulations AN - 1832729639; 2016-089910 AB - Despite the fact that Global Climate Model (GCM) outputs have been used to project hydrologic impacts of climate change using off-line hydrologic models for two decades, many of these efforts have been disjointed - applications or at least calibrations have been focused on individual river basins and using a few of the available GCMs. This study improves upon earlier attempts by systematically projecting hydrologic impacts for the entire conterminous United States (US), using outputs from ten GCMs from the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) archive, with seamless hydrologic model calibration and validation techniques to produce a spatially and temporally consistent set of current hydrologic projections. The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model was forced with ten-member ensemble projections of precipitation and air temperature that were dynamically downscaled using a regional climate model (RegCM4) and bias-corrected to 1/24 degrees ( approximately 4 km) grid resolution for the baseline (1966-2005) and future (2011-2050) periods under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. Based on regional analysis, the VIC model projections indicate an increase in winter and spring total runoff due to increases in winter precipitation of up to 20% in most regions of the US. However, decreases in snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow-covered days will lead to significant decreases in summer runoff with more pronounced shifts in the time of occurrence of annual peak runoff projected over the eastern and western US. In contrast, the central US will experience year-round increases in total runoff, mostly associated with increases in both extreme high and low runoff. The projected hydrological changes described in this study have implications for various aspects of future water resource management, including water supply, flood and drought preparation, and reservoir operation. JF - Global and Planetary Change AU - Naz, Bibi S AU - Kao, Shih-Chieh AU - Ashfaq, Moetasim AU - Rastogi, Deeksha AU - Mei, Rui AU - Bowling, Laura C Y1 - 2016/08// PY - 2016 DA - August 2016 SP - 100 EP - 117 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 143 SN - 0921-8181, 0921-8181 KW - United States KW - water supply KW - rainfall KW - water management KW - simulation KW - climate change KW - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project KW - models KW - hydrologic cycle KW - infiltration KW - runoff KW - variable infiltration capacity KW - seasonal variations KW - global climate model KW - water resources KW - climate KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832729639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+and+Planetary+Change&rft.atitle=Regional+hydrologic+response+to+climate+change+in+the+conterminous+United+States+using+high-resolution+hydroclimate+simulations&rft.au=Naz%2C+Bibi+S%3BKao%2C+Shih-Chieh%3BAshfaq%2C+Moetasim%3BRastogi%2C+Deeksha%3BMei%2C+Rui%3BBowling%2C+Laura+C&rft.aulast=Naz&rft.aufirst=Bibi&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+and+Planetary+Change&rft.issn=09218181&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.gloplacha.2016.06.003 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09218181 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 109 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate; climate change; Coupled Model Intercomparison Project; global climate model; hydrologic cycle; infiltration; models; rainfall; runoff; seasonal variations; simulation; United States; variable infiltration capacity; water management; water resources; water supply DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.06.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the effect of internal aperture variability on transport in kilometer scale discrete fracture networks AN - 1832646411; 782152-36 AB - The apertures of natural fractures in fractured rock are highly heterogeneous. However, in-fracture aperture variability is often neglected in flow and transport modeling and individual fractures are assumed to have uniform aperture distribution. The relative importance of in-fracture variability in flow and transport modeling within kilometer-scale field-scale fracture networks has been under a matter of debate for a long time because the flow in each single fracture is controlled not only by in-fracture variability but also by boundary conditions. Computational limitations have previously prohibited researchers from investigating the relative importance of in-fracture variability in flow and transport modeling within large-scale fracture networks. We address this question by incorporating internal heterogeneity of individual fractures into flow simulations within kilometer scale three-dimensional fracture networks, where fracture intensity, P (sub 32) (ratio between total fracture area and domain volume) is between 0.027 and 0.031 [1/m]. A recently developed discrete fracture network (DFN) simulation capability, dfnWorks, is used to generate DFNs that include in-fracture aperture variability represented by a stationary log-normal stochastic field with various correlation lengths and variances. The Lagrangian transport parameters, non-reacting travel time and cumulative retention, are calculated along particles streamlines. It is observed that due to local flow channeling early particle travel times are more sensitive to in-fracture variability than the tails of travel time distributions, where no significant effect of the in-fracture transmissivity variations and spatial correlation length is observed. JF - Advances in Water Resources AU - Makedonska, Nataliia AU - Hyman, Jeffrey D AU - Karra, Satish AU - Painter, Scott L AU - Gable, Carl W AU - Viswanathan, Hari S Y1 - 2016/08// PY - 2016 DA - August 2016 SP - 486 EP - 497 PB - Elsevier, Oxford VL - 94 SN - 0309-1708, 0309-1708 KW - fractured materials KW - fractures KW - transmissivity KW - transport KW - dfnWorks KW - fluid flow KW - heterogeneity KW - advection KW - simulation KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832646411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+effect+of+internal+aperture+variability+on+transport+in+kilometer+scale+discrete+fracture+networks&rft.au=Makedonska%2C+Nataliia%3BHyman%2C+Jeffrey+D%3BKarra%2C+Satish%3BPainter%2C+Scott+L%3BGable%2C+Carl+W%3BViswanathan%2C+Hari+S&rft.aulast=Makedonska&rft.aufirst=Nataliia&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=&rft.spage=486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.issn=03091708&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.advwatres.2016.06.010 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03091708 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - advection; dfnWorks; fluid flow; fractured materials; fractures; heterogeneity; simulation; transmissivity; transport DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.06.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen diffusion and exchange in dolomite rock at 700 degrees C, 100 MPa AN - 1828850170; 2016-087005 AB - In contact-metamorphic environments dolomite commonly breaks down to calcite + periclase + CO (sub 2) as a result of the infiltration of H (sub 2) O. The transport and exchange of oxygen in dolomite rock during the breakdown reaction were examined experimentally by reacting a cylindrical core of Reed Dolomite with isotopically enriched water having the composition HD (super 18) O (sub 0.5) (super 16) O (sub 0.5) at 700 degrees C and 100 MPa for 29 days. Reaction products formed along grain boundaries, fractures, and on the outside surface of the core. Some dolomite grains became enriched in Fe as a result of replacement of the host dolomite. Extensive voids are found in the grain boundaries as a result of the approximately 25% loss in solid volume during reaction. There are also pores, approximately 1 mu m in diameter, in the dolomite, notably in the vicinity of the replaced dolomite. The distribution of (super 18) O in the dolomite and reaction products was used as a tracer of the transport and exchange of O during reaction. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses showed pervasive infiltration of fluid along grain boundaries and fractures, growth and isotopic exchange with products of reaction, and diffusion of (super 18) O into dolomite grains. The fluid infiltrated efficiently along grain boundaries to the dolomite grain surface. The host dolomite shows an enrichment in (super 18) O along grain boundaries, indicating a diffusive exchange with the fluid. An estimate of the diffusion coefficient of oxygen in dolomite, determined from ion probe spot analyses, gives D nearly equal 1 X 10 (super -12) mm (super 2) /s. This value is comparable to the oxygen diffusion coefficient for calcite in an H (sub 2) O-rich fluid. Mass balance of O in the experiment (including dolomite-fluid exchange, the amounts of neomorphic reaction products, and the fluid components) indicates that the reaction products have a (super 18) O concentration only about half that of the fluid. Ion probe spot analyses of calcite from both the center and the edge of the core have the fraction F = (super 18) O/( (super 18) O + (super 16) O) of 0.14 + or - 0.1, whereas the value calculated for the fluid is 0.31. The measured F values of calcite are intermediate between the initial F values of starting water and dolomite, indicating that the reaction products record a mix of both dolomite- and fluid-derived oxygen. The products reached about 45% of isotopic equilibrium, similar to the extent of the mineral-fluid reaction. The Fe-rich, replacement dolomite near the core edge has an elevated value of F = 0.02 + or - 0.002, 10 times the value of F nearly equal 0.002 for unreacted dolomite, but less than the value for the calcite. The distribution of (super 18) O in the minerals indicates that the breakdown and replacement reactions were faster than O diffusion in dolomite. JF - American Mineralogist AU - DeAngelis, Michael T AU - Labotka, Theodore C AU - Fayek, Mostafa AU - Cole, David R AU - Anovitz, Lawrence M Y1 - 2016/08// PY - 2016 DA - August 2016 SP - 1898 EP - 1905 PB - Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC VL - 101 IS - 8 SN - 0003-004X, 0003-004X KW - United States KW - isotope fractionation KW - periclase KW - upper Precambrian KW - oxygen KW - ion probe data KW - isotopes KW - stability KW - mass spectra KW - fluid phase KW - Reed Dolomite KW - dolostone KW - metasomatism KW - stable isotopes KW - cores KW - temperature KW - electron probe data KW - carbon dioxide KW - dolomite KW - contact metamorphism KW - sedimentary rocks KW - mass balance KW - metamorphic rocks KW - oxides KW - spectra KW - chemical composition KW - Nevada KW - Neoproterozoic KW - experimental studies KW - diffusion KW - pressure KW - Precambrian KW - isotope ratios KW - Proterozoic KW - O-18/O-16 KW - metamorphism KW - high pressure KW - calcite KW - infiltration KW - marbles KW - carbonate rocks KW - carbonates KW - high temperature KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1828850170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Mineralogist&rft.atitle=Oxygen+diffusion+and+exchange+in+dolomite+rock+at+700+degrees+C%2C+100+MPa&rft.au=DeAngelis%2C+Michael+T%3BLabotka%2C+Theodore+C%3BFayek%2C+Mostafa%3BCole%2C+David+R%3BAnovitz%2C+Lawrence+M&rft.aulast=DeAngelis&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1898&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Mineralogist&rft.issn=0003004X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2138%2Fam-2016-5635 L2 - http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/TOC/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, copyright, Mineralogical Society of America | Reference includes data from GeoScienceWorld, Alexandria, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - AMMIAY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - calcite; carbon dioxide; carbonate rocks; carbonates; chemical composition; contact metamorphism; cores; diffusion; dolomite; dolostone; electron probe data; experimental studies; fluid phase; high pressure; high temperature; infiltration; ion probe data; isotope fractionation; isotope ratios; isotopes; marbles; mass balance; mass spectra; metamorphic rocks; metamorphism; metasomatism; Neoproterozoic; Nevada; O-18/O-16; oxides; oxygen; periclase; Precambrian; pressure; Proterozoic; Reed Dolomite; sedimentary rocks; spectra; stability; stable isotopes; temperature; United States; upper Precambrian DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5635 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated surface/subsurface permafrost thermal hydrology: Model formulation and proof-of-concept simulations AN - 1827902290; PQ0003694586 AB - The need to understand potential climate impacts and feedbacks in Arctic regions has prompted recent interest in modeling of permafrost dynamics in a warming climate. A new fine-scale integrated surface/subsurface thermal hydrology modeling capability is described and demonstrated in proof-of-concept simulations. The new modeling capability combines a surface energy balance model with recently developed three-dimensional subsurface thermal hydrology models and new models for nonisothermal surface water flows and snow distribution in the microtopography. Surface water flows are modeled using the diffusion wave equation extended to include energy transport and phase change of ponded water. Variation of snow depth in the microtopography, physically the result of wind scour, is modeled phenomenologically with a diffusion wave equation. The multiple surface and subsurface processes are implemented by leveraging highly parallel community software. Fully integrated thermal hydrology simulations on the tilted open book catchment, an important test case for integrated surface/subsurface flow modeling, are presented. Fine-scale 100 year projections of the integrated permafrost thermal hydrological system on an ice wedge polygon at Barrow Alaska in a warming climate are also presented. These simulations demonstrate the feasibility of microtopography-resolving, process-rich simulations as a tool to help understand possible future evolution of the carbon-rich Arctic tundra in a warming climate. Key Points: * New permafrost thermal hydrology simulation capability is available in open-source parallel software * The ATS software combines new surface and subsurface process representations in three dimensions * Decadal projections of permafrost dynamics in a warming climate demonstrate the new capability JF - Water Resources Research AU - Painter, Scott L AU - Coon, Ethan T AU - Atchley, Adam L AU - Berndt, Markus AU - Garimella, Rao AU - Moulton, JDavid AU - Svyatskiy, Daniil AU - Wilson, Cathy J AD - Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2016/08// PY - 2016 DA - August 2016 SP - 6062 EP - 6077 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United States VL - 52 IS - 8 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Flow KW - Snow cover depth KW - Energy transport KW - Permafrost KW - Surface Water KW - Subsurface flow KW - Ice wedges KW - Catchment basins KW - Hydrology KW - Waves KW - Wind KW - Modelling KW - Wave scouring KW - PNW, USA, Alaska, Barrow KW - Ice KW - Wind shear KW - Hydrologic analysis KW - Climate models KW - Mathematical models KW - Simulation Analysis KW - Snow KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Microtopography KW - PN, Arctic KW - Wave equations KW - Numerical simulations KW - Energy KW - Diffusion in snow cover KW - Water resources research KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09144:Regional studies, expeditions and data reports KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1827902290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Integrated+surface%2Fsubsurface+permafrost+thermal+hydrology%3A+Model+formulation+and+proof-of-concept+simulations&rft.au=Painter%2C+Scott+L%3BCoon%2C+Ethan+T%3BAtchley%2C+Adam+L%3BBerndt%2C+Markus%3BGarimella%2C+Rao%3BMoulton%2C+JDavid%3BSvyatskiy%2C+Daniil%3BWilson%2C+Cathy+J&rft.aulast=Painter&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=6062&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2015WR018427 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wave scouring; Ice; Mathematical models; Snow; Climate; Microtopography; Hydrology; Permafrost; Modelling; Wind shear; Climate models; Hydrologic analysis; Energy transport; Snow cover depth; Subsurface flow; Ice wedges; Wave equations; Numerical simulations; Catchment basins; Water resources research; Diffusion in snow cover; Flow; Simulation Analysis; Energy; Climates; Waves; Surface Water; Wind; PN, Arctic; PNW, USA, Alaska, Barrow DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018427 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical and isotope compositions of shallow ground water in areas impacted by hydraulic fracturing and surface mining in the central Appalachian Basin, Eastern United States AN - 1815667988; 2016-076560 AB - Hydraulic fracturing of shale deposits has greatly increased the productivity of the natural gas industry by allowing it to exploit previously inaccessible reservoirs. Previous research has demonstrated that this practice has the potential to contaminate shallow aquifers with methane (CH (sub 4) ) from deeper formations. This study compares concentrations and isotopic compositions of CH (sub 4) sampled from domestic groundwater wells in Letcher County, Eastern Kentucky in order to characterize its occurrence and origins in relation to both neighboring hydraulically fractured natural gas wells and surface coal mines. The studied groundwater showed concentrations of CH (sub 4) ranging from 0.05 mg/L to 10 mg/L, thus, no immediate remediation is required. The delta (super 13) C values of CH (sub 4) ranged from -66 ppm to -16 ppm, and delta (super 2) H values ranged from -286 ppm to -86 ppm, suggesting an immature thermogenic and mixed biogenic/thermogenic origin. The occurrence of CH (sub 4) was not correlated with proximity to hydraulically fractured natural gas wells. Generally, CH (sub 4) occurrence corresponded with groundwater abundant in Na (super +) , Cl (super -) , and HCO (sub 3) (super -) , and with low concentrations of SO (sub 4) (super 2-) . The CH (sub 4) and SO (sub 4) (super 2-) concentrations were best predicted by the oxidation/reduction potential of the studied groundwater. CH (sub 4) was abundant in more reducing waters, and SO (sub 4) (super 2-) was abundant in more oxidizing waters. Additionally, groundwater in greater proximity to surface mining was more likely to be oxidized. This, in turn, might have increased the likelihood of CH (sub 4) oxidation in shallow groundwater. JF - Applied Geochemistry AU - LeDoux, St Thomas M AU - Szynkiewicz, Anna AU - Faiia, Anthony M AU - Mayes, Melanie A AU - McKinney, Michael L AU - Dean, William G Y1 - 2016/08// PY - 2016 DA - August 2016 SP - 73 EP - 85 PB - Elsevier, Oxford-New York-Beijing VL - 71 SN - 0883-2927, 0883-2927 KW - United States KW - oxygen KW - isotopes KW - natural gas KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - mass spectra KW - petroleum KW - environmental analysis KW - stable isotopes KW - ground water KW - spatial distribution KW - sedimentary rocks KW - Appalachian Basin KW - carbon KW - spectra KW - Letcher County Kentucky KW - chemical composition KW - water pollution KW - hydraulic fracturing KW - North America KW - methane KW - sulfates KW - shale KW - pollutants KW - Paleozoic KW - isotope ratios KW - C-13/C-12 KW - statistical analysis KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - Eastern U.S. KW - correlation KW - O-18/O-16 KW - alkanes KW - aquifers KW - models KW - ICP mass spectra KW - organic compounds KW - Chattanooga Shale KW - central Appalachian Basin KW - D/H KW - hydrogen KW - Pine Mountain Ridge KW - hydrocarbons KW - Kentucky KW - water resources KW - clastic rocks KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1815667988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Chemical+and+isotope+compositions+of+shallow+ground+water+in+areas+impacted+by+hydraulic+fracturing+and+surface+mining+in+the+central+Appalachian+Basin%2C+Eastern+United+States&rft.au=LeDoux%2C+St+Thomas+M%3BSzynkiewicz%2C+Anna%3BFaiia%2C+Anthony+M%3BMayes%2C+Melanie+A%3BMcKinney%2C+Michael+L%3BDean%2C+William+G&rft.aulast=LeDoux&rft.aufirst=St+Thomas&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.issn=08832927&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apgeochem.2016.05.007 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08832927 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Appalachian Basin; aquifers; C-13/C-12; carbon; central Appalachian Basin; Chattanooga Shale; chemical composition; clastic rocks; correlation; D/H; Eastern U.S.; environmental analysis; ground water; hydraulic fracturing; hydrocarbons; hydrogen; ICP mass spectra; isotope ratios; isotopes; Kentucky; Letcher County Kentucky; mass spectra; methane; models; natural gas; North America; O-18/O-16; organic compounds; oxygen; Paleozoic; petroleum; Pine Mountain Ridge; pollutants; pollution; prediction; sedimentary rocks; shale; spatial distribution; spectra; stable isotopes; statistical analysis; sulfates; United States; water pollution; water resources DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.05.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relating fish health and reproductive metrics to contaminant bioaccumulation at the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston coal ash spill site AN - 1808740303; PQ0003351599 AB - A 4.1 million m super(3) coal ash release into the Emory and Clinch rivers in December 2008 at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Kingston Fossil Plant in east Tennessee, USA, prompted a long-term, large-scale biological monitoring effort to determine if there are chronic effects of this spill on resident biota. Because of the magnitude of the ash spill and the potential for exposure to coal ash-associated contaminants [e.g., selenium (Se), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg)] which are bioaccumulative and may present human and ecological risks, an integrative, bioindicator approach was used. Three species of fish were monitored-bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), redear sunfish (L. microlophus), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)-at ash-affected and reference sites annually for 5 years following the spill. On the same individual fish, contaminant burdens were measured in various tissues, blood chemistry parameters as metrics of fish health, and various condition and reproduction indices. A multivariate statistical approach was then used to evaluate relationships between contaminant bioaccumulation and fish metrics to assess the chronic, sub-lethal effects of exposure to the complex mixture of coal ash-associated contaminants at and around the ash spill site. This study suggests that while fish tissue concentrations of some ash-associated contaminants are elevated at the spill site, there was no consistent evidence of compromised fish health linked with the spill. Further, although relationships between elevated fillet burdens of ash-associated contaminants and some fish metrics were found, these relationships were not indicative of exposure to coal ash or spill sites. The present study adds to the weight of evidence from prior studies suggesting that fish populations have not incurred significant biological effects from spilled ash at this site: findings that are relevant to the current national discussions on the safe disposal of coal ash waste. JF - Ecotoxicology AU - Pracheil, Brenda M AU - Marshall Adams, S AU - Bevelhimer, Mark S AU - Fortner, Allison M AU - Greeley, Mark S AU - Murphy, Cheryl A AU - Mathews, Teresa J AU - Peterson, Mark J AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA, pracheilbm@ornl.gov Y1 - 2016/08// PY - 2016 DA - August 2016 SP - 1136 EP - 1149 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0963-9292, 0963-9292 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Statistics KW - Micropterus salmoides KW - Contamination KW - Fish wastes KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Toxicity tests KW - Biota KW - Exposure KW - Fish fillets KW - Bioindicators KW - Rivers KW - Wastes KW - Valleys KW - Sexual Reproduction KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Mercury KW - Fish KW - Contaminants KW - Risk assessment KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Coal KW - USA, Tennessee, Clinch R. KW - Selenium KW - Fossils KW - Lepomis macrochirus KW - Seafood KW - Micropterus KW - Arsenic KW - Ash KW - Toxicity KW - USA, Tennessee KW - Blood KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Chronic effects KW - Reproduction KW - Indicator species KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - D 04070:Pollution KW - SW 0810:General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - X 24360:Metals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808740303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=Relating+fish+health+and+reproductive+metrics+to+contaminant+bioaccumulation+at+the+Tennessee+Valley+Authority+Kingston+coal+ash+spill+site&rft.au=Pracheil%2C+Brenda+M%3BMarshall+Adams%2C+S%3BBevelhimer%2C+Mark+S%3BFortner%2C+Allison+M%3BGreeley%2C+Mark+S%3BMurphy%2C+Cheryl+A%3BMathews%2C+Teresa+J%3BPeterson%2C+Mark+J&rft.aulast=Pracheil&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=09639292&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10646-016-1668-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Bioaccumulation; Fish wastes; Seafood; Coal; Fish fillets; Freshwater fish; Toxicity tests; Indicator species; Rivers; Arsenic; Statistics; Wastes; Blood; Selenium; Fossils; Chronic effects; Mercury; Reproduction; Contaminants; Risk assessment; Bioindicators; Ash; Valleys; Biota; Fish; Contamination; Exposure; Water Pollution Effects; Toxicity; Sexual Reproduction; Micropterus salmoides; Lepomis macrochirus; Micropterus; USA, Tennessee; USA, Tennessee, Clinch R.; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1668-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How a Nanostructure's Shape Affects its Lifetime in the Environment: Comparing a Silver Nanocube to a Nanoparticle When Dispersed in Aqueous Media. AN - 1802473188; 27253183 AB - Herein, we detail how the morphology of a nanomaterial affects its environmental lifetime in aquatic ecosystems. In particular, we focus on the cube and particle nanostructures of Ag and age them in various aquatic mediums including synthetic hard water, pond water, and seawater. Our results show that in the synthetic hard water and pond water cases, there was little difference in the rate of morphological changes as determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. However, when these samples were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy, radically different mechanisms in the loss of their original nanostructures were observed. Specifically, for the nanocube we observed that the corners of the cubes had become more rounded, whereas the aged nanoparticles formed large aggregates. Most interestingly, when the seawater samples were analyzed, the nanocubes showed a substantially higher stability in maintaining the nano length scale in comparison to nanoparticles overtime. Moreover, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis allowed us to determine that Ag+ ions diffused away from both the edge and from the faces of the cube, whereas the nanoparticle rapidly aggregated under the harsh seawater conditions. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Formo, Eric V AU - Potterf, Caroline B AU - Yang, Miaoxin AU - Unocic, Raymond R AU - Leonard, Donovan N AU - Pawel, Michelle AD - Georgia Electron Microscopy, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30622, United States. ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States. ; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. Y1 - 2016/07/05/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Jul 05 SP - 7082 EP - 7089 VL - 50 IS - 13 KW - Index Medicus UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1802473188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=How+a+Nanostructure%27s+Shape+Affects+its+Lifetime+in+the+Environment%3A+Comparing+a+Silver+Nanocube+to+a+Nanoparticle+When+Dispersed+in+Aqueous+Media.&rft.au=Formo%2C+Eric+V%3BPotterf%2C+Caroline+B%3BYang%2C+Miaoxin%3BUnocic%2C+Raymond+R%3BLeonard%2C+Donovan+N%3BPawel%2C+Michelle&rft.aulast=Formo&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2016-07-05&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=7082&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=1520-5851&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facs.est.6b01172 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01172 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in the sensitivity among model simulations of permafrost and carbon dynamics in the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009 AN - 1840622099; 2016-096391 AB - A significant portion of the large amount of carbon (C) currently stored in soils of the permafrost region in the Northern Hemisphere has the potential to be emitted as the greenhouse gases CO (sub 2) and CH (sub 4) under a warmer climate. In this study we evaluated the variability in the sensitivity of permafrost and C in recent decades among land surface model simulations over the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009. The 15 model simulations all predict a loss of near-surface permafrost (within 3 m) area over the region, but there are large differences in the magnitude of the simulated rates of loss among the models (0.2 to 58.8 X 10 (super 3) km (super 2) yr (super -1) ). Sensitivity simulations indicated that changes in air temperature largely explained changes in permafrost area, although interactions among changes in other environmental variables also played a role. All of the models indicate that both vegetation and soil C storage together have increased by 156 to 954 Tg C yr (super -1) between 1960 and 2009 over the permafrost region even though model analyses indicate that warming alone would decrease soil C storage. Increases in gross primary production (GPP) largely explain the simulated increases in vegetation and soil C. The sensitivity of GPP to increases in atmospheric CO (sub 2) was the dominant cause of increases in GPP across the models, but comparison of simulated GPP trends across the 1982-2009 period with that of a global GPP data set indicates that all of the models overestimate the trend in GPP. Disturbance also appears to be an important factor affecting C storage, as models that consider disturbance had lower increases in C storage than models that did not consider disturbance. To improve the modeling of C in the permafrost region, there is the need for the modeling community to standardize structural representation of permafrost and carbon dynamics among models that are used to evaluate the permafrost C feedback and for the modeling and observational communities to jointly develop data sets and methodologies to more effectively benchmark models. Abstract Copyright (2016), . American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - McGuire, A David AU - Koven, Charles AU - Lawrence, David M AU - Clein, Joy S AU - Xia, Jiangyang AU - Beer, Christian AU - Burke, Eleanor AU - Chen, Guangsheng AU - Chen, Xiaodong AU - Delire, Christine AU - Jafarov, Elchin AU - MacDougall, Andrew H AU - Marchenko, Sergey AU - Nicolsky, Dmitry AU - Peng, Shushi AU - Rinke, Annette AU - Saito, Kazuyuki AU - Zhang, Wenxin AU - Alkama, Ramdane AU - Bohn, Theodore J AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Decharme, Bertrand AU - Ekici, Altug AU - Gouttevin, Isabelle AU - Hajima, Tomohiro AU - Hayes, Daniel J AU - Ji, Duoying AU - Krinner, Gerhard AU - Lettenmaier, Dennis P AU - Luo, Yiqi AU - Miller, Paul A AU - Moore, John C AU - Romanovsky, Vladimir AU - Schaedel, Christina AU - Schaefer, Kevin AU - Schuur, Edward A G AU - Smith, Benjamin AU - Sueyoshi, Tetsuo AU - Zhuang, Qianlai Y1 - 2016/07// PY - 2016 DA - July 2016 SP - 1015 EP - 1037 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 30 IS - 7 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - decadal variations KW - permafrost KW - data processing KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - global change KW - temperature KW - carbon dioxide KW - dynamics KW - sensitivity analysis KW - carbon KW - digital simulation KW - global warming KW - soils KW - cryosphere KW - methane KW - Arctic region KW - alkanes KW - thawing KW - geochemical cycle KW - organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - air KW - greenhouse gases KW - carbon cycle KW - frozen ground KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1840622099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Variability+in+the+sensitivity+among+model+simulations+of+permafrost+and+carbon+dynamics+in+the+permafrost+region+between+1960+and+2009&rft.au=McGuire%2C+A+David%3BKoven%2C+Charles%3BLawrence%2C+David+M%3BClein%2C+Joy+S%3BXia%2C+Jiangyang%3BBeer%2C+Christian%3BBurke%2C+Eleanor%3BChen%2C+Guangsheng%3BChen%2C+Xiaodong%3BDelire%2C+Christine%3BJafarov%2C+Elchin%3BMacDougall%2C+Andrew+H%3BMarchenko%2C+Sergey%3BNicolsky%2C+Dmitry%3BPeng%2C+Shushi%3BRinke%2C+Annette%3BSaito%2C+Kazuyuki%3BZhang%2C+Wenxin%3BAlkama%2C+Ramdane%3BBohn%2C+Theodore+J%3BCiais%2C+Philippe%3BDecharme%2C+Bertrand%3BEkici%2C+Altug%3BGouttevin%2C+Isabelle%3BHajima%2C+Tomohiro%3BHayes%2C+Daniel+J%3BJi%2C+Duoying%3BKrinner%2C+Gerhard%3BLettenmaier%2C+Dennis+P%3BLuo%2C+Yiqi%3BMiller%2C+Paul+A%3BMoore%2C+John+C%3BRomanovsky%2C+Vladimir%3BSchaedel%2C+Christina%3BSchaefer%2C+Kevin%3BSchuur%2C+Edward+A+G%3BSmith%2C+Benjamin%3BSueyoshi%2C+Tetsuo%3BZhuang%2C+Qianlai&rft.aulast=McGuire&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2016GB005405 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 121 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 9 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Arctic region; carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; cryosphere; data processing; decadal variations; digital simulation; dynamics; frozen ground; geochemical cycle; global change; global warming; greenhouse gases; hydrocarbons; methane; organic compounds; permafrost; sensitivity analysis; soils; temperature; thawing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005405 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing a land model in ecosystem functional space via a comparison of observed and modeled ecosystem flux responses to precipitation regimes and associated stresses in a Central U.S. forest AN - 1815691736; PQ0003582574 AB - Testing complex land surface models has often proceeded by asking the question: does the model prediction agree with the observation? Such an approach has yet led to high-performance terrestrial models that meet the challenges of climate and ecological studies. Here we test the Community Land Model (CLM) by asking the question: does the model behave like an ecosystem? We pursue its answer by testing CLM in the ecosystem functional space (EFS) at the Missouri Ozark AmeriFlux (MOFLUX) forest site in the Central U.S., focusing on carbon and water flux responses to precipitation regimes and associated stresses. In the observed EFS, precipitation regimes and associated water and heat stresses controlled seasonal and interannual variations of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO sub(2) and evapotranspiration in this deciduous forest ecosystem. Such controls were exerted more strongly by precipitation variability than by the total precipitation amount per se. A few simply constructed climate variability indices captured these controls, suggesting a high degree of potential predictability. While the interannual fluctuation in NEE was large, a net carbon sink was maintained even during an extreme drought year. Although CLM predicted seasonal and interanual variations in evapotranspiration reasonably well, its predictions of net carbon uptake were too small across the observed range of climate variability. Also, the model systematically underestimated the sensitivities of NEE and evapotranspiration to climate variability and overestimated the coupling strength between carbon and water fluxes. We suspect that the modeled and observed trajectories of ecosystem fluxes did not overlap in the EFS and the model did not behave like the ecosystem it attempted to simulate. A definitive conclusion will require comprehensive parameter and structural sensitivity tests in a rigorous mathematical framework. We suggest that future model improvements should focus on better representation and parameterization of process responses to environmental stresses and on more complete and robust representations of carbon-specific processes so that adequate responses to climate variability and a proper degree of coupling between carbon and water exchanges are captured. Key Points * Model is tested in ecosystem functional space * Precipitation variability controls forest carbon uptake and water use * Improvements are needed for CLM to behave like an ecosystem JF - Journal of Geophysical Research. G. Biogeosciences AU - Gu, Lianhong AU - Pallardy, Stephen G AU - Yang, Bai AU - Hosman, Kevin P AU - Mao, Jiafu AU - Ricciuto, Daniel AU - Shi, Xiaoying AU - Sun, Ying AD - Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2016/07// PY - 2016 DA - July 2016 SP - 1884 EP - 1902 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United States VL - 121 IS - 7 SN - 2169-8953, 2169-8953 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Hydrological Regime KW - Variability KW - Ecosystems KW - Climate change KW - Models KW - Comparative studies KW - Carbon KW - carbon sinks KW - USA, Missouri KW - Environmental stress KW - Droughts KW - Modelling KW - Atmospheric precipitations KW - Mathematical models KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Stress KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Precipitation KW - Water use KW - Heat KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Fluctuations KW - Q2 09262:Methods and instruments KW - SW 0810:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1815691736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+G.+Biogeosciences&rft.atitle=Testing+a+land+model+in+ecosystem+functional+space+via+a+comparison+of+observed+and+modeled+ecosystem+flux+responses+to+precipitation+regimes+and+associated+stresses+in+a+Central+U.S.+forest&rft.au=Gu%2C+Lianhong%3BPallardy%2C+Stephen+G%3BYang%2C+Bai%3BHosman%2C+Kevin+P%3BMao%2C+Jiafu%3BRicciuto%2C+Daniel%3BShi%2C+Xiaoying%3BSun%2C+Ying&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=Lianhong&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1884&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+G.+Biogeosciences&rft.issn=21698953&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2015JG003302 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric precipitations; Water use; Comparative studies; Carbon; Climate change; Evapotranspiration; Carbon dioxide; Droughts; Modelling; Mathematical models; Climate; Stress; Precipitation; Models; carbon sinks; Heat; Environmental stress; Hydrological Regime; Variability; Ecosystems; Climates; Fluctuations; USA, Missouri DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003302 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confronting the "Indian summer monsoon response to black carbon aerosol" with the uncertainty in its radiative forcing and beyond AN - 1811901137; PQ0003515428 AB - While black carbon aerosols (BC) are believed to modulate the Indian monsoons, the radiative forcing estimate of BC suffers from large uncertainties globally. We analyze a suite of idealized experiments forced with a range of BC concentrations that span a large swath of the latest estimates of its global radiative forcing. Within those bounds of uncertainty, summer precipitation over the Indian region increases nearly linearly with the increase in BC burden. The linearity holds even as the BC concentration is increased to levels resembling those hypothesized in nuclear winter scenarios, despite large surface cooling over India and adjoining regions. The enhanced monsoonal circulation is associated with a linear increase in the large-scale meridional tropospheric temperature gradient. The precipitable water over the region also increases linearly with an increase in BC burden, due to increased moisture transport from the Arabian sea to the land areas. The wide range of Indian monsoon response elicited in these experiments emphasizes the need to reduce the uncertainty in BC estimates to accurately quantify their role in modulating the Indian monsoons. The increase in monsoonal circulation in response to large BC concentrations contrasts earlier findings that the Indian summer monsoon may break down following a nuclear war. Key Points * Indian summer monsoon circulation linearly increases with BC forcing within its estimated uncertainty * Indian summer monsoon circulation amplifies in response to very large BC forcing * Near-surface circulation advects more moisture into the land regions increasing precipitable water there JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres AU - Kovilakam, Mahesh AU - Mahajan, Salil AD - Computational Earth Sciences Group and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2016/07// PY - 2016 DA - July 2016 SP - 7833 EP - 7852 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United States VL - 121 IS - 13 SN - 2169-897X, 2169-897X KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - ISW, Arabian Sea KW - Nuclear winter KW - Moisture transport KW - Black carbon aerosols KW - Temperature Gradient KW - ISW, India KW - Radiative forcing KW - Carbon KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Atmospheric precipitations KW - Marine KW - Summer monsoon KW - Aerosols KW - Brackish KW - Troposphere KW - Precipitation KW - Temperature gradients KW - Cooling KW - Precipitable water KW - Tropospheric temperatures KW - Monsoons KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1811901137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%3A+Atmospheres&rft.atitle=Confronting+the+%22Indian+summer+monsoon+response+to+black+carbon+aerosol%22+with+the+uncertainty+in+its+radiative+forcing+and+beyond&rft.au=Kovilakam%2C+Mahesh%3BMahajan%2C+Salil&rft.aulast=Kovilakam&rft.aufirst=Mahesh&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=7833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%3A+Atmospheres&rft.issn=2169897X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2016JD024866 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atmospheric precipitations; Aerosols; Carbon; Ocean-atmosphere system; Troposphere; Temperature gradients; Monsoons; Summer monsoon; Radiative forcing; Precipitable water; Moisture transport; Nuclear winter; Black carbon aerosols; Precipitation; Tropospheric temperatures; Cooling; Temperature Gradient; ISW, India; ISW, Arabian Sea; Marine; Brackish DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016JD024866 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Warming increases methylmercury production in an Arctic soil AN - 1808706394; PQ0003239595 AB - Rapid temperature rise in Arctic permafrost impacts not only the degradation of stored soil organic carbon (SOC) and climate feedback, but also the production and bioaccumulation of methylmercury (MeHg) toxin that can endanger humans, as well as wildlife in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Currently little is known concerning the effects of rapid permafrost thaw on microbial methylation and how SOC degradation is coupled to MeHg biosynthesis. Here we describe the effects of warming on MeHg production in an Arctic soil during an 8-month anoxic incubation experiment. Net MeHg production increased >10 fold in both organic- and mineral-rich soil layers at warmer (8 degree C) than colder (-2 degree C) temperatures. The type and availability of labile SOC, such as reducing sugars and ethanol, were particularly important in fueling the rapid initial biosynthesis of MeHg. Freshly amended mercury was more readily methylated than preexisting mercury in the soil. Additionally, positive correlations between mercury methylation and methane and ferrous ion production indicate linkages between SOC degradation and MeHg production. These results show that climate warming and permafrost thaw could potentially enhance MeHg production by an order of magnitude, impacting Arctic terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by increased exposure to mercury through bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food web. JF - Environmental Pollution AU - Yang, Ziming AU - Fang, Wei AU - Lu, Xia AU - Sheng, Guo-Ping AU - Graham, David E AU - Liang, Liyuan AU - Wullschleger, Stan D AU - Gu, Baohua AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA Y1 - 2016/07// PY - 2016 DA - July 2016 SP - 504 EP - 509 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 214 SN - 0269-7491, 0269-7491 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Environment Abstracts KW - Permafrost KW - Soil organic carbon KW - Mercury KW - Methylmercury production KW - Climate change KW - Ecosystems KW - Soil KW - Soils KW - Arctic KW - Ethanol KW - Biosynthesis KW - Wildlife KW - Aquatic ecosystems KW - Toxins KW - Methylation KW - Degradation KW - Soil temperature KW - Pollution effects KW - Carbon KW - Dimethylmercury KW - Feedback KW - Pollution KW - Food webs KW - Methylmercury KW - Sugar KW - Methyl mercury KW - Methane KW - Climate KW - Temperature KW - Soils (organic) KW - Polar environments KW - PN, Arctic KW - Bioaccumulation KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24360:Metals KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808706394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.atitle=Warming+increases+methylmercury+production+in+an+Arctic+soil&rft.au=Yang%2C+Ziming%3BFang%2C+Wei%3BLu%2C+Xia%3BSheng%2C+Guo-Ping%3BGraham%2C+David+E%3BLiang%2C+Liyuan%3BWullschleger%2C+Stan+D%3BGu%2C+Baohua&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Ziming&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.volume=214&rft.issue=&rft.spage=504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Pollution&rft.issn=02697491&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.envpol.2016.04.069 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methane; Biosynthesis; Methyl mercury; Bioaccumulation; Soils; Pollution effects; Permafrost; Mercury; Food webs; Sugar; Wildlife; Climate; Soil temperature; Soils (organic); Aquatic ecosystems; Toxins; Soil; Carbon; Dimethylmercury; Feedback; Methylation; Pollution; Ethanol; Methylmercury; Degradation; Climate change; Temperature; Polar environments; Ecosystems; Arctic; PN, Arctic DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.069 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of downscaled high-resolution meteorological data on the PSCF identification of emission sources AN - 1808641149; PQ0003166252 AB - The Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) model has been successfully used for identifying regions of emission source at a long distance in this study, the PSCF model relies on backward trajectories calculated by the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. In this study, we investigated the impacts of grid resolution and Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) parameterization (e.g., turbulent transport of pollutants) on the PSCF analysis. The Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (MYJ) and Yonsei University (YUS) parameterization schemes were selected to model the turbulent transport in the PBL within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF version 3.6) model. Two separate domain grid sizes (83 and 27 km) were chosen in the WRF downscaling in generating the wind data for driving the HYSPLIT calculation. The effects of grid size and PBL parameterization are important in incorporating the influence of regional and local meteorological processes such as jet streaks, blocking patterns, Rossby waves, and terrain-induced convection on the transport of pollutants by a wind trajectory. We found high resolution PSCF did discover and locate source areas more precisely than that with lower resolution meteorological inputs. The lack of anticipated improvement could also be because a PBL scheme chosen to produce the WRF data was only a local parameterization and unable to faithfully duplicate the real atmosphere on a global scale. The MYJ scheme was able to replicate PSCF source identification by those using the Reanalysis and discover additional source areas that was not identified by the Reanalysis data. A potential benefit for using high-resolution wind data in the PSCF modeling is that it could discover new source location in addition to those identified by using the Reanalysis data input. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Cheng, Meng-Dawn AU - Kabela, Erik D AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA Y1 - 2016/07// PY - 2016 DA - July 2016 SP - 146 EP - 154 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 137 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Aerosol KW - Black carbon KW - Arctic KW - Climate change KW - WRF KW - Downscale KW - Rossby waves KW - Prediction KW - Convection KW - Meteorological data KW - Atmospheric pollution models KW - Pollution dispersion KW - Convection development KW - Atmosphere KW - Data reanalysis KW - Jet streaks KW - Pollutants KW - Hybrids KW - Emissions KW - Forecasting KW - Meteorology KW - Waves KW - Atmospheric boundary layer KW - Turbulent boundary layer KW - Wind KW - Modelling KW - Biological surveys KW - Weather KW - Planetary waves KW - Model Studies KW - Atmospheric turbulence KW - Boundary layers KW - Meteorological processes KW - Benefits KW - Wind data KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General KW - M2 551.509.1/.5:Forecasting (551.509.1/.5) KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808641149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Effects+of+downscaled+high-resolution+meteorological+data+on+the+PSCF+identification+of+emission+sources&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Meng-Dawn%3BKabela%2C+Erik+D&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=Meng-Dawn&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=&rft.spage=146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.atmosenv.2016.04.043 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Convection; Prediction; Biological surveys; Pollutants; Planetary waves; Pollution dispersion; Turbulent boundary layer; Wind data; Modelling; Atmospheric turbulence; Rossby waves; Meteorological data; Atmospheric pollution models; Meteorological processes; Convection development; Atmospheric boundary layer; Data reanalysis; Jet streaks; Weather; Hybrids; Boundary layers; Emissions; Waves; Meteorology; Atmosphere; Wind; Forecasting; Benefits; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.043 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Filling in the GAPS: evaluating completeness and coverage of open-access biodiversity databases in the United States AN - 1808640042; PQ0003485567 AB - Primary biodiversity data constitute observations of particular species at given points in time and space. Open-access electronic databases provide unprecedented access to these data, but their usefulness in characterizing species distributions and patterns in biodiversity depend on how complete species inventories are at a given survey location and how uniformly distributed survey locations are along dimensions of time, space, and environment. Our aim was to compare completeness and coverage among three open-access databases representing ten taxonomic groups (amphibians, birds, freshwater bivalves, crayfish, freshwater fish, fungi, insects, mammals, plants, and reptiles) in the contiguous United States. We compiled occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), and federally administered fish surveys (FFS). We aggregated occurrence records by 0.1 degree 0.1 degree grid cells and computed three completeness metrics to classify each grid cell as well-surveyed or not. Next, we compared frequency distributions of surveyed grid cells to background environmental conditions in a GIS and performed Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to quantify coverage through time, along two spatial gradients, and along eight environmental gradients. The three databases contributed >13.6 million reliable occurrence records distributed among >190,000 grid cells. The percent of well-surveyed grid cells was substantially lower for GBIF (5.2%) than for systematic surveys (BBS and FFS; 82.5%). Still, the large number of GBIF occurrence records produced at least 250 well-surveyed grid cells for six of nine taxonomic groups. Coverages of systematic surveys were less biased across spatial and environmental dimensions but were more biased in temporal coverage compared to GBIF data. GBIF coverages also varied among taxonomic groups, consistent with commonly recognized geographic, environmental, and institutional sampling biases. This comprehensive assessment of biodiversity data across the contiguous United States provides a prioritization scheme to fill in the gaps by contributing existing occurrence records to the public domain and planning future surveys. Open-access databases provide unprecedented access to primary biodiversity data, but their usefulness in characterizing species distributions and patterns in biodiversity depend on how complete species inventories are at a given survey location and how uniformly distributed survey locations are along dimensions of time, space, and environment. Our aim was to compare completeness and coverage among three open-access databases representing ten taxonomic groups in the contiguous United States. This comprehensive assessment of biodiversity data across the contiguous United States provides a prioritization scheme to fill in the gaps by contributing existing occurrence records to the public domain and planning future surveys. JF - Ecology and Evolution AU - Troia, Matthew J AU - McManamay, Ryan A AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 7831. Y1 - 2016/07// PY - 2016 DA - July 2016 SP - 4654 EP - 4669 PB - Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. VL - 6 IS - 14 SN - 2045-7758, 2045-7758 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Reptiles KW - Mammals KW - Amphibiotic species KW - Ecological distribution KW - Cambaridae KW - Plant breeding KW - Biological diversity KW - Biodiversity KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Environmental factors KW - Coverage KW - Breeding KW - Sampling KW - Aquatic insects KW - Data bases KW - Inventories KW - Data processing KW - Freshwater environments KW - Fungi KW - Amphibians KW - Insects KW - Databases KW - USA KW - Freshwater organisms KW - Taxonomy KW - Fish KW - Geographic information systems KW - Environmental conditions KW - O 6040:Mining and Dredging Operations KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - ENA 19:Water Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808640042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Filling+in+the+GAPS%3A+evaluating+completeness+and+coverage+of+open-access+biodiversity+databases+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Troia%2C+Matthew+J%3BMcManamay%2C+Ryan+A&rft.aulast=Troia&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=4654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecology+and+Evolution&rft.issn=20457758&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fece3.2225 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amphibiotic species; Fungi; Ecological distribution; Biodiversity; Fish; Environmental conditions; Freshwater fish; Environmental factors; Aquatic insects; Inventories; Databases; Coverage; Data processing; Freshwater environments; Plant breeding; Geographic information systems; Sampling; Reptiles; Mammals; Amphibians; Biological diversity; Insects; Breeding; Taxonomy; Freshwater organisms; Data bases; Cambaridae; USA; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2225 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation-Guided 3D Nanomanufacturing via Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition. AN - 1800407657; 27284689 AB - Focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) is one of the few techniques that enables direct-write synthesis of free-standing 3D nanostructures. While the fabrication of simple architectures such as vertical or curving nanowires has been achieved by simple trial and error, processing complex 3D structures is not tractable with this approach. In part, this is due to the dynamic interplay between electron-solid interactions and the transient spatial distribution of absorbed precursor molecules on the solid surface. Here, we demonstrate the ability to controllably deposit 3D lattice structures at the micro/nanoscale, which have received recent interest owing to superior mechanical and optical properties. A hybrid Monte Carlo-continuum simulation is briefly overviewed, and subsequently FEBID experiments and simulations are directly compared. Finally, a 3D computer-aided design (CAD) program is introduced, which generates the beam parameters necessary for FEBID by both simulation and experiment. Using this approach, we demonstrate the fabrication of various 3D lattice structures using Pt-, Au-, and W-based precursors. JF - ACS nano AU - Fowlkes, Jason D AU - Winkler, Robert AU - Lewis, Brett B AU - Stanford, Michael G AU - Plank, Harald AU - Rack, Philip D AD - Nanofabrication Research Laboratory, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. ; Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy , Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria. ; Materials Science and Engineering Department, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States. Y1 - 2016/06/28/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Jun 28 SP - 6163 EP - 6172 VL - 10 IS - 6 KW - Index Medicus KW - direct-write KW - 3D nanoprinting KW - nanofabrication KW - focused electron beam induced deposition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1800407657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+nano&rft.atitle=Simulation-Guided+3D+Nanomanufacturing+via+Focused+Electron+Beam+Induced+Deposition.&rft.au=Fowlkes%2C+Jason+D%3BWinkler%2C+Robert%3BLewis%2C+Brett+B%3BStanford%2C+Michael+G%3BPlank%2C+Harald%3BRack%2C+Philip+D&rft.aulast=Fowlkes&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2016-06-28&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=6163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+nano&rft.issn=1936-086X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facsnano.6b02108 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b02108 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Atomic Sandblasters Could Replace Silicon AN - 1799114729 JF - Breaking Energy AU - Ron Walli, Science Writer | Oak Ridge National Laboratory Y1 - 2016/06/23/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Jun 23 CY - New York PB - SyndiGate Media Inc KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1799114729?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aabitrade&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Breaking+Energy&rft.atitle=Atomic+Sandblasters+Could+Replace+Silicon&rft.au=Ron+Walli%2C+Science+Writer+%3B+Oak+Ridge+National+Laboratory&rft.aulast=Ron+Walli&rft.aufirst=Science+Writer+%7C+Oak+Ridge+National&rft.date=2016-06-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Breaking+Energy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright © 2016 Breaking Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Provided by SyndiGate Media Inc. (Syndigate.info). N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global Isotope Metabolomics Reveals Adaptive Strategies for Nitrogen Assimilation. AN - 1797866965; 27045776 AB - Nitrogen cycling is a microbial metabolic process essential for global ecological/agricultural balance. To investigate the link between the well-established ammonium and the alternative nitrate assimilation metabolic pathways, global isotope metabolomics was employed to examine three nitrate reducing bacteria using (15)NO3 as a nitrogen source. In contrast to a control (Pseudomonas stutzeri RCH2), the results show that two of the isolates from Oak Ridge, Tennessee (Pseudomonas N2A2 and N2E2) utilize nitrate and ammonia for assimilation concurrently with differential labeling observed across multiple classes of metabolites including amino acids and nucleotides. The data reveal that the N2A2 and N2E2 strains conserve nitrogen-containing metabolites, indicating that the nitrate assimilation pathway is a conservation mechanism for the assimilation of nitrogen. Co-utilization of nitrate and ammonia is likely an adaption to manage higher levels of nitrite since the denitrification pathways utilized by the N2A2 and N2E2 strains from the Oak Ridge site are predisposed to the accumulation of the toxic nitrite. The use of global isotope metabolomics allowed for this adaptive strategy to be investigated, which would otherwise not have been possible to decipher. JF - ACS chemical biology AU - Kurczy, Michael E AU - Forsberg, Erica M AU - Thorgersen, Michael P AU - Poole, Farris L AU - Benton, H Paul AU - Ivanisevic, Julijana AU - Tran, Minerva L AU - Wall, Judy D AU - Elias, Dwayne A AU - Adams, Michael W W AU - Siuzdak, Gary AD - Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States. ; Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne , Rue du Bugnon 19, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States. ; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. Y1 - 2016/06/17/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Jun 17 SP - 1677 EP - 1685 VL - 11 IS - 6 KW - Index Medicus UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1797866965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+chemical+biology&rft.atitle=Global+Isotope+Metabolomics+Reveals+Adaptive+Strategies+for+Nitrogen+Assimilation.&rft.au=Kurczy%2C+Michael+E%3BForsberg%2C+Erica+M%3BThorgersen%2C+Michael+P%3BPoole%2C+Farris+L%3BBenton%2C+H+Paul%3BIvanisevic%2C+Julijana%3BTran%2C+Minerva+L%3BWall%2C+Judy+D%3BElias%2C+Dwayne+A%3BAdams%2C+Michael+W+W%3BSiuzdak%2C+Gary&rft.aulast=Kurczy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2016-06-17&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+chemical+biology&rft.issn=1554-8937&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facschembio.6b00082 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.6b00082 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-pressure behavior of the polymorphs of FeOOH AN - 1819895259; 2016-079209 AB - The high-pressure structural and electronic behavior of alpha -, beta -, and gamma -FeOOH were studied in situ using a combination of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). We monitored alpha -FeOOH by XES as a function of pressure up to 85 GPa and observed an electronic spin transition that began at approximately 50 GPa, which is consistent with previous results. In the gamma -FeOOH sample, we see the initiation of a spin transition at 35 GPa that remains incomplete up to 65 GPa. beta -FeOOH does not show any indication of a spin transition up to 65 GPa. Analysis of the high-pressure XRD data shows that neither beta -FeOOH nor gamma -FeOOH transform to new crystal structures, and both amorphize above 20 GPa. Comparing our EOS results for the beta and gamma phases with recently published data on the alpha and epsilon phases, we found that beta -FeOOH exhibits distinct behavior from the other three polymorphs, as it is significantly less compressible and does not undergo a spin transition. A systematic examination of these iron hydroxide polymorphs as a function of pressure can provide insight into the relationship between electronic spin transitions and structural transitions in these OH- and Fe (super 3+) -bearing phases that may have implications on our understanding of the water content and oxidation state of the mantle. JF - American Mineralogist AU - Reagan, Mary M AU - Gleason, Arianna E AU - Daemen, Luke AU - Xiao, Yuming AU - Mao, Wendy L Y1 - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DA - June 2016 SP - 1483 EP - 1488 PB - Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC VL - 101 IS - 6 SN - 0003-004X, 0003-004X KW - water KW - pressure KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - mantle KW - phase transitions KW - crystal structure KW - high pressure KW - X-ray spectra KW - iron hydroxides KW - iron KW - hydroxides KW - hydroxyl ion KW - ferric iron KW - polymorphism KW - metals KW - oxides KW - spectra KW - electronic spin transitions KW - 17B:Geophysics of minerals and rocks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1819895259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Mineralogist&rft.atitle=High-pressure+behavior+of+the+polymorphs+of+FeOOH&rft.au=Reagan%2C+Mary+M%3BGleason%2C+Arianna+E%3BDaemen%2C+Luke%3BXiao%2C+Yuming%3BMao%2C+Wendy+L&rft.aulast=Reagan&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Mineralogist&rft.issn=0003004X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2138%2Fam-2016-5449 L2 - http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/TOC/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, copyright, Mineralogical Society of America | Reference includes data from GeoScienceWorld, Alexandria, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - CODEN - AMMIAY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - crystal structure; electronic spin transitions; ferric iron; high pressure; hydroxides; hydroxyl ion; iron; iron hydroxides; mantle; metals; oxides; phase transitions; polymorphism; pressure; spectra; water; X-ray diffraction data; X-ray spectra DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2016-5449 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Titania Composites with 2D Transition Metal Carbides as Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production under Visible-Light Irradiation AN - 1808655051; PQ0003391162 AB - MXenes, a family of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides, were successfully demonstrated as co-catalysts with rutile TiO sub(2) for visible-light-induced solar hydrogen production from water splitting. The physicochemical properties of Ti sub(3)C sub(2)T sub(x) MXene coupled with TiO sub(2) were investigated by a variety of characterization techniques. The effect of the Ti sub(3)C sub(2)T sub(x) loading on the photocatalytic performance of the TiO sub(2)/Ti sub(3)C sub(2 )T sub(x) composites was elucidated. With an optimized Ti sub(3)C sub(2)T sub(x) content of 5wt%, the TiO sub(2)/Ti sub(3)C sub(2 )T sub(x) composite shows a 400% enhancement in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction compared with that of pure rutile TiO sub(2). We also expanded our exploration to other MXenes (Nb sub(2)CT sub(x) and Ti sub(2)CT sub(x)) as co-catalysts coupled with TiO sub(2), and these materials also exhibited enhanced hydrogen production. These results manifest the generality of MXenes as effective co-catalysts for solar hydrogen production. Carbide composite co-catalyst: MXene (2D transition-metal carbide) co-catalysts are coupled with TiO sub(2) in composite materials to enhance visible-light-induced photocatalytic hydrogen production. The work provides insights into the photocatalytic mechanism of the composite, demonstrating that MXenes in general can be employed as effective co-catalysts to assist TiO sub(2) for solar hydrogen production. JF - ChemSusChem AU - Wang, Hui AU - Peng, Rui AU - Hood, Zachary D AU - Naguib, Michael AU - Adhikari, Shiba P AU - Wu, Zili AD - Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. Y1 - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DA - June 2016 SP - 1490 EP - 1497 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD United Kingdom VL - 9 IS - 12 SN - 1864-5631, 1864-5631 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Metals KW - Composite materials KW - Physicochemical Properties KW - Irradiation KW - Rutile KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Exploration KW - Hydrogen KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09183:Physics and chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808655051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ChemSusChem&rft.atitle=Titania+Composites+with+2D+Transition+Metal+Carbides+as+Photocatalysts+for+Hydrogen+Production+under+Visible-Light+Irradiation&rft.au=Wang%2C+Hui%3BPeng%2C+Rui%3BHood%2C+Zachary+D%3BNaguib%2C+Michael%3BAdhikari%2C+Shiba+P%3BWu%2C+Zili&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Hui&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1490&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ChemSusChem&rft.issn=18645631&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fcssc.201600165 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Composite materials; Physicochemical properties; Rutile; Hydrogen; Metals; Physicochemical Properties; Irradiation; Exploration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201600165 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal and flow-driven dynamics of particulate and dissolved mercury and methylmercury in a stream impacted by an industrial mercury source AN - 1808653307; PQ0003176615 AB - Sediments and floodplain soils in the East Fork Poplar Creek watershed (Oak Ridge, TN, USA) are contaminated with high levels of mercury (Hg) from an industrial source at the headwaters. Although baseflow conditions have been monitored, concentrations of Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) during high-flow storm events, when the stream is more hydrologically connected to the floodplain, have yet to be assessed. The present study evaluated baseflow and event-driven Hg and MeHg dynamics in East Fork Poplar Creek, 5km upstream of the confluence with Poplar Creek, to determine the importance of hydrology to in-stream concentrations and downstream loads and to ascertain whether the dynamics are comparable to those of systems without an industrial Hg source. Particulate Hg and MeHg were positively correlated with discharge (r super(2)=0.64 and 0.58, respectively) and total suspended sediment (r super(2)=0.97 and 0.89, respectively), and dissolved Hg also increased with increasing flow (r super(2)=0.18) and was associated with increases in dissolved organic carbon (r super(2)=0.65), similar to the dynamics observed in uncontaminated systems. Dissolved MeHg decreased with increases in discharge (r super(2)=0.23) and was not related to dissolved organic carbon concentrations (p=0.56), dynamics comparable to relatively uncontaminated watersheds with a small percentage of wetlands (<10%). Although stormflows exert a dominant control on particulate Hg, particulate MeHg, and dissolved Hg concentrations and loads, baseflows were associated with the highest dissolved MeHg concentration (0.38ng/L) and represented the majority of the annual dissolved MeHg load. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016; 35:1386-1400. Published 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work, and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Riscassi, Ami AU - Miller, Carrie AU - Brooks, Scott AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DA - June 2016 SP - 1386 EP - 1400 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, Commerce Pl, 350 Main St Maiden MA 02148 United States VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - USA, Tennesee, Poplar Creek KW - Particulates KW - Watersheds KW - Storms KW - Streams KW - Resuspended sediments KW - Soil KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Dimethylmercury KW - Upstream KW - Hydrology KW - Downstream KW - Wetlands KW - Dissolved organic carbon KW - Seasonal variations KW - Methylmercury KW - USA Tennessee, Oak Ridge, East Fork Poplar Creek KW - Sediments KW - USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge KW - USA KW - Flood plains KW - Mercury KW - X 24360:Metals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808653307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Seasonal+and+flow-driven+dynamics+of+particulate+and+dissolved+mercury+and+methylmercury+in+a+stream+impacted+by+an+industrial+mercury+source&rft.au=Riscassi%2C+Ami%3BMiller%2C+Carrie%3BBrooks%2C+Scott&rft.aulast=Riscassi&rft.aufirst=Ami&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fetc.3310 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Dimethylmercury; Hydrology; Mercury; Wetlands; Dissolved organic carbon; Watersheds; Streams; Sediments; Methylmercury; Particulates; Storms; Resuspended sediments; Flood plains; Sulfur dioxide; Upstream; Downstream; Seasonal variations; USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge; USA Tennessee, Oak Ridge, East Fork Poplar Creek; USA; USA, Tennesee, Poplar Creek DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3310 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A fish-eye view of riverine hydropower systems: the current understanding of the biological response to turbine passage AN - 1790929653; PQ0003134123 AB - One-way connectivity maintained by fish passing through hydropower turbines in fragmented rivers can be important to population dynamics, but can also introduce a new and significant source of mortality. Sources of mortality during turbine passage can come from several sources including blade strike, shear forces, cavitation, or pressure decreases and parsing the contributions of these individual forces is important for advancing and deploying turbines that minimize these impacts to fishes. We used a national hydropower database and conducted a systematic review of the literature to accomplish three goals: (1) report on the spatial distribution of turbine types and generation capacities in the USA, (2) determine fish mortality rates among turbine types and fish species and (3) examine relationships between physical forces similar to those encountered during fish turbine passage and fish injury and mortality. We found that while Francis turbines generate 56 % of all US hydropower and have the highest associated fish mortality of any turbine type, these turbines are proportionally understudied compared to less-common and less injury-associated Kaplan turbines, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. While juvenile salmonid species in actual or simulated Kaplan turbine conditions were the most commonly studied, the highest mortality rates were reported from percid fishes passing through Francis turbines. Future studies should focus on understanding which species are most at-risk to turbine passage injury and mortality and, subsequently, increasing the diversity of taxonomy and turbine types in evaluations of turbine injury and mortality. JF - Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries AU - Pracheil, Brenda M AU - DeRolph, C R AU - Schramm, M P AU - Bevelhimer AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6036, USA, pracheilbm@ornl.gov Y1 - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DA - June 2016 SP - 153 EP - 167 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0960-3166, 0960-3166 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Rivers KW - Marine fisheries KW - Marine KW - Mortality KW - Spatial distribution KW - Injuries KW - Anadromous species KW - Population dynamics KW - INE, USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Databases KW - Turbines KW - Salmon fisheries KW - Literature reviews KW - Cavitation KW - Inland fisheries KW - Fisheries KW - Taxonomy KW - Salmonidae KW - Pressure KW - Mortality causes KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08442:Population dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1790929653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+in+Fish+Biology+and+Fisheries&rft.atitle=A+fish-eye+view+of+riverine+hydropower+systems%3A+the+current+understanding+of+the+biological+response+to+turbine+passage&rft.au=Pracheil%2C+Brenda+M%3BDeRolph%2C+C+R%3BSchramm%2C+M+P%3BBevelhimer&rft.aulast=Pracheil&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+in+Fish+Biology+and+Fisheries&rft.issn=09603166&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11160-015-9416-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine fisheries; Salmon fisheries; Turbines; Cavitation; Injuries; Anadromous species; Inland fisheries; Fisheries; Population dynamics; Mortality causes; Rivers; Databases; Mortality; Literature reviews; Spatial distribution; Taxonomy; Pressure; Salmonidae; INE, USA, Pacific Northwest; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-015-9416-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment and interpretation of internal doses: uncertainty and variability. AN - 1789032684; 27044362 AB - Internal doses are calculated on the basis of knowledge of intakes and/or measurements of activity in bioassay samples, typically using reference biokinetic and dosimetric models recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). These models describe the behaviour of the radionuclides after ingestion, inhalation, and absorption to the blood, and the absorption of the energy resulting from their nuclear transformations. They are intended to be used mainly for the purpose of radiological protection: that is, optimisation and demonstration of compliance with dose limits. These models and parameter values are fixed by convention and are not subject to uncertainty. Over the past few years, ICRP has devoted a considerable amount of effort to the revision and improvement of models to make them more physiologically realistic. ICRP models are now sufficiently sophisticated for calculating organ and tissue absorbed doses for scientific purposes, and in many other areas, including toxicology, pharmacology and medicine. In these specific cases, uncertainties in parameters and variability between individuals need to be taken into account. JF - Annals of the ICRP AU - Paquet, F AU - Bailey, M R AU - Leggett, R W AU - Harrison, J D AD - Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Direction de la Stratégie, du développement et des partenariats, Service des programmes stratégiques, Saint Paul Lez Durance 13115, France francois.paquet@irsn.fr. ; Retired from Health Protection Agency, UK. ; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA. ; Oxford Brookes University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, UK. Y1 - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DA - June 2016 SP - 202 EP - 214 VL - 45 IS - 1 Suppl KW - Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Uncertainty KW - Biokinetic model KW - Internal dosimetry KW - Humans KW - International Agencies KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Radiation Exposure KW - Radioisotopes -- metabolism KW - Radiation Protection KW - Radiometry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1789032684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+ICRP&rft.atitle=Assessment+and+interpretation+of+internal+doses%3A+uncertainty+and+variability.&rft.au=Paquet%2C+F%3BBailey%2C+M+R%3BLeggett%2C+R+W%3BHarrison%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Paquet&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1+Suppl&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+ICRP&rft.issn=1872-969X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0146645316633595 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2017-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2016-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146645316633595 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influences and interactions of inundation, peat, and snow on active layer thickness AN - 1873350963; 2017-015188 AB - Active layer thickness (ALT), the uppermost layer of soil that thaws on an annual basis, is a direct control on the amount of organic carbon potentially available for decomposition and release to the atmosphere as carbon-rich Arctic permafrost soils thaw in a warming climate. We investigate how key site characteristics affect ALT using an integrated surface/subsurface permafrost thermal hydrology model. ALT is most sensitive to organic layer thickness followed by snow depth but is relatively insensitive to the amount of water on the landscape with other conditions held fixed. The weak ALT sensitivity to subsurface saturation suggests that changes in Arctic landscape hydrology may only have a minor effect on future ALT. However, surface inundation amplifies the sensitivities to the other parameters and under large snowpacks can trigger the formation of near-surface taliks. Abstract Copyright Published 2016. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the United States of America. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Atchley, Adam L AU - Coon, Ethan T AU - Painter, Scott L AU - Harp, Dylan R AU - Wilson, Cathy J Y1 - 2016/05/28/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 May 28 SP - 5116 EP - 5123 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 43 IS - 10 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - United States KW - permafrost KW - degradation KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - simulation KW - environmental analysis KW - Barrow Alaska KW - air pollution KW - volatilization KW - water-rock interaction KW - carbon KW - snow KW - sediments KW - floods KW - thickness KW - organic carbon KW - taliks KW - gaseous phase KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - thawing KW - models KW - peat KW - organic compounds KW - saturation KW - Alaska KW - active layer KW - 23:Geomorphology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1873350963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Influences+and+interactions+of+inundation%2C+peat%2C+and+snow+on+active+layer+thickness&rft.au=Atchley%2C+Adam+L%3BCoon%2C+Ethan+T%3BPainter%2C+Scott+L%3BHarp%2C+Dylan+R%3BWilson%2C+Cathy+J&rft.aulast=Atchley&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.date=2016-05-28&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=5116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2016GL068550 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291944-8007/issues LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 60 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-02 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - active layer; air pollution; Alaska; atmospheric precipitation; Barrow Alaska; carbon; degradation; environmental analysis; floods; gaseous phase; models; organic carbon; organic compounds; peat; permafrost; pollutants; pollution; saturation; sediments; simulation; snow; taliks; thawing; thickness; United States; volatilization; water-rock interaction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068550 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glass-water interaction; effect of high valence cations on glass structure and chemical durability AN - 1800392429; 2016-056405 AB - Borosilicate glass is a durable solid, but it dissolves when in contact with aqueous fluids. The dissolution mechanism, which involves a variety of sequential reactions that occur at the solid-fluid interface, has important implications for the corrosion resistance of industrial and nuclear waste glasses. In this study, spectroscopic measurements, dissolution experiments, and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to investigate the effect of high-valence cations (HVC) on the mechanisms of glass dissolution under dilute and near-saturated conditions. Raman and NMR spectroscopy were used to determine the structural changes that occur in glass, specifically network formers (e.g., Al, Si, and B), with the addition of the HVC element hafnium in the Na (sub 2) O-Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) -B (sub 2) O (sub 3) -HfO (sub 2) -SiO (sub 2) system (e.g., Na/[Al + B] = 1.0 and HfO (sub 2) /SiO (sub 2) from 0.0 to 0.42). Spectroscopic measurements revealed that increasing hafnium content decreases N (sub 4) (tetrahedral boron/total boron) and increases the amount of Si-O-Hf moieties in the glass. Results from flow-through experiments conducted under dilute and near-saturated conditions show a decrease of approximately 100X or more in the dissolution rate over the series from 0 to 20 mol% HfO (sub 2) . Comparing the average steady-state rates obtained under dilute conditions to the rates obtained for near-saturated conditions reveals a divergence in the magnitude between the average steady state rates measured in these different conditions. The reason for this divergence was investigated more thoroughly using Monte Carlo simulations. Simulations indicate that the divergence in glass dissolution behavior under dilute and near-saturated conditions result from the stronger binding of Si sites that deposit on the surface from the influent when Hf is present in the glass. As a result, the residence time at the glass surface of these newly-formed Si sites is longer in the presence of Hf, which increases the density of anchor sites from which altered layers with higher Si densities can form. These results illustrate the importance of understanding solid-water/solid-fluid interactions by linking macroscopic reaction kinetics to nanometer scale interfacial processes. Abstract Copyright (2016) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Hopf, J AU - Kerisit, S N AU - Angeli, F AU - Charpentier, T AU - Icenhower, J P AU - McGrail, B P AU - Windisch, C F AU - Burton, S D AU - Pierce, E M Y1 - 2016/05/15/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 May 15 SP - 54 EP - 71 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 181 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - silicates KW - volcanic rocks KW - oxygen KW - glasses KW - igneous rocks KW - buffers KW - mass spectra KW - fluid phase KW - crystal structure KW - silicon KW - NMR spectra KW - hafnium KW - chemical reactions KW - water-rock interaction KW - spectra KW - experimental studies KW - Monte Carlo analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - MAS NMR spectra KW - solid phase KW - ICP mass spectra KW - borosilicates KW - Raman spectra KW - metals KW - mathematical methods KW - crystal chemistry KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1800392429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Glass-water+interaction%3B+effect+of+high+valence+cations+on+glass+structure+and+chemical+durability&rft.au=Hopf%2C+J%3BKerisit%2C+S+N%3BAngeli%2C+F%3BCharpentier%2C+T%3BIcenhower%2C+J+P%3BMcGrail%2C+B+P%3BWindisch%2C+C+F%3BBurton%2C+S+D%3BPierce%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Hopf&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2016-05-15&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.gca.2016.02.023 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 113 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 7 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-30 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - borosilicates; buffers; chemical reactions; crystal chemistry; crystal structure; experimental studies; fluid phase; glasses; hafnium; ICP mass spectra; igneous rocks; MAS NMR spectra; mass spectra; mathematical methods; metals; Monte Carlo analysis; NMR spectra; oxygen; Raman spectra; silicates; silicon; solid phase; spectra; statistical analysis; volcanic rocks; water-rock interaction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.02.023 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural characterization of the virulence factor Sda1 nuclease from Streptococcus pyogenes. AN - 1787478341; 26969731 AB - Infection by Group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) is a leading cause of severe invasive disease in humans, including streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis. GAS infections lead to nearly 163,000 annual deaths worldwide. Hypervirulent strains of S. pyogenes have evolved a plethora of virulence factors that aid in disease-by promoting bacterial adhesion to host cells, subsequent invasion of deeper tissues and blocking the immune system's attempts to eradicate the infection. Expression and secretion of the extracellular nuclease Sda1 is advantageous for promoting bacterial dissemination throughout the host organism, and evasion of the host's innate immune response. Here we present two crystal structures of Sda1, as well as biochemical studies to address key structural features and surface residues involved in DNA binding and catalysis. In the active site, Asn211 is observed to directly chelate a hydrated divalent metal ion and Arg124, on the putative substrate binding loop, likely stabilizes the transition state during phosphodiester bond cleavage. These structures provide a foundation for rational drug design of small molecule inhibitors to be used in prevention of invasive streptococcal disease. JF - Nucleic acids research AU - Moon, Andrea F AU - Krahn, Juno M AU - Lu, Xun AU - Cuneo, Matthew J AU - Pedersen, Lars C AD - Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA moon@niehs.nih.gov. ; Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. ; Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. Y1 - 2016/05/05/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 May 05 SP - 3946 EP - 3957 VL - 44 IS - 8 KW - Index Medicus UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1787478341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+acids+research&rft.atitle=Structural+characterization+of+the+virulence+factor+Sda1+nuclease+from+Streptococcus+pyogenes.&rft.au=Moon%2C+Andrea+F%3BKrahn%2C+Juno+M%3BLu%2C+Xun%3BCuneo%2C+Matthew+J%3BPedersen%2C+Lars+C&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.date=2016-05-05&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3946&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+acids+research&rft.issn=1362-4962&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkw143 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000 Jul;13(3):470-511 [10885988] Sci Rep. 2015;5:15877 [26522788] Nat Med. 2002 Dec;8(12):1398-404 [12436116] EMBO J. 2003 Aug 1;22(15):4014-25 [12881435] Mol Microbiol. 2004 Jan;51(1):123-34 [14651616] Mol Microbiol. 2004 Oct;54(1):184-97 [15458415] J Mol Biol. 1990 Jun 20;213(4):727-38 [2359120] Lancet. 1992 Feb 29;339(8792):518-21 [1346879] Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Sep 1;25(17):3389-402 [9254694] Biochemistry. 1999 Aug 3;38(31):9948-55 [10433701] J Mol Biol. 1999 Sep 17;292(2):195-202 [10493868] J Bacteriol. 2005 May;187(10):3311-8 [15866915] J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 29;280(30):27990-7 [15897201] Lancet Infect Dis. 2005 Nov;5(11):685-94 [16253886] Curr Biol. 2006 Feb 21;16(4):396-400 [16488874] Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(2):584-94 [17175542] Semin Immunol. 2007 Aug;19(4):262-71 [17560120] Nat Med. 2007 Aug;13(8):981-5 [17632528] Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Oct;14(10):1511-7 [18826812] Protein Sci. 2010 May;19(5):901-13 [20196072] Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jul;38(Web Server issue):W545-9 [20457744] Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Apr;39(7):2943-53 [21113026] Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011 Oct;9(10):724-36 [21921933] Nat Methods. 2011;8(10):785-6 [21959131] Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Jan;40(2):928-38 [21948797] Chembiochem. 2012 Mar 19;13(5):713-21 [22344704] PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(6):e1002736 [22719247] Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jul;41(Web Server issue):W349-57 [23748958] Mol Microbiol. 2013 Aug;89(3):518-31 [23772975] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Dec;132(6):1420-6 [23915714] Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2014 Mar;21(3):253-60 [24487959] Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2014 Nov;70(Pt 11):2937-49 [25372684] Nat Genet. 2015 Jan;47(1):84-7 [25401300] Eur J Immunol. 2000 Nov;30(11):3247-55 [11093140] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw143 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the capacitive deionization process in dual-porosity electrodes AN - 1832646927; 778347-9 AB - In many areas of the world, there is a need to increase water availability. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an electrochemical water treatment process that can be a viable alternative for treating water and for saving energy. A model is presented to simulate the CDI process in heterogeneous porous media comprising two different pore sizes. It is based on a theory for capacitive charging by ideally polarizable porous electrodes without Faradaic reactions or specific adsorption of ions. A two steps volume averaging technique is used to derive the averaged transport equations in the limit of thin electrical double layers. A one-equation model based on the principle of local equilibrium is derived. The constraints determining the range of application of the one-equation model are presented. The effective transport parameters for isotropic porous media are calculated solving the corresponding closure problems. The source terms that appear in the average equations are calculated using theoretical derivations. The global diffusivity is calculated by solving the closure problem. Copyright 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Gabitto, Jorge AU - Tsouris, Costas Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 173 EP - 205 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 113 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - dual-porosity KW - electrodes KW - deionization KW - porous materials KW - equations KW - adsorption KW - simulation KW - ions KW - porosity KW - models KW - heterogeneous materials KW - water treatment KW - capacitive deionization KW - diffusivity KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832646927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+capacitive+deionization+process+in+dual-porosity+electrodes&rft.au=Gabitto%2C+Jorge%3BTsouris%2C+Costas&rft.aulast=Gabitto&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-016-0688-9 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Number of references - 61 N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; capacitive deionization; deionization; diffusivity; dual-porosity; electrodes; equations; heterogeneous materials; ions; models; porosity; porous materials; simulation; water treatment DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-016-0688-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fabrication of ultrathin solid electrolyte membranes of beta -Li sub(3)PS sub(4) nanoflakes by evaporation-induced self-assembly for all-solid-state batteries AN - 1808712379; PQ0003194314 AB - All-solid-state lithium batteries are attractive candidates for next-generation energy storage devices because of their anticipated high energy density and intrinsic safety. Owing to their excellent ionic conductivity and stability with metallic lithium anodes, nanostructured lithium thiophosphate solid electrolytes such as beta -Li sub(3)PS sub(4) have found use in the fabrication of all-solid lithium batteries for large-scale energy storage systems. However, current methods for preparing air-sensitive solid electrolyte membranes of lithium thiophosphates can only generate thick membranes that compromise the battery's gravimetric/volumetric energy density and thus its rate performance. To overcome this limitation, the solid electrolyte's thickness needs to be effectively decreased to achieve ideal energy density and enhanced rate performance. Herein, we show that the evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) technique produces ultrathin membranes of a lithium thiophosphate solid electrolyte with controllable thicknesses between 8 and 50 mu m while maintaining the high ionic conductivity of beta -Li sub(3)PS sub(4) and stability with metallic lithium anodes up to 5 V. It is clearly demonstrated that this facile EISA approach allows for the preparation of ultrathin lithium thiophosphate solid electrolyte membranes for all-solid-state batteries. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Wang, Hui AU - Hood, Zachary D AU - Xia, Younan AU - Liang, Chengdu AD - Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge; TN 37831; USA Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 8091 EP - 8096 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 4 IS - 21 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Storage KW - Electrolytes KW - Membranes KW - Batteries KW - Energy KW - Safety KW - Lithium KW - Sustainability KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808712379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Fabrication+of+ultrathin+solid+electrolyte+membranes+of+beta+-Li+sub%283%29PS+sub%284%29+nanoflakes+by+evaporation-induced+self-assembly+for+all-solid-state+batteries&rft.au=Wang%2C+Hui%3BHood%2C+Zachary+D%3BXia%2C+Younan%3BLiang%2C+Chengdu&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Hui&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=8091&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ta02294d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Electrolytes; Membranes; Batteries; Energy; Safety; Sustainability; Lithium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta02294d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal trends in contaminant concentrations in Hexagenia nymphs following a coal ash spill at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Kingston Fossil Plant AN - 1787994755; PQ0002950694 AB - A dike failure at the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil Plant in East Tennessee, United States, in December 2008, released approximately 4.1 million m super(3) of coal ash into the Emory River. From 2009 through 2012, samples of mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia bilineata) were collected each spring from sites in the Emory, Clinch, and Tennessee Rivers upstream and downstream of the spill. Samples were analyzed for 17 metals. Concentrations of metals were generally highest the first 2 miles downstream of the spill, and then decreased with increasing distance from the spill. Arsenic, B, Ba, Be, Mo, Sb, Se, Sr, and V appeared to have strong ash signatures, whereas Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb appeared to be associated with ash and other sources. However, the concentrations for most of these contaminants were modest and are unlikely to cause widespread negative ecological effects. Trends in Hg, Cd, and Zn suggested little (Hg) or no (Cd, Zn) association with ash. Temporal trends suggested that concentrations of ash-related contaminants began to subside after 2010, but because of the limited time period of that analysis (4yr), further monitoring is needed to verify this trend. The present study provides important information on the magnitude of contaminant exposure to aquatic receptors from a major coal ash spill, as well as spatial and temporal trends for transport of the associated contaminants in a large open watershed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016; 35:1159-1171. Published 2015 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Smith, John G AU - Baker, Tyler F AU - Murphy, Cheryl A AU - Jett, RTrent AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 1159 EP - 1171 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, Commerce Pl, 350 Main St Maiden MA 02148 United States VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Entomology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Copper KW - Coal KW - Hexagenia KW - Watersheds KW - Lead KW - Fossils KW - Zinc KW - Upstream KW - Downstream KW - Cadmium KW - Hexagenia bilineata KW - Rivers KW - Protein transport KW - Metals KW - Arsenic KW - Chromium KW - Ash KW - Valleys KW - USA, Tennessee KW - Contaminants KW - Z 05300:General KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - X 24360:Metals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1787994755?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+temporal+trends+in+contaminant+concentrations+in+Hexagenia+nymphs+following+a+coal+ash+spill+at+the+Tennessee+Valley+Authority%27s+Kingston+Fossil+Plant&rft.au=Smith%2C+John+G%3BBaker%2C+Tyler+F%3BMurphy%2C+Cheryl+A%3BJett%2C+RTrent&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fetc.3253 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Metals; Protein transport; Arsenic; Chromium; Coal; Copper; Watersheds; Lead; Fossils; Zinc; Cadmium; Contaminants; Pollution monitoring; Ash; Valleys; Upstream; Downstream; Hexagenia; Hexagenia bilineata; USA, Tennessee DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3253 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthetic Biology R&D Risks: Social-Institutional Contexts Matter! AN - 1787982761; PQ0002968314 AB - Factors that shape actual research practices - 'social and institutional context' - typically are missing from considerations of synthetic biology R&D-related risk and containment. We argue that analyzing context is essential in identifying circumstances that create, amplify, or diminish risk, and in revealing new opportunities for avoiding or managing those risks. JF - Trends in Biotechnology AU - Wolfe, Amy K AU - Campa, Maria Fernanda AU - Bergmann, Rachael A AU - Stelling, Savannah C AU - Bjornstad, David J AU - Shumpert, Barry L AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6038, USA Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 353 EP - 356 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0167-7799, 0167-7799 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - synthetic biology KW - risk KW - R� social and institutional context KW - containment KW - Reviews KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1787982761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Synthetic+Biology+R%26amp%3BD+Risks%3A+Social-Institutional+Contexts+Matter%21&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+Amy+K%3BCampa%2C+Maria+Fernanda%3BBergmann%2C+Rachael+A%3BStelling%2C+Savannah+C%3BBjornstad%2C+David+J%3BShumpert%2C+Barry+L&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01677799&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.tibtech.2016.01.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.01.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using landscape typologies to model socioecological systems: Application to agriculture of the United States Gulf Coast AN - 1785243480; PQ0002919595 AB - The complexity of socioecological systems (SES) has posed a persistent challenge to the development of methods for diagnostic and prognostic analyses of global change. We developed a high dimensional statistical framework where cluster analysis was used to characterize regional landscape typologies and those typologies are linked to the outcome of interest through regression modeling. For demonstration, we applied the framework to agroecosystem of the United States Gulf Coast to evaluate the determinants of spatial variability in crop yield. Regional biophysical typologies (BPT; integrated climate, soil, and topography clusters) and socioecological typologies (SET; BPT combined with socioeconomic clusters) were developed. The SET corn model (R2 = 0.89) outperformed the BPT corn model (R2 = 0.72) and a county fixed-effect model (R2 = 0.53), which reflects the socioeconomic influence over agricultural productivity. The SET model also showed similar predictive skill for soybean and cotton yield. Therefore impact analysis for agroecosystems can lead to incorrect conclusions if biophysical factors are not examined jointly with socioeconomic factors. JF - Environmental Modelling & Software AU - Surendran Nair, Sujithkumar AU - Preston, Benjamin L AU - King, Anthony W AU - Mei, Rui AD - Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN 37831-6253, USA Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 85 EP - 95 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 79 SN - 1364-8152, 1364-8152 KW - Environment Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Socioecological systems KW - Landscape typology KW - Socioecological typology KW - High-dimensional statistics KW - Agroecosystem KW - Adaptive capacity KW - Prediction KW - Agriculture KW - Typology KW - Cotton KW - Agricultural production KW - Socioeconomics KW - Gulfs KW - Crop Yield KW - Soil KW - Spatial variations KW - Computer programs KW - Corn KW - Soils KW - Coasts KW - Topography KW - Modelling KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Landscape KW - Crop yield KW - Impact analysis KW - ASW, USA, Gulf Coast KW - Model Studies KW - Soybeans KW - USA KW - Coastal zone KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - SW 0810:General KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1785243480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software&rft.atitle=Using+landscape+typologies+to+model+socioecological+systems%3A+Application+to+agriculture+of+the+United+States+Gulf+Coast&rft.au=Surendran+Nair%2C+Sujithkumar%3BPreston%2C+Benjamin+L%3BKing%2C+Anthony+W%3BMei%2C+Rui&rft.aulast=Surendran+Nair&rft.aufirst=Sujithkumar&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Modelling+%26+Software&rft.issn=13648152&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.envsoft.2016.01.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Spatial variations; Prediction; Typology; Soils; Modelling; Cotton; Agricultural production; Landscape; Climate; Crop yield; Socioeconomics; Impact analysis; Soil; Computer programs; Coastal zone; Corn; Topography; Climates; Gulfs; Soybeans; Crop Yield; Coasts; Model Studies; USA; ASW, USA, Gulf Coast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.01.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dispersal limitations on fish community recovery following long-term water quality remediation AN - 1780528460; PQ0002860011 AB - In-stream barriers may impose constraints on the ecological effectiveness of restoration strategies by limiting colonization. We assessed the importance of dispersal limitations to fish community recovery following long-term pollution abatement, water quality remediation, and species introductions within the White Oak Creek watershed near Oak Ridge, Tennessee (USA). Long-term (26 years) responses in fish species richness, biomass, and community composition to water quality remediation were evaluated in light of physical barriers (culverts and weirs). We found that barriers to dispersal were potentially limiting fish community recovery by preventing colonization by introduced species and seasonal migrants. Changes in richness were negatively related to barrier index, a measure of the degree of isolation by barriers. Following introductions, upstream passage for six fish species above non-passable barriers was not observed. Highly isolated sites were dominated by a few equilibrium species, whereas less isolated sites showed more variation in life history strategies with increasing periodic and opportunistic strategists. The importance of barriers on community dynamics decreased over time-an indication of increasing community stability, homogenization of fauna, and improved water quality. However, isolating the role of dispersal limitation was complicated by multiple interacting stressors, such as the compounding effects of barriers and pervasive water quality conditions. JF - Hydrobiologia AU - McManamay, Ryan A AU - Jett, Robert T AU - Ryon, Michael G AU - Gregory, Scott M AU - Stratton, Sally H AU - Peterson, Mark J AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008 MS6351, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA, mcmanamayra@ornl.gov Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 45 EP - 65 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 771 IS - 1 SN - 0018-8158, 0018-8158 KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Bioremediation KW - Barriers KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Restoration KW - Weirs KW - Colonization KW - Exotic Species KW - Seasonal variations KW - Species richness KW - Water Quality KW - Biomass KW - USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge KW - Community composition KW - Fish KW - Dispersal KW - Isolation KW - Streams KW - Fauna KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - History KW - Upstream KW - Pollution KW - Light effects KW - USA, Tennessee KW - Life history KW - Remediation KW - Introduced species KW - Pollution control KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - D 04070:Pollution KW - Y 25150:General/Miscellaneous KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1780528460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.atitle=Dispersal+limitations+on+fish+community+recovery+following+long-term+water+quality+remediation&rft.au=McManamay%2C+Ryan+A%3BJett%2C+Robert+T%3BRyon%2C+Michael+G%3BGregory%2C+Scott+M%3BStratton%2C+Sally+H%3BPeterson%2C+Mark+J&rft.aulast=McManamay&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=771&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hydrobiologia&rft.issn=00188158&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10750-015-2612-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Community composition; Barriers; Remediation; Watersheds; Introduced species; Water quality; Pollution control; Restoration; Life history; Dispersal; Biomass; Pollution; Species richness; Light effects; Bioremediation; Fauna; Sulfur dioxide; Upstream; Fish; Seasonal variations; Weirs; Exotic Species; History; Water Quality; Isolation; Streams; USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge; USA, Tennessee DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2612-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of thiols enrichment on Cr(VI) photo-reduction by natural organic matter (NOM). AN - 1775633487; 26946114 AB - Photochemical redox transformation of Cr(VI)-NOM complexes substantially affects transport and speciation of less toxic Cr(III) in natural waters. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study reported photochemical reactions of Cr(VI) with thiol-enriched NOM under acidic condition. More effective thiols enrichment in humic acid (HA) was observed than that in fulvic acid (FA), thereby resulting in a higher reduction capacity and faster rate of Cr(VI) photo-reduction. Chemical addition of sulfide to HA formed a large number of S-containing molecular formulae, which subsequently disappeared following reactions with Cr(VI) under solar irradiation. Cr(VI) photo-reduction in thiol-enriched HA consumed more S-containing formulae. Solar irradiation caused a rapid loss of the reduction capacities and thiol contents in HA and FA. All these findings can provide useful information for understanding the biogeochemical cycles of chromium and sulfur, and are also of environmental significance because they may partially account for photo-transformation of Cr(VI) when chromium enters into the aquatic environment as acidic industrial effluents. JF - Chemosphere AU - Luo, Hong-Wei AD - Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore. Electronic address: hwluo@ntu.edu.sg. Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 234 EP - 240 VL - 151 KW - Index Medicus KW - Thiols enrichment KW - Chromium KW - Natural organic matter KW - Photo-reduction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1775633487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Effect+of+thiols+enrichment+on+Cr%28VI%29+photo-reduction+by+natural+organic+matter+%28NOM%29.&rft.au=Luo%2C+Hong-Wei&rft.aulast=Luo&rft.aufirst=Hong-Wei&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=1879-1298&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2016.02.103 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-12-13 N1 - Date created - 2016-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-18 N1 - SuppNotes - Retraction In: Chemosphere. 2016 Oct;161:564 [27516054] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.103 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anaerobic Mercury Methylation and Demethylation by Geobacter bemidjiensis Bem. AN - 1782833096; 27019098 AB - Microbial methylation and demethylation are two competing processes controlling the net production and bioaccumulation of neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) in natural ecosystems. Although mercury (Hg) methylation by anaerobic microorganisms and demethylation by aerobic Hg-resistant bacteria have both been extensively studied, little attention has been given to MeHg degradation by anaerobic bacteria, particularly the iron-reducing bacterium Geobacter bemidjiensis Bem. Here we report, for the first time, that the strain G. bemidjiensis Bem can mediate a suite of Hg transformations, including Hg(II) reduction, Hg(0) oxidation, MeHg production and degradation under anoxic conditions. Results suggest that G. bemidjiensis utilizes a reductive demethylation pathway to degrade MeHg, with elemental Hg(0) as the major reaction product, possibly due to the presence of genes encoding homologues of an organomercurial lyase (MerB) and a mercuric reductase (MerA). In addition, the cells can strongly sorb Hg(II) and MeHg, reduce or oxidize Hg, resulting in both time and concentration-dependent Hg species transformations. Moderate concentrations (10-500 μM) of Hg-binding ligands such as cysteine enhance Hg(II) methylation but inhibit MeHg degradation. These findings indicate a cycle of Hg methylation and demethylation among anaerobic bacteria, thereby influencing net MeHg production in anoxic water and sediments. JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Lu, Xia AU - Liu, Yurong AU - Johs, Alexander AU - Zhao, Linduo AU - Wang, Tieshan AU - Yang, Ziming AU - Lin, Hui AU - Elias, Dwayne A AU - Pierce, Eric M AU - Liang, Liyuan AU - Barkay, Tamar AU - Gu, Baohua AD - School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, China. ; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. ; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. ; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States. Y1 - 2016/04/19/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Apr 19 SP - 4366 EP - 4373 VL - 50 IS - 8 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - mercuric reductase KW - EC 1.16.- KW - Lyases KW - EC 4.- KW - alkylmercury lyase KW - EC 4.99.1.2 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Cysteine -- chemistry KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Methylation KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- metabolism KW - Iron -- metabolism KW - Anaerobiosis KW - Lyases -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Mercury -- metabolism KW - Geobacter -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- chemistry KW - Mercury -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1782833096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Anaerobic+Mercury+Methylation+and+Demethylation+by+Geobacter+bemidjiensis+Bem.&rft.au=Lu%2C+Xia%3BLiu%2C+Yurong%3BJohs%2C+Alexander%3BZhao%2C+Linduo%3BWang%2C+Tieshan%3BYang%2C+Ziming%3BLin%2C+Hui%3BElias%2C+Dwayne+A%3BPierce%2C+Eric+M%3BLiang%2C+Liyuan%3BBarkay%2C+Tamar%3BGu%2C+Baohua&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Xia&rft.date=2016-04-19&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4366&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=1520-5851&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facs.est.6b00401 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-12-13 N1 - Date created - 2016-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00401 ER - TY - GEN T1 - This New Plastic Is 50% Renewable AN - 1782030113 JF - Breaking Energy AU - Dawn Levy |Oak Ridge National Laboratory Y1 - 2016/04/19/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Apr 19 CY - New York PB - SyndiGate Media Inc KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1782030113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aabitrade&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Breaking+Energy&rft.atitle=This+New+Plastic+Is+50%25+Renewable&rft.au=Dawn+Levy+%3BOak+Ridge+National+Laboratory&rft.aulast=Dawn+Levy+%7COak+Ridge+National+Laboratory&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2016-04-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Breaking+Energy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright © 2016 Breaking Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Provided by SyndiGate Media Inc. (Syndigate.info). N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-20 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probing plasmons in three dimensions by combining complementary spectroscopies in a scanning transmission electron microscope. AN - 1770876219; 26934391 AB - The nanoscale optical response of surface plasmons in three-dimensional metallic nanostructures plays an important role in many nanotechnology applications, where precise spatial and spectral characteristics of plasmonic elements control device performance. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and cathodoluminescence (CL) within a scanning transmission electron microscope have proven to be valuable tools for studying plasmonics at the nanoscale. Each technique has been used separately, producing three-dimensional reconstructions through tomography, often aided by simulations for complete characterization. Here we demonstrate that the complementary nature of the two techniques, namely that EELS probes beam-induced electronic excitations while CL probes radiative decay, allows us to directly obtain a spatially- and spectrally-resolved picture of the plasmonic characteristics of nanostructures in three dimensions. The approach enables nanoparticle-by-nanoparticle plasmonic analysis in three dimensions to aid in the design of diverse nanoplasmonic applications. JF - Nanotechnology AU - Hachtel, J A AU - Marvinney, C AU - Mouti, A AU - Mayo, D AU - Mu, R AU - Pennycook, S J AU - Lupini, A R AU - Chisholm, M F AU - Haglund, R F AU - Pantelides, S T AD - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37235, USA. Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. Y1 - 2016/04/15/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Apr 15 SP - 155202 VL - 27 IS - 15 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1770876219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nanotechnology&rft.atitle=Probing+plasmons+in+three+dimensions+by+combining+complementary+spectroscopies+in+a+scanning+transmission+electron+microscope.&rft.au=Hachtel%2C+J+A%3BMarvinney%2C+C%3BMouti%2C+A%3BMayo%2C+D%3BMu%2C+R%3BPennycook%2C+S+J%3BLupini%2C+A+R%3BChisholm%2C+M+F%3BHaglund%2C+R+F%3BPantelides%2C+S+T&rft.aulast=Hachtel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2016-04-15&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=155202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nanotechnology&rft.issn=1361-6528&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F0957-4484%2F27%2F15%2F155202 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-07-06 N1 - Date created - 2016-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/15/155202 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In situ mobility of uranium in the presence of nitrate following sulfate-reducing conditions AN - 1832596334; 772425-6 AB - Reoxidation and mobilization of previously reduced and immobilized uranium by dissolved-phase oxidants poses a significant challenge for remediating uranium-contaminated groundwater. Preferential oxidation of reduced sulfur-bearing species, as opposed to reduced uranium-bearing species, has been demonstrated to limit the mobility of uranium at the laboratory scale yet field-scale investigations are lacking. In this study, the mobility of uranium in the presence of nitrate oxidant was investigated in a shallow groundwater system after establishing conditions conducive to uranium reduction and the formation of reduced sulfur-bearing species. A series of three injections of groundwater (200 L) containing U(VI) (5 mu M) and amended with ethanol (40 mM) and sulfate (20 mM) were conducted in ten test wells in order to stimulate microbial-mediated reduction of uranium and the formation of reduced sulfur-bearing species. Simultaneous push-pull tests were then conducted in triplicate well clusters to investigate the mobility of U(VI) under three conditions: 1) high nitrate (120 mM), 2) high nitrate (120 mM) with ethanol (30 mM), and 3) low nitrate (2 mM) with ethanol (30 mM). Dilution-adjusted breakthrough curves of ethanol, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, and U(VI) suggested that nitrate reduction was predominantly coupled to the oxidation of reduced-sulfur bearing species, as opposed to the reoxidation of U(IV), under all three conditions for the duration of the 36-day tests. The amount of sulfate, but not U(VI), recovered during the push-pull tests was substantially more than injected, relative to bromide tracer, under all three conditions and further suggested that reduced sulfur-bearing species were preferentially oxidized under nitrate-reducing conditions. However, some reoxidation of U(IV) was observed under nitrate-reducing conditions and in the absence of detectable nitrate and/or nitrite. This suggested that reduced sulfur-bearing species may not be fully effective at limiting the mobility of uranium in the presence of dissolved and/or solid-phase oxidants. The results of this field study confirmed those of previous laboratory studies which suggested that reoxidation of uranium under nitrate-reducing conditions can be substantially limited by preferential oxidation of reduced sulfur-bearing species. Abstract Copyright (2016) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Journal of Contaminant Hydrology AU - Paradis, Charles J AU - Jagadamma, Sindhu AU - Watson, David B AU - McKay, Larry D AU - Hazen, Terry C AU - Park, Melora AU - Istok, Jonathan D Y1 - 2016/04// PY - 2016 DA - April 2016 SP - 55 EP - 64 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 187 SN - 0169-7722, 0169-7722 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - gas chromatograms KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - transport KW - Tennessee KW - alcohols KW - reduction KW - water pollution KW - Eh KW - Oak Ridge National Laboratory KW - in situ KW - sulfates KW - pollutants KW - oxidation KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - nitrates KW - bioremediation KW - ethanol KW - organic compounds KW - ion chromatograms KW - metals KW - chromatograms KW - bacteria KW - sulfur KW - uranium KW - mobilization KW - actinides KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832596334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.atitle=In+situ+mobility+of+uranium+in+the+presence+of+nitrate+following+sulfate-reducing+conditions&rft.au=Paradis%2C+Charles+J%3BJagadamma%2C+Sindhu%3BWatson%2C+David+B%3BMcKay%2C+Larry+D%3BHazen%2C+Terry+C%3BPark%2C+Melora%3BIstok%2C+Jonathan+D&rft.aulast=Paradis&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Contaminant+Hydrology&rft.issn=01697722&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jconhyd.2016.02.002 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01697722 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Number of references - 64 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; alcohols; bacteria; bioremediation; chromatograms; Eh; ethanol; gas chromatograms; ground water; in situ; ion chromatograms; metals; mobilization; nitrates; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; organic compounds; oxidation; pollutants; pollution; reduction; remediation; solute transport; solutes; sulfates; sulfur; Tennessee; transport; United States; uranium; water pollution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2016.02.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis of zeolites from a low-quality Colombian kaolin AN - 1819896526; 2016-081502 AB - At present, no production of zeolites is ongoing in Colombia; thus, because of the high demand in the industrial sector, approximately 2500 tons is imported annually from other countries such as Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, and the United States. In order minimize the need for these costly imports, the present study sought to evaluate the viability of producing low-silica zeolites through the hydrothermal synthesis of a Colombian kaolin, which contains quartz (40%) and iron-oxide impurities. The kaolin was subjected to a milling process to reduce the particle size to the order of 11 mu m, and was heat treated to transform it to metakaolin. Optimization of the synthesis variables (Na (sub 2) O/SiO (sub 2) and H (sub 2) O/Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) ratios, time, and temperature) was accomplished by applying an experimental design based on the 'Response Surface Methodology' technique. The degree of crystallinity and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) were used as response variables. The CEC was determined from the NTC 5167 standard. In addition, the mineralogical composition and the zeolite microstructure were evaluated using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results indicated that synthetic type A zeolites with a CEC value of 442 cmol(+)/kg can be obtained from the Colombian kaolin, with the following optimal processing conditions: Na (sub 2) O/SiO (sub 2) molar ratio of 2.7, H (sub 2) O/Al (sub 2) O (sub 3) molar ratio of 150, temperature = 66 degrees C, and processing time = 8 h. Note that this value (442 cmol(+)/kg) is greater than that reported for an imported commercial zeolite (408 cmol(+)/kg) of the same type, which is currently being used in industry in Colombia. The nationwide availability of the raw material and the quality of the final product present opportunities to make this material available to the Colombian market. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Villaquiran-Caicedo, Monica A AU - de Gutierrez, Ruby M AU - Gordillo, Marisol AU - Gallego, Nidia C Y1 - 2016/04// PY - 2016 DA - April 2016 SP - 75 EP - 85 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Chantilly, VA VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - silicates KW - experimental studies KW - clastic sediments KW - clay mineralogy KW - metakaolin KW - Colombia KW - samples KW - hydrothermal conditions KW - South America KW - sediments KW - zeolite group KW - kaolin KW - framework silicates KW - Valle del Cauca Colombia KW - synthesis KW - chemical composition KW - geochemistry KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1819896526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+zeolites+from+a+low-quality+Colombian+kaolin&rft.au=Villaquiran-Caicedo%2C+Monica+A%3Bde+Gutierrez%2C+Ruby+M%3BGordillo%2C+Marisol%3BGallego%2C+Nidia+C&rft.aulast=Villaquiran-Caicedo&rft.aufirst=Monica&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.issn=00098604&rft_id=info:doi/10.1346%2FCCMN.2016.0640201 L2 - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cms/ccm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, Copyright, Clay Minerals Society | Reference includes data from GeoScienceWorld, Alexandria, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - PubXState - VA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemical composition; clastic sediments; clay mineralogy; Colombia; experimental studies; framework silicates; geochemistry; hydrothermal conditions; kaolin; metakaolin; samples; sediments; silicates; South America; synthesis; Valle del Cauca Colombia; zeolite group DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2016.0640201 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defense of Cyber Infrastructures Against Cyber-Physical Attacks Using Game-Theoretic Models AN - 1787994163; PQ0002952920 AB - The operation of cyber infrastructures relies on both cyber and physical components, which are subject to incidental and intentional degradations of different kinds. Within the context of network and computing infrastructures, we study the strategic interactions between an attacker and a defender using game-theoretic models that take into account both cyber and physical components. The attacker and defender optimize their individual utilities, expressed as sums of cost and system terms. First, we consider a Boolean attack-defense model, wherein the cyber and physical subinfrastructures may be attacked and reinforced as individual units. Second, we consider a component attack-defense model wherein their components may be attacked and defended, and the infrastructure requires minimum numbers of both to function. We show that the Nash equilibrium under uniform costs in both cases is computable in polynomial time, and it provides high-level deterministic conditions for the infrastructure survival. When probabilities of successful attack and defense, and of incidental failures, are incorporated into the models, the results favor the attacker but otherwise remain qualitatively similar. This approach has been motivated and validated by our experiences with UltraScience Net infrastructure, which was built to support high-performance network experiments. The analytical results, however, are more general, and we apply them to simplified models of cloud and high-performance computing infrastructures. JF - Risk Analysis AU - Rao, Nageswara SV AU - Poole, Stephen W AU - Ma, Chris YT AU - He, Fei AU - Zhuang, Jun AU - Yau, David KY AD - Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Y1 - 2016/04// PY - 2016 DA - April 2016 SP - 694 EP - 710 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Infrastructure KW - Risk analysis KW - Game theory KW - Degradation KW - Survival KW - Utilities KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1787994163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Defense+of+Cyber+Infrastructures+Against+Cyber-Physical+Attacks+Using+Game-Theoretic+Models&rft.au=Rao%2C+Nageswara+SV%3BPoole%2C+Stephen+W%3BMa%2C+Chris+YT%3BHe%2C+Fei%3BZhuang%2C+Jun%3BYau%2C+David+KY&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=Nageswara&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=694&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Frisa.12362 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Infrastructure; Risk analysis; Degradation; Game theory; Survival; Utilities DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/risa.12362 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Bayesian machine learning model for estimating building occupancy from open source data AN - 1776657742; PQ0002819245 AB - Understanding building occupancy is critical to a wide array of applications including natural hazards loss analysis, green building technologies, and population distribution modeling. Due to the expense of directly monitoring buildings, scientists rely in addition on a wide and disparate array of ancillary and open source information including subject matter expertise, survey data, and remote sensing information. These data are fused using data harmonization methods, which refer to a loose collection of formal and informal techniques for fusing data together to create viable content for building occupancy estimation. In this paper, we add to the current state of the art by introducing the population data tables (PDT), a Bayesian model and informatics system for systematically arranging data and harmonization techniques into a consistent, transparent, knowledge learning framework that retains in the final estimation uncertainty emerging from data, expert judgment, and model parameterization. PDT aims to estimate ambient occupancy in units of people/1000 ft super(2) for a number of building types at the national and sub-national level with the goal of providing global coverage. We present the PDT model, situate the work within the larger community, and report on the progress of this multi-year project. JF - Natural Hazards AU - Stewart, Robert AU - Urban, Marie AU - Duchscherer, Samantha AU - Kaufman, Jason AU - Morton, April AU - Thakur, Gautam AU - Piburn, Jesse AU - Moehl, Jessica AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, MS-6017, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA, stewartrn@ornl.gov Y1 - 2016/04// PY - 2016 DA - April 2016 SP - 1929 EP - 1956 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 81 IS - 3 SN - 0921-030X, 0921-030X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Informatics KW - Green development KW - Remote sensing KW - Buildings KW - Population distribution KW - Technology KW - M2 551.556:Wind Effects (551.556) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 05:Environmental Design & Urban Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776657742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+Hazards&rft.atitle=A+Bayesian+machine+learning+model+for+estimating+building+occupancy+from+open+source+data&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Robert%3BUrban%2C+Marie%3BDuchscherer%2C+Samantha%3BKaufman%2C+Jason%3BMorton%2C+April%3BThakur%2C+Gautam%3BPiburn%2C+Jesse%3BMoehl%2C+Jessica&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+Hazards&rft.issn=0921030X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11069-016-2164-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 72 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Remote sensing; Informatics; Green development; Buildings; Population distribution; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2164-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of metal(loid) bioaccumulation and maternal transfer on embryo-larval development in fish exposed to a major coal ash spill. AN - 1769619520; 26874676 AB - In December 2008, an earthen retaining wall at the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston Fossil Fuel Plant failed and released 4.1 millionm(3) of coal ash to rivers flowing into Watts Bar Reservoir in east Tennessee, United States (U.S.). As part of a comprehensive effort to evaluate the risks to aquatic resources from this spill - the largest in U.S. history - we compared bioaccumulation and maternal transfer of selenium (Se), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in adult redear sunfish (Lepomis macrolophus), collected two years after the spill from both coal-ash exposed and non-exposed areas of the Emory and Clinch Rivers, with the success of embryo-larval development in their offspring. Whole body and ovary concentrations of Se in female sunfish at three study sites downstream of the spill were significantly elevated (site means=4.9-5.3 and 6.7-9.0mg/kg d.w. whole body and ovary concentrations, respectively) compared with concentrations in fish from reference sites upstream of the spill site (2.2-3.2mg/kg d.w. for whole bodies and 3.6-4.8mg/kg d.w. for ovaries). However, Se concentrations in coal ash-exposed areas remain below proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Site-to-site variation in fish concentrations of As and Hg were not well-correlated with ash-exposure, reflecting the multiple sources of these metal(loid)s in the affected watersheds. In 7-day laboratory tests of embryos and larvae derived from in vitro crosses of eggs and sperm from these field-collected sunfish, fertilization success, hatching success, embryo-larval survival, and incidences of developmental abnormalities did not differ significantly between ash-exposed and non-exposed fish. Furthermore, these developmental endpoints were not correlated with whole body or ovary concentrations of Se, As, or Hg in the maternal fish, or with fish size, ovary weight, or gonadal-somatic indices. Results from this and related studies associated with the Kingston coal ash spill are consistent with proposed USEPA fish-based water quality criteria for Se, and to date continue to suggest that long-term exposures to sediment containing residual ash may not present a significant chronic risk to fish populations exposed to this major coal ash release. JF - Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) AU - Greeley, Mark S AU - Adams, S Marshall AU - Elmore, Logan R AU - McCracken, Mary K AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A.. Electronic address: greeleyms@ornl.gov. ; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A.. Electronic address: marshalladams3@comcast.net. ; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A.. Electronic address: Loganelmore63@gmail.com. ; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A.. Electronic address: mccrackenmk@ornl.gov. Y1 - 2016/04// PY - 2016 DA - April 2016 SP - 165 EP - 177 VL - 173 KW - Coal Ash KW - 0 KW - Metals KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Selenium KW - H6241UJ22B KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Redear sunfish KW - TVA KW - Coal ash KW - United States KW - Selenium -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Mercury -- metabolism KW - Arsenic -- metabolism KW - Tennessee KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian -- drug effects KW - Rivers -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Coal Ash -- metabolism KW - Growth and Development -- drug effects KW - Coal Ash -- toxicity KW - Water Pollutants, Chemical -- toxicity KW - Perciformes -- embryology KW - Metals -- metabolism KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Perciformes -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1769619520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+toxicology+%28Amsterdam%2C+Netherlands%29&rft.atitle=Influence+of+metal%28loid%29+bioaccumulation+and+maternal+transfer+on+embryo-larval+development+in+fish+exposed+to+a+major+coal+ash+spill.&rft.au=Greeley%2C+Mark+S%3BAdams%2C+S+Marshall%3BElmore%2C+Logan+R%3BMcCracken%2C+Mary+K&rft.aulast=Greeley&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aquatic+toxicology+%28Amsterdam%2C+Netherlands%29&rft.issn=1879-1514&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2015.12.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-09-01 N1 - Date created - 2016-02-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.12.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Graphene engineering by neon ion beams. AN - 1767067954; 26890062 AB - Achieving the ultimate limits of lithographic resolution and material performance necessitates engineering of matter with atomic, molecular, and mesoscale fidelity. With the advent of scanning helium ion microscopy, maskless He(+) and Ne(+) beam lithography of 2D materials, such as graphene-based nanoelectronics, is coming to the forefront as a tool for fabrication and surface manipulation. However, the effects of using a Ne focused-ion-beam on the fidelity of structures created out of 2D materials have yet to be explored. Here, we will discuss the use of energetic Ne ions in engineering graphene nanostructures and explore their mechanical, electromechanical and chemical properties using scanning probe microscopy (SPM). By using SPM-based techniques such as band excitation (BE) force modulation microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and Raman spectroscopy, we are able to ascertain changes in the mechanical, electrical and optical properties of Ne(+) beam milled graphene nanostructures and surrounding regions. Additionally, we are able to link localized defects around the milled graphene to ion milling parameters such as dwell time and number of beam passes in order to characterize the induced changes in mechanical and electromechanical properties of the graphene surface. JF - Nanotechnology AU - Iberi, Vighter AU - Ievlev, Anton V AU - Vlassiouk, Ivan AU - Jesse, Stephen AU - Kalinin, Sergei V AU - Joy, David C AU - Rondinone, Adam J AU - Belianinov, Alex AU - Ovchinnikova, Olga S AD - Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. Y1 - 2016/03/29/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Mar 29 SP - 125302 VL - 27 IS - 12 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1767067954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nanotechnology&rft.atitle=Graphene+engineering+by+neon+ion+beams.&rft.au=Iberi%2C+Vighter%3BIevlev%2C+Anton+V%3BVlassiouk%2C+Ivan%3BJesse%2C+Stephen%3BKalinin%2C+Sergei+V%3BJoy%2C+David+C%3BRondinone%2C+Adam+J%3BBelianinov%2C+Alex%3BOvchinnikova%2C+Olga+S&rft.aulast=Iberi&rft.aufirst=Vighter&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=125302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nanotechnology&rft.issn=1361-6528&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F0957-4484%2F27%2F12%2F125302 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2016-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/12/125302 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polarization Control via He-Ion Beam Induced Nanofabrication in Layered Ferroelectric Semiconductors. AN - 1775638556; 26918591 AB - Rapid advances in nanoscience rely on continuous improvements of material manipulation at near-atomic scales. Currently, the workhorse of nanofabrication is resist-based lithography and its various derivatives. However, the use of local electron, ion, and physical probe methods is expanding, driven largely by the need for fabrication without the multistep preparation processes that can result in contamination from resists and solvents. Furthermore, probe-based methods extend beyond nanofabrication to nanomanipulation and to imaging which are all vital for a rapid transition to the prototyping and testing of devices. In this work we study helium ion interactions with the surface of bulk copper indium thiophosphate CuM(III)P2X6 (M = Cr, In; X= S, Se), a novel layered 2D material, with a Helium Ion Microscope (HIM). Using this technique, we are able to control ferrielectric domains and grow conical nanostructures with enhanced conductivity whose material volumes scale with the beam dosage. Compared to the copper indium thiophosphate (CITP) from which they grow, the nanostructures are oxygen rich, sulfur poor, and with virtually unchanged copper concentration as confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging contrast as well as scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) measurements suggest enhanced conductivity in the formed particles, whereas atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements indicate that the produced structures have lower dissipation and are softer as compared to the CITP. JF - ACS applied materials & interfaces AU - Belianinov, Alex AU - Iberi, Vighter AU - Tselev, Alexander AU - Susner, Michael A AU - McGuire, Michael A AU - Joy, David AU - Jesse, Stephen AU - Rondinone, Adam J AU - Kalinin, Sergei V AU - Ovchinnikova, Olga S AD - The Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ‡Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, and ⊥Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. Y1 - 2016/03/23/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Mar 23 SP - 7349 EP - 7355 VL - 8 IS - 11 KW - 2D crystals KW - ferroelectricity KW - atomic force microscopy KW - layered materials KW - helium ion microscopy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1775638556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+applied+materials+%26+interfaces&rft.atitle=Polarization+Control+via+He-Ion+Beam+Induced+Nanofabrication+in+Layered+Ferroelectric+Semiconductors.&rft.au=Belianinov%2C+Alex%3BIberi%2C+Vighter%3BTselev%2C+Alexander%3BSusner%2C+Michael+A%3BMcGuire%2C+Michael+A%3BJoy%2C+David%3BJesse%2C+Stephen%3BRondinone%2C+Adam+J%3BKalinin%2C+Sergei+V%3BOvchinnikova%2C+Olga+S&rft.aulast=Belianinov&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=7349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+applied+materials+%26+interfaces&rft.issn=1944-8252&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facsami.5b12056 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2016-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b12056 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative exploration of hydrogen sulfide and water transmembrane free energy surfaces via orthogonal space tempering free energy sampling. AN - 1764698026; 26119423 AB - Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), a commonly known toxic gas compound, possesses unique chemical features that allow this small solute molecule to quickly diffuse through cell membranes. Taking advantage of the recent orthogonal space tempering (OST) method, we comparatively mapped the transmembrane free energy landscapes of H2 S and its structural analogue, water (H2 O), seeking to decipher the molecular determinants that govern their drastically different permeabilities. As revealed by our OST sampling results, in contrast to the highly polar water solute, hydrogen sulfide is evidently amphipathic, and thus inside membrane is favorably localized at the interfacial region, that is, the interface between the polar head-group and nonpolar acyl chain regions. Because the membrane binding affinity of H2 S is mainly governed by its small hydrophobic moiety and the barrier height inbetween the interfacial region and the membrane center is largely determined by its moderate polarity, the transmembrane free energy barriers to encounter by this toxic molecule are very small. Moreover when H2 S diffuses from the bulk solution to the membrane center, the above two effects nearly cancel each other, so as to lead to a negligible free energy difference. This study not only explains why H2 S can quickly pass through cell membranes but also provides a practical illustration on how to use the OST free energy sampling method to conveniently analyze complex molecular processes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JF - Journal of computational chemistry AU - Lv, Chao AU - Aitchison, Erick W AU - Wu, Dongsheng AU - Zheng, Lianqing AU - Cheng, Xiaolin AU - Yang, Wei AD - Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306. ; Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306. ; UT-ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37830. Y1 - 2016/03/05/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Mar 05 SP - 567 EP - 574 VL - 37 IS - 6 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Hydrogen Sulfide KW - YY9FVM7NSN KW - Index Medicus KW - enhanced sampling KW - free energy calculation KW - membrane permeation KW - Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions KW - Computer Simulation KW - Thermodynamics KW - Humans KW - Diffusion KW - Cell Membrane Permeability KW - Models, Biological KW - Water -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen Sulfide -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen Sulfide -- chemistry KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Cell Membrane -- chemistry KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1764698026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+computational+chemistry&rft.atitle=Comparative+exploration+of+hydrogen+sulfide+and+water+transmembrane+free+energy+surfaces+via+orthogonal+space+tempering+free+energy+sampling.&rft.au=Lv%2C+Chao%3BAitchison%2C+Erick+W%3BWu%2C+Dongsheng%3BZheng%2C+Lianqing%3BCheng%2C+Xiaolin%3BYang%2C+Wei&rft.aulast=Lv&rft.aufirst=Chao&rft.date=2016-03-05&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+computational+chemistry&rft.issn=1096-987X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjcc.23982 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2016-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.23982 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal effects of groundwater flow through subarctic fens; a case study based on field observations and numerical modeling AN - 1815665168; 2016-076034 AB - Modeling and observation of ground temperature dynamics are the main tools for understanding current permafrost thermal regimes and projecting future thaw. Until recently, most studies on permafrost have focused on vertical ground heat fluxes. Groundwater can transport heat in both lateral and vertical directions but its influence on ground temperatures at local scales in permafrost environments is not well understood. In this study we combine field observations from a subarctic fen in the sporadic permafrost zone with numerical simulations of coupled water and thermal fluxes. At the Tavvavuoma study site in northern Sweden, ground temperature profiles and groundwater levels were observed in boreholes. These observations were used to set up one- and two-dimensional simulations down to 2 m depth across a gradient of permafrost conditions within and surrounding the fen. Two-dimensional scenarios representing the fen under various hydraulic gradients were developed to quantify the influence of groundwater flow on ground temperature. Our observations suggest that lateral groundwater flow significantly affects ground temperatures. This is corroborated by modeling results that show seasonal ground ice melts 1 month earlier when a lateral groundwater flux is present. Further, although the thermal regime may be dominated by vertically conducted heat fluxes during most of the year, isolated high groundwater flow rate events such as the spring freshet are potentially important for ground temperatures. As sporadic permafrost environments often contain substantial portions of unfrozen ground with active groundwater flow paths, knowledge of this heat transport mechanism is important for understanding permafrost dynamics in these environments. Abstract Copyright (2016), . American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Sjoberg, Ylva AU - Coon, Ethan AU - Sannel, A Britta K AU - Pannetier, Romain AU - Harp, Dylan AU - Frampton, Andrew AU - Painter, Scott L AU - Lyon, Steve W Y1 - 2016/03// PY - 2016 DA - March 2016 SP - 1591 EP - 1606 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - peatlands KW - terrestrial environment KW - permafrost KW - Western Europe KW - numerical models KW - Europe KW - preferential flow KW - advection KW - thermal regime KW - Lapland KW - ground water KW - boreal environment KW - case studies KW - Scandinavia KW - mires KW - fens KW - Tavvavuoma National Park KW - ice KW - heat transfer KW - ground ice KW - thermal effects KW - Sweden KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1815665168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Thermal+effects+of+groundwater+flow+through+subarctic+fens%3B+a+case+study+based+on+field+observations+and+numerical+modeling&rft.au=Sjoberg%2C+Ylva%3BCoon%2C+Ethan%3BSannel%2C+A+Britta+K%3BPannetier%2C+Romain%3BHarp%2C+Dylan%3BFrampton%2C+Andrew%3BPainter%2C+Scott+L%3BLyon%2C+Steve+W&rft.aulast=Sjoberg&rft.aufirst=Ylva&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2015WR017571 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-01 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - advection; boreal environment; case studies; Europe; fens; ground ice; ground water; heat transfer; ice; Lapland; mires; numerical models; peatlands; permafrost; preferential flow; Scandinavia; Sweden; Tavvavuoma National Park; terrestrial environment; thermal effects; thermal regime; Western Europe DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017571 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence of technetium and iodine release from a sodalite-bearing ceramic waste form AN - 1793208862; 2016-047200 AB - Sodalites have been proposed as a possible host of certain radioactive species, specifically (super 99) Tc and (super 129) I, which may be encapsulated into the cage structure of the mineral. To demonstrate the ability of this framework silicate mineral to encapsulate and immobilize (super 99) Tc and (super 129) I, single-pass flow-through (SPFT) tests were conducted on a sodalite-bearing multi-phase ceramic waste form produced through a steam reforming process. Two samples made using a steam reformer samples were produced using non-radioactive I and Re (as a surrogate for Tc), while a third sample was produced using actual radioactive tank waste containing Tc and added Re. One of the non-radioactive samples was produced with an engineering-scale steam reformer while the other non-radioactive sample and the radioactive sample were produced using a bench-scale steam reformer. For all three steam reformer products, the similar steady-state dilute-solution release rates for Re, I, and Tc at pH (25 degrees C) = 9 and 40 degrees C were measured. However, it was found that the Re, I, and Tc releases were equal or up to 4.5x higher compared to the release rates of the network-forming elements, Na, Al, and Si. The similar releases of Re and Tc in the SPFT test, and the similar time-dependent shapes of the release curves for samples containing I, suggest that Re, Tc, and I partition to the sodalite minerals during the steam reforming process. Abstract Copyright (2016) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Applied Geochemistry AU - Neeway, James J AU - Qafoku, Nikolla P AU - Williams, Benjamin D AU - Snyder, Michelle M V AU - Brown, Christopher F AU - Pierce, Eric M Y1 - 2016/03// PY - 2016 DA - March 2016 SP - 210 EP - 218 PB - Elsevier, Oxford-New York-Beijing VL - 66 SN - 0883-2927, 0883-2927 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - hazardous waste KW - isotopes KW - halogens KW - mass spectra KW - reservoir rocks KW - radioactive waste KW - iodine KW - radioactive isotopes KW - I-129 KW - sodalite group KW - framework silicates KW - spectra KW - ceramic materials KW - pH KW - technetium KW - Washington KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - Hanford Site KW - Tc-99 KW - ICP mass spectra KW - metals KW - reservoir properties KW - sodalite KW - waste disposal KW - crystal chemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1793208862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Evidence+of+technetium+and+iodine+release+from+a+sodalite-bearing+ceramic+waste+form&rft.au=Neeway%2C+James+J%3BQafoku%2C+Nikolla+P%3BWilliams%2C+Benjamin+D%3BSnyder%2C+Michelle+M+V%3BBrown%2C+Christopher+F%3BPierce%2C+Eric+M&rft.aulast=Neeway&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.issn=08832927&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apgeochem.2015.12.017 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08832927 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 56 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ceramic materials; crystal chemistry; framework silicates; halogens; Hanford Site; hazardous waste; I-129; ICP mass spectra; iodine; isotopes; mass spectra; metals; pH; pollutants; pollution; radioactive isotopes; radioactive waste; reservoir properties; reservoir rocks; silicates; sodalite; sodalite group; spectra; Tc-99; technetium; United States; Washington; waste disposal DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.12.017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interflow dynamics on a low relief forested hill slope; lots of fill, little spill AN - 1793206521; 2016-049544 AB - We evaluated the occurrence of perching and interflow over and within a sandy clay loam argillic horizon within first-order, low-relief, forested catchments at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. We measured soil hydraulic properties, depths to the argillic layer, soil moisture, shallow groundwater behavior, interflow interception trench flows, and streamflow over a 4-year period to explore the nature and variability of soil hydraulic characteristics, the argillic "topography", and their influence on interflow generation. Perching occurred frequently within and above the restricting argillic horizons during our monitoring period, but interflow was infrequent due to microtopographic relief and associated depression storage on the argillic layer surface. High percolation rates through the argillic horizon, particularly through soil anomalies, also reduced the importance of interflow. Interflow generation was highly variable across eleven segments of a 121 m interception trench. Hillslopes were largely disconnected from stream behavior during storms. Hillslope processes were consistent with the fill-and-spill hypothesis and featured a sequence of distinct thresholds: vertical wetting front propagation to the argillic layer; saturation of the argillic followed by local perching; filling of argillic layer depressions; and finally connectivity of depressions leading to interflow generation. Analysis of trench flow data indicated a cumulative rainfall threshold of 60 mm to generate interflow, a value at the high end of the range of thresholds reported elsewhere. Abstract Copyright (2016) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Du, Enhao AU - Rhett Jackson, C AU - Klaus, Julian AU - McDonnell, Jeffrey J AU - Griffiths, Natalie A AU - Williamson, Margaret F AU - Greco, James L AU - Bitew, Menberu Y1 - 2016/03// PY - 2016 DA - March 2016 SP - 648 EP - 658 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 534 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - United States KW - clay KW - hills KW - South Carolina KW - slopes KW - rivers and streams KW - relief KW - movement KW - sediments KW - drainage basins KW - soils KW - forests KW - bedrock KW - clastic sediments KW - drainage KW - surface water KW - statistical analysis KW - connectivity KW - loam KW - runoff KW - mathematical methods KW - depressions KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Savannah River Site KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1793206521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Interflow+dynamics+on+a+low+relief+forested+hill+slope%3B+lots+of+fill%2C+little+spill&rft.au=Du%2C+Enhao%3BRhett+Jackson%2C+C%3BKlaus%2C+Julian%3BMcDonnell%2C+Jeffrey+J%3BGriffiths%2C+Natalie+A%3BWilliamson%2C+Margaret+F%3BGreco%2C+James+L%3BBitew%2C+Menberu&rft.aulast=Du&rft.aufirst=Enhao&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.volume=534&rft.issue=&rft.spage=648&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2016.01.039 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-02 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bedrock; clastic sediments; clay; connectivity; depressions; drainage; drainage basins; forests; hills; hydraulic conductivity; loam; mathematical methods; movement; relief; rivers and streams; runoff; Savannah River Site; sediments; slopes; soils; South Carolina; statistical analysis; surface water; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.01.039 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The occurrence of tricin and its derivatives in plants AN - 1776648344; PQ0002812765 AB - Our understanding of the structure and biosynthetic pathway of lignin, a phenylpropanoid heteropolymer, continues to evolve, especially with the discovery of new lignin monomers/structural moieties such as monolignol acetate, hydroxycinnamyl aldehyde/alcohol, and p-hydroxybenzoate in the past decades. Recently, tricin has been reported as a component incorporated into monocot lignin. As a flavonoid compound widely distributed in herbaceous plants, tricin has been extensively studied due to its biological significance in plant growth as well as its potential for pharmaceutical importance. Tricin is biosynthesized as a constituent of plant secondary metabolites through a combination of phenylpropanoid and polyketide pathways. Tricin occurs in plants in either free or conjugated forms such as tricin-glycosides, tricin-lignans, and tricin-lignan-glycosides.The emergence of tricin covalently incorporated with lignin biopolymer implies the possible association of lignification and tricin biosynthesis. This review summarizes the occurrence of tricin and its derivatives in plants. In addition, synthesis, potential application, and characterization of tricin are discussed. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Li, Mi AU - Pu, Yunqiao AU - Yoo, Chang Geun AU - Ragauskas, Arthur J AD - BioEnergy Science Center; Biosciences Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge; TN 37831; USA; +1 865 974 7076; +1 865 974 2042 Y1 - 2016/03// PY - 2016 DA - March 2016 SP - 1439 EP - 1454 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Alcohol KW - Biosynthesis KW - Flavonoids KW - Reviews KW - Green development KW - Biopolymers KW - Secondary metabolites KW - Plant growth KW - Aldehydes KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776648344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+occurrence+of+tricin+and+its+derivatives+in+plants&rft.au=Li%2C+Mi%3BPu%2C+Yunqiao%3BYoo%2C+Chang+Geun%3BRagauskas%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Mi&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5gc03062e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 185 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biosynthesis; Alcohol; Flavonoids; Reviews; Green development; Biopolymers; Secondary metabolites; Plant growth; Aldehydes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc03062e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Group precipitation and age hardening of nanostructured Fe-based alloys with ultra-high strengths. AN - 1767077467; 26892834 AB - The precipitation of nanoparticles plays a key role in determining the properties of many structural materials, and the understanding of their formation and stabilization mechanisms has been a long standing interest in the material field. However, the critical issues involving the group precipitation of various nanoparticles and their cooperative hardening mechanism remain elusive in the newly discovered Fe-based alloys with nanostructures. Here we quantitatively elucidate the nucleation mechanism, evolution kinetics and hardening effects of the group-precipitated nanoparticles in the Fe-Cu-Ni-Al-based alloys by atom probe tomography together with both first-principles and thermodynamic calculations. Our results provide the compelling evidence for two interesting but complex group precipitation pathways of nanoparticles, i.e., the Cu-rich and NiAl-based precipitations. The co-existence of the two precipitation pathways plays a key role in age hardening kinetics and ultimately enhances the hardening response, as compared to the single particle type of strengthening, therefore providing an effective new approach for strengthening materials for structural applications. JF - Scientific reports AU - Jiao, Z B AU - Luan, J H AU - Miller, M K AU - Yu, C Y AU - Liu, C T AD - Center for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. ; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. Y1 - 2016/02/19/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Feb 19 SP - 21364 VL - 6 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1767077467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.atitle=Group+precipitation+and+age+hardening+of+nanostructured+Fe-based+alloys+with+ultra-high+strengths.&rft.au=Jiao%2C+Z+B%3BLuan%2C+J+H%3BMiller%2C+M+K%3BYu%2C+C+Y%3BLiu%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Jiao&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2016-02-19&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=21364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scientific+reports&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsrep21364 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-08-04 N1 - Date created - 2016-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep21364 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental calibration of silicon and oxygen isotope fractionations between quartz and water at 250 degrees C by in situ microanalysis of experimental products and application to zoned low delta (super 30) Si quartz overgrowths AN - 1789748741; 2016-042418 AB - The interpretation of silicon isotope data for quartz is hampered by the lack of experimentally determined fractionation factors between quartz and fluid. Further, there is a large spread in published oxygen isotope fractionation factors at low temperatures, primarily due to extrapolation from experimental calibrations at high temperature. We present the first measurements of silicon isotope ratios from experimentally precipitated quartz and estimate the equilibrium fractionation vs. dissolved silica using a novel in situ analysis technique applying secondary ion mass spectrometry to directly analyze experimental products. These experiments also yield a new value for oxygen isotope fractionation. Quartz overgrowths up to 235 mu m thick were precipitated in silica-H (sub 2) O-NaOH-NaCl fluids, at pH 12-13 and 250 degrees C. At this temperature, 1000lnalpha (super 30) Si(Qtz-fluid) = 0.55 + or - 0.10 ppm and 1000lnalpha (super 18) O(Qtz-fluid) = 10.62 + or - 0.13 ppm, yielding the relations 1000lnalpha (super 30) Si(Qtz-fluid) = (0.15 + or - 0.03) * 10 (super 6) /T (super 2) and 1000lnalpha (super 18) O(Qtz-fluid) = (2.91 + or - 0.04) * 10 (super 6) /T (super 2) when extended to zero fractionation at infinite temperature. Values of delta (super 30) Si(Qtz) from diagenetic cement in sandstones from the basal Cambrian Mt. Simon Formation in central North America range from 0 to - 5.4 ppm. Paired delta (super 18) O and delta (super 30) Si values from individual overgrowths preserve a record of Precambrian weathering and fluid transport. The application of the experimental quartz growth results to observations from natural sandstone samples suggests that precipitation of quartz at low temperatures in nature is dominated by kinetic, rather than equilibrium, processes. Abstract Copyright (2016) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Chemical Geology AU - Pollington, Anthony D AU - Kozdon, Reinhard AU - Anovitz, Lawrence M AU - Georg, R Bastian AU - Spicuzza, Michael J AU - Valley, John W Y1 - 2016/02/10/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Feb 10 SP - 127 EP - 142 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 421 SN - 0009-2541, 0009-2541 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - isotope fractionation KW - oxygen KW - ion probe data KW - silica minerals KW - isotopes KW - mass spectra KW - fluid phase KW - crystal growth KW - calibration KW - Mount Simon Sandstone KW - silicon KW - stable isotopes KW - Cambrian KW - temperature KW - Upper Cambrian KW - chemical reactions KW - water-rock interaction KW - phase equilibria KW - Eau Claire Formation KW - paleosols KW - framework silicates KW - spectra KW - Wisconsin KW - kinetics KW - zoning KW - pH KW - water KW - chemical weathering KW - experimental studies KW - Precambrian KW - Illinois KW - Paleozoic KW - isotope ratios KW - O-18/O-16 KW - weathering KW - hydrothermal conditions KW - ICP mass spectra KW - paleoenvironment KW - precipitation KW - quartz KW - crystallization KW - unconformities KW - mobilization KW - Si-30/Si-28 KW - crystal chemistry KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1789748741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Geology&rft.atitle=Experimental+calibration+of+silicon+and+oxygen+isotope+fractionations+between+quartz+and+water+at+250+degrees+C+by+in+situ+microanalysis+of+experimental+products+and+application+to+zoned+low+delta+%28super+30%29+Si+quartz+overgrowths&rft.au=Pollington%2C+Anthony+D%3BKozdon%2C+Reinhard%3BAnovitz%2C+Lawrence+M%3BGeorg%2C+R+Bastian%3BSpicuzza%2C+Michael+J%3BValley%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Pollington&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2016-02-10&rft.volume=421&rft.issue=&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Geology&rft.issn=00092541&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chemgeo.2015.11.011 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00092541 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 83 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-19 N1 - CODEN - CHGEAD N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - calibration; Cambrian; chemical reactions; chemical weathering; crystal chemistry; crystal growth; crystallization; Eau Claire Formation; experimental studies; fluid phase; framework silicates; hydrothermal conditions; ICP mass spectra; Illinois; ion probe data; isotope fractionation; isotope ratios; isotopes; kinetics; mass spectra; mobilization; Mount Simon Sandstone; O-18/O-16; oxygen; paleoenvironment; paleosols; Paleozoic; pH; phase equilibria; Precambrian; precipitation; quartz; Si-30/Si-28; silica minerals; silicates; silicon; spectra; stable isotopes; temperature; unconformities; United States; Upper Cambrian; water; water-rock interaction; weathering; Wisconsin; zoning DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.11.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of gut microbiota in fetal methylmercury exposure: Insights from a pilot study. AN - 1760852629; 26626101 AB - PURPOSEThe mechanisms by which gut microbiota contribute to methylmercury metabolism remain unclear. Among a cohort of pregnant mothers, the objectives of our pilot study were to determine (1) associations between gut microbiota and mercury concentrations in biomarkers (stool, hair and cord blood) and (2) the contributions of gut microbial mercury methylation/demethylation to stool methylmercury.METHODSPregnant women (36-39 weeks gestation, n=17) donated hair and stool specimens, and cord blood was collected for a subset (n=7). The diversity of gut microbiota was determined using 16S rRNA gene profiling (n=17). For 6 stool samples with highest/lowest methylmercury concentrations, metagenomic whole genome shotgun sequencing was employed to search for the mercury methylation gene (hgcA), and two mer operon genes involved in methylmercury detoxification (merA and merB).RESULTSSeventeen bacterial genera were significantly correlated (increasing or decreasing) with stool methylmercury, stool inorganic mercury, or hair total mercury; however, aside from one genus, there was no overlap between biomarkers. There were no definitive matches for hgcA or merB, while merA was detected at low concentrations in all six samples.MAJOR CONCLUSIONSProportional differences in stool methylmercury were not likely attributed to gut microbiota through methylation/demethylation. Gut microbiota potentially altered methylmercury metabolism using indirect pathways. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Rothenberg, Sarah E AU - Keiser, Sharon AU - Ajami, Nadim J AU - Wong, Matthew C AU - Gesell, Jonathan AU - Petrosino, Joseph F AU - Johs, Alexander AD - Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street Room 401, Columbia, SC, USA. Electronic address: rothenbs@mailbox.sc.edu. ; Greenville Health System, Maternal Fetal Medicine, 890 W. Faris Road, Suite 470, Greenville, SC 29605, USA. Electronic address: skeiser@ghs.org. ; The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research (CMMR), Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: Nadim.Ajami@bcm.edu. ; The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research (CMMR), Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: matthew.wong@bcm.edu. ; The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research (CMMR), Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: Jonathan.Gesell@bcm.edu. ; The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research (CMMR), Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: jpetrosi@bcm.edu. ; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, P.O. Box 2008, MS-6038 Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Electronic address: johsa@ornl.gov. Y1 - 2016/02/03/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Feb 03 SP - 60 EP - 67 VL - 242 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - mercuric reductase KW - EC 1.16.- KW - Lyases KW - EC 4.- KW - MerB protein, Bacteria KW - EC 4.99.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gut microbiota KW - Prenatal KW - Microbiome KW - Mercury KW - Metabolism KW - Ribotyping KW - Pregnancy Trimester, Third KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Gestational Age KW - Lyases -- genetics KW - Pilot Projects KW - Metagenome KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Gene Expression Profiling -- methods KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Pregnancy KW - Lyases -- metabolism KW - Metagenomics -- methods KW - Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Biotransformation KW - Hair -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- genetics KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- blood KW - Gastrointestinal Microbiome KW - Fetal Blood -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- classification KW - Gastrointestinal Tract -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1760852629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=The+role+of+gut+microbiota+in+fetal+methylmercury+exposure%3A+Insights+from+a+pilot+study.&rft.au=Rothenberg%2C+Sarah+E%3BKeiser%2C+Sharon%3BAjami%2C+Nadim+J%3BWong%2C+Matthew+C%3BGesell%2C+Jonathan%3BPetrosino%2C+Joseph+F%3BJohs%2C+Alexander&rft.aulast=Rothenberg&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2016-02-03&rft.volume=242&rft.issue=&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=1879-3169&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.toxlet.2015.11.022 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-05-09 N1 - Date created - 2016-01-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Arch Environ Health. 2000 Jan-Feb;55(1):44-7 [10735519] Science. 2011 Oct 7;334(6052):105-8 [21885731] FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2003 Jun;27(2-3):355-84 [12829275] Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2004 Sep;54(Pt 5):1469-76 [15388697] Experientia. 1975 SEP 15;31(9):1064-5 [1100426] Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1981 Oct;49(4):259-65 [7342686] Arch Environ Health. 1984 Nov-Dec;39(6):401-8 [6524959] Arch Toxicol. 1986 Jul;59(2):94-8 [3019277] ISME J. 2012 Aug;6(8):1621-4 [22402401] ISME J. 2012 Aug;6(8):1449-58 [22437156] Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2012 Aug;62(Pt 8):1902-7 [22859731] Toxicology. 2013 Sep 15;311(3):147-53 [23793072] Toxicol Lett. 2013 Oct 24;222(2):132-8 [23916686] Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Oct 15;47(20):11810-20 [24024607] Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan;42(Database issue):D199-205 [24214961] Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 May;99(5):1066-70 [24522443] Environ Microbiol. 2014 Sep;16(9):2891-904 [24033881] MBio. 2014;5(5):e01580-14 [25293764] Environ Res. 2015 Apr;138:173-80 [25721244] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015 May 1;81(9):3205-17 [25724962] Cell. 2012 Aug 3;150(3):470-80 [22863002] Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jan;41(Database issue):D590-6 [23193283] J Environ Health. 2013 Jan-Feb;75(6):38-43 [23397648] J Anal Toxicol. 2000 Jul-Aug;24(5):328-32 [10926355] Arch Toxicol. 1992;66(1):40-4 [1316116] Neurotoxicology. 1995 Winter;16(4):705-10 [8714874] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Mar;63(3):1066-76 [9055422] Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1635-8 [15831718] Int J Dermatol. 2005 Oct;44 Suppl 1:6-9 [16187948] Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Oct;113(10):1376-80 [16203250] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Dec;71(12):8228-35 [16332807] Crit Rev Toxicol. 2006 Sep;36(8):609-62 [16973445] Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Jan;115(1):42-7 [17366817] Environ Res. 2007 Oct;105(2):183-93 [17374370] Nat Methods. 2010 May;7(5):335-6 [20383131] Br J Nutr. 2010 Jul;104(1):83-92 [20205964] Bioinformatics. 2010 Oct 1;26(19):2460-1 [20709691] Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Nov;105(11):2420-8 [20648002] J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Apr 26;135(1):110-5 [21382464] Science. 2013 Mar 15;339(6125):1332-5 [23393089] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating marginal likelihood with thermodynamic integration method and comparison with several other numerical methods AN - 1812212295; 2016-070532 AB - Evaluating marginal likelihood is the most critical and computationally expensive task, when conducting Bayesian model averaging to quantify parametric and model uncertainties. The evaluation is commonly done by using Laplace approximations to evaluate semianalytical expressions of the marginal likelihood or by using Monte Carlo (MC) methods to evaluate arithmetic or harmonic mean of a joint likelihood function. This study introduces a new MC method, i.e., thermodynamic integration, which has not been attempted in environmental modeling. Instead of using samples only from prior parameter space (as in arithmetic mean evaluation) or posterior parameter space (as in harmonic mean evaluation), the thermodynamic integration method uses samples generated gradually from the prior to posterior parameter space. This is done through a path sampling that conducts Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation with different power coefficient values applied to the joint likelihood function. The thermodynamic integration method is evaluated using three analytical functions by comparing the method with two variants of the Laplace approximation method and three MC methods, including the nested sampling method that is recently introduced into environmental modeling. The thermodynamic integration method outperforms the other methods in terms of their accuracy, convergence, and consistency. The thermodynamic integration method is also applied to a synthetic case of groundwater modeling with four alternative models. The application shows that model probabilities obtained using the thermodynamic integration method improves predictive performance of Bayesian model averaging. The thermodynamic integration method is mathematically rigorous, and its MC implementation is computationally general for a wide range of environmental problems. Abstract Copyright (2016), . American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Liu, Peigui AU - Elshall, Ahmed S AU - Ye, Ming AU - Beerli, Peter AU - Zeng, Xiankui AU - Lu, Dan AU - Tao, Yuezan Y1 - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DA - February 2016 SP - 734 EP - 758 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - hydrology KW - numerical models KW - Bayesian analysis KW - Monte Carlo analysis KW - statistical analysis KW - Laplace transformations KW - ground water KW - maximum likelihood KW - mathematical methods KW - theoretical models KW - thermodynamic properties KW - Markov chain analysis KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1812212295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Evaluating+marginal+likelihood+with+thermodynamic+integration+method+and+comparison+with+several+other+numerical+methods&rft.au=Liu%2C+Peigui%3BElshall%2C+Ahmed+S%3BYe%2C+Ming%3BBeerli%2C+Peter%3BZeng%2C+Xiankui%3BLu%2C+Dan%3BTao%2C+Yuezan&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Peigui&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=734&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2014WR016718 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-18 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bayesian analysis; ground water; hydrology; Laplace transformations; Markov chain analysis; mathematical methods; maximum likelihood; Monte Carlo analysis; numerical models; statistical analysis; theoretical models; thermodynamic properties DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016718 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigating the association between sociodemographic factors and lung cancer risk using cyber informatics AN - 1808632791; PQ0003167048 AB - Openly available online sources can be very valuable for executing in silico case-control epidemiological studies. Adjustment of confounding factors to isolate the association between an observing factor and disease is essential for such studies. However, such information is not always readily available online. This paper suggests natural language processing methods for extracting socio-demographic information from content openly available online. Feasibility of the suggested method is demonstrated by performing a case-control study focusing on the association between age, gender, and income level and lung cancer risk. The study shows stronger association between older age and lower socioeconomic status and higher lung cancer risk, which is consistent with the findings reported in traditional cancer epidemiology studies. JF - IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics AU - Yoon, Hong-Jun AU - Tourassi, Georgia AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA Y1 - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DA - February 2016 SP - 557 EP - 560 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue, 17th Fl New York NY 10016-5997 United States KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Socio-economic aspects KW - Age KW - Conferences KW - Epidemiology KW - Informatics KW - Risk factors KW - Geriatrics KW - Language KW - Internet KW - Lung cancer KW - W 30970:Book & Conference Notices UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808632791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Journal+of+Biomedical+and+Health+Informatics&rft.atitle=Investigating+the+association+between+sociodemographic+factors+and+lung+cancer+risk+using+cyber+informatics&rft.au=Yoon%2C+Hong-Jun%3BTourassi%2C+Georgia&rft.aulast=Yoon&rft.aufirst=Hong-Jun&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Journal+of+Biomedical+and+Health+Informatics&rft.issn=2168-2208&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FBHI.2016.7455958 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Socio-economic aspects; Age; Epidemiology; Conferences; Informatics; Risk factors; Geriatrics; Language; Internet; Lung cancer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/BHI.2016.7455958 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-performance computing framework for predictive simulation of healthcare delivery innovation AN - 1808632673; PQ0003167075 AB - In a complex healthcare delivery environment there are unforeseen risks and uncertainties that may unfold when new policies are applied. In silico predictive simulation approaches allow exploration of potential responses of a system to new policy and rule implementations. The validity of such computational models comes into question unless they operate with realistic representations which require significant modeling detail over a large-scale, and with high accuracy. This necessitates a large amount of computing capacity and data management. To address these needs we propose a high-performance computing (HPC) agent-based framework for healthcare system predictive simulations. The framework is designed to emulate a healthcare system modeled at high fidelity and with high resolution data, evaluate its performance in response to different user defined policies, and find polices that maximize outcome measures and system efficiency. The paper details our data preparation procedures, and describes how the framework is implemented and run on a supercomputer to model a healthcare system at an appropriately large scale. JF - IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics AU - Park, Byung H AU - Ozmen, Ozgur AU - Weigand, Gil AU - Shankar, Mallikarjun AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6085, USA Y1 - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DA - February 2016 SP - 517 EP - 520 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue, 17th Fl New York NY 10016-5997 United States KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fidelity KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Conferences KW - Informatics KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808632673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Journal+of+Biomedical+and+Health+Informatics&rft.atitle=High-performance+computing+framework+for+predictive+simulation+of+healthcare+delivery+innovation&rft.au=Park%2C+Byung+H%3BOzmen%2C+Ozgur%3BWeigand%2C+Gil%3BShankar%2C+Mallikarjun&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Byung&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Journal+of+Biomedical+and+Health+Informatics&rft.issn=2168-2208&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FBHI.2016.7455948 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fidelity; Mathematical models; Data processing; Conferences; Informatics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/BHI.2016.7455948 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting lung cancer incidence from air pollution exposures using shapelet-based time series analysis AN - 1808632247; PQ0003167056 AB - In this paper we investigated whether the geographical variation of lung cancer incidence can be predicted through examining the spatiotemporal trend of particulate matter air pollution levels. Regional trends of air pollution levels were analyzed by a novel shapelet-based time series analysis technique. First, we identified U.S. counties with reportedly high and low lung cancer incidence between 2008 and 2012 via the State Cancer Profiles provided by the National Cancer Institute. Then, we collected particulate matter exposure levels (PM2.5 and PM10) of the counties for the previous decade (1998-2007) via the AirData dataset provided by the Environmental Protection Agency. Using shapelet-based time series pattern mining, regional environmental exposure profiles were examined to identify frequently occurring sequential exposure patterns. Finally, a binary classifier was designed to predict whether a U.S. region is expected to experience high lung cancer incidence based on the region's PM2.5 and PM10 exposure the decade prior. The study confirmed the association between prolonged PM exposure and lung cancer risk. In addition, the study findings suggest that not only cumulative exposure levels but also the temporal variability of PM exposure influence lung cancer risk. JF - IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics AU - Yoon, Hong-Jun AU - Xu, Songhua AU - Tourassi, Georgia AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA Y1 - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DA - February 2016 SP - 565 EP - 568 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue, 17th Fl New York NY 10016-5997 United States KW - Pollution Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Conferences KW - Informatics KW - Particulate matter KW - Pollution effects KW - Particulates KW - Time series analysis KW - Cancer KW - Air pollution KW - Health risks KW - EPA KW - Geographical variations KW - Lung cancer KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808632247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Journal+of+Biomedical+and+Health+Informatics&rft.atitle=Predicting+lung+cancer+incidence+from+air+pollution+exposures+using+shapelet-based+time+series+analysis&rft.au=Yoon%2C+Hong-Jun%3BXu%2C+Songhua%3BTourassi%2C+Georgia&rft.aulast=Yoon&rft.aufirst=Hong-Jun&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Journal+of+Biomedical+and+Health+Informatics&rft.issn=2168-2208&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FBHI.2016.7455960 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air pollution; Conferences; Informatics; Particulate matter; Geographical variations; Lung cancer; Particle size; EPA; Health risks; Pollution effects; Particulates; Time series analysis; Cancer DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/BHI.2016.7455960 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dual nitrate isotopes clarify the role of biological processing and hydrologic flow paths on nitrogen cycling in subtropical low-gradient watersheds AN - 1780524963; PQ0002833263 AB - Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient as it often limits productivity but in excess can impair water quality. Most studies on watershed N cycling have occurred in upland forested catchments where snowmelt dominates N export; fewer studies have focused on low-relief watersheds that lack snow. We examined watershed N cycling in three adjacent, low-relief watersheds in the Upper Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States to better understand the role of hydrological flow paths and biological transformations of N at the watershed scale. Groundwater was the dominant source of nitrified N to stream water in two of the three watersheds, while atmospheric deposition comprised 28% of stream water nitrate in one watershed. The greater atmospheric contribution may have been due to the larger stream channel area relative to total watershed area or the dominance of shallow subsurface flow paths contributing to stream flow in this watershed. There was a positive relationship between temperature and stream water ammonium concentrations and a negative relationship between temperature and stream water nitrate concentrations in each watershed suggesting that N cycling processes (i.e., nitrification and denitrification) varied seasonally. However, there were no clear patterns in the importance of denitrification in different water pools possibly because a variety of factors (i.e., assimilatory uptake, dissimilatory uptake, and mixing) affected nitrate concentrations. Together, these results highlight the hydrological and biological controls on N cycling in low-gradient watersheds and variability in N delivery flow paths among adjacent watersheds with similar physical characteristics. Key Points * Groundwater was the dominant source of nitrified N to streams in low-gradient watersheds * However, despite flat topography, precipitation was a measureable source of stream nitrate * N delivery flow paths varied among adjacent watersheds with similar characteristics JF - Journal of Geophysical Research. G. Biogeosciences AU - Griffiths, Natalie A AU - Jackson, CRhett AU - McDonnell, Jeffrey J AU - Klaus, Julian AU - Du, Enhao AU - Bitew, Menberu M AD - Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DA - February 2016 SP - 422 EP - 437 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United States VL - 121 IS - 2 SN - 2169-8953, 2169-8953 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Flow KW - Transformation KW - Biological control KW - Nitrate KW - Isotopes KW - Nutrients KW - USA, Southeast KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Streams KW - Denitrification KW - Absorption KW - Ground water KW - Topography KW - Temperature effects KW - Ammonium KW - Physical characteristics KW - Nitrates KW - Snow KW - Temperature KW - Precipitation KW - Water temperature KW - Dominance KW - Nitrification KW - Stream KW - Nitrogen cycle KW - Uptake KW - Groundwater KW - Nitrogen KW - Q2 09262:Methods and instruments KW - SW 0810:General KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1780524963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+G.+Biogeosciences&rft.atitle=Dual+nitrate+isotopes+clarify+the+role+of+biological+processing+and+hydrologic+flow+paths+on+nitrogen+cycling+in+subtropical+low-gradient+watersheds&rft.au=Griffiths%2C+Natalie+A%3BJackson%2C+CRhett%3BMcDonnell%2C+Jeffrey+J%3BKlaus%2C+Julian%3BDu%2C+Enhao%3BBitew%2C+Menberu+M&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=422&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+G.+Biogeosciences&rft.issn=21698953&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2015JG003189 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Temperature effects; Nitrification; Denitrification; Stream; Uptake; Nitrogen cycle; Water temperature; Watersheds; Transformation; Ammonium; Nitrate; Physical characteristics; Isotopes; Snow; Nutrients; Precipitation; Water quality; Streams; Dominance; Ground water; Nitrogen; Topography; Flow; Nitrates; Absorption; Temperature; Groundwater; USA, Southeast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003189 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of precipitation variability on plant species and community water stress in a temperate deciduous forest in the central US AN - 1778029971; PQ0002440172 AB - Variations in precipitation regimes can shift ecosystem structure and function by altering frequency, severity and timing of plant water stress. There is a need for predictively understanding impacts of precipitation regimes on plant water stress in relation to species water use strategies. Here we first formulated two complementary, physiologically-linked measures of precipitation variability (PV)-Precipitation Variability Index (PVI) and Average Recurrence Interval of Effective Precipitation (ARIEP). We then used nine-year continuous measurements of Predawn Leaf Water Potential Integral (PLWPI) in a central US forest to relate PVI and ARIEP to actual plant water availability and comparative water stress responses of six species with different capacities to regulate their internal water status. We found that PVI and ARIEP explained nearly all inter-annual variations in PLWPI for all species as well as for the community scaled from species measurements. The six species investigated showed differential sensitivities to variations in precipitation regimes. Their sensitivities were reflected more in the responses to PVI and ARIEP than to the mean precipitation rate. Further, they exhibited tradeoffs between responses to low and high PV. Finally, PVI and ARIEP were closely correlated with temporal integrals of positive temperature anomalies and vapor pressure deficit. We suggest that the comparative responses of plant species to PV are part of species-specific water use strategies in a plant community facing the uncertainty of fluctuating precipitation regimes. PVI and ARIEP should be adopted as key indices to quantify physiological drought and the ecological impacts of precipitation regimes in a changing climate. JF - Agricultural and Forest Meteorology AU - Gu, Lianhong AU - Pallardy, Stephen G AU - Hosman, Kevin P AU - Sun, Ying AD - Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA Y1 - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DA - February 2016 SP - 120 EP - 136 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 217 SN - 0168-1923, 0168-1923 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Precipitation variability index KW - Average recurrence interval KW - Effective precipitation KW - Predawn leaf water potential KW - Physiological drought KW - Ecology KW - Communities KW - Integrals KW - Strategy KW - Precipitation (meteorological) KW - Forests KW - Precipitation KW - Stresses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1778029971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+precipitation+variability+on+plant+species+and+community+water+stress+in+a+temperate+deciduous+forest+in+the+central+US&rft.au=Gu%2C+Lianhong%3BPallardy%2C+Stephen+G%3BHosman%2C+Kevin+P%3BSun%2C+Ying&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=Lianhong&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=217&rft.issue=&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agricultural+and+Forest+Meteorology&rft.issn=01681923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.agrformet.2015.11.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.11.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of whole cell wall NMR by the direct-dissolution of biomass AN - 1776655431; PQ0002749027 AB - To fully realize the potential of lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable resource for the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials, an improved understanding of the chemical and molecular structures within biomass and how those structures are formed during biosynthesis and transformed during (thermochemical and biological) conversion must be developed. This effort will require analytical techniques which are not only in-depth, rapid, and cost-effective, but also leave native cell wall features intact. Whole plant cell wall nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis facilitates unparalleled structural characterization of lignocellulosic biomass without causing (or with minimal) structural modification. The objective of this review is to summarize research pertaining to solution- or gel-state whole plant cell wall NMR analysis of biomass, demonstrating the capability of NMR to delineate the structural features and transformations of biomass. In particular, this review will focus on the application of a two-dimensional solution-state NMR technique and perdeuterated ionic liquid based organic electrolyte solvents for the direct dissolution and analysis of biomass. We believe this type of analysis will be critical to advancing biofuel research, improving bioprocessing methodology, and enhancing plant bioengineering efforts. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Foston, Marcus AU - Samuel, Reichel AU - He, Jian AU - Ragauskas, Arthur J AD - Department of Energy (DOE) BioEnergy Science Center (BESC); USA; +(314) 935-7211; +(314) 935-7866 Y1 - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DA - February 2016 SP - 608 EP - 621 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776655431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=A+review+of+whole+cell+wall+NMR+by+the+direct-dissolution+of+biomass&rft.au=Foston%2C+Marcus%3BSamuel%2C+Reichel%3BHe%2C+Jian%3BRagauskas%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Foston&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=608&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5gc02828k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 88 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc02828k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organ and effective dose coefficients for cranial and caudal irradiation geometries: photons AN - 1773831604; PQ0002692841 AB - With the introduction of new recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in Publication 103, the methodology for determining the protection quantity, effective dose, has been modified. The modifications include changes to the defined organs and tissues, the associated tissue weighting factors, radiation weighting factors and the introduction of reference sex-specific computational phantoms. Computations of equivalent doses in organs and tissues are now performed in both the male and female phantoms and the sex-averaged values used to determine the effective dose. Dose coefficients based on the ICRP 103 recommendations were reported in ICRP Publication 116, the revision of ICRP Publication 74 and ICRU Publication 57. The coefficients were determined for the following irradiation geometries: anterior-posterior (AP), posterior-anterior (PA), right and left lateral (RLAT and LLAT), rotational (ROT) and isotropic (ISO). In this work, the methodology of ICRP Publication 116 was used to compute dose coefficients for photon irradiation of the body with parallel beams directed upward from below the feet (caudal) and directed downward from above the head (cranial). These geometries may be encountered in the workplace from personnel standing on contaminated surfaces or volumes and from overhead sources. Calculations of organ and tissue kerma and absorbed doses for caudal and cranial exposures to photons ranging in energy from 10 keV to 10 GeV have been performed using the MCNP6.1 radiation transport code and the adult reference phantoms of ICRP Publication 110. As with calculations reported in ICRP 116, the effects of charged-particle transport are evident when compared with values obtained by using the kerma approximation. At lower energies the effective dose per particle fluence for cranial and caudal exposures is less than AP orientations while above ~30 MeV the cranial and caudal values are greater. JF - Radiation Protection Dosimetry AU - Veinot, K G AU - Eckerman, K F AU - Hertel, N E AD - Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, veinotkg@y12.doe.gov Y1 - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DA - February 2016 SP - 167 EP - 174 PB - Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP United Kingdom VL - 168 IS - 2 SN - 0144-8420, 0144-8420 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Radiation KW - Dose-response effects KW - Irradiation KW - Energy KW - Commissions KW - Dosimetry KW - Particulates KW - Organs KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1773831604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+Protection+Dosimetry&rft.atitle=Organ+and+effective+dose+coefficients+for+cranial+and+caudal+irradiation+geometries%3A+photons&rft.au=Veinot%2C+K+G%3BEckerman%2C+K+F%3BHertel%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Veinot&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+Protection+Dosimetry&rft.issn=01448420&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Frpd%2Fncv183 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Radiation; Energy; Irradiation; Dose-response effects; Dosimetry; Commissions; Particulates; Organs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncv183 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cosolvent pretreatment in cellulosic biofuel production: effect of tetrahydrofuran-water on lignin structure and dynamics AN - 1773827384; PQ0002715402 AB - The deconstruction of cellulose is an essential step in the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. However, the presence of lignin hinders this process. Recently, a novel cosolvent based biomass pretreatment method called CELF (Cosolvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation) which employs tetrahydrofuran (THF) in a single phase mixture with water, was found to be highly effective at solubilizing and extracting lignin from lignocellulosic biomass and achieving high yields of fermentable sugars. Here, using all-atom molecular-dynamics simulation, we find that THF preferentially solvates lignin, and in doing so, shifts the equilibrium configurational distribution of the biopolymer from a crumpled globule to coil, independent of temperature. Whereas pure water is a bad solvent for lignin, the THF : water cosolvent acts as a "theta" solvent, in which solvent : lignin and lignin : lignin interactions are approximately equivalent in strength. Under these conditions, polymers do not aggregate, thus providing a mechanism for the observed lignin solubilization that facilitates unfettered access of celluloytic enzymes to cellulose. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Smith, Micholas Dean AU - Mostofian, Barmak AU - Cheng, Xiaolin AU - Petridis, Loukas AU - Cai, Charles M AU - Wyman, Charles E AU - Smith, Jeremy C AD - Center for Molecular Biophysics; University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge; TN; 37830; USA; +1-865-576-7651; +1-865-574-9635/591-4805 Y1 - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DA - February 2016 SP - 1268 EP - 1277 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Cellulose KW - Biopolymers KW - Solubilization KW - Ethanol KW - Sugar KW - tetrahydrofuran KW - Temperature preferences KW - Temperature KW - Solvents KW - Simulation KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Fractionation KW - Green development KW - Lignin KW - Polymers KW - Biofuels KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1773827384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Cosolvent+pretreatment+in+cellulosic+biofuel+production%3A+effect+of+tetrahydrofuran-water+on+lignin+structure+and+dynamics&rft.au=Smith%2C+Micholas+Dean%3BMostofian%2C+Barmak%3BCheng%2C+Xiaolin%3BPetridis%2C+Loukas%3BCai%2C+Charles+M%3BWyman%2C+Charles+E%3BSmith%2C+Jeremy+C&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Micholas&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5gc01952d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; tetrahydrofuran; Temperature preferences; Solubilization; Cellulose; Lignin; Biopolymers; Solvents; Enzymes; Biomass; Biofuels; Ethanol; Fuel technology; Temperature; Simulation; Fractionation; Green development; Polymers DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc01952d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Iron redox cycling and impacts on phosphorus solubility in tundra and Boreal ecosystems AN - 1873350302; 2017-013742 AB - Rapidly changing climate in high-latitude regions is altering biogeochemical cycles and potentially shifting arctic and sub-arctic ecosystems from sinks to sources of atmospheric carbon. Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient whose availability, along with nitrogen, may limit biological productivity and carbon storage in northern ecosystems. Here, we investigate the potential for phosphate adsorption to poorly-crystalline iron (Fe) oxide minerals that precipitate during drainage and drying of anoxic peat soils to limit P bioavailability in high-latitude wetlands. We compare Fe and P geochemistry in organic-rich soils collected from either relatively depressed and saturated or elevated and dry microtopographic positions in sites spanning a latitudinal gradient in North America, including tundra (Barrow Environmental Observatory, AK; Toolik Lake Field Station, AK) and boreal (Bonanza Creek Environmental Forest, AK; Marcell Experimental Forest, MN) ecosystems. We consider differences in soil saturation between microtopographic positions to be proxies for hydrologic changes driven by altered climate. To assess P sorption to Fe-oxides, we use phosphate sorption assays to evaluate the capacity for soils to bind phosphate and sequential extractions to quantify Fe phases including poorly-crystalline iron oxides. Our results indicate that phosphate sorption capacity differs across microtopographic gradients, and zones of high phosphate sorption capacity may coincide with Fe-oxide accumulation at oxic-anoxic interfaces. Consequently, projected temperature increases in arctic and boreal regions may influence P availability due to increased association with poorly-crystalline Fe-oxides that precipitate as water tables lower in drying peatlands, wetlands, and polygonal landscapes. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Duroe, Kiersten AU - Mills, Jonathan AU - Wullschleger, Stan AU - Sebestyen, Stephen D AU - Kinsman-Costello, Lauren E AU - Herndon, Elizabeth AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - Abstract no. 93 EP - 3 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 48 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1873350302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Iron+redox+cycling+and+impacts+on+phosphorus+solubility+in+tundra+and+Boreal+ecosystems&rft.au=Duroe%2C+Kiersten%3BMills%2C+Jonathan%3BWullschleger%2C+Stan%3BSebestyen%2C+Stephen+D%3BKinsman-Costello%2C+Lauren+E%3BHerndon%2C+Elizabeth%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Duroe&rft.aufirst=Kiersten&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2016 annual meeting & exposition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-02 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural organic matter on the redox transformation and cycling of metals and radionuclides in the environment AN - 1873349301; 2017-013740 AB - Natural organic matter (NOM) consists of chemically heterogeneous, polyfunctional organic compounds that exist ubiquitously in aquatic and terrestrial environments. NOM forms strong complexes with metal ions and radionuclides and directly or indirectly participate in electron transfer reactions, thereby affecting chemical speciation, mobility and cycling of metals in the environment. In this presentation, coupled chemical and biological redox reactions between NOM and metal ions [e.g., iron (Fe) and mercury (Hg)] and radionuclides [e.g., uranium (U) and technetium (Tc)] are discussed. NOM is found to play multifunctional roles in mediating redox transformations of metals and radionuclides: As an electron donor under reducing conditions, NOM can rapidly reduce ferric Fe(III) to ferrous Fe(II) and transform soluble U(VI) and Tc(VII) to sparingly-soluble U(IV) and Tc(IV) solids, or mercuric Hg(II) to gaseous elemental Hg(0). As an electron shuttle, NOM also enhances the rates of biological reduction of these metals, particularly metal oxides (such as iron oxide minerals), where electron transfer or direct contact between microbes and oxide minerals may be rate-limiting. Importantly, the reduced NOM is also found to oxidize elemental Hg(0) back to Hg(II), resulting from thiol-induced oxidative complexation between Hg(II) and reduced -S in anoxic environments. In these processes, the reduced NOM converts Hg(II) to Hg(0) at relatively low NOM/Hg ratios due to the presence of reduced semiquinone moieties, but at relatively high DOM/Hg ratios, the reaction is reversed due to increased thiols and thus thiol-induced oxidation. However, as an electron acceptor under oxidizing conditions, NOM enhances the oxidation of reduced U(IV) and Tc(IV) and thus the rates of dissolution of U(IV) and Tc(IV) solids. This research highlights NOM multifunctional roles and its coupled chemical and biological reactions on redox transformations of metals and radionuclides as critical factors controlling metal speciation, transport, and geochemical cycling in the environment. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Gu, Baohua AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - Abstract no. 93 EP - 1 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 48 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1873349301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Natural+organic+matter+on+the+redox+transformation+and+cycling+of+metals+and+radionuclides+in+the+environment&rft.au=Gu%2C+Baohua%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=Baohua&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2016 annual meeting & exposition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-02 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of surfactants on the rate of water imbibition in fractured shales AN - 1873349164; 2017-013602 AB - Hydraulic fracturing of shale reservoirs often requires millions of gallons of freshwater but only a fraction of the injected water returns to the surface. The majority of this water is imbibed into the shale. Such water loss in low permeability reservoirs usually results in reduced reservoir gas production, however, shale gas production has been demonstrated to be positively correlated with the amount of water imbibed by the shale. Little is known about the controlling mechanisms that result in enhanced gas production corresponding with a higher amount of water imbibition. Here we study the effect of two commonly used surfactants in hydraulic fracturing on the rate of water uptake within Marcellus shale micro-fractures using an in-situ neutron imaging technique. The rate of capillary rise for fluids containing a 1:1 mixture of two commonly used surfactants in hydraulic fracturing fluids (cationic n-octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) and anionic surfactant ammonium dodecyl sulfete (ADS)) was studied within shale micro-fractures through use of neutron imaging at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory High Flux Isotope Reactor. Boltzman analysis was use to fit the water imbibition front along shale micro-fractures to quantify the rate of water uptake and determine the sorptivity constant for each experiment. Initial results suggest a 29% reduction in the rate of water imbibition due to an increase in concentration of the 1:1 ADS/OTAC mixture from 0.1 mM to 0.9 mM. The correlation between the mineral spatial distribution along shale surfaces and initial fracture geometry with the rate of water uptake were also examined. This was accomplished by also examining water imbibition rates along fractures of pure calcite and quartz sample and by systematically varying the fracture aperture of the tested samples. Full 3D CT scans of shales before and after the surfactant exposure were also carried out to reconstruct and characterize the location of water within the rock (e.g., microfractures vs. micropores). Results from this study provide additional insight into the role of surface-active agents in promoting greater water loss and higher gas production in hydraulically fractured shale reservoirs. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Das, Saikat AU - Dhiman, Indu AU - Bilheux, Hassina Z AU - Ellis, Brian R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - Abstract no. 33 EP - 5 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 48 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1873349164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Effect+of+surfactants+on+the+rate+of+water+imbibition+in+fractured+shales&rft.au=Das%2C+Saikat%3BDhiman%2C+Indu%3BBilheux%2C+Hassina+Z%3BEllis%2C+Brian+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Saikat&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2016 annual meeting & exposition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-02 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogen water mixtures: Dynamics in amorphous deposits and surprises of hydrogen hydrate under high vacuum AN - 1861112712; 782778-1 JF - V.M. Goldschmidt Conference - Program and Abstracts AU - Tulk, C A AU - Kolesnikov, A AU - Molaison, J J AU - Koh, C AU - Ripmeester, J A AU - Klug, D D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 3201 PB - Goldschmidt Conference, [varies] VL - 26 SN - 1042-7287, 1042-7287 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1861112712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Hydrogen+water+mixtures%3A+Dynamics+in+amorphous+deposits+and+surprises+of+hydrogen+hydrate+under+high+vacuum&rft.au=Tulk%2C+C+A%3BKolesnikov%2C+A%3BMolaison%2C+J+J%3BKoh%2C+C%3BRipmeester%2C+J+A%3BKlug%2C+D+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Tulk&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=3201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.issn=10427287&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://goldschmidt.info/2016/uploads/abstracts/finalPDFs/3201.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt 2016 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling the spatiotemporal variability in subsurface thermal regimes across a low-relief polygonal tundra landscape AN - 1861108280; 787111-22 AB - Vast carbon stocks stored in permafrost soils of Arctic tundra are under risk of release to the atmosphere under warming climate scenarios. Ice-wedge polygons in the low-gradient polygonal tundra create a complex mosaic of microtopographic features. This microtopography plays a critical role in regulating the fine-scale variability in thermal and hydrological regimes in the polygonal tundra landscape underlain by continuous permafrost. Modeling of thermal regimes of this sensitive ecosystem is essential for understanding the landscape behavior under the current as well as changing climate. We present here an end-to-end effort for high-resolution numerical modeling of thermal hydrology at real-world field sites, utilizing the best available data to characterize and parameterize the models. We develop approaches to model the thermal hydrology of polygonal tundra and apply them at four study sites near Barrow, Alaska, spanning across low to transitional to high-centered polygons, representing a broad polygonal tundra landscape. A multiphase subsurface thermal hydrology model (PFLOTRAN) was developed and applied to study the thermal regimes at four sites. Using a high-resolution lidar digital elevation model (DEM), microtopographic features of the landscape were characterized and represented in the high-resolution model mesh. The best available soil data from field observations and literature were utilized to represent the complex heterogeneous subsurface in the numerical model. Simulation results demonstrate the ability of the developed modeling approach to capture - without recourse to model calibration - several aspects of the complex thermal regimes across the sites, and provide insights into the critical role of polygonal tundra microtopography in regulating the thermal dynamics of the carbon-rich permafrost soils. Areas of significant disagreement between model results and observations highlight the importance of field-based observations of soil thermal and hydraulic properties for modeling-based studies of permafrost thermal dynamics, and provide motivation and guidance for future observations that will help address model and data gaps affecting our current understanding of the system. JF - The Cryosphere (Online) AU - Kumar, Jitendra AU - Collier, Nathan AU - Bisht, Gautam AU - Mills, Richard T AU - Thornton, Peter E AU - Iversen, Colleen M AU - Romanovsky, Vladimir Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 2241 EP - 2274 PB - Copernicus on behalf of the European Geosciences Union, Katlenburg-Lindau VL - 10 IS - 5 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1861108280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cryosphere+%28Online%29&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+spatiotemporal+variability+in+subsurface+thermal+regimes+across+a+low-relief+polygonal+tundra+landscape&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Jitendra%3BCollier%2C+Nathan%3BBisht%2C+Gautam%3BMills%2C+Richard+T%3BThornton%2C+Peter+E%3BIversen%2C+Colleen+M%3BRomanovsky%2C+Vladimir&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Jitendra&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Cryosphere+%28Online%29&rft.issn=1994-0424&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/2241/2016/tc-10-2241-2016.pdf http://www.the-cryosphere.net/volumes_and_issues.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data from Copernicus Gesellschaft, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure, stability and themoelastic properties of CO2-IV AN - 1861091434; 782770-21 JF - V.M. Goldschmidt Conference - Program and Abstracts AU - Palaich, S E M AU - Makhluf, A R AU - Santamaria-Perez, D AU - Tulk, C A AU - Molaison, J AU - Guthrie, M AU - Kavner, A AU - Manning, C E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 2421 PB - Goldschmidt Conference, [varies] VL - 26 SN - 1042-7287, 1042-7287 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1861091434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Structure%2C+stability+and+themoelastic+properties+of+CO2-IV&rft.au=Palaich%2C+S+E+M%3BMakhluf%2C+A+R%3BSantamaria-Perez%2C+D%3BTulk%2C+C+A%3BMolaison%2C+J%3BGuthrie%2C+M%3BKavner%2C+A%3BManning%2C+C+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Palaich&rft.aufirst=S+E&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.issn=10427287&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://goldschmidt.info/2016/uploads/abstracts/finalPDFs/2421.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt 2016 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Dynamic Nature of Resource Availability: The Cases of Copper and Rare Earths AN - 1861078133; 784673-17 AB - "Resources are not, they become" is how E.W. Zimmerman [1] described the dynamic nature of resource availability. In a physical sense, minerals and metals in the earth's crust, as well as those embodied in in-use and discarded products, are fixed in size or quantity. They are a fixed stock. In an economic sense, however, mineral and metal resources are anything but fixed. They become available-or are removed from availability-as a result of human activity, which in turn is a function of economic, social, environmental and political factors. This paper reviews the history of resource development for copper, a metal with a long history of human use, and rare earths, a family of metals that has seen widespread use only in the last half century. The paper places special focus on how society has responded to periodic concerns about resource shortages and the implications for future resource availability. JF - International Geological Congress, Abstracts = Congres Geologique International, Resumes AU - Eggert, R G AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 EP - Abstract 3048 PB - [International Geological Congress], [location varies] VL - 35 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1861078133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts+%3D+Congres+Geologique+International%2C+Resumes&rft.atitle=The+Dynamic+Nature+of+Resource+Availability%3A+The+Cases+of+Copper+and+Rare+Earths&rft.au=Eggert%2C+R+G%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Eggert&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Geological+Congress%2C+Abstracts+%3D+Congres+Geologique+International%2C+Resumes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.americangeosciences.org/sites/default/files/igc/3048.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 35th international geological congress N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by International Geological Congress Organizational Committee N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - CODEN - IGABBY ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Process-rich projections of permafrost integrates surface/subsurface thermal hydrology in a warming climate AN - 1855320189; 2017-002873 JF - International Conference on Permafrost - Book of Abstracts AU - Painter, Scott L AU - Coon, Ethan T AU - Atchley, Adam AU - Jan, Ahmad Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 682 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 11 KW - United States KW - hydrology KW - permafrost KW - degradation KW - snow cover KW - Arctic region KW - global change KW - thawing KW - climate change KW - Barrow Alaska KW - temperature KW - snow KW - climate effects KW - Alaska KW - global warming KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1855320189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Process-rich+projections+of+permafrost+integrates+surface%2Fsubsurface+thermal+hydrology+in+a+warming+climate&rft.au=Painter%2C+Scott+L%3BCoon%2C+Ethan+T%3BAtchley%2C+Adam%3BJan%2C+Ahmad&rft.aulast=Painter&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=682&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eleventh international conference on Permafrost; exploring permafrost in a future Earth N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 4 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-05 N1 - CODEN - #07985 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; Arctic region; Barrow Alaska; climate change; climate effects; degradation; global change; global warming; hydrology; permafrost; snow; snow cover; temperature; thawing; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The InterFrost benchmark of thermo-hydraulic codes for cold regions hydrology; first inter-comparison phase results AN - 1855319106; 2017-002858 JF - International Conference on Permafrost - Book of Abstracts AU - Grenier, Christophe AU - Anbergen, Hauke AU - Bense, Victor Franciscus AU - Coon, Ethan T AU - Collier, Nathaniel AU - Costard, Francois AU - Ferry, Michel AU - Frampton, Andrew AU - Frederick, Jennifer AU - Holmen, Johan AU - Jost, Anne AU - Kokh, Samuel AU - Kurylyk, Barret AU - McKenzie, Jeffrey AU - Molson, John AU - Orgogozo, Laurent AU - Pannetier, Romain AU - Riviere, Agnes AU - Roux, Nicolas AU - Ruehaak, Wolfram AU - Scheidegger, Johanna AU - Selroos, Jan-Olof AU - Therrien, Rene AU - Vidstrand, Patrik AU - Voss, Clifford Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 660 EP - 662 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 11 KW - hydrology KW - permafrost KW - degradation KW - Arctic region KW - global KW - surface features KW - climate effects KW - geomorphology KW - thawing KW - taliks KW - climate change KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1855319106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.atitle=The+InterFrost+benchmark+of+thermo-hydraulic+codes+for+cold+regions+hydrology%3B+first+inter-comparison+phase+results&rft.au=Grenier%2C+Christophe%3BAnbergen%2C+Hauke%3BBense%2C+Victor+Franciscus%3BCoon%2C+Ethan+T%3BCollier%2C+Nathaniel%3BCostard%2C+Francois%3BFerry%2C+Michel%3BFrampton%2C+Andrew%3BFrederick%2C+Jennifer%3BHolmen%2C+Johan%3BJost%2C+Anne%3BKokh%2C+Samuel%3BKurylyk%2C+Barret%3BMcKenzie%2C+Jeffrey%3BMolson%2C+John%3BOrgogozo%2C+Laurent%3BPannetier%2C+Romain%3BRiviere%2C+Agnes%3BRoux%2C+Nicolas%3BRuehaak%2C+Wolfram%3BScheidegger%2C+Johanna%3BSelroos%2C+Jan-Olof%3BTherrien%2C+Rene%3BVidstrand%2C+Patrik%3BVoss%2C+Clifford&rft.aulast=Grenier&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=660&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eleventh international conference on Permafrost; exploring permafrost in a future Earth N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-05 N1 - CODEN - #07985 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arctic region; climate change; climate effects; degradation; geomorphology; global; hydrology; permafrost; surface features; taliks; thawing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rare Earths: Market Disruption, Innovation, and Global Supply Chains AN - 1837292600; PQ0003781763 AB - Rare earths, sometimes called the vitamins of modern materials, captured public attention when their prices increased more than tenfold in 2010 and 2011. As prices fell between 2011 and 2016, rare earths receded from public view, but less visibly, they became a major focus of innovative activity in companies, government laboratories, and universities. Geoscientists worked to better understand the resource base and improve our knowledge about mineral deposits that can be mines in the future. Process engineers carried out research that is making primary production and recycling more efficient. Materials scientists and engineers searched for substitutes that require fewer or no rare earths while providing properties comparable or superior to those of existing materials. As a result, even though global supply chains are not significantly different now than they were before the market disruption, the innovative activity motivated by the disruption will likely have far-reaching, if unpredictable, consequences for supply chains of rare earths in the future. JF - Annual Review of Environment and Resources AU - Eggert, Roderick AU - Wadia, Cyrus AU - Anderson, Corby AU - Bauer, Diana AU - Fields, Fletcher AU - Meinert, Lawrence AU - Taylor, Patrick AD - Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, and Critical Materials Institute, reggert@mines.edu Y1 - 2016///0, PY - 2016 DA - 0, 2016 SP - 199 EP - 222 PB - Annual Reviews, Inc., 4139 El Camino Way Palo Alto CA 94303-0139 United States VL - 41 SN - 1543-5938, 1543-5938 KW - Environment Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - lanthanides KW - extractive metallurgy KW - material substitution KW - recycling KW - Vitamins KW - Recycling KW - Mines KW - Minerals KW - Primary production KW - Innovations KW - Waste management KW - ENA 17:Waste Management-Solid KW - M2 551.5:General (551.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1837292600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Environment+and+Resources&rft.atitle=Rare+Earths%3A+Market+Disruption%2C+Innovation%2C+and+Global+Supply+Chains&rft.au=Eggert%2C+Roderick%3BWadia%2C+Cyrus%3BAnderson%2C+Corby%3BBauer%2C+Diana%3BFields%2C+Fletcher%3BMeinert%2C+Lawrence%3BTaylor%2C+Patrick&rft.aulast=Eggert&rft.aufirst=Roderick&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Review+of+Environment+and+Resources&rft.issn=15435938&rft_id=info:doi/10.1146%2Fannurev-environ-110615-085700 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Primary production; Vitamins; Mines; Recycling; Minerals; Waste management; Innovations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085700 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Architected geomaterial development for geochemical research AN - 1832729570; 2016-090136 JF - V.M. Goldschmidt Conference - Program and Abstracts AU - Anovitz, Lawrence M AU - Cheshire, Michael AU - Di Stefano, Victoria AU - Prisk, Timothy AU - Mildner, David AU - Littrell, Kenneth C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 81 PB - Goldschmidt Conference, [varies] VL - 26 SN - 1042-7287, 1042-7287 KW - fractured materials KW - sedimentary rocks KW - materials KW - metamorphic rocks KW - heterogeneity KW - research KW - geochemistry KW - samples KW - porosity KW - cores KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832729570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Architected+geomaterial+development+for+geochemical+research&rft.au=Anovitz%2C+Lawrence+M%3BCheshire%2C+Michael%3BDi+Stefano%2C+Victoria%3BPrisk%2C+Timothy%3BMildner%2C+David%3BLittrell%2C+Kenneth+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Anovitz&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.issn=10427287&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://goldschmidt.info/2016/uploads/abstracts/finalPDFs/81.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt 2016 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cores; fractured materials; geochemistry; heterogeneity; materials; metamorphic rocks; porosity; research; samples; sedimentary rocks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineral dissolution observed in real time and in situ by liquid cell TEM: a new frontier AN - 1832670319; 782756-98 JF - V.M. Goldschmidt Conference - Program and Abstracts AU - Hellmann, Roland AU - Leonard, Donovan AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 1098 PB - Goldschmidt Conference, [varies] VL - 26 SN - 1042-7287, 1042-7287 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832670319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Mineral+dissolution+observed+in+real+time+and+in+situ+by+liquid+cell+TEM%3A+a+new+frontier&rft.au=Hellmann%2C+Roland%3BLeonard%2C+Donovan%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hellmann&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.issn=10427287&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://goldschmidt.info/2016/uploads/abstracts/finalPDFs/1098.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt 2016 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coupled interactions between mercury (Hg), organic ligands, and microorganisms on Hg reduction, oxidation, and methylation AN - 1832669771; 782755-96 JF - V.M. Goldschmidt Conference - Program and Abstracts AU - Gu, Baohua AU - Lu, Xia AU - Lin, Hui AU - Pierce, Eric AU - Liang, Liyuan AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 996 PB - Goldschmidt Conference, [varies] VL - 26 SN - 1042-7287, 1042-7287 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832669771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Coupled+interactions+between+mercury+%28Hg%29%2C+organic+ligands%2C+and+microorganisms+on+Hg+reduction%2C+oxidation%2C+and+methylation&rft.au=Gu%2C+Baohua%3BLu%2C+Xia%3BLin%2C+Hui%3BPierce%2C+Eric%3BLiang%2C+Liyuan%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=Baohua&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=996&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.issn=10427287&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://goldschmidt.info/2016/uploads/abstracts/finalPDFs/996.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt 2016 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The temporal evolution of changes in carbon storage in the northern permafrost region simulated by carbon cycle models between 2010 and 2300; implications for atmospheric carbon dynamics AN - 1832648934; 781050-9 JF - International Conference on Permafrost - Book of Abstracts AU - McGuire, A David AU - Lawrence, David AU - Burke, Eleanor AU - Chen, Guangsheng AU - Jafarov, Elchin AU - Koven, Charles AU - MacDougall, Andrew AU - Nicolsky, Dmitry AU - Peng, Shushi AU - Ji, Duoying Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 228 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 11 KW - permafrost KW - degradation KW - carbon sequestration KW - Arctic region KW - prediction KW - thawing KW - climate change KW - geochemical cycle KW - models KW - carbon KW - climate effects KW - carbon cycle KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832648934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.atitle=The+temporal+evolution+of+changes+in+carbon+storage+in+the+northern+permafrost+region+simulated+by+carbon+cycle+models+between+2010+and+2300%3B+implications+for+atmospheric+carbon+dynamics&rft.au=McGuire%2C+A+David%3BLawrence%2C+David%3BBurke%2C+Eleanor%3BChen%2C+Guangsheng%3BJafarov%2C+Elchin%3BKoven%2C+Charles%3BMacDougall%2C+Andrew%3BNicolsky%2C+Dmitry%3BPeng%2C+Shushi%3BJi%2C+Duoying&rft.aulast=McGuire&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eleventh international conference on Permafrost; exploring permafrost in a future Earth N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - CODEN - #07985 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arctic region; carbon; carbon cycle; carbon sequestration; climate change; climate effects; degradation; geochemical cycle; models; permafrost; prediction; thawing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High resolution soil temperature and active layer dataset for estimating rates of permafrost degradation and their impact on ecosystems, infrastructure, CO (sub 2) and CH (sub 4) fluxes and net C storage following permafrost thaw in Alaska and northwest Canada AN - 1832640095; 781053-28 JF - International Conference on Permafrost - Book of Abstracts AU - Marchenko, Sergey AU - Genet, Helene AU - Euskirchen, Eugenie AU - McGuire, David AU - Rupp, Scott AU - Bolton, W Robert AU - Breen, Amy AU - Waldrop, Mark AU - McAfee, Stephanie AU - Yuan, Fengming AU - Zhang, Yujin AU - Romanovsky, Vladimir AU - Walsh, John AU - Kurkowski, Tom AU - Lindgren, Michael AU - Bennett, Alec AU - Leonawicz, Matthew AU - Carman, Tobey AU - Floyd, Angie AU - Timm, Kristin Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 463 EP - 464 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 11 KW - United States KW - permafrost KW - degradation KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - ecosystems KW - climate change KW - temperature KW - carbon dioxide KW - carbon KW - climate effects KW - ecology KW - soils KW - methane KW - alkanes KW - Yukon Territory KW - thawing KW - geochemical cycle KW - organic compounds KW - Canada KW - hydrocarbons KW - Western Canada KW - Alaska KW - greenhouse gases KW - carbon cycle KW - active layer KW - frozen ground KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832640095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.atitle=High+resolution+soil+temperature+and+active+layer+dataset+for+estimating+rates+of+permafrost+degradation+and+their+impact+on+ecosystems%2C+infrastructure%2C+CO+%28sub+2%29+and+CH+%28sub+4%29+fluxes+and+net+C+storage+following+permafrost+thaw+in+Alaska+and+northwest+Canada&rft.au=Marchenko%2C+Sergey%3BGenet%2C+Helene%3BEuskirchen%2C+Eugenie%3BMcGuire%2C+David%3BRupp%2C+Scott%3BBolton%2C+W+Robert%3BBreen%2C+Amy%3BWaldrop%2C+Mark%3BMcAfee%2C+Stephanie%3BYuan%2C+Fengming%3BZhang%2C+Yujin%3BRomanovsky%2C+Vladimir%3BWalsh%2C+John%3BKurkowski%2C+Tom%3BLindgren%2C+Michael%3BBennett%2C+Alec%3BLeonawicz%2C+Matthew%3BCarman%2C+Tobey%3BFloyd%2C+Angie%3BTimm%2C+Kristin&rft.aulast=Marchenko&rft.aufirst=Sergey&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/10.2312%2FGFZ.LIS.2016.001 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eleventh international conference on Permafrost; exploring permafrost in a future Earth N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - CODEN - #07985 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - active layer; Alaska; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Canada; carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; climate change; climate effects; degradation; ecology; ecosystems; frozen ground; geochemical cycle; greenhouse gases; hydrocarbons; methane; organic compounds; permafrost; soils; temperature; thawing; United States; Western Canada; Yukon Territory DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.LIS.2016.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Challenges and Opportunities in the Extraction of Rare Earths AN - 1832633178; 782761-23 JF - V.M. Goldschmidt Conference - Program and Abstracts AU - King, Alexander H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 1523 PB - Goldschmidt Conference, [varies] VL - 26 SN - 1042-7287, 1042-7287 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832633178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Challenges+and+Opportunities+in+the+Extraction+of+Rare+Earths&rft.au=King%2C+Alexander+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1523&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.issn=10427287&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://goldschmidt.info/2016/uploads/abstracts/finalPDFs/1523.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt 2016 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury Methylation by Methylcobalamin: Kinetics and Mechanisms Revisited AN - 1832606648; 782764-2 JF - V.M. Goldschmidt Conference - Program and Abstracts AU - Liang, Liyuan AU - Gu, Baohua AU - Johnston, Ryne C AU - Ohs, A Lexander J AU - Neupane, Kosh AU - Parks, Jerry M AU - Rush, Katherine W AU - Tomanicek, Stephen J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 1802 PB - Goldschmidt Conference, [varies] VL - 26 SN - 1042-7287, 1042-7287 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832606648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Mercury+Methylation+by+Methylcobalamin%3A+Kinetics+and+Mechanisms+Revisited&rft.au=Liang%2C+Liyuan%3BGu%2C+Baohua%3BJohnston%2C+Ryne+C%3BOhs%2C+A+Lexander+J%3BNeupane%2C+Kosh%3BParks%2C+Jerry+M%3BRush%2C+Katherine+W%3BTomanicek%2C+Stephen+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Liang&rft.aufirst=Liyuan&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1802&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.issn=10427287&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://goldschmidt.info/2016/uploads/abstracts/finalPDFs/1802.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt 2016 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anaerobic Mercury Methylation and Demethylation by Geobacter bemidjiensis Bem AN - 1832606276; 782765-1 JF - V.M. Goldschmidt Conference - Program and Abstracts AU - Lu, Xia AU - Liu, Yurong AU - Johs, Alexander AU - Zhao, Linduo AU - Wang, Tieshan AU - Elias, Dwayne AU - Pierce, Eric AU - Liang, Liyuan AU - Barkay, Tamar AU - Gu, Baohua AU - Usa, Usa AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 1901 PB - Goldschmidt Conference, [varies] VL - 26 SN - 1042-7287, 1042-7287 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832606276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Anaerobic+Mercury+Methylation+and+Demethylation+by+Geobacter+bemidjiensis+Bem&rft.au=Lu%2C+Xia%3BLiu%2C+Yurong%3BJohs%2C+Alexander%3BZhao%2C+Linduo%3BWang%2C+Tieshan%3BElias%2C+Dwayne%3BPierce%2C+Eric%3BLiang%2C+Liyuan%3BBarkay%2C+Tamar%3BGu%2C+Baohua%3BUsa%2C+Usa%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Xia&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.issn=10427287&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://goldschmidt.info/2016/uploads/abstracts/finalPDFs/1901.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt 2016 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial Degradation and Community Changes to Crude Petroleum Oil in in Different Deep Oceans AN - 1832603438; 782764-39 JF - V.M. Goldschmidt Conference - Program and Abstracts AU - Liu, Jiang AU - Techtmann, Stephen M AU - Fortney, Julian L AU - Joyner, Dominique C AU - Hazen, Terry C AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 1839 PB - Goldschmidt Conference, [varies] VL - 26 SN - 1042-7287, 1042-7287 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832603438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Microbial+Degradation+and+Community+Changes+to+Crude+Petroleum+Oil+in+in+Different+Deep+Oceans&rft.au=Liu%2C+Jiang%3BTechtmann%2C+Stephen+M%3BFortney%2C+Julian+L%3BJoyner%2C+Dominique+C%3BHazen%2C+Terry+C%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Jiang&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1839&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+-+Program+and+Abstracts&rft.issn=10427287&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://goldschmidt.info/2016/uploads/abstracts/finalPDFs/1839.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Goldschmidt 2016 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact from groundwater flow on ground temperature dynamics; observations and numerical simulations for a sporadic permafrost peatland environment AN - 1828849972; 2016-086921 JF - International Conference on Permafrost - Book of Abstracts AU - Sjoberg, Ylva AU - Coon, Ethan AU - Sannel, Britta AU - Pannetier, Romain AU - Harp, Dylan R AU - Frampton, Andrew AU - Painter, Scott L AU - Lyon, Steve Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 700 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 11 KW - hydrology KW - peatlands KW - permafrost KW - Western Europe KW - numerical models KW - Europe KW - freezing KW - climate change KW - temperature KW - ground water KW - Scandinavia KW - mires KW - climate effects KW - hydrodynamics KW - seasonal variations KW - Sweden KW - northern Sweden KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1828849972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Impact+from+groundwater+flow+on+ground+temperature+dynamics%3B+observations+and+numerical+simulations+for+a+sporadic+permafrost+peatland+environment&rft.au=Sjoberg%2C+Ylva%3BCoon%2C+Ethan%3BSannel%2C+Britta%3BPannetier%2C+Romain%3BHarp%2C+Dylan+R%3BFrampton%2C+Andrew%3BPainter%2C+Scott+L%3BLyon%2C+Steve&rft.aulast=Sjoberg&rft.aufirst=Ylva&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=700&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eleventh international conference on Permafrost; exploring permafrost in a future Earth N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - #07985 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - climate change; climate effects; Europe; freezing; ground water; hydrodynamics; hydrology; mires; northern Sweden; numerical models; peatlands; permafrost; Scandinavia; seasonal variations; Sweden; temperature; Western Europe ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lateral and vertical fluxes of carbon and nitrogen from upland thermokarst AN - 1828847033; 2016-086971 JF - International Conference on Permafrost - Book of Abstracts AU - Abbott, Benjamin W AU - Jeremy, B J, Jr AU - Larouche, Julia R AU - Bowden, William B AU - Godsey, Sarah E AU - Balser, Andrew W Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 768 EP - 769 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 11 KW - United States KW - permafrost KW - degradation KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - climate change KW - nitrogen KW - carbon KW - climate effects KW - organic carbon KW - hydrology KW - methane KW - North Slope KW - solutes KW - alkanes KW - thawing KW - geochemical cycle KW - nitrogen cycle KW - organic compounds KW - thermokarst KW - hydrocarbons KW - Alaska KW - greenhouse gases KW - carbon cycle KW - landscapes KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1828847033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Lateral+and+vertical+fluxes+of+carbon+and+nitrogen+from+upland+thermokarst&rft.au=Abbott%2C+Benjamin+W%3BJeremy%2C+B+J%2C+Jr%3BLarouche%2C+Julia+R%3BBowden%2C+William+B%3BGodsey%2C+Sarah+E%3BBalser%2C+Andrew+W&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=768&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eleventh international conference on Permafrost; exploring permafrost in a future Earth N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - #07985 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; carbon; carbon cycle; climate change; climate effects; degradation; geochemical cycle; greenhouse gases; hydrocarbons; hydrology; landscapes; methane; nitrogen; nitrogen cycle; North Slope; organic carbon; organic compounds; permafrost; solutes; thawing; thermokarst; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing permafrost soil carbon pools from Earth system models to empirically derived datasets AN - 1824213775; 2016-085158 JF - International Conference on Permafrost (ICOP) Proceedings AU - Hugelius, Gustaf AU - McGuire, A David AU - Beer, Christian AU - Bohn, Theodore J AU - Burke, Eleanor J AU - Chadburn, Sarah E AU - Chen, Guangsheng AU - Chen, Xiaodong AU - Hayes, Daniel J AU - Jafarov, Elchin E AU - Koven, Charles D AU - Peng, Shushi AU - Schaefer, Kevin M Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 210 EP - 211 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 11 KW - soils KW - peatlands KW - permafrost KW - monitoring KW - degradation KW - global change KW - climate change KW - geochemical cycle KW - models KW - mires KW - carbon KW - climate effects KW - carbon cycle KW - organic carbon KW - global warming KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1824213775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+%28ICOP%29+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Comparing+permafrost+soil+carbon+pools+from+Earth+system+models+to+empirically+derived+datasets&rft.au=Hugelius%2C+Gustaf%3BMcGuire%2C+A+David%3BBeer%2C+Christian%3BBohn%2C+Theodore+J%3BBurke%2C+Eleanor+J%3BChadburn%2C+Sarah+E%3BChen%2C+Guangsheng%3BChen%2C+Xiaodong%3BHayes%2C+Daniel+J%3BJafarov%2C+Elchin+E%3BKoven%2C+Charles+D%3BPeng%2C+Shushi%3BSchaefer%2C+Kevin+M&rft.aulast=Hugelius&rft.aufirst=Gustaf&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+%28ICOP%29+Proceedings&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Eleventh international conference on Permafrost; exploring permafrost in a future Earth N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - CODEN - #00164 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon; carbon cycle; climate change; climate effects; degradation; geochemical cycle; global change; global warming; mires; models; monitoring; organic carbon; peatlands; permafrost; soils ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of cryofacies, surface and subsurface terrain conditions in the Brooks Range and foothills of northern Alaska, USA AN - 1819896040; 2016-079017 JF - International Conference on Permafrost - Book of Abstracts AU - Balser, Andrew AU - Jones, Jeremy AU - Jorgenson, Torre Y1 - 2016 PY - 2016 DA - 2016 SP - 147 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 11 KW - United States KW - permafrost KW - statistical analysis KW - periglacial features KW - vegetation KW - climate change KW - terrains KW - climate effects KW - ecology KW - Alaska KW - greenhouse gases KW - glacial geology KW - geomorphology KW - Brooks Range KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1819896040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+cryofacies%2C+surface+and+subsurface+terrain+conditions+in+the+Brooks+Range+and+foothills+of+northern+Alaska%2C+USA&rft.au=Balser%2C+Andrew%3BJones%2C+Jeremy%3BJorgenson%2C+Torre&rft.aulast=Balser&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Conference+on+Permafrost+-+Book+of+Abstracts&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - International Conference on Permafrost; exploring permafrost in a future Earth N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - #07985 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; Brooks Range; climate change; climate effects; ecology; geomorphology; glacial geology; greenhouse gases; periglacial features; permafrost; statistical analysis; terrains; United States; vegetation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward more realistic projections of soil carbon dynamics by Earth system models AN - 1789751392; 2016-045237 AB - Soil carbon (C) is a critical component of Earth system models (ESMs), and its diverse representations are a major source of the large spread across models in the terrestrial C sink from the third to fifth assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Improving soil C projections is of a high priority for Earth system modeling in the future IPCC and other assessments. To achieve this goal, we suggest that (1) model structures should reflect real-world processes, (2) parameters should be calibrated to match model outputs with observations, and (3) external forcing variables should accurately prescribe the environmental conditions that soils experience. First, most soil C cycle models simulate C input from litter production and C release through decomposition. The latter process has traditionally been represented by first-order decay functions, regulated primarily by temperature, moisture, litter quality, and soil texture. While this formulation well captures macroscopic soil organic C (SOC) dynamics, better understanding is needed of their underlying mechanisms as related to microbial processes, depth-dependent environmental controls, and other processes that strongly affect soil C dynamics. Second, incomplete use of observations in model parameterization is a major cause of bias in soil C projections from ESMs. Optimal parameter calibration with both pool- and flux-based data sets through data assimilation is among the highest priorities for near-term research to reduce biases among ESMs. Third, external variables are represented inconsistently among ESMs, leading to differences in modeled soil C dynamics. We recommend the implementation of traceability analyses to identify how external variables and model parameterizations influence SOC dynamics in different ESMs. Overall, projections of the terrestrial C sink can be substantially improved when reliable data sets are available to select the most representative model structure, constrain parameters, and prescribe forcing fields. Abstract Copyright (2015), . American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Luo, Yiqi AU - Ahlstrom, Anders AU - Allison, Steven D AU - Batjes, Niels H AU - Brovkin, Victor AU - Carvalhais, Nuno AU - Chappell, Adrian AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Davidson, Eric A AU - Finzi, Adien AU - Georgiou, Katerina AU - Guenet, Bertrand AU - Hararuk, Oleksandra AU - Harden, Jennifer W AU - He, Yujie AU - Hopkins, Francesca AU - Jiang, Lifen AU - Koven, Charlie AU - Jackson, Robert B AU - Jones, Chris D AU - Lara, Mark J AU - Liang, Junyi AU - McGuire, A David AU - Parton, William AU - Peng, Changhui AU - Randerson, James T AU - Salazar, Alejandro AU - Sierra, Carlos A AU - Smith, Matthew J AU - Tian, Hanqin AU - Todd-Brown, Katherine E O AU - Torn, Margaret AU - van Groenigen, Kees Jan AU - Wang, Ying Ping AU - West, Tristram O AU - Wei, Yaxing AU - Wieder, William R AU - Xia, Jianyang AU - Xu, Xia AU - Xu, Xiaofeng AU - Zhou, Tao Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 40 EP - 56 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - soils KW - numerical models KW - dynamics KW - carbon KW - sinks KW - global change KW - carbon cycle KW - geochemical cycle KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1789751392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Toward+more+realistic+projections+of+soil+carbon+dynamics+by+Earth+system+models&rft.au=Luo%2C+Yiqi%3BAhlstrom%2C+Anders%3BAllison%2C+Steven+D%3BBatjes%2C+Niels+H%3BBrovkin%2C+Victor%3BCarvalhais%2C+Nuno%3BChappell%2C+Adrian%3BCiais%2C+Philippe%3BDavidson%2C+Eric+A%3BFinzi%2C+Adien%3BGeorgiou%2C+Katerina%3BGuenet%2C+Bertrand%3BHararuk%2C+Oleksandra%3BHarden%2C+Jennifer+W%3BHe%2C+Yujie%3BHopkins%2C+Francesca%3BJiang%2C+Lifen%3BKoven%2C+Charlie%3BJackson%2C+Robert+B%3BJones%2C+Chris+D%3BLara%2C+Mark+J%3BLiang%2C+Junyi%3BMcGuire%2C+A+David%3BParton%2C+William%3BPeng%2C+Changhui%3BRanderson%2C+James+T%3BSalazar%2C+Alejandro%3BSierra%2C+Carlos+A%3BSmith%2C+Matthew+J%3BTian%2C+Hanqin%3BTodd-Brown%2C+Katherine+E+O%3BTorn%2C+Margaret%3Bvan+Groenigen%2C+Kees+Jan%3BWang%2C+Ying+Ping%3BWest%2C+Tristram+O%3BWei%2C+Yaxing%3BWieder%2C+William+R%3BXia%2C+Jianyang%3BXu%2C+Xia%3BXu%2C+Xiaofeng%3BZhou%2C+Tao&rft.aulast=Luo&rft.aufirst=Yiqi&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2015GB005239 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 150 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon; carbon cycle; dynamics; geochemical cycle; global change; numerical models; sinks; soils DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005239 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modelling radionuclide transport in fractured media with a dynamic update of K (sub d) values AN - 1789749642; 2016-042257 AB - Radionuclide transport in fractured crystalline rocks is a process of interest in evaluating long term safety of potential disposal systems for radioactive wastes. Given their numerical efficiency and the absence of numerical dispersion, Lagrangian methods (e.g. particle tracking algorithms) are appealing approaches that are often used in safety assessment (SA) analyses. In these approaches, many complex geochemical retention processes are typically lumped into a single parameter: the distribution coefficient (K (sub d) ). Usually, the distribution coefficient is assumed to be constant over the time frame of interest. However, this assumption could be critical under long-term geochemical changes as it is demonstrated that the distribution coefficient depends on the background chemical conditions (e.g. pH, Eh, and major chemistry). In this work, we provide a computational framework that combines the efficiency of Lagrangian methods with a sound and explicit description of the geochemical changes of the site and their influence on the radionuclide retention properties. Abstract Copyright (2016) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Trinchero, Paolo AU - Painter, Scott AU - Ebrahimi, Hedieh AU - Koskinen, Lasse AU - Molinero, Jorge AU - Selroos, Jan-Olof Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 55 EP - 63 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 86 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - hazardous waste KW - fractured materials KW - isotopes KW - radioactivity KW - data processing KW - waste disposal sites KW - Europe KW - simulation KW - reservoir rocks KW - radioactive waste KW - reactivity KW - radioactive isotopes KW - Uppsala Sweden KW - transport KW - retention KW - crystalline rocks KW - algorithms KW - water pollution KW - pH KW - Eh KW - PHREEQC KW - Western Europe KW - Finland KW - pollution KW - properties KW - Forsmark Sweden KW - models KW - Scandinavia KW - safety KW - MARFA model KW - FASTREACT model KW - mathematical methods KW - reservoir properties KW - waste disposal KW - Sweden KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1789749642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=Modelling+radionuclide+transport+in+fractured+media+with+a+dynamic+update+of+K+%28sub+d%29+values&rft.au=Trinchero%2C+Paolo%3BPainter%2C+Scott%3BEbrahimi%2C+Hedieh%3BKoskinen%2C+Lasse%3BMolinero%2C+Jorge%3BSelroos%2C+Jan-Olof&rft.aulast=Trinchero&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2015.10.005 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5840&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e5198452fad934c6346f38b57511c8e0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-19 N1 - CODEN - GGEOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; crystalline rocks; data processing; Eh; Europe; FASTREACT model; Finland; Forsmark Sweden; fractured materials; hazardous waste; isotopes; MARFA model; mathematical methods; models; pH; PHREEQC; pollution; properties; radioactive isotopes; radioactive waste; radioactivity; reactivity; reservoir properties; reservoir rocks; retention; safety; Scandinavia; simulation; Sweden; transport; Uppsala Sweden; waste disposal; waste disposal sites; water pollution; Western Europe DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2015.10.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating industrial drying of cellulosic feedstock for bioenergy: a systems approach AN - 1780537854; PQ0002767734 AB - A large portion of herbaceous and woody biomass must be dried following harvest. Natural field drying is possible if the weather cooperates. Mechanical drying is a certain way of reducing the moisture content of biomass. This paper presents an engineering analysis applied to drying of 10 Mg h super(-1) (exit mass flow) of biomass with an initial moisture content ranging from 25% to 70% (wet mass basis) down to 10% exit moisture content. The requirement for hog fuel to supply heat to the dryer increases from 0.5 dry Mg to 3.8 dry Mg h super(-1) with the increased initial moisture of biomass. The capital cost for the entire drying system including equipment for biomass size reduction, pollution control, dryer, and biomass combustor sums up to more than $4.7 million. The operating cost (electricity, labor, repair, and maintenance) minus fuel cost for the dryer alone amount to 4.05 Mg super(-1) of dried biomass. For 50% moisture content biomass, the cost of fuel to heat the drying air is $7.41/ dry ton of biomass for a total $11.46 per dry ton at 10% moisture content. The fuel cost ranges from a low of $2.21 to a high of $18.54 for a biomass at an initial moisture content of 25% to 75%, respectively. This wide range in fuel cost indicates the extreme sensitivity of the drying cost to initial moisture content of biomass and to ambient air humidity and temperature and highlights the significance of field drying for a cost effective drying operation. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Sokhansanj, Shahab AU - Webb, Erin AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831. Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 47 EP - 55 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Moisture content KW - Fuels KW - Drying KW - Electricity pricing KW - Biomass KW - Pollution control KW - Driers KW - Biomass burning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1780537854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Evaluating+industrial+drying+of+cellulosic+feedstock+for+bioenergy%3A+a+systems+approach&rft.au=Sokhansanj%2C+Shahab%3BWebb%2C+Erin&rft.aulast=Sokhansanj&rft.aufirst=Shahab&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1619 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1619 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward the understanding of hydration phenomena in aqueous electrolytes from the interplay of theory, molecular simulation, and experiment AN - 1765967967; PQ0002262210 AB - We study the microstructural analysis of aqueous electrolytes and present a detailed account of the fundamentals underlying the neutron scattering with isotopic substitution (NDIS) approach for the experimental determination of ion coordination numbers in systems involving both halide anions and oxyanions. We place particular emphasis on the frequently overlooked ion-pairing phenomenon, identify its microstructural signature in the neutron-weighted distribution functions, and suggest novel techniques to deal with either the estimation of the ion-pairing magnitude or the correction of its effects on the experimentally measured coordination numbers. We illustrate the underlying ideas by applying these new developments to the interpretation of four NDIS test-cases via molecular simulation, as convenient dry runs for the actual scattering experiments, for representative aqueous electrolyte solutions at ambient conditions involving metal halides and nitrates. JF - Fluid Phase Equilibria AU - Chialvo, Ariel A AU - Vlcek, Lukas AD - Chemical Sciences Division, Geochemistry & Interfacial Sciences Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6110, USA Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 84 EP - 104 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 407 SN - 0378-3812, 0378-3812 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Molecular simulation KW - Aqueous electrolytes KW - Ion pair association KW - Neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution KW - Heavy water KW - Null-environments KW - Testing Procedures KW - Hydration KW - Metals KW - Electrolytes KW - Anions KW - Nitrates KW - Illustrations KW - Identification KW - Halides KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09183:Physics and chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1765967967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fluid+Phase+Equilibria&rft.atitle=Toward+the+understanding+of+hydration+phenomena+in+aqueous+electrolytes+from+the+interplay+of+theory%2C+molecular+simulation%2C+and+experiment&rft.au=Chialvo%2C+Ariel+A%3BVlcek%2C+Lukas&rft.aulast=Chialvo&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=407&rft.issue=&rft.spage=84&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fluid+Phase+Equilibria&rft.issn=03783812&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fluid.2015.05.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydration; Electrolytes; Anions; Illustrations; Identification; Halides; Testing Procedures; Metals; Nitrates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2015.05.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Single-ion hydration thermodynamics from clusters to bulk solutions: Recent insights from molecular modeling AN - 1765946912; PQ0002262190 AB - The importance of single-ion hydration thermodynamic properties for understanding the driving forces of aqueous electrolyte processes, along with the impossibility of their direct experimental measurement, have prompted a large number of experimental, theoretical, and computational studies aimed at separating the cation and anion contributions. Here we provide an overview of historical approaches based on extrathermodynamic assumptions and more recent computational studies of single-ion hydration in order to evaluate the approximations involved in these methods, quantify their accuracy, reliability, and limitations in the light of the latest developments. We also offer new insights into the factors that influence the accuracy of ion-water interaction models and our views on possible ways to fill this substantial knowledge gap in aqueous physical chemistry. JF - Fluid Phase Equilibria AU - Vlcek, Lukas AU - Chialvo, Ariel A AD - Chemical Sciences Division, Geochemistry & Interfacial Sciences Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6110, United States Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 58 EP - 75 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 407 SN - 0378-3812, 0378-3812 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Single-ion hydration KW - Molecular modeling KW - Extrathermodynamic assumption KW - Cluster ion KW - Surface potential KW - Hydration KW - Electrolytes KW - Anions KW - Thermodynamics KW - Thermodynamic properties KW - Model Studies KW - Cations KW - Modelling KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09183:Physics and chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1765946912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fluid+Phase+Equilibria&rft.atitle=Single-ion+hydration+thermodynamics+from+clusters+to+bulk+solutions%3A+Recent+insights+from+molecular+modeling&rft.au=Vlcek%2C+Lukas%3BChialvo%2C+Ariel+A&rft.aulast=Vlcek&rft.aufirst=Lukas&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=407&rft.issue=&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fluid+Phase+Equilibria&rft.issn=03783812&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fluid.2015.05.048 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hydration; Electrolytes; Anions; Thermodynamics; Thermodynamic properties; Modelling; Cations; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2015.05.048 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity of Pseudomonas Genomes, Including Populus-Associated Isolates, as Revealed by Comparative Genome Analysis AN - 1758247069; PQ0002453012 AB - The Pseudomonas genus contains a metabolically versatile group of organisms that are known to occupy numerous ecological niches, including the rhizosphere and endosphere of many plants. Their diversity influences the phylogenetic diversity and heterogeneity of these communities. On the basis of average amino acid identity, comparative genome analysis of >1,000 Pseudomonas genomes, including 21 Pseudomonas strains isolated from the roots of native Populus deltoides (eastern cottonwood) trees resulted in consistent and robust genomic clusters with phylogenetic homogeneity. All Pseudomonas aeruginosa genomes clustered together, and these were clearly distinct from other Pseudomonas species groups on the basis of pangenome and core genome analyses. In contrast, the genomes of Pseudomonas fluorescens were organized into 20 distinct genomic clusters, representing enormous diversity and heterogeneity. Most of our 21 Populus-associated isolates formed three distinct subgroups within the major P. fluorescens group, supported by pathway profile analysis, while two isolates were more closely related to Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Pseudomonas putida. Genes specific to Populus-associated subgroups were identified. Genes specific to subgroup 1 include several sensory systems that act in two-component signal transduction, a TonB-dependent receptor, and a phosphorelay sensor. Genes specific to subgroup 2 contain hypothetical genes, and genes specific to subgroup 3 were annotated with hydrolase activity. This study justifies the need to sequence multiple isolates, especially from P. fluorescens, which displays the most genetic variation, in order to study functional capabilities from a pangenomic perspective. This information will prove useful when choosing Pseudomonas strains for use to promote growth and increase disease resistance in plants. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jun, Se-Ran AU - Wassenaar, Trudy M AU - Nookaew, Intawat AU - Hauser, Loren AU - Wanchai, Visanu AU - Land, Miriam AU - Timm, Collin M AU - Lu, Tse-Yuan S AU - Schadt, Christopher W AU - Doktycz, Mitchel J AD - << + $0, usserydw@ornl.gov. Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 375 EP - 383 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 United States VL - 82 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Phylogeny KW - Genomes KW - Plant diseases KW - Amino acids KW - Niches KW - Rhizosphere KW - Genetic diversity KW - Roots KW - Disease resistance KW - Sensory systems KW - Pseudomonas fluorescens KW - hydrolase KW - Pseudomonas chlororaphis KW - Populus deltoides KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - genomics KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - Signal transduction KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - A 01390:Forestry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1758247069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Diversity+of+Pseudomonas+Genomes%2C+Including+Populus-Associated+Isolates%2C+as+Revealed+by+Comparative+Genome+Analysis&rft.au=Jun%2C+Se-Ran%3BWassenaar%2C+Trudy+M%3BNookaew%2C+Intawat%3BHauser%2C+Loren%3BWanchai%2C+Visanu%3BLand%2C+Miriam%3BTimm%2C+Collin+M%3BLu%2C+Tse-Yuan+S%3BSchadt%2C+Christopher+W%3BDoktycz%2C+Mitchel+J&rft.aulast=Jun&rft.aufirst=Se-Ran&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.02612-15 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Phylogeny; Plant diseases; Amino acids; Rhizosphere; Niches; Roots; Genetic diversity; Disease resistance; Sensory systems; hydrolase; genomics; Signal transduction; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pseudomonas chlororaphis; Populus deltoides; Pseudomonas putida; Pseudomonas aeruginosa DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02612-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitigating climate change through managing constructed-microbial communities in agriculture AN - 1751208196; PQ0002342993 AB - The importance of increasing crop production while reducing resource inputs and land-use change cannot be overstated especially in light of climate change and a human population growth projected to reach nine billion this century. Mutualistic plant-microbe interactions offer a novel approach to enhance agricultural productivity while reducing environmental costs. In concert with other novel agronomic technologies and management, plant-microbial mutualisms could help increase crop production and reduce yield losses by improving resistance and/or resilience to edaphic, biologic, and climatic variability from both bottom-up and top-down perspectives. JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment AU - Hamilton, Cyd E AU - Bever, James D AU - Labbe, Jessy AU - Yang, Xiaohan AU - Yin, Hengfu AD - Visiting Scientist/Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 304 EP - 308 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 216 SN - 0167-8809, 0167-8809 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Symbiosis KW - Plant-microbe interactions KW - Mitigation KW - Agroecology KW - Climate change KW - Synthetic communities KW - GHGe KW - Agriculture KW - Ecosystems KW - Agricultural production KW - Population growth KW - Human populations KW - Climatic changes KW - Land use KW - Crop production KW - Mutualism KW - Technology KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1751208196?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.atitle=Mitigating+climate+change+through+managing+constructed-microbial+communities+in+agriculture&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+Cyd+E%3BBever%2C+James+D%3BLabbe%2C+Jessy%3BYang%2C+Xiaohan%3BYin%2C+Hengfu&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Cyd&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=216&rft.issue=&rft.spage=304&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Agriculture%2C+Ecosystems+%26+Environment&rft.issn=01678809&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.agee.2015.10.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Crop production; Population growth; Climatic changes; Mutualism; Mitigation; Ecosystems; Agricultural production; Climate change; Human populations; Land use; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.10.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative Description of Crystal Nucleation and Growth from in Situ Liquid Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. AN - 1751486198; 26509714 AB - Recent advances in liquid cell (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (S)TEM has enabled in situ nanoscale investigations of controlled nanocrystal growth mechanisms. Here, we experimentally and quantitatively investigated the nucleation and growth mechanisms of Pt nanostructures from an aqueous solution of K2PtCl6. Averaged statistical, network, and local approaches have been used for the data analysis and the description of both collective particles dynamics and local growth features. In particular, interaction between neighboring particles has been revealed and attributed to reduction of the platinum concentration in the vicinity of the particle boundary. The local approach for solving the inverse problem showed that particles dynamics can be simulated by a stationary diffusional model. The obtained results are important for understanding nanocrystal formation and growth processes and for optimization of synthesis conditions. JF - ACS nano AU - Ievlev, Anton V AU - Jesse, Stephen AU - Cochell, Thomas J AU - Unocic, Raymond R AU - Protopopescu, Vladimir A AU - Kalinin, Sergei V AD - The Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. ; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States. Y1 - 2015/12/22/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Dec 22 SP - 11784 EP - 11791 VL - 9 IS - 12 KW - nucleation and growth KW - local kinetics KW - (scanning) transmission electron microscopy KW - platinum nanoparticles KW - inverse problem UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1751486198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+nano&rft.atitle=Quantitative+Description+of+Crystal+Nucleation+and+Growth+from+in+Situ+Liquid+Scanning+Transmission+Electron+Microscopy.&rft.au=Ievlev%2C+Anton+V%3BJesse%2C+Stephen%3BCochell%2C+Thomas+J%3BUnocic%2C+Raymond+R%3BProtopopescu%2C+Vladimir+A%3BKalinin%2C+Sergei+V&rft.aulast=Ievlev&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft.date=2015-12-22&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=11784&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+nano&rft.issn=1936-086X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facsnano.5b03720 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-04-21 N1 - Date created - 2015-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b03720 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dfnworks; a HPC workflow for discrete fracture network modeling with subsurface flow and transport applications AN - 1849310965; 2016-109453 AB - dfnWorks generates discrete fracture networks (DFN) of planar polygons, creates a high quality conforming Delaunay triangulation of the intersecting DFN polygons, assigns properties (aperture, permeability) using geostatistics, sets boundary and initial conditions, solves pressure/flow in single or multi-phase fluids (water, air, CO2) using the parallel PFLOTRAN or serial FEHM, and solves for transport using Lagrangian particle tracking. We outline the dfnWorks workflow and present applications from a range of fractured rock systems. dfnWorks (http://www.lanl.gov/expertise/teams/view/dfnworks) is composed of three main components, all of which are freely available. dfnGen generates a distribution of fracture polygons from site characterization data (statistics or deterministic fractures) and utilizes the FRAM (Feature Rejection Algorithm for Meshing) to guarantee the mesh generation package LaGriT (lagrit.lanl.gov) will generate a high quality conforming Delaunay triangular mesh. dfnWorks links the mesh to either PFLOTRAN (pflotran.org) or FEHM (fehm.lanl.gov) for solving flow and transport. The various physics options available in FEHM and PFLOTRAN such as single and multi-phase flow and reactive transport are all available with appropriate initial and boundary conditions and material property models. dfnTrans utilizes explicit Lagrangian particle tracking on the DFN using a velocity field reconstructed from the steady state pressure/flow field solution obtained in PFLOTRAN or FEHM. Applications are demonstrated for nuclear waste repository in fractured granite, CO2 sequestration and extraction of unconventional hydrocarbon resources. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Gable, Carl W AU - Hyman, Jeffrey AU - Karra, Satish AU - Makedonska, Natalia AU - Painter, Scott L AU - Viswanathan, Hari Selvi AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract H53I EP - 06 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1849310965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Dfnworks%3B+a+HPC+workflow+for+discrete+fracture+network+modeling+with+subsurface+flow+and+transport+applications&rft.au=Gable%2C+Carl+W%3BHyman%2C+Jeffrey%3BKarra%2C+Satish%3BMakedonska%2C+Natalia%3BPainter%2C+Scott+L%3BViswanathan%2C+Hari+Selvi%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Gable&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiphase flow characterization using simultaneous high resolution neutron and X-ray imaging AN - 1849310885; 2016-109390 AB - Multiphase flow in geologic materials is an important area of research for hydrology and oil recovery. A valuable tool for determining how liquid water and/or hydrocarbons transport through soils and rocks is neutron tomography due to its high sensitivity to hydrogen. This technique allows for the 3D reconstruction of the liquid phase in the sample. In order to resolve the solid phase structure of the sample it is necessary to perform x-ray tomography which often must be conducted at a separate facility from the neutron imaging. When imaging deformable samples or stochastic flow this delay in imaging modes ruins the analysis as the sample is no longer in an identical state. To address this issue and bring a unique capability to NIST, an instrument has been commissioned for the simultaneous imaging with neutrons and x-rays. The new system orients a micro-focus 90 kV x-ray beam 90 degrees to the neutron beam which facilitates rapid dual-mode tomography of samples. Current highest spatial resolutions are 20 mu m and 10 mu m for the neutron and x-ray detectors, respectively, with upcoming improvements. This presentation will focus on introducing the new system and demonstrating its ability with several cases. Examples of high resolution water uptake and high speed imaging of uptake dynamics will be given. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - LaManna, Jacob AU - Anovitz, Lawrence M AU - Hussey, Daniel Seth AU - Jacobson, David L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract H51L EP - 1558 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1849310885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Multiphase+flow+characterization+using+simultaneous+high+resolution+neutron+and+X-ray+imaging&rft.au=LaManna%2C+Jacob%3BAnovitz%2C+Lawrence+M%3BHussey%2C+Daniel+Seth%3BJacobson%2C+David+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=LaManna&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The DOE subsurface (SubTER) initiative; revolutionizing responsible use of the subsurface for energy production and storage AN - 1849310478; 2016-109393 AB - The subsurface supplies more than 80% of the U.S.'s total energy needs through geothermal and hydrocarbon strategies and also provides vast potential for safe storage of CO (sub 2) and disposal of nuclear waste. Responsible and efficient use of the subsurface poses many challenges, many of which require the capability to monitor and manipulate sub-surface stress, fractures, and fluid flow at all scales. Adaptive control of subsurface fractures and flow is a multi-disciplinary challenge that, if achieved, has the potential to transform all subsurface energy strategies. As part of the U.S. Department of Energy's SubTER (Subsurface Technology and Engineering Research development and demonstration) initiative, a multi-National Laboratory team is developing next-generation approaches that will allow for adaptive control of subsurface fractures and flow. SubTER has identified an initial suite of technical thrust areas to focus work, and has initiated a number of small projects. This presentation will describe early progress associated with the SubTER technical topic areas of wellbore integrity, subsurface stress and induced seismicity, permeability manipulation and new subsurface signals. It will also describe SubTER plans, and provide a venue to solicit suggestions and discuss potential partnerships associated with future research directions. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Hubbard, Susan S AU - Walck, Marianne C AU - Blankenship, Doug AU - Bonneville, Alain AU - Bromhal, Grant S AU - Daley, Thomas M AU - Pawar, Rajesh AU - Polsky, Yarom AU - Mattson, Earl AU - Mellors, Roberts J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract H51M EP - 1561 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1849310478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=The+DOE+subsurface+%28SubTER%29+initiative%3B+revolutionizing+responsible+use+of+the+subsurface+for+energy+production+and+storage&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+Susan+S%3BWalck%2C+Marianne+C%3BBlankenship%2C+Doug%3BBonneville%2C+Alain%3BBromhal%2C+Grant+S%3BDaley%2C+Thomas+M%3BPawar%2C+Rajesh%3BPolsky%2C+Yarom%3BMattson%2C+Earl%3BMellors%2C+Roberts+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-16 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Federal data repository research; recent developments in mercury search system architecture AN - 1844920410; 2016-100713 AB - New data intensive project initiatives needs new generation data system architecture. This presentation will discuss the recent developments in Mercury System including adoption, challenges, and future efforts to handle such data intensive projects. Mercury is a combination of three main tools (i) Data/Metadata registration Tool (Online Metadata Editor): The new Online Metadata Editor (OME) is a web-based tool to help document the scientific data in a well-structured, popular scientific metadata formats. (ii) Search and Visualization Tool: Provides a single portal to information contained in disparate data management systems. It facilitates distributed metadata management, data discovery, and various visuzalization capabilities. (iii) Data Citation Tool: In collaboration with Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Mercury Consortium (funded by NASA, USGS and DOE), established a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) service. Mercury is a open source system, developed and managed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and is currently being funded by three federal agencies, including NASA, USGS and DOE. It provides access to millions of bio-geo-chemical and ecological data; 30,000 scientists use it each month. Some recent data intensive projects that are using Mercury tool: USGS Science Data Catalog (http://data.usgs.gov/), Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (http://ngee-arctic.ornl.gov/), Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (http://cdiac.ornl.gov/), Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Distributed Active Archive Center (http://daac.ornl.gov), SoilSCAPE (http://mercury.ornl.gov/soilscape). References: [1] Devarakonda, Ranjeet, et al. "Mercury: reusable metadata management, data discovery and access system." Earth Science Informatics 3.1-2 (2010): 87-94. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Devarakonda, Ranjeet AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract IN13B EP - 1840 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1844920410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Federal+data+repository+research%3B+recent+developments+in+mercury+search+system+architecture&rft.au=Devarakonda%2C+Ranjeet%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Devarakonda&rft.aufirst=Ranjeet&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-01 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multi-model framework for investigating potential climate change impacts on interdependent critical infrastructure AN - 1844920400; 2016-100971 AB - Built infrastructure consists of a series of interconnected networks with many coupled interdependencies. Traditionally, risk and vulnerability assessments are conducted one infrastructure at a time, considering only direct impacts on built and planned assets. However, extreme events caused by climate change affect local communities in different respects and stress vital interconnected infrastructures in complex ways that cannot be captured with traditional risk assessment methodologies. We employ a combination of high-performance computing, geographical information science, and imaging methods to examine the impacts of climate change on infrastructure for cities in two different climate regions: Chicago, Illinois in the Midwest and Portland, Maine (and Casco Bay area) in the Northeast. In Illinois, we evaluate effects of changes in regional temperature and precipitation, informed by an extreme climate change projection, population growth and migration, water supply, and technological development, on electricity generation and consumption. In Maine, we determine the aggregate effects of sea level rise, changing precipitation patterns, and population shifts on the depth of the freshwater-saltwater interface in coastal aquifers and the implications of these changes for water supply in general. The purpose of these efforts is to develop a multi-model framework for investigating potential climate change impacts on interdependent critical infrastructure assessing both vulnerabilities and alternative adaptive measures. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Sylvester, Linda AU - Allen, Melissa R AU - Wilbanks, Thomas J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract PA43A EP - 2180 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1844920400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Multi-model+framework+for+investigating+potential+climate+change+impacts+on+interdependent+critical+infrastructure&rft.au=Sylvester%2C+Linda%3BAllen%2C+Melissa+R%3BWilbanks%2C+Thomas+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Sylvester&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-01 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using neutrons to study fluid-rock interactions in shales AN - 1840615449; 2016-093643 AB - Recovery of hydrocarbons by hydraulic fracturing depends on complex fluid-rock interactions that we are beginning to understand using neutron imaging and scattering techniques. Organic matter is often thought to comprise the majority of porosity in a shale. In this study, correlations between the type of organic matter embedded in a shale and porosity were investigated experimentally. Selected shale cores from the Eagle Ford and Marcellus formations were subjected to pyrolysis-gas chromatography, Differential Thermal Analysis/Thermogravimetric analysis, and organic solvent extraction with the resulting affluent analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pore size distribution of the microporosity ( approximately 1 nm to 2 mu m) in the Eagle Ford shales was measured before and after solvent extraction using small angle neutron scattering. Organics representing mass fractions of between 0.1 to 1 wt.% were removed from the shales and porosity generally increased across the examined microporosity range, particularly at larger pore sizes, approximately 50 nm to 2 mu m. This range reflects extraction of accessible organic material, including remaining gas molecules, bitumen, and kerogen derivatives, indicating where the larger amount of organic matter in shale is stored. An increase in porosity at smaller pore sizes, approximately 1-3 nm, was also present and could be indicative of extraction of organic material stored in the inter-particle spaces of clays. Additionally, a decrease in porosity after extraction for a sample was attributed to swelling of pores with solvent uptake. This occurred in a shale with high clay content and low thermal maturity. The extracted hydrocarbons were primarily paraffinic, although some breakdown of larger aromatic compounds was observed in toluene extractions. The amount of hydrocarbon extracted and an overall increase in porosity appeared to be primarily correlated with the clay percentage in the shale. This study complements fluid transport neutron imaging studies, to explain the physics and chemistry of fluid-rock behavior. Research supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division and the Bredesen Center at the University of Tennessee. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - DiStefano, Victoria H AU - McFarlane, Joanna AU - Anovitz, Lawrence M AU - Gordon, Alexander AU - Hale, Richard E AU - Hunt, Rodney D AU - Lewis, Samuel A AU - Littrell, Ken C AU - Stack, Andrew G AU - Chipera, Steve AU - Perfect, Edmund AU - Bilheux, Hassina AU - Kolbus, Lindsay Marie AU - Bingham, Philip R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract H21N EP - 07 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1840615449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Using+neutrons+to+study+fluid-rock+interactions+in+shales&rft.au=DiStefano%2C+Victoria+H%3BMcFarlane%2C+Joanna%3BAnovitz%2C+Lawrence+M%3BGordon%2C+Alexander%3BHale%2C+Richard+E%3BHunt%2C+Rodney+D%3BLewis%2C+Samuel+A%3BLittrell%2C+Ken+C%3BStack%2C+Andrew+G%3BChipera%2C+Steve%3BPerfect%2C+Edmund%3BBilheux%2C+Hassina%3BKolbus%2C+Lindsay+Marie%3BBingham%2C+Philip+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=DiStefano&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-17 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the nano- to the formation scale; accessible reactive surface area in a CO (sub 2) saline reservoir AN - 1832723757; 2016-091998 AB - Among the outstanding subsurface science challenges today is the translation of our improved understanding of pore-scale reactive transport and bench-scale geochemical rates of reaction to the prediction of long-term formation response to the sequestration of carbon dioxide. The emergent complexity of CO (sub 2) -brine-rock interactions, on a large scale, over long periods of time (up to 1000 years) arises from a number of imperfectly understood factors. Of these, the accessibility of reactive surfaces distinguishes natural materials from powders commonly used in reaction rate studies, and geologic heterogeneity requires a workflow that connects samples, not to depths, but to material types that, combined, constitute a subsurface formation. To this end, core samples targeting every lithology type (quartz arenite, quartz-feldspar arenite, hematitic matrix-rich sandstone, clay-silt lens) observed in two bore holes through the Mt. Simon Sandstone of Ohio have been interrogated. Small- and ultra small-angle neutron scattering (SANS, USANS) and mercury and gas porosimetry (MICP, BET) have been used to quantify pore and pore throat distributions, and therefore pore volume accessibility at any given intrusion pressure. Mineral surface area is calculated using high-resolution SEM-BSE imagery combined with energy dispersive X-ray mineral mapping, and then extended beyond the limit of image-based techniques by using BET estimates for specific minerals. Combined, these datasets enable the quantification of mineral-specific, connected surface area as a function of pore/fracture scale. This is a defining feature of a pore-mineral assemblage, the microanalysis analogue of a macroscale lithology. The whole formation is then reconstructed by connecting pore-mineral assemblages to lithologies, defined by permeability/porosity and by mineralogy, and these in turn to the whole vertical extent of the formation using coarser-scale images of whole core. This effort therefore contributes both to the nanoscale analysis of accessible reactive surface area, and to the rapid application of such an analysis to the formation scale. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Swift, A AU - Cole, D R AU - Sheets, J M AU - Anovitz, L M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract H41C EP - 1308 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832723757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=From+the+nano-+to+the+formation+scale%3B+accessible+reactive+surface+area+in+a+CO+%28sub+2%29+saline+reservoir&rft.au=Swift%2C+A%3BCole%2C+D+R%3BSheets%2C+J+M%3BAnovitz%2C+L+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Swift&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-27 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Headwater streams in porous landscapes; what's the contributing area? AN - 1828845896; 2016-086401 AB - Building on a long legacy of hydrogeological investigations at the Savannah River Site in the Sandhills of the Upper Coastal Plain in South Carolina, we began in 2005 a headwater-scale investigation of hillslope flow pathways, streamflow sources, and water quality responses to intensive woody biomass production. The landscape is characterized by blackwater streams flowing slowly through wide flat stream valleys, deep unconsolidated layers of sands and clays, a regional clay layer beneath Fourmile Creek that defines the lower boundary of the surficial aquifer, rolling topography with steeper slopes on the valley margins and gentle slopes elsewhere, and a sandy clay loam argillic layer within 0.2 to 1.5 m from the surface. Most water leaves headwater basins by groundwater flow, appearing as streamflow far downstream. Only at scales larger than 50 km (super 2) does average streamflow match expectations from water balances. This raises the question, what constitutes the contributing area for headwater streams in porous landscapes? Perching and interflow generation over the argillic horizon is common, but leakage through clay is rapid relative to interflow travel times, so interflow serves to shift the point of percolation downslope from the point of infiltration. Only interflow from the valley-adjacent slopes can contribute to stormflow responses. Our interflow interception trenches and maximum rise piezometer networks reveal high heterogeneity in subsurface flow paths at multiple spatial scales. Streamwater has isotopic and chemical characteristics similar to deep groundwater, but we cannot easily determine the source area for groundwater reaching the first order streams. Our observations suggest that one's view of hillslope and catchment flow processes depends on the scale, number, and frequency of observations of state variables and outputs. In some cases, less frequent or less numerous observations of fewer tracers would have yielded different inferences. The data also suggest that each hillslope encompasses an ensemble of thresholds and flow paths that vary with moisture content over space and time. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Jackson, C R AU - Bitew, M M AU - Du, E AU - Griffiths, N AU - Hopp, L AU - Klaus, J AU - McDonnell, J AU - Vache, K B AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract H32D EP - 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1828845896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Headwater+streams+in+porous+landscapes%3B+what%27s+the+contributing+area%3F&rft.au=Jackson%2C+C+R%3BBitew%2C+M+M%3BDu%2C+E%3BGriffiths%2C+N%3BHopp%2C+L%3BKlaus%2C+J%3BMcDonnell%2C+J%3BVache%2C+K+B%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of advanced reactive surface area estimates for improved prediction of mineral reaction rates in porous media AN - 1824215708; 2016-082528 AB - CO (sub 2) sequestration in deep sedimentary formations is a promising means of reducing atmospheric CO (sub 2) emissions but the rate and extent of mineral trapping remains difficult to predict. Reactive transport models provide predictions of mineral trapping based on laboratory mineral reaction rates, which have been shown to have large discrepancies with field rates. This, in part, may be due to poor quantification of mineral reactive surface area in natural porous media. Common estimates of mineral reactive surface area are ad hoc and typically based on grain size, adjusted several orders of magnitude to account for surface roughness and reactivity. This results in orders of magnitude discrepancies in estimated surface areas that directly translate into orders of magnitude discrepancies in model predictions. Additionally, natural systems can be highly heterogeneous and contain abundant nano- and micro-porosity, which can limit connected porosity and access to mineral surfaces. In this study, mineral-specific accessible surface areas are computed for a sample from the reservoir formation at the Nagaoka pilot CO (sub 2) injection site (Japan). Accessible mineral surface areas are determined from a multi-scale image analysis including X-ray microCT, SEM QEMSCAN, XRD, SANS, and SEM-FIB. Powder and flow-through column laboratory experiments are performed and the evolution of solutes in the aqueous phase is tracked. Continuum-scale reactive transport models are used to evaluate the impact of reactive surface area on predictions of experimental reaction rates. Evaluated reactive surface areas include geometric and specific surface areas (e.g. BET) in addition to their reactive-site weighted counterparts. The most accurate predictions of observed powder mineral dissolution rates were obtained through use of grain-size specific surface areas computed from a BET-based correlation. Effectively, this surface area reflects the grain-fluid contact area, or accessible surface area, in the powder dissolution experiment. In the model of the flow-through column experiment, the accessible mineral surface area, computed from the multi-scale image analysis, is evaluated in addition to the traditional surface area estimates. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Beckingham, L E AU - Mitnick, Elizabeth H AU - Zhang, Shuo AU - Voltolini, M AU - Yang, L AU - Steefel, C I AU - Swift, A AU - Cole, D R AU - Sheets, J AU - Kneafsey, T J AU - Landrot, G AU - Anovitz, L M AU - Mito, S AU - Xue, Ziqiu AU - Ajo Franklin, J B AU - DePaolo, D J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract H43K EP - 08 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1824215708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+advanced+reactive+surface+area+estimates+for+improved+prediction+of+mineral+reaction+rates+in+porous+media&rft.au=Beckingham%2C+L+E%3BMitnick%2C+Elizabeth+H%3BZhang%2C+Shuo%3BVoltolini%2C+M%3BYang%2C+L%3BSteefel%2C+C+I%3BSwift%2C+A%3BCole%2C+D+R%3BSheets%2C+J%3BKneafsey%2C+T+J%3BLandrot%2C+G%3BAnovitz%2C+L+M%3BMito%2C+S%3BXue%2C+Ziqiu%3BAjo+Franklin%2C+J+B%3BDePaolo%2C+D+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Beckingham&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of internal aperture variability on tracer transport in large discrete fracture networks (DFN) AN - 1824215524; 2016-082591 AB - Aperture variability within individual fractures is usually neglected in modeling flow and transport through fractured media. Typically, individual fractures are assumed to be homogeneous. However, in reality, individual fractures are heterogeneous, which may affect flow and transport in fractured media. The relative importance of including in-fracture variability in flow and transport modeling has been under debate for a long time. Previous studies have shown flow channeling on an individual fracture with internal variability, where the fracture is considered isolated from the rest of the fracture network. Although these studies yield some clear insights into the process, the boundary conditions are impractical for field-scale networks, where the realistic boundary conditions are determined by fracture connections in the network. Therefore, flow in a single fracture is controlled not only by in-fracture variability but also by boundary conditions. In order to address the question of the importance of in-fracture variability, the internal heterogeneity of every individual fracture is incorporated into a three-dimensional fracture network, represented by a composition of intersecting fractures. The new DFN simulation capability, dfnWorks, is used to generate a kilometer scale DFNs similar to the Forsmark, Sweden site. In our DFN model, the in-fracture aperture variability is scattered over each cell of the computational mesh along the fracture, representing by a stationary Gaussian random field with various correlation lengths. The Lagrangian particle tracking is conducted in multiple DFN realizations and the flow-dependent Lagrangian parameters, non-reacting travel time, tau , and cumulative reactivity parameter, beta , are obtained along particles streamlines. It is shown that early particle travel times are more sensitive to in-fracture aperture variability than tails of travel time distributions, where no significant effect of the aperture variations and spatial correlation length is observed. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Makedonska, Nataliia AU - Painter, S L AU - Hyman, J AU - Karra, S AU - Gable, C W AU - Viswanathan, H S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract H51C EP - 1379 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1824215524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Effect+of+internal+aperture+variability+on+tracer+transport+in+large+discrete+fracture+networks+%28DFN%29&rft.au=Makedonska%2C+Nataliia%3BPainter%2C+S+L%3BHyman%2C+J%3BKarra%2C+S%3BGable%2C+C+W%3BViswanathan%2C+H+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Makedonska&rft.aufirst=Nataliia&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of injection mode on transport properties in kilometer-scale three-dimensional discrete fracture networks AN - 1824215390; 2016-082582 AB - We investigate how the choice of injection mode impacts transport properties in kilometer-scale three-dimensional discrete fracture networks (DFN). The choice of injection mode, resident or flux-weighted, is designed to mimic different physical phenomena. It has been hypothesized that solute plumes injected under resident conditions evolve to behave similarly to solutes injected under flux-weighted conditions. Previously, computational limitations have prohibited the large-scale simulations required to investigate this hypothesis. Using a new high performance DFN suite, dfnWorks, we simulate flow in kilometer-scale three-dimensional DFNs based on fractured granite at the Forsmark site in Sweden, and adopt a Lagrangian approach to simulate transport therein. Results show that after traveling through a pre-equilibrium region both injection methods exhibit linear scaling of the first moment of travel time and power law scaling of the breakthrough curve with similar exponents, slightly larger than two. The physical mechanisms behind this evolution appear to be the combination of in-network channeling of mass into larger fractures, which offer reduced resistance to flow, and in-fracture channeling, which results from the topology of the DFN. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Hyman, J AU - Painter, S L AU - Viswanathan, H S AU - Makedonska, N AU - Karra, S AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract H51C EP - 1370 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1824215390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Influence+of+injection+mode+on+transport+properties+in+kilometer-scale+three-dimensional+discrete+fracture+networks&rft.au=Hyman%2C+J%3BPainter%2C+S+L%3BViswanathan%2C+H+S%3BMakedonska%2C+N%3BKarra%2C+S%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Hyman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploring model complexity for column experiments using model selection criteria AN - 1815672436; 2016-075726 AB - Selecting the reliable models for simulating column experiments is essential for the identification of processes governing contaminant transport. The aim of this work is to use model selection criteria (AIC, AICc, BIC and KIC) for exploring the most appropriate model to avoid over-complex and/or over-parameterized models. We consider five models of different levels of complexity, including the equilibrium and non-equilibrium convection dispersion models. The simplest model (CDE1) consists of the convection-dispersion equation, and only dispersivity is calibrated against column experiments. The most complex model (MIM2) is the mobile-immobile model with four parameters calibrated (with two parameters specifically for the model). The model selection criteria are used to evaluate the probabilities of the five models. It was found that using the full covariance matrix that consider residual correlation resolve the problem that the most complex model receives almost 100% model probability, which is not explainable by available data and knowledge. The model complexity is related to the various terms of the model selection criteria, and their relation is examined by physical understanding of the alternative models and the column experiments. The model selection criteria consider the goodness-of-fit statistics, number of model parameter, sensitivity to the model parameters, and uncertainty of the parameters. Considering these factors can prevent from occurring over-complexity and over-parameterization, when selecting the appropriate models for simulating column experiments. Cross-validation is conducted to confirm the conclusions drawn based on the model selection criteria. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Ye, Ming AU - Samani, Saeideh AU - Elshall, Ahmed S AU - Tang, Guoping AU - Niu, Xufeng AU - Asghari Moghaddam, Asghar AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract H13A EP - 1493 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1815672436?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Exploring+model+complexity+for+column+experiments+using+model+selection+criteria&rft.au=Ye%2C+Ming%3BSamani%2C+Saeideh%3BElshall%2C+Ahmed+S%3BTang%2C+Guoping%3BNiu%2C+Xufeng%3BAsghari+Moghaddam%2C+Asghar%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Ye&rft.aufirst=Ming&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-01 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multi-scale evidence of large CO (sub 2) and CH (sub 4) emissions from permafrost during spring thaw in northern Alaska AN - 1807509448; 2016-066716 AB - Arctic warming will amplify climate change especially if thawing tundra emits increasingly greater amounts of CO (sub 2) and CH (sub 4) due to rising temperatures in the coming decades. However, uncertainties about flux rates and sources limit the prediction of these feedbacks. The few observations of tundra carbon fluxes during snowmelt suggest that there may be large releases during spring thaw, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms and whether emissions of greenhouse gases are widespread enough to influence atmospheric concentrations. To address this question we employed a multi-scale approach, including ecosystem-scale measurements, a mechanistic soil-core thawing experiment, and airborne observations of atmospheric carbon concentrations. We show that fluxes during the 2-week period of snow and surface-ice melt in 2014 near Barrow, Alaska, reduced the net snow-free season uptake of CO (sub 2) by 46% and added 6% to the CH (sub 4) emissions. A controlled laboratory experiment revealed that when frozen permafrost was exposed to warming temperatures, it released an immediate, large pulse of CO (sub 2) and CH (sub 4) that had been trapped under the surface ice. While the Alaskan North Slope was undergoing snowmelt, changes in the concentrations of CO (sub 2) and CH (sub 4) measured by aircraft were correlated to fluxes of CO (sub 2) and CH (sub 4) measured by eddy-covariance. Airborne measurements from the aircraft reflected local observations, and confirmed that the pulse had influence on regional atmospheric concentrations. This research suggests that the Arctic carbon spring pulse is a result of a delayed release of biogenic production in fall, and that this pulse is widespread and large enough to offset a significant fraction of the moderate Arctic tundra carbon sink. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Raz Yaseef, N AU - Torn, M S AU - Billesbach, D P AU - Wu, Y AU - Kneafsey, T J AU - Romanovsky, V E AU - Cook, D R AU - Commane, R AU - Henderson, J AU - Miller, C E AU - Wullschleger, S D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B43M EP - 02 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1807509448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Multi-scale+evidence+of+large+CO+%28sub+2%29+and+CH+%28sub+4%29+emissions+from+permafrost+during+spring+thaw+in+northern+Alaska&rft.au=Raz+Yaseef%2C+N%3BTorn%2C+M+S%3BBillesbach%2C+D+P%3BWu%2C+Y%3BKneafsey%2C+T+J%3BRomanovsky%2C+V+E%3BCook%2C+D+R%3BCommane%2C+R%3BHenderson%2C+J%3BMiller%2C+C+E%3BWullschleger%2C+S+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Raz+Yaseef&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-29 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drivers and estimates of terrain suitability for active layer detachment slides and retrogressive thaw slumps in the Brooks Range and foothills of northwest Alaska, USA AN - 1807509413; 2016-066717 AB - Active layer detachment sliding and retrogressive thaw slumping are important modes of upland permafrost degradation and disturbance in permafrost regions, and have been linked with climate warming trends, ecosystem impacts, and permafrost carbon release. In the Brooks Range and foothills of northwest Alaska, these features are widespread, with distribution linked to multiple landscape properties. Inter-related and co-varying terrain properties, including surficial geology, topography, geomorphology, vegetation and hydrology, are generally considered key drivers of permafrost landscape characteristics and responses to climate perturbation. However, these inter-relationships as collective drivers of terrain suitability for active layer detachment and retrogressive thaw slump processes are poorly understood in this region. We empirically tested and refined a hypothetical model of terrain factors driving active layer detachment and retrogressive thaw slump terrain suitability, and used final model results to generate synoptic terrain suitability estimates across the study region. Spatial data for terrain properties were examined against locations of 2,492 observed active layer detachments and 805 observed retrogressive thaw slumps using structural equation modelling and integrated terrain unit analysis. Factors significant to achieving model fit were found to substantially hone and constrain region-wide terrain suitability estimates, suggesting that omission of relevant factors leads to broad overestimation of terrain suitability. Resulting probabilistic maps of terrain suitability, and a threshold-delineated mask of suitable terrain, were used to quantify and describe landscape settings typical of these features. 51% of the study region is estimated suitable terrain for retrogressive thaw slumps, compared with 35% for active layer detachment slides, while 29% of the study region is estimated suitable for both. Results improve current understanding of arctic landscape vulnerability and responses to climate change, and enhance the capability to estimate quantities of permafrost carbon and nitrogen potentially subject to release through these modes of permafrost degradation. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Balser, A AU - Jones, J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B43M EP - 03 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1807509413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Drivers+and+estimates+of+terrain+suitability+for+active+layer+detachment+slides+and+retrogressive+thaw+slumps+in+the+Brooks+Range+and+foothills+of+northwest+Alaska%2C+USA&rft.au=Balser%2C+A%3BJones%2C+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Balser&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-29 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of permafrost soil organic carbon under warming climate AN - 1807509129; 2016-066678 AB - Degradation of soil organic carbon (SOC) that has been stored in permafrost is a key concern under warming climate because it could provide a positive feedback. Studies and conceptual models suggest that SOC degradation is largely controlled by the decomposability of SOC, but it is unclear exactly what portions of SOC are susceptible to rapid breakdown and what mechanisms may be involved in SOC degradation. Using a suite of analytical techniques, we examined the dynamic consumption and production of labile SOC compounds, including sugars, alcohols, and small molecular weight organic acids in incubation experiments (up to 240 days at either -2 or 8 degrees C) with a tundra soil under anoxic conditions, where SOC respiration and iron(III) reduction were monitored. We observe that sugars and alcohols are main components in SOC accounting for initial rapid release of CO (sub 2) and CH (sub 4) through anaerobic fermentation, whereas the fermentation products such as acetate and formate are subsequently utilized as primary substrates for methanogenesis. Iron(III) reduction is correlated to acetate production and methanogenesis, suggesting its important roles as an electron acceptor in tundra SOC respiration. These observations corroborate strongly with the glucose addition during incubation, in which rapid CO (sub 2) and CH (sub 4) production is observed concurrently with rapid production and consumption of organics such as acetate. Thus, the biogeochemical processes we document here are pertinent to understanding the accelerated SOC decomposition with temperature and could provide basis for model predicting feedbacks to climate warming in the Arctic. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Yang, Z AU - Wullschleger, S D AU - Liang, L AU - Graham, D E AU - Gu, B AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B41J EP - 03 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1807509129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+permafrost+soil+organic+carbon+under+warming+climate&rft.au=Yang%2C+Z%3BWullschleger%2C+S+D%3BLiang%2C+L%3BGraham%2C+D+E%3BGu%2C+B%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-29 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermokarst terrain; pan-Arctic distribution and soil carbon vulnerability AN - 1807509089; 2016-066715 AB - Development of thermokarst landforms through the thawing of ice-rich permafrost soils is expected to accelerate in the northern hemisphere due to ongoing climate change. This can damage infrastructure but also drastically impact landscape soil carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions. Here we present a first circumpolar assessment of the spatial extent and distribution of thermokarst terrain, defined as landscapes where thermokarst landforms either have developed or potentially can develop. We differentiate between wetland, lake and hillslope thermokarst terrain types, and assess regional coverage of each type using geographical information of landscape characteristics, including ground ice content, soil type, topography, biome, and permafrost zone. Each thermokarst terrain type is estimated to occupy 5 to 8% of the northern boreal and tundra permafrost region, but otherwise differ markedly in their spatial distribution and projected exposure to climate change. With high soil organic carbon content, thermokarst terrain is estimated to store a disproportionate 30% of the total permafrost region soil organic carbon stock in the upper 3 meters of soil, and potentially more than half when accounting for deeper carbon stores. This first-order estimate of the distribution of northern thermokarst terrain is an essential step for assessing soil carbon vulnerability to thaw and the magnitude of the permafrost carbon feedback. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Olefeldt, D AU - Goswami, S AU - Grosse, G AU - Hayes, D J AU - Hugelius, G AU - Kuhry, P AU - McGuire, A D AU - Romanovsky, V E AU - Sannel, Britta AU - Schuur, Edward AU - Turetsky, M R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B43M EP - 01 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1807509089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Thermokarst+terrain%3B+pan-Arctic+distribution+and+soil+carbon+vulnerability&rft.au=Olefeldt%2C+D%3BGoswami%2C+S%3BGrosse%2C+G%3BHayes%2C+D+J%3BHugelius%2C+G%3BKuhry%2C+P%3BMcGuire%2C+A+D%3BRomanovsky%2C+V+E%3BSannel%2C+Britta%3BSchuur%2C+Edward%3BTuretsky%2C+M+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Olefeldt&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-29 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The stability of peatland carbon stores to global change; evidence for enhanced methane and carbon dioxide production AN - 1807508701; 2016-066721 AB - Peatlands sequester large stores of carbon in sedimentary sequences that can be meters thick. Peatlands can be separated into two main layers: the acrotelm, which is exposed to the atmosphere and dominated by living plants, and the catotelm, which tends to be anoxic and is where the majority of organic matter is stored. In response to warming climate, to what extent will peatland organic matter be activated to form additional CH (sub 4) and CO (sub 2) relative to current production rates? To predict the answer to this question the SPRUCE (Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Climatic and Environmental Change) project is being conducted in a bog ecosystem in northern Minnesota. The study is designed to improve predictive skill in peat and wetland-methane models by defining quantitative relationships among decomposition indices, microbial communities, and CO (sub 2) and CH (sub 4) production rates. The manipulation is being conducted in a staged approach, and deep warming through the entire nearly equal 2 m peat profile was initiated in June of 2014 at +0, +2.2, +4.5, +6.8 and +9C. Starting in summer 2015, the project will enhance both above and belowground temperature and CO (sub 2) levels. Following months of temperature enhancement there is no evidence of an effect on catotelm peat. In bog pre-treatment, control and treatment plots, microbial respiration and CO (sub 2) and CH (sub 4) production in the deep peat is driven primarily by recent plant production and to date, this trend continues in the catolem following treatment. Methane d13C and fractionation factors are invariant across the treatments, as are gas concentrations at depth. Surface CH (sub 4) emission, however, has shown a positive correlation with peat temperature, and measurements of CH (sub 4) production in incubations across the depth profile suggest that surface peat is more responsive to increases in soil temperature, apparently driving the emission response. Shifts in the composition and metabolic potential of microbial communities are being examined using next generation sequencing, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic approaches. Prior to heating, microbial communities showed strong vertical stratification correlated to peat decomposition and humification, while little spatial or temporal variation was observed. Peat samples from after 1 year of heating are now being processed and data will soon be available. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Chanton, J AU - Wilson, R AU - Tfaily, M M AU - Sebestyen, S D AU - Medvedeff, C AU - McFarlane, K J AU - Kolka, R K AU - Kostka, J E AU - Keller, J AU - Hanson, P J AU - Guilderson, T P AU - de La Cruz, F AU - Cooper, W T AU - Bridgham, S D AU - Barlaz, M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B44B EP - 01 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1807508701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=The+stability+of+peatland+carbon+stores+to+global+change%3B+evidence+for+enhanced+methane+and+carbon+dioxide+production&rft.au=Chanton%2C+J%3BWilson%2C+R%3BTfaily%2C+M+M%3BSebestyen%2C+S+D%3BMedvedeff%2C+C%3BMcFarlane%2C+K+J%3BKolka%2C+R+K%3BKostka%2C+J+E%3BKeller%2C+J%3BHanson%2C+P+J%3BGuilderson%2C+T+P%3Bde+La+Cruz%2C+F%3BCooper%2C+W+T%3BBridgham%2C+S+D%3BBarlaz%2C+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Chanton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-29 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isotopic and geochemical fingerprinting of a polygonal Arctic ecosystem AN - 1807508585; 2016-066748 AB - Arctic tundra contain large C stocks and may be an important source of CO (sub 2) and CH (sub 4) over the next century due to a rapidly changing climate, degrading permafrost, and redistribution of water across high latitude landscapes. This presentation synthesizes geochemical and isotopic data and examines vertical and lateral factors and processes critical to predicting the C, N, and water balance of tundra ecosystems. Stable water isotope analyses (delta (super 2) H and delta (super 18) O) indicate that summer rain is the dominant source for active layer groundwater, with melting seasonal ice contributing to deeper pore waters in late summer. Microtopography and water table effects on geochemistry were apparent from a comprehensive spatial examination of active layer biogeochemistry, showing a number of significant differences in the concentrations of cations and anions for high- vs. low-centered polygons, microtopographic features (polygonal centers vs. troughs), and with depth. Results have implications for future nutrient availability with projected permafrost degradation and landscape evolution, suggesting greater availability of limiting nutrients (sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate) where polygons undergo a shift from low- to high-centered. Nitrate isotopes (delta (super 15) N and delta (super 18) O) indicated a predominantly microbial source for nitrate in high centered polygons active layers. However, atmospheric nitrate was preserved in permafrost, and may serve as a potential indicator of permafrost degradation. Additionally, results suggest that older, deeper C sources may be promoting a shift in methanogenic pathway, from predominantly acetoclastic to hydrogenotrophic. This mechanistic shift is attributed to the source and quality of available organic substrate. Overall, results showed substantial lateral and vertical variability in biogeochemical, biogeophysical, and hydrological processes across microtopographic- to landscape scales that needs to be accounted for in fine and intermediate scale models. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Throckmorton, H AU - Heikoop, J M AU - Newman, B D AU - Wilson, C J AU - Wullschleger, S D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B51C EP - 0439 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1807508585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Isotopic+and+geochemical+fingerprinting+of+a+polygonal+Arctic+ecosystem&rft.au=Throckmorton%2C+H%3BHeikoop%2C+J+M%3BNewman%2C+B+D%3BWilson%2C+C+J%3BWullschleger%2C+S+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Throckmorton&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-29 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing biotic and abiotic properties of landscape and their implications for ecohydrological processes across scales AN - 1807508383; 2016-066747 AB - Ecohydrological processes governing the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems and its response and feedback to climate change occur at diverse spatial and temporal scales. To accurately capture the dynamics of ecohydrological processes in the model, its critically important to capture the subgrid scale heterogeneity of the landscape and develop scale aware process representation and parameterization. This study focused on the Arctic tundra landscape at Seward Peninsula of Alaska. Ecohydrological processes in this sensitive landscape are strongly governed by the physical and structural properties (like topography, soil, permafrost, geomorphology etc.) of the landscape, environmental conditions (like temperature, precipitation, light, radiation) and biotic conditions (vegetation, above/below biomass and organic matter, disturbance history etc.). From site to watershed to regional (scale at which models often operate), landscape is a complex mosaic of a range of biotic and abiotic properties. We have developed and applied a hierarchical characterization and classification approach to segment the landscape in distinct units which can be used to develop and parameterize process models at local scale. We also analyze how the distribution and organization of the landscape units as building blocks influence and interact with ecosystem processes across scales. Our goals is understand the landscape organization principles and their roles to inform and improve process based models of ecohydrological processes in Arctic tundra landscape. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Kumar, J AU - Langford, Z AU - Hoffman, F M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B51C EP - 0437 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1807508383?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Characterizing+biotic+and+abiotic+properties+of+landscape+and+their+implications+for+ecohydrological+processes+across+scales&rft.au=Kumar%2C+J%3BLangford%2C+Z%3BHoffman%2C+F+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-29 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simplified, data-constrained approach to estimate the permafrost carbon-climate feedback; the PCN Incubation-Panarctic Thermal (PInc-PanTher) scaling approach AN - 1807508283; 2016-066691 AB - We present an approach to estimate the feedback from large-scale thawing of permafrost soils using a simplified, data-constrained model that combines three elements: soil carbon (C) maps and profiles to identify the distribution and type of C in permafrost soils; incubation experiments to quantify the rates of C lost after thaw; and models of soil thermal dynamics in response to climate warming. We call the approach the Permafrost Carbon Network Incubation-Panarctic Thermal scaling approach (PInc-PanTher). The approach assumes that C stocks do not decompose at all when frozen, but once thawed follow set decomposition trajectories as a function of soil temperature. The trajectories are determined according to a 3-pool decomposition model fitted to incubation data using parameters specific to soil horizon types. We calculate litterfall C inputs required to maintain steady-state C balance for the current climate, and hold those inputs constant. Soil temperatures are taken from the soil thermal modules of ecosystem model simulations forced by a common set of future climate change anomalies under two warming scenarios over the period 2010 to 2100. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Koven, C AU - Schuur, Edward AU - Schaedel, Christina AU - Bohn, Theodore J AU - Burke, Eleanor AU - Chen, G AU - Chen, X AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Grosse, G AU - Harden, J W AU - Hayes, Daniel J AU - Hugelius, Gustaf AU - Jafarov, E E AU - Krinner, G AU - Kuhry, Peter AU - Lawrence, D M AU - MacDougall, Andrew AU - Marchenko, S S AU - McGuire, A D AU - Natali, S AU - Nicolsky, D AU - Olefeldt, D AU - Peng, S AU - Romanovsky, V E AU - Schaefer, Kevin M AU - Strauss, J AU - Treat, C C AU - Turetsky, M R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B42C EP - 08 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1807508283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=A+simplified%2C+data-constrained+approach+to+estimate+the+permafrost+carbon-climate+feedback%3B+the+PCN+Incubation-Panarctic+Thermal+%28PInc-PanTher%29+scaling+approach&rft.au=Koven%2C+C%3BSchuur%2C+Edward%3BSchaedel%2C+Christina%3BBohn%2C+Theodore+J%3BBurke%2C+Eleanor%3BChen%2C+G%3BChen%2C+X%3BCiais%2C+Philippe%3BGrosse%2C+G%3BHarden%2C+J+W%3BHayes%2C+Daniel+J%3BHugelius%2C+Gustaf%3BJafarov%2C+E+E%3BKrinner%2C+G%3BKuhry%2C+Peter%3BLawrence%2C+D+M%3BMacDougall%2C+Andrew%3BMarchenko%2C+S+S%3BMcGuire%2C+A+D%3BNatali%2C+S%3BNicolsky%2C+D%3BOlefeldt%2C+D%3BPeng%2C+S%3BRomanovsky%2C+V+E%3BSchaefer%2C+Kevin+M%3BStrauss%2C+J%3BTreat%2C+C+C%3BTuretsky%2C+M+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Koven&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-29 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Representing northern peatland hydrology and biogeochemistry within the Community Land Model AN - 1807504920; 2016-064430 AB - Northern peatlands are projected to become very important in future carbon-climate feedback due to their large carbon storage and vulnerability to changes in hydrology and climate impacts. Understanding the hydrology and biogeochemistry is a fundamental task for projecting the fate of massive carbon stores in these systems under future climate change. Models have started to address microtopographic controls on peatland hydrology, but none have considered a prognostic calculation of water table dynamics in vegetated peatlands rather than prescribed regional water tables. We introduced here a new configuration of the Community Land Model (CLM), which includes a fully prognostic water table calculation between hummock and hollow microtopography in a vegetated peatland. We further integrated the hydrology treatment with vertically structured soil organic matter pools, and a newly developed microbial functional group-based methane module. The model was further used to test against observational data obtained within Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Climatic and Environmental Change (SPRUCE) project. Results for water table dynamic, carbon profile, and land surface fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane were reasonable. Model simulations showed that warming and elevated CO2 had significant impacts on land surface fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide. The warming-induced hydrological changes are another factors influencing biogeochemistry along soil profiles and land surface gas fluxes. These preliminary results provide some insights for field experiments as well as data-model comparison in next phase of the SPRUCE project. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Shi, X AU - Ricciuto, D M AU - Xu, X AU - Thornton, P E AU - Hanson, P J AU - Mao, J AU - Sebestyen, S AU - Griffiths, N AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B41C EP - 0431 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1807504920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Representing+northern+peatland+hydrology+and+biogeochemistry+within+the+Community+Land+Model&rft.au=Shi%2C+X%3BRicciuto%2C+D+M%3BXu%2C+X%3BThornton%2C+P+E%3BHanson%2C+P+J%3BMao%2C+J%3BSebestyen%2C+S%3BGriffiths%2C+N%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-29 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Change in terrestrial ecosystem water-use efficiency over the last three decades AN - 1803780184; 2016-060116 AB - Defined as the ratio between gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET), ecosystem-scale water-use efficiency (EWUE) is an indicator of the adjustment of vegetation photosynthesis to water loss. The processes controlling EWUE are complex and reflect both a slow evolution of plants and plant communities as well as fast adjustments of ecosystem functioning to changes of limiting resources. In this study, we investigated EWUE trends from 1982 to 2008 using data-driven models derived from satellite observations, and process-oriented carbon cycle models. Our findings suggest positive EWUE trends of 0.0056, 0.0007 and 0.0001 g C m (super -2) mm (super -1) yr (super -1) under the single effect of rising CO2 ('CO2'), climate change ('CLIM') and nitrogen deposition ('NDEP'), respectively. Global patterns of EWUE trends under the different scenarios suggest that: (i) EWUE-CO (sub 2) shows global increases, (ii) EWUE-CLIM increases in mainly high latitudes and decreases at middle and low latitudes, (iii) EWUE-NDEP displays slight increasing trends except in west Siberia, eastern Europe, parts of North America and central Amazonia. The data-driven MTE model, however, shows a slight decline of EWUE during the same period (-0.0005 g C m (super -2) mm (super -1) yr (super -1) ), which differs from process-models (0.0064 g C m (super -2) mm (super -1) yr (super -1) ) simulations with all drivers are taken into account. We attribute this discrepancy to the fact that the non-modeled physiological effects of elevated CO (sub 2) reducing stomatal conductance and transpiration (TR) in the MTE model. Partial correlation analysis between EWUE and climate drivers shows similar responses to climatic variables with the data-driven model and the process-oriented models across different ecosystems. Change in water-use efficiency defined from transpiration-based WUEt (GPP/TR) and inherent water-use efficiency IWUEt (GPPXVPD/TR) in response to rising CO (sub 2) , climate change, and nitrogen deposition are also discussed. Our analyses will facilitate mechanistic understanding of the carbon-water interactions over terrestrial ecosystems under global change. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Huang, Mengtian AU - Piao, Shilong AU - Sun, Yan AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Cheng, Lei AU - Mao, Jiafu AU - Poulter, Ben AU - Shi, Xiaoying AU - Zeng, Zhenzhong AU - Wang, Yingping AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract PP41B EP - 2242 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1803780184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Change+in+terrestrial+ecosystem+water-use+efficiency+over+the+last+three+decades&rft.au=Huang%2C+Mengtian%3BPiao%2C+Shilong%3BSun%2C+Yan%3BCiais%2C+Philippe%3BCheng%2C+Lei%3BMao%2C+Jiafu%3BPoulter%2C+Ben%3BShi%2C+Xiaoying%3BZeng%2C+Zhenzhong%3BWang%2C+Yingping%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Mengtian&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-14 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature effects on microbial CH (sub 4) and CO (sub 2) production in permafrost-affected soils from the Barrow environmental observatory AN - 1797535097; 2016-050790 AB - Warmer Arctic temperatures are increasing the annual soil thaw depth and prolonging the thaw season in Alaskan permafrost zones. This change exposes organic matter buried in the soils and permafrost to microbial degradation and mineralization to form CO2 and CH4. The proportion and fluxes of these greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere control the global feedback on warming. To improve representations of these biogeochemical processes in terrestrial ecosystem models we compared soil properties and microbial activities in core samples of polygonal tundra from the Barrow Environmental Observatory. Measurements of soil water potential through the soil column characterized water binding to the organic and mineral components. This suction combines with temperature to control freezing, gas diffusion and microbial activity. The temperature-dependence of CO2 and CH4 production from anoxic soil incubations at -2, +4 or +8 degrees C identified a significant lag in methanogenesis relative to CO2 production by anaerobic respiration and fermentation. Changes in the abundance of methanogen signature genes during incubations indicate that microbial population shifts caused by thawing and warmer temperatures drive changes in the mixtures of soil carbon degradation products. Comparisons of samples collected across the microtopographic features of ice-wedge polygons address the impacts of water saturation, iron reduction and organic matter content on CH4 production and oxidation. These combined measurements build process understanding that can be applied across scales to constrain key response factors in models that address Arctic soil warming. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Graham, D E AU - Roy Chowdhury, T AU - Zheng, J AU - Moon, J W AU - Yang, Z AU - Gu, B AU - Wullschleger, S D AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B31D EP - 0617 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1797535097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Temperature+effects+on+microbial+CH+%28sub+4%29+and+CO+%28sub+2%29+production+in+permafrost-affected+soils+from+the+Barrow+environmental+observatory&rft.au=Graham%2C+D+E%3BRoy+Chowdhury%2C+T%3BZheng%2C+J%3BMoon%2C+J+W%3BYang%2C+Z%3BGu%2C+B%3BWullschleger%2C+S+D%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-17 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methane oxidation in arctic soils from high- and flat-centered polygons AN - 1797532541; 2016-053299 AB - The premise of global warming will cause deeper permafrost thawing, followed by increased carbon mineralization and CH (sub 4) formation in saturated tundra soils. Arctic tundra soils also serve as potential sinks for CH (sub 4) in response to warming temperature, which might be a key process in the global CH (sub 4) budget. Quantification of methane oxidation potential of Arctic tundra is an important component to constrain models assessing the Carbon-climate feedback from high latitude soils. The signature polygonal ground of Arctic tundra generates high level of heterogeneity in soil hydrology and soil thermal regime. Thus, two distinct polygonal features were investigated in this study to evaluate CH (sub 4) oxidation potentials under multiple biogeochemical controls. The rates, drivers, and temperature sensitivity of methane oxidation were compared between High- and Flat-Centered Polygons (HCP and FCP, respectively). A significant lag period of CO (sub 2) production was observed in soil microcosms from HCP center, which might be attributed to microbial biomass limitations and the slow growth of anaerobic microbial populations that were sensitive to freezing. Prolonged thawing significantly accelerated carbon mineralization and CH (sub 4) oxidation rates measured via methane oxidation assays (MOA) from both active and permafrost organic layers of HCP. Soil microcosms from FCP showed higher CO (sub 2) production and CH (sub 4) oxidation rates in the active organic layer, but not permafrost layer, which might be explained by the anoxic/oxic interface identified by Fe(II) content in active layer. MOAs with temperature manipulation demonstrated high temperature dependence of methane oxidation activity, mediated primarily by soluble methane monooxygenase based upon metagenomic analysis and PCR quantification. Future work will identify key variables controlling methane oxidation rate and develop parameterization that can be incorporated into Arctic terrestrial ecosystem models. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Zheng, J AU - Roy Chowdhury, T AU - Yang, Z AU - Gu, B AU - Wullschleger, S D AU - Graham, D E AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B13D EP - 0651 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1797532541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Methane+oxidation+in+arctic+soils+from+high-+and+flat-centered+polygons&rft.au=Zheng%2C+J%3BRoy+Chowdhury%2C+T%3BYang%2C+Z%3BGu%2C+B%3BWullschleger%2C+S+D%3BGraham%2C+D+E%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-17 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of excess CO (sub 2) relative to methane in peatlands; a new H (sub 2) sink AN - 1797532503; 2016-053200 AB - Methane is generated as the end product of anaerobic organic matter degradation following a series of reaction pathways including fermentation and syntrophy. Along with acetate and CO2, syntrophic reactions generate H2 and are only thermodynamically feasible when coupled to an exothermic reaction that consumes H2. The usual model of organic matter degradation in peatlands has assumed that methanogenesis is that exothermic H2-consuming reaction. If correct, this paradigm should ultimately result in equimolar production of CO2 and methane from the degradation of the model organic compound cellulose: i.e. C6H12O6 a 3CO2 + 3CH4. However, dissolved gas measurement and modeling results from field and incubation experiments spanning peatlands across the northern hemisphere have failed to demonstrate equimolar production of CO2 and methane. Instead, in a flagrant violation of thermodynamics, these studies show a large bias favoring CO2 production over methane generation. In this talk, we will use an array of complementary analytical techniques including FT-IR, cellulose and lignin measurements, 13C-NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry to describe organic matter degradation within a peat column and identify the important degradation mechanisms. Hydrogenation was the most common transformation observed in the ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry data. From these results we propose a new mechanism for consuming H2 generated during CO2 production, without concomitant methane formation, consistent with observed high CO2/CH4 ratios. While homoacetogenesis is a known sink for H2 in these systems, this process also consumes CO2 and therefore does not explain the excess CO2 measured in field and incubation samples. Not only does the newly proposed mechanism consume H2 without generating methane, but it also yields enough energy to balance the coupled syntrophic reactions, thereby restoring thermodynamic order. Schematic of organic matter degradation. Solid lines indicate traditional pathways from Conrad (1999), dashed lines indicates new proposed mechanism. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Wilson, R AU - Woodcroft, B J AU - Varner, R K AU - Tyson, G W AU - Tfaily, M M AU - Sebestyen, S AU - Saleska, S R AU - Rogers, K AU - Rich, V I AU - McFarlane, K J AU - Kostka, J E AU - Kolka, R K AU - Keller, J AU - Iversen, C M AU - Hodgkins, S B AU - Hanson, P J AU - Guilderson, T P AU - Griffiths, N AU - de La Cruz, F AU - Crill, P M AU - Chanton, J AU - Bridgham, S D AU - Barlaz, M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B11H EP - 0536 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1797532503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Production+of+excess+CO+%28sub+2%29+relative+to+methane+in+peatlands%3B+a+new+H+%28sub+2%29+sink&rft.au=Wilson%2C+R%3BWoodcroft%2C+B+J%3BVarner%2C+R+K%3BTyson%2C+G+W%3BTfaily%2C+M+M%3BSebestyen%2C+S%3BSaleska%2C+S+R%3BRogers%2C+K%3BRich%2C+V+I%3BMcFarlane%2C+K+J%3BKostka%2C+J+E%3BKolka%2C+R+K%3BKeller%2C+J%3BIversen%2C+C+M%3BHodgkins%2C+S+B%3BHanson%2C+P+J%3BGuilderson%2C+T+P%3BGriffiths%2C+N%3Bde+La+Cruz%2C+F%3BCrill%2C+P+M%3BChanton%2C+J%3BBridgham%2C+S+D%3BBarlaz%2C+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-17 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecosystem composition changes over the past millennium; model simulations and comparison with paleoecological observations AN - 1797532491; 2016-053180 AB - Over multi-decadal to multi-centennial timescales, ecosystem function and carbon storage is largely influenced by vegetation composition. The predictability of ecosystem responses to climate change thus depends on the understanding of long-term community dynamics. Our study aims to quantify the influence of the most relevant ecological factors that control plant distribution and abundance, in contemporary terrestrial biosphere models and in paleo-records, and constrain the model processes and parameters with paleoecological data. We simulated vegetation changes at 6 sites in the northeastern United States over the past 1160 years using 7 terrestrial biosphere models and variations (CLM4.5-CN, ED2, ED2-LU, JULES-TRIFFID, LINKAGES, LPJ-GUESS, LPJ-wsl) driven by common paleoclimatic drivers. We examined plant growth, recruitment, and mortality (including other carbon turnover) of the plant functional types (PFTs) in the models, attributed the responses to three major factors (climate, competition, and disturbance), and estimated the relative effect of each factor. We assessed the model responses against plant-community theories (bioclimatic limits, niche difference, temporal variation and storage effect, and disturbance). We found that vegetation composition were sensitive to realized niche differences (e.g. differential growth response) among PFTs. Because many models assume unlimited dispersal and sometimes recruitment, the "storage effect" constantly affects community composition. Fire was important in determining the ecosystem composition, yet the vegetation to fire feedback was weak in the models. We also found that vegetation-composition changes in the simulations were driven to a much greater degree by growth as opposed to by turnover/mortality, when compared with those in paleoecological records. Our work suggest that 1) for forecasting slow changes in vegetation composition, we can use paleo-data to better quantify the realized niches of PFTs and associated uncertainties, and 2) for predicting abrupt changes in vegetation composition, we need to better implement processes of dynamic turnover and fire in current ecosystem models. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Liu, Y AU - Rollinson, C AU - Dietze, M AU - McLachlan, J S AU - Poulter, Benjamin AU - Quaife, T L AU - Raiho, A AU - Ricciuto, D M AU - Schaefer, K M AU - Steinkamp, J AU - Moore, D J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B11C EP - 0447 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 24:Quaternary geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1797532491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Ecosystem+composition+changes+over+the+past+millennium%3B+model+simulations+and+comparison+with+paleoecological+observations&rft.au=Liu%2C+Y%3BRollinson%2C+C%3BDietze%2C+M%3BMcLachlan%2C+J+S%3BPoulter%2C+Benjamin%3BQuaife%2C+T+L%3BRaiho%2C+A%3BRicciuto%2C+D+M%3BSchaefer%2C+K+M%3BSteinkamp%2C+J%3BMoore%2C+D+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-17 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Holocene carbon accumulation rates in the SPRUCE bog prior to warming and elevated CO (sub 2) treatment AN - 1797529556; 2016-053202 AB - In the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Climatic and Environmental Change (SPRUCE) experiment warming and elevated CO2 treatments are being applied to an ombrotrophic spruce bog: the S1 Bog (S1) at Marcell Experimental Forest in northern Minnesota. To provide a historical context for recent and expected experimentally-induced changes in the bog's belowground carbon balance, we reconstructed historical carbon accumulation rates in peat using radiocarbon from 19 peat cores collected from randomly distributed SPRUCE plots. This unusually high number of cores allows us to assess spatial variability in age-depth profiles and accumulation rates across the SPRUCE study area within S1. This data, along with recent C flux measurements, show that the bog has been accumulating carbon for at least 12,0000 years and has continued to be a sink for atmospheric carbon of approximately 150 g C m-2 yr-1 in recent decades. Early Holocene accumulation rates are similar to those reported for other northern peatlands (approximately 25 g C m-2 yr-1), but apparent carbon accumulation decreased substantially around 3,000 years ago (to 5-15 g C m-2 yr-1) and stayed low until the last century. This decrease is considerably larger than that reported for other peatlands and is therefore unlikely to result only from cooling during the Holocene or bog succession. Although no charcoal has been found in peat at this site, evidence from a neighboring bog indicates a considerable amount of peat formed during this period was consumed by fire and it is possible that smoldering fires consumed peat, resulting in low apparent accumulation rates. Past droughts may have also contributed to observed trends by lowering the acrotelm/catotelm boundary, allowing for enhanced aerobic peat decomposition. This work provides important background information on spatial variability and carbon biogeochemistry that will aid in interpretation of climate change simulation experiments at S1. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - McFarlane, K J AU - Iversen, C M AU - Phillips, J R AU - Brice, D J AU - Hanson, P J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B11H EP - 0540 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1797529556?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Holocene+carbon+accumulation+rates+in+the+SPRUCE+bog+prior+to+warming+and+elevated+CO+%28sub+2%29+treatment&rft.au=McFarlane%2C+K+J%3BIversen%2C+C+M%3BPhillips%2C+J+R%3BBrice%2C+D+J%3BHanson%2C+P+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=McFarlane&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-17 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonlinear solver approaches for the diffusive wave approximation to the shallow water equations AN - 1793205028; 2016-049419 AB - The diffusive wave approximation to the shallow water equations (DSW) is a doubly-degenerate, nonlinear, parabolic partial differential equation used to model overland flows. Despite its challenges, the DSW equation has been extensively used to model the overland flow component of various integrated surface/subsurface models. The equation's complications become increasingly problematic when ponding occurs, a feature which becomes pervasive when solving on large domains with realistic terrain. In this talk I discuss the various forms and regularizations of the DSW equation and highlight their effect on the solvability of the nonlinear system. In addition to this analysis, I present results of a numerical study which tests the applicability of a class of composable nonlinear algebraic solvers recently added to the Portable, Extensible, Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc). JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Collier, Nathaniel AU - Knepley, M AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract T31E EP - 05 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1793205028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Nonlinear+solver+approaches+for+the+diffusive+wave+approximation+to+the+shallow+water+equations&rft.au=Collier%2C+Nathaniel%3BKnepley%2C+M%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-02 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigating redox processes under diffusive and advective flow conditions using a coupled omics and synchrotron approach AN - 1777472614; 2016-028136 AB - Fe (super III) - and SO (sub 4) (super 2-) -reducing microorganisms and the mineral phases they produce have profound implications for many processes in aquatic and terrestrial systems. In addition, many of these microbially-catalysed geochemical transformations are highly dependent upon introduction of reactants via advective and diffusive hydrological transport. We have characterized microbial communities from a set of static microcosms to test the effect of ethanol diffusion and sulfate concentration on UVI-contaminated sediment. The spatial distribution, valence states, and speciation of both U and Fe were monitored in situ throughout the experiment by synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy, in parallel with solution measurements of pH and the concentrations of sulfate, ethanol, and organic acids. After reaction initiation, a approximately 1-cm thick layer of sediment near the sediment-water (S-W) interface became visibly dark. Fe XANES spectra of the layer were consistent with the formation of FeS. Over the 4 year duration of the experiment, U L (sub III) -edge XANES indicated reduction of U, first in the dark layer and then throughout the sediment. Next, the microcosms were disassembled and samples were taken from the overlying water and different sediment regions. We extracted DNA and characterized the microbial community by sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons with the Illumina MiSeq platform and found that the community evolved from its originally homogeneous composition, becoming significantly spatially heterogeneous. We have also developed an x-ray accessible column to probe elemental transformations as they occur along the flow path in a porous medium with the purpose of refining reactive transport models (RTMs) that describe coupled physical and biogeochemical processes in environmental systems. The elemental distribution dynamics and the RTMs of the redox driven processes within them will be presented. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Kemner, Ken M AU - Boyanov, Maxim AU - Flynn, Theodore M AU - O'Loughlin, Edward J AU - Antonopoulos, Dionysios A AU - Kelly, Shelly D AU - Skinner, Kelly AU - Mishra, Bhoopesh AU - Brooks, Scott C AU - Watson, David B AU - Wu, Wei-Min AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract B21C EP - 0459 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777472614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Investigating+redox+processes+under+diffusive+and+advective+flow+conditions+using+a+coupled+omics+and+synchrotron+approach&rft.au=Kemner%2C+Ken+M%3BBoyanov%2C+Maxim%3BFlynn%2C+Theodore+M%3BO%27Loughlin%2C+Edward+J%3BAntonopoulos%2C+Dionysios+A%3BKelly%2C+Shelly+D%3BSkinner%2C+Kelly%3BMishra%2C+Bhoopesh%3BBrooks%2C+Scott+C%3BWatson%2C+David+B%3BWu%2C+Wei-Min%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kemner&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field observations and numerical modeling of the thermal effects of groundwater flow through a Subarctic fen AN - 1777469620; 2016-028197 AB - Field observations and numerical modeling of ground temperatures are the main tools for understanding current and projecting future permafrost changes in the rapidly warming Arctic. Traditionally, most studies have focused on vertical fluxes of heat through the ground. Groundwater can transport heat in both lateral and vertical directions but its influence on ground temperatures at local scales in permafrost environments is not well understood. In this study field observations from a subarctic fen located within the sporadic permafrost zone are combined with numerical simulations for investigating coupled water and thermal fluxes. Ground temperature profiles and groundwater levels were observed in boreholes at the Tavvavuoma study site in northern Sweden. Based on these observations, one- and two-dimensional simulations down to 2 m depth across a gradient of permafrost conditions both within and surrounding the fen, were set up. To quantify the influence of groundwater flows on the ground temperature, two-dimensional scenarios representing the fen under various groundwater fluxes were developed. The observations suggest that lateral groundwater flows significantly affect ground temperatures. This is corroborated by modeling results that show seasonal ground ice melts 1 month earlier when a lateral groundwater flux is present. Further, although the thermal regime may be dominated by vertically conducted heat fluxes during most of the year, isolated high groundwater flow events can be potentially important for ground temperatures. Sporadic permafrost environments contain substantial portions of unfrozen ground, often with active groundwater flow paths such as fens. Knowledge of this heat transport mechanism is therefore important for understanding permafrost dynamics in these environments. JF - American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Sjoberg, Ylva AU - Coon, Ethan AU - Sannel, Britta AU - Pannetier, Romain AU - Harp, Dylan R AU - Frampton, Andrew AU - Painter, Scott L AU - Lyon, Steve W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - Abstract GC23J EP - 1225 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 2015 KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777469620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Field+observations+and+numerical+modeling+of+the+thermal+effects+of+groundwater+flow+through+a+Subarctic+fen&rft.au=Sjoberg%2C+Ylva%3BCoon%2C+Ethan%3BSannel%2C+Britta%3BPannetier%2C+Romain%3BHarp%2C+Dylan+R%3BFrampton%2C+Andrew%3BPainter%2C+Scott+L%3BLyon%2C+Steve+W%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Sjoberg&rft.aufirst=Ylva&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2015 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-01 N1 - CODEN - #07548 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geochemical drivers of organic matter decomposition in arctic tundra soils AN - 1762369670; PQ0002514685 AB - Climate change is warming tundra ecosystems in the Arctic, resulting in the decomposition of previously-frozen soil organic matter (SOM) and release of carbon (C) to the atmosphere; however, the processes that control SOM decomposition and C emissions remain highly uncertain. In this study, we evaluate geochemical factors that influence microbial production of carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) and methane (CH sub(4)) in the seasonally-thawed active layer of interstitial polygonal tundra near Barrow, Alaska. We report spatial and seasonal patterns of dissolved gases in relation to the geochemical properties of Fe and organic C in soil and soil solution, as determined using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. The chemical composition of soil water collected during the annual thaw season varied significantly with depth. Soil water in the middle of the active layer contained abundant Fe(III), and aromatic-C and low-molecular-weight organic acids derived from SOM decomposition. At these depths, CH sub(4) was positively correlated with the ratio of Fe(III) to total Fe in waterlogged transitional and low-centered polygons but negatively correlated in the drier flat- and high-centered polygons. These observations contradict the expectation that CH sub(4) would be uniformly low where Fe(III) was high due to inhibition of methanogenesis by Fe(III)-reduction reactions. Our results suggest that vertically-stratified Fe redox reactions influence respiration/fermentation of SOM and production of substrates (e.g., low-molecular-weight organic acids) for methanogenesis, but that these effects vary with soil moisture. We infer that geochemical differences induced by water saturation dictate microbial products of SOM decomposition, and Fe geochemistry is an important factor regulating methanogenesis in anoxic tundra soils. JF - Biogeochemistry AU - Herndon, Elizabeth M AU - Yang, Ziming AU - Bargar, John AU - Janot, Noemie AU - Regier, Tom Z AU - Graham, David E AU - Wullschleger, Stan D AU - Gu, Baohua AU - Liang, Liyuan AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS-6036, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA, eherndo1@kent.edu Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - 397 EP - 414 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 126 IS - 3 SN - 0168-2563, 0168-2563 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Fermentation KW - Organic acids KW - Climatic changes KW - Soil Water KW - Decomposition KW - Soil KW - Tundra KW - Soils KW - Arctic KW - Seasonal variations KW - PNW, USA, Alaska, Barrow KW - organic acids KW - Gases KW - Microorganisms KW - Soil moisture KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Iron KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - Biodegradation KW - Degradation KW - Respiration KW - Atmosphere KW - Methanogenesis KW - Carbon KW - Methane KW - Organic Acids KW - Organic matter KW - Decomposing Organic Matter KW - Geochemistry KW - Soils (organic) KW - Polar environments KW - PN, Arctic KW - Soil depth KW - Q2 09262:Methods and instruments KW - SW 0810:General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1762369670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeochemistry&rft.atitle=Geochemical+drivers+of+organic+matter+decomposition+in+arctic+tundra+soils&rft.au=Herndon%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BYang%2C+Ziming%3BBargar%2C+John%3BJanot%2C+Noemie%3BRegier%2C+Tom+Z%3BGraham%2C+David+E%3BWullschleger%2C+Stan+D%3BGu%2C+Baohua%3BLiang%2C+Liyuan&rft.aulast=Herndon&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeochemistry&rft.issn=01682563&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10533-015-0165-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 73 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biodegradation; Degradation; Organic acids; Organic matter; Geochemistry; Soils; Carbon dioxide; Iron; Methanogenesis; Methane; Fermentation; Respiration; Climatic changes; Soils (organic); Atmosphere; Decomposition; organic acids; Carbon; Gases; Tundra; Soil moisture; Seasonal variations; Polar environments; Soil; Soil depth; Organic Acids; Decomposing Organic Matter; Microorganisms; Soil Water; Arctic; Carbon Dioxide; PN, Arctic; PNW, USA, Alaska, Barrow DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0165-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological challenges to microbial bioethanol production and strategies for improved tolerance AN - 1751229231; PQ0002369189 AB - Bioethanol production output has increased steadily over the last two decades and is now beginning to become competitive with traditional liquid transportation fuels due to advances in engineering, the identification of new production host organisms, and the development of novel biodesign strategies. A significant portion of these efforts has been dedicated to mitigating the toxicological challenges encountered across the bioethanol production process. From the release of potentially cytotoxic or inhibitory compounds from input feedstocks, through the metabolic co-synthesis of ethanol and potentially detrimental byproducts, and to the potential cytotoxicity of ethanol itself, each stage of bioethanol production requires the application of genetic or engineering controls that ensure the host organisms remain healthy and productive to meet the necessary economies required for large scale production. In addition, as production levels continue to increase, there is an escalating focus on the detoxification of the resulting waste streams to minimize their environmental impact. This review will present the major toxicological challenges encountered throughout each stage of the bioethanol production process and the commonly employed strategies for reducing or eliminating potential toxic effects. JF - Ecotoxicology AU - Akinosho, Hannah AU - Rydzak, Thomas AU - Borole, Abhijeet AU - Ragauskas, Arthur AU - Close, Dan AD - Renewable BioProducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA, closedm@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - 2156 EP - 2174 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 24 IS - 10 SN - 0963-9292, 0963-9292 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Detoxification KW - Mitigation KW - Tolerance KW - Fuels KW - Byproducts KW - Drug tolerance KW - Streams KW - Toxicity tolerance KW - Engineering KW - Transportation KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Economics KW - Fuel KW - Ethanol KW - Environmental impact KW - Wastes KW - Toxicity KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Reviews KW - Biofuels KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - X 24500:Reviews, Legislation, Book & Conference Notices KW - D 04070:Pollution KW - W 30940:Products KW - P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1751229231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecotoxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicological+challenges+to+microbial+bioethanol+production+and+strategies+for+improved+tolerance&rft.au=Akinosho%2C+Hannah%3BRydzak%2C+Thomas%3BBorole%2C+Abhijeet%3BRagauskas%2C+Arthur%3BClose%2C+Dan&rft.aulast=Akinosho&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecotoxicology&rft.issn=09639292&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10646-015-1543-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 143 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tolerance; Cytotoxicity; Ecotoxicology; Fuels; Byproducts; Wastes; Environmental impact; Toxicity tolerance; Streams; Detoxification; Drug tolerance; Biofuels; Ethanol; Mitigation; Transportation; Reviews; Economics; Toxicity; Engineering; Water Pollution Effects; Fuel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1543-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of Trichloroethene with a Novel Ball Milled Fe-C Nanocomposite AN - 1751220453; PQ0002345944 AB - Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) is effective in reductively degrading dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), such as trichloroethene (TCE), in groundwater (i.e., dechlorination) although the NZVI technology itself still suffers from high material costs and inability to target hydrophobic contaminants in source zones. To address these problems, we developed a novel, inexpensive iron-carbon (Fe-C) nanocomposite material by simultaneously milling micron-size iron and activated carbon powder. Microscopic and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the composite material revealed that nanoparticles of Fe were dispersed in activated carbon and a new iron carbide phase was formed. Bench-scale studies showed that this material instantaneously sorbed >90% of TCE from aqueous solutions and subsequently decomposed TCE into non-chlorinated products. Compared to milled Fe, Fe-C nanocomposite dechlorinated TCE at a slightly slower rate and favored the production of ethene over other TCE degradation products such as C3 --C6 compounds. When placed in hexane-water mixture, the Fe-C nanocomposite materials are preferentially partitioned into the organic phase, indicating the ability of the composite materials to target DNAPL during remediation. JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials AU - Gao, Jie AU - Wang, Wei AU - Rondinone, Adam J AU - He, Feng AU - Liang, Liyuan AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - 443 EP - 450 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 300 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Activated carbon KW - ball mill KW - dechlorination KW - groundwater remediation KW - zero-valent iron nanoparticles KW - Dechlorination KW - Powder KW - composite materials KW - ethene KW - Hydrophobicity KW - Carbon (activated) KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Ground water KW - Trichloroethylene KW - Contaminants KW - nanoparticles KW - Iron KW - Degradation products KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1751220453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+Trichloroethene+with+a+Novel+Ball+Milled+Fe-C+Nanocomposite&rft.au=Gao%2C+Jie%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BRondinone%2C+Adam+J%3BHe%2C+Feng%3BLiang%2C+Liyuan&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=Jie&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=300&rft.issue=&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhazmat.2015.07.038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Powder; Dechlorination; composite materials; ethene; Hydrophobicity; Carbon (activated); X-ray diffraction; Ground water; Trichloroethylene; Contaminants; Iron; nanoparticles; Degradation products DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioenergy and Biodiversity: Key Lessons from the Pan American Region AN - 1735918398; PQ0002271645 AB - Understanding how large-scale bioenergy production can affect biodiversity and ecosystems is important if society is to meet current and future sustainable development goals. A variety of bioenergy production systems have been established within different contexts throughout the Pan American region, with wide-ranging results in terms of documented and projected effects on biodiversity and ecosystems. The Pan American region is home to the majority of commercial bioenergy production and therefore the region offers a broad set of experiences and insights on both conflicts and opportunities for biodiversity and bioenergy. This paper synthesizes lessons learned focusing on experiences in Canada, the United States, and Brazil regarding the conflicts that can arise between bioenergy production and ecological conservation, and benefits that can be derived when bioenergy policies promote planning and more sustainable land-management systems. We propose a research agenda to address priority information gaps that are relevant to biodiversity concerns and related policy challenges in the Pan American region. JF - Environmental Management AU - Kline, Keith L AU - Martinelli, Fernanda Silva AU - Mayer, Audrey L AU - Medeiros, Rodrigo AU - Oliveira, Camila Ortolan F AU - Sparovek, Gerd AU - Walter, Arnaldo AU - Venier, Lisa A AD - Center for BioEnergy Sustainability, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 37831, TN, USA, almayer@mtu.edu Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - 1377 EP - 1396 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 56 IS - 6 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Ecosystems KW - Biological diversity KW - Biodiversity KW - Sustainable development KW - ANW, Canada KW - USA KW - Currents KW - ASW, Brazil KW - Priorities KW - Conservation KW - Conflicts KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1735918398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Bioenergy+and+Biodiversity%3A+Key+Lessons+from+the+Pan+American+Region&rft.au=Kline%2C+Keith+L%3BMartinelli%2C+Fernanda+Silva%3BMayer%2C+Audrey+L%3BMedeiros%2C+Rodrigo%3BOliveira%2C+Camila+Ortolan+F%3BSparovek%2C+Gerd%3BWalter%2C+Arnaldo%3BVenier%2C+Lisa+A&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-015-0559-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 176 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sustainable development; Conservation; Biodiversity; Currents; Ecosystems; Priorities; Biological diversity; Conflicts; Biofuels; USA; ASW, Brazil; ANW, Canada DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0559-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atomic-Level Sculpting of Crystalline Oxides: Toward Bulk Nanofabrication with Single Atomic Plane Precision. AN - 1760863554; 26478983 AB - The atomic-level sculpting of 3D crystalline oxide nanostructures from metastable amorphous films in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is demonstrated. Strontium titanate nanostructures grow epitaxially from the crystalline substrate following the beam path. This method can be used for fabricating crystalline structures as small as 1-2 nm and the process can be observed in situ with atomic resolution. The fabrication of arbitrary shape structures via control of the position and scan speed of the electron beam is further demonstrated. Combined with broad availability of the atomic resolved electron microscopy platforms, these observations suggest the feasibility of large scale implementation of bulk atomic-level fabrication as a new enabling tool of nanoscience and technology, providing a bottom-up, atomic-level complement to 3D printing. JF - Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) AU - Jesse, Stephen AU - He, Qian AU - Lupini, Andrew R AU - Leonard, Donovan N AU - Oxley, Mark P AU - Ovchinnikov, Oleg AU - Unocic, Raymond R AU - Tselev, Alexander AU - Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel AU - Sumpter, Bobby G AU - Pennycook, Stephen J AU - Kalinin, Sergei V AU - Borisevich, Albina Y AD - Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. ; The Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. ; Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA. ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore. Y1 - 2015/11/25/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Nov 25 SP - 5895 EP - 5900 VL - 11 IS - 44 KW - complex oxides KW - microscopy KW - atomic-level sculpting KW - epitaxy KW - electron beam KW - patterning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1760863554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Small+%28Weinheim+an+der+Bergstrasse%2C+Germany%29&rft.atitle=Atomic-Level+Sculpting+of+Crystalline+Oxides%3A+Toward+Bulk+Nanofabrication+with+Single+Atomic+Plane+Precision.&rft.au=Jesse%2C+Stephen%3BHe%2C+Qian%3BLupini%2C+Andrew+R%3BLeonard%2C+Donovan+N%3BOxley%2C+Mark+P%3BOvchinnikov%2C+Oleg%3BUnocic%2C+Raymond+R%3BTselev%2C+Alexander%3BFuentes-Cabrera%2C+Miguel%3BSumpter%2C+Bobby+G%3BPennycook%2C+Stephen+J%3BKalinin%2C+Sergei+V%3BBorisevich%2C+Albina+Y&rft.aulast=Jesse&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2015-11-25&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=44&rft.spage=5895&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Small+%28Weinheim+an+der+Bergstrasse%2C+Germany%29&rft.issn=1613-6829&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fsmll.201502048 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-05-17 N1 - Date created - 2016-01-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201502048 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct Measurement of Optical Force Induced by Near-Field Plasmonic Cavity Using Dynamic Mode AFM. AN - 1735909581; 26586455 AB - Plasmonic nanostructures have attracted much attention in recent years because of their potential applications in optical manipulation through near-field enhancement. Continuing experimental efforts have been made to develop accurate techniques to directly measure the near-field optical force induced by the plasmonic nanostructures in the visible frequency range. In this work, we report a new application of dynamic mode atomic force microscopy (DM-AFM) in the measurement of the enhanced optical force acting on a nano-structured plasmonic resonant cavity. The plasmonic cavity is made of an upper gold-coated glass sphere and a lower quartz substrate patterned with an array of subwavelength gold disks. In the near-field when the sphere is positioned close to the disk array, plasmonic resonance is excited in the cavity and the induced force by a 1550 nm infrared laser is found to be increased by an order of magnitude compared with the photon pressure generated by the same laser light. The experiment demonstrates that DM-AFM is a powerful tool for the study of light induced forces and their enhancement in plasmonic nanostructures. JF - Scientific reports AU - Guan, Dongshi AU - Hang, Zhi Hong AU - Marcet, Zsolt AU - Liu, Hui AU - Kravchenko, I I AU - Chan, C T AU - Chan, H B AU - Tong, Penger AD - Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong. ; College of Physics, Optoelectronics, and Energy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China. ; National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. ; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA. Y1 - 2015/11/20/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Nov 20 SP - 16216 VL - 5 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1735909581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.atitle=Direct+Measurement+of+Optical+Force+Induced+by+Near-Field+Plasmonic+Cavity+Using+Dynamic+Mode+AFM.&rft.au=Guan%2C+Dongshi%3BHang%2C+Zhi+Hong%3BMarcet%2C+Zsolt%3BLiu%2C+Hui%3BKravchenko%2C+I+I%3BChan%2C+C+T%3BChan%2C+H+B%3BTong%2C+Penger&rft.aulast=Guan&rft.aufirst=Dongshi&rft.date=2015-11-20&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=16216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scientific+reports&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsrep16216 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-04-25 N1 - Date created - 2015-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Opt Express. 2009 Dec 21;17(26):23975-85 [20052108] Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2009 Dec;80(6 Pt 1):061604 [20365178] Opt Express. 2010 Dec 6;18(25):25665-76 [21164913] Phys Rev Lett. 2010 Dec 31;105(26):268302 [21231718] Nat Commun. 2013;4:1768 [23612309] Chem Rev. 2014 Mar 26;114(6):3087-119 [24443844] Nat Methods. 2006 May;3(5):347-55 [16628204] Phys Rev Lett. 2006 Jun 16;96(23):238101 [16803408] Nat Nanotechnol. 2007 Feb;2(2):114-20 [18654230] Nature. 2009 Jan 8;457(7226):170-3 [19129843] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep16216 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heteroepitaxial Cu2O thin film solar cell on metallic substrates. AN - 1731782408; 26541499 AB - Heteroepitaxial, single-crystal-like Cu2O films on inexpensive, flexible, metallic substrates can potentially be used as absorber layers for fabrication of low-cost, high-performance, non-toxic, earth-abundant solar cells. Here, we report epitaxial growth of Cu2O films on low cost, flexible, textured metallic substrates. Cu2O films were deposited on the metallic templates via pulsed laser deposition under various processing conditions to study the influence of processing parameters on the structural and electronic properties of the films. It is found that pure, epitaxial Cu2O phase without any trace of CuO phase is only formed in a limited deposition window of P(O2) - temperature. The (00l) single-oriented, highly textured, Cu2O films deposited under optimum P(O2) - temperature conditions exhibit excellent electronic properties with carrier mobility in the range of 40-60 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and carrier concentration over 10(16) cm(-3). The power conversion efficiency of 1.65% is demonstrated from a proof-of-concept Cu2O solar cell based on epitaxial Cu2O film prepared on the textured metal substrate. JF - Scientific reports AU - Wee, Sung Hun AU - Huang, Po-Shun AU - Lee, Jung-Kun AU - Goyal, Amit AD - Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. ; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15261, USA. Y1 - 2015/11/06/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Nov 06 SP - 16272 VL - 5 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731782408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.atitle=Heteroepitaxial+Cu2O+thin+film+solar+cell+on+metallic+substrates.&rft.au=Wee%2C+Sung+Hun%3BHuang%2C+Po-Shun%3BLee%2C+Jung-Kun%3BGoyal%2C+Amit&rft.aulast=Wee&rft.aufirst=Sung&rft.date=2015-11-06&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=16272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scientific+reports&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsrep16272 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-04-20 N1 - Date created - 2015-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Mar 15;43(6):2072-7 [19368216] ACS Nano. 2011 May 24;5(5):3736-43 [21486071] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep16272 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of suppressed formation of low-conductivity phases in doped Li7La3Zr2O12 garnets by in situ neutron diffraction AN - 1811889117; PQ0003517236 AB - Doped Li7La3Zr2O12 garnets, oxide-based solids with good Li+ conductivity and compatibility, show great potential as leading electrolyte material candidates for all-solid-state lithium ion batteries. However, the conductive bulk usually suffers from the presence of secondary phases and the transition towards a low-conductivity tetragonal phase during synthesis. Dopants are designed to stabilize the high-conductive cubic phase and suppress the formation of the low-conductivity phases. In situ neutron diffraction enables a direct observation of the doping effects by monitoring the phase evolutions during garnet synthesis. It reveals the reaction mechanism involving the temporary presence of intermediate phases. The off-stoichiometry due to the liquid Li2CO3 evaporation leads to the residual of the low-conductivity intermediate phase in the as-synthesized bulk. Appropriate doping of an active element may alter the component of the intermediate phases and promote the completion of the reaction. While the dopants aid to stabilize most of the cubic phase, a small amount of tetragonal phase tends to form under a diffusion process. The in situ observations provide the guideline of process optimization to suppress the formation of unwanted low-conductivity phases. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Chen, Yan AU - Rangasamy, Ezhiylmurugan AU - dela Cruz, Clarina R AU - Liang, Chengdu AU - An, Ke AD - Chemical and Engineering Materials Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge; TN 37831; USA Y1 - 2015/11// PY - 2015 DA - November 2015 SP - 22868 EP - 22876 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 3 IS - 45 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Electrolytes KW - Batteries KW - Evaporation KW - Energy KW - Guidelines KW - Diffusion KW - Lithium KW - Sustainability KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1811889117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=A+study+of+suppressed+formation+of+low-conductivity+phases+in+doped+Li7La3Zr2O12+garnets+by+in+situ+neutron+diffraction&rft.au=Chen%2C+Yan%3BRangasamy%2C+Ezhiylmurugan%3Bdela+Cruz%2C+Clarina+R%3BLiang%2C+Chengdu%3BAn%2C+Ke&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Yan&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=45&rft.spage=22868&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ta04902d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 57 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electrolytes; Batteries; Evaporation; Energy; Guidelines; Diffusion; Sustainability; Lithium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta04902d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A POM-organic framework anode for Li-ion battery AN - 1811879883; PQ0003517257 AB - Rechargeable Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the dominant power source for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, and for small-scale stationary energy storage. However, one bottleneck of the anode materials for LIBs is the poor cycling performance caused by the fact that the anodes cannot maintain their integrity over several charge-discharge cycles. In this work, we demonstrate an approach to improving the cycling performance of lithium-ion battery anodes by constructing an extended 3D network of flexible redox active polyoxometalate (POM) clusters with redox active organic linkers, herein described as POMOF. This architecture enables the accommodation of large volume changes during cycling at relatively high current rates. For example, the POMOF anode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 540 mA h g-1 after 360 cycles at a current rate of 0.25C and a long cycle life at a current rate of 1.25C (>500 cycles). JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Yue, Yanfeng AU - Li, Yunchao AU - Bi, Zhonghe AU - Veith, Gabriel M AU - Bridges, Craig A AU - Guo, Bingkun AU - Chen, Jihua AU - Mullins, David R AU - Surwade, Sumedh P AU - Mahurin, Shannon M AU - Liu, Hongjun AU - Paranthaman, MParans AU - Dai, Sheng AD - Chemical Sciences Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge; Tennessee 37831; USA Y1 - 2015/11// PY - 2015 DA - November 2015 SP - 22989 EP - 22995 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 3 IS - 45 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Storage KW - Batteries KW - Energy KW - Sustainability KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1811879883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=A+POM-organic+framework+anode+for+Li-ion+battery&rft.au=Yue%2C+Yanfeng%3BLi%2C+Yunchao%3BBi%2C+Zhonghe%3BVeith%2C+Gabriel+M%3BBridges%2C+Craig+A%3BGuo%2C+Bingkun%3BChen%2C+Jihua%3BMullins%2C+David+R%3BSurwade%2C+Sumedh+P%3BMahurin%2C+Shannon+M%3BLiu%2C+Hongjun%3BParanthaman%2C+MParans%3BDai%2C+Sheng&rft.aulast=Yue&rft.aufirst=Yanfeng&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=45&rft.spage=22989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ta06785e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 62 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Batteries; Energy; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta06785e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathways and transformations of dissolved methane and dissolved inorganic carbon in Arctic tundra watersheds; evidence from analysis of stable isotopes AN - 1797535087; 2016-050700 AB - Arctic soils contain a large pool of terrestrial C and are of interest due to their potential for releasing significant carbon dioxide (CO (sub 2) ) and methane (CH (sub 4) ) to the atmosphere. Due to substantial landscape heterogeneity, predicting ecosystem-scale CH (sub 4) and CO (sub 2) production is challenging. This study assessed dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC = Sigma (total) dissolved CO (sub 2) ) and CH (sub 4) in watershed drainages in Barrow, Alaska as critical convergent zones of regional geochemistry, substrates, and nutrients. In July and September of 2013, surface waters and saturated subsurface pore waters were collected from 17 drainages. Based on simultaneous DIC and CH (sub 4) cycling, we synthesized isotopic and geochemical methods to develop a subsurface CH (sub 4) and DIC balance by estimating mechanisms of CH (sub 4) and DIC production and transport pathways and oxidation of subsurface CH (sub 4) . We observed a shift from acetoclastic (July) toward hydrogenotropic (September) methanogenesis at sites located toward the end of major freshwater drainages, adjacent to salty estuarine waters, suggesting an interesting landscape-scale effect on CH (sub 4) production mechanism. The majority of subsurface CH (sub 4) was transported upward by plant-mediated transport and ebullition, predominantly bypassing the potential for CH (sub 4) oxidation. Thus, surprisingly, CH (sub 4) oxidation only consumed approximately 2.51 + or - 0.82% (July) and 0.79 + or - 0.79% (September) of CH (sub 4) produced at the frost table, contributing to <0.1% of DIC production. DIC was primarily produced from respiration, with iron and organic matter serving as likely e- acceptors. This work highlights the importance of spatial and temporal variability of CH (sub 4) production at the watershed scale and suggests broad scale investigations are required to build better regional or pan-Arctic representations of CH (sub 4) and CO (sub 2) production. Abstract Copyright (2015), . American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Throckmorton, Heather M AU - Heikoop, Jeffrey M AU - Newman, Brent D AU - Altmann, Garrett L AU - Conrad, Mark S AU - Muss, Jordan D AU - Perkins, George B AU - Smith, Lydia J AU - Torn, Margaret S AU - Wullschleger, Stan D AU - Wilson, Cathy J Y1 - 2015/11// PY - 2015 DA - November 2015 SP - 1893 EP - 1910 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 29 IS - 11 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - United States KW - soils KW - hydrology KW - methane KW - isotopes KW - tundra KW - isotope ratios KW - Arctic region KW - C-13/C-12 KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - watersheds KW - solutes KW - alkanes KW - stable isotopes KW - geochemical cycle KW - organic compounds KW - transport KW - carbon KW - hydrocarbons KW - Alaska KW - carbon cycle KW - transformations KW - pore water KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1797535087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Pathways+and+transformations+of+dissolved+methane+and+dissolved+inorganic+carbon+in+Arctic+tundra+watersheds%3B+evidence+from+analysis+of+stable+isotopes&rft.au=Throckmorton%2C+Heather+M%3BHeikoop%2C+Jeffrey+M%3BNewman%2C+Brent+D%3BAltmann%2C+Garrett+L%3BConrad%2C+Mark+S%3BMuss%2C+Jordan+D%3BPerkins%2C+George+B%3BSmith%2C+Lydia+J%3BTorn%2C+Margaret+S%3BWullschleger%2C+Stan+D%3BWilson%2C+Cathy+J&rft.aulast=Throckmorton&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2014GB005044 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 79 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alaska; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Arctic region; C-13/C-12; carbon; carbon cycle; geochemical cycle; hydrocarbons; hydrology; isotope ratios; isotopes; methane; organic compounds; pore water; soils; solutes; stable isotopes; transformations; transport; tundra; United States; watersheds DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005044 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathways of anaerobic organic matter decomposition in tundra soils from Barrow, Alaska AN - 1780516336; PQ0002824329 AB - Arctic tundra soils store a large quantity of organic carbon that is susceptible to decomposition and release to the atmosphere as methane (CH sub(4)) and carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) under a warming climate. Anaerobic processes that generate CH sub(4) and CO sub(2) remain unclear because previous studies have focused on aerobic decomposition pathways. To predict releases of CO sub(2) and CH sub(4) from tundra soils, it is necessary to identify pathways of soil organic matter decomposition under the anoxic conditions that are prevalent in Arctic ecosystems. Here molecular and spectroscopic techniques were used to monitor biological degradation of water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) during anoxic incubation of tundra soils from a region of continuous permafrost in northern Alaska. Organic and mineral soils from the tundra active layer were incubated at -2, +4, or +8 degree C for up to 60days to mimic the short-term thaw season. Results suggest that, under anoxic conditions, fermentation converted complex organic molecules into simple organic acids that were used in concomitant Fe-reduction and acetoclastic methanogenesis reactions. Nonaromatic compounds increased over time as WEOC increased. Organic acid metabolites initially accumulated in soils but were mostly depleted by day 60 because organic acids were consumed to produce Fe(II), CO sub(2), and CH sub(4). We conclude that fermentation of nonprotected organic matter facilitates methanogenesis and Fe reduction reactions, and that the proportion of organic acids consumed by methanogenesis increases relative to Fe reduction with increasing temperature. The decomposition pathways observed in this study are important to consider in numerical modeling of greenhouse gas production in the Arctic. Key Points * We evaluated low-temperature, anoxic decomposition of tundra soil organic matter * Fermentation supplied substrates for concomitant Fe reduction and methanogenesis * Identified pathways are important for predicting C emissions from Arctic soils JF - Journal of Geophysical Research. G. Biogeosciences AU - Herndon, Elizabeth M AU - Mann, Benjamin F AU - Roy Chowdhury, Taniya AU - Yang, Ziming AU - Wullschleger, Stan D AU - Graham, David AU - Liang, Liyuan AU - Gu, Baohua AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2015/11// PY - 2015 DA - November 2015 SP - 2345 EP - 2359 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United States VL - 120 IS - 11 SN - 2169-8953, 2169-8953 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Anaerobic Conditions KW - Biodegradation KW - Degradation KW - Organic acids KW - Fermentation KW - Permafrost KW - Metabolites KW - Decomposition KW - Atmosphere KW - Methanogenesis KW - Soil KW - Carbon KW - Tundra KW - Soils KW - Anoxic Conditions KW - Temperature effects KW - PNW, USA, Alaska, Barrow KW - Methane KW - Organic Acids KW - Organic Carbon KW - Organic matter KW - Climate KW - Soils (organic) KW - Soil Organic Matter KW - Greenhouses KW - PN, Arctic KW - organic acids KW - Gas production KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Minerals KW - Iron KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - Q2 09262:Methods and instruments KW - SW 0810:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1780516336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+G.+Biogeosciences&rft.atitle=Pathways+of+anaerobic+organic+matter+decomposition+in+tundra+soils+from+Barrow%2C+Alaska&rft.au=Herndon%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BMann%2C+Benjamin+F%3BRoy+Chowdhury%2C+Taniya%3BYang%2C+Ziming%3BWullschleger%2C+Stan+D%3BGraham%2C+David%3BLiang%2C+Liyuan%3BGu%2C+Baohua&rft.aulast=Herndon&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+G.+Biogeosciences&rft.issn=21698953&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2015JG003147 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biodegradation; Degradation; Fermentation; Organic acids; Organic matter; Soils; Carbon dioxide; Iron; Methanogenesis; Temperature effects; Methane; Climate; Permafrost; Soils (organic); Metabolites; Atmosphere; Decomposition; Greenhouses; Soil; organic acids; Carbon; Gas production; Tundra; Minerals; Anaerobic Conditions; Organic Acids; Organic Carbon; Anoxic Conditions; Soil Organic Matter; Carbon Dioxide; PN, Arctic; PNW, USA, Alaska, Barrow DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003147 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DFNWorks; a discrete fracture network framework for modeling subsurface flow and transport AN - 1734265627; 2015-109871 AB - dfnWorks is a parallelized computational suite to generate three-dimensional discrete fracture networks (DFN) and simulate flow and transport. Developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory over the past five years, it has been used to study flow and transport in fractured media at scales ranging from millimeters to kilometers. The networks are created and meshed using dfnGen, which combines fram (the feature rejection algorithm for meshing) methodology to stochastically generate three-dimensional DFNs with the LaGriT meshing toolbox to create a high-quality computational mesh representation. The representation produces a conforming Delaunay triangulation suitable for high performance computing finite volume solvers in an intrinsically parallel fashion. Flow through the network is simulated in dfnFlow, which utilizes the massively parallel subsurface flow and reactive transport finite volume code pflotran. A Lagrangian approach to simulating transport through the DFN is adopted within dfnTrans to determine pathlines and solute transport through the DFN. Example applications of this suite in the areas of nuclear waste repository science, hydraulic fracturing and CO (sub 2) sequestration are also included. Abstract Copyright (2015) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Computers & Geosciences AU - Hyman, Jeffrey D AU - Karra, Satish AU - Makedonska, Nataliia AU - Gable, Carl W AU - Painter, Scott L AU - Viswanathan, Hari S Y1 - 2015/11// PY - 2015 DA - November 2015 SP - 10 EP - 19 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 84 SN - 0098-3004, 0098-3004 KW - solute transport KW - hazardous waste KW - fractured materials KW - isotopes KW - data processing KW - fluid phase KW - Europe KW - reservoir rocks KW - radioactive waste KW - carbon dioxide KW - fractures KW - radioactive isotopes KW - transport KW - movement KW - algorithms KW - systems KW - hydraulic fracturing KW - carbon sequestration KW - Western Europe KW - DFNWorks model KW - pollutants KW - structural analysis KW - solutes KW - pollution KW - fluid flow KW - porous materials KW - Forsmark Sweden KW - models KW - Scandinavia KW - physical properties KW - reservoir properties KW - waste disposal KW - Sweden KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1734265627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.atitle=DFNWorks%3B+a+discrete+fracture+network+framework+for+modeling+subsurface+flow+and+transport&rft.au=Hyman%2C+Jeffrey+D%3BKarra%2C+Satish%3BMakedonska%2C+Nataliia%3BGable%2C+Carl+W%3BPainter%2C+Scott+L%3BViswanathan%2C+Hari+S&rft.aulast=Hyman&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Geosciences&rft.issn=00983004&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2015.08.001 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5840&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e5198452fad934c6346f38b57511c8e0 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-19 N1 - CODEN - GGEOD5 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - algorithms; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; data processing; DFNWorks model; Europe; fluid flow; fluid phase; Forsmark Sweden; fractured materials; fractures; hazardous waste; hydraulic fracturing; isotopes; models; movement; physical properties; pollutants; pollution; porous materials; radioactive isotopes; radioactive waste; reservoir properties; reservoir rocks; Scandinavia; solute transport; solutes; structural analysis; Sweden; systems; transport; waste disposal; Western Europe DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2015.08.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Constraining Data Mining with Physical Models: Voltage- and Oxygen Pressure-Dependent Transport in Multiferroic Nanostructures. AN - 1722419054; 26312554 AB - Development of new generation electronic devices necessitates understanding and controlling the electronic transport in ferroic, magnetic, and optical materials, which is hampered by two factors. First, the complications of working at the nanoscale, where interfaces, grain boundaries, defects, and so forth, dictate the macroscopic characteristics. Second, the convolution of the response signals stemming from the fact that several physical processes may be activated simultaneously. Here, we present a method of solving these challenges via a combination of atomic force microscopy and data mining analysis techniques. Rational selection of the latter allows application of physical constraints and enables direct interpretation of the statistically significant behaviors in the framework of the chosen physical model, thus distilling physical meaning out of raw data. We demonstrate our approach with an example of deconvolution of complex transport behavior in a bismuth ferrite-cobalt ferrite nanocomposite in ambient and ultrahigh vacuum environments. Measured signal is apportioned into four electronic transport patterns, showing different dependence on partial oxygen and water vapor pressure. These patterns are described in terms of Ohmic conductance and Schottky emission models in the light of surface electrochemistry. Furthermore, deep data analysis allows extraction of local dopant concentrations and barrier heights empowering our understanding of the underlying dynamic mechanisms of resistive switching. JF - Nano letters AU - Strelcov, Evgheni AU - Belianinov, Alexei AU - Hsieh, Ying-Hui AU - Chu, Ying-Hao AU - Kalinin, Sergei V AD - Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials and Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. Y1 - 2015/10/14/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Oct 14 SP - 6650 EP - 6657 VL - 15 IS - 10 KW - Bismuth ferrite KW - Bayesian linear unmixing KW - FORC-IV KW - multivariate analysis KW - oxide heterostructures KW - cobalt ferrite UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1722419054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nano+letters&rft.atitle=Constraining+Data+Mining+with+Physical+Models%3A+Voltage-+and+Oxygen+Pressure-Dependent+Transport+in+Multiferroic+Nanostructures.&rft.au=Strelcov%2C+Evgheni%3BBelianinov%2C+Alexei%3BHsieh%2C+Ying-Hui%3BChu%2C+Ying-Hao%3BKalinin%2C+Sergei+V&rft.aulast=Strelcov&rft.aufirst=Evgheni&rft.date=2015-10-14&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=6650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nano+letters&rft.issn=1530-6992&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.5b02472 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2015-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02472 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residential micro-hub load model using neural network AN - 1837301175; PQ0002401053 AB - This paper presents the modeling of a residential micro-hub load based on real measurements and simulation data obtained using the Energy Hub Management System (EHMS) model of a residential load. A neural network (NN) is used to estimate the load model as a function of time, temperature, peak demand, and energy price. Different NN training approaches are compared to determine the best function to be used, based on the available data. Also, the number of hidden layer neurons are varied to obtain the best fit for the NN model. The results show that the proposed NN model is able to properly represent the behavior of an actual residential micro-hub. JF - IEEE Conferences AU - Sharma, Isha AU - Canizares, Claudio AU - Bhattacharya, Kankar AD - Energy and Environmental Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, USA 37831 Y1 - 2015/10// PY - 2015 DA - October 2015 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 345 E. 47th St. NY NY 10017-2394 USA KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Data processing KW - Conferences KW - Neural networks KW - Energy KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1837301175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Conferences&rft.atitle=Residential+micro-hub+load+model+using+neural+network&rft.au=Sharma%2C+Isha%3BCanizares%2C+Claudio%3BBhattacharya%2C+Kankar&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Isha&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Conferences&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FNAPS.2015.7335091 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Data processing; Conferences; Neural networks; Energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2015.7335091 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particle tracking approach for transport in three-dimensional discrete fracture networks; particle tracking in 3-D DFNs AN - 1824215296; 2016-084521 AB - The discrete fracture network (DFN) model is a method to mimic discrete pathways for fluid flow through a fractured low-permeable rock mass, and may be combined with particle tracking simulations to address solute transport. However, experience has shown that it is challenging to obtain accurate transport results in three-dimensional DFNs because of the high computational burden and difficulty in constructing a high-quality unstructured computational mesh on simulated fractures. We present a new particle tracking capability, which is adapted to control volume (Voronoi polygons) flow solutions on unstructured grids (Delaunay triangulations) on three-dimensional DFNs. The locally mass-conserving finite-volume approach eliminates mass balance-related problems during particle tracking. The scalar fluxes calculated for each control volume face by the flow solver are used to reconstruct a Darcy velocity at each control volume centroid. The groundwater velocities can then be continuously interpolated to any point in the domain of interest. The control volumes at fracture intersections are split into four pieces, and the velocity is reconstructed independently on each piece, which results in multiple groundwater velocities at the intersection, one for each fracture on each side of the intersection line. This technique enables detailed particle transport representation through a complex DFN structure. Verified for small DFNs, the new simulation capability enables numerical experiments on advective transport in large DFNs to be performed. We demonstrate this particle transport approach on a DFN model using parameters similar to those of crystalline rock at a proposed geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel in Forsmark, Sweden. Copyright 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland and Springer International Publishing Switzerland (outside the USA) 2015 JF - Computational Geosciences AU - Makedonska, Nataliia AU - Painter, Scott L AU - Bui, Quan M AU - Gable, Carl W AU - Karra, Satish Y1 - 2015/10// PY - 2015 DA - October 2015 SP - 1123 EP - 1137 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 19 IS - 5 SN - 1420-0597, 1420-0597 KW - solute transport KW - Western Europe KW - three-dimensional models KW - Darcy's law KW - discrete fracture network KW - mathematical models KW - Europe KW - advection KW - simulation KW - ground water KW - Forsmark Sweden KW - models KW - case studies KW - particle tracking KW - fractures KW - Scandinavia KW - Uppsala Sweden KW - transport KW - naturally fractured reservoirs KW - mathematical methods KW - hydrodynamics KW - Sweden KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1824215296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computational+Geosciences&rft.atitle=Particle+tracking+approach+for+transport+in+three-dimensional+discrete+fracture+networks%3B+particle+tracking+in+3-D+DFNs&rft.au=Makedonska%2C+Nataliia%3BPainter%2C+Scott+L%3BBui%2C+Quan+M%3BGable%2C+Carl+W%3BKarra%2C+Satish&rft.aulast=Makedonska&rft.aufirst=Nataliia&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computational+Geosciences&rft.issn=14200597&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10596-015-9525-4 L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/101744/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 49 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - advection; case studies; Darcy's law; discrete fracture network; Europe; Forsmark Sweden; fractures; ground water; hydrodynamics; mathematical methods; mathematical models; models; naturally fractured reservoirs; particle tracking; Scandinavia; simulation; solute transport; Sweden; three-dimensional models; transport; Uppsala Sweden; Western Europe DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10596-015-9525-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maximum likelihood Bayesian model averaging and its predictive analysis for groundwater reactive transport models AN - 1780802039; 2016-032366 AB - While Bayesian model averaging (BMA) has been widely used in groundwater modeling, it is infrequently applied to groundwater reactive transport modeling because of multiple sources of uncertainty in the coupled hydrogeochemical processes and because of the long execution time of each model run. To resolve these problems, this study analyzed different levels of uncertainty in a hierarchical way, and used the maximum likelihood version of BMA, i.e., MLBMA, to improve the computational efficiency. This study demonstrates the applicability of MLBMA to groundwater reactive transport modeling in a synthetic case in which twenty-seven reactive transport models were designed to predict the reactive transport of hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) based on observations at a former uranium mill site near Naturita, CO. These reactive transport models contain three uncertain model components, i.e., parameterization of hydraulic conductivity, configuration of model boundary, and surface complexation reactions that simulate U(VI) adsorption. These uncertain model components were aggregated into the alternative models by integrating a hierarchical structure into MLBMA. The modeling results of the individual models and MLBMA were analyzed to investigate their predictive performance. The predictive logscore results show that MLBMA generally outperforms the best model, suggesting that using MLBMA is a sound strategy to achieve more robust model predictions relative to a single model. MLBMA works best when the alternative models are structurally distinct and have diverse model predictions. When correlation in model structure exists, two strategies were used to improve predictive performance by retaining structurally distinct models or assigning smaller prior model probabilities to correlated models. Since the synthetic models were designed using data from the Naturita site, the results of this study are expected to provide guidance for real-world modeling. Limitations of applying MLBMA to the synthetic study and future real-world modeling are discussed. Abstract Copyright (2015) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Lu, Dan AU - Ye, Ming AU - Curtis, Gary P Y1 - 2015/10// PY - 2015 DA - October 2015 SP - 1859 EP - 1873 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 529 IS - Part 3 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - sorption KW - Bayesian analysis KW - data processing KW - Naturita Colorado KW - Montrose County Colorado KW - San Miguel River KW - environmental analysis KW - ground water KW - reactivity KW - transport KW - probability KW - water pollution KW - acid mine drainage KW - pollutants KW - statistical analysis KW - solutes KW - prediction KW - pollution KW - correlation KW - models KW - metals KW - mathematical methods KW - uranium KW - hydraulic conductivity KW - Colorado KW - actinides KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1780802039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Maximum+likelihood+Bayesian+model+averaging+and+its+predictive+analysis+for+groundwater+reactive+transport+models&rft.au=Lu%2C+Dan%3BYe%2C+Ming%3BCurtis%2C+Gary+P&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft.volume=529&rft.issue=Part+3&rft.spage=1859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2015.07.029 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 53 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-14 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acid mine drainage; actinides; Bayesian analysis; Colorado; correlation; data processing; environmental analysis; ground water; hydraulic conductivity; mathematical methods; metals; models; Montrose County Colorado; Naturita Colorado; pollutants; pollution; prediction; probability; reactivity; San Miguel River; solute transport; solutes; sorption; statistical analysis; transport; United States; uranium; water pollution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.07.029 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial metaproteomics for characterizing the range of metabolic functions and activities of human gut microbiota AN - 1727682855; PQ0002168710 AB - The human gastrointestinal tract is a complex, dynamic ecosystem that consists of a carefully tuned balance of human host and microbiota membership. The microbiome is not merely a collection of opportunistic parasites, but rather provides important functions to the host that are absolutely critical to many aspects of health, including nutrient transformation and absorption, drug metabolism, pathogen defense, and immune system development. Microbial metaproteomics provides the ability to characterize the human gut microbiota functions and metabolic activities at a remarkably deep level, revealing information about microbiome development and stability as well as their interactions with their human host. Generally, microbial and human proteins can be extracted and then measured by high performance MS-based proteomics technology. Here, we review the field of human gut microbiome metaproteomics, with a focus on the experimental and informatics considerations involved in characterizing systems ranging from low-complexity model gut microbiota in gnotobiotic mice, to the emerging gut microbiome in the GI tract of newborn human infants, and finally to an established gut microbiota in human adults. JF - Proteomics AU - Xiong, Weili AU - Abraham, Paul E AU - Li, Zhou AU - Pan, Chongle AU - Hettich, Robert L AD - Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2015/10// PY - 2015 DA - Oct 2015 SP - 3424 EP - 3438 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 15 IS - 20 SN - 1615-9853, 1615-9853 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Transformation KW - Parasites KW - Informatics KW - Drug metabolism KW - Immune system KW - Animal models KW - Nutrients KW - Pathogens KW - Development KW - Digestive tract KW - Reviews KW - Gnotobiotics KW - Neonates KW - proteomics KW - Gastrointestinal tract KW - Infants KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1727682855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proteomics&rft.atitle=Microbial+metaproteomics+for+characterizing+the+range+of+metabolic+functions+and+activities+of+human+gut+microbiota&rft.au=Xiong%2C+Weili%3BAbraham%2C+Paul+E%3BLi%2C+Zhou%3BPan%2C+Chongle%3BHettich%2C+Robert+L&rft.aulast=Xiong&rft.aufirst=Weili&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=3424&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proteomics&rft.issn=16159853&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpmic.201400571 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transformation; Parasites; Informatics; Immune system; Drug metabolism; Animal models; Nutrients; Development; Pathogens; Digestive tract; Reviews; Gnotobiotics; Gastrointestinal tract; proteomics; Neonates; Infants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201400571 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of antimicrobial peptide on the dynamics of phosphocholine membrane: role of cholesterol and physical state of bilayer. AN - 1705729082; 26212615 AB - Antimicrobial peptides are universal in all forms of life and are well known for their strong interaction with the cell membrane. This makes them a popular target for investigation of peptide-lipid interactions. Here we report the effect of melittin, an important antimicrobial peptide, on the dynamics of membranes based on 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) lipid in both the solid gel and fluid phases. To probe the phase transition, elastic neutron intensity temperature scans have been carried out on DMPC-based unilamellar vesicles (ULV) with and without melittin. We have found that addition of a small amount (0.2 mol%) melittin eliminates the steep fall in the elastic intensity at 296 K associated with the solid gel to fluid phase transition, which is observed for pure DMPC vesicles. Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) experiments have been carried out on DMPC ULV in the solid gel and fluid phases with and without 0.2 mol% melittin. The data analysis invariably shows the presence of lateral and internal motions of the DMPC molecule. We found that melittin does have a profound effect on the dynamics of lipid molecules, especially on the lateral motion, and affects it in a different way, depending on the phase of the bilayers. In the solid gel phase, it acts as a plasticizer, enhancing the lateral motion of DMPC. However, in the fluid phase it acts as a stiffening agent, restricting the lateral motion of the lipid molecules. These observations are consistent with the mean squared displacements extracted from the elastic intensity temperature scans. Their importance lies in the fact that many membrane processes, including signaling and energy transduction pathways, are controlled to a great extent by the lateral diffusion of lipids in the membrane. To investigate the effect of melittin on vesicles supplemented with cholesterol, QENS experiments have also been carried out on DMPC ULV with cholesterol in the presence and absence of 0.2 mol% melittin. Remarkably, the effects of melittin on the membrane dynamics disappear in the presence of 20 mol% cholesterol. Our measurements indicate that the destabilizing effect of the peptide melittin on membranes can be mitigated by the presence of cholesterol. This study might provide new insights into the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides and their selective toxicity towards foreign microorganisms. JF - Soft matter AU - Sharma, V K AU - Mamontov, E AU - Anunciado, D B AU - O'Neill, H AU - Urban, V S AD - Biology and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. sharmavk@ornl.gov sharmavk@barc.gov.in. Y1 - 2015/09/14/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Sep 14 SP - 6755 EP - 6767 VL - 11 IS - 34 KW - Lipid Bilayers KW - 0 KW - Unilamellar Liposomes KW - Melitten KW - 20449-79-0 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine KW - U86ZGC74V5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Unilamellar Liposomes -- chemistry KW - Temperature KW - Unilamellar Liposomes -- metabolism KW - Cholesterol -- metabolism KW - Cell Membrane -- drug effects KW - Cell Membrane -- chemistry KW - Lipid Bilayers -- chemistry KW - Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine -- metabolism KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Melitten -- pharmacology KW - Melitten -- metabolism KW - Lipid Bilayers -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1705729082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soft+matter&rft.atitle=Effect+of+antimicrobial+peptide+on+the+dynamics+of+phosphocholine+membrane%3A+role+of+cholesterol+and+physical+state+of+bilayer.&rft.au=Sharma%2C+V+K%3BMamontov%2C+E%3BAnunciado%2C+D+B%3BO%27Neill%2C+H%3BUrban%2C+V+S&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2015-09-14&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=6755&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soft+matter&rft.issn=1744-6848&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5sm01562f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-07-06 N1 - Date created - 2015-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm01562f ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in northern Gulf of Mexico sediment bacterial and archaeal communities exposed to hypoxia AN - 1828845022; 2016-087672 AB - Biogeochemical changes in marine sediments during coastal water hypoxia are well described, but less is known about underlying changes in microbial communities. Bacterial and archaeal communities in Louisiana continental shelf (LCS) hypoxic zone sediments were characterized by pyrosequencing 16S rRNA V4-region gene fragments obtained by PCR amplification of community genomic DNA with bacterial- or archaeal-specific primers. Duplicate LCS sediment cores collected during hypoxia had higher concentrations of Fe(II), and dissolved inorganic carbon, phosphate, and ammonium than cores collected when overlying water oxygen concentrations were normal. Pyrosequencing yielded 158 686 bacterial and 225 591 archaeal sequences from 20 sediment samples, representing five 2-cm depth intervals in the duplicate cores. Bacterial communities grouped by sampling date and sediment depth in a neighbor-joining analysis using Chao-Jaccard shared species values. Redundancy analysis indicated that variance in bacterial communities was mainly associated with differences in sediment chemistry between oxic and hypoxic water column conditions. Gammaproteobacteria (26.5%) were most prominent among bacterial sequences, followed by Firmicutes (9.6%), and Alphaproteobacteria (5.6%). Crenarchaeotal, thaumarchaeotal, and euryarchaeotal lineages accounted for 57%, 27%, and 16% of archaeal sequences, respectively. In Thaumarchaeota Marine Group I, sequences were 96-99% identical to the Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 sequence, were highest in surficial sediments, and accounted for 31% of archaeal sequences when waters were normoxic vs. 13% of archaeal sequences when waters were hypoxic. Redundancy analysis showed Nitrosopumilus-related sequence abundance was correlated with high solid-phase Fe(III) concentrations, whereas most of the remaining archaeal clusters were not. In contrast, crenarchaeotal sequences were from phylogenetically diverse lineages, differed little in relative abundance between sampling times, and increased to high relative abundance with sediment depth. These results provide further evidence that marine sediment microbial community composition can be structured according to sediment chemistry and suggest the expansion of hypoxia in coastal waters may alter sediment microbial communities involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Abstract Copyright (2010), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Geobiology AU - Devereux, R AU - Mosher, J J AU - Vishnivetskaya, T A AU - Brown, S D AU - Beddick, D L, Jr AU - Yates, D F AU - Palumbo, A V Y1 - 2015/09// PY - 2015 DA - September 2015 SP - 478 EP - 493 PB - Wiley, Oxford VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 1472-4677, 1472-4677 KW - United States KW - communities KW - Archaea KW - principal components analysis KW - living taxa KW - phylogeny KW - statistical analysis KW - floral list KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - marine sediments KW - nucleic acids KW - floral studies KW - marine environment KW - bacteria KW - shelf environment KW - sediments KW - DNA KW - dysaerobic environment KW - Louisiana KW - North Atlantic KW - chemical composition KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1828845022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geobiology&rft.atitle=Changes+in+northern+Gulf+of+Mexico+sediment+bacterial+and+archaeal+communities+exposed+to+hypoxia&rft.au=Devereux%2C+R%3BMosher%2C+J+J%3BVishnivetskaya%2C+T+A%3BBrown%2C+S+D%3BBeddick%2C+D+L%2C+Jr%3BYates%2C+D+F%3BPalumbo%2C+A+V&rft.aulast=Devereux&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=478&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geobiology&rft.issn=14724677&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fgbi.12142 L2 - http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1472-4677 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 67 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Archaea; Atlantic Ocean; bacteria; chemical composition; communities; DNA; dysaerobic environment; floral list; floral studies; Gulf of Mexico; living taxa; Louisiana; marine environment; marine sediments; North Atlantic; nucleic acids; phylogeny; principal components analysis; sediments; shelf environment; statistical analysis; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12142 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of injection mode on transport properties in kilometer-scale three-dimensional discrete fracture networks AN - 1797538405; 2016-053102 AB - We investigate how the choice of injection mode impacts transport properties in kilometer-scale three-dimensional discrete fracture networks (DFN). The choice of injection mode, resident and flux-weighted, is designed to mimic different physical phenomena. It has been hypothesized that solute plumes injected under resident conditions evolve to behave similarly to solutes injected under flux-weighted conditions. Previously, computational limitations have prohibited the large-scale simulations required to investigate this hypothesis. We investigate this hypothesis by using a high-performance DFN suite, dfnWorks, to simulate flow in kilometer-scale three-dimensional DFNs based on fractured granite at the Forsmark site in Sweden, and adopt a Lagrangian approach to simulate transport therein. Results show that after traveling through a pre-equilibrium region, both injection methods exhibit linear scaling of the first moment of travel time and power law scaling of the breakthrough curve with similar exponents, slightly larger than 2. The physical mechanisms behind this evolution appear to be the combination of in-network channeling of mass into larger fractures, which offer reduced resistance to flow, and in-fracture channeling, which results from the topology of the DFN. Abstract Copyright (2015), . American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. JF - Water Resources Research AU - Hyman, J D AU - Painter, S L AU - Viswanathan, H AU - Makedonska, N AU - Karra, S AU - Montanari, Alberto AU - Bahr, Jean AU - Bloeschl, Guenter AU - Cai, Ximing AU - Mackay, D Scott AU - Michalak, Anna M AU - Rajaram, Harihar AU - Sander, Graham Y1 - 2015/09// PY - 2015 DA - September 2015 SP - 7289 EP - 7308 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 51 IS - 9 SN - 0043-1397, 0043-1397 KW - solute transport KW - networks KW - Western Europe KW - numerical models KW - three-dimensional models KW - waste disposal sites KW - mathematical models KW - Europe KW - equations KW - fracturing KW - discrete fracture networks KW - radioactive waste KW - Forsmark Sweden KW - fractures KW - Scandinavia KW - fluid injection KW - Uppsala Sweden KW - transport KW - waste disposal KW - underground disposal KW - Sweden KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1797538405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Resources+Research&rft.atitle=Influence+of+injection+mode+on+transport+properties+in+kilometer-scale+three-dimensional+discrete+fracture+networks&rft.au=Hyman%2C+J+D%3BPainter%2C+S+L%3BViswanathan%2C+H%3BMakedonska%2C+N%3BKarra%2C+S%3BMontanari%2C+Alberto%3BBahr%2C+Jean%3BBloeschl%2C+Guenter%3BCai%2C+Ximing%3BMackay%2C+D+Scott%3BMichalak%2C+Anna+M%3BRajaram%2C+Harihar%3BSander%2C+Graham&rft.aulast=Hyman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=7289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Resources+Research&rft.issn=00431397&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2015WR017151 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/wr/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 63 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-17 N1 - CODEN - WRERAQ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - discrete fracture networks; equations; Europe; fluid injection; Forsmark Sweden; fractures; fracturing; mathematical models; networks; numerical models; radioactive waste; Scandinavia; solute transport; Sweden; three-dimensional models; transport; underground disposal; Uppsala Sweden; waste disposal; waste disposal sites; Western Europe DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017151 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disentangling climatic and anthropogenic controls on global terrestrial evapotranspiration trends AN - 1776664232; PQ0002757441 AB - We examined natural and anthropogenic controls on terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) changes from 1982 to 2010 using multiple estimates from remote sensing-based datasets and process-oriented land surface models. A significant increasing trend of ET in each hemisphere was consistently revealed by observationally-constrained data and multi-model ensembles that considered historic natural and anthropogenic drivers. The climate impacts were simulated to determine the spatiotemporal variations in ET. Globally, rising CO sub(2) ranked second in these models after the predominant climatic influences, and yielded decreasing trends in canopy transpiration and ET, especially for tropical forests and high-latitude shrub land. Increasing nitrogen deposition slightly amplified global ET via enhanced plant growth. Land-use-induced ET responses, albeit with substantial uncertainties across the factorial analysis, were minor globally, but pronounced locally, particularly over regions with intensive land-cover changes. Our study highlights the importance of employing multi-stream ET and ET-component estimates to quantify the strengthening anthropogenic fingerprint in the global hydrologic cycle. JF - Environmental Research Letters AU - Mao, Jiafu AU - Fu, Wenting AU - Shi, Xiaoying AU - Ricciuto, Daniel M AU - Fisher, Joshua B AU - Dickinson, Robert E AU - Wei, Yaxing AU - Shem, Willis AU - Piao, Shilong AU - Wang, Kaicun AD - Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA, maoj@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/09// PY - 2015 DA - September 2015 PB - IOP Publishing, The Public Ledger Building, Suite 929 Philadelphia PA 19106 United States VL - 10 IS - 9 SN - 1748-9326, 1748-9326 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Shrubs KW - Historical account KW - Climate models KW - Climate KW - Environmental impact KW - Anthropogenic factors KW - Environmental research KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Hydrologic cycle KW - Land use KW - Tropical forests KW - Nitrogen deposition KW - Forest canopy KW - Evapotranspiration trends KW - Plant growth KW - Canopies KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Nitrogen KW - M2 556:General (556) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776664232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Disentangling+climatic+and+anthropogenic+controls+on+global+terrestrial+evapotranspiration+trends&rft.au=Mao%2C+Jiafu%3BFu%2C+Wenting%3BShi%2C+Xiaoying%3BRicciuto%2C+Daniel+M%3BFisher%2C+Joshua+B%3BDickinson%2C+Robert+E%3BWei%2C+Yaxing%3BShem%2C+Willis%3BPiao%2C+Shilong%3BWang%2C+Kaicun&rft.aulast=Mao&rft.aufirst=Jiafu&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.issn=17489326&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F10%2F9%2F094008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tropical forests; Forest canopy; Nitrogen deposition; Climate models; Evapotranspiration trends; Evapotranspiration; Environmental research; Hydrologic cycle; Shrubs; Historical account; Climate; Anthropogenic factors; Environmental impact; Land use; Plant growth; Canopies; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/094008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ag out-surface diffusion in crystalline SiC with an effective SiO sub(2) diffusion barrier AN - 1765966329; PQ0002503674 AB - For applications of tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles in high temperature reactors, release of radioactive Ag isotope ( super(110m)Ag) through the SiC coating layer is a safety concern. To understand the diffusion mechanism, Ag ion implantations near the surface and in the bulk were performed by utilizing different ion energies and energy-degrader foils. High temperature annealing was carried out on the as-irradiated samples to study the possible out-surface diffusion. Before and after annealing, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements were employed to obtain the elemental profiles of the implanted samples. The results suggest little migration of buried Ag in the bulk, and an out-diffusion of the implanted Ag in the near-surface region of single crystal SiC. It is also found that a SiO sub(2) layer, which was formed during annealing, may serve as an effective barrier to reduce or prevent Ag out diffusion through the SiC coating layer. JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials AU - Xue, H AU - Xiao, H Y AU - Zhu, Z AU - Shutthanandan, V AU - Snead, L L AU - Boatner, L A AU - Weber, W J AU - Zhang, Y AD - Department of Materials Science Sr Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA, Zhangyl@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/09// PY - 2015 DA - September 2015 SP - 294 EP - 298 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 464 SN - 0022-3115, 0022-3115 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Isotopes KW - Fuels KW - Safety KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Particulates KW - Migration KW - Spectrometry KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Energy KW - High temperature KW - Radioactive materials KW - Diffusion KW - Coatings KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1765966329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.atitle=Ag+out-surface+diffusion+in+crystalline+SiC+with+an+effective+SiO+sub%282%29+diffusion+barrier&rft.au=Xue%2C+H%3BXiao%2C+H+Y%3BZhu%2C+Z%3BShutthanandan%2C+V%3BSnead%2C+L+L%3BBoatner%2C+L+A%3BWeber%2C+W+J%3BZhang%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Xue&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=464&rft.issue=&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.issn=00223115&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jnucmat.2015.05.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 31 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Isotopes; Fuels; Safety; Mass spectrometry; Particulates; Migration; Spectrometry; Nuclear reactors; High temperature; Energy; Radioactive materials; Diffusion; Coatings DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.05.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lignin Structural Alterations in Thermochemical Pretreatments with Limited Delignification AN - 1722180837; PQ0002073325 AB - Lignocellulosic biomass has a complex and rigid cell wall structure that makes biomass recalcitrant to biological and chemical degradation. Among the three major structural biopolymers (i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) in plant cell walls, lignin is considered the most recalcitrant component and generally plays a negative role in the biochemical conversion of biomass to biofuels. The conversion of biomass to biofuels through a biochemical platform usually requires a pretreatment stage to reduce the recalcitrance. Pretreatment renders compositional and structural changes of biomass with these changes ultimately governing the efficiency of the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Dilute acid, hot water, steam explosion, and ammonia fiber expansion pretreatments are among the leading thermochemical pretreatments with a limited delignification that can reduce biomass recalcitrance. Practical applications of these pretreatment are rapidly developing as illustrated by recent commercial scale cellulosic ethanol plants. While these thermochemical pretreatments generally lead to only a limited delignification and no significant change of lignin content in the pretreated biomass, the lignin transformations that occur during these pretreatments and the roles they play in recalcitrance reduction are important research aspects. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of lignin alterations during these limited delignification thermochemical pretreatments, with emphasis on lignin chemical structures, molecular weights, and redistributions in the pretreated biomass. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Pu, Yunqiao AU - Hu, Fan AU - Huang, Fang AU - Ragauskas, Arthur J AD - Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA, aragausk@utk.edu PY - 2015 SP - 992 EP - 1003 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Biochemistry KW - Ammonia KW - Cellulose KW - Biopolymers KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Explosions KW - Fibers KW - Reviews KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1722180837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=Lignin+Structural+Alterations+in+Thermochemical+Pretreatments+with+Limited+Delignification&rft.au=Pu%2C+Yunqiao%3BHu%2C+Fan%3BHuang%2C+Fang%3BRagauskas%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Pu&rft.aufirst=Yunqiao&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=992&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-015-9655-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 117 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibers; Fuel technology; Biochemistry; Ammonia; Reviews; Cellulose; Biopolymers; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Explosions; Biofuels; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9655-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of biotechnological advances on the future of US bioenergy AN - 1722179194; PQ0002017164 AB - Modern biotechnology has the potential to substantially advance the feasibility, structure, and efficiency of future biofuel supply chains. Advances might be direct or indirect. A direct advance would be improving the efficiency of biochemical conversion processes and feedstock production. Direct advances in processing may involve developing improved enzymes and bacteria to convert lignocellulosic feedstocks to ethanol. Progress in feedstock production could include enhancing crop yields via genetic modification or the selection of specific natural variants and breeds. Other direct results of biotechnology might increase the production of fungible biofuels and bioproducts, which would impact the supply chain. Indirect advances might include modifications to dedicated bioenergy crops that enable them to grow on marginal lands rather than land needed for food production. This study assesses the feasibility and advantages of near-future (10-year) biotechnological developments for a US biomass-based supply chain for bioenergy production. We assume a simplified supply chain of feedstock, logistics and land use, conversion, and products and utilization. The primary focus is how likely developments in feedstock production and conversion technologies will impact bioenergy and biofuels in the USA; a secondary focus is other innovative uses of biotechnologies in the energy arenas. The assessment addresses near-term biofuels based on starch, sugar, and cellulosic feedstocks and considers some longer-term options, such as oil-crop and algal technologies. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Davison, Brian H AU - Brandt, Craig C AU - Guss, Adam M AU - Kalluri, Udaya C AU - Palumbo, Antony V AU - Stouder, Richard L AU - Webb, Erin G AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences and Environmental Sciences Divisions, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. PY - 2015 SP - 454 EP - 467 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Fuel technology KW - Biochemistry KW - Food KW - Refining KW - Starch KW - Crops KW - Innovations KW - Ethanol KW - Algae KW - Sugar KW - Crop yield KW - Enzymes KW - Land use KW - USA KW - Energy KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Food production KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1722179194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+biotechnological+advances+on+the+future+of+US+bioenergy&rft.au=Davison%2C+Brian+H%3BBrandt%2C+Craig+C%3BGuss%2C+Adam+M%3BKalluri%2C+Udaya+C%3BPalumbo%2C+Antony+V%3BStouder%2C+Richard+L%3BWebb%2C+Erin+G&rft.aulast=Davison&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=454&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1549 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Food; Energy; Enzymes; Refining; Starch; Land use; Crops; Biofuels; Algae; Ethanol; Feasibility studies; Fuel technology; Biochemistry; Crop yield; Biotechnology; Innovations; Technology; Food production; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1549 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of Dilute Acid Pretreated Populus by Clostridium thermocellum, Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, and Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis AN - 1722176975; PQ0002073339 AB - Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), which merges enzyme production, biomass hydrolysis, and fermentation into a single step, has the potential to become an efficient and economic strategy for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks to transportation fuels or chemicals. In this study, we evaluated wild-type Clostridium thermocellum, Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, and Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis, three thermophilic, cellulolytic, mixed-acid fermenting candidate CBP microorganisms, for their fermentation capabilities using dilute acid pretreated Populus as a model biomass feedstock. Under pH-controlled anaerobic fermentation conditions, each candidate successfully digested a minimum of 75 % of the cellulose from dilute acid pretreated Populus, as indicated by an increase in planktonic cells and end-product metabolites and a concurrent decrease in glucan content. C. thermocellum, which employs a cellulosomal approach to biomass degradation, required approximately 50 h to achieve 75 % cellulose utilization. In contrast, the noncellulosomal, secreted hydrolytic enzyme system of the Caldicellulosiruptor sp. required about 100 h after a significant lag phase to achieve similar results. End-point fermentation conversions for C. thermocellum, C. bescii, and C. obsidiansis were determined to be 0.29, 0.34, and 0.38 g of total metabolites per gram of loaded glucan, respectively. These data provide a starting point for future strain engineering efforts that can serve to improve the biomass fermentation capabilities of these three promising candidate CBP platforms. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Yee, Kelsey L AU - Rodriguez, Miguel AU - Hamilton, Choo Y AU - Hamilton-Brehm, Scott D AU - Thompson, Olivia A AU - Elkins, James G AU - Davison, Brian H AU - Mielenz, Jonathan R AD - Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6341, USA, davisonbh@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/09// PY - 2015 DA - September 2015 SP - 1014 EP - 1021 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Lag phase KW - Biodegradation KW - Degradation KW - Populus KW - Fermentation KW - Fuels KW - Cellulose KW - Metabolites KW - planktonic cells KW - Transportation KW - bioconversion KW - Economics KW - Caldicellulosiruptor KW - glucans KW - Data processing KW - Cellulolytic microorganisms KW - Enzymes KW - Clostridium thermocellum KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Microorganisms KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - W 30940:Products KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1722176975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+Dilute+Acid+Pretreated+Populus+by+Clostridium+thermocellum%2C+Caldicellulosiruptor+bescii%2C+and+Caldicellulosiruptor+obsidiansis&rft.au=Yee%2C+Kelsey+L%3BRodriguez%2C+Miguel%3BHamilton%2C+Choo+Y%3BHamilton-Brehm%2C+Scott+D%3BThompson%2C+Olivia+A%3BElkins%2C+James+G%3BDavison%2C+Brian+H%3BMielenz%2C+Jonathan+R&rft.aulast=Yee&rft.aufirst=Kelsey&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1014&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-015-9659-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lag phase; Biodegradation; Data processing; Fermentation; Fuels; Cellulose; Cellulolytic microorganisms; Enzymes; Metabolites; Biomass; Hydrolysis; planktonic cells; Economics; bioconversion; glucans; Chemicals; Degradation; Transportation; Microorganisms; Biofuels; Populus; Caldicellulosiruptor; Clostridium thermocellum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9659-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing Sub-Daily Flow Regimes: Implications of Hydrologic Resolution on Ecohydrology Studies AN - 1722167793; PQ0002016932 AB - Natural variability in flow is a primary factor controlling geomorphic and ecological processes in riverine ecosystems. Within the hydropower industry, there is growing pressure from environmental groups and natural resource managers to change reservoir releases from daily peaking to run-of-river operations on the basis of the assumption that downstream biological communities will improve under a more natural flow regime. In this paper, we discuss the importance of assessing sub-daily flows for understanding the physical and ecological dynamics within river systems. We present a variety of metrics for characterizing sub-daily flow variation and use these metrics to evaluate general trends among streams affected by peaking hydroelectric projects, run-of-river projects and streams that are largely unaffected by flow altering activities. Univariate and multivariate techniques were used to assess similarity among different stream types on the basis of these sub-daily metrics. For comparison, similar analyses were performed using analogous metrics calculated with mean daily flow values. Our results confirm that sub-daily flow metrics reveal variation among and within streams that are not captured by daily flow statistics. Using sub-daily flow statistics, we were able to quantify the degree of difference between unaltered and peaking streams and the amount of similarity between unaltered and run-of-river streams. The sub-daily statistics were largely uncorrelated with daily statistics of similar scope. On short temporal scales, sub-daily statistics reveal the relatively constant nature of unaltered stream reaches and the highly variable nature of hydropower-affected streams, whereas daily statistics show just the opposite over longer temporal scales. JF - River Research and Applications AU - Bevelhimer AU - McManamay, R A AU - O'Connor, B AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2015/09// PY - 2015 DA - September 2015 SP - 867 EP - 879 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 1535-1459, 1535-1459 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Hydrological Regime KW - Reservoir KW - Variability KW - Statistics KW - Ecosystems KW - Climate change KW - Hydroelectric Plants KW - Freshwater KW - Streams KW - Natural Resources KW - Geomorphology KW - River Flow KW - Downstream KW - Pressure KW - Reservoirs KW - Rivers KW - Fluvial morphology KW - Hydroelectric power KW - River discharge KW - Reservoir Releases KW - Natural resources KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - Q2 09123:Conservation KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 0810:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1722167793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=River+Research+and+Applications&rft.atitle=Characterizing+Sub-Daily+Flow+Regimes%3A+Implications+of+Hydrologic+Resolution+on+Ecohydrology+Studies&rft.au=Bevelhimer%3BMcManamay%2C+R+A%3BO%27Connor%2C+B&rft.aulast=Bevelhimer&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=River+Research+and+Applications&rft.issn=15351459&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Frra.2781 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluvial morphology; Reservoir; Geomorphology; Natural resources; Climate change; River discharge; Streams; Rivers; Statistics; Pressure; Ecosystems; Hydroelectric power; Downstream; Reservoirs; Hydrological Regime; Variability; Natural Resources; Hydroelectric Plants; River Flow; Reservoir Releases; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2781 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elimination of formate production in Clostridium thermocellum AN - 1712770432; PQ0001941091 AB - The ability of Clostridium thermocellum to rapidly degrade cellulose and ferment resulting hydrolysis products into ethanol makes it a promising platform organism for cellulosic biofuel production via consolidated bioprocessing. Currently, however, ethanol yield is far below theoretical maximum due to branched product pathways that divert carbon and electrons towards formate, H sub(2), lactate, acetate, and secreted amino acids. To redirect carbon and electron flux away from formate, genes encoding pyruvate:formate lyase (pflB) and PFL-activating enzyme (pflA) were deleted. Formate production in the resulting Delta pfl strain was eliminated and acetate production decreased by 50 % on both complex and defined medium. The growth rate of the Delta pfl strain decreased by 2.9-fold on defined medium and biphasic growth was observed on complex medium. Supplementation of defined medium with 2 mM formate restored Delta pfl growth rate to 80 % of the parent strain. The role of pfl in metabolic engineering strategies and C sub(1) metabolism is discussed. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology AU - Rydzak, Thomas AU - Lynd, Lee R AU - Guss, Adam M AD - Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA, gussam@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/09// PY - 2015 DA - Sep 2015 SP - 1263 EP - 1272 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 42 IS - 9 SN - 1367-5435, 1367-5435 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Growth rate KW - Amino acids KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - metabolic engineering KW - Clostridium thermocellum KW - Acetic acid KW - Hydrolysis KW - Supplementation KW - Carbon KW - Lactic acid KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - A 01310:Products of Microorganisms KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1712770432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Elimination+of+formate+production+in+Clostridium+thermocellum&rft.au=Rydzak%2C+Thomas%3BLynd%2C+Lee+R%3BGuss%2C+Adam+M&rft.aulast=Rydzak&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+%26+Biotechnology&rft.issn=13675435&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10295-015-1644-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 44 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Amino acids; Carbon; Cellulose; Lactic acid; metabolic engineering; Enzymes; Hydrolysis; Acetic acid; Supplementation; Biofuels; Ethanol; Clostridium thermocellum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-015-1644-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rigidity of poly-L-glutamic acid scaffolds: Influence of secondary and supramolecular structure AN - 1705073131; PQ0001827599 AB - Poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) is a widely used biomaterial, with applications ranging from drug delivery and biological glues to food products and as a tissue engineering scaffold. A biodegradable material with flexible conjugation functional groups, tunable secondary structure, and mechanical properties, PGA has potential as a tunable matrix material in mechanobiology. Recent studies in proteins connecting dynamics, nanometer length scale rigidity, and secondary structure suggest a new point of view from which to analyze and develop this promising material. We have characterized the structure, topology, and rigidity properties of PGA prepared with different molecular weights and secondary structures through various techniques including scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, light, and neutron scattering spectroscopy. On the length scale of a few nanometers, rigidity is determined by hydrogen bonding interactions in the presence of neutral species and by electrostatic interactions when the polypeptide is negatively charged. When probed over hundreds of nanometers, the rigidity of these materials is modified by long range intermolecular interactions that are introduced by the supramolecular structure. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2909-2918, 2015. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A AU - Nickels, Jonathan D AU - Perticaroli, Stefania AU - Ehlers, Georg AU - Feygenson, Mikhail AU - Sokolov, Alexei P AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831. Y1 - 2015/09// PY - 2015 DA - Sep 2015 SP - 2909 EP - 2918 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 103 IS - 9 SN - 1549-3296, 1549-3296 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Drug delivery KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Food KW - Secondary structure KW - Electrostatic properties KW - Tissue engineering KW - Spectroscopy KW - Biodegradability KW - scaffolds KW - Protein structure KW - Neutron scattering KW - Hydrogen bonding KW - Molecular weight KW - Biomaterials KW - Adhesives KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1705073131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Rigidity+of+poly-L-glutamic+acid+scaffolds%3A+Influence+of+secondary+and+supramolecular+structure&rft.au=Nickels%2C+Jonathan+D%3BPerticaroli%2C+Stefania%3BEhlers%2C+Georg%3BFeygenson%2C+Mikhail%3BSokolov%2C+Alexei+P&rft.aulast=Nickels&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2909&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=15493296&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjbm.a.35427 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scanning electron microscopy; Drug delivery; Food; Secondary structure; Electrostatic properties; Spectroscopy; Tissue engineering; Biodegradability; scaffolds; Protein structure; Hydrogen bonding; Neutron scattering; Molecular weight; Biomaterials; Adhesives; Mechanical properties DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.35427 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluating the Effects of Diet and Trophic Structure on Mercury Accumulation in Fish Using a System Dynamics Modeling Approach T2 - 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society (AFS 2015) AN - 1731769313; 6359189 JF - 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society (AFS 2015) AU - Bevelhimer, Mark AU - Mathews, Teresa Y1 - 2015/08/16/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 16 KW - Diets KW - Trophic structure KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Mercury KW - Fish UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731769313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=145th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society+%28AFS+2015%29&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+Effects+of+Diet+and+Trophic+Structure+on+Mercury+Accumulation+in+Fish+Using+a+System+Dynamics+Modeling+Approach&rft.au=Bevelhimer%2C+Mark%3BMathews%2C+Teresa&rft.aulast=Bevelhimer&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2015-08-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=145th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society+%28AFS+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://afs.confex.com/afs/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of an Environmental Mitigation Database and Statistical Models for Predicting Likely FERC License Mitigation Requirements at Hydropower Projects T2 - 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society (AFS 2015) AN - 1731767778; 6359210 JF - 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society (AFS 2015) AU - DeRolph, Chris AU - Bevelhimer, Mark AU - Schramm, Michael Y1 - 2015/08/16/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 16 KW - Databases KW - Mitigation KW - Mathematical models KW - Hydroelectric power KW - Statistical analysis KW - Environment management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731767778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=145th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society+%28AFS+2015%29&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+Environmental+Mitigation+Database+and+Statistical+Models+for+Predicting+Likely+FERC+License+Mitigation+Requirements+at+Hydropower+Projects&rft.au=DeRolph%2C+Chris%3BBevelhimer%2C+Mark%3BSchramm%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=DeRolph&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.date=2015-08-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=145th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society+%28AFS+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://afs.confex.com/afs/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Validating Hydrologic Classifications Schemes for the Contiguous US Using Functional and Taxonomic Composition of Stream Fish Communities T2 - 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society (AFS 2015) AN - 1731765404; 6360285 JF - 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society (AFS 2015) AU - McManamay, Ryan AU - Troia, Matthew Y1 - 2015/08/16/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 16 KW - Classification KW - Stream KW - Taxonomy KW - Fish KW - Streams UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731765404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=145th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society+%28AFS+2015%29&rft.atitle=Validating+Hydrologic+Classifications+Schemes+for+the+Contiguous+US+Using+Functional+and+Taxonomic+Composition+of+Stream+Fish+Communities&rft.au=McManamay%2C+Ryan%3BTroia%2C+Matthew&rft.aulast=McManamay&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.date=2015-08-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=145th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society+%28AFS+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://afs.confex.com/afs/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relating Fish Health and Reproductive Metrics to Metal Bioaccumulation at the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Coal Ash Spill Site T2 - 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society (AFS 2015) AN - 1731761557; 6360164 JF - 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society (AFS 2015) AU - Pracheil, Brenda AU - Bevelhimer, Mark AU - Mathews, Teresa AU - Peterson, Mark AU - Greeley, Mark AU - Murphy, Cheryl AU - Fortner, Allison Y1 - 2015/08/16/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 16 KW - USA, Tennessee KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Heavy metals KW - Ash KW - Fish KW - Coal KW - Valleys UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731761557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=145th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society+%28AFS+2015%29&rft.atitle=Relating+Fish+Health+and+Reproductive+Metrics+to+Metal+Bioaccumulation+at+the+Tennessee+Valley+Authority+Kingston+Coal+Ash+Spill+Site&rft.au=Pracheil%2C+Brenda%3BBevelhimer%2C+Mark%3BMathews%2C+Teresa%3BPeterson%2C+Mark%3BGreeley%2C+Mark%3BMurphy%2C+Cheryl%3BFortner%2C+Allison&rft.aulast=Pracheil&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft.date=2015-08-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=145th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Fisheries+Society+%28AFS+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://afs.confex.com/afs/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In situ capping for size control of monochalcogenide (ZnS, CdS and SnS) nanocrystals produced by anaerobic metal-reducing bacteria AN - 1727670210; PQ0002040036 AB - Metal monochalcogenide quantum dot nanocrystals of ZnS, CdS and SnS were prepared by anaerobic, metal-reducing bacteria using in situ capping by oleic acid or oleylamine. The capping agent preferentially adsorbs on the surface of the nanocrystal, suppressing the growth process in the early stages, thus leading to production of nanocrystals with a diameter of less than 5 nm. JF - Nanotechnology AU - Jang, Gyoung Gug AU - Jacobs, Christopher B AU - Ivanov, Ilia N AU - Joshi, Pooran C AU - Meyer, Harry M, III AU - Kidder, Michelle AU - Armstrong, Beth L AU - Datskos, Panos G AU - Graham, David E AU - Moon, Ji-Won AD - Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, moonj@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/08/14/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 14 SP - 1 EP - 5 PB - IOP Publishing VL - 26 IS - 32 SN - 0957-4484, 0957-4484 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biosynthesis KW - nanocrystal KW - quantum dot KW - monochalcogenide KW - Bacteria KW - Metals KW - Crystals KW - Oleic acid KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1727670210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nanotechnology&rft.atitle=In+situ+capping+for+size+control+of+monochalcogenide+%28ZnS%2C+CdS+and+SnS%29+nanocrystals+produced+by+anaerobic+metal-reducing+bacteria&rft.au=Jang%2C+Gyoung+Gug%3BJacobs%2C+Christopher+B%3BIvanov%2C+Ilia+N%3BJoshi%2C+Pooran+C%3BMeyer%2C+Harry+M%2C+III%3BKidder%2C+Michelle%3BArmstrong%2C+Beth+L%3BDatskos%2C+Panos+G%3BGraham%2C+David+E%3BMoon%2C+Ji-Won&rft.aulast=Jang&rft.aufirst=Gyoung&rft.date=2015-08-14&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=32&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nanotechnology&rft.issn=09574484&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F0957-4484%2F26%2F32%2F325602 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Crystals; Oleic acid; Bacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/26/32/325602 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adhesion and Atomic Structures of Gold on Ceria Nanostructures: The Role of Surface Structure and Oxidation State of Ceria Supports. AN - 1703721651; 26222267 AB - We report an aberration-corrected electron microscopy analysis of the adhesion and atomic structures of gold nanoparticle catalysts supported on ceria nanocubes and nanorods. Under oxidative conditions, the as-prepared gold nanoparticles on the ceria nanocubes have extended atom layers at the metal-support interface. In contrast, regular gold nanoparticles and rafts are present on the ceria nanorod supports. Under the reducing conditions of water-gas shift reaction, the extended gold atom layers and rafts vanish. In addition, the gold particles on the nanocubes change in morphology and increase in size while those on the nanorods are almost unchanged. The size, morphology, and atomic interface structures of gold strongly depend on the surface structures of ceria supports ((100) surface versus (111) surface) and the reaction environment (reductive versus oxidative). These findings provide insights into the deactivation mechanisms and the shape-dependent catalysis of oxide supported metal catalysts. JF - Nano letters AU - Lin, Yuyuan AU - Wu, Zili AU - Wen, Jianguo AU - Ding, Kunlun AU - Yang, Xiaoyun AU - Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R AU - Marks, Laurence D AD - †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States. ; ‡Chemical Science Division and Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States. ; §Electron Microscopy Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States. ; ⊥Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States. ; ∥2112 Vincenzo Walkway, San Jose, California 95133, United States. Y1 - 2015/08/12/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 12 SP - 5375 EP - 5381 VL - 15 IS - 8 KW - Cerium KW - 30K4522N6T KW - ceric oxide KW - 619G5K328Y KW - Gold KW - 7440-57-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - aberration corrected STEM HAADF KW - catalysis KW - atomic structures KW - nanorods KW - adhesion KW - nanocube KW - ceria KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Nanotubes -- chemistry KW - Nanotubes -- ultrastructure KW - Catalysis KW - Nanostructures -- ultrastructure KW - Nanostructures -- chemistry KW - Cerium -- chemistry KW - Gold -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1703721651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nano+letters&rft.atitle=Adhesion+and+Atomic+Structures+of+Gold+on+Ceria+Nanostructures%3A+The+Role+of+Surface+Structure+and+Oxidation+State+of+Ceria+Supports.&rft.au=Lin%2C+Yuyuan%3BWu%2C+Zili%3BWen%2C+Jianguo%3BDing%2C+Kunlun%3BYang%2C+Xiaoyun%3BPoeppelmeier%2C+Kenneth+R%3BMarks%2C+Laurence+D&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Yuyuan&rft.date=2015-08-12&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=5375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nano+letters&rft.issn=1530-6992&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facs.nanolett.5b02694 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-06-27 N1 - Date created - 2015-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02694 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Explaining the sources of variation in CMIP5 models by fitting reduced complexity models to their simulation outputs T2 - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AN - 1731770810; 6363593 JF - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AU - Hoffman, Forrest AU - Smith, Matthew AU - Todd-Brown, Katherine AU - Luo, Yiqi AU - Wang, Yingping Y1 - 2015/08/09/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 09 KW - Simulation KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731770810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.atitle=Explaining+the+sources+of+variation+in+CMIP5+models+by+fitting+reduced+complexity+models+to+their+simulation+outputs&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+Forrest%3BSmith%2C+Matthew%3BTodd-Brown%2C+Katherine%3BLuo%2C+Yiqi%3BWang%2C+Yingping&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Forrest&rft.date=2015-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thirty-five years of ecological change after the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens T2 - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AN - 1731769902; 6363280 JF - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AU - Dale, Virginia AU - Crisafulli, Charles Y1 - 2015/08/09/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 09 KW - USA, Washington, Mount St. Helens KW - Eruptions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731769902?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.atitle=Thirty-five+years+of+ecological+change+after+the+1980+eruption+of+Mount+St.+Helens&rft.au=Dale%2C+Virginia%3BCrisafulli%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft.date=2015-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The role of the phosphorus cycle in tropical ecosystem responses to changes in atmospheric CO2 and climate T2 - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AN - 1731769197; 6362160 JF - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AU - Yang, Xiaojuan AU - Thornton, Peter AU - Ricciuto, Dan AU - Hoffman, Forrest AU - Norby, Richard Y1 - 2015/08/09/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 09 KW - Climatic changes KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Phosphorus cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731769197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+phosphorus+cycle+in+tropical+ecosystem+responses+to+changes+in+atmospheric+CO2+and+climate&rft.au=Yang%2C+Xiaojuan%3BThornton%2C+Peter%3BRicciuto%2C+Dan%3BHoffman%2C+Forrest%3BNorby%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Xiaojuan&rft.date=2015-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Foliar phosphorus concentration exerts stronger control of photosynthesis than does nitrogen across diverse woody species in Panama T2 - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AN - 1731769182; 6362462 JF - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AU - Norby, Richard Y1 - 2015/08/09/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 09 KW - Panama KW - Photosynthesis KW - Phosphorus KW - Nitrogen UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731769182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.atitle=Foliar+phosphorus+concentration+exerts+stronger+control+of+photosynthesis+than+does+nitrogen+across+diverse+woody+species+in+Panama&rft.au=Norby%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Norby&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2015-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Tradeoffs in incorporating microbial function into soil organic carbon decomposition models T2 - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AN - 1731767113; 6362349 JF - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AU - Mayes, Melanie AU - Jiang, Jiang AU - Wang, Gangsheng AU - Classen, Aimee AU - Schadt, Chris AU - Hawkes, Christine AU - Keitt, Tim Y1 - 2015/08/09/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 09 KW - Soil KW - Biodegradation KW - Organic carbon KW - Soils (organic) KW - Decomposition KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731767113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.atitle=Tradeoffs+in+incorporating+microbial+function+into+soil+organic+carbon+decomposition+models&rft.au=Mayes%2C+Melanie%3BJiang%2C+Jiang%3BWang%2C+Gangsheng%3BClassen%2C+Aimee%3BSchadt%2C+Chris%3BHawkes%2C+Christine%3BKeitt%2C+Tim&rft.aulast=Mayes&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft.date=2015-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A landscape design approach for assessing trade-offs and sustainability of woody biomass production from forests in the southeastern United States T2 - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AN - 1731766306; 6363310 JF - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AU - Kline, Keith AU - Dale, Virginia AU - Parish, Esther Y1 - 2015/08/09/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 09 KW - Resource management KW - Landscape KW - Forests KW - Biomass KW - USA, Southeast KW - Sustainability UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731766306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.atitle=A+landscape+design+approach+for+assessing+trade-offs+and+sustainability+of+woody+biomass+production+from+forests+in+the+southeastern+United+States&rft.au=Kline%2C+Keith%3BDale%2C+Virginia%3BParish%2C+Esther&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=2015-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Chronic and acute precipitation manipulations in eastern deciduous forests: Build wide, measure deep and be patient T2 - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AN - 1731765647; 6362948 JF - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AU - Hanson, Paul Y1 - 2015/08/09/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 09 KW - Deciduous forests KW - Precipitation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731765647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.atitle=Chronic+and+acute+precipitation+manipulations+in+eastern+deciduous+forests%3A+Build+wide%2C+measure+deep+and+be+patient&rft.au=Hanson%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2015-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Tropical carbon cycle implications of multiple competing representations of Vcmax T2 - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AN - 1731765198; 6362192 JF - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AU - Walker, Anthony AU - Quaife, Tristan AU - van Bodegom, Peter AU - Beckerman, Andrew AU - Yang, Xiaojuan AU - Norby, Richard Y1 - 2015/08/09/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 09 KW - Energy flow KW - Carbon cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731765198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.atitle=Tropical+carbon+cycle+implications+of+multiple+competing+representations+of+Vcmax&rft.au=Walker%2C+Anthony%3BQuaife%2C+Tristan%3Bvan+Bodegom%2C+Peter%3BBeckerman%2C+Andrew%3BYang%2C+Xiaojuan%3BNorby%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2015-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization with flexible soil and microbial C:N ratios T2 - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AN - 1731765117; 6362353 JF - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AU - Wang, Gangsheng AU - Thornton, Peter AU - Mayes, Melanie AU - Hoffman, Forrest Y1 - 2015/08/09/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 09 KW - Soil KW - Carbon KW - Mineralization KW - Nitrogen UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731765117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.atitle=Soil+carbon+and+nitrogen+mineralization+with+flexible+soil+and+microbial+C%3AN+ratios&rft.au=Wang%2C+Gangsheng%3BThornton%2C+Peter%3BMayes%2C+Melanie%3BHoffman%2C+Forrest&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Gangsheng&rft.date=2015-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Fine roots in models: The answer to life, the universe, and everything T2 - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AN - 1731764309; 6361455 JF - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AU - Iversen, Colleen AU - McCormack, M AU - Warren, Jeffrey AU - Trumbo, Jennifer AU - Powell, A AU - Wullschleger, Stan Y1 - 2015/08/09/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 09 KW - Roots KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731764309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.atitle=Fine+roots+in+models%3A+The+answer+to+life%2C+the+universe%2C+and+everything&rft.au=Iversen%2C+Colleen%3BMcCormack%2C+M%3BWarren%2C+Jeffrey%3BTrumbo%2C+Jennifer%3BPowell%2C+A%3BWullschleger%2C+Stan&rft.aulast=Iversen&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft.date=2015-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Meeting the challenges of delivering site specific weather data/drivers: The Daymet example T2 - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AN - 1731762809; 6362846 JF - 100th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA 2015) AU - Thornton, Michele AU - Wei, Yaxing AU - Devarakonda, Ranjeet AU - Cook, Robert AU - Vannan, Suresh AU - Thornton, Peter Y1 - 2015/08/09/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 09 KW - Weather KW - Data processing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1731762809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.atitle=Meeting+the+challenges+of+delivering+site+specific+weather+data%2Fdrivers%3A+The+Daymet+example&rft.au=Thornton%2C+Michele%3BWei%2C+Yaxing%3BDevarakonda%2C+Ranjeet%3BCook%2C+Robert%3BVannan%2C+Suresh%3BThornton%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft.date=2015-08-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=100th+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America+%28ESA+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://eco.confex.com/eco/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-06 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Near-term Climate Predictions and Their Impacts on the Physiology of Temperate Crops T2 - 2015 Annual Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS 2014) AN - 1704508231; 6354123 JF - 2015 Annual Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS 2014) AU - King, Anthony AU - Absar, Syeda AU - Nair, Sujithkumar AU - Preston, Benjamin Y1 - 2015/08/04/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 04 KW - Climate prediction KW - Physiology KW - Crops UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1704508231?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2015+Annual+Conference+of+the+American+Society+for+Horticultural+Science+%28ASHS+2014%29&rft.atitle=Near-term+Climate+Predictions+and+Their+Impacts+on+the+Physiology+of+Temperate+Crops&rft.au=King%2C+Anthony%3BAbsar%2C+Syeda%3BNair%2C+Sujithkumar%3BPreston%2C+Benjamin&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2015-08-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2015+Annual+Conference+of+the+American+Society+for+Horticultural+Science+%28ASHS+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2015/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-07-31 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volume averaging study of the capacitive deionization process in homogeneous porous media AN - 1780804403; 2016-033960 AB - Ion storage in porous electrodes is important in applications such as energy storage by supercapacitors, water purification by capacitive deionization, extraction of energy from a salinity difference and heavy ion purification. A model is presented to simulate the charge process in homogeneous porous media comprising big pores. It is based on a theory for capacitive charging by ideally polarizable porous electrodes without faradaic reactions or specific adsorption of ions. A volume averaging technique is used to derive the averaged transport equations in the limit of thin electrical double layers. Transport between the electrolyte solution and the charged wall is described using the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model. The effective transport parameters for isotropic porous media are calculated solving the corresponding closure problems. The source terms that appear in the average equations are calculated using numerical computations. An alternative way to deal with the source terms is proposed. Copyright 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht JF - Transport in Porous Media AU - Gabitto, Jorge AU - Tsouris, Costas Y1 - 2015/08// PY - 2015 DA - August 2015 SP - 61 EP - 80 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 109 IS - 1 SN - 0169-3913, 0169-3913 KW - isotropic materials KW - solutions KW - engineering properties KW - fluid flow KW - deionization KW - porous materials KW - electrolytes KW - equations KW - adsorption KW - salinity KW - simulation KW - ions KW - reservoir rocks KW - models KW - transport KW - volume KW - homogeneous materials KW - storage KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1780804403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.atitle=Volume+averaging+study+of+the+capacitive+deionization+process+in+homogeneous+porous+media&rft.au=Gabitto%2C+Jorge%3BTsouris%2C+Costas&rft.aulast=Gabitto&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transport+in+Porous+Media&rft.issn=01693913&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11242-015-0502-0 L2 - http://springerlink.metapress.com/(l4tqdq55jga2hgb0achos1qm)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100342,1 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - SuppNotes - Based on Publisher-supplied data N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - adsorption; deionization; electrolytes; engineering properties; equations; fluid flow; homogeneous materials; ions; isotropic materials; models; porous materials; reservoir rocks; salinity; simulation; solutions; storage; transport; volume DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-015-0502-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological objectives can be achieved with wood-derived bioenergy AN - 1780499239; PQ0002871194 JF - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment AU - Dale, Virginia H AU - Kline, Keith L AU - Marland, Gregg AU - Miner, Reid A AD - Center for BioEnergy Sustainability, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, dalevh@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/08// PY - 2015 DA - August 2015 SP - 297 EP - 299 PB - Ecological Society of America, 1707 H Street, N.W., Suite 400 Washington DC 20006 United States VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 1540-9295, 1540-9295 KW - Ecology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1780499239?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.atitle=Ecological+objectives+can+be+achieved+with+wood-derived+bioenergy&rft.au=Dale%2C+Virginia+H%3BKline%2C+Keith+L%3BMarland%2C+Gregg%3BMiner%2C+Reid+A&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+the+Environment&rft.issn=15409295&rft_id=info:doi/10.1890%2F15.WB.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15.WB.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of the cellulase activity distribution in Clostridium thermocellum and Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis cultures using a fluorescent substrate AN - 1762354909; PQ0002503460 AB - This study took advantage of resorufin cellobioside as a fluorescent substrate to determine the distribution of cellulase activity in cellulosic biomass fermentation systems. Cellulolytic biofilms were found to express nearly four orders greater cellulase activity compared to planktonic cultures of Clostridium thermocellum and Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis, which can be primarily attributed to the high cell concentration and surface attachment. The formation of biofilms results in cellulases being secreted close to their substrates, which appears to be an energetically favorable stategy for insoluble substrate utilization. For the same reason, cellulases should be closely associated with the surfaces of suspended cell in soluble substrate-fed culture, which has been verified with cellobiose-fed cultures of C. thermocellum and C. obsidiansis. This study addressed the importance of cellulase activity distribution in cellulosic biomass fermentation, and provided theoretical foundation for the leading role of biofilm in cellulose degradation. System optimization and reactor designs that promote biofilm formation in cellulosic biomass hydrolysis may promise an improved cellulosic biofuel process. JF - Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) AU - Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer L AU - Elkins, James G AU - Wang, Zhi-Wu AD - BioEnergy Science Center, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, wzw@vt.edu Y1 - 2015/08/01/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 01 SP - 212 EP - 218 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 34 SN - 1001-0742, 1001-0742 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Environment Abstracts KW - Thermophilic KW - Biofilm KW - Cellulose KW - Cellulase KW - Biofuel KW - Fuel technology KW - Cell surface KW - Degradation KW - Fermentation KW - Cell culture KW - resorufin KW - Bioreactors KW - Caldicellulosiruptor KW - Biofilms KW - Enzymes KW - Clostridium thermocellum KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - Q1 08625:Non-edible products KW - J 02320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1762354909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Sciences+%28China%29&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+cellulase+activity+distribution+in+Clostridium+thermocellum+and+Caldicellulosiruptor+obsidiansis+cultures+using+a+fluorescent+substrate&rft.au=Morrell-Falvey%2C+Jennifer+L%3BElkins%2C+James+G%3BWang%2C+Zhi-Wu&rft.aulast=Morrell-Falvey&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Sciences+%28China%29&rft.issn=10010742&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jes.2015.03.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; Cellulose; Enzymes; Biofilms; Hydrolysis; Cell surface; resorufin; Bioreactors; Cell culture; Biomass; Biofuels; Cellulase; Fuel technology; Degradation; Caldicellulosiruptor; Clostridium thermocellum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.03.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of maturation on multiscale (nanometer to millimeter) porosity in the Eagle Ford Shale AN - 1756505759; 2016-006914 AB - Porosity and permeability are key variables that link the thermal-hydrologic, geomechanical, and geochemical behavior in rock systems and are thus important input parameters for transport models. Neutron scattering studies indicate that the scales of pore sizes in rocks extend over many orders of magnitude from nanometer-sized pores with huge amounts of total surface area to large open fracture systems (multiscale porosity). However, despite considerable efforts combining conventional petrophysics, neutron scattering, and electron microscopy, the quantitative nature of this porosity in tight gas shales, especially at smaller scales and over larger rock volumes, remains largely unknown. Nor is it well understood how pore networks are affected by regional variation in rock composition and properties, thermal changes across the oil window (maturity), and, most critically, hydraulic fracturing. To improve this understanding, we have used a combination of small- and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (U)SANS with scanning electron microscope (SEM)/backscattered electron imaging to analyze the pore structure of clay- and carbonate-rich samples of the Eagle Ford Shale. This formation is hydrocarbon rich, straddles the oil window, and is one of the most actively drilled oil and gas targets in the United States. Several important trends in the Eagle Ford rock pore structure have been identified using our approach. The (U)SANS results reflected the connected (effective) and unconnected porosity, as well as the volume occupied by organic material. The latter could be separated using total organic carbon data and, at all maturities, constituted a significant fraction of the apparent porosity. At lower maturities, the pore structure was strongly anisotropic. However, this decreased with increasing maturity, eventually disappearing entirely for carbonate-rich samples. In clay- and carbonate-rich samples, a significant reduction in total porosity occurred at (U)SANS scales, much of it during initial increases in maturity. This apparently contradicted SEM observations that showed increases in intraorganic porosity with increasing maturity. Organic-rich shales are, however, a very complex material from the point of view of scattering studies, and a more detailed analysis is needed to better understand these observations. JF - Interpretation (Tulsa) AU - Anovitz, Lawrence Michael AU - Cole, David Robert AU - Sheets, Julia Meyer AU - Swift, Alexander AU - Elston, Harold William AU - Welch, Susan AU - Chipera, Steve James AU - Littrell, Kenneth Charles AU - Mildner, David Francis Raymond AU - Wasbrough, Matthew John AU - O'Brien, John AU - Beeney, Ken AU - Beserra, Troy AU - Kendrick, Mike AU - Marshall, Marc AU - Sparkman, Gene AU - Ray, R Randy Y1 - 2015/08// PY - 2015 DA - August 2015 SP - SU59 EP - SU70 PB - Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 2324-8858, 2324-8858 KW - United States KW - maturity KW - shale gas KW - Cretaceous KW - natural gas KW - petroleum KW - Upper Cretaceous KW - observations KW - mineral composition KW - transport KW - autocorrelation KW - heterogeneity KW - fractals KW - statistical analysis KW - electron microscopy data KW - equations KW - Eagle Ford Formation KW - porosity KW - Mesozoic KW - models KW - organic compounds KW - Gulfian KW - SEM data KW - permeability KW - anisotropy KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1756505759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interpretation+%28Tulsa%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+maturation+on+multiscale+%28nanometer+to+millimeter%29+porosity+in+the+Eagle+Ford+Shale&rft.au=Anovitz%2C+Lawrence+Michael%3BCole%2C+David+Robert%3BSheets%2C+Julia+Meyer%3BSwift%2C+Alexander%3BElston%2C+Harold+William%3BWelch%2C+Susan%3BChipera%2C+Steve+James%3BLittrell%2C+Kenneth+Charles%3BMildner%2C+David+Francis+Raymond%3BWasbrough%2C+Matthew+John%3BO%27Brien%2C+John%3BBeeney%2C+Ken%3BBeserra%2C+Troy%3BKendrick%2C+Mike%3BMarshall%2C+Marc%3BSparkman%2C+Gene%3BRay%2C+R+Randy&rft.aulast=Anovitz&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=SU59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Interpretation+%28Tulsa%29&rft.issn=23248858&rft_id=info:doi/10.1190%2FINT-2014-0280.1 L2 - http://library.seg.org/journal/inteio LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from GeoScienceWorld, Alexandria, VA, United States | Reference includes data supplied by Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, OK, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 46 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Online First N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - anisotropy; autocorrelation; Cretaceous; Eagle Ford Formation; electron microscopy data; equations; fractals; Gulfian; heterogeneity; maturity; Mesozoic; mineral composition; models; natural gas; observations; organic compounds; permeability; petroleum; porosity; SEM data; shale gas; statistical analysis; transport; United States; Upper Cretaceous DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/INT-2014-0280.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Profiling of adrenocorticotropic hormone and arginine vasopressin in human pituitary gland and tumor thin tissue sections using droplet-based liquid-microjunction surface-sampling-HPLC-ESI-MS-MS AN - 1746882234; PQ0001939412 AB - Described here are the results from the profiling of the proteins arginine vasopressin (AVP) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from normal human pituitary gland and pituitary adenoma tissue sections, using a fully automated droplet-based liquid-microjunction surface-sampling-HPLC-ESI-MS-MS system for spatially resolved sampling, HPLC separation, and mass spectrometric detection. Excellent correlation was found between the protein distribution data obtained with this method and data obtained with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) chemical imaging analyses of serial sections of the same tissue. The protein distributions correlated with the visible anatomic pattern of the pituitary gland. AVP was most abundant in the posterior pituitary gland region (neurohypophysis), and ATCH was dominant in the anterior pituitary gland region (adenohypophysis). The relative amounts of AVP and ACTH sampled from a series of ACTH-secreting and non-secreting pituitary adenomas correlated with histopathological evaluation. ACTH was readily detected at significantly higher levels in regions of ACTH-secreting adenomas and in normal anterior adenohypophysis compared with non-secreting adenoma and neurohypophysis. AVP was mostly detected in normal neurohypophysis, as expected. This work reveals that a fully automated droplet-based liquid-microjunction surface-sampling system coupled to HPLC-ESI-MS-MS can be readily used for spatially resolved sampling, separation, detection, and semi-quantitation of physiologically-relevant peptide and protein hormones, including AVP and ACTH, directly from human tissue. In addition, the relative simplicity, rapidity, and specificity of this method support the potential of this basic technology, with further advancement, for assisting surgical decision-making. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] JF - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry AU - Kertesz, Vilmos AU - Calligaris, David AU - Feldman, Daniel R AU - Changelian, Armen AU - Laws, Edward R AU - Santagata, Sandro AU - Agar, Nathalie YR AU - Berkel, Gary J AD - Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA, kerteszv@ornl.gov PY - 2015 SP - 5989 EP - 5998 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Berlin/Heidelberg Germany VL - 407 IS - 20 SN - 1618-2642, 1618-2642 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Desorption KW - Automation KW - Distribution Patterns KW - Evaluation KW - Proteins KW - Liquid Chromatography KW - Lasers KW - Sampling KW - Ionization KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1746882234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+and+Bioanalytical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Profiling+of+adrenocorticotropic+hormone+and+arginine+vasopressin+in+human+pituitary+gland+and+tumor+thin+tissue+sections+using+droplet-based+liquid-microjunction+surface-sampling-HPLC-ESI-MS-MS&rft.au=Kertesz%2C+Vilmos%3BCalligaris%2C+David%3BFeldman%2C+Daniel+R%3BChangelian%2C+Armen%3BLaws%2C+Edward+R%3BSantagata%2C+Sandro%3BAgar%2C+Nathalie+YR%3BBerkel%2C+Gary+J&rft.aulast=Kertesz&rft.aufirst=Vilmos&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=407&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=5989&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+and+Bioanalytical+Chemistry&rft.issn=16182642&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00216-015-8803-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Evaluation; Distribution Patterns; Desorption; Liquid Chromatography; Automation; Proteins; Lasers; Sampling; Ionization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8803-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the accuracy of stratospheric aerosol extinction derived from in situ size distribution measurements and surface area density derived from remote SAGE II and HALOE extinction measurements AN - 1722169545; PQ0002019103 AB - In situ stratospheric aerosol measurements, from University of Wyoming optical particle counters (OPCs), are compared with Stratospheric Aerosol Gas Experiment (SAGE) II (versions 6.2 and 7.0) and Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) satellite measurements to investigate differences between SAGE II/HALOE-measured extinction and derived surface area and OPC-derived extinction and surface area. Coincident OPC and SAGE II measurements are compared for a volcanic (1991-1996) and nonvolcanic (1997-2005) period. OPC calculated extinctions agree with SAGE II measurements, within instrumental uncertainty, during the volcanic period, but have been a factor of 2 low during the nonvolcanic period. Three systematic errors associated with the OPC measurements, anisokineticity, inlet particle evaporation, and counting efficiency, were investigated. An overestimation of the OPC counting efficiency is found to be the major source of systematic error. With this correction OPC calculated extinction increases by 15-30% (30-50%) for the volcanic (nonvolcanic) measurements. These changes significantly improve the comparison with SAGE II and HALOE extinctions in the nonvolcanic cases but slightly degrade the agreement in the volcanic period. These corrections have impacts on OPC-derived surface area density, exacerbating the poor agreement between OPC and SAGE II (version 6.2) surface areas. This disparity is reconciled with SAGE II version 7.0 surface areas. For both the volcanic and nonvolcanic cases these changes in OPC counting efficiency and in the operational SAGE II surface area algorithm leave the derived surface areas from both platforms in significantly better agreement and within the plus or minus 40% precision of the OPC moment calculations. Key Points * In situ OPC stratospheric aerosol measurements corrected for a calibration error * Corrected OPC and SAGE II stratospheric aerosol extinctions are in agreement * In nonvolcanic periods, OPC and SAGE II surface areas are in agreement JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres AU - Kovilakam, Mahesh AU - Deshler, Terry AD - Now at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2015/08// PY - 2015 DA - August 2015 SP - 8426 EP - 8447 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United States VL - 120 IS - 16 SN - 2169-897X, 2169-897X KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Particle counters KW - Stratospheric aerosol measurements KW - Evaporation KW - Area KW - Algorithms KW - Calibrations KW - Volcanic activity KW - Coastal inlets KW - Inlets (waterways) KW - Aerosols KW - USA, Wyoming KW - Mathematical models KW - Extinction KW - Inlets KW - Halogens KW - Density KW - Leaves KW - Systematics KW - Stratospheric aerosols KW - Size distribution KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - SW 0810:General KW - M2 556.13:Evaporation/Evapotranspiration (556.13) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1722169545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%3A+Atmospheres&rft.atitle=On+the+accuracy+of+stratospheric+aerosol+extinction+derived+from+in+situ+size+distribution+measurements+and+surface+area+density+derived+from+remote+SAGE+II+and+HALOE+extinction+measurements&rft.au=Kovilakam%2C+Mahesh%3BDeshler%2C+Terry&rft.aulast=Kovilakam&rft.aufirst=Mahesh&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=8426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%3A+Atmospheres&rft.issn=2169897X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2015JD023303 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerosols; Mathematical models; Particle counters; Halogens; Area; Coastal inlets; Size distribution; Inlets (waterways); Stratospheric aerosols; Stratospheric aerosol measurements; Extinction; Evaporation; Volcanic activity; Algorithms; Calibrations; Inlets; Density; Leaves; Systematics; USA, Wyoming DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023303 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A roadmap for research on crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to enhance sustainable food and bioenergy production in a hotter, drier world AN - 1709167810; PQ0001724688 AB - Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialized mode of photosynthesis that features nocturnal CO sub(2) uptake, facilitates increased water-use efficiency (WUE), and enables CAM plants to inhabit water-limited environments such as semi-arid deserts or seasonally dry forests. Human population growth and global climate change now present challenges for agricultural production systems to increase food, feed, forage, fiber, and fuel production. One approach to meet these challenges is to increase reliance on CAM crops, such as Agave and Opuntia, for biomass production on semi-arid, abandoned, marginal, or degraded agricultural lands. Major research efforts are now underway to assess the productivity of CAM crop species and to harness the WUE of CAM by engineering this pathway into existing food, feed, and bioenergy crops. An improved understanding of CAM has potential for high returns on research investment. To exploit the potential of CAM crops and CAM bioengineering, it will be necessary to elucidate the evolution, genomic features, and regulatory mechanisms of CAM. Field trials and predictive models will be required to assess the productivity of CAM crops, while new synthetic biology approaches need to be developed for CAM engineering. Infrastructure will be needed for CAM model systems, field trials, mutant collections, and data management. JF - New Phytologist AU - Yang, Xiaohan AU - Cushman, John C AU - Borland, Anne M AU - Edwards, Erika J AU - Wullschleger, Stan D AU - Tuskan, Gerald A AU - Owen, Nick A AU - Griffiths, Howard AU - Smith, JAndrew C AU - De Paoli, Henrique C AU - Weston, David J AU - Cottingham, Robert AU - Hartwell, James AU - Davis, Sarah C AU - Silvera, Katia AU - Ming, Ray AU - Schlauch, Karen AU - Abraham, Paul AU - Stewart, JRyan AU - Guo, Hao-Bo AU - Albion, Rebecca AU - Ha, Jungmin AU - Lim, Sung Don AU - Wone, Bernard WM AU - Yim, Won Cheol AU - Garcia, Travis AU - Mayer, Jesse A AU - Petereit, Juli AU - Nair, Sujithkumar S AU - Casey, Erin AU - Hettich, Robert L AU - Ceusters, Johan AU - Ranjan, Priya AU - Palla, Kaitlin J AU - Yin, Hengfu AU - Reyes-Garcia, Casandra AU - Andrade, Jose Luis AU - Freschi, Luciano AU - Beltran, Juan D AU - Dever, Louisa V AU - Boxall, Susanna F AU - Waller, Jade AU - Davies, Jack AU - Bupphada, Phaitun AU - Kadu, Nirja AU - Winter, Klaus AU - Sage, Rowan F AU - Aguilar, Cristobal N AU - Schmutz, Jeremy AU - Jenkins, Jerry AU - et. al. AD - Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA. Y1 - 2015/08// PY - 2015 DA - August 2015 SP - 491 EP - 504 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 207 IS - 3 SN - 0028-646X, 0028-646X KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Photosynthesis KW - Fuels KW - Population growth KW - Food KW - Climatic changes KW - Agave KW - Dry forests KW - Biomass KW - Crops KW - Opuntia KW - Models KW - Fibers KW - Agricultural land KW - Deserts KW - genomics KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Evolution KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1709167810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Phytologist&rft.atitle=A+roadmap+for+research+on+crassulacean+acid+metabolism+%28CAM%29+to+enhance+sustainable+food+and+bioenergy+production+in+a+hotter%2C+drier+world&rft.au=Yang%2C+Xiaohan%3BCushman%2C+John+C%3BBorland%2C+Anne+M%3BEdwards%2C+Erika+J%3BWullschleger%2C+Stan+D%3BTuskan%2C+Gerald+A%3BOwen%2C+Nick+A%3BGriffiths%2C+Howard%3BSmith%2C+JAndrew+C%3BDe+Paoli%2C+Henrique+C%3BWeston%2C+David+J%3BCottingham%2C+Robert%3BHartwell%2C+James%3BDavis%2C+Sarah+C%3BSilvera%2C+Katia%3BMing%2C+Ray%3BSchlauch%2C+Karen%3BAbraham%2C+Paul%3BStewart%2C+JRyan%3BGuo%2C+Hao-Bo%3BAlbion%2C+Rebecca%3BHa%2C+Jungmin%3BLim%2C+Sung+Don%3BWone%2C+Bernard+WM%3BYim%2C+Won+Cheol%3BGarcia%2C+Travis%3BMayer%2C+Jesse+A%3BPetereit%2C+Juli%3BNair%2C+Sujithkumar+S%3BCasey%2C+Erin%3BHettich%2C+Robert+L%3BCeusters%2C+Johan%3BRanjan%2C+Priya%3BPalla%2C+Kaitlin+J%3BYin%2C+Hengfu%3BReyes-Garcia%2C+Casandra%3BAndrade%2C+Jose+Luis%3BFreschi%2C+Luciano%3BBeltran%2C+Juan+D%3BDever%2C+Louisa+V%3BBoxall%2C+Susanna+F%3BWaller%2C+Jade%3BDavies%2C+Jack%3BBupphada%2C+Phaitun%3BKadu%2C+Nirja%3BWinter%2C+Klaus%3BSage%2C+Rowan+F%3BAguilar%2C+Cristobal+N%3BSchmutz%2C+Jeremy%3BJenkins%2C+Jerry%3Bet.+al.&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Xiaohan&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=New+Phytologist&rft.issn=0028646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fnph.13393 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Photosynthesis; Food; Population growth; Fuels; Climatic changes; Biomass; Dry forests; Crops; Models; Fibers; Agricultural land; Deserts; genomics; Carbon dioxide; Evolution; Agave; Opuntia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.13393 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insights into the effect of dilute acid, hot water or alkaline pretreatment on the cellulose accessible surface area and the overall porosity of Populus AN - 1705060876; PQ0001843349 AB - Pretreatment is known to make biomass more reactive to cellulase by altering the chemical compositions as well as physical structures of biomass. Simons' staining technique along with mercury porosimetry was applied on the acid, neutral, and alkaline pretreated materials to measure the accessible surface area of cellulose and pore size distribution of Populus. The results indicated that acid pretreatment is much more effective than water and alkaline pretreatment in terms of cellulose accessibility increase. Further investigation suggests that lignin does not dictate cellulose accessibility to the extent that hemicellulose does, but it does restrict xylan accessibility which in turn controls the access of cellulase to cellulose. The most interesting finding is that severe acid pretreatment significantly decreases the average pore size, i.e.90% average size decrease could be observed after 60 min dilute acid pretreatment at 160 degree C; however, the nano-pore space formed between the coated microfibrils increased after pretreatment, especially with the acid pretreatment, suggesting that this particular type of biomass porosity is probably the most fundamental barrier to effective enzymatic hydrolysis. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Meng, Xianzhi AU - Wells, Tyrone Jr AU - Sun, Qining AU - Huang, Fang AU - Ragauskas, Arthur AD - Bioenergy Science Center; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta; Georgia 30332; USA; , aragausk@utk.edu Y1 - 2015/08// PY - 2015 DA - August 2015 SP - 4239 EP - 4246 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 17 IS - 8 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Chemical composition KW - Populus KW - Surface area KW - Cellulose KW - Porosity KW - Green development KW - Mercury KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1705060876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Insights+into+the+effect+of+dilute+acid%2C+hot+water+or+alkaline+pretreatment+on+the+cellulose+accessible+surface+area+and+the+overall+porosity+of+Populus&rft.au=Meng%2C+Xianzhi%3BWells%2C+Tyrone+Jr%3BSun%2C+Qining%3BHuang%2C+Fang%3BRagauskas%2C+Arthur&rft.aulast=Meng&rft.aufirst=Xianzhi&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5gc00689a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemical composition; Surface area; Green development; Porosity; Cellulose; Mercury; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Populus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc00689a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molybdenum Availability Is Key to Nitrate Removal in Contaminated Groundwater Environments. AN - 1695174203; 25979890 AB - The concentrations of molybdenum (Mo) and 25 other metals were measured in groundwater samples from 80 wells on the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) (Oak Ridge, TN), many of which are contaminated with nitrate, as well as uranium and various other metals. The concentrations of nitrate and uranium were in the ranges of 0.1 μM to 230 mM and <0.2 nM to 580 μM, respectively. Almost all metals examined had significantly greater median concentrations in a subset of wells that were highly contaminated with uranium (≥126 nM). They included cadmium, manganese, and cobalt, which were 1,300- to 2,700-fold higher. A notable exception, however, was Mo, which had a lower median concentration in the uranium-contaminated wells. This is significant, because Mo is essential in the dissimilatory nitrate reduction branch of the global nitrogen cycle. It is required at the catalytic site of nitrate reductase, the enzyme that reduces nitrate to nitrite. Moreover, more than 85% of the groundwater samples contained less than 10 nM Mo, whereas concentrations of 10 to 100 nM Mo were required for efficient growth by nitrate reduction for two Pseudomonas strains isolated from ORR wells and by a model denitrifier, Pseudomonas stutzeri RCH2. Higher concentrations of Mo tended to inhibit the growth of these strains due to the accumulation of toxic concentrations of nitrite, and this effect was exacerbated at high nitrate concentrations. The relevance of these results to a Mo-based nitrate removal strategy and the potential community-driving role that Mo plays in contaminated environments are discussed. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Thorgersen, Michael P AU - Lancaster, W Andrew AU - Vaccaro, Brian J AU - Poole, Farris L AU - Rocha, Andrea M AU - Mehlhorn, Tonia AU - Pettenato, Angelica AU - Ray, Jayashree AU - Waters, R Jordan AU - Melnyk, Ryan A AU - Chakraborty, Romy AU - Hazen, Terry C AU - Deutschbauer, Adam M AU - Arkin, Adam P AU - Adams, Michael W W AD - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA. ; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA adams@bmb.uga.edu. Y1 - 2015/08// PY - 2015 DA - August 2015 SP - 4976 EP - 4983 VL - 81 IS - 15 KW - Coenzymes KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Molybdenum KW - 81AH48963U KW - Nitrate Reductase KW - EC 1.7.99.4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nitrate Reductase -- metabolism KW - Tennessee KW - Coenzymes -- metabolism KW - Pseudomonas stutzeri -- metabolism KW - Groundwater -- chemistry KW - Pseudomonas stutzeri -- growth & development KW - Denitrification KW - Nitrates -- metabolism KW - Molybdenum -- metabolism KW - Groundwater -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1695174203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Molybdenum+Availability+Is+Key+to+Nitrate+Removal+in+Contaminated+Groundwater+Environments.&rft.au=Thorgersen%2C+Michael+P%3BLancaster%2C+W+Andrew%3BVaccaro%2C+Brian+J%3BPoole%2C+Farris+L%3BRocha%2C+Andrea+M%3BMehlhorn%2C+Tonia%3BPettenato%2C+Angelica%3BRay%2C+Jayashree%3BWaters%2C+R+Jordan%3BMelnyk%2C+Ryan+A%3BChakraborty%2C+Romy%3BHazen%2C+Terry+C%3BDeutschbauer%2C+Adam+M%3BArkin%2C+Adam+P%3BAdams%2C+Michael+W+W&rft.aulast=Thorgersen&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=4976&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=1098-5336&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.00917-15 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-03-29 N1 - Date created - 2015-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Jul;55(7):1670-6 [2764573] Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1997 Dec;61(4):533-616 [9409151] Ground Water. 2005 Mar-Apr;43(2):169-77 [15819938] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Mar;73(5):1420-4 [17209072] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Mar;74(5):1620-33 [18192411] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Mar;1125:215-29 [18096847] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Jun;74(12):3718-29 [18456853] Environ Sci Technol. 2009 May 15;43(10):3529-34 [19544850] Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Jan 1;44(1):177-83 [19938814] Nature. 2010 Aug 5;466(7307):779-82 [20639861] Sci Total Environ. 2010 Oct 15;408(22):5362-71 [20813395] Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Oct 1;44(19):7491-7 [20822129] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Apr;78(7):2082-91 [22267668] J Bacteriol. 2012 Aug;194(16):4461-2 [22843592] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Jan;79(1):63-73 [23064329] Mol Syst Biol. 2013;9:660 [23591776] MBio. 2015;6(3):e00326-15 [25968645] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 May;68(5):2300-6 [11976101] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003 Mar 28;220(2):261-9 [12670690] Br Med Bull. 2003;68:167-82 [14757716] J Biol Inorg Chem. 2004 Oct;9(7):791-9 [15311335] J Bacteriol. 1975 Jun;122(3):1230-8 [1097396] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Arch Microbiol. 1980 Jun;126(2):155-9 [7192082] Br J Nutr. 1989 May;61(3):741-8 [2758022] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00917-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nanopillar Based Enhanced-Fluorescence Detection of Surface-Immobilized Beryllium. AN - 1694960752; 26041094 AB - The unique properties associated with beryllium metal ensures the continued use in many industries despite the documented health and environmental risks. While engineered safeguards and personal protective equipment can reduce risks associated with working with the metal, it has been mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) that the workplace air and surfaces must be monitored for toxic levels. While many methods have been developed to monitor levels down to the low μg/m(3), the complexity and expense of these methods have driven the investigation into alternate methodologies. Herein, we use a combination of the previously developed fluorescence Be(II) ion detection reagent, 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline (HBQ), with an optical field enhanced silicon nanopillar array, creating a new surface immobilized (si-HBQ) platform. The si-HBQ platform allows the positive control of the reagent for demonstrated reusability and a pillar diameter based tunable enhancement. Furthermore, native silicon nanopillars are overcoated with thin layers of porous silicon oxide to develop an analytical platform capable of a 0.0006 μg/L limit of detection (LOD) using sub-μL sample volumes. Additionally, we demonstrate a method to multiplex the introduction of the sample to the platform, with minimal 5.2% relative standard deviation (RSD) at 0.1 μg/L, to accommodate the potentially large number of samples needed to maintain industrial compliance. The minimal sample and reagent volumes and lack of complex and highly specific instrumentation, as well as positive control and reusability of traditionally consumable reagents, create a platform that is accessible and economically advantageous. JF - Analytical chemistry AU - Charlton, Jennifer J AU - Jones, Natalie C AU - Wallace, Ryan A AU - Smithwick, Robert W AU - Bradshaw, James A AU - Kravchenko, Ivan I AU - Lavrik, Nickolay V AU - Sepaniak, Michael J AD - †The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Department of Chemistry, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States. ; ‡Y-12 National Security Complex, Analytical Chemistry Organization, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States. ; §The Center for Nanophase Material Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States. Y1 - 2015/07/07/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jul 07 SP - 6814 EP - 6821 VL - 87 IS - 13 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1694960752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Nanopillar+Based+Enhanced-Fluorescence+Detection+of+Surface-Immobilized+Beryllium.&rft.au=Charlton%2C+Jennifer+J%3BJones%2C+Natalie+C%3BWallace%2C+Ryan+A%3BSmithwick%2C+Robert+W%3BBradshaw%2C+James+A%3BKravchenko%2C+Ivan+I%3BLavrik%2C+Nickolay+V%3BSepaniak%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Charlton&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2015-07-07&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=6814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=1520-6882&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facs.analchem.5b01035 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2015-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2015-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01035 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extreme weather events and interconnected infrastructures: toward more comprehensive climate change planning AN - 1734297357; 4717057 JF - Environment AU - Wilbanks, Thomas J AU - Fernandez, Steven J AU - Allen, Melissa R AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory ; University of Tennessee Y1 - 2015/07// PY - 2015 DA - Jul 2015 SP - 4 EP - 15 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0013-9157, 0013-9157 KW - Political Science KW - Planning theory KW - Weather KW - Environmental change KW - Climate change KW - Climate KW - Environmental policy KW - Sustainability UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1734297357?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment&rft.atitle=Extreme+weather+events+and+interconnected+infrastructures%3A+toward+more+comprehensive+climate+change+planning&rft.au=Wilbanks%2C+Thomas+J%3BFernandez%2C+Steven+J%3BAllen%2C+Melissa+R&rft.aulast=Wilbanks&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environment&rft.issn=00139157&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F00139157.2015.1048134 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-18 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 13505 2381 8560 9511 4309; 2381 8560 9511 4309; 2382 2381 8560 9511 4309 4313; 9563; 4313 4309; 4336 5574 10472; 12434 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2015.1048134 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Small-scale characterisation of irradiated nuclear materials: Part I - Microstructure AN - 1732840306; PQ0002249609 AB - The behaviour of nanometre-scale precipitates in oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic alloys and tungsten-rhenium alloys for nuclear applications has been examined by atom probe tomography (APT). Low Re content tungsten alloys showed no evidence of Re clustering following self-ion irradiation whereas the 25 at.% Re resulted in cluster formation. The size and composition of clusters varied depending on the material form during irradiation (pre-sharpened needle or bulk). These results high-light the care that must be taken in interpreting data from ion irradiated pre-sharpened needles due to the presence of free surfaces. Self-ion irradiation of the ODS ferritic alloy resulted in a change in the composition of the clusters, indicating a transition from a near-stoichiometric Y sub(2)Ti sub(2)O sub(7) composition towards a Ti sub(2)YO sub(5). JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials AU - Edmondson, P D AU - London, A AU - Xu, A AU - Armstrong, D EJ AU - Roberts, S G AD - Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK, edmondsonpd@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/07// PY - 2015 DA - July 2015 SP - 369 EP - 373 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 462 SN - 0022-3115, 0022-3115 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Needles KW - Irradiation KW - Radioactive materials KW - Alloys KW - Tungsten KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732840306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.atitle=Small-scale+characterisation+of+irradiated+nuclear+materials%3A+Part+I+-+Microstructure&rft.au=Edmondson%2C+P+D%3BLondon%2C+A%3BXu%2C+A%3BArmstrong%2C+D+EJ%3BRoberts%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Edmondson&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=462&rft.issue=&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.issn=00223115&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jnucmat.2014.11.067 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Needles; Irradiation; Radioactive materials; Alloys; Tungsten DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.067 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of advantages of high-efficiency X-ray spectrum imaging for analysis of nanostructured ferritic alloys AN - 1732840250; PQ0002249617 AB - Nanostructured ferritic alloys (NFAs) exhibit complex microstructures consisting of 100-500 nm ferrite grains, grain boundary solute enrichment, and multiple populations of precipitates and nanodusters (NCs). Understanding these materials' excellent creep and radiation-tolerance properties requires a combination of multiple atomic-scale experimental techniques. Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) hardware and data analysis methods have the potential to revolutionize nanometer-to micrometer-scale materials analysis. Modern high-brightness, high-X-ray collection STEM instruments are capable of enabling advanced experiments, such as simultaneous energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy spectrum imaging at nm to sub-nm resolution, that are now well-established for the study of nuclear materials. In this paper, we review past results and present new results illustrating the effectiveness of latest-generation STEM instrumentation and data analysis. JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials AU - Parish, Chad M AU - Miller, Michael K AD - Microscopy Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37931, USA, parishcm@ornl.gov PY - 2015 SP - 433 EP - 442 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 462 SN - 0022-3115, 0022-3115 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Creep KW - Reviews KW - Radioactive materials KW - Microscopy KW - X-ray spectroscopy KW - Alloys KW - Nuclear energy KW - Grains KW - Spectroscopy KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732840250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.atitle=A+review+of+advantages+of+high-efficiency+X-ray+spectrum+imaging+for+analysis+of+nanostructured+ferritic+alloys&rft.au=Parish%2C+Chad+M%3BMiller%2C+Michael+K&rft.aulast=Parish&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=462&rft.issue=&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.issn=00223115&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jnucmat.2014.11.134 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 61 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Creep; Reviews; Microscopy; Radioactive materials; X-ray spectroscopy; Alloys; Nuclear energy; Spectroscopy; Grains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.134 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High dose neutron irradiation of Hi-Nicalon Type S silicon carbide composites, Part 1: Microstructural evaluations AN - 1732839271; PQ0002249619 AB - Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the development of silicon carbide (SiC) composites, composed of near-stoichiometric SiC fibers embedded in a crystalline SiC matrix, to the point that such materials can now be considered nuclear grade. Recent neutron irradiation studies of Hi-Nicalon Type S SiC composites showed excellent radiation response at damage levels of 30-40 dpa at temperatures of 300-800 [degrees]C. However, more recent studies of these same fiber composites irradiated to damage levels of >70 dpa at similar temperatures showed a marked decrease in ultimate flexural strength, particularly at 300 [degrees]C. Here, electron microscopy is used to analyze the microstructural evolution of these irradiated composites in order to investigate the cause of the degradation. While minimal changes were observed in Hi-Nicalon Type S SiC composites irradiated at 800 [degrees]C, substantial microstructural evolution is observed in those irradiated at 300 [degrees]C. Specifically, carbonaceous particles in the fibers grew by 25% compared to the virgin case, and severe cracking occurred at interphase layers. JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials AU - Perez-Bergquist, Alejandro G AU - Nozawa, Takashi AU - Shih, Chunghao AU - Leonard, Keith J AU - Snead, Lance L AU - Katoh, Yutai AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA, perezbergqagffoml.gov PY - 2015 SP - 443 EP - 449 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 462 SN - 0022-3115, 0022-3115 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Fibers KW - Silicon KW - Radiation KW - Degradation KW - Irradiation KW - Microscopy KW - Radioactive materials KW - Temperature KW - Particulates KW - ENA 14:Radiological Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732839271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.atitle=High+dose+neutron+irradiation+of+Hi-Nicalon+Type+S+silicon+carbide+composites%2C+Part+1%3A+Microstructural+evaluations&rft.au=Perez-Bergquist%2C+Alejandro+G%3BNozawa%2C+Takashi%3BShih%2C+Chunghao%3BLeonard%2C+Keith+J%3BSnead%2C+Lance+L%3BKatoh%2C+Yutai&rft.aulast=Perez-Bergquist&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=462&rft.issue=&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.issn=00223115&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jnucmat.2014.06.038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibers; Silicon; Degradation; Radiation; Irradiation; Radioactive materials; Microscopy; Temperature; Particulates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.06.038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and quantification of solute clusters in a nanostructured ferritic alloy AN - 1732839088; PQ0002249616 AB - A series of simulated atom probe datasets were examined with a friends-of-friends method to establish the detection efficiency required to resolve solute clusters in the ferrite phase of a 14YWT nanostructured ferritic alloy. The size and number densities of solute clusters in the ferrite of the as-milled mechanically-alloyed condition and the stir zone of a friction stir weld were estimated with a prototype high-detection-efficiency (~80%) local electrode atom probe. High number densities, 1.8 x 10 super(24) m super(-3) and 1.2 x 10 super(24) m super(-3), respectively of solute clusters containing between 2 and 9 solute atoms of Ti, Y and O and were detected for these two conditions. These results support first principle calculations that predicted that vacancies stabilize these Ti-Y-O- clusters, which retard diffusion and contribute to the excellent high temperature stability of the microstructure and radiation tolerance of nanostructured ferritic alloys. JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials AU - Miller, M K AU - Reinhard, D AU - Larson, D J AD - Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6139, USA, millermk@ornl.gov PY - 2015 SP - 428 EP - 432 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 462 SN - 0022-3115, 0022-3115 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Radiation KW - Prototypes KW - High temperature KW - Electrodes KW - Radioactive materials KW - Alloys KW - Welding KW - Diffusion KW - ENA 14:Radiological Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732839088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.atitle=Detection+and+quantification+of+solute+clusters+in+a+nanostructured+ferritic+alloy&rft.au=Miller%2C+M+K%3BReinhard%2C+D%3BLarson%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=462&rft.issue=&rft.spage=428&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.issn=00223115&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jnucmat.2014.12.107 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Radiation; Prototypes; High temperature; Radioactive materials; Electrodes; Welding; Alloys; Diffusion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.107 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Controlling diffusion for a self-healing radiation tolerant nanostructured ferritic alloy AN - 1732838979; PQ0002249615 AB - Diffusion plays a major role in the stability of microstructures to extreme conditions of high temperature and high doses of irradiation. In nanostructured ferritic alloys, first principle calculations indicate that the binding energy of vacancies is reduced by the presence of oxygen, titanium and yttrium atoms. Therefore, the number of free vacancies available for diffusion can be greatly reduced. The mechanical properties of these alloys, compared to traditional wrought alloys of similar composition and grain structure, is distinctly different, and the ultrafine grained alloy is distinguished by a high number density of Ti-Y-O-enriched nanoclusters and solute clusters, which drives the mechanical response. When a displacement cascade interacts with a nanocluster, the solute atoms are locally dispersed into the matrix by ballistic collisions, but immediately a new nanocluster reforms due to the local supersaturation of solutes and vacancies until the excess vacancies are consumed. The result of these processes is a structural material for advanced energy systems with a microstructure that is self-healing and tolerant to high doses of radiation and high temperatures. JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials AU - Miller, M K AU - Parish, C M AU - Bei, H AD - Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, millermk@ornl.gov PY - 2015 SP - 422 EP - 427 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 462 SN - 0022-3115, 0022-3115 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Oxygen KW - Titanium KW - Radiation KW - Energy KW - High temperature KW - Irradiation KW - Radioactive materials KW - Yttrium KW - Alloys KW - Diffusion KW - Grains KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732838979?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.atitle=Controlling+diffusion+for+a+self-healing+radiation+tolerant+nanostructured+ferritic+alloy&rft.au=Miller%2C+M+K%3BParish%2C+C+M%3BBei%2C+H&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=462&rft.issue=&rft.spage=422&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.issn=00223115&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jnucmat.2014.12.048 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxygen; Titanium; Radiation; Irradiation; High temperature; Energy; Radioactive materials; Yttrium; Alloys; Diffusion; Grains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.048 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A framework for selecting indicators of bioenergy sustainability AN - 1718957315; PQ0001761196 AB - A framework for selecting and evaluating indicators of bioenergy sustainability is presented. This framework is designed to facilitate decision-making about which indicators are useful for assessing sustainability of bioenergy systems and supporting their deployment. Efforts to develop sustainability indicators in the United States and Europe are reviewed. The first steps of the framework for indicator selection are defining the sustainability goals and other goals for a bioenergy project or program, gaining an understanding of the context, and identifying the values of stakeholders. From the goals, context, and stakeholders, the objectives for analysis and criteria for indicator selection can be developed. The user of the framework identifies and ranks indicators, applies them in an assessment, and then evaluates their effectiveness, while identifying gaps that prevent goals from being met, assessing lessons learned, and moving toward best practices. The framework approach emphasizes that the selection of appropriate criteria and indicators is driven by the specific purpose of an analysis. Realistic goals and measures of bioenergy sustainability can be developed systematically with the help of the framework presented here. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Dale, Virginia H AU - Efroymson, Rebecca A AU - Kline, Keith L AU - Davitt, Marcia S AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Y1 - 2015/07// PY - 2015 DA - Jul 2015 SP - 435 EP - 446 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Decision making KW - Best practice KW - Assessments KW - Renewable energy KW - Indicators KW - Refining KW - Criteria KW - Sustainability UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1718957315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=A+framework+for+selecting+indicators+of+bioenergy+sustainability&rft.au=Dale%2C+Virginia+H%3BEfroymson%2C+Rebecca+A%3BKline%2C+Keith+L%3BDavitt%2C+Marcia+S&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1562 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-07 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1562 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A microbial functional group-based module for simulating methane production and consumption: Application to an incubated permafrost soil AN - 1709168742; PQ0001901661 AB - Accurately estimating methane (CH sub(4)) flux in terrestrial ecosystems is critically important for investigating and predicting biogeochemistry-climate feedbacks. Improved simulations of CH sub(4) flux require explicit representations of the microbial processes that account for CH sub(4) dynamics. A microbial functional group-based module was developed, building on the decomposition subroutine of the Community Land Model 4.5. This module considers four key mechanisms for CH sub(4) production and consumption: methanogenesis from acetate or from single-carbon compounds and CH sub(4) oxidation using molecular oxygen or other inorganic electron acceptors. Four microbial functional groups perform these processes: acetoclastic methanogens, hydrogenotrophic methanogens, aerobic methanotrophs, and anaerobic methanotrophs. This module was used to simulate dynamics of carbon dioxide (CO sub(2)) and CH sub(4) concentrations from an incubation experiment with permafrost soils. The results show that the model captures the dynamics of CO sub(2) and CH sub(4) concentrations in microcosms with top soils, mineral layer soils, and permafrost soils under natural and saturated moisture conditions and three temperature conditions of -2 degree C, 3 degree C, and 5 degree C (R super(2)>0.67; P<0.001). The biases for modeled results are less than 30% across the soil samples and moisture and temperature conditions. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the importance of acetic acid's direct contribution as substrate and indirect effects through pH feedback on CO sub(2) and CH sub(4) production and consumption. This study suggests that representing the microbial mechanisms is critical for modeling CH sub(4) production and consumption; it is urgent to incorporate microbial mechanisms into Earth system models for better predicting trace gas dynamics and the behavior of the climate system. Key Points * We developed a microbial function group-based methane model * Model is capable to simulate gas dynamic in microcosm experiment * Moisture and temperature have significant effects on microbial mechanisms JF - Journal of Geophysical Research. G. Biogeosciences AU - Xu, Xiaofeng AU - Elias, Dwayne A AU - Graham, David E AU - Phelps, Tommy J AU - Carroll, Sue L AU - Wullschleger, Stan D AU - Thornton, Peter E AD - Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2015/07// PY - 2015 DA - July 2015 SP - 1315 EP - 1333 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United States VL - 120 IS - 7 SN - 2169-8953, 2169-8953 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Soil temperature KW - Permafrost KW - Anaerobic microorganisms KW - Decomposition KW - Methanogenesis KW - Models KW - Sensitivity Analysis KW - Soil KW - Soils KW - Feedback KW - Microcosms KW - pH effects KW - Modelling KW - Abiotic factors KW - Temperature effects KW - Methane KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Temperature KW - Simulation KW - Methanogenic bacteria KW - Acetic acid KW - Oxygen KW - Methanotrophic bacteria KW - Terrestrial ecosystems KW - Oxidation KW - Microorganisms KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Fluctuations KW - Minerals KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - Q2 09262:Methods and instruments KW - SW 0810:General KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1709168742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+G.+Biogeosciences&rft.atitle=A+microbial+functional+group-based+module+for+simulating+methane+production+and+consumption%3A+Application+to+an+incubated+permafrost+soil&rft.au=Xu%2C+Xiaofeng%3BElias%2C+Dwayne+A%3BGraham%2C+David+E%3BPhelps%2C+Tommy+J%3BCarroll%2C+Sue+L%3BWullschleger%2C+Stan+D%3BThornton%2C+Peter+E&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Xiaofeng&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research.+G.+Biogeosciences&rft.issn=21698953&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2015JG002935 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Methane; Soils; Simulation; Permafrost; Carbon dioxide; pH effects; Abiotic factors; Modelling; Climate; Soil temperature; Anaerobic microorganisms; Methanogenic bacteria; Decomposition; Acetic acid; Methanogenesis; Models; Soil; Oxygen; Methanotrophic bacteria; Terrestrial ecosystems; Oxidation; Feedback; Microcosms; Minerals; Sensitivity Analysis; Climates; Temperature; Microorganisms; Fluctuations; Carbon Dioxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015JG002935 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Forecasting changes in water quality in rivers associated with growing biofuels in the Arkansas-White-Red river drainage, USA AN - 1701476842; PQ0001680657 AB - Excess nutrients from agriculture in the Mississippi River drainage, USA have degraded water quality in freshwaters and contributed to anoxic conditions in downstream estuaries. Consequently, water quality is a significant concern associated with conversion of lands to bioenergy production. This study focused on the Arkansas-White-Red river basin (AWR), one of five major river basins draining to the Mississippi River. The AWR has a strong precipitation gradient from east to west, and advanced cellulosic feedstocks are projected to become economically feasible within normal-to-wet areas of the region. In this study, we used large-scale watershed modeling to identify areas along this precipitation gradient with potential for improving water quality. We compared simulated water quality in rivers draining projected future landscapes with and without cellulosic bioenergy for two future years, 2022 and 2030 with an assumed farmgate price of $50 per dry ton. Changes in simulated water quantity and quality under future bioenergy scenarios varied among subbasins and years. Median water yield, nutrient loadings, and sediment yield decreased by 2030. Median concentrations of nutrients also decreased, but suspended sediment, which is influenced by decreased flow and in-stream processes, increased. Spatially, decreased loadings prevailed in the transitional ecotone between 97 degree and 100 degree longitude, where switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., is projected to compete against alternative crops and land uses at $50 per dry ton. We conclude that this region contains areas that hold promise for sustainable bioenergy production in terms of both economic feasibility and water quality protection. JF - GCB Bioenergy AU - Jager, Henriette I AU - Baskaran, Latha M AU - Schweizer, Peter E AU - Turhollow, Anthony F AU - Brandt, Craig C AU - Srinivasan, Raghavan AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6036, USA. Y1 - 2015/07// PY - 2015 DA - July 2015 SP - 774 EP - 784 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1757-1693, 1757-1693 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - River Basins KW - Resource management KW - Water Supply KW - Nutrients KW - Water quality KW - Watersheds KW - Crops KW - Resuspended sediments KW - Sediment yield KW - Economics KW - Topography KW - Rivers KW - Panicum virgatum KW - Freshwater environments KW - Estuaries KW - Landscape KW - Water Quality KW - River basins KW - Land use KW - Model Studies KW - North America, Mississippi R. KW - Longitude KW - Biofuels KW - Agriculture KW - Prediction KW - Nutrient loading KW - Economic feasibility KW - Downstream KW - Drainage KW - Precipitation KW - Ecotones KW - Sediments KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - AQ 00006:Sewage KW - SW 0810:General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - M2 551.468:Coastal Oceanography (551.468) KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1701476842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GCB+Bioenergy&rft.atitle=Forecasting+changes+in+water+quality+in+rivers+associated+with+growing+biofuels+in+the+Arkansas-White-Red+river+drainage%2C+USA&rft.au=Jager%2C+Henriette+I%3BBaskaran%2C+Latha+M%3BSchweizer%2C+Peter+E%3BTurhollow%2C+Anthony+F%3BBrandt%2C+Craig+C%3BSrinivasan%2C+Raghavan&rft.aulast=Jager&rft.aufirst=Henriette&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=774&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=GCB+Bioenergy&rft.issn=17571693&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fgcbb.12169 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resuspended sediments; Prediction; Rivers; Economic feasibility; Resource management; River basins; Watersheds; Water quality; Land use; Agriculture; Freshwater environments; Drainage; Landscape; Estuaries; Nutrient loading; Nutrients; Precipitation; Ecotones; Sediments; Crops; Economics; Biofuels; Sediment yield; Topography; Feasibility studies; Downstream; Longitude; River Basins; Water Supply; Water Quality; Model Studies; Panicum virgatum; North America, Mississippi R. DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12169 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multi-model and multi-index evaluation of drought characteristics in the 21st century AN - 1696877673; 2015-067900 AB - Drought is a natural hazard that can have severe and long-lasting impacts on natural and human systems. Although increases in global greenhouse forcing are expected to change the characteristics and impacts of drought in the 21st century, there remains persistent uncertainty about how changes in temperature, precipitation and soil moisture will interact to shape the magnitude - and in some cases direction - of drought in different areas of the globe. Using data from 15 global climate models archived in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), we assess the likelihood of changes in the spatial extent, duration and number of occurrences of four drought indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the Supply-Demand Drought Index (SDDI). We compare these characteristics in two future periods (2010-2054 and 2055-2099) of the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5). We find increases from the baseline period (1961-2005) in the spatial extent, duration and occurrence of "exceptional" drought in subtropical and tropical regions, with many regions showing an increase in both the occurrence and duration. There is strong agreement on the sign of these changes among the individual climate models, although some regions do exhibit substantial uncertainty in the magnitude of change. The changes in SPEI and SDDI characteristics are stronger than the changes in SPI and SRI due to the greater influence of temperature changes in the SPEI and SDDI indices. In particular, we see a robust permanent emergence of the spatial extent of SDDI from the baseline variability in West, East and Saharan Africa as early as 2020 and by 2080 in several other subtropical and tropical regions. The increasing likelihood of exceptional drought identified in our results suggests increasing risk of drought-related stresses for natural and human systems should greenhouse gas concentrations continue along their current trajectory. Abstract Copyright (2015) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Touma, Danielle AU - Ashfaq, Moetasim AU - Nayak, Munir A AU - Kao, Shih-Chieh AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S Y1 - 2015/07// PY - 2015 DA - July 2015 SP - 196 EP - 207 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 526 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - rainfall KW - CMIP5 model KW - standardized precipitation index KW - climate change KW - drought KW - models KW - standardized runoff index KW - sensitivity analysis KW - standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index KW - mathematical methods KW - Africa KW - Sahara KW - meteorology KW - uncertainty KW - supply-demand drought index KW - climate KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1696877673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=A+multi-model+and+multi-index+evaluation+of+drought+characteristics+in+the+21st+century&rft.au=Touma%2C+Danielle%3BAshfaq%2C+Moetasim%3BNayak%2C+Munir+A%3BKao%2C+Shih-Chieh%3BDiffenbaugh%2C+Noah+S&rft.aulast=Touma&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=526&rft.issue=&rft.spage=196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2014.12.011 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-19 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Africa; climate; climate change; CMIP5 model; drought; mathematical methods; meteorology; models; rainfall; Sahara; sensitivity analysis; standardized precipitation index; standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index; standardized runoff index; supply-demand drought index; uncertainty DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.12.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic interplay between uranyl phosphate precipitation, sorption, and phase evolution AN - 1696873339; 2015-069898 AB - Natural examples demonstrate uranyl-phosphate minerals can maintain extremely low levels of aqueous uranium in groundwaters due to their low solubility. Therefore, greater understanding of the geochemical factors leading to uranyl phosphate precipitation may lead to successful application of phosphate-based remediation methods. However, the solubility of uranyl phosphate phases varies over >3 orders of magnitude, with the most soluble phases typically observed in lab experiments. To understand the role of common soil/sediment mineral surfaces in the nucleation and transformation of uranyl phosphate minerals under environmentally relevant conditions, batch experiments were carried out with goethite and mica at pH 6 in mixed electrolyte solutions ranging from 1-800 mu M U and 1-800 mu M P. All experiments ended with uranium concentrations below the USEPA MCL for U, but with 2-3 orders of magnitude difference in uranium concentrations. Despite the presence of many cations that are well known to incorporate into less soluble autunite-group minerals, chernikovite rapidly precipitated in all experiments containing U and P, except for solutions with 1 mu M U and 1 mu M P that were calculated to be undersaturated. Textures of uranyl phosphates observed by AFM and TEM indicate that nucleation was homogenous and independent of the initial mineral content. Comparison of time-course U and P concentrations from the experiments with thermodynamic modeling of solution equilibria demonstrated that aqueous uranium concentrations in the experimental systems evolved as increasingly sparingly soluble uranyl phosphate phases nucleated over time, with sorption accelerating the transition between phases by influencing solution chemistry. Aqueous uranium concentrations consistent with partially dehydrated (meta-) autunite were achieved only in experiments containing goethite and/or mica. These dynamic nucleation-growth-sorption-nucleation-growth-sorption cycles occur over the time scales of weeks, not hours or days at room temperature. Lab experiments and field-based investigations of uranium phosphate should consider these or longer time scales for the greatest long-term relevance. Abstract Copyright (2015) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Applied Geochemistry AU - Munasinghe, P Sumudu AU - Elwood Madden, Megan E AU - Brooks, Scott C AU - Elwood Madden, Andrew S Y1 - 2015/07// PY - 2015 DA - July 2015 SP - 147 EP - 160 PB - Elsevier, Oxford-New York-Beijing VL - 58 SN - 0883-2927, 0883-2927 KW - sorption KW - goethite KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - government agencies KW - aqueous solutions KW - simulation KW - remediation KW - ground water KW - electron probe data KW - environmental management KW - atomic force microscopy data KW - water-rock interaction KW - phase equilibria KW - oxides KW - thermodynamic properties KW - heterogeneity KW - water pollution KW - pH KW - experimental studies KW - pollutants KW - uranyl ion KW - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency KW - pollution KW - standardization KW - electron microscopy data KW - phosphates KW - TEM data KW - models KW - precipitation KW - metals KW - uranium KW - crystal chemistry KW - actinides KW - SEM data KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1696873339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.atitle=Dynamic+interplay+between+uranyl+phosphate+precipitation%2C+sorption%2C+and+phase+evolution&rft.au=Munasinghe%2C+P+Sumudu%3BElwood+Madden%2C+Megan+E%3BBrooks%2C+Scott+C%3BElwood+Madden%2C+Andrew+S&rft.aulast=Munasinghe&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Geochemistry&rft.issn=08832927&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apgeochem.2015.04.008 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08832927 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 63 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2015-07-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - actinides; aqueous solutions; atomic force microscopy data; crystal chemistry; electron microscopy data; electron probe data; environmental management; experimental studies; goethite; government agencies; ground water; heterogeneity; metals; models; oxides; pH; phase equilibria; phosphates; pollutants; pollution; precipitation; remediation; SEM data; simulation; sorption; standardization; TEM data; thermodynamic properties; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; uranium; uranyl ion; water pollution; water-rock interaction; X-ray diffraction data DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of an activation-tagged mutant uncovers a role of GLABRA2 in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. AN - 1694962380; 26017690 AB - In Arabidopsis, anthocyanin biosynthesis is controlled by a MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional activator complex. The MBW complex activates the transcription of late biosynthesis genes in the flavonoid pathway, leading to the production of anthocyanins. A similar MBW complex regulates epidermal cell fate by activating the transcription of GLABRA2 (GL2), a homeodomain transcription factor required for trichome formation in shoots and non-hair cell formation in roots. Here we provide experimental evidence to show that GL2 also plays a role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. From an activation-tagged mutagenized population of Arabidopsis plants, we isolated a dominant, gain-of-function mutant with reduced anthocyanins. Molecular cloning revealed that this phenotype is caused by an elevated expression of GL2, thus the mutant was named gl2-1D. Consistent with the view that GL2 acts as a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, gl2-1D seedlings accumulated less whereas gl2-3 seedlings accumulated more anthocyanins in response to sucrose. Gene expression analysis indicated that expression of late, but not early, biosynthesis genes in the flavonoid pathway was dramatically reduced in gl2-1D but elevated in gl2-3 mutants. Further analysis showed that expression of some MBW component genes involved in the regulation of late biosynthesis genes was reduced in gl2-1D but elevated in gl2-3 mutants, and chromatin immunoprecipitation results indicated that some MBW component genes are targets of GL2. We also showed that GL2 functions as a transcriptional repressor. Taken together, these results indicate that GL2 negatively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis by directly repressing the expression of some MBW component genes. JF - The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology AU - Wang, Xiaoyu AU - Wang, Xianling AU - Hu, Qingnan AU - Dai, Xuemei AU - Tian, Hainan AU - Zheng, Kaijie AU - Wang, Xiaoping AU - Mao, Tonglin AU - Chen, Jin-Gui AU - Wang, Shucai AD - Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE & Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. Y1 - 2015/07// PY - 2015 DA - July 2015 SP - 300 EP - 311 VL - 83 IS - 2 KW - Anthocyanins KW - 0 KW - Arabidopsis Proteins KW - GL2 protein, Arabidopsis KW - Homeodomain Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - transcription factor KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - flavonoid KW - anthocyanin KW - GLABRA2 KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Genes, Plant KW - Arabidopsis -- genetics KW - Arabidopsis -- metabolism KW - Homeodomain Proteins -- genetics KW - Arabidopsis Proteins -- genetics KW - Homeodomain Proteins -- physiology KW - Arabidopsis Proteins -- physiology KW - Anthocyanins -- biosynthesis KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1694962380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+journal+%3A+for+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+an+activation-tagged+mutant+uncovers+a+role+of+GLABRA2+in+anthocyanin+biosynthesis+in+Arabidopsis.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Xiaoyu%3BWang%2C+Xianling%3BHu%2C+Qingnan%3BDai%2C+Xuemei%3BTian%2C+Hainan%3BZheng%2C+Kaijie%3BWang%2C+Xiaoping%3BMao%2C+Tonglin%3BChen%2C+Jin-Gui%3BWang%2C+Shucai&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Xiaoyu&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Plant+journal+%3A+for+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=1365-313X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Ftpj.12887 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-04-05 N1 - Date created - 2015-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12887 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extrapolating Dynamic Leidenfrost Principles to Metallic Nanodroplets on Asymmetrically Textured Surfaces. AN - 1692753504; 26123648 AB - In an effort to enhance our knowledge on how to control the movement of metallic nanodroplets, here we have used classical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate whether Cu nanostructures deposited on nanopillared substrates can be made to jump at desired angles. We find that such control is possible, especially for Cu nanostructures that are symmetric; for asymmetric nanostructures, however, control is more uncertain. The work presented here borrows ideas from two seemingly different fields, metallic droplets and water droplets in the dynamic Leidenfrost regime. Despite the differences in the respective systems, we find common ground in their behavior on nanostructured surfaces. Due to this, we suggest that the ongoing research in Leidenfrost droplets is a fertile area for scientists working on metallic nanodroplets. JF - Scientific reports AU - Horne, Joseph E AU - Lavrik, Nickolay V AU - Terrones, Humberto AU - Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel AD - Department of Physics, Applied Physics &Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, 12180 NY, USA. ; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. ; 1] Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA [2] Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. Y1 - 2015/06/30/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jun 30 SP - 11769 VL - 5 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1692753504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.atitle=Extrapolating+Dynamic+Leidenfrost+Principles+to+Metallic+Nanodroplets+on+Asymmetrically+Textured+Surfaces.&rft.au=Horne%2C+Joseph+E%3BLavrik%2C+Nickolay+V%3BTerrones%2C+Humberto%3BFuentes-Cabrera%2C+Miguel&rft.aulast=Horne&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2015-06-30&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11769&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scientific+reports&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsrep11769 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2015-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2015-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: ACS Nano. 2014 Apr 22;8(4):3192-201 [24597847] Small. 2010 Feb 5;6(3):338-45 [20013944] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep11769 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Facile Solvothermal Synthesis of Octahedral Fe3 O4 Nanoparticles. AN - 1687361217; 25620676 AB - Anisotropic Fe3 O4 octahedrons are obtained via a simple solvothermal synthesis with appropriate sizes for various technological applications. A complete suite of materials characterization methods confirms the magnetite phase for these structures, which exhibit substantial saturation magnetization and intriguing morphologies for a wide range of applications. JF - Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) AU - Ooi, Frances AU - DuChene, Joseph S AU - Qiu, Jingjing AU - Graham, Jeremy O AU - Engelhard, Mark H AU - Cao, Guixin AU - Gai, Zheng AU - Wei, Wei David AD - Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanostructured Electronic Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. ; Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA. ; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. Y1 - 2015/06/10/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jun 10 SP - 2649 EP - 2653 VL - 11 IS - 22 KW - magnetic nanoparticles KW - Fe3O4 KW - anisotropic nanostructures KW - magnetite UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1687361217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Small+%28Weinheim+an+der+Bergstrasse%2C+Germany%29&rft.atitle=A+Facile+Solvothermal+Synthesis+of+Octahedral+Fe3+O4+Nanoparticles.&rft.au=Ooi%2C+Frances%3BDuChene%2C+Joseph+S%3BQiu%2C+Jingjing%3BGraham%2C+Jeremy+O%3BEngelhard%2C+Mark+H%3BCao%2C+Guixin%3BGai%2C+Zheng%3BWei%2C+Wei+David&rft.aulast=Ooi&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=2649&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Small+%28Weinheim+an+der+Bergstrasse%2C+Germany%29&rft.issn=1613-6829&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fsmll.201401954 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2015-09-15 N1 - Date created - 2015-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201401954 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recent advances in carbon nanospheres: synthetic routes and applications. AN - 1682887111; 25871563 AB - Carbon-based materials are the most popular material types in both fundamental research and industrial applications, partly because of their well-controlled nano-morphologies. In the past two decades, we have witnessed a number of breakthroughs in carbon research: fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and more recently graphene. Nowadays, carbon nanospheres are attracting more and more attention worldwide due to their excellent performance in various fields: drug delivery, heterogeneous catalysis, encapsulation of support and electrode materials. Actually, spherical carbon is an old material, whereas controlling carbon spheres in the nanometer range is a recent story. In the past 5 years, it has become possible to precisely control the particle size, surface area, pore size, chemical composition, and dispersity of carbon nanospheres. Toward this end, a number of synthetic strategies are emerging, such as hydrothermal carbonization of biomass-based resources, extended Stöber synthesis, and organic-organic self-assembly via different binding methods. In this feature article, we summarize recent routes for carbon nanospheres and briefly touch on their applications to shed light on the potential of this field. Throughout this article, a special emphasis is placed on the possible modulation of spherical structures at the nanoscale, and we wish to inspire many more designs and applications of carbon nanostructures in the near future. JF - Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) AU - Zhang, Pengfei AU - Qiao, Zhen-An AU - Dai, Sheng AD - Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA. dais@ornl.gov. Y1 - 2015/06/07/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jun 07 SP - 9246 EP - 9256 VL - 51 IS - 45 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1682887111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+communications+%28Cambridge%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Recent+advances+in+carbon+nanospheres%3A+synthetic+routes+and+applications.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Pengfei%3BQiao%2C+Zhen-An%3BDai%2C+Sheng&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Pengfei&rft.date=2015-06-07&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=45&rft.spage=9246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+communications+%28Cambridge%2C+England%29&rft.issn=1364-548X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5cc01759a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2015-07-27 N1 - Date created - 2015-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc01759a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - When will Low-Contrast Features be Visible in a STEM X-Ray Spectrum Image? AN - 1846411989; PQ0003836012 AB - When will a small or low-contrast feature, such as an embedded second-phase particle, be visible in a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) X-ray map? This work illustrates a computationally inexpensive method to simulate X-ray maps and spectrum images (SIs), based upon the equations of X-ray generation and detection. To particularize the general procedure, an example of nanostructured ferritic alloy (NFA) containing nm-sized Y sub(2)Ti sub(2)O sub(7) embedded precipitates in ferritic stainless steel matrix is chosen. The proposed model produces physically appearing simulated SI data sets, which can either be reduced to X-ray dot maps or analyzed via multivariate statistical analysis. Comparison to NFA X-ray maps acquired using three different STEM instruments match the generated simulations quite well, despite the large number of simplifying assumptions used. A figure of merit of electron dose multiplied by X-ray collection solid angle is proposed to compare feature detectability from one data set (simulated or experimental) to another. The proposed method can scope experiments that are feasible under specific analysis conditions on a given microscope. Future applications, such as spallation proton-neutron irradiations, core-shell nanoparticles, or dopants in polycrystalline photovoltaic solar cells, are proposed. JF - Microscopy and Microanalysis AU - Parish, Chad M AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Radiation Effects and Microstructural Analysis Group, 1 Bethel Valley Road, MS6064 Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, parishcm@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/06// PY - 2015 DA - June 2015 SP - 706 EP - 724 PB - Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU United Kingdom VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 1431-9276, 1431-9276 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Microscopes KW - Statistical analysis KW - alloys KW - nanoparticles KW - stainless steel KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1846411989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microscopy+and+Microanalysis&rft.atitle=When+will+Low-Contrast+Features+be+Visible+in+a+STEM+X-Ray+Spectrum+Image%3F&rft.au=Parish%2C+Chad+M&rft.aulast=Parish&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=706&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microscopy+and+Microanalysis&rft.issn=14319276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS1431927615000215 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 63 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Data processing; Microscopes; Transmission electron microscopy; Ionizing radiation; Statistical analysis; alloys; nanoparticles; stainless steel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1431927615000215 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogen permeation in FeCrAl alloys for LWR cladding application AN - 1762380583; PQ0002441407 AB - FeCrAl, an advanced oxidation-resistant iron-based alloy class, is a highly prevalent candidate as an accident-tolerant fuel cladding material. Compared with traditional zirconium alloy fuel cladding, increased tritium permeation through FeCrAl fuel cladding to the primary coolant is expected, raising potential safety concerns. In this study, the hydrogen permeability of several FeCrAl alloys was obtained using a static permeation test station, which was calibrated and validated using 304 stainless steel. The high hydrogen permeability of FeCrAl alloys leads to concerns with respect to potentially significant tritium release when used for fuel cladding in LWRs. The total tritium inventory inside the primary coolant of a light water reactor was quantified by applying a 1-dimensional steady state tritium diffusion model to demonstrate the dependence of tritium inventory on fuel cladding type. Furthermore, potential mitigation strategies for tritium release from FeCrAl fuel cladding were discussed and indicate the potential for application of an alumina layer on the inner clad surface to serve as a tritium barrier. More effort is required to develop a robust, economical mitigation strategy for tritium permeation in reactors using FeCrAl clad fuel assemblies. JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials AU - Hu, Xunxiang AU - Terrani, Kurt A AU - Wirth, Brian D AU - Snead, Lance L AD - Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States Y1 - 2015/06// PY - 2015 DA - June 2015 SP - 282 EP - 291 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 461 SN - 0022-3115, 0022-3115 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Austenitic stainless steels KW - 304 KW - Mitigation KW - Fuels KW - Safety KW - Zirconium KW - Hydrogen KW - Permeability KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Tritium KW - Radioactive materials KW - Economics KW - Alloys KW - Diffusion KW - Steel KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1762380583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.atitle=Hydrogen+permeation+in+FeCrAl+alloys+for+LWR+cladding+application&rft.au=Hu%2C+Xunxiang%3BTerrani%2C+Kurt+A%3BWirth%2C+Brian+D%3BSnead%2C+Lance+L&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Xunxiang&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.volume=461&rft.issue=&rft.spage=282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.issn=00223115&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jnucmat.2015.02.040 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mitigation; Fuels; Safety; Zirconium; Hydrogen; Permeability; Nuclear reactors; Tritium; Economics; Radioactive materials; Alloys; Diffusion; Steel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.02.040 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Observations of Ag diffusion in ion implanted SiC AN - 1762363088; PQ0002441410 AB - The nature and magnitude of Ag diffusion in SiC has been a topic of interest in connection with the performance of tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated particle fuel for high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactors. Ion implantation diffusion couples have been revisited to continue developing a more complete understanding of Ag fission product diffusion in SiC. Ion implantation diffusion couples fabricated from single crystal 4H-SiC and polycrystalline 3C-SiC substrates and exposed to 1500-1625[degrees]C, were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The high dynamic range of SIMS allowed for multiple diffusion regimes to be investigated, including enhanced diffusion by implantation-induced defects and grain boundary (GB) diffusion in undamaged SiC. Estimated diffusion coefficients suggest GB diffusion in bulk SiC does not properly describe the release observed from TRISO fuel. JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials AU - Gerczak, Tyler J AU - Leng, Bin AU - Sridharan, Kumar AU - Hunter, Jerry L AU - Giordani, Andrew J AU - Allen, Todd R AD - Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA, gerczaktj@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/06// PY - 2015 DA - June 2015 SP - 314 EP - 324 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 461 SN - 0022-3115, 0022-3115 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Fuels KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Particulates KW - Crystals KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Fission products KW - Nuclear reactors KW - High temperature KW - Microscopy KW - Radioactive materials KW - Grain KW - Boundaries KW - Diffusion KW - Diffusion coefficient KW - Grains KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1762363088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.atitle=Observations+of+Ag+diffusion+in+ion+implanted+SiC&rft.au=Gerczak%2C+Tyler+J%3BLeng%2C+Bin%3BSridharan%2C+Kumar%3BHunter%2C+Jerry+L%3BGiordani%2C+Andrew+J%3BAllen%2C+Todd+R&rft.aulast=Gerczak&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.volume=461&rft.issue=&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.issn=00223115&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jnucmat.2015.03.027 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 56 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Transmission electron microscopy; Fuels; Boundaries; Grain; Crystals; Diffusion coefficient; Mass spectroscopy; Fission products; Nuclear reactors; High temperature; Radioactive materials; Microscopy; Mass spectrometry; Diffusion; Particulates; Grains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.03.027 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global patterns and controls of soil organic carbon dynamics as simulated by multiple terrestrial biosphere models; current status and future directions AN - 1722156673; 2015-099155 AB - Soil is the largest organic carbon (C) pool of terrestrial ecosystems, and C loss from soil accounts for a large proportion of land-atmosphere C exchange. Therefore, a small change in soil organic C (SOC) can affect atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO (sub 2) ) concentration and climate change. In the past decades, a wide variety of studies have been conducted to quantify global SOC stocks and soil C exchange with the atmosphere through site measurements, inventories, and empirical/process-based modeling. However, these estimates are highly uncertain, and identifying major driving forces controlling soil C dynamics remains a key research challenge. This study has compiled century-long (1901-2010) estimates of SOC storage and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) from 10 terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) in the Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project and two observation-based data sets. The 10 TBM ensemble shows that global SOC estimate ranges from 425 to 2111 Pg C (1 Pg = 10 (super 15) g) with a median value of 1158 Pg C in 2010. The models estimate a broad range of Rh from 35 to 69 Pg C yr (super -1) with a median value of 51 Pg C yr (super -1) during 2001-2010. The largest uncertainty in SOC stocks exists in the 40-65 degrees N latitude whereas the largest cross-model divergence in Rh are in the tropics. The modeled SOC change during 1901-2010 ranges from -70 Pg C to 86 Pg C, but in some models the SOC change has a different sign from the change of total C stock, implying very different contribution of vegetation and soil pools in determining the terrestrial C budget among models. The model ensemble-estimated mean residence time of SOC shows a reduction of 3.4 years over the past century, which accelerate C cycling through the land biosphere. All the models agreed that climate and land use changes decreased SOC stocks, while elevated atmospheric CO (sub 2) and nitrogen deposition over intact ecosystems increased SOC stocks-even though the responses varied significantly among models. Model representations of temperature and moisture sensitivity, nutrient limitation, and land use partially explain the divergent estimates of global SOC stocks and soil C fluxes in this study. In addition, a major source of systematic error in model estimations relates to nonmodeled SOC storage in wetlands and peatlands, as well as to old C storage in deep soil layers. Abstract Copyright (2015), . The Authors. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Tian, Hanqin AU - Lu, Chaoqun AU - Yang, Jia AU - Banger, Kamaljit AU - Huntzinger, Deborah N AU - Schwalm, Christopher R AU - Michalak, Anna M AU - Cook, Robert AU - Ciais, Philippe AU - Hayes, Daniel AU - Huang, Maoyi AU - Ito, Akihiko AU - Jain, Atul K AU - Lei, Huimin AU - Mao, Jiafu AU - Pan, Shufen AU - Post, Wilfred M AU - Peng, Shushi AU - Poulter, Benjamin AU - Ren, Wei AU - Ricciuto, Daniel AU - Schaefer, Kevin AU - Shi, Xiaoying AU - Tao, Bo AU - Wang, Weile AU - Wei, Yaxing AU - Yang, Qichun AU - Zhang, Bowen AU - Zeng, Ning Y1 - 2015/06// PY - 2015 DA - June 2015 SP - 775 EP - 792 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - soils KW - respiration KW - peatlands KW - terrestrial environment KW - numerical models KW - ecosystems KW - nitrogen KW - geochemical cycle KW - carbon dioxide KW - nitrogen cycle KW - controls KW - mires KW - dynamics KW - carbon KW - biosphere KW - residence time KW - carbon cycle KW - organic carbon KW - uncertainty KW - storage KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1722156673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Global+patterns+and+controls+of+soil+organic+carbon+dynamics+as+simulated+by+multiple+terrestrial+biosphere+models%3B+current+status+and+future+directions&rft.au=Tian%2C+Hanqin%3BLu%2C+Chaoqun%3BYang%2C+Jia%3BBanger%2C+Kamaljit%3BHuntzinger%2C+Deborah+N%3BSchwalm%2C+Christopher+R%3BMichalak%2C+Anna+M%3BCook%2C+Robert%3BCiais%2C+Philippe%3BHayes%2C+Daniel%3BHuang%2C+Maoyi%3BIto%2C+Akihiko%3BJain%2C+Atul+K%3BLei%2C+Huimin%3BMao%2C+Jiafu%3BPan%2C+Shufen%3BPost%2C+Wilfred+M%3BPeng%2C+Shushi%3BPoulter%2C+Benjamin%3BRen%2C+Wei%3BRicciuto%2C+Daniel%3BSchaefer%2C+Kevin%3BShi%2C+Xiaoying%3BTao%2C+Bo%3BWang%2C+Weile%3BWei%2C+Yaxing%3BYang%2C+Qichun%3BZhang%2C+Bowen%3BZeng%2C+Ning&rft.aulast=Tian&rft.aufirst=Hanqin&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=775&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2014GB005021 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 66 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biosphere; carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; controls; dynamics; ecosystems; geochemical cycle; mires; nitrogen; nitrogen cycle; numerical models; organic carbon; peatlands; residence time; respiration; soils; storage; terrestrial environment; uncertainty DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multicentury changes in ocean and land contributions to the climate-carbon feedback AN - 1722156348; 2015-099153 AB - Improved constraints on carbon cycle responses to climate change are needed to inform mitigation policy, yet our understanding of how these responses may evolve after 2100 remains highly uncertain. Using the Community Earth System Model (v1.0), we quantified climate-carbon feedbacks from 1850 to 2300 for the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 and its extension. In three simulations, land and ocean biogeochemical processes experienced the same trajectory of increasing atmospheric CO (sub 2) . Each simulation had a different degree of radiative coupling for CO (sub 2) and other greenhouse gases and aerosols, enabling diagnosis of feedbacks. In a fully coupled simulation, global mean surface air temperature increased by 9.3 K from 1850 to 2300, with 4.4 K of this warming occurring after 2100. Excluding CO (sub 2) , warming from other greenhouse gases and aerosols was 1.6 K by 2300, near a 2 K target needed to avoid dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Ocean contributions to the climate-carbon feedback increased considerably over time and exceeded contributions from land after 2100. The sensitivity of ocean carbon to climate change was found to be proportional to changes in ocean heat content, as a consequence of this heat modifying transport pathways for anthropogenic CO (sub 2) inflow and solubility of dissolved inorganic carbon. By 2300, climate change reduced cumulative ocean uptake by 330 Pg C, from 1410 Pg C to 1080 Pg C. Land fluxes similarly diverged over time, with climate change reducing stocks by 232 Pg C. Regional influence of climate change on carbon stocks was largest in the North Atlantic Ocean and tropical forests of South America. Our analysis suggests that after 2100, oceans may become as important as terrestrial ecosystems in regulating the magnitude of the climate-carbon feedback. Abstract Copyright (2015), . American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Randerson, J T AU - Lindsay, K AU - Munoz, E AU - Fu, W AU - Moore, J K AU - Hoffman, F M AU - Mahowald, N M AU - Doney, S C Y1 - 2015/06// PY - 2015 DA - June 2015 SP - 744 EP - 759 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 29 IS - 6 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - ocean circulation KW - terrestrial environment KW - numerical models KW - human activity KW - global change KW - ecosystems KW - climate change KW - geochemical cycle KW - carbon dioxide KW - feedback KW - biogenic processes KW - stratification KW - carbon KW - greenhouse gases KW - carbon cycle KW - North Atlantic KW - world ocean KW - climate KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - productivity KW - global warming KW - 22:Environmental geology KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1722156348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Multicentury+changes+in+ocean+and+land+contributions+to+the+climate-carbon+feedback&rft.au=Randerson%2C+J+T%3BLindsay%2C+K%3BMunoz%2C+E%3BFu%2C+W%3BMoore%2C+J+K%3BHoffman%2C+F+M%3BMahowald%2C+N+M%3BDoney%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Randerson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=744&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2014GB005079 L2 - http://www.agu.org/journals/gb/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 61 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2015-10-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Atlantic Ocean; biogenic processes; carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; climate; climate change; ecosystems; feedback; geochemical cycle; global change; global warming; greenhouse gases; human activity; North Atlantic; numerical models; ocean circulation; productivity; stratification; terrestrial environment; world ocean DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005079 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Black carbon aerosol-induced Northern Hemisphere tropical expansion AN - 1705073404; PQ0001771703 AB - Global climate models (GCMs) underestimate the observed trend in tropical expansion. Recent studies partly attribute it to black carbon (BC) aerosols, which are poorly represented in GCMs. We conduct a suite of idealized experiments with the Community Atmosphere Model version 4 coupled to a slab ocean model forced with increasing BC concentrations covering a large swath of the estimated range of current BC radiative forcing while maintaining their spatial distribution. The Northern Hemisphere (NH) tropics expand poleward nearly linearly as BC radiative forcing increases (0.7 degree W super(-1)m super(2)), indicating that a realistic representation of BC could reduce GCM biases. We find support for the mechanism where BC-induced midlatitude tropospheric heating shifts the maximum meridional tropospheric temperature gradient poleward resulting in tropical expansion. We also find that the NH poleward tropical edge is nearly linearly correlated with the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which shifts northward in response to increasing BC. Key Points * NH tropical expansion linearly increases with BC forcing * BC-induced midlatitude warming results in NH tropical expansion * NH tropical expansion is linearly related to the location of ITCZ JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Kovilakam, Mahesh AU - Mahajan, Salil AD - Computational Earth Sciences Group and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2015/06// PY - 2015 DA - June 2015 SP - 4964 EP - 4972 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United States VL - 42 IS - 12 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Ocean models KW - AS, Atlantic, Intertropical Convergence Zone KW - Intertropical Convergence Zone KW - Black carbon aerosols KW - Expansion KW - Spatial Distribution KW - Atmospheric circulation-oceanic circulation coupled models KW - Temperature Gradient KW - Atmosphere KW - Radiative forcing KW - Carbon KW - Air-sea coupling KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Modelling KW - Marine KW - Aerosols KW - Climate models KW - Slabs KW - Climates KW - Troposphere KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Ocean currents KW - Global climate KW - Oceans KW - General circulation models KW - Tropical environment KW - Atmospheric forcing KW - Tropospheric temperatures KW - Q2 09262:Methods and instruments KW - SW 0810:General KW - M2 551.46:General (551.46) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1705073404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Black+carbon+aerosol-induced+Northern+Hemisphere+tropical+expansion&rft.au=Kovilakam%2C+Mahesh%3BMahajan%2C+Salil&rft.aulast=Kovilakam&rft.aufirst=Mahesh&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4964&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2015GL064559 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aerosols; Carbon; Air-sea coupling; Tropical environment; Atmospheric forcing; Ocean-atmosphere system; Troposphere; Atmospheric circulation; Modelling; Ocean currents; Global climate; Climate models; Radiative forcing; Spatial distribution; Ocean models; General circulation models; Intertropical Convergence Zone; Black carbon aerosols; Atmospheric circulation-oceanic circulation coupled models; Tropospheric temperatures; Slabs; Oceans; Climates; Spatial Distribution; Expansion; Atmosphere; Temperature Gradient; AS, Atlantic, Intertropical Convergence Zone; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064559 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of quartz overgrowth precipitation on the multiscale porosity of sandstone; a (U)SANS and imaging analysis AN - 1696873163; 2015-069875 AB - We have performed a series of experiments to understand the effects of quartz overgrowths on nanometer to centimeter scale pore structures of sandstones. Blocks from two samples of St. Peter Sandstone with different initial porosities (5.8% and 18.3%) were reacted from 3 days to 7.5 months at 100 and 200 degrees C in aqueous solutions supersaturated with respect to quartz by reaction with amorphous silica. Porosity in the resultant samples was analyzed using small and ultrasmall angle neutron scattering and scanning electron microscope/backscattered electron (SEM/BSE)-based image-scale processing techniques. Significant changes were observed in the multiscale pore structures. By 3 days much of the overgrowth in the low-porosity sample dissolved away. The reason for this is uncertain, but the overgrowths can be clearly distinguished from the original core grains in the BSE images. At longer times the larger pores are observed to fill with plate-like precipitates. As with the unreacted sandstones, porosity is a step function of size. Grain boundaries are typically fractal, but no evidence of mass fractal or fuzzy interface behavior was observed suggesting a structural difference between chemical and clastic sediments. After the initial loss of the overgrowths, image scale porosity (> approximately 1 cm) decreases with time. Submicron porosity (typically approximately 25% of the total) is relatively constant or slightly decreasing in absolute terms, but the percent change is significant. Fractal dimensions decrease at larger scales, and increase at smaller scales with increased precipitation. Abstract Copyright (2015) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Anovitz, Lawrence M AU - Cole, David R AU - Jackson, Andrew J AU - Rother, Gernot AU - Littrell, Kenneth C AU - Allard, Lawrence F AU - Pollington, Anthony D AU - Wesolowski, David J Y1 - 2015/06/01/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jun 01 SP - 199 EP - 222 PB - Elsevier, New York, NY VL - 158 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - silicates KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - silica minerals KW - Middle Ordovician KW - sandstone KW - petroleum KW - crystal growth KW - reservoir rocks KW - ground water KW - Ordovician KW - sedimentary rocks KW - water-rock interaction KW - grain boundaries KW - retention KW - framework silicates KW - Saint Peter Sandstone KW - pH KW - chemically precipitated rocks KW - textures KW - Paleozoic KW - electron microscopy data KW - migration of elements KW - TEM data KW - porosity KW - aquifers KW - physical properties KW - saturation KW - precipitation KW - mathematical methods KW - quartz KW - clastic rocks KW - SEM data KW - backscattering KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 01B:Mineralogy of silicates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1696873163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Effect+of+quartz+overgrowth+precipitation+on+the+multiscale+porosity+of+sandstone%3B+a+%28U%29SANS+and+imaging+analysis&rft.au=Anovitz%2C+Lawrence+M%3BCole%2C+David+R%3BJackson%2C+Andrew+J%3BRother%2C+Gernot%3BLittrell%2C+Kenneth+C%3BAllard%2C+Lawrence+F%3BPollington%2C+Anthony+D%3BWesolowski%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Anovitz&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.gca.2015.01.028 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 76 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2015-07-17 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquifers; backscattering; chemically precipitated rocks; clastic rocks; crystal growth; electron microscopy data; framework silicates; grain boundaries; ground water; mathematical methods; Middle Ordovician; migration of elements; Ordovician; Paleozoic; petroleum; pH; physical properties; porosity; precipitation; quartz; reservoir rocks; retention; Saint Peter Sandstone; sandstone; saturation; sedimentary rocks; SEM data; silica minerals; silicates; TEM data; textures; water-rock interaction; X-ray diffraction data DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.01.028 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insights into the structure of mixed CO (sub 2) /CH (sub 4) in gas hydrates AN - 1692746884; 2015-065523 AB - The exchange of carbon dioxide for methane in natural gas hydrates is an attractive approach to harvesting CH (sub 4) for energy production while simultaneously sequestering CO (sub 2) . In addition to the energy and environmental implications, the solid solution of clathrate hydrate (CH (sub 4) ) (sub 1-x) (CO (sub 2) ) (sub x) .5.75H (sub 2) O provides a model system to study how the distinct bonding and shapes of CH (sub 4) and CO (sub 2) influence the structure and properties of the compound. High-resolution neutron diffraction was used to examine mixed CO (sub 2) /CH (sub 4) gas hydrates. CO (sub 2) -rich hydrates had smaller lattice parameters, which were attributed to the higher affinity of the CO (sub 2) molecule interacting with H (sub 2) O molecules that form the surrounding cages, and resulted in a reduction in the unit-cell volume. Experimental nuclear scattering densities illustrate how the cage occupants and energy landscape change with composition. These results provide important insights on the impact and mechanisms for the structure of mixed CH (sub 4) /CO (sub 2) gas hydrate. JF - American Mineralogist AU - Everett, S Michelle AU - Rawn, Claudia J AU - Chakoumakos, Bryan C AU - Keffer, David J AU - Huq, Ashfia AU - Phelps, Tommy J Y1 - 2015/06// PY - 2015 DA - June 2015 SP - 1203 EP - 1208 PB - Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC VL - 100 IS - 5-6 SN - 0003-004X, 0003-004X KW - water KW - methane KW - carbon sequestration KW - lattice KW - gas hydrates KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - unit cell KW - petroleum KW - alkanes KW - Rietveld refinement KW - clathrates KW - carbon dioxide KW - organic compounds KW - neutron diffraction data KW - hydrocarbons KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1692746884?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Mineralogist&rft.atitle=Insights+into+the+structure+of+mixed+CO+%28sub+2%29+%2FCH+%28sub+4%29+in+gas+hydrates&rft.au=Everett%2C+S+Michelle%3BRawn%2C+Claudia+J%3BChakoumakos%2C+Bryan+C%3BKeffer%2C+David+J%3BHuq%2C+Ashfia%3BPhelps%2C+Tommy+J&rft.aulast=Everett&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=1203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Mineralogist&rft.issn=0003004X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2138%2Fam-2015-4929 L2 - http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/TOC/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, copyright, Mineralogical Society of America | Reference includes data from GeoScienceWorld, Alexandria, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2015-07-02 N1 - CODEN - AMMIAY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; clathrates; gas hydrates; hydrocarbons; lattice; methane; neutron diffraction data; organic compounds; petroleum; Rietveld refinement; unit cell; water DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4929 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrite Control over Dissimilatory Nitrate/Nitrite Reduction Pathways in Shewanella loihica Strain PV-4. AN - 1675876715; 25769828 AB - Shewanella loihica strain PV-4 harbors both a functional denitrification (NO3 (-)→N2) and a respiratory ammonification (NO3 (-)→NH4 (+)) pathway. Batch and chemostat experiments revealed that NO2 (-) affects pathway selection and the formation of reduced products. Strain PV-4 cells grown with NO2 (-) as the sole electron acceptor produced exclusively NH4 (+). With NO3 (-) as the electron acceptor, denitrification predominated and N2O accounted for ∼90% of reduced products in the presence of acetylene. Chemostat experiments demonstrated that the NO2 (-):NO3 (-) ratio affected the distribution of reduced products, and respiratory ammonification dominated at high NO2 (-):NO3 (-) ratios, whereas low NO2 (-):NO3 (-) ratios favored denitrification. The NO2 (-):NO3 (-) ratios affected nirK transcript abundance, a measure of denitrification activity, in the chemostat experiments, and cells grown at a NO2 (-):NO3 (-) ratio of 3 had ∼37-fold fewer nirK transcripts per cell than cells grown with NO3 (-) as the sole electron acceptor. In contrast, the transcription of nrfA, implicated in NO2 (-)-to-NH4 (+) reduction, remained statistically unchanged under continuous cultivation conditions at NO2 (-):NO3 (-) ratios below 3. At NO2 (-):NO3 (-) ratios above 3, both nirK and nrfA transcript numbers decreased and the chemostat culture washed out, presumably due to NO2 (-) toxicity. These findings implicate NO2 (-) as a relevant modulator of NO3 (-) fate in S. loihica strain PV-4, and, by extension, suggest that NO2 (-) is a relevant determinant for N retention (i.e., ammonification) versus N loss and greenhouse gas emission (i.e., denitrification). JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Yoon, Sukhwan AU - Sanford, Robert A AU - Löffler, Frank E AD - Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea syoon80@kaist.ac.kr frank.loeffler@utk.edu. ; Department of Geology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA. ; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (UT-ORNL) Joint Institute for Biological Sciences (JIBS) and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA syoon80@kaist.ac.kr frank.loeffler@utk.edu. Y1 - 2015/05/15/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 May 15 SP - 3510 EP - 3517 VL - 81 IS - 10 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Nitrates KW - Nitrites KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Denitrification KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Shewanella -- metabolism KW - Nitrites -- metabolism KW - Nitrates -- metabolism KW - Shewanella -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1675876715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Nitrite+Control+over+Dissimilatory+Nitrate%2FNitrite+Reduction+Pathways+in+Shewanella+loihica+Strain+PV-4.&rft.au=Yoon%2C+Sukhwan%3BSanford%2C+Robert+A%3BL%C3%B6ffler%2C+Frank+E&rft.aulast=Yoon&rft.aufirst=Sukhwan&rft.date=2015-05-15&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3510&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=1098-5336&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.00688-15 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-01-15 N1 - Date created - 2015-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: ISME J. 2007 May;1(1):19-27 [18043610] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Mar;73(5):1420-4 [17209072] Environ Microbiol. 2008 Nov;10(11):3070-81 [18312398] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Nov 27;109(48):19709-14 [23150571] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Jan;79(1):168-76 [23087029] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Apr;79(8):2818-22 [23396327] Science. 2014 Aug 8;345(6197):676-9 [25104387] Chemosphere. 2003 Feb;50(6):747-53 [12688486] J Bacteriol. 2000 Oct;182(20):5813-22 [11004182] ISME J. 2015 May;9(5):1093-104 [25350157] Bioinformatics. 2004 Mar 22;20(5):798-9 [14752001] J Bacteriol. 1964 May;87(5):993-8 [5874549] Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1982;48(6):569-83 [6762848] Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1994;66(1-3):89-110 [7747942] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Jul;71(7):3866-71 [16000799] Biochem Soc Trans. 2006 Feb;34(Pt 1):104-7 [16417494] Environ Microbiol. 2006 Aug;8(8):1487-95 [16872410] Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2006 Aug;56(Pt 8):1911-6 [16902030] J Bacteriol. 2007 Jan;189(2):656-62 [17098906] Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Aug 1;42(15):5718-26 [18754499] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00688-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multi-omics of permafrost, active layer and thermokarst bog soil microbiomes AN - 1692747347; 2015-061869 JF - Nature (London) AU - Hultman, Jenni AU - Waldrop, Mark P AU - Mackelprang, Rachel AU - David, Maude M AU - McFarland, Jack AU - Blazewicz, Steven J AU - Harden, Jennifer AU - Turetsky, Merritt R AU - McGuire, A David AU - Shah, Manesh B AU - VerBerkmoes, Nathan C AU - Lee, Lang Ho AU - Mavrommatis, Kostas AU - Jansson, Janet K Y1 - 2015/05/14/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 May 14 SP - 208 EP - 212 PB - Macmillan Journals, London VL - 521 IS - 7551 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - soils KW - permafrost KW - methane KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - alkanes KW - genetics KW - genesis KW - organic compounds KW - mires KW - biogenic processes KW - nucleic acids KW - carbon KW - thermokarst KW - hydrocarbons KW - DNA KW - active layer KW - geochemistry KW - microorganisms KW - bogs KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1692747347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+%28London%29&rft.atitle=Multi-omics+of+permafrost%2C+active+layer+and+thermokarst+bog+soil+microbiomes&rft.au=Hultman%2C+Jenni%3BWaldrop%2C+Mark+P%3BMackelprang%2C+Rachel%3BDavid%2C+Maude+M%3BMcFarland%2C+Jack%3BBlazewicz%2C+Steven+J%3BHarden%2C+Jennifer%3BTuretsky%2C+Merritt+R%3BMcGuire%2C+A+David%3BShah%2C+Manesh+B%3BVerBerkmoes%2C+Nathan+C%3BLee%2C+Lang+Ho%3BMavrommatis%2C+Kostas%3BJansson%2C+Janet+K&rft.aulast=Hultman&rft.aufirst=Jenni&rft.date=2015-05-14&rft.volume=521&rft.issue=7551&rft.spage=208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+%28London%29&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature14238 L2 - http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2015-07-02 N1 - CODEN - NATUAS N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - active layer; aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; biogenic processes; bogs; carbon; DNA; genesis; genetics; geochemistry; hydrocarbons; methane; microorganisms; mires; nucleic acids; organic compounds; permafrost; soils; thermokarst DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14238 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A New Equivalence Theory Method for Treating Doubly Heterogeneous Fuel-I : Theory AN - 1770375270; PQ0002237225 AB - A new methodology has been developed to treat resonance self-shielding in doubly heterogeneous very high temperature gas-cooled reactor systems in which the fuel compact region of a reactor lattice consists of small fuel grains dispersed in a graphite matrix. The new method first homogenizes the fuel grain and matrix materials using an analytically derived disadvantage factor from a two-region problem with equivalence theory and intermediate resonance method. The disadvantage factor accounts for spatial self-shielding effects inside each grain within the framework of an infinite array of grains. Then the homogenized fuel compact is self-shielded using a Bondarenko method to account for interactions between the fuel compact regions in the fuel lattice. In the final form of the equations for actual implementations, the double-heterogeneity effects are accounted for by simply using a modified definition of a background cross section, which includes geometry parameters and cross sections for both the grain and fuel compact regions. With the new method, the doubly heterogeneous resonance self-shielding effect can be treated easily even with legacy codes programmed only for a singly heterogeneous system by simple modifications in the background cross section for resonance integral interpolations. This paper presents a detailed derivation of the new method and a sensitivity study of double-heterogeneity parameters introduced during the derivation. The implementation of the method and verification results for various test cases are presented in the companion paper. JF - Nuclear Science and Engineering AU - Williams, Mark L AU - Choi, Sooyoung AU - Lee, Deokjung AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Reactor and Nuclear Systems Division Oak Ridge, Tennessee Y1 - 2015/05// PY - 2015 DA - May 2015 SP - 30 EP - 40 PB - American Nuclear Society, Inc., 555 N. Kensington Ave. La Grange Park IL 60525 United States VL - 180 IS - 1 SN - 0029-5639, 0029-5639 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Nuclear power generation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Fuels KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Grains KW - Cross sections KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Derivation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1770375270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Science+and+Engineering&rft.atitle=A+New+Equivalence+Theory+Method+for+Treating+Doubly+Heterogeneous+Fuel-I+%3A+Theory&rft.au=Williams%2C+Mark+L%3BChoi%2C+Sooyoung%3BLee%2C+Deokjung&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nuclear+Science+and+Engineering&rft.issn=00295639&rft_id=info:doi/10.13182%2FNSE14-68 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/NSE14-68 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scalable tuning of building models to hourly data AN - 1762088645; PQ0002132959 AB - Energy models of existing buildings are unreliable unless calibrated so that they correlate well with actual energy usage. Manual tuning requires a skilled professional and is prohibitively expensive for small projects, imperfect, non-repeatable, and not scalable to the dozens of sensor channels that smart meters, smart appliances, and sensors are making available. A scalable, automated methodology is needed to quickly, intelligently calibrate building energy models to all available data, increase the usefulness of those models, and facilitate speed-and-scale penetration of simulation-based capabilities into the marketplace for actualized energy savings. The "Autotune" project is a novel, model-agnostic methodology that leverages supercomputing, large simulation ensembles, and big data mining with multiple machine learning algorithms to allow automatic calibration of simulations that match measured experimental data in a way that is deployable on commodity hardware. This paper shares several methodologies employed to reduce the combinatorial complexity to a computationally tractable search problem for hundreds of input parameters. Accuracy metrics are provided that quantify model error to measured data for either monthly or hourly electrical usage from a highly instrumented, emulated-occupancy research home. JF - Energy AU - Garrett, Aaron AU - New, Joshua AD - Mathematical, Computing, and Information Sciences, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, USA Y1 - 2015/05/01/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 May 01 SP - 493 EP - 502 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 84 SN - 0360-5442, 0360-5442 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN) KW - Autotune KW - EnergyPlus KW - Calibration KW - Optimization KW - Evolutionary computation KW - Computer simulation KW - Construction KW - Tuning KW - Smart sensors KW - Automation KW - Buildings KW - Methodology KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1762088645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy&rft.atitle=Scalable+tuning+of+building+models+to+hourly+data&rft.au=Garrett%2C+Aaron%3BNew%2C+Joshua&rft.aulast=Garrett&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy&rft.issn=03605442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.energy.2015.03.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-02 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.03.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermodynamic assessment of the U-Y-O system AN - 1687672928; PQ0001548370 AB - A CALPHAD assessment of the U-Y-O system has been developed. To represent the YO sub(2) compound in the compound energy formalism (CEF) for U sub(1-y)Y sub(y)O sub(2+ or -x), the lattice stability was calculated using density functional theory (DFT) while a partially ionic liquid sub-lattice model is used to describe the liquid phase. A Gibbs function for the stoichiometric rhombohedral UY sub(6)O sub(12) phase is proposed. Models representing the phases in the U-O and Y-O systems taken from the literature along with the phases that appear in the U-Y-O ternary are combined to form a complete assessment. JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials AU - Brese, R G AU - McMurray, J W AU - Shin, D AU - Besmann, T M AD - Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6063, United States, mcmurrayjw1@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/05// PY - 2015 DA - May 2015 SP - 5 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 460 SN - 0022-3115, 0022-3115 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Thermodynamics KW - Energy KW - Radioactive materials KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1687672928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.atitle=Thermodynamic+assessment+of+the+U-Y-O+system&rft.au=Brese%2C+R+G%3BMcMurray%2C+J+W%3BShin%2C+D%3BBesmann%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Brese&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.volume=460&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.issn=00223115&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jnucmat.2015.01.047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thermodynamics; Energy; Radioactive materials DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.01.047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fast, quantitative, and nondestructive evaluation of hydrided LWR fuel cladding by small angle incoherent neutron scattering of hydrogen AN - 1687665736; PQ0001548383 AB - A nondestructive neutron scattering method to precisely measure the uptake of hydrogen and the distribution of hydride precipitates in light water reactor (LWR) fuel cladding was developed. Zircaloy-4 cladding used in commercial LWRs was used to produce hydrided specimens. The hydriding apparatus consists of a closed stainless-steel vessel that contains Zr alloy specimens and hydrogen gas. Following hydrogen charging, the hydrogen content of the hydrided specimens was measured using the vacuum hot extraction method, by which the samples with desired hydrogen concentrations were selected for the neutron study. Optical microscopy shows that our hydriding procedure results in uniform distribution of circumferential hydrides across the wall thickness. Small angle neutron incoherent scattering was performed in the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Our study demonstrates that the hydrogen in commercial Zircaloy-4 cladding can be measured very accurately in minutes by this nondestructive method over a wide range of hydrogen concentrations from a very small amount ([approx =]20 ppm) to over 1000 ppm. The hydrogen distribution in a tube sample was obtained by scaling the neutron scattering rate with a factor determined by a calibration process using standard, destructive direct chemical analysis methods on the specimens. This scale factor can be used in future tests with unknown hydrogen concentrations, thus providing a nondestructive method for determining absolute hydrogen concentrations. JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials AU - Yan, Y AU - Qian, S AU - Littrell, K AU - Parish, C M AU - Plummer, L K AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN37831, USA Y1 - 2015/05// PY - 2015 DA - May 2015 SP - 114 EP - 121 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 460 SN - 0022-3115, 0022-3115 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Zirconium base alloys KW - Zircaloy-4 KW - USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge KW - Isotopes KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Fuels KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Microscopy KW - Radioactive materials KW - Alloys KW - Uptake KW - Hydrogen KW - Scaling KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1687665736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.atitle=Fast%2C+quantitative%2C+and+nondestructive+evaluation+of+hydrided+LWR+fuel+cladding+by+small+angle+incoherent+neutron+scattering+of+hydrogen&rft.au=Yan%2C+Y%3BQian%2C+S%3BLittrell%2C+K%3BParish%2C+C+M%3BPlummer%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Yan&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.volume=460&rft.issue=&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.issn=00223115&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jnucmat.2015.02.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Isotopes; Nuclear reactors; Fuels; Radioactive materials; Microscopy; Nuclear fuels; Uptake; Alloys; Hydrogen; Scaling; USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.02.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High temperature steam oxidation of SiC coating layer of TRISO fuel particles AN - 1687665418; PQ0001548388 AB - High-temperature oxidation behavior of SiC coating layer of TRISO fuel particles in 1500-1700 [degrees]C steam at 1 atm has been examined inside a zirconia furnace. The SiC coating layers experienced a thickness loss of less than 2.5 mu m under these conditions up to 24 h. The thickness of the oxide layer formed under these conditions was consistent with prior steam oxidation tests on high-purity bulk SiC. Upon reducing the presence volatile impurities from the test environment (particularly Al) by conducting the tests inside a zirconia furnace, melting of the silica layer at 1700 [degrees]C was avoided. JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials AU - Terrani, Kurt A AU - Silva, Chinthaka M AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA, terranika@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/05// PY - 2015 DA - May 2015 SP - 160 EP - 165 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 460 SN - 0022-3115, 0022-3115 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Silica KW - Furnaces KW - Fuels KW - High temperature KW - Oxidation KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Radioactive materials KW - Particulates KW - Coatings KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1687665418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.atitle=High+temperature+steam+oxidation+of+SiC+coating+layer+of+TRISO+fuel+particles&rft.au=Terrani%2C+Kurt+A%3BSilva%2C+Chinthaka+M&rft.aulast=Terrani&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.volume=460&rft.issue=&rft.spage=160&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.issn=00223115&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jnucmat.2015.02.022 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silica; Furnaces; High temperature; Fuels; Radioactive materials; Nuclear fuels; Oxidation; Particulates; Coatings DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.02.022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perceptions of risk among households in two Australian coastal communities AN - 1683080726; 4675572 AB - There is limited knowledge of risk perceptions in coastal communities despite their vulnerability to a range of risks including the impacts of climate change. A survey of 400 households in two Australian coastal communities, combined with semi-structured interviews, provides insight into household perceptions of the relative importance of climatic and non-climatic risks and the subsequent risk priorities that may inform household adaptive action. In contrast to previous research, the results demonstrated that geographic location and household characteristics might not affect perceptions of vulnerability to environmental hazards. However, past experience was a significant influence, raising the priority of environmental concerns. Overall, the results highlight the priority concerns of coastal households (from finance, to health and environment) and suggest to increase the profile of climate issues in coastal communities climate change strategies need to better demonstrate links between climate vulnerability and other household concerns. Furthermore, promoting generic capacities in isolation from understanding the context in which households construe climate risks is unlikely to yield the changes required to decrease the vulnerability of coastal communities. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishers JF - Geographical research AU - Thomsen, Dana C AU - Preston, Benjamin L AU - Elrick-Barr, Carmen E AU - Smith, Timothy F AD - University of the Sunshine Coast ; Oak Ridge National Laboratory Y1 - 2015/05// PY - 2015 DA - May 2015 SP - 145 EP - 159 VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 1745-5863, 1745-5863 KW - Economics KW - Community KW - Coastal areas KW - Perception KW - Households KW - Climate change KW - Australia KW - Demonstrations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1683080726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geographical+research&rft.atitle=Perceptions+of+risk+among+households+in+two+Australian+coastal+communities&rft.au=Thomsen%2C+Dana+C%3BPreston%2C+Benjamin+L%3BElrick-Barr%2C+Carmen+E%3BSmith%2C+Timothy+F&rft.aulast=Thomsen&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geographical+research&rft.issn=17455863&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F1745-5871.12106 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-26 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-26 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 9382; 6040 5676; 3415 9634; 2603; 2427 2431 7197 8560 9511 4309 10738 12092; 2382 2381 8560 9511 4309 4313; 34 309 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12106 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site-directed mutagenesis of HgcA and HgcB reveals amino acid residues important for mercury methylation. AN - 1672604737; 25724962 AB - Methylmercury is a potent neurotoxin that is produced by anaerobic microorganisms from inorganic mercury by a recently discovered pathway. A two-gene cluster, consisting of hgcA and hgcB, encodes two of the proteins essential for this activity. hgcA encodes a corrinoid protein with a strictly conserved cysteine proposed to be the ligand for cobalt in the corrinoid cofactor, whereas hgcB encodes a ferredoxin-like protein thought to be an electron donor to HgcA. Deletion of either gene eliminates mercury methylation by the methylator Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND132. Here, site-directed mutants of HgcA and HgcB were constructed to determine amino acid residues essential for mercury methylation. Mutations of the strictly conserved residue Cys93 in HgcA, the proposed ligand for the corrinoid cobalt, to Ala or Thr completely abolished the methylation capacity, but a His substitution produced measurable methylmercury. Mutations of conserved amino acids near Cys93 had various impacts on the methylation capacity but showed that the structure of the putative "cap helix" region harboring Cys93 is crucial for methylation function. In the ferredoxin-like protein HgcB, only one of two conserved cysteines found at the C terminus was necessary for methylation, but either cysteine sufficed. An additional, strictly conserved cysteine, Cys73, was also determined to be essential for methylation. This study supports the previously predicted importance of Cys93 in HgcA for methylation of mercury and reveals additional residues in HgcA and HgcB that facilitate the production of this neurotoxin. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Smith, Steven D AU - Bridou, Romain AU - Johs, Alexander AU - Parks, Jerry M AU - Elias, Dwayne A AU - Hurt, Richard A AU - Brown, Steven D AU - Podar, Mircea AU - Wall, Judy D AD - Biochemistry Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA. ; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. ; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. ; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. ; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. ; Biochemistry Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA wallj@missouri.edu. Y1 - 2015/05/01/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 May 01 SP - 3205 EP - 3217 VL - 81 IS - 9 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - Mutant Proteins KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutant Proteins -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Conserved Sequence KW - Mutant Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Amino Acids -- genetics KW - Amino Acids -- metabolism KW - Desulfovibrio desulfuricans -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Mercury -- metabolism KW - Desulfovibrio desulfuricans -- enzymology KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- metabolism KW - Desulfovibrio desulfuricans -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1672604737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Site-directed+mutagenesis+of+HgcA+and+HgcB+reveals+amino+acid+residues+important+for+mercury+methylation.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Steven+D%3BBridou%2C+Romain%3BJohs%2C+Alexander%3BParks%2C+Jerry+M%3BElias%2C+Dwayne+A%3BHurt%2C+Richard+A%3BBrown%2C+Steven+D%3BPodar%2C+Mircea%3BWall%2C+Judy+D&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=1098-5336&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.00217-15 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2015-12-21 N1 - Date created - 2015-04-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014 Oct;80(20):6517-26 [25107983] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Apr 3;109(14):5235-40 [22431597] Structure. 2000 Aug 15;8(8):817-30 [10997901] Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2001 Jun;5(3):302-7 [11479122] Acc Chem Res. 2001 Aug;34(8):681-9 [11513576] Biopolymers. 2002 Aug 5;64(4):189-97 [12115136] Biochemistry. 2002 Aug 13;41(32):10287-96 [12162744] Annu Rev Biochem. 2003;72:209-47 [14527323] Protein Eng. 2003 Sep;16(9):637-9 [14560048] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1967 Sep 7;28(5):815-20 [4861258] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] Biochemistry. 1973 Apr 24;12(9):1802-8 [4699238] Science. 1974 Mar 15;183(4129):1049-52 [4812035] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4350-4 [388439] Anal Biochem. 1981 Apr;112(2):195-203 [6266278] Biochimie. 1982 Jul;64(7):503-7 [7126685] J Biol Chem. 1987 Oct 15;262(29):14289-97 [2821001] J Mol Biol. 1991 Apr 5;218(3):499-503 [2016741] J Biol Chem. 1991 Nov 15;266(32):21563-71 [1657971] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jan;59(1):290-5 [8439155] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Apr;60(4):1342-6 [8017921] Eur J Biochem. 1995 Aug 15;232(1):192-205 [7556151] Nature. 2012 Apr 12;484(7393):265-9 [22419154] Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Jul;40(Web Server issue):W281-7 [22638583] J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Oct 31;134(43):17945-54 [23051056] Science. 2013 Mar 15;339(6125):1332-5 [23393089] Environ Sci Technol. 2013 May 21;47(10):4967-83 [23590191] Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Oct 15;47(20):11810-20 [24024607] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013 Oct;79(20):6325-30 [23934484] Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1079:117-29 [24170398] Inorg Chem. 2014 Jan 21;53(2):772-7 [24377658] Chem Res Toxicol. 2014 Feb 17;27(2):254-64 [24397474] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014 May;80(9):2874-9 [24584244] Nature. 2014 Aug 7;512(7512):65-8 [25100482] FEBS Lett. 1996 Jun 24;389(1):25-31 [8682198] Annu Rev Biochem. 1997;66:269-313 [9242908] J Mol Biol. 1998 Apr 3;277(3):683-706 [9533888] J Mol Biol. 1998 Dec 11;284(4):1165-75 [9837734] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Sep 26;103(39):14331-6 [16983091] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Oct 16;104(42):16586-91 [17901207] Extremophiles. 2008 May;12(3):431-9 [18317684] Vitam Horm. 2008;79:293-324 [18804699] J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 9;284(2):938-44 [19004822] J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 23;284(4):2285-95 [19043046] Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010 Jan;12(1):53-91 [19634988] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Aug;76(16):5500-9 [20581180] Met Ions Life Sci. 2010;7:365-401 [20877813] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Jun;77(12):3938-51 [21515733] J Mol Biol. 2011 Aug 5;411(1):96-109 [21640123] Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Sep 15;45(18):7693-700 [21875053] Methods Mol Biol. 2012;852:51-9 [22328425] Environ Microbiol Rep. 2014 Oct;6(5):441-7 [25646534] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00217-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prismatic VHTR neutronic benchmark problems AN - 1701120438; PQ0001643381 AB - This paper aims to fill an apparent scarcity of benchmarks based on high temperature gas-cooled reactors. Within is a description of a whole prismatic VHTR core in its full heterogeneity and modeling using continuous energy nuclear data at a representative hot operating temperature. Also included is a core which has been simplified for ease in modeling while attempting to preserve as faithfully as possible the neutron physics of the core. Fuel and absorber pins have been homogenized from the particle level, however, the blocks which construct the core remain strongly heterogeneous. A six group multigroup (discrete energy) cross section set has been developed via Monte Carlo using the original heterogeneous core as a basis. Several configurations of the core have been solved using these two cross section sets; eigenvalue results, block-averaged power results, and some selected pin fission density results are presented in this paper, along with the six-group cross section data, so that method developers may use these problems as a standard reference point. JF - Nuclear Engineering and Design AU - Connolly, Kevin John AU - Rahnema, Farzad AU - Tsvetkov, Pavel V AD - Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Programs, George W. Woodruff School, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Oak Ridge National Laboratory Y1 - 2015/04/15/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Apr 15 SP - 207 EP - 240 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 285 SN - 0029-5493, 0029-5493 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Energy use KW - Nuclear power generation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Mathematical models KW - Density KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Benchmarking KW - Cross sections UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1701120438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Engineering+and+Design&rft.atitle=Prismatic+VHTR+neutronic+benchmark+problems&rft.au=Connolly%2C+Kevin+John%3BRahnema%2C+Farzad%3BTsvetkov%2C+Pavel+V&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2015-04-15&rft.volume=285&rft.issue=&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nuclear+Engineering+and+Design&rft.issn=00295493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.nucengdes.2014.11.044 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-07 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.11.044 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evidence for Bolgiano-Obukhov scaling in rotating stratified turbulence using high-resolution direct numerical simulations T2 - 2015 European Geosciences Union General Assembly AN - 1684412858; 6346911 JF - 2015 European Geosciences Union General Assembly AU - Rosenberg, Duane AU - Pouquet, Annick AU - Marino, Raffaele AU - Mininni, Pablo Y1 - 2015/04/12/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Apr 12 KW - Mathematical models KW - Simulation KW - Turbulence KW - Scaling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1684412858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2015+European+Geosciences+Union+General+Assembly&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+Bolgiano-Obukhov+scaling+in+rotating+stratified+turbulence+using+high-resolution+direct+numerical+simulations&rft.au=Rosenberg%2C+Duane%3BPouquet%2C+Annick%3BMarino%2C+Raffaele%3BMininni%2C+Pablo&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Duane&rft.date=2015-04-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2015+European+Geosciences+Union+General+Assembly&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/egu2015/meetingprogramme LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-29 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-01 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Accelerating climate simulation analytics via multilevel aggregation and synthesis T2 - 2015 European Geosciences Union General Assembly AN - 1684399299; 6345593 JF - 2015 European Geosciences Union General Assembly AU - Anantharaj, Valentine AU - Ravindran, Krishnaraj AU - Gunasekaran, Raghul AU - Vazhkudai, Sudharshan AU - Butt, Ali Y1 - 2015/04/12/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Apr 12 KW - Climate KW - Simulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1684399299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2015+European+Geosciences+Union+General+Assembly&rft.atitle=Accelerating+climate+simulation+analytics+via+multilevel+aggregation+and+synthesis&rft.au=Anantharaj%2C+Valentine%3BRavindran%2C+Krishnaraj%3BGunasekaran%2C+Raghul%3BVazhkudai%2C+Sudharshan%3BButt%2C+Ali&rft.aulast=Anantharaj&rft.aufirst=Valentine&rft.date=2015-04-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2015+European+Geosciences+Union+General+Assembly&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/egu2015/meetingprogramme LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-29 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-01 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The many meanings of gross photosynthesis and their implication for photosynthesis research from leaf to globe T2 - 2015 European Geosciences Union General Assembly AN - 1684398271; 6344367 JF - 2015 European Geosciences Union General Assembly AU - Gu, Lianghong AU - Wohlfahrt, Georg Y1 - 2015/04/12/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Apr 12 KW - Photosynthesis KW - Leaves UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1684398271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2015+European+Geosciences+Union+General+Assembly&rft.atitle=The+many+meanings+of+gross+photosynthesis+and+their+implication+for+photosynthesis+research+from+leaf+to+globe&rft.au=Gu%2C+Lianghong%3BWohlfahrt%2C+Georg&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=Lianghong&rft.date=2015-04-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2015+European+Geosciences+Union+General+Assembly&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/egu2015/meetingprogramme LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-29 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-01 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatiotemporal dynamics of wetted soils across a polar desert landscape AN - 1846413055; PQ0003866078 AB - Liquid water is scarce across the landscape of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), Antarctica, a 3800 km super(2) ice-free region, and is chiefly associated with soils that are adjacent to streams and lakes (i.e. wetted margins) during the annual thaw season. However, isolated wetted soils have been observed at locations distal from water bodies. The source of water for the isolated patches of wet soil is potentially generated by a combination of infiltration from melting snowpacks, melting of pore ice at the ice table, and melting of buried segregation ice formed during winter freezing. High resolution remote sensing data gathered several times per summer in the MDV region were used to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of wet soils. The spatial consistency with which the wet soils occurred was assessed for the 2009-10 to 2011-12 summers. The remote sensing analyses reveal that cumulative area and number of wet soil patches varies among summers. The 2010-11 summer provided the most wetted soil area (10.21 km super(2)) and 2009-10 covered the least (5.38 km super(2)). These data suggest that wet soils are a significant component of the MDV cold desert land system and may become more prevalent as regional climate changes. JF - Antarctic Science AU - Langford, Zachary L AU - Gooseff, Michael N AU - Lampkin, Derrick J AD - Computer Science and Mathematics Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6301, USA, zach@climatemodeling.org Y1 - 2015/04// PY - 2015 DA - April 2015 SP - 197 EP - 209 PB - Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU United Kingdom VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0954-1020, 0954-1020 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Remote Sensing KW - Snowpack KW - Antarctica, Victoria Land, McMurdo Dry Valley KW - Ecological distribution KW - Remote sensing KW - Freshwater KW - Streams KW - Melting KW - Lakes KW - Soils KW - Temporal Distribution KW - Ice KW - Temporal distribution KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - PS, Antarctica KW - Lake ice KW - Deserts KW - Infiltration KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09182:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1846413055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antarctic+Science&rft.atitle=Spatiotemporal+dynamics+of+wetted+soils+across+a+polar+desert+landscape&rft.au=Langford%2C+Zachary+L%3BGooseff%2C+Michael+N%3BLampkin%2C+Derrick+J&rft.aulast=Langford&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antarctic+Science&rft.issn=09541020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FS0954102014000601 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lakes; Lake ice; Temporal distribution; Deserts; Ecological distribution; Climate; Soils; Remote sensing; Streams; Snowpack; Remote Sensing; Melting; Ice; Climates; Infiltration; Temporal Distribution; PS, Antarctica; Antarctica, Victoria Land, McMurdo Dry Valley; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954102014000601 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Petalite under pressure; elastic behavior and phase stability AN - 1686058221; 2015-052263 AB - The lithium aluminosilicate mineral petalite (LiAlSi (sub 4) O (sub 10) ) has been studied with high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction (HP-XRD) up to 5 GPa. Petalite undergoes two fully reversible pressure-induced first-order phase transitions, not previously reported in the literature, at ca. 1.5 and 2.5 GPa. The first of these transforms the low-pressure alpha -phase of petalite (P2/c) to an intermediate beta '-phase that then fully converts to the high-pressure beta -phase at ca. 2.5 GPa. The alpha --> beta transition is isomorphic and is associated with tripling of the unit-cell volume. Analysis of the HP-XRD data show that although the fundamental features of the petalite structure are retained through this transition, there are subtle alterations in the internal structure of the silicate double-layers in the beta -phase relative to the alpha -phase. Measurement of the unit-cell parameters of petalite as a function of pressure, and fitting of the data with third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, has provided revised elastic constants for petalite. The bulk moduli of the alpha - and beta -phases are 49(1) and 35(3) GPa, respectively. These values indicate that the compressibility of the alpha -phase of petalite lies between those of the alkali feldpsars and alkali feldspathoids, whereas the beta -phase has a compressibility more comparable with layered silicates. Structure analysis has shown that the compression of the alpha -phase is facilitated by the rigid body movement of the Si (sub 2) O (sub 7) units from which the silicate double-layers are constructed. JF - American Mineralogist AU - Ross, Nancy L AU - Zhao, Jing AU - Slebodnick, Carla AU - Spencer, Elinor C AU - Chakoumakos, Bryan C Y1 - 2015/04// PY - 2015 DA - April 2015 SP - 714 EP - 721 PB - Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC VL - 100 IS - 4 SN - 0003-004X, 0003-004X KW - silicates KW - pressure KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - lithium KW - elastic properties KW - petalite KW - alkali metals KW - unit cell KW - stability KW - phase transitions KW - elastic constants KW - high pressure KW - single-crystal method KW - aluminosilicates KW - metals KW - sheet silicates KW - lattice parameters KW - equations of state KW - feldspathoids KW - 17B:Geophysics of minerals and rocks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686058221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Mineralogist&rft.atitle=Petalite+under+pressure%3B+elastic+behavior+and+phase+stability&rft.au=Ross%2C+Nancy+L%3BZhao%2C+Jing%3BSlebodnick%2C+Carla%3BSpencer%2C+Elinor+C%3BChakoumakos%2C+Bryan+C&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Mineralogist&rft.issn=0003004X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2138%2Fam-2015-5105 L2 - http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/TOC/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Abstract, copyright, Mineralogical Society of America | Reference includes data from GeoScienceWorld, Alexandria, VA, United States N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-05 N1 - CODEN - AMMIAY N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - alkali metals; aluminosilicates; elastic constants; elastic properties; equations of state; feldspathoids; high pressure; lattice parameters; lithium; metals; petalite; phase transitions; pressure; sheet silicates; silicates; single-crystal method; stability; unit cell; X-ray diffraction data DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-5105 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting long-term carbon sequestration in response to CO sub(2) enrichment: How and why do current ecosystem models differ? AN - 1683357144; PQ0001586817 AB - Large uncertainty exists in model projections of the land carbon (C) sink response to increasing atmospheric CO sub(2). Free-Air CO sub(2) Enrichment (FACE) experiments lasting a decade or more have investigated ecosystem responses to a step change in atmospheric CO sub(2) concentration. To interpret FACE results in the context of gradual increases in atmospheric CO sub(2) over decades to centuries, we used a suite of seven models to simulate the Duke and Oak Ridge FACE experiments extended for 300years of CO sub(2) enrichment. We also determine key modeling assumptions that drive divergent projections of terrestrial C uptake and evaluate whether these assumptions can be constrained by experimental evidence. All models simulated increased terrestrial C pools resulting from CO sub(2) enrichment, though there was substantial variability in quasi-equilibrium C sequestration and rates of change. In two of two models that assume that plant nitrogen (N) uptake is solely a function of soil N supply, the net primary production response to elevated CO sub(2) became progressively N limited. In four of five models that assume that N uptake is a function of both soil N supply and plant N demand, elevated CO sub(2) led to reduced ecosystem N losses and thus progressively relaxed nitrogen limitation. Many allocation assumptions resulted in increased wood allocation relative to leaves and roots which reduced the vegetation turnover rate and increased C sequestration. In addition, self-thinning assumptions had a substantial impact on C sequestration in two models. Accurate representation of N process dynamics (in particular N uptake), allocation, and forest self-thinning is key to minimizing uncertainty in projections of future C sequestration in response to elevated atmospheric CO sub(2). Key Points * Ecosystem C sequestration responses to elevated CO sub(2) were simulated by seven models * C sequestration variability was driven first by NPP and second by turnover * Progressive N limitation depended on time scale and model N uptake assumptions JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles AU - Walker, Anthony P AU - Zaehle, Sonke AU - Medlyn, Belinda E AU - De Kauwe, Martin G AU - Asao, Shinichi AU - Hickler, Thomas AU - Parton, William AU - Ricciuto, Daniel M AU - Wang, Ying-Ping AU - Warlind, David AU - Norby, Richard J AD - Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Y1 - 2015/04// PY - 2015 DA - April 2015 SP - 476 EP - 495 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United States VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0886-6236, 0886-6236 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Variability KW - Ecosystems KW - Sinks KW - Roots KW - Forests KW - Primary production KW - Ecosystem models KW - Models KW - Soil KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Ecosystems models KW - Carbon KW - Soils KW - Absorption KW - Enrichment KW - Modelling KW - Biogeochemistry KW - Leaves KW - Wood KW - Vegetation KW - Current prediction KW - Hardwood KW - USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge KW - Plants KW - Uptake KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Carbon Dioxide KW - Nitrogen KW - Q2 09262:Methods and instruments KW - SW 0810:General KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04030:Models, Methods, Remote Sensing KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1683357144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.atitle=Predicting+long-term+carbon+sequestration+in+response+to+CO+sub%282%29+enrichment%3A+How+and+why+do+current+ecosystem+models+differ%3F&rft.au=Walker%2C+Anthony+P%3BZaehle%2C+Sonke%3BMedlyn%2C+Belinda+E%3BDe+Kauwe%2C+Martin+G%3BAsao%2C+Shinichi%3BHickler%2C+Thomas%3BParton%2C+William%3BRicciuto%2C+Daniel+M%3BWang%2C+Ying-Ping%3BWarlind%2C+David%3BNorby%2C+Richard+J&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=476&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Biogeochemical+Cycles&rft.issn=08866236&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2014GB004995 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Biogeochemistry; Soils; Forests; Uptake; Carbon dioxide; Current prediction; Primary production; Modelling; Soil; Leaves; Vegetation; Roots; Ecosystem models; Models; Nitrogen; Ecosystems models; Carbon sequestration; Plants; Wood; Variability; Ecosystems; Absorption; Sinks; Enrichment; Hardwood; Carbon Dioxide; USA, Tennessee, Oak Ridge DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004995 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Highly dispersed buckybowls as model carbocatalysts for C-H bond activation AN - 1680447214; PQ0001430723 AB - Fullerene-derived buckybowl fractions dispersed on mesoporous silica constitute an ideal model for studying the catalysis of graphitic forms of carbon since the dispersed carbon nanostructures contain a high ratio of edge defects and curvature induced by non-six-membered rings. Dispersion of the active centers on an easily accessible high surface area material allowed for high density of surface active sites associated with oxygenated structures. This report illustrates a facile method of creating model polycyclic aromatic nano-structures that are not only active for alkane C-H bond activation and oxidative dehydrogenation but also can be practical catalysts to be eventually used in industry. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Soykal, IIlgaz AU - Wang, Hui AU - Park, Jewook AU - Li, An-Ping AU - Liang, Chengdu AU - Schwartz, Viviane AD - Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge; 37831; TN; USA +1-865-576-1080, +1-865-576-6749; , schwartzv@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/04// PY - 2015 DA - Apr 2015 SP - 8667 EP - 8675 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 3 IS - 16 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Silica KW - Energy KW - Surface area KW - Catalysts KW - Sustainability KW - Catalysis KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1680447214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Highly+dispersed+buckybowls+as+model+carbocatalysts+for+C-H+bond+activation&rft.au=Soykal%2C+IIlgaz%3BWang%2C+Hui%3BPark%2C+Jewook%3BLi%2C+An-Ping%3BLiang%2C+Chengdu%3BSchwartz%2C+Viviane&rft.aulast=Soykal&rft.aufirst=IIlgaz&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=8667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ta00898k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silica; Surface area; Energy; Catalysts; Sustainability; Catalysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta00898k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dominating Controls for Wetter South Asian Summer Monsoon in the Twenty-First Century AN - 1676353003; PQ0001447554 AB - This paper analyzes a suite of global climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) archives to understand the mechanisms behind a net increase in the South Asian summer monsoon precipitation in response to enhanced radiative forcing during the twenty-first century. An increase in radiative forcing fuels an increase in the atmospheric moisture content through warmer temperatures, which overwhelms the weakening of monsoon circulation and results in an increase of moisture convergence and therefore summer monsoon precipitation over South Asia. Moisture source analysis suggests that both regional (local recycling, the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal) and remote (including the south Indian Ocean) sources contribute to the moisture supply for precipitation over South Asia during the summer season that is facilitated by the monsoon dynamics. For regional moisture sources, the effect of excessive atmospheric moisture is offset by weaker monsoon circulation and uncertainty in the response of the evapotranspiration over land, so anomalies in their contribution to the total moisture supply are either mixed or muted. In contrast, weakening of the monsoon dynamics has less influence on the moisture supply from remote sources that not only is a dominant moisture contributor in the historical period but is also the net driver of the positive summer monsoon precipitation response in the twenty-first century. The results also indicate that historic measures of the monsoon dynamics may not be well suited to predict the nonstationary moisture-driven South Asian summer monsoon precipitation response in the twenty-first century. JF - Journal of Climate AU - Mei, Rui AU - Ashfaq, Moetasim AU - Rastogi, Deeksha AU - Leung, LRuby AU - Dominguez, Francina AD - Computer Science and Mathematics Division, and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee Y1 - 2015/04// PY - 2015 DA - April 2015 SP - 3400 EP - 3419 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 28 IS - 8 SN - 0894-8755, 0894-8755 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Climate models KW - Climate variability KW - ISW, South Indian Ocean KW - Moisture KW - ISW, Arabian Sea KW - Fuels KW - Recycling KW - Radiative forcing KW - Convergence KW - INW, Asia KW - Ocean-atmosphere system KW - Seasonal variability KW - Archives KW - Fuel KW - Summer monsoon KW - Climates KW - Climate KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Precipitation KW - Water content KW - ISW, Bangladesh, Bengal Bay KW - Model Studies KW - Global climate KW - Oceans KW - Monsoon circulation KW - Atmospheric forcing KW - Moisture Content KW - Monsoons KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 556.13:Evaporation/Evapotranspiration (556.13) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1676353003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Climate&rft.atitle=Dominating+Controls+for+Wetter+South+Asian+Summer+Monsoon+in+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.au=Mei%2C+Rui%3BAshfaq%2C+Moetasim%3BRastogi%2C+Deeksha%3BLeung%2C+LRuby%3BDominguez%2C+Francina&rft.aulast=Mei&rft.aufirst=Rui&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3400&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Climate&rft.issn=08948755&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2FJCLI-D-14-00355.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fuels; Atmospheric forcing; Climate; Ocean-atmosphere system; Evapotranspiration; Archives; Water content; Monsoons; Global climate; Summer monsoon; Climate models; Radiative forcing; Convergence; Monsoon circulation; Seasonal variability; Precipitation; Moisture; Oceans; Climates; Moisture Content; Recycling; Fuel; Model Studies; ISW, South Indian Ocean; ISW, Arabian Sea; INW, Asia; ISW, Bangladesh, Bengal Bay DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00355.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microtopographic and depth controls on active layer chemistry in Arctic polygonal ground AN - 1703689886; 2015-078635 AB - Polygonal ground is a signature characteristic of Arctic lowlands, and carbon release from permafrost thaw can alter feedbacks to Arctic ecosystems and climate. This study describes the first comprehensive spatial examination of active layer biogeochemistry that extends across high- and low-centered, ice wedge polygons, their features, and with depth. Water chemistry measurements of 54 analytes were made on surface and active layer pore waters collected near Barrow, Alaska, USA. Significant differences were observed between high- and low-centered polygons suggesting that polygon types may be useful for landscape-scale geochemical classification. However, differences were found for polygon features (centers and troughs) for analytes that were not significant for polygon type, suggesting that finer-scale features affect biogeochemistry differently from polygon types. Depth variations were also significant, demonstrating important multidimensional aspects of polygonal ground biogeochemistry. These results have major implications for understanding how polygonal ground ecosystems function, and how they may respond to future change. Abstract Copyright (2015), . American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. JF - Geophysical Research Letters AU - Newman, B D AU - Throckmorton, H M AU - Graham, D E AU - Gu, B AU - Hubbard, S S AU - Liang, L AU - Wu, Y AU - Heikoop, J M AU - Herndon, E M AU - Phelps, T J AU - Wilson, C J AU - Wullschleger, S D Y1 - 2015/03/28/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Mar 28 SP - 1808 EP - 1817 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0094-8276, 0094-8276 KW - United States KW - permafrost KW - North Slope KW - periglacial features KW - ice wedges KW - thawing KW - climate change KW - Barrow Alaska KW - topography KW - climate effects KW - Alaska KW - glacial geology KW - geomorphology KW - active layer KW - patterned ground KW - polygons KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1703689886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Microtopographic+and+depth+controls+on+active+layer+chemistry+in+Arctic+polygonal+ground&rft.au=Newman%2C+B+D%3BThrockmorton%2C+H+M%3BGraham%2C+D+E%3BGu%2C+B%3BHubbard%2C+S+S%3BLiang%2C+L%3BWu%2C+Y%3BHeikoop%2C+J+M%3BHerndon%2C+E+M%3BPhelps%2C+T+J%3BWilson%2C+C+J%3BWullschleger%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2015-03-28&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1808&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.issn=00948276&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2F2014GL062804 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291944-8007/issues LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-13 N1 - CODEN - GPRLAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - active layer; Alaska; Barrow Alaska; climate change; climate effects; geomorphology; glacial geology; ice wedges; North Slope; patterned ground; periglacial features; permafrost; polygons; thawing; topography; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062804 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of Environment on the Oxidation Behavior of Commercial and Model Ni-Base Alloys T2 - 2015 International Annual Conference and Exposition of National Association of Corrosion Engineering (CORROSION 2015) AN - 1684407569; 6349303 JF - 2015 International Annual Conference and Exposition of National Association of Corrosion Engineering (CORROSION 2015) AU - Pint, Bruce Y1 - 2015/03/15/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Mar 15 KW - Oxidation KW - Alloys KW - alloys KW - Environmental factors KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1684407569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2015+International+Annual+Conference+and+Exposition+of+National+Association+of+Corrosion+Engineering+%28CORROSION+2015%29&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Environment+on+the+Oxidation+Behavior+of+Commercial+and+Model+Ni-Base+Alloys&rft.au=Pint%2C+Bruce&rft.aulast=Pint&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2015+International+Annual+Conference+and+Exposition+of+National+Association+of+Corrosion+Engineering+%28CORROSION+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://corrosionfp.epubxp.com/t/165607-corrosion-2015-final-program LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-29 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-01 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of Cast Alumina-Forming Austenitic Stainless Steel Alloys for Use in High-Temperature Process Environments T2 - 2015 International Annual Conference and Exposition of National Association of Corrosion Engineering (CORROSION 2015) AN - 1684407319; 6349298 JF - 2015 International Annual Conference and Exposition of National Association of Corrosion Engineering (CORROSION 2015) AU - Pint, Bruce AU - Yamamoto, Yukinori AU - Brady, Michael AU - Voke, Donald AU - Pankiw, Roman AU - Muralidharan, Govindarajan Y1 - 2015/03/15/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Mar 15 KW - Stainless steel KW - Alloys KW - alloys KW - Steel KW - stainless steel UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1684407319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2015+International+Annual+Conference+and+Exposition+of+National+Association+of+Corrosion+Engineering+%28CORROSION+2015%29&rft.atitle=Development+of+Cast+Alumina-Forming+Austenitic+Stainless+Steel+Alloys+for+Use+in+High-Temperature+Process+Environments&rft.au=Pint%2C+Bruce%3BYamamoto%2C+Yukinori%3BBrady%2C+Michael%3BVoke%2C+Donald%3BPankiw%2C+Roman%3BMuralidharan%2C+Govindarajan&rft.aulast=Pint&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2015+International+Annual+Conference+and+Exposition+of+National+Association+of+Corrosion+Engineering+%28CORROSION+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://corrosionfp.epubxp.com/t/165607-corrosion-2015-final-program LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-29 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-01 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A Comparison of the C-Ring Test and the Jones Test as Standard Practice Test Methods for Studying Stress Corrosion Cracking in Ferritic Steels T2 - 2015 International Annual Conference and Exposition of National Association of Corrosion Engineering (CORROSION 2015) AN - 1684403885; 6349450 JF - 2015 International Annual Conference and Exposition of National Association of Corrosion Engineering (CORROSION 2015) AU - Thomson, Jeff Y1 - 2015/03/15/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Mar 15 KW - Stress corrosion KW - Corrosion KW - Stress KW - Steel UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1684403885?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2015+International+Annual+Conference+and+Exposition+of+National+Association+of+Corrosion+Engineering+%28CORROSION+2015%29&rft.atitle=A+Comparison+of+the+C-Ring+Test+and+the+Jones+Test+as+Standard+Practice+Test+Methods+for+Studying+Stress+Corrosion+Cracking+in+Ferritic+Steels&rft.au=Thomson%2C+Jeff&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2015+International+Annual+Conference+and+Exposition+of+National+Association+of+Corrosion+Engineering+%28CORROSION+2015%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://corrosionfp.epubxp.com/t/165607-corrosion-2015-final-program LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-29 N1 - Last updated - 2015-06-01 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid imbibition of water in fractures within unsaturated sedimentary rock AN - 1832612155; 724790-8 AB - The spontaneous imbibition of water and other liquids into gas-filled fractures in variably-saturated porous media is important in a variety of engineering and geological contexts. However, surprisingly few studies have investigated this phenomenon. We present a theoretical framework for predicting the 1-dimensional movement of water into air-filled fractures within a porous medium based on early-time capillary dynamics and spreading over the rough surfaces of fracture faces. The theory permits estimation of sorptivity values for the matrix and fracture zone, as well as a dispersion parameter which quantifies the extent of spreading of the wetting front. Quantitative data on spontaneous imbibition of water in unsaturated Berea sandstone cores were acquired to evaluate the proposed model. The cores with different permeability classes ranging from 50 to 500 mD and were fractured using the Brazilian method. Spontaneous imbibition in the fractured cores was measured by dynamic neutron radiography at the Neutron Imaging Prototype Facility (beam line CG-1D, HFIR), Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Water uptake into both the matrix and the fracture zone exhibited square-root-of-time behavior. The matrix sorptivities ranged from 2.9 to 4.6 mm s (super -0.5) , and increased linearly as the permeability class increased. The sorptivities of the fracture zones ranged from 17.9 to 27.1 mm s (super -0.5) , and increased linearly with increasing fracture aperture width. The dispersion coefficients ranged from 23.7 to 66.7 mm (super 2) s (super -1) and increased linearly with increasing fracture aperture width and damage zone width. Both theory and observations indicate that fractures can significantly increase spontaneous imbibition in unsaturated sedimentary rock by capillary action and surface spreading on rough fracture faces. Fractures also increase the dispersion of the wetting front. Further research is needed to investigate this phenomenon in other natural and engineered porous media. Abstract Copyright (2015) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Advances in Water Resources AU - Cheng, C L AU - Perfect, E AU - Donnelly, B AU - Bilheux, H Z AU - Tremsin, A S AU - McKay, L D AU - DiStefano, V H AU - Cai, J C AU - Santodonato, L J Y1 - 2015/03// PY - 2015 DA - March 2015 SP - 82 EP - 89 PB - Elsevier, Oxford VL - 77 SN - 0309-1708, 0309-1708 KW - imbibition KW - fractured materials KW - saturation KW - Paleozoic KW - roughness KW - Berea Sandstone KW - neutron radiographs KW - fluid flow KW - capillarity KW - 21:Hydrogeology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832612155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.atitle=Rapid+imbibition+of+water+in+fractures+within+unsaturated+sedimentary+rock&rft.au=Cheng%2C+C+L%3BPerfect%2C+E%3BDonnelly%2C+B%3BBilheux%2C+H+Z%3BTremsin%2C+A+S%3BMcKay%2C+L+D%3BDiStefano%2C+V+H%3BCai%2C+J+C%3BSantodonato%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+Water+Resources&rft.issn=03091708&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.advwatres.2015.01.010 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03091708 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Berea Sandstone; capillarity; fluid flow; fractured materials; imbibition; neutron radiographs; Paleozoic; roughness; saturation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.01.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An enhanced droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling system coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS for spatially resolved analysis AN - 1746896365; PQ0001483213 AB - Droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for spatially resolved analysis provides the possibility of effective analysis of complex matrix samples and can provide a greater degree of chemical information from a single spot sample than is typically possible with a direct analysis of an extract. Described here is the setup and enhanced capabilities of a discrete droplet liquid microjunction surface sampling system employing a commercially available CTC PAL autosampler. The system enhancements include incorporation of a laser distance sensor enabling unattended analysis of samples and sample locations of dramatically disparate height as well as reliably dispensing just 0.5 mu L of extraction solvent to make the liquid junction to the surface, wherein the extraction spot size was confined to an area about 0.7 mm in diameter; software modifications improving the spatial resolution of sampling spot selection from 1.0 to 0.1 mm; use of an open bed tray system to accommodate samples as large as whole-body rat thin tissue sections; and custom sample/solvent holders that shorten sampling time to approximately 1 min per sample. The merit of these new features was demonstrated by spatially resolved sampling, HPLC separation, and mass spectral detection of pharmaceuticals and metabolites from whole-body rat thin tissue sections and razor blade ("crude") cut mouse tissue. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] JF - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry AU - Kertesz, Vilmos AU - Weiskittel, Taylor M AU - Berkel, Gary J AD - Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA, kerteszv@ornl.gov PY - 2015 SP - 2117 EP - 2125 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Berlin/Heidelberg Germany VL - 407 IS - 8 SN - 1618-2642, 1618-2642 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Sensors KW - Solvents KW - Metabolites KW - Liquid Chromatography KW - Lasers KW - Sampling KW - Ionization KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - SW 0810:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1746896365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+and+Bioanalytical+Chemistry&rft.atitle=An+enhanced+droplet-based+liquid+microjunction+surface+sampling+system+coupled+with+HPLC-ESI-MS%2FMS+for+spatially+resolved+analysis&rft.au=Kertesz%2C+Vilmos%3BWeiskittel%2C+Taylor+M%3BBerkel%2C+Gary+J&rft.aulast=Kertesz&rft.aufirst=Vilmos&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=407&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+and+Bioanalytical+Chemistry&rft.issn=16182642&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00216-014-8287-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mass Spectrometry; Sensors; Solvents; Liquid Chromatography; Metabolites; Lasers; Sampling; Ionization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8287-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insights from 20 years of bacterial genome sequencing AN - 1673391451; PQ0001352048 AB - Since the first two complete bacterial genome sequences were published in 1995, the science of bacteria has dramatically changed. Using third-generation DNA sequencing, it is possible to completely sequence a bacterial genome in a few hours and identify some types of methylation sites along the genome as well. Sequencing of bacterial genome sequences is now a standard procedure, and the information from tens of thousands of bacterial genomes has had a major impact on our views of the bacterial world. In this review, we explore a series of questions to highlight some insights that comparative genomics has produced. To date, there are genome sequences available from 50 different bacterial phyla and 11 different archaeal phyla. However, the distribution is quite skewed towards a few phyla that contain model organisms. But the breadth is continuing to improve, with projects dedicated to filling in less characterized taxonomic groups. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system provides bacteria with immunity against viruses, which outnumber bacteria by tenfold. How fast can we go? Second-generation sequencing has produced a large number of draft genomes (close to 90 % of bacterial genomes in GenBank are currently not complete); third-generation sequencing can potentially produce a finished genome in a few hours, and at the same time provide methlylation sites along the entire chromosome. The diversity of bacterial communities is extensive as is evident from the genome sequences available from 50 different bacterial phyla and 11 different archaeal phyla. Genome sequencing can help in classifying an organism, and in the case where multiple genomes of the same species are available, it is possible to calculate the pan- and core genomes; comparison of more than 2000 Escherichia coli genomes finds an E. coli core genome of about 3100 gene families and a total of about 89,000 different gene families. Why do we care about bacterial genome sequencing? There are many practical applications, such as genome-scale metabolic modeling, biosurveillance, bioforensics, and infectious disease epidemiology. In the near future, high-throughput sequencing of patient metagenomic samples could revolutionize medicine in terms of speed and accuracy of finding pathogens and knowing how to treat them. JF - Functional & Integrative Genomics AU - Land, Miriam AU - Hauser, Loren AU - Jun, Se-Ran AU - Nookaew, Intawat AU - Leuze, Michael R AU - Ahn, Tae-Hyuk AU - Karpinets, Tatiana AU - Lund, Ole AU - Kora, Guruprased AU - Wassenaar, Trudy AU - Poudel, Suresh AU - Ussery, David W AD - Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA, usserydw@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/03// PY - 2015 DA - Mar 2015 SP - 141 EP - 161 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 1438-793X, 1438-793X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Pathogens KW - Immunity KW - Gene families KW - Models KW - Chromosomes KW - DNA sequencing KW - Infectious diseases KW - Epidemiology KW - Escherichia coli KW - DNA methylation KW - genomics KW - Methylation KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - N 14820:DNA Metabolism & Structure KW - G 07770:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673391451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Functional+%26+Integrative+Genomics&rft.atitle=Insights+from+20+years+of+bacterial+genome+sequencing&rft.au=Land%2C+Miriam%3BHauser%2C+Loren%3BJun%2C+Se-Ran%3BNookaew%2C+Intawat%3BLeuze%2C+Michael+R%3BAhn%2C+Tae-Hyuk%3BKarpinets%2C+Tatiana%3BLund%2C+Ole%3BKora%2C+Guruprased%3BWassenaar%2C+Trudy%3BPoudel%2C+Suresh%3BUssery%2C+David+W&rft.aulast=Land&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Functional+%26+Integrative+Genomics&rft.issn=1438793X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10142-015-0433-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 167 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA sequencing; Chromosomes; Epidemiology; Infectious diseases; Nucleotide sequence; DNA methylation; Immunity; genomics; Pathogens; Gene families; Methylation; Models; Bacteria; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10142-015-0433-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advancing polymers of intrinsic microporosity by mechanochemistry AN - 1673382779; PQ0001298491 AB - Herein, we report a fast (15 min) and solvent-free mechanochemical approach to construct polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) with high molecular mass and low polydispersity by solid grinding. The enhanced reaction efficiency results from the instantaneous frictional heating and continuous exposure of active sites within those solid reactants. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Zhang, Pengfei AU - Jiang, Xueguang AU - Wan, Shun AU - Dai, Sheng AD - Chemical Sciences Division; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge; TN 37831; USA; , chemistryzpf@163.com Y1 - 2015/03// PY - 2015 DA - Mar 2015 SP - 6739 EP - 6741 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 3 IS - 13 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Energy KW - Polymers KW - Sustainability KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673382779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Advancing+polymers+of+intrinsic+microporosity+by+mechanochemistry&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Pengfei%3BJiang%2C+Xueguang%3BWan%2C+Shun%3BDai%2C+Sheng&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Pengfei&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=6739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc4ta07196d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy; Polymers; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta07196d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risks to global biodiversity fromfossil-fuel production exceed those from biofuel production AN - 1668257976; PQ0001248918 AB - Potential global biodiversity impacts from near-term gasoline production are compared to biofuel, a renewable liquid transportation fuel expected to substitute for gasoline in the near term (i.e.,from now until c. 2030). Petroleum exploration activities are projected to extend across more than 5.8billion ha of land and ocean worldwide (of which 3.1 billion is on land), much of which is in remote, fragile terrestrial ecosystems or off-shore oil fields that would remain relatively undisturbed if not for interest in fossil fuel production. Future biomass production for biofuels is projected to fall within 2.0 billion ha of land, most of which is located in areas already impacted by human activities. A comparison of likely fuel-source areas to the geospatial distribution of species reveals that both energy sources overlap with areas with high species richness and large numbers of threatened species. At the global scale, future petroleum production areas intersect more than double the area and a higher total number of threatened species than future biofuel production. Energy options should be developed to optimize provisioning of ecosystem services while minimizing negative effects, which requires information about potential impacts on critical resources. Energy conservation and identifying and effectively protecting habitats with high-conservation value are critical first steps toward protecting biodiversity under any fuel production scenario. Published in 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Dale, Virginia H AU - Parish, Esther S AU - Kline, Keith L AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA. PY - 2015 SP - 177 EP - 189 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Environment Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Gasoline KW - Fuels KW - Biological diversity KW - Biodiversity KW - Refining KW - Energy sources KW - Oil KW - Transportation KW - Petroleum KW - Exploration KW - Species richness KW - Fossil fuels KW - Energy conservation KW - Threatened species KW - Habitat KW - Biomass KW - Terrestrial ecosystems KW - Energy KW - Oceans KW - Oil fields KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1668257976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Risks+to+global+biodiversity+fromfossil-fuel+production+exceed+those+from+biofuel+production&rft.au=Dale%2C+Virginia+H%3BParish%2C+Esther+S%3BKline%2C+Keith+L&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1528 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fossil fuels; Gasoline; Fuels; Energy conservation; Biodiversity; Refining; Biomass; Habitat; Oil; Terrestrial ecosystems; Petroleum; Oceans; Exploration; Biofuels; Species richness; Fuel technology; Biological diversity; Threatened species; Energy sources; Transportation; Energy; Oil fields DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1528 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Climate adaptation heuristics and the science/policy divide AN - 1660388314; PQ0001104667 AB - The adaptation science enterprise has expanded rapidly in recent years, presumably in response to growth in demand for knowledge that can facilitate adaptation policy and practice. However, evidence suggests such investments in adaptation science have not necessarily translated into adaptation implementation. One potential constraint on adaptation may be the underlying heuristics that are used as the foundation for both adaptation research and practice. Here, we explore the adaptation academic literature with the objective of identifying adaptation heuristics, assessing the extent to which they have become entrenched within the adaptation discourse, and discussing potential weaknesses in their framing that could undermine adaptation efforts. This investigation is supported by a multi-method analysis that includes both a quantitative content analysis of the adaptation literature that evidences the use of adaptation heuristics and a qualitative analysis of the implications of such heuristics for enhancing or hindering the implementation of adaptation. Results demonstrate that a number of heuristic devices are commonly used in both the peer-reviewed adaptation literature as well as within grey literature designed to inform adaptation practitioners. Furthermore, the apparent lack of critical reflection upon the robustness of these heuristics for diverse contexts may contribute to potential cognitive bias with respect to the framing of adaptation by both researchers and practitioners. We discuss this phenomenon by drawing upon heuristic-analytic theory, which has explanatory utility in understanding both the origins of such heuristics as well as the measures that can be pursued toward the co-generation of more robust approaches to adaptation problem-solving. JF - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change AU - Preston, Benjamin L AU - Mustelin, Johanna AU - Maloney, Megan C AD - Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Building 2040, MS-6301, One Bethel Valley Road, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6253, USA, prestonbl@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/03// PY - 2015 DA - March 2015 SP - 467 EP - 497 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 1381-2386, 1381-2386 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Adaptability KW - Public policy and climate KW - Cogeneration KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.5:General (551.5) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660388314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mitigation+and+Adaptation+Strategies+for+Global+Change&rft.atitle=Climate+adaptation+heuristics+and+the+science%2Fpolicy+divide&rft.au=Preston%2C+Benjamin+L%3BMustelin%2C+Johanna%3BMaloney%2C+Megan+C&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mitigation+and+Adaptation+Strategies+for+Global+Change&rft.issn=13812386&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11027-013-9503-x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 210 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public policy and climate; Qualitative analysis; Adaptability; Cogeneration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9503-x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perrhenate incorporation into binary mixed sodalites; the role of anion size and implications for technetium-99 sequestration AN - 1707521266; 2015-084062 AB - Perrhenate (ReO (sub 4) (super -) ), as a TcO (sub 4) (super -) analogue, was incorporated into mixed-anion sodalites from binary solutions containing ReO (sub 4) (super -) and a competing anion X (super n-) (Cl (super -) , CO (sub 3) (super 2-) , SO (sub 4) (super 2-) , MnO (sub 4) (super -) , or WO (sub 4) (super 2-) ). Our objective was to determine the extent of solid solution formation and the dependence of competing ion selectivity on ion size. Using equivalent aqueous concentrations of the anions (ReO (sub 4) (super -) /X (super n-) molar ratio = 1:1), we synthesized mixed-anion sodalites from zeolite and NaOH at 90 degrees C for 96 h. The resulting solids were characterized by bulk chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to determine crystal structure, chemical composition, morphology, and rhenium (Re) oxidation state. Rhenium in the solid phase occurred predominately as Re(VII)O (sub 4) (super -) in the sodalites, which have a primitive cubic pattern in the space group P43n. The refined unit-cell parameters of the mixed sodalites ranged from 8.88 to 9.15 Aa and showed a linear dependence on the size and mole fraction of the incorporated anion(s). The ReO (sub 4) (super -) selectivity, represented by its distribution coefficient (K (sub d) ), increased in the following order: Cl (super -) < NO (sub 3) (super -) < MnO (sub 4) (super -) and CO (sub 3) (super 2-) < SO (sub 4) (super 2-) < WO (sub 4) (super 2-) for the monovalent and divalent anions, respectively. The relationship between the ReO (sub 4) (super -) distribution coefficient and competing anion size was nonlinear. When the difference in ionic radius (DIR) between ReO (sub 4) (super -) and X (super n-) (n = 1 or 2) was greater than approximately 12%, then ReO (sub 4) (super -) incorporation into sodalite was insignificant. The results imply that anion size is the major factor that determines sodalite anion compositions. Given the similarity in chemical behavior and anion size, ReO (sub 4) (super -) serves as a suitable analogue for TcO (sub 4) (super -) under oxidizing conditions where both elements are expected to remain as oxyanions in the + 7 oxidation state. Abstract Copyright (2015) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Chemical Geology AU - Dickson, Johnbull O AU - Harsh, James B AU - Lukens, Wayne W AU - Pierce, Eric M Y1 - 2015/02/24/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Feb 24 SP - 138 EP - 143 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 395 SN - 0009-2541, 0009-2541 KW - silicates KW - hazardous waste KW - X-ray diffraction data KW - isotopes KW - mass spectra KW - radioactive waste KW - XANES spectra KW - radioactive isotopes KW - sodalite group KW - framework silicates KW - spectra KW - technetium KW - pollutants KW - pollution KW - electron microscopy data KW - Tc-99 KW - solid solution KW - X-ray spectra KW - ICP mass spectra KW - metals KW - sodalite KW - waste disposal KW - crystal chemistry KW - SEM data KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1707521266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Geology&rft.atitle=Perrhenate+incorporation+into+binary+mixed+sodalites%3B+the+role+of+anion+size+and+implications+for+technetium-99+sequestration&rft.au=Dickson%2C+Johnbull+O%3BHarsh%2C+James+B%3BLukens%2C+Wayne+W%3BPierce%2C+Eric+M&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Johnbull&rft.date=2015-02-24&rft.volume=395&rft.issue=&rft.spage=138&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Geology&rft.issn=00092541&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chemgeo.2014.12.009 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00092541 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-27 N1 - CODEN - CHGEAD N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - crystal chemistry; electron microscopy data; framework silicates; hazardous waste; ICP mass spectra; isotopes; mass spectra; metals; pollutants; pollution; radioactive isotopes; radioactive waste; SEM data; silicates; sodalite; sodalite group; solid solution; spectra; Tc-99; technetium; waste disposal; X-ray diffraction data; X-ray spectra; XANES spectra DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Algorithmically scalable block preconditioner for fully implicit shallow-water equations in CAM-SE AN - 1832637739; 741119-4 AB - Performing accurate and efficient numerical simulation of global atmospheric climate models is challenging due to the disparate length and time scales over which physical processes interact. Implicit solvers enable the physical system to be integrated with a time step commensurate with processes being studied. The dominant cost of an implicit time step is the ancillary linear system solves, so we have developed a preconditioner aimed at improving the efficiency of these linear system solves. Our preconditioner is based on an approximate block factorization of the linearized shallow-water equations and has been implemented within the spectral element dynamical core within the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM-SE). In this paper, we discuss the development and scalability of the preconditioner for a suite of test cases with the implicit shallow-water solver within CAM-SE. Copyright 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland JF - Computational Geosciences AU - Lott, P Aaron AU - Woodward, Carol S AU - Evans, Katherine J Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - February 2015 SP - 49 EP - 61 PB - Springer, Dordrecht VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 1420-0597, 1420-0597 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832637739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computational+Geosciences&rft.atitle=Algorithmically+scalable+block+preconditioner+for+fully+implicit+shallow-water+equations+in+CAM-SE&rft.au=Lott%2C+P+Aaron%3BWoodward%2C+Carol+S%3BEvans%2C+Katherine+J&rft.aulast=Lott&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computational+Geosciences&rft.issn=14200597&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10596-014-9447-6 L2 - http://www.springerlink.com/content/101744/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by Springer Verlag, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10596-014-9447-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Separating snow, clean and debris covered ice in the upper Indus Basin, Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalayas, using Landsat images between 1998 and 2002 AN - 1692744504; 2015-060096 AB - The Hindukush Karakoram Himalayan mountains contain some of the largest glaciers of the world, and supply melt water from perennial snow and glaciers to the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) upstream of Tarbela dam, which constitutes greater than 80% of the annual flows, and caters to the needs of millions of people in the Indus Basin. It is therefore important to study the response of perennial snow and glaciers in the UIB under changing climatic conditions, using improved hydrological modeling, glacier mass balance, and observations of glacier responses. However, the available glacier inventories and datasets only provide total perennial-snow and glacier cover areas, despite the fact that snow, clean ice and debris covered ice have different melt rates and densities. This distinction is vital for improved hydrological modeling and mass balance studies. This study, therefore, presents a separated perennial snow and glacier inventory (perennial snow-cover on steep slopes, perennial snow-covered ice, clean and debris covered ice) based on a semi-automated method that combines Landsat images and surface slope information in a supervised maximum likelihood classification to map distinct glacier zones, followed by manual post processing. The accuracy of the presented inventory falls well within the accuracy limits of available snow and glacier inventory products. For the entire UIB, estimates of perennial and/or seasonal snow on steep slopes, snow-covered ice, clean and debris covered ice zones are 7238 + or - 724, 5226 + or - 522, 4695 + or - 469 and 2126 + or - 212 km (super 2) respectively. Thus total snow and glacier cover is 19,285 + or - 1928 km (super 2) , out of which 12,075 + or - 1207 km (super 2) is glacier cover (excluding steep slope snow-cover). Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) estimates based on the Snow Line Elevation (SLE) in various watersheds range between 4800 and 5500 m, while the Accumulation Area Ratio (AAR) ranges between 7% and 80%. 0 degrees C isotherms during peak ablation months (July and August) range between approximately 5500 and 6200 m in various watersheds. These outputs can be used as input to hydrological models, to estimate spatially-variable degree day factors for hydrological modeling, to separate glacier and snow-melt contributions in river flows, and to study glacier mass balance, and glacier responses to changing climate. Abstract Copyright (2015) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Journal of Hydrology AU - Khan, Asif AU - Naz, Bibi S AU - Bowling, Laura C Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - February 2015 SP - 46 EP - 64 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 521 SN - 0022-1694, 0022-1694 KW - imagery KW - upper Indus Basin KW - ice cover KW - atmospheric precipitation KW - accumulation area ratio KW - digital terrain models KW - climate change KW - relief KW - Karakoram KW - hypsometry KW - AVHRR KW - debris KW - topography KW - Earth Observing System KW - Indian Peninsula KW - mass balance KW - ice KW - snow KW - Himalayas KW - ASTER instrument KW - Asia KW - climate KW - Indus Basin KW - snow line KW - Shuttle Imaging Radar KW - elevation KW - Hindu Kush KW - glaciers KW - satellite methods KW - models KW - Landsat KW - streamflow KW - isotherms KW - inventory KW - Tarbela Dam KW - SPOT KW - remote sensing KW - MODIS KW - meltwater KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1692744504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.atitle=Separating+snow%2C+clean+and+debris+covered+ice+in+the+upper+Indus+Basin%2C+Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalayas%2C+using+Landsat+images+between+1998+and+2002&rft.au=Khan%2C+Asif%3BNaz%2C+Bibi+S%3BBowling%2C+Laura+C&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Asif&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=521&rft.issue=&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hydrology&rft.issn=00221694&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2014.11.048 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 118 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-19 N1 - CODEN - JHYDA7 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accumulation area ratio; Asia; ASTER instrument; atmospheric precipitation; AVHRR; climate; climate change; debris; digital terrain models; Earth Observing System; elevation; glaciers; Himalayas; Hindu Kush; hypsometry; ice; ice cover; imagery; Indian Peninsula; Indus Basin; inventory; isotherms; Karakoram; Landsat; mass balance; meltwater; models; MODIS; relief; remote sensing; satellite methods; Shuttle Imaging Radar; snow; snow line; SPOT; streamflow; Tarbela Dam; topography; upper Indus Basin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.11.048 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Projecting changes in annual hydropower generation using regional runoff data: An assessment of the United States federal hydropower plants AN - 1680437856; PQ0001470818 AB - Federal hydropower plants account for approximately half of installed US conventional hydropower capacity, and are an important part of the national renewable energy portfolio. Utilizing the strong linear relationship between the US Geological Survey WaterWatch runoff and annual hydropower generation, a runoff-based assessment approach is introduced in this study to project changes in annual and regional hydropower generation in multiple power marketing areas. Future climate scenarios are developed with a series of global and regional climate models, and the model output is bias-corrected to be consistent with observed data for the recent past. Using this approach, the median change in annual generation at federal projects is projected to be -2 TWh, with an estimated ensemble uncertainty of + or -9 TWh. Although these estimates are similar to the recently observed variability in annual hydropower generation, and may therefore appear to be manageable, significantly seasonal runoff changes are projected and it may pose significant challenges in water systems with higher limits on reservoir storage and operational flexibility. Future assessments will be improved by incorporating next-generation climate models, by closer examination of extreme events and longer-term change, and by addressing the interactions among hydropower and other water uses. JF - Energy AU - Kao, Shih-Chieh AU - Sale, Michael J AU - Ashfaq, Moetasim AU - Martinez, Rocio Uria AU - Kaiser, Dale P AU - Wei, Yaxing AU - Diffenbaugh, Noah S AD - Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, kaos@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/02/01/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Feb 01 SP - 239 EP - 250 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 80 SN - 0360-5442, 0360-5442 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Climate change KW - Hydropower KW - Water availability KW - Hydroelectric power KW - Storage KW - Water use KW - USA KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Renewable energy KW - Energy KW - Portfolios KW - Geological surveys KW - Marketing KW - Seasonal variations KW - Reservoirs KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1680437856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy&rft.atitle=Projecting+changes+in+annual+hydropower+generation+using+regional+runoff+data%3A+An+assessment+of+the+United+States+federal+hydropower+plants&rft.au=Kao%2C+Shih-Chieh%3BSale%2C+Michael+J%3BAshfaq%2C+Moetasim%3BMartinez%2C+Rocio+Uria%3BKaiser%2C+Dale+P%3BWei%2C+Yaxing%3BDiffenbaugh%2C+Noah+S&rft.aulast=Kao&rft.aufirst=Shih-Chieh&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy&rft.issn=03605442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.energy.2014.11.066 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Water use; Sulfur dioxide; Energy; Renewable energy; Hydroelectric power; Geological surveys; Portfolios; Marketing; Reservoirs; Seasonal variations; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.066 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation effects in concrete for nuclear power plants, Part II: Perspective from micromechanical modeling AN - 1677967248; PQ0001360498 AB - The need to understand and characterize the effects of neutron irradiation on concrete has become urgent because of the possible extension of service life of many nuclear power generating stations. Current knowledge is primarily based on a collection of data obtained in test reactors. These data are inherently difficult to interpret because materials and testing conditions are inconsistent. A micromechanical approach based on the Hashin composite sphere model is presented to derive a first-order separation of the effects of radiation on cement paste and aggregate, and, also, on their interaction. Although the scarcity of available data limits the validation of the model, it appears that, without negating a possible gamma-ray induced effect, the neutron-induced damage and swelling of aggregate plays a predominant role on the overall concrete expansion and the damage of the cement paste. The radiation-induced volumetric expansion (RIVE) effects can also be aided by temperature elevation and shrinkage in the cement paste. JF - Nuclear Engineering and Design AU - Le Pape, Y AU - Field, K G AU - Remec, I AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6148, United States lepapeym@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - Feb 2015 SP - 144 EP - 157 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 282 SN - 0029-5493, 0029-5493 KW - Ceramic Abstracts/World Ceramics Abstracts (WC); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Engineered Materials Abstracts, Ceramics (EC); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Pastes KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear power generation KW - Damage KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Cements KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Concretes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677967248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Engineering+and+Design&rft.atitle=Radiation+effects+in+concrete+for+nuclear+power+plants%2C+Part+II%3A+Perspective+from+micromechanical+modeling&rft.au=Le+Pape%2C+Y%3BField%2C+K+G%3BRemec%2C+I&rft.aulast=Le+Pape&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nuclear+Engineering+and+Design&rft.issn=00295493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.nucengdes.2014.10.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 67 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-07 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.10.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation effects in concrete for nuclear power plants - Part I: Quantification of radiation exposure and radiation effects AN - 1677960016; PQ0001360497 AB - A large fraction of light water reactor (LWR) construction utilizes concrete, including safety-related structures such as the biological shielding and containment building. Concrete is an inherently complex material, with the properties of concrete structures changing over their lifetime due to the intrinsic nature of concrete and influences from local environment. As concrete structures within LWRs age, the total neutron fluence exposure of the components, in particular the biological shield, can increase to levels where deleterious effects are introduced as a result of neutron irradiation. This work summarizes the current state of the art on irradiated concrete, including a review of the current literature and estimates the total neutron fluence expected in biological shields in typical LWR configurations. It was found a first-order mechanism for loss of mechanical properties of irradiated concrete is due to radiation-induced swelling of aggregates, which leads to volumetric expansion of the concrete. This phenomena is estimated to occur near the end of life of biological shield components in LWRs based on calculations of estimated peak neutron fluence in the shield after 80 years of operation. JF - Nuclear Engineering and Design AU - Field, K G AU - Remec, I AU - Le Pape, Y AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6136, United States fieldkg@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - Feb 2015 SP - 126 EP - 143 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 282 SN - 0029-5493, 0029-5493 KW - Ceramic Abstracts/World Ceramics Abstracts (WC); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Engineered Materials Abstracts, Ceramics (EC); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear power generation KW - Shields KW - Concrete structures KW - Biological KW - Fluence KW - Light water reactors KW - Concretes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677960016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Engineering+and+Design&rft.atitle=Radiation+effects+in+concrete+for+nuclear+power+plants+-+Part+I%3A+Quantification+of+radiation+exposure+and+radiation+effects&rft.au=Field%2C+K+G%3BRemec%2C+I%3BLe+Pape%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nuclear+Engineering+and+Design&rft.issn=00295493&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.nucengdes.2014.10.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 98 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-07 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.10.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prospects for reducing the processing cost of lithium ion batteries AN - 1677908359; PQ0001285634 AB - A detailed processing cost breakdown is given for lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes, which focuses on: 1) elimination of toxic, costly N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) dispersion chemistry; 2) doubling the thicknesses of the anode and cathode to raise energy density; and 3) reduction of the anode electrolyte wetting and SEI-layer formation time. These processing cost reduction technologies generically adaptable to any anode or cathode cell chemistry and are being implemented at ORNL This paper shows step by step how these cost savings can be realized in existing or new LIB manufacturing plants using a baseline case of thin (power) electrodes produced with NMP processing and a standard 10-14-day wetting and formation process. In particular, it is shown that aqueous electrode processing can cut the electrode processing cost and energy consumption by an order of magnitude. Doubling the thickness of the electrodes allows for using half of the inactive current collectors and separators, contributing even further to the processing cost savings. Finally wetting and SEI-layer formation cost savings are discussed in the context of a protocol with significantly reduced time. These three benefits collectively offer the possibility of reducing LIB pack cost from $502.8 kW h super(-1)-usable to $370.3 kW h super(-1)-usable, a savings of $132.5/kWh (or 26.4%). JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Wood, David L, III AU - Li, Jianlin AU - Daniel, Claus AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Energy & Transportation Science Division, One Bethel Valley Road, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA wooddl@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/02/01/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Feb 01 SP - 234 EP - 242 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 275 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Lithium-ion battery KW - Cost reduction study KW - Electrode processing KW - Aqueous colloidal chemistry KW - Thick electrodes KW - Formation cycle KW - Cathodes KW - Cost engineering KW - Formations KW - Wetting KW - Electrodes KW - Anodes KW - Reduction (electrolytic) KW - Lithium batteries KW - Energy density UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677908359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Prospects+for+reducing+the+processing+cost+of+lithium+ion+batteries&rft.au=Wood%2C+David+L%2C+III%3BLi%2C+Jianlin%3BDaniel%2C+Claus&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=275&rft.issue=&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2014.11.019 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-07 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progress on matrix SiC processing and properties for fully ceramic microencapsulated fuel form AN - 1673384859; PQ0001285543 AB - The consolidation mechanism and resulting properties of the silicon carbide (SiC) matrix of fully ceramic microencapsulated (FCM) fuel form are discussed. The matrix is produced via the nano-infiltration transient eutectic-forming (NITE) process. Coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, and strength characteristics of this SiC matrix have been characterized in the unirradiated state. An ad hoc methodology for estimation of thermal conductivity of the neutron-irradiated NITE-SiC matrix is also provided to aid fuel performance modeling efforts specific to this concept. Finally, specific processing methods developed for production of an optimal and reliable fuel form using this process are summarized. These various sections collectively report the progress made to date on production of optimal FCM fuel form to enable its application in light water and advanced reactors. JF - Journal of Nuclear Materials AU - Terrani, K A AU - Kiggans, J O AU - Silva, C M AU - Shih, C AU - Katoh, Y AU - Snead, L L AD - Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, terranika@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - Feb 2015 SP - 9 EP - 17 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 457 SN - 0022-3115, 0022-3115 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Ceramics KW - Silicon KW - Thermal expansion KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Thermal conductivity KW - Fuels KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Radioactive materials KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673384859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.atitle=Progress+on+matrix+SiC+processing+and+properties+for+fully+ceramic+microencapsulated+fuel+form&rft.au=Terrani%2C+K+A%3BKiggans%2C+J+O%3BSilva%2C+C+M%3BShih%2C+C%3BKatoh%2C+Y%3BSnead%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Terrani&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=457&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Nuclear+Materials&rft.issn=00223115&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jnucmat.2014.10.034 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 37 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ceramics; Silicon; Nuclear reactors; Thermal expansion; Thermal conductivity; Fuels; Radioactive materials; Nuclear fuels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.034 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How oxidation and dissolution in diabase and granite control porosity during weathering AN - 1664439470; 2015-026583 AB - Weathering extends to shallower depths on diabase than granite ridgetops despite similar climate and geomorphological regimes of denudation in the Virginia (United States) Piedmont. Deeper weathering has been attributed to advective transport of solutes in granitic rock compared to diffusive transport in diabase. We use neutron scattering (NS) techniques to quantify the total and connected submillimeter porosity (nominal diameters between 1 nm and 10 mu m) and specific surface area (SSA) during weathering. The internal surface of each unweathered rock is characterized as both a mass fractal and a surface fractal. The mass fractal describes the distribution of pores ( approximately 300 nm to approximately 5 mu m) along grain boundaries and triple junctions. The surface fractal is interpreted as the distribution of smaller features (1-300 nm), that is, the bumps (or irregularities) at the grain-pore interface. The earliest porosity development in the granite is driven by microfracturing of biotite, which leads to the introduction of fluids that initiate dissolution of other silicates. Once plagioclase weathering begins, porosity increases significantly and the mass + surface fractal typical for unweathered granite transforms to a surface fractal as infiltration of fluids continues. In contrast, the mass + surface fractal does not transform to a surface fractal during weathering of the diabase, perhaps consistent with the interpretation that solute transport is dominated by diffusion in that rock. The difference in regolith thickness between granite and diabase is likely due to the different mechanisms of solute transport across the primary silicate reaction front. JF - Soil Science Society of America Journal AU - Bazilevskaya, Ekaterina AU - Rother, Gernot AU - Mildner, David F R AU - Pavich, Milan AU - Cole, David AU - Bhatt, Maya P AU - Jin, Lixin AU - Steefel, Carl I AU - Brantley, Susan L Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - February 2015 SP - 55 EP - 73 PB - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 0361-5995, 0361-5995 KW - tomography KW - silicates KW - calcium KW - neutron methods KW - granites KW - mechanism KW - Appalachians KW - plutonic rocks KW - neutron scattering KW - weathered materials KW - Fairfax County Virginia KW - framework silicates KW - North America KW - chemical weathering KW - plagioclase KW - Virginia KW - Quaternary KW - electron microscopy data KW - X-ray spectra KW - porosity KW - depth KW - EDS spectra KW - saprolite KW - parent materials KW - upper Holocene KW - feldspar group KW - SEM data KW - United States KW - solute transport KW - magnesium KW - igneous rocks KW - solution KW - Holocene KW - modern KW - Cenozoic KW - major elements KW - transport KW - denudation KW - reactive transport KW - spectra KW - mass transfer KW - alkaline earth metals KW - oxidation KW - alkali metals KW - fluid flow KW - sodium KW - advection KW - weathering KW - focused ion beam KW - metals KW - infiltration KW - sulfur KW - wave dispersion KW - computed tomography data KW - diabase KW - Piedmont KW - 23:Geomorphology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664439470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.atitle=How+oxidation+and+dissolution+in+diabase+and+granite+control+porosity+during+weathering&rft.au=Bazilevskaya%2C+Ekaterina%3BRother%2C+Gernot%3BMildner%2C+David+F+R%3BPavich%2C+Milan%3BCole%2C+David%3BBhatt%2C+Maya+P%3BJin%2C+Lixin%3BSteefel%2C+Carl+I%3BBrantley%2C+Susan+L&rft.aulast=Bazilevskaya&rft.aufirst=Ekaterina&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Soil+Science+Society+of+America+Journal&rft.issn=03615995&rft_id=info:doi/10.2136%2Fsssaj2014.04.0135 L2 - https://www.soils.org/publications/sssaj LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 64 N1 - PubXState - WI N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 6 tables, geol. sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - CODEN - SSSJD4 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - advection; alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; Appalachians; calcium; Cenozoic; chemical weathering; computed tomography data; denudation; depth; diabase; EDS spectra; electron microscopy data; Fairfax County Virginia; feldspar group; fluid flow; focused ion beam; framework silicates; granites; Holocene; igneous rocks; infiltration; magnesium; major elements; mass transfer; mechanism; metals; modern; neutron methods; neutron scattering; North America; oxidation; parent materials; Piedmont; plagioclase; plutonic rocks; porosity; Quaternary; reactive transport; saprolite; SEM data; silicates; sodium; solute transport; solution; spectra; sulfur; tomography; transport; United States; upper Holocene; Virginia; wave dispersion; weathered materials; weathering; X-ray spectra DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2014.04.0135 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Community Analysis of Plant Biomass-Degrading Microorganisms from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park AN - 1660434849; PQ0001029593 AB - The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels can potentially be improved by employing robust microorganisms and enzymes that efficiently deconstruct plant polysaccharides at elevated temperatures. Many of the geothermal features of Yellowstone National Park (YNP) are surrounded by vegetation providing a source of allochthonic material to support heterotrophic microbial communities adapted to utilize plant biomass as a primary carbon and energy source. In this study, a well-known hot spring environment, Obsidian Pool (OBP), was examined for potential biomass-active microorganisms using cultivation-independent and enrichment techniques. Analysis of 33,684 archaeal and 43,784 bacterial quality-filtered 16S rRNA gene pyrosequences revealed that archaeal diversity in the main pool was higher than bacterial; however, in the vegetated area, overall bacterial diversity was significantly higher. Of notable interest was a flooded depression adjacent to OBP supporting a stand of Juncus tweedyi, a heat-tolerant rush commonly found growing near geothermal features in YNP. The microbial community from heated sediments surrounding the plants was enriched in members of the Firmicutes including potentially (hemi)cellulolytic bacteria from the genera Clostridium, Anaerobacter, Caloramator, Caldicellulosiruptor, and Thermoanaerobacter. Enrichment cultures containing model and real biomass substrates were established at a wide range of temperatures (55-85 degree C). Microbial activity was observed up to 80 degree C on all substrates including Avicel, xylan, switchgrass, and Populus sp. Independent of substrate, Caloramator was enriched at lower (65 degree C) temperatures. JF - Microbial Ecology AU - Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A AU - Hamilton-Brehm, Scott D AU - Podar, Mircea AU - Mosher, Jennifer J AU - Palumbo, Anthony V AU - Phelps, Tommy J AU - Keller, Martin AU - Elkins, James G AD - BioEnergy Science Center, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA, elkinsjg@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - February 2015 SP - 333 EP - 345 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 69 IS - 2 SN - 0095-3628, 0095-3628 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Ecology Abstracts KW - Clostridium KW - Cellulolytic bacteria KW - Populus KW - National parks KW - Genetic diversity KW - Hot springs KW - Cell culture KW - Polysaccharides KW - Carbon KW - Substrate preferences KW - Juncus tweedyi KW - Caldicellulosiruptor KW - Temperature effects KW - Depression KW - Aquatic plants KW - Vegetation KW - Enzymes KW - Firmicutes KW - Thermoanaerobacter KW - Biomass KW - Sediments KW - Dominant species KW - Xylan KW - USA, Wyoming, Yellowstone Natl. Park, Obsidian Pool KW - Energy KW - Energy resources KW - Obsidian KW - Plant communities KW - Microorganisms KW - rRNA 16S KW - Biofuels KW - Q1 08463:Habitat community studies KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - A 01390:Forestry KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660434849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Ecology&rft.atitle=Community+Analysis+of+Plant+Biomass-Degrading+Microorganisms+from+Obsidian+Pool%2C+Yellowstone+National+Park&rft.au=Vishnivetskaya%2C+Tatiana+A%3BHamilton-Brehm%2C+Scott+D%3BPodar%2C+Mircea%3BMosher%2C+Jennifer+J%3BPalumbo%2C+Anthony+V%3BPhelps%2C+Tommy+J%3BKeller%2C+Martin%3BElkins%2C+James+G&rft.aulast=Vishnivetskaya&rft.aufirst=Tatiana&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Ecology&rft.issn=00953628&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00248-014-0500-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 65 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dominant species; Substrate preferences; Energy resources; Obsidian; Aquatic plants; Microorganisms; Hot springs; Genetic diversity; Polysaccharides; Temperature effects; Depression; Cellulolytic bacteria; National parks; Enzymes; Vegetation; Cell culture; Biomass; Sediments; Carbon; Xylan; Energy; Plant communities; rRNA 16S; Biofuels; Clostridium; Populus; Juncus tweedyi; Caldicellulosiruptor; Thermoanaerobacter; Firmicutes; USA, Wyoming, Yellowstone Natl. Park, Obsidian Pool DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-014-0500-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional strategies drive community assembly of stream fishes along environmental gradients and across spatial scales AN - 1660407178; PQ0001017509 AB - Trade-offs among functional traits produce multi-trait strategies that shape species' interactions with the environment and drive the assembly of local communities from regional species pools. Stream fish communities vary along stream size gradients and among hierarchically structured habitat patches, but little is known about how the dispersion of strategies varies along environmental gradients and across spatial scales. We used null models to quantify the dispersion of reproductive life history, feeding, and locomotion strategies in communities sampled at three spatial scales in a prairie stream network in Kansas, USA. Strategies were generally underdispersed at all spatial scales, corroborating the longstanding notion of abiotic filtering in stream fish communities. We tested for variation in strategy dispersion along a gradient of stream size and between headwater streams draining different ecoregions. Reproductive life history strategies became increasingly underdispersed moving from downstream to upstream, suggesting that abiotic filtering is stronger in headwaters. This pattern was stronger among reaches compared to mesohabitats, supporting the premise that differences in hydrologic regime among reaches filter reproductive life history strategies. Feeding strategies became increasingly underdispersed moving from upstream to downstream, indicating that environmental filters associated with stream size affect the dispersion of feeding and reproductive life history in opposing ways. Weak differences in strategy dispersion were detected between ecoregions, suggesting that different abiotic filters or strategies drive community differences between ecoregions. Given the pervasiveness of multi-trait strategies in plant and animal communities, we conclude that the assessment of strategy dispersion offers a comprehensive approach for elucidating mechanisms of community assembly. JF - Oecologia AU - Troia, Matthew J AU - Gido, Keith B AD - Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA, troiamj@ornl.gov Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - February 2015 SP - 545 EP - 559 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 177 IS - 2 SN - 0029-8549, 0029-8549 KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Spatial distribution KW - Ecological distribution KW - Freshwater KW - Freshwater fish KW - Streams KW - Models KW - Pisces KW - Prairies KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Locomotion KW - Upstream KW - Downstream KW - Modelling KW - Feeding KW - USA, Kansas KW - Habitat KW - Filters KW - Life history KW - Scales KW - Stream KW - Plant communities KW - Fish KW - Local communities KW - Dispersion KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - Q1 08604:Stock assessment and management KW - ENA 21:Wildlife UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660407178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Functional+strategies+drive+community+assembly+of+stream+fishes+along+environmental+gradients+and+across+spatial+scales&rft.au=Troia%2C+Matthew+J%3BGido%2C+Keith+B&rft.aulast=Troia&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oecologia&rft.issn=00298549&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00442-014-3178-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 66 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Interspecific relationships; Locomotion; Ecological distribution; Stream; Freshwater fish; Modelling; Dispersion; Filters; Prairies; Feeding; Life history; Scales; Plant communities; Habitat; Streams; Models; Spatial distribution; Upstream; Downstream; Fish; Local communities; Pisces; USA, Kansas; Freshwater DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-3178-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stoichiometry and temperature sensitivity of methanogenesis and CO sub(2) production from saturated polygonal tundra in Barrow, Alaska AN - 1660399013; PQ0001007415 AB - Arctic permafrost ecosystems store ~50% of global belowground carbon (C) that is vulnerable to increased microbial degradation with warmer active layer temperatures and thawing of the near surface permafrost. We used anoxic laboratory incubations to estimate anaerobic CO sub(2) production and methanogenesis in active layer (organic and mineral soil horizons) and permafrost samples from center, ridge and trough positions of water-saturated low-centered polygon in Barrow Environmental Observatory, Barrow AK, USA. Methane (CH sub(4)) and CO sub(2) production rates and concentrations were determined at -2, +4, or +8 degree C for 60 day incubation period. Temporal dynamics of CO sub(2) production and methanogenesis at -2 degree C showed evidence of fundamentally different mechanisms of substrate limitation and inhibited microbial growth at soil water freezing points compared to warmer temperatures. Nonlinear regression better modeled the initial rates and estimates of Q sub(10) values for CO sub(2) that showed higher sensitivity in the organic-rich soils of polygon center and trough than the relatively drier ridge soils. Methanogenesis generally exhibited a lag phase in the mineral soils that was significantly longer at -2 degree C in all horizons. Such discontinuity in CH sub(4) production between -2 degree C and the elevated temperatures (+4 and +8 degree C) indicated the insufficient representation of methanogenesis on the basis of Q sub(10) values estimated from both linear and nonlinear models. Production rates for both CH sub(4) and CO sub(2) were substantially higher in organic horizons (20% to 40% wt. C) at all temperatures relative to mineral horizons (<20% wt. C). Permafrost horizon (~12% wt. C) produced ~5-fold less CO sub(2) than the active layer and negligible CH sub(4). High concentrations of initial exchangeable Fe(II) and increasing accumulation rates signified the role of iron as terminal electron acceptors for anaerobic C degradation in the mineral horizons. JF - Global Change Biology AU - Roy Chowdhury, Taniya AU - Herndon, Elizabeth M AU - Phelps, Tommy J AU - Elias, Dwayne A AU - Gu, Baohua AU - Liang, Liyuan AU - Wullschleger, Stan D AU - Graham, David E AD - Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, MS-6038, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - February 2015 SP - 722 EP - 737 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 1354-1013, 1354-1013 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts KW - Lag phase KW - Degradation KW - Soil temperature KW - Permafrost KW - Methanogenesis KW - Models KW - Thawing KW - Soil KW - Carbon KW - Tundra KW - Vulnerability KW - Temperature effects KW - PNW, USA, Alaska, Barrow KW - Sensitivity KW - Methane KW - Temperature KW - Freezing KW - Polar environments KW - Ridges KW - PN, Arctic KW - Freezing point KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Iron KW - Minerals KW - Soil horizons KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660399013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Stoichiometry+and+temperature+sensitivity+of+methanogenesis+and+CO+sub%282%29+production+from+saturated+polygonal+tundra+in+Barrow%2C+Alaska&rft.au=Roy+Chowdhury%2C+Taniya%3BHerndon%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BPhelps%2C+Tommy+J%3BElias%2C+Dwayne+A%3BGu%2C+Baohua%3BLiang%2C+Liyuan%3BWullschleger%2C+Stan+D%3BGraham%2C+David+E&rft.aulast=Roy+Chowdhury&rft.aufirst=Taniya&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=722&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Global+Change+Biology&rft.issn=13541013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fgcb.12762 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Lag phase; Methane; Freezing; Permafrost; Soil temperature; Methanogenesis; Thawing; Models; Carbon; Tundra; Carbon dioxide; Minerals; Iron; Soil horizons; Sensitivity; Degradation; Temperature; Polar environments; Ridges; Soil; Freezing point; Vulnerability; PN, Arctic; PNW, USA, Alaska, Barrow DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12762 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of cellulose crystallinity from powder diffraction diagrams AN - 1635015393; 21033304 AB - One-dimensional (1D) (spherically averaged) powder diffraction diagrams are commonly used to determine the degree of cellulose crystallinity in biomass samples. Here, it is shown using molecular modeling how disorder in cellulose fibrils can lead to considerable uncertainty in conclusions drawn concerning crystallinity based on 1D powder diffraction data alone. For example, cellulose microfibrils that contain both crystalline and noncrystalline segments can lead to powder diffraction diagrams lacking identifiable peaks, while microfibrils without any crystalline segments can lead to such peaks. This leads to false positives, that is, assigning disordered cellulose as crystalline, and false negatives, that is, categorizing fibrils with crystalline segments as amorphous. The reliable determination of the fraction of crystallinity in any given biomass sample will require a more sophisticated approach combining detailed experiment and simulation. copyright 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 67-73, 2015. JF - Biopolymers AU - Lindner, Benjamin AU - Petridis, Loukas AU - Langan, Paul AU - Smith, Jeremy C AD - Biosciences Division, UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Bldg. 6011, Oak Ridge, TN 37830-6309. Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - Feb 2015 SP - 67 EP - 73 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 103 IS - 2 SN - 0006-3525, 0006-3525 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Powder KW - Molecular modelling KW - Crystallinity KW - Data processing KW - Cellulose KW - Microfibrils KW - Biopolymers KW - Diffraction KW - Biomass KW - Fibrils KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1635015393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biopolymers&rft.atitle=Determination+of+cellulose+crystallinity+from+powder+diffraction+diagrams&rft.au=Lindner%2C+Benjamin%3BPetridis%2C+Loukas%3BLangan%2C+Paul%3BSmith%2C+Jeremy+C&rft.aulast=Lindner&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biopolymers&rft.issn=00063525&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbip.22555 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molecular modelling; Powder; Crystallinity; Data processing; Cellulose; Biopolymers; Microfibrils; Diffraction; Biomass; Fibrils DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.22555 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - North America's net terrestrial CO2 exchange with the atmosphere 1990-2009 AN - 1660413363; PQ0001010622 AB - Scientific understanding of the global carbon cycle is required for developing national and international policy to mitigate fossil fuel CO2 emissions by managing terrestrial carbon uptake. Toward that understanding and as a contribution to the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP) project, this paper provides a synthesis of net land-atmosphere CO2 exchange for North America (Canada, United States, and Mexico) over the period 1990-2009. Only CO2 is considered, not methane or other greenhouse gases. This synthesis is based on results from three different methods: atmospheric inversion, inventory-based methods and terrestrial biosphere modeling. All methods indicate that the North American land surface was a sink for atmospheric CO2, with a net transfer from atmosphere to land. Estimates ranged from -890 to -280 Tg C yr-1, where the mean of atmospheric inversion estimates forms the lower bound of that range (a larger land sink) and the inventory-based estimate using the production approach the upper (a smaller land sink). This relatively large range is due in part to differences in how the approaches represent trade, fire and other disturbances and which ecosystems they include. Integrating across estimates, "best" estimates (i.e., measures of central tendency) are -472 plus or minus 281 Tg C yr-1 based on the mean and standard deviation of the distribution and -360 Tg C yr-1 (with an interquartile range of -496 to -337) based on the median. Considering both the fossil fuel emissions source and the land sink, our analysis shows that North America was, however, a net contributor to the growth of CO2 in the atmosphere in the late 20th and early 21st century. With North America's mean annual fossil fuel CO2 emissions for the period 1990-2009 equal to 1720 Tg C yr-1 and assuming the estimate of -472 Tg C yr-1 as an approximation of the true terrestrial CO2 sink, the continent's source : sink ratio for this time period was 1720:472, or nearly 4:1. JF - Biogeosciences AU - King, A W AU - Andres, R J AU - Davis, K J AU - Hafer, M AU - Hayes, D J AU - Huntzinger, D N AU - de Jong, B AU - Kurz, W A AU - McGuire, A D AU - Vargas, R AD - Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA Y1 - 2015/01/21/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jan 21 SP - 399 EP - 414 PB - European Geosciences Union, c/o E.O.S.T. Strasbourg Cedex 67084 France VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1726-4170, 1726-4170 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Trade KW - Ecosystems KW - Biosphere KW - Atmosphere KW - Emissions KW - Carbon dioxide emissions KW - Methane KW - Fires KW - Fossil fuels KW - Carbon cycle KW - Inversions KW - International policy KW - USA KW - Mexico KW - Standard deviation KW - Canada KW - Inversion KW - Uptake KW - Land-atmosphere interaction KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Greenhouse gases KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - M2 551.510.3/.4:Physical Properties/Composition (551.510.3/.4) KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660413363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeosciences&rft.atitle=North+America%27s+net+terrestrial+CO2+exchange+with+the+atmosphere+1990-2009&rft.au=King%2C+A+W%3BAndres%2C+R+J%3BDavis%2C+K+J%3BHafer%2C+M%3BHayes%2C+D+J%3BHuntzinger%2C+D+N%3Bde+Jong%2C+B%3BKurz%2C+W+A%3BMcGuire%2C+A+D%3BVargas%2C+R&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2015-01-21&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeosciences&rft.issn=17264170&rft_id=info:doi/10.5194%2Fbg-12-399-2015 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Methane; Standard deviation; Fossil fuels; Inversion; Carbon cycle; Biosphere; Greenhouse gases; Carbon dioxide; Atmosphere; Ecosystems; Land-atmosphere interaction; Carbon dioxide emissions; Inversions; Trade; International policy; Emissions; Uptake; USA; Mexico; Canada DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-399-2015 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis of two-dimensional materials by selective extraction. AN - 1652428542; 25489991 AB - CONSPECTUS: Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted much attention in the past decade. They offer high specific surface area, as well as electronic structure and properties that differ from their bulk counterparts due to the low dimensionality. Graphene is the best known and the most studied 2D material, but metal oxides and hydroxides (including clays), dichalcogenides, boron nitride (BN), and other materials that are one or several atoms thick are receiving increasing attention. They may deliver a combination of properties that cannot be provided by other materials. The most common synthesis approach in general is by reacting different elements or compounds to form a new compound. However, this approach does not necessarily work well for low-dimensional structures, since it favors formation of energetically preferred 3D (bulk) solids. Many 2D materials are produced by exfoliation of van der Waals solids, such as graphite or MoS2, breaking large particles into 2D layers. However, these approaches are not universal; for example, 2D transition metal carbides cannot be produced by any of them. An alternative but less studied way of material synthesis is the selective extraction process, which is based on the difference in reactivity and stability between the different components (elements or structural units) of the original material. It can be achieved using thermal, chemical, or electrochemical processes. Many 2D materials have been synthesized using selective extraction, such as graphene from SiC, transition metal oxides (TMO) from layered 3D salts, and transition metal carbides or carbonitrides (MXenes) from MAX phases. Selective extraction synthesis is critically important when the bonds between the building blocks of the material are too strong (e.g., in carbides) to be broken mechanically in order to form nanostructures. Unlike extractive metallurgy, where the extracted metal is the goal of the process, selective extraction of one or more elements from the precursor materials releases 2D structures. In this Account, in addition to graphene and TMO, we focused on MXenes as an example for the use of selective extraction synthesis to produce novel 2D materials. About 10 new carbides and carbonitrides of transition metals have been produced by this method in the past 3 years. They offer an unusual combination of metallic conductivity and hydrophilicity and show very attractive electrochemical properties. We hope that this Account will encourage researchers to extend the use of selective extraction to other layered material systems that in turn will result in expanding the world of nanomaterials in general and 2D materials in particular, generating new materials that cannot be produced by other means. JF - Accounts of chemical research AU - Naguib, Michael AU - Gogotsi, Yury AD - Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States. Y1 - 2015/01/20/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jan 20 SP - 128 EP - 135 VL - 48 IS - 1 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1652428542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Accounts+of+chemical+research&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+two-dimensional+materials+by+selective+extraction.&rft.au=Naguib%2C+Michael%3BGogotsi%2C+Yury&rft.aulast=Naguib&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Accounts+of+chemical+research&rft.issn=1520-4898&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Far500346b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2015-05-21 N1 - Date created - 2015-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar500346b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synergy of elastic and inelastic energy loss on ion track formation in SrTiO₃. AN - 1645230004; 25578009 AB - While the interaction of energetic ions with solids is well known to result in inelastic energy loss to electrons and elastic energy loss to atomic nuclei in the solid, the coupled effects of these energy losses on defect production, nanostructure evolution and phase transformations in ionic and covalently bonded materials are complex and not well understood due to dependencies on electron-electron scattering processes, electron-phonon coupling, localized electronic excitations, diffusivity of charged defects, and solid-state radiolysis. Here we show that a colossal synergy occurs between inelastic energy loss and pre-existing atomic defects created by elastic energy loss in single crystal strontium titanate (SrTiO₃), resulting in the formation of nanometer-sized amorphous tracks, but only in the narrow region with pre-existing defects. These defects locally decrease the electronic and atomic thermal conductivities and increase electron-phonon coupling, which locally increase the intensity of the thermal spike for each ion. This work identifies a major gap in understanding on the role of defects in electronic energy dissipation and electron-phonon coupling; it also provides insights for creating novel interfaces and nanostructures to functionalize thin film structures, including tunable electronic, ionic, magnetic and optical properties. JF - Scientific reports AU - Weber, William J AU - Zarkadoula, Eva AU - Pakarinen, Olli H AU - Sachan, Ritesh AU - Chisholm, Matthew F AU - Liu, Peng AU - Xue, Haizhou AU - Jin, Ke AU - Zhang, Yanwen AD - 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA [2] Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. ; Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. Y1 - 2015/01/12/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jan 12 SP - 7726 VL - 5 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1645230004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+reports&rft.atitle=Synergy+of+elastic+and+inelastic+energy+loss+on+ion+track+formation+in+SrTiO%E2%82%83.&rft.au=Weber%2C+William+J%3BZarkadoula%2C+Eva%3BPakarinen%2C+Olli+H%3BSachan%2C+Ritesh%3BChisholm%2C+Matthew+F%3BLiu%2C+Peng%3BXue%2C+Haizhou%3BJin%2C+Ke%3BZhang%2C+Yanwen&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2015-01-12&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=&rft.spage=7726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scientific+reports&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsrep07726 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2015-03-30 N1 - Date created - 2015-01-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Sci Rep. 2014;4:5742 [25034006] Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2014 May 7;16(17):8051-9 [24651953] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep07726 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Representing northern peatland microtopography and hydrology within the Community Land Model AN - 1861112267; 765129-14 AB - Predictive understanding of northern peatland hydrology is a necessary precursor to understanding the fate of massive carbon stores in these systems under the influence of present and future climate change. Current models have begun to address microtopographic controls on peatland hydrology, but none have included a prognostic calculation of peatland water table depth for a vegetated wetland, independent of prescribed regional water tables. We introduce here a new configuration of the Community Land Model (CLM) which includes a fully prognostic water table calculation for a vegetated peatland. Our structural and process changes to CLM focus on modifications needed to represent the hydrologic cycle of bogs environment with perched water tables, as well as distinct hydrologic dynamics and vegetation communities of the raised hummock and sunken hollow microtopography characteristic of peatland bogs. The modified model was parameterized and independently evaluated against observations from an ombrotrophic raised-dome bog in northern Minnesota (S1-Bog), the site for the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Climatic and Environmental Change experiment (SPRUCE). Simulated water table levels compared well with site-level observations. The new model predicts hydrologic changes in response to planned warming at the SPRUCE site. At present, standing water is commonly observed in bog hollows after large rainfall events during the growing season, but simulations suggest a sharp decrease in water table levels due to increased evapotranspiration under the most extreme warming level, nearly eliminating the occurrence of standing water in the growing season. Simulated soil energy balance was strongly influenced by reduced winter snowpack under warming simulations, with the warming influence on soil temperature partly offset by the loss of insulating snowpack in early and late winter. The new model provides improved predictive capacity for seasonal hydrological dynamics in northern peatlands, and provides a useful foundation for investigation of northern peatland carbon exchange. JF - Biogeosciences AU - Shi, X AU - Thornton, P E AU - Ricciuto, D M AU - Hanson, P J AU - Mao, J AU - Sebestyen, S D AU - Griffiths, N A AU - Bisht, G Y1 - 2015 PY - 2015 DA - 2015 SP - 6463 EP - 6477 PB - Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Union, Katlenburg-Lindau VL - 12 IS - 21 SN - 1726-4170, 1726-4170 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1861112267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biogeosciences&rft.atitle=Representing+northern+peatland+microtopography+and+hydrology+within+the+Community+Land+Model&rft.au=Shi%2C+X%3BThornton%2C+P+E%3BRicciuto%2C+D+M%3BHanson%2C+P+J%3BMao%2C+J%3BSebestyen%2C+S+D%3BGriffiths%2C+N+A%3BBisht%2C+G&rft.aulast=Shi&rft.aufirst=X&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=6463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biogeosciences&rft.issn=17264170&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.biogeosciences.net/12/6463/2015/bg-12-6463-2015.pdf http://www.biogeosciences.net LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data from Copernicus Gesellschaft, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany N1 - Number of references - 75 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atom probe tomography and visible/near-infrared spectral analysis of simulated solar wind hydrogen implanted olivine AN - 1832682468; 768623-82 JF - Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society AU - Kuhlman, K R AU - Poplawsky, J D AU - Hiroi, T AU - Baba, K AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015 PY - 2015 DA - 2015 EP - Abstract no. 5034 PB - The Society, [United States] VL - 78 SN - 0735-049X, 0735-049X KW - tomography KW - silicates KW - near-infrared spectra KW - experimental studies KW - irradiation KW - optical spectra KW - solar wind KW - olivine group KW - atom probe tomography KW - San Carlos Olivine KW - weathering KW - iron KW - depth KW - nesosilicates KW - focused ion beam KW - space weathering KW - metals KW - hydrogen KW - olivine KW - orthosilicates KW - planetology KW - spectra KW - nanophase iron KW - 04:Extraterrestrial geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1832682468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefinprocess&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Meeting+of+the+Meteoritical+Society&rft.atitle=Atom+probe+tomography+and+visible%2Fnear-infrared+spectral+analysis+of+simulated+solar+wind+hydrogen+implanted+olivine&rft.au=Kuhlman%2C+K+R%3BPoplawsky%2C+J+D%3BHiroi%2C+T%3BBaba%2C+K%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Kuhlman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+Meeting+of+the+Meteoritical+Society&rft.issn=0735049X&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2015/pdf/5034.pdf http://meteoriticalsociety.org/?page_id=18 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 78th annual meeting of the Meteoritical Society N1 - Copyright - GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2017, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. N1 - Number of references - 10 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atom probe tomography; depth; experimental studies; focused ion beam; hydrogen; iron; irradiation; metals; nanophase iron; near-infrared spectra; nesosilicates; olivine; olivine group; optical spectra; orthosilicates; planetology; San Carlos Olivine; silicates; solar wind; space weathering; spectra; tomography; weathering ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impacts of hydraulic fracturing and surface mining on chemical and isotope compositions of shallow groundwater in the central Appalachian Basin, eastern United States AN - 1819897819; 2016-078014 AB - Hydraulic fracturing of shale deposits has greatly increased the productivity of the natural gas industry by allowing it to exploit previously inaccessible reservoirs. Previous research has demonstrated that this practice has the potential to contaminate shallow aquifers with methane (CH (sub 4) ) from deeper formations. This study compares concentrations and isotopic compositions of CH (sub 4) sampled from domestic groundwater wells in Letcher County, Eastern Kentucky in order to characterize its occurrence and origins in relation to both neighboring hydraulically fractured natural gas wells and surface coal mines. The studied groundwater showed elevated CH (sub 4) concentrations ranging from 0.05 mg/L to 10 mg/L (mean: 4.92 mg/L). This was considerably lower compared to the northern Appalachian Basin where the CH (sub 4) concentrations reach as high as 70 mg/L. The delta (super 13) C values of CH (sub 4) ranged from -66 ppm to -16 ppm (mean: -46 ppm), and delta (super 2) H values ranged from -286 ppm to -86 ppm (mean -204 ppm), suggesting an immature thermogenic and mixed biogenic/thermogenic origin. The occurrence of CH (sub 4) was not correlated with proximity to hydraulically fractured natural gas wells. Generally, CH (sub 4) occurrence corresponded with groundwater abundant in Na+, Cl-, and HCO (sub 3) (super -) , and with low concentrations of SO (sub 4) (super 2-) . The CH (sub 4) and SO (sub 4) (super 2-) concentrations were best predicted by the oxidation/reduction potential of the studied groundwater. CH (sub 4) was abundant in more reducing waters, and SO (sub 4) (super 2-) was more abundant in more oxidizing waters. Additionally, groundwater in greater proximity to surface mining was more likely to be oxidized. This, in turn, might have increased the likelihood of CH (sub 4) oxidation in shallow groundwater. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Szynkiewicz, Anna AU - LeDoux, St Thomas Majeau AU - Mayes, Melanie AU - Faiia, Anthony M AU - McKinney, Michael L AU - Dean, W Gray AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015 PY - 2015 DA - 2015 SP - 692 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 47 IS - 7 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - 21:Hydrogeology KW - 02D:Isotope geochemistry KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1819897819?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+hydraulic+fracturing+and+surface+mining+on+chemical+and+isotope+compositions+of+shallow+groundwater+in+the+central+Appalachian+Basin%2C+eastern+United+States&rft.au=Szynkiewicz%2C+Anna%3BLeDoux%2C+St+Thomas+Majeau%3BMayes%2C+Melanie%3BFaiia%2C+Anthony+M%3BMcKinney%2C+Michael+L%3BDean%2C+W+Gray%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Szynkiewicz&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=692&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2015 annual meeting & exposition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-16 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of hydration layers and magnetic transitions on the stability of Fe-oxide nanoparticles AN - 1807506690; 2016-066100 JF - V.M. Goldschmidt Conference - Program and Abstracts AU - Ross, N L AU - Spencer, E C AU - Woodfield, B F AU - Kolesnikov, A I AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2015 PY - 2015 DA - 2015 SP - 2692 PB - Goldschmidt Conference, [varies] VL - 25 SN - 1042-7287, 1042-7287 KW - hydration KW - iron oxides KW - hematite KW - surface water KW - stability KW