TY - JOUR T1 - A systems engineering analysis of three-point and four-point wind turbine drivetrain configurations AN - 1868341444; PQ0004054795 AB - This study compares the impact of drivetrain configuration on the mass and capital cost of a series of wind turbines ranging from 1.5 MW to 5.0 MW power ratings for both land-based and offshore applications. The analysis is performed with a new physics-based drivetrain analysis and sizing tool, Drive Systems Engineering (DriveSE), which is part of the Wind-Plant Integrated System Design & Engineering Model. DriveSE uses physics-based relationships to size all major drivetrain components according to given rotor loads simulated based on International Electrotechnical Commission design load cases. The model's sensitivity to input loads that contain a high degree of variability was analyzed. Aeroelastic simulations are used to calculate the rotor forces and moments imposed on the drivetrain for each turbine design. DriveSE is then used to size all of the major drivetrain components for each turbine for both three-point and four-point configurations. The simulation results quantify the trade-offs in mass and component costs for the different configurations. On average, a 16.7% decrease in total nacelle mass can be achieved when using a three-point drivetrain configuration, resulting in a 3.5% reduction in turbine capital cost. This analysis is driven by extreme loads and does not consider fatigue. Thus, the effects of configuration choices on reliability and serviceability are not captured. However, a first order estimate of the sizing, dimensioning and costing of major drivetrain components are made which can be used in larger system studies which consider trade-offs between subsystems such as the rotor, drivetrain and tower. JF - Wind Energy AU - Guo, Y AU - Parsons, T AU - Dykes, K AU - King, R N AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, 80401, Colorado, USA. Y1 - 2017/03// PY - 2017 DA - March 2017 SP - 537 EP - 550 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Turbines KW - Sensitivity KW - Fatigue KW - Wind energy KW - Commissions KW - Simulation KW - Capital costs KW - Wind KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1868341444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=A+systems+engineering+analysis+of+three-point+and+four-point+wind+turbine+drivetrain+configurations&rft.au=Guo%2C+Y%3BParsons%2C+T%3BDykes%2C+K%3BKing%2C+R+N&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=537&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.2022 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sensitivity; Turbines; Fatigue; Wind energy; Commissions; Simulation; Capital costs; Wind DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.2022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative techno-economic analysis and process design for indirect liquefaction pathways to distillate-range fuels via biomass-derived oxygenated intermediates upgrading AN - 1868303210; PQ0004042822 AB - This paper presents a comparative techno-economic analysis (TEA) of five conversion pathways from biomass to gasoline-, jet-, and diesel-range hydrocarbons via indirect liquefaction with a specific focus on pathways utilizing oxygenated intermediates. The four emerging pathways of interest are compared with one conventional pathway (Fischer-Tropsch) for the production of the hydrocarbon blendstocks. The processing steps of the four emerging pathways include biomass-to-syngas via indirect gasification, syngas clean-up, conversion of syngas to alcohols/oxygenates followed by conversion of alcohols/oxygenates to hydrocarbon blendstocks via dehydration, oligomerization, and hydrogenation. Conversion of biomass-derived syngas to oxygenated intermediates occurs via three different pathways, producing: (i) mixed alcohols over a MoS sub(2) catalyst, (ii) mixed oxygenates (a mixture of C sub(2) sub(+) oxygenated compounds, predominantly ethanol, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate) using an Rh-based catalyst, and (iii) ethanol from syngas fermentation. This is followed by the conversion of oxygenates/alcohols to fuel-range olefins in two approaches: (i) mixed alcohols/ethanol to 1-butanol rich mixture via Guerbet reaction, followed by alcohol dehydration, oligomerization, and hydrogenation, and (ii) mixed oxygenates/ethanol to isobutene rich mixture and followed by oligomerization and hydrogenation. The design features a processing capacity of 2000 tonnes/day (2205 short tons) of dry biomass. The minimum fuel selling prices (MFSPs) for the four developing pathways range from $3.40 to $5.04 per gasoline-gallon equivalent (GGE), in 2011 US dollars. Sensitivity studies show that MFSPs can be improved with co-product credits and are comparable to the commercial Fischer-Tropsch benchmark ($3.58/GGE). Overall, this comparative TEA study documents potential economics for the developmental biofuel pathways via mixed oxygenates. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Tan, Eric CD AU - Snowden-Swan, Lesley J AU - Talmadge, Michael AU - Dutta, Abhijit AU - Jones, Susanne AU - Ramasamy, Karthikeyan K AU - Gray, Michel AU - Dagle, Robert AU - Padmaperuma, Asanga AU - Gerber, Mark AU - Sahir, Asad H AU - Tao, Ling AU - Zhang, Yanan AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DA - January 2017 SP - 41 EP - 66 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Fermentation KW - Fuels KW - Acetaldehyde KW - Liquefaction KW - Refining KW - Tea KW - Economics KW - alcohols KW - Catalysts KW - Tetraethylammonium KW - Ethanol KW - Alcohol KW - Sensitivity KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Oligomerization KW - Hydrogenation KW - Biomass KW - Acetic acid KW - Design KW - Ethyl acetate KW - Intermediates KW - Benchmarks KW - Biofuels KW - Dehydration KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1868303210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Comparative+techno-economic+analysis+and+process+design+for+indirect+liquefaction+pathways+to+distillate-range+fuels+via+biomass-derived+oxygenated+intermediates+upgrading&rft.au=Tan%2C+Eric+CD%3BSnowden-Swan%2C+Lesley+J%3BTalmadge%2C+Michael%3BDutta%2C+Abhijit%3BJones%2C+Susanne%3BRamasamy%2C+Karthikeyan+K%3BGray%2C+Michel%3BDagle%2C+Robert%3BPadmaperuma%2C+Asanga%3BGerber%2C+Mark%3BSahir%2C+Asad+H%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BZhang%2C+Yanan&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1710 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-03-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; Hydrocarbons; Acetaldehyde; Fuels; Oligomerization; Refining; Hydrogenation; Biomass; Acetic acid; Ethyl acetate; Economics; alcohols; Intermediates; Catalysts; Tetraethylammonium; Biofuels; Ethanol; Dehydration; Sensitivity; Alcohol; Fuel technology; Liquefaction; Design; Tea; Benchmarks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1710 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Capacity value assessments of wind power AN - 1859468444; PQ0003990519 AB - This article describes some of the recent research into the capacity value of wind power. With the worldwide increase in wind power during the past several years, there is increasing interest and significance regarding its capacity value because this has a direct influence on the amount of other (nonwind) capacity that is needed. We build on previous reviews from IEEE and IEA Wind Task 25 super(a) and examine recent work that evaluates the impact of multiple-year data sets and the impact of interconnected systems on resource adequacy. We also provide examples that explore the use of alternative reliability metrics for wind capacity value calculations. We show how multiple-year data sets significantly increase the robustness of results compared to single-year assessments. Assumptions regarding the transmission interconnections play a significant role. To date, results regarding which reliability metric to use for probabilistic capacity valuation show little sensitivity to the metric. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e226. doi: 10.1002/wene.226 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website . JF - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment AU - Milligan, Michael AU - Frew, Bethany AU - Ibanez, Eduardo AU - Kiviluoma, Juha AU - Holttinen, Hannele AU - Soder, Lennart AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DA - January 2017 SP - [np] PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 United States VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 2041-8396, 2041-8396 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - Wind energy KW - Energy KW - Wind KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859468444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wiley+Interdisciplinary+Reviews%3A+Energy+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Capacity+value+assessments+of+wind+power&rft.au=Milligan%2C+Michael%3BFrew%2C+Bethany%3BIbanez%2C+Eduardo%3BKiviluoma%2C+Juha%3BHolttinen%2C+Hannele%3BSoder%2C+Lennart&rft.aulast=Milligan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=%5Bnp%5D&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wiley+Interdisciplinary+Reviews%3A+Energy+and+Environment&rft.issn=20418396&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwene.226 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sensitivity; Wind energy; Energy; Wind DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wene.226 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maximization of the annual energy production of wind power plants by optimization of layout and yaw-based wake control AN - 1855078857; PQ0003959212 AB - This paper presents a wind plant modeling and optimization tool that enables the maximization of wind plant annual energy production (AEP) using yaw-based wake steering control and layout changes. The tool is an extension of a wake engineering model describing the steady-state effects of yaw on wake velocity profiles and power productions of wind turbines in a wind plant. To make predictions of a wind plant's AEP, necessary extensions of the original wake model include coupling it with a detailed rotor model and a control policy for turbine blade pitch and rotor speed. This enables the prediction of power production with wake effects throughout a range of wind speeds. We use the tool to perform an example optimization study on a wind plant based on the Princess Amalia Wind Park. In this case study, combined optimization of layout and wake steering control increases AEP by 5%. The power gains from wake steering control are highest for region 1.5 inflow wind speeds, and they continue to be present to some extent for the above-rated inflow wind speeds. The results show that layout optimization and wake steering are complementary because significant AEP improvements can be achieved with wake steering in a wind plant layout that is already optimized to reduce wake losses. JF - Wind Energy AU - Gebraad, Pieter AU - Thomas, Jared J AU - Ning, Andrew AU - Fleming, Paul AU - Dykes, Katherine AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2017/01// PY - 2017 DA - January 2017 SP - 97 EP - 107 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Turbines KW - Case studies KW - Wind energy KW - Energy KW - Inflow KW - Velocity KW - Wind KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1855078857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Maximization+of+the+annual+energy+production+of+wind+power+plants+by+optimization+of+layout+and+yaw-based+wake+control&rft.au=Gebraad%2C+Pieter%3BThomas%2C+Jared+J%3BNing%2C+Andrew%3BFleming%2C+Paul%3BDykes%2C+Katherine&rft.aulast=Gebraad&rft.aufirst=Pieter&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.1993 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Turbines; Case studies; Wind energy; Inflow; Energy; Velocity; Wind DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.1993 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progressing towards more quantitative analytical pyrolysis of soil organic matter using molecular beam mass spectroscopy of whole soils and added standards AN - 1849310058; 2016-106606 AB - Soil organic matter (SOM) is extremely complex. It is composed of hundreds of different organic substances and it has been difficult to quantify these diverse substances in a dynamic- ecosystem functioning standpoint.Analytical pyrolysis has been used to compare chemical differences between soils, but its ability to measure the absolute amount of a specific compound in the soil is still in question.Our objective was to assess whether utilizing pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectroscopy (py-MBMS) to define the signature of known reference compounds (adenine, indole, palmitic acid, etc.) and biological samples (chitin, fungi, cellulose, etc.) separately and when added to whole soils it was possible to make py-MBMS more quantitative.Reference compounds, spanning a wide variety of compound categories, and biological samples, expected to be present in SOM, were added to three soils from Colorado, Ohio, and Massachusetts that have varying total C, % clay, and clay type. Py-MBMS, a rapid analysis technique originally developed to analyze complex biomolecules, flash pyrolyzes soil organic matter to form products that are often considered characteristic of the original molecular structure. Samples were pyrolyzed at 550 degrees C by py-MBMS.All samples were weighed and %C and %N determined both before and after pyrolysis to evaluate mass loss, C loss, and N loss for the samples.An average relationship of r (super 2) = 0.76 (P = 0.005) was found for the amount of cellulose added to soil at 25, 50, and 100% of soil C relative to the ion intensity of select mass/charge of the compound.There was a relationship of r (super 2) = 0.93 (P < 0.001) for the amount of indole added to soil at 25, 50, and 100% of soil C and the ion intensity of the associated mass variables (mass/charge).Comparing spectra of pure compounds with the spectra of the compounds added to soil and isolated clay showed that interference could occur based on soil type and compound with the Massachusetts soil with high C (55.8 g C kg (super -1) ) and low % clay (5.4%) having the least interference and the Colorado soil with low C (14.6 g C kg (super -1) ) and a moderate smectite clay content of 14% having the greatest soil interference.Due to soil interference from clay type and content and varying optimum temperatures of pyrolysis for different compounds it is unlikely that analytical pyrolysis can be quantitative for all types of compounds. Select compound categories such as carbohydrates have the potential to be quantified in soil with analytical pyrolysis due to the fact that they: 1) almost fully pyrolyzed, 2) were represented by a limited number of m/z, and 3) had a strong relationship with the amount added and the total ion intensity produced. The three different soils utilized in this study had similar proportions of C pyrolyzed in the whole soil (54-57%) despite differences in %C and %clay between the soils. Mid-infrared spectroscopic analyses of the soil before and after pyrolysis showed that pyrolysis resulted in reductions in the 3400, 2930-2870, 1660 and 1430 cm (super -1) bands.These bands are primarily representative of OH and NH bonds, CH stretch, and delta (CH (sub 2) ) in polysaccharides/lipid and are associated with mineralizable SOM. The incorporation of standards into routine analytical pyrolysis allowed us to assess the quantitative potential of py-MBMS along with the effect of the mineral matrix, which we believe is applicable to all forms of analytical pyrolysis. JF - Geoderma AU - Haddix, Michelle L AU - Magrini-Bair, Kim AU - Evans, Robert J AU - Conant, Richard T AU - Wallenstein, Matthew D AU - Morris, Sherri J AU - Calderon, Francisco AU - Paul, Eldor A Y1 - 2016/12// PY - 2016 DA - December 2016 SP - 88 EP - 100 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 283 SN - 0016-7061, 0016-7061 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - Akron Colorado KW - eastern Massachusetts KW - northwestern Ohio KW - mass spectra KW - northeastern Colorado KW - Middlesex County Massachusetts KW - Hoytville Ohio KW - quantitative analysis KW - pyrolysis KW - Massachusetts KW - standard materials KW - Great Plains KW - applications KW - spectra KW - geochemistry KW - Ohio KW - soils KW - North America KW - chemical analysis KW - smectite KW - mass spectroscopy KW - Washington County Colorado KW - molecular beam methods KW - measurement KW - clay minerals KW - Alfisols KW - organic compounds KW - Inceptisols KW - sheet silicates KW - Colorado KW - spectroscopy KW - Mollisols KW - 25:Soils KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1849310058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoderma&rft.atitle=Progressing+towards+more+quantitative+analytical+pyrolysis+of+soil+organic+matter+using+molecular+beam+mass+spectroscopy+of+whole+soils+and+added+standards&rft.au=Haddix%2C+Michelle+L%3BMagrini-Bair%2C+Kim%3BEvans%2C+Robert+J%3BConant%2C+Richard+T%3BWallenstein%2C+Matthew+D%3BMorris%2C+Sherri+J%3BCalderon%2C+Francisco%3BPaul%2C+Eldor+A&rft.aulast=Haddix&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.volume=283&rft.issue=&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geoderma&rft.issn=00167061&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.geoderma.2016.07.027 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167061 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 70 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 5 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-16 N1 - CODEN - GEDMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Akron Colorado; Alfisols; applications; chemical analysis; clay minerals; Colorado; eastern Massachusetts; geochemistry; Great Plains; Hoytville Ohio; Inceptisols; mass spectra; mass spectroscopy; Massachusetts; measurement; Middlesex County Massachusetts; molecular beam methods; Mollisols; North America; northeastern Colorado; northwestern Ohio; Ohio; organic compounds; pyrolysis; quantitative analysis; sheet silicates; silicates; smectite; soils; spectra; spectroscopy; standard materials; United States; Washington County Colorado DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.07.027 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of thermal pretreatment and catalyst on biomass gasification efficiency and syngas composition AN - 1846422531; PQ0003893960 AB - This work explores the combined effects of thermal pretreatment and using a catalyst in situ on gasification carbon conversion efficiency, as well as product gas and tar content and compositions. To compare the effects of thermal pretreatment, pelletized and ground oak with three different levels of thermal pretreatment were gasified in a fluidized bed reactor. The pretreatments applied to the oak were (1) pelletization, (2) drying at 180 degree C in air, and (3) torrefaction at 270 degree C in nitrogen. The oak dried at 180 degree C produced syngas of similar quality and approximately the same amount of char as untreated oak. Torrefaction at 270 degree C resulted in syngas with a higher hydrogen to CO ratio, lower methane, and less than half of the total tar-all of which are desirable properties in terms of product gas quality. However, the oak torrefied at 270 degree C also produced more than two times the amount of char as the untreated, pelletized oak. To determine the effect of catalyst, a series of experiments were conducted using olivine impregnated with nickel and cerium as the fluidized bed material in the gasifier. These tests showed that modified olivine can improve hydrogen production and reduce methane and tar levels in the syngas. The result was observed for both treated and untreated oak; although the effect was more substantial for untreated oak, for which the use of modified olivine reduced tar concentrations in the product gas by 60%, with a larger reduction in heavier tars than lighter tars. This result is important because reduction in heavier tar plays a more important role in benefitting downstream operations. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Cheah, Singfoong AU - Jablonski, Whitney S AU - Olstad, Jessica L AU - Carpenter, Daniel L AU - Barthelemy, Kevin D AU - Robichaud, David J AU - Andrews, Joy C AU - Black, Stuart K AU - Oddo, Marc D AU - Westover, Tyler L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DA - November 2016 SP - 6291 EP - 6304 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 23 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Methane KW - Tar KW - Cerium KW - Nickel KW - Hydrogen KW - Biomass KW - Carbon KW - Fluidized beds KW - Green development KW - Downstream KW - Catalysts KW - Nitrogen KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1846422531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Effects+of+thermal+pretreatment+and+catalyst+on+biomass+gasification+efficiency+and+syngas+composition&rft.au=Cheah%2C+Singfoong%3BJablonski%2C+Whitney+S%3BOlstad%2C+Jessica+L%3BCarpenter%2C+Daniel+L%3BBarthelemy%2C+Kevin+D%3BRobichaud%2C+David+J%3BAndrews%2C+Joy+C%3BBlack%2C+Stuart+K%3BOddo%2C+Marc+D%3BWestover%2C+Tyler+L&rft.aulast=Cheah&rft.aufirst=Singfoong&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=6291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6gc01661h LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 57 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methane; Carbon; Green development; Nickel; Cerium; Fluidized beds; Tar; Downstream; Hydrogen; Catalysts; Biomass; Nitrogen DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc01661h ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Techno-economic analysis of a conceptual biofuel production process from bioethylene produced by photosynthetic recombinant cyanobacteria AN - 1846419368; PQ0003893955 AB - Ethylene is a petrochemical produced in large volumes worldwide. It serves as a building block for a wide variety of plastics, textiles, and chemicals, and can be converted into liquid transportation fuels. There is great interest in the development of technologies that produce ethylene from renewable resources, such as biologically derived CO2 and biomass. One of the metabolic pathways used by microbes to produce ethylene is via an ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE). By expressing a bacterial EFE gene in a cyanobacterium, ethylene has been produced through photosynthetic carbon fixation. Here, we present a conceptual design and techno-economic analysis of a process of biofuel production based on the upgradation of ethylene generated by the recombinant cyanobacterium. This analysis focuses on potential near-term to long-term cost projections for the integrated process of renewable fuels derived from ethylene. The cost projections are important in showing the potential of this technology and determining research thrusts needed to reach target goals. The base case for this analysis is a midterm projection using tubular photobioreactors for cyanobacterial growth and ethylene production, cryogenic distillation for ethylene separation and purification, a two-step Ziegler oligomerization process with subsequent hydrotreatment and upgradation for fuel production, and a wastewater treatment process that utilizes anaerobic digestion of cyanobacterial biomass. The minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) for the midterm projection is $15.07 per gallon gasoline equivalent (GGE). Near-term and long-term projections are $28.66 per GGE and $5.36 per GGE, respectively. Single- and multi-point sensitivity analyses are conducted to determine the relative effect that chosen variables could have on the overall costs. This analysis identifies several key variables for improving the overall process economics and outlines strategies to guide future research directions. The productivity of ethylene has the largest effect on cost and is calculated based on a number of variables that are incorporated into this cost model (i.e., quantum requirement, photon transmission efficiency, and the percent of energy going to either ethylene or cyanobacterial biomass production). JF - Green Chemistry AU - Markham, Jennifer N AU - Tao, Ling AU - Davis, Ryan AU - Voulis, Nina AU - Angenent, Largus T AU - Ungerer, Justin AU - Yu, Jianping AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401; USA; +1-303-384-7809 Y1 - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DA - November 2016 SP - 6266 EP - 6281 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 23 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Photosynthesis KW - Photons KW - Gasoline KW - Fuels KW - Petrochemicals KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Models KW - Economics KW - Metabolic pathways KW - Plastics KW - Cryogenics KW - Sustainable yield KW - Energy efficiency KW - Oligomerization KW - Enzymes KW - Anaerobic digestion KW - Biomass KW - photobioreactors KW - Renewable resources KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Textiles KW - Renewable energy KW - Energy KW - Ethylene KW - Purification KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Biofuels KW - Technology KW - Carbon fixation KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - K 03450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1846419368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Techno-economic+analysis+of+a+conceptual+biofuel+production+process+from+bioethylene+produced+by+photosynthetic+recombinant+cyanobacteria&rft.au=Markham%2C+Jennifer+N%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BDavis%2C+Ryan%3BVoulis%2C+Nina%3BAngenent%2C+Largus+T%3BUngerer%2C+Justin%3BYu%2C+Jianping&rft.aulast=Markham&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=6266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6gc01083k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 77 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sustainable yield; Photons; Gasoline; Fuels; Oligomerization; Enzymes; Biomass; Anaerobic digestion; photobioreactors; Wastewater treatment; Models; Textiles; Energy; Economics; Metabolic pathways; Plastics; Purification; Ethylene; Carbon dioxide; Cryogenics; Biofuels; Carbon fixation; Fuel technology; Energy efficiency; Photosynthesis; Petrochemicals; Renewable resources; Sensitivity analysis; Renewable energy; Technology; Cyanobacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc01083k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lignin depolymerization by fungal secretomes and a microbial sink AN - 1846417004; PQ0003848288 AB - In Nature, powerful oxidative enzymes secreted by white rot fungi and some bacteria catalyze lignin depolymerization and some microbes are able to catabolize the resulting aromatic compounds as carbon and energy sources. Taken together, these two processes offer a potential route for microbial valorization of lignin. However, many challenges remain in realizing this concept, including that oxidative enzymes responsible for lignin depolymerization also catalyze polymerization of low molecular weight (LMW) lignin. Here, multiple basidiomycete secretomes were screened for ligninolytic enzyme activities in the presence of a residual lignin solid stream from a corn stover biorefinery, dubbed DMR-EH (Deacetylation, Mechanical Refining, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis) lignin. Two selected fungal secretomes, with high levels of laccases and peroxidases, were utilized for DMR-EH lignin depolymerization assays. The secretome from Pleurotus eryngii, which exhibited the highest laccase activity, reduced the lignin average molecular weight (Mw) by 63% and 75% at pH 7 compared to the Mw of the control treated at the same conditions and the initial DMR-EH lignin, respectively, and was applied in further depolymerization assays as a function of time. As repolymerization was observed after 3 days of incubation, an aromatic-catabolic microbe (Pseudomonas putida KT2440) was incubated with the fungal secretome and DMR-EH lignin. These experiments demonstrated that the presence of the bacterium enhances lignin depolymerization, likely due to bacterial catabolism of LMW lignin, which may partially prevent repolymerization. In addition, proteomics was also applied to the P. eryngii secretome to identify the enzymes present in the fungal cocktail utilized for the depolymerization assays, which highlighted a significant number of glucose/methanol/choline (GMC) oxidoreductases and laccases. Overall, this study demonstrates that ligninolytic enzymes can be used to partially depolymerize a solid, high lignin content biorefinery stream and that the presence of an aromatic-catabolic bacterium as a "microbial sink" improves the extent of enzymatic lignin depolymerization. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Salvachua, Davinia AU - Katahira, Rui AU - Cleveland, Nicholas S AU - Khanna, Payal AU - Resch, Michael G AU - Black, Brenna A AU - Purvine, Samuel O AU - Zink, Erika M AU - Prieto, Alicia AU - Martinez, Maria J AU - Martinez, Angel T AU - Simmons, Blake A AU - Gladden, John M AU - Beckham, Gregg T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL); Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DA - November 2016 SP - 6046 EP - 6062 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 22 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Choline KW - Polymerization KW - Peroxidase KW - Methanol KW - Glucose KW - Carbon sources KW - Deacetylation KW - Energy sources KW - Streams KW - Carbon KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Basidiomycetes KW - Pleurotus eryngii KW - Molecular weight KW - secretome KW - Corn KW - Pseudomonas putida KW - pH effects KW - pH KW - Bacteria KW - Depolymerization KW - Fungi KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrolysis KW - White rot KW - Laccase KW - ligninolytic enzymes KW - Energy KW - Green development KW - Lignin KW - oxidoreductase KW - proteomics KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1846417004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Lignin+depolymerization+by+fungal+secretomes+and+a+microbial+sink&rft.au=Salvachua%2C+Davinia%3BKatahira%2C+Rui%3BCleveland%2C+Nicholas+S%3BKhanna%2C+Payal%3BResch%2C+Michael+G%3BBlack%2C+Brenna+A%3BPurvine%2C+Samuel+O%3BZink%2C+Erika+M%3BPrieto%2C+Alicia%3BMartinez%2C+Maria+J%3BMartinez%2C+Angel+T%3BSimmons%2C+Blake+A%3BGladden%2C+John+M%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg+T&rft.aulast=Salvachua&rft.aufirst=Davinia&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=6046&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6gc01531j LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 73 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Choline; Polymerization; Depolymerization; Peroxidase; Fungi; Methanol; Glucose; Enzymes; Deacetylation; Carbon sources; Hydrolysis; Streams; White rot; Laccase; Aromatic compounds; ligninolytic enzymes; secretome; Molecular weight; Energy; Lignin; oxidoreductase; proteomics; pH effects; Bacteria; Carbon; Green development; Corn; Energy sources; pH; Pleurotus eryngii; Basidiomycetes; Pseudomonas putida DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc01531j ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Zymomonas mobilis as a model system for production of biofuels and biochemicals AN - 1837337780; PQ0003762347 AB - Zymomonas mobilis is a natural ethanologen with many desirable industrial biocatalyst characteristics. In this review, we will discuss work to develop Z. mobilis as a model system for biofuel production from the perspectives of substrate utilization, development for industrial robustness, potential product spectrum, strain evaluation and fermentation strategies. This review also encompasses perspectives related to classical genetic tools and emerging technologies in this context. Zymomonas mobilis is a natural ethanologen with many desirable industrial biocatalyst characteristics. In this review, we will discuss work to develop Z. mobilis as a model system for biofuel production from the perspectives of substrate utilization, development for industrial robustness, potential product spectrum, strain evaluation and fermentation strategies. This review also encompasses perspectives related to classical genetic tools and emerging technologies in this context. JF - Microbial Biotechnology AU - Yang, Shihui AU - Fei, Qiang AU - Zhang, Yaoping AU - Contreras, Lydia M AU - Utturkar, Sagar M AU - Brown, Steven D AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Zhang, Min AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. Y1 - 2016/11// PY - 2016 DA - November 2016 SP - 699 EP - 717 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United Kingdom VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1751-7915, 1751-7915 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Fermentation KW - biocatalysts KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Biofuels KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1837337780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Zymomonas+mobilis+as+a+model+system+for+production+of+biofuels+and+biochemicals&rft.au=Yang%2C+Shihui%3BFei%2C+Qiang%3BZhang%2C+Yaoping%3BContreras%2C+Lydia+M%3BUtturkar%2C+Sagar+M%3BBrown%2C+Steven+D%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Shihui&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Biotechnology&rft.issn=17517915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F1751-7915.12408 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fermentation; biocatalysts; Biofuels; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12408 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standardization of chemical analytical techniques for pyrolysis bio-oil: history, challenges, and current status of methods AN - 1819138330; PQ0003638396 AB - In this perspective, we discuss the standardization of analytical techniques for pyrolysis bio-oils, including the current status of methods, and our opinions on future directions. First, the history of past standardization efforts is summarized, and both successful and unsuccessful validation of analytical techniques highlighted. The majority of analytical standardization studies to-date has tested only physical characterization techniques. Here, we present results from an international round robin on the validation of chemical characterization techniques for bio-oils. Techniques tested included acid number, carbonyl titrations using two different methods (one at room temperature and one at 80 degree C), super(31)P NMR for determination of hydroxyl groups, and a quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Both carbonyl titration and acid number methods have yielded acceptable inter-laboratory variabilities. super(31)P NMR produced acceptable results for aliphatic and phenolic hydroxyl groups, but not for carboxylic hydroxyl groups. As shown in previous round robins, GC-MS results were more variable. Reliable chemical characterization of bio-oils will enable upgrading research and allow for detailed comparisons of bio-oils produced at different facilities. Reliable analytics are also needed to enable an emerging bioenergy industry, as processing facilities often have different analytical needs and capabilities than research facilities. We feel that correlations in reliable characterizations of bio-oils will help strike a balance between research and industry, and will ultimately help to -determine metrics for bio-oil quality. Finally, the standardization of additional analytical methods is needed, particularly for upgraded bio-oils. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Ferrell, Jack R AU - Olarte, Mariefel V AU - Christensen, Earl D AU - Padmaperuma, Asanga B AU - Connatser, Raynella M AU - Stankovikj, Filip AU - Meier, Dietrich AU - Paasikallio, Ville AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 496 EP - 507 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Historical account KW - Fuel technology KW - Temperature KW - Refining KW - Carbonyl compounds KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Spectrometry KW - Pyrolysis KW - Standardization KW - Gas chromatography KW - Titration KW - phenolic compounds KW - Standards KW - N.M.R. KW - carbonyls KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1819138330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Standardization+of+chemical+analytical+techniques+for+pyrolysis+bio-oil%3A+history%2C+challenges%2C+and+current+status+of+methods&rft.au=Ferrell%2C+Jack+R%3BOlarte%2C+Mariefel+V%3BChristensen%2C+Earl+D%3BPadmaperuma%2C+Asanga+B%3BConnatser%2C+Raynella+M%3BStankovikj%2C+Filip%3BMeier%2C+Dietrich%3BPaasikallio%2C+Ville&rft.aulast=Ferrell&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=496&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1661 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Pyrolysis; Standardization; Gas chromatography; Titration; phenolic compounds; Refining; N.M.R.; carbonyls; Biofuels; Mass spectroscopy; Fuel technology; Historical account; Temperature; Standards; Carbonyl compounds; Spectrometry DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1661 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic implications of incorporating emission controls to mitigate air pollutants emitted from a modeled hydrocarbon-fuel biorefinery in the United States AN - 1819136648; PQ0003638401 AB - The implementation of the US Renewable Fuel Standard is expected to increase the construction and operation of new biofuel facilities. Allowing this industry to grow without adversely affecting air quality is an important sustainability goal sought by multiple stakeholders. However, little is known about how the emission controls potentially required to comply with air quality regulations might impact biorefinery cost and deployment strategies such as siting and sizing. In this study, we use a baseline design for a lignocellulosic hydrocarbon biofuel production process to assess how the integration of emission controls impacts the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of the biofuel produced. We evaluate the change in MFSP for two cases as compared to the baseline design by incorporating (i) emission controls that ensure compliance with applicable federal air regulations and (ii) advanced control options that could be used to achieve potential best available control technology (BACT) emission limits. Our results indicate that compliance with federal air regulations can be achieved with minimal impact on biofuel cost (~$0.02 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) higher than the baseline price of $5.10 GGE super(-1)). However, if air emissions must be further reduced to meet potential BACT emission limits, the cost could increase nontrivially. For example, the MFSP could increase to $5.50 GGE super(-1) by adopting advanced emission controls to meet potential boiler BACT limits. Given tradeoffs among emission control costs, permitting requirements, and economies of scale, these results could help inform decisions about biorefinery siting and sizing and mitigate risks associated with air permitting. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Bhatt, Arpit AU - Zhang, Yimin AU - Davis, Ryan AU - Eberle, Annika AU - Heath, Garvin AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 603 EP - 622 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Gasoline KW - Environmental regulations KW - Fuels KW - Compliance KW - Air quality KW - Air pollution control KW - Emission control KW - Refining KW - Risk reduction KW - Sustainability KW - Air pollution KW - Integration KW - USA KW - Pollutants KW - Renewable energy KW - Economics KW - Emissions KW - Biofuels KW - Technology KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1819136648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Economic+implications+of+incorporating+emission+controls+to+mitigate+air+pollutants+emitted+from+a+modeled+hydrocarbon-fuel+biorefinery+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Bhatt%2C+Arpit%3BZhang%2C+Yimin%3BDavis%2C+Ryan%3BEberle%2C+Annika%3BHeath%2C+Garvin&rft.aulast=Bhatt&rft.aufirst=Arpit&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1666 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-26 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Integration; Pollutants; Gasoline; Hydrocarbons; Fuels; Economics; Refining; Biofuels; Fuel technology; Environmental regulations; Compliance; Emission control; Air pollution control; Air quality; Risk reduction; Sustainability; Air pollution; Renewable energy; Emissions; Technology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1666 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unification of [FeFe]-hydrogenases into three structural and functional groups. AN - 1805489341; 27241847 AB - BACKGROUND[FeFe]-hydrogenases (Hyd) are structurally diverse enzymes that catalyze the reversible oxidation of hydrogen (H2). Recent biochemical data demonstrate new functional roles for these enzymes, including those that function in electron bifurcation where an exergonic reaction is coupled with an endergonic reaction to drive the reversible oxidation/production of H2.METHODSTo identify the structural determinants that underpin differences in enzyme functionality, a total of 714 homologous sequences of the catalytic subunit, HydA, were compiled. Bioinformatics approaches informed by biochemical data were then used to characterize differences in inferred quaternary structure, HydA active site protein environment, accessory iron-sulfur clusters in HydA, and regulatory proteins encoded in HydA gene neighborhoods.RESULTSHydA homologs were clustered into one of three classification groups, Group 1 (G1), Group 2 (G2), and Group 3 (G3). G1 enzymes were predicted to be monomeric while those in G2 and G3 were predicted to be multimeric and include HydB, HydC (G2/G3) and HydD (G3) subunits. Variation in the HydA active site and accessory iron-sulfur clusters did not vary by group type. Group-specific regulatory genes were identified in the gene neighborhoods of both G2 and G3 Hyd. Analyses of purified G2 and G3 enzymes by mass spectrometry strongly suggest that they are post-translationally modified by phosphorylation.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that bifurcation capability is dictated primarily by the presence of both HydB and HydC in Hyd complexes, rather than by variation in HydA.GENERAL SIGNIFICANCEThis classification scheme provides a framework for future biochemical and mutagenesis studies to elucidate the functional role of Hyd enzymes. JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta AU - Poudel, Saroj AU - Tokmina-Lukaszewska, Monika AU - Colman, Daniel R AU - Refai, Mohammed AU - Schut, Gerrit J AU - King, Paul W AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AU - Adams, Michael W W AU - Peters, John W AU - Bothner, Brian AU - Boyd, Eric S AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: saroz189@gmail.com. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: tokminalukas@gmail.com. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: daniel.colman@montana.edu. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: refai1982@gmail.com. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States. Electronic address: gerti@uga.edu. ; Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States. Electronic address: Paul.King@nrel.gov. ; Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States. Electronic address: PinChing.Maness@nrel.gov. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States. Electronic address: adams@bmb.uga.edu. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: john.peters@chemistry.montana.edu. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: bbothner@montana.edu. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States. Electronic address: eboyd@montana.edu. Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 1910 EP - 1921 VL - 1860 IS - 9 SN - 0006-3002, 0006-3002 KW - Index Medicus KW - Post-translational modification KW - [FeFe]-hydrogenase KW - Regulation KW - Hydrogen KW - Bioinformatics KW - Electron bifurcation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1805489341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.atitle=Unification+of+%5BFeFe%5D-hydrogenases+into+three+structural+and+functional+groups.&rft.au=Poudel%2C+Saroj%3BTokmina-Lukaszewska%2C+Monika%3BColman%2C+Daniel+R%3BRefai%2C+Mohammed%3BSchut%2C+Gerrit+J%3BKing%2C+Paul+W%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching%3BAdams%2C+Michael+W+W%3BPeters%2C+John+W%3BBothner%2C+Brian%3BBoyd%2C+Eric+S&rft.aulast=Poudel&rft.aufirst=Saroj&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=1860&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1910&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochimica+et+biophysica+acta&rft.issn=00063002&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.bbagen.2016.05.034 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-07-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.034 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fast self-diffusion of ions in CH3NH3PbI3: the interstiticaly mechanism versus vacancy-assisted mechanism AN - 1819146220; PQ0003617724 AB - The stability of organic-inorganic halide perovskites is a major challenge for their applications and has been extensively studied. Among the possible underlying reasons, ion self-diffusion has been inferred to play important roles. While theoretical studies congruously support that iodine is more mobile, experimental studies only observe the direct diffusion of the MA ion and possible diffusion of iodine. The discrepancy may result from the incomplete understanding of ion diffusion mechanisms. With the help of first-principles calculations, we studied ion diffusion in CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) through not only the vacancy-assisted mechanisms presumed in previous theoretical studies, but also the neglected interstiticaly mechanisms. We found that compared to the diffusion through the vacancy-assisted mechanism, MA ion diffusion through the interstiticaly mechanism has a much smaller barrier which could explain experimental observations. For iodine diffusion, both mechanisms can yield relatively small barriers. Depending on the growth conditions, defect densities of vacancies and interstitials can vary and so do the diffusion species as well as diffusion mechanisms. Our work thus supports that both MA and iodine ion diffusion could contribute to the performance instability of MAPbI3. While being congruous with experimental results, our work fills the research gap by providing a full understanding of ion diffusion in halide perovskites. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Yang, Ji-Hui AU - Yin, Wan-Jian AU - Park, Ji-Sang AU - Wei, Su-Huai AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/08// PY - 2016 DA - August 2016 SP - 13105 EP - 13112 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 4 IS - 34 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Ions KW - Growth conditions KW - Energy KW - Iodine KW - Diffusion KW - Halides KW - Sustainability KW - ENA 21:Wildlife UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1819146220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Fast+self-diffusion+of+ions+in+CH3NH3PbI3%3A+the+interstiticaly+mechanism+versus+vacancy-assisted+mechanism&rft.au=Yang%2C+Ji-Hui%3BYin%2C+Wan-Jian%3BPark%2C+Ji-Sang%3BWei%2C+Su-Huai&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Ji-Hui&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=34&rft.spage=13105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ta03599j LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 49 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ions; Growth conditions; Energy; Iodine; Diffusion; Halides; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta03599j ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of acidic compounds in complex biomass-derived streams AN - 1815699512; PQ0003612601 AB - Biomass-derived streams that contain acidic compounds from the degradation of lignin and polysaccharides (e.g. black liquor, pyrolysis oil, pyrolytic lignin, etc.) are chemically complex solutions prone to instability and degradation during analysis, making quantification of compounds within them challenging. Here we present a robust analytical method to quantify acidic compounds in complex biomass-derived mixtures using ion exchange, sample reconstitution in pyridine and derivatization with BSTFA. The procedure is based on an earlier method originally reported for kraft black liquors and, in this work, is applied to identify and quantify a large slate of acidic compounds in corn stover derived alkaline pretreatment liquor (APL) as a function of pretreatment severity. Analysis of the samples is conducted with GCxGC-TOFMS to achieve good resolution of the components within the complex mixture. The results reveal the dominant low molecular weight components and their concentrations as a function of pretreatment severity. Application of this method is also demonstrated in the context of lignin conversion technologies by applying it to track the microbial conversion of an APL substrate. Here too excellent results are achieved, and the appearance and disappearance of compounds is observed in agreement with the known metabolic pathways of two bacteria, indicating the sample integrity was maintained throughout analysis. Finally, it is shown that this method applies more generally to lignin-rich materials by demonstrating its usefulness in analysis of pyrolysis oil and pyrolytic lignin. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Karp, Eric M AU - Nimlos, Claire T AU - Deutch, Steve AU - Salvachua, Davinia AU - Cywar, Robin M AU - Beckham, Gregg T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/08// PY - 2016 DA - August 2016 SP - 4750 EP - 4760 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 17 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Pyrolysis KW - Oil KW - Bacteria KW - Degradation KW - Corn KW - Green development KW - Pyridines KW - Ion exchange KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1815699512?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+acidic+compounds+in+complex+biomass-derived+streams&rft.au=Karp%2C+Eric+M%3BNimlos%2C+Claire+T%3BDeutch%2C+Steve%3BSalvachua%2C+Davinia%3BCywar%2C+Robin+M%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg+T&rft.aulast=Karp&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=4750&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6gc00868b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 53 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Pyrolysis; Bacteria; Degradation; Green development; Corn; Pyridines; Ion exchange; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc00868b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Computational identification of promising thermoelectric materials among known quasi-2D binary compounds AN - 1846408601; PQ0003831227 AB - Quasi low-dimensional structures are abundant among known thermoelectric materials, primarily because of their low lattice thermal conductivities. In this work, we have computationally assessed the potential of 427 known binary quasi-2D structures in 272 different chemistries for thermoelectric performance. To assess the thermoelectric performance, we employ an improved version of our previously developed descriptor for thermoelectric performance [Yan et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, 8, 983]. The improvement is in the explicit treatment of van der Waals interactions in quasi-2D materials, which leads to significantly better predictions of their crystal structures and lattice thermal conductivities. The improved methodology correctly identifies known binary quasi-2D thermoelectric materials such as Sb2Te3, Bi2Te3, SnSe, SnS, InSe, and In2Se3. As a result, we propose candidate quasi-2D binary materials, a number of which have not been previously considered for thermoelectric applications. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Gorai, Prashun AU - Toberer, Eric S AU - Stevanovic, Vladan AD - Colorado School of Mines; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/07// PY - 2016 DA - July 2016 SP - 11110 EP - 11116 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 4 IS - 28 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Thermal conductivity KW - Energy KW - Sustainability KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1846408601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Computational+identification+of+promising+thermoelectric+materials+among+known+quasi-2D+binary+compounds&rft.au=Gorai%2C+Prashun%3BToberer%2C+Eric+S%3BStevanovic%2C+Vladan&rft.aulast=Gorai&rft.aufirst=Prashun&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=11110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ta04121c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Thermal conductivity; Energy; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta04121c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In situ investigation of the formation and metastability of formamidinium lead tri-iodide perovskite solar cells AN - 1808664021; PQ0003400085 AB - Organic-inorganic perovskites have emerged as an important class of next generation solar cells due to their remarkably low cost, band gap, and sub-900 nm absorption onset. Here, we show a series of in situ observations inside electron microscopes and X-ray diffractometers under device-relevant synthesis conditions focused on revealing the crystallization process of the formamidinium lead-triiodide perovskite at the optimum temperature of 175 degree C. Direct in situ observations of the structure and chemistry over relevant spatial, temporal, and temperature scales enabled identification of key perovskite formation and degradation mechanisms related to grain evolution and interface chemistry. The lead composition was observed to fluctuate at grain boundaries, indicating a mobile lead-containing species, a process found to be partially reversible at a key temperature of 175 degree C. Using low energy electron microscopy and valence electron energy loss spectroscopy, lead is found to be bonded in the grain interior with iodine in a tetrahedral configuration. At the grain boundaries, the binding energy associated with lead is consequently shifted by nearly 2 eV and a doublet peak is resolved due presumably to a greater degree of hybridization and the potential for several different bonding configurations. At the grain boundaries there is adsorption of hydrogen and OH super(-) ions as a result of residual water vapor trapped as a non-crystalline material during formation. Insights into the relevant formation and decomposition reactions of formamidinium lead iodide at low to high temperatures, observed metastabilities, and relationship with the photovoltaic performance were obtained and used to optimize device processing resulting in conversion efficiencies of up to 17.09% within the stability period of the devices. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Aguiar, Jeffery A AU - Wozny, Sarah AU - Holesinger, Terry G AU - Aoki, Toshihiro AU - Patel, Maulik K AU - Yang, Mengjin AU - Berry, Joseph J AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak AU - Zhou, Weilie AU - Zhu, Kai AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO; 80401; USA; +1 (303) 384-6485; +1 (303) 384-6353 Y1 - 2016/07// PY - 2016 DA - July 2016 SP - 2372 EP - 2382 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 9 IS - 7 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Iodides KW - Hydrogen KW - Spectroscopy KW - Decomposition KW - Lead KW - High temperature KW - Absorption KW - Iodine KW - Grains KW - Electron microscopy KW - Crystallization KW - Temperature effects KW - Ions KW - Thermodynamics KW - Microscopes KW - Temperature KW - Solar cells KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Energy KW - Microscopy KW - Boundaries KW - Grain KW - Adsorption KW - Evolution KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808664021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=In+situ+investigation+of+the+formation+and+metastability+of+formamidinium+lead+tri-iodide+perovskite+solar+cells&rft.au=Aguiar%2C+Jeffery+A%3BWozny%2C+Sarah%3BHolesinger%2C+Terry+G%3BAoki%2C+Toshihiro%3BPatel%2C+Maulik+K%3BYang%2C+Mengjin%3BBerry%2C+Joseph+J%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak%3BZhou%2C+Weilie%3BZhu%2C+Kai&rft.aulast=Aguiar&rft.aufirst=Jeffery&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ee01079b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-12 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Crystallization; Ions; Thermodynamics; Microscopes; Hydrogen; Spectroscopy; Decomposition; Lead; Energy; Ionizing radiation; Adsorption; Grain; Boundaries; Iodine; Electron microscopy; Evolution; Iodides; Temperature; Solar cells; High temperature; Microscopy; Absorption; Grains DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ee01079b ER - TY - GEN T1 - To Protect The Grid From Hackers, You Need To Break It AN - 1797448457 JF - Breaking Energy AU - Kevin Eber | National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2016/06/16/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Jun 16 CY - New York PB - SyndiGate Media Inc KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1797448457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aabitrade&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Breaking+Energy&rft.atitle=To+Protect+The+Grid+From+Hackers%2C+You+Need+To+Break+It&rft.au=Kevin+Eber+%3B+National+Renewable+Energy+Laboratory&rft.aulast=Kevin+Eber+%7C+National+Renewable+Energy+Laboratory&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2016-06-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Breaking+Energy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright © 2016 Breaking Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Provided by SyndiGate Media Inc. (Syndigate.info). N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural and chemical evolution of methylammonium lead halide perovskites during thermal processing from solution AN - 1808729179; PQ0003317589 AB - Following the prominent success of CH sub(3)NH sub(3)PbI sub(3) in photovoltaics and other optoelectronic applications, focus has been placed on better understanding perovskite crystallization from precursor and intermediate phases in order to facilitate improved crystallinity often desirable for advancing optoelectronic properties. Understanding of stability and degradation is also of critical importance as these materials seek commercial applications. In this study, we investigate the evolution of perovskites formed from targeted precursor chemistries by correlating in situ temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and mass spectral analysis of the evolved species. This suite of analyses reveals important precursor composition-induced variations in the processes underpinning perovskite formation and degradation. The addition of Cl super(-) leads to widely different precursor evolution and perovskite formation kinetics, and results in significant changes to the degradation mechanism, including suppression of crystalline PbI sub(2) formation and modification of the thermal stability of the perovskite phase. This work highlights the role of perovskite precursor chemistry in both its formation and degradation. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Nenon, David P AU - Christians, Jeffrey A AU - Wheeler, Lance M AU - Blackburn, Jeffrey L AU - Sanehira, Erin M AU - Dou, Benjia AU - Olsen, Michele L AU - Zhu, Kai AU - Berry, Joseph J AU - Luther, Joseph M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DA - June 2016 SP - 2072 EP - 2082 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Crystallization KW - Crystallinity KW - Degradation KW - Chloride KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Halides KW - Kinetics KW - Energy KW - Thermal stability KW - Evolution KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - X 24300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808729179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Structural+and+chemical+evolution+of+methylammonium+lead+halide+perovskites+during+thermal+processing+from+solution&rft.au=Nenon%2C+David+P%3BChristians%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BWheeler%2C+Lance+M%3BBlackburn%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BSanehira%2C+Erin+M%3BDou%2C+Benjia%3BOlsen%2C+Michele+L%3BZhu%2C+Kai%3BBerry%2C+Joseph+J%3BLuther%2C+Joseph+M&rft.aulast=Nenon&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2072&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ee01047d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 61 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crystallization; Crystallinity; Energy; Kinetics; Chloride; Thermal stability; X-ray diffraction; Evolution; Photovoltaics; Degradation; Halides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ee01047d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tuning the driving force for exciton dissociation in single-walled carbon nanotube heterojunctions AN - 1808674315; PQ0003183138 AB - Understanding the kinetics and energetics of interfacial electron transfer in molecular systems is crucial for the development of a broad array of technologies, including photovoltaics, solar fuel systems and energy storage. The Marcus formulation for electron transfer relates the thermodynamic driving force and reorganization energy for charge transfer between a given donor/acceptor pair to the kinetics and yield of electron transfer. Here we investigated the influence of the thermodynamic driving force for photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and fullerene derivatives by employing time-resolved microwave conductivity as a sensitive probe of interfacial exciton dissociation. For the first time, we observed the Marcus inverted region (in which driving force exceeds reorganization energy) and quantified the reorganization energy for PET for a model SWCNT/acceptor system. The small reorganization energies (about 130meV, most of which probably arises from the fullerene acceptors) are beneficial in minimizing energy loss in photoconversion schemes. JF - Nature Chemistry AU - Ihly, Rachelle AU - Mistry, Kevin S AU - Ferguson, Andrew J AU - Clikeman, Tyler T AU - Larson, Bryon W AU - Reid, Obadiah AU - Boltalina, Olga V AU - Strauss, Steven H AU - Rumbles, Garry AU - Blackburn, Jeffrey L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA Y1 - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DA - June 2016 SP - 603 EP - 609 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW United Kingdom VL - 8 IS - 6 SN - 1755-4330, 1755-4330 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Storage KW - Carbon KW - Thermodynamics KW - Energy KW - Kinetics KW - Fuels KW - Nanotechnology KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808674315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Tuning+the+driving+force+for+exciton+dissociation+in+single-walled+carbon+nanotube+heterojunctions&rft.au=Ihly%2C+Rachelle%3BMistry%2C+Kevin+S%3BFerguson%2C+Andrew+J%3BClikeman%2C+Tyler+T%3BLarson%2C+Bryon+W%3BReid%2C+Obadiah%3BBoltalina%2C+Olga+V%3BStrauss%2C+Steven+H%3BRumbles%2C+Garry%3BBlackburn%2C+Jeffrey+L&rft.aulast=Ihly&rft.aufirst=Rachelle&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Chemistry&rft.issn=17554330&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnchem.2496 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Photovoltaics; Carbon; Thermodynamics; Fuels; Kinetics; Energy; Technology; Nanotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2496 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Downregulation of p-Coumaroyl Quinate/Shikimate 3'-Hydroxylase (C3'H) or Cinnamate-4-hydrolylase (C4H) in Eucalyptus urophyllaEucalyptus grandis Leads to Increased Extractability AN - 1790960518; PQ0003134680 AB - Lignin reduction through breeding and genetic modification has the potential to reduce costs in biomass processing in pulp and paper, forage, and lignocellulosic ethanol industries. Here, we present detailed characterization of the extractability and lignin structure of Eucalyptus urophyllaEucalyptus grandis RNAi downregulated in p-coumaroyl quinate/shikimate 3'-hydroxylase (C3'H) or cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H). Both the C3'H and C4H downregulated lines were found to have significantly higher extractability when exposed to NaOH base extraction, indicating altered cell wall construction. The molecular weight of isolated lignin was measured and lignin structure was determined by HSQC NMR-based lignin subunit analysis for control and the C3'H and C4H downregulated lines. The slight reductions in average molecular weights of the lignin isolated from the transgenic lines (C3'H=7000, C4H=6500, control=7300) does not appear to explain the difference in extractability. The HSQC NMR-based lignin subunit analysis showed increases in H lignin content for the C3'H but only slight differences in the lignin subunit structure of the C3'H and C4H downregulated lines when compared to the control. The greatest difference between the C3'H and C4H downregulated lines is the total lignin content; therefore, it appears that overall lowered lignin content contributes greatly to reduced recalcitrance and increased extractability of cell wall biopolymers. Further studies will be conducted to determine how the reduction in lignin content creates a less rigid cell wall that is more prone to extraction and sugar release. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Ziebell, Angela AU - Gjersing, Erica AU - Hinchee, Maud AU - Katahira, Rui AU - Sykes, Robert W AU - Johnson, David K AU - Davis, Mark F AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401-3393, USA, erica.gjersing@nrel.gov Y1 - 2016/06// PY - 2016 DA - June 2016 SP - 691 EP - 699 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Breeding KW - Biopolymers KW - Forage KW - Biomass KW - Biofuels KW - Eucalyptus KW - Ethanol KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1790960518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=Downregulation+of+p-Coumaroyl+Quinate%2FShikimate+3%27-Hydroxylase+%28C3%27H%29+or+Cinnamate-4-hydrolylase+%28C4H%29+in+Eucalyptus+urophyllaEucalyptus+grandis+Leads+to+Increased+Extractability&rft.au=Ziebell%2C+Angela%3BGjersing%2C+Erica%3BHinchee%2C+Maud%3BKatahira%2C+Rui%3BSykes%2C+Robert+W%3BJohnson%2C+David+K%3BDavis%2C+Mark+F&rft.aulast=Ziebell&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-016-9713-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 40 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breeding; Biopolymers; Forage; Biomass; Biofuels; Ethanol; Eucalyptus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-016-9713-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrazine-Free Solution-Deposited CuIn(S,Se)2 Solar Cells by Spray Deposition of Metal Chalcogenides. AN - 1790018291; 27135679 AB - Solution processing of semiconductors, such as CuInSe2 and its alloys (CIGS), can significantly reduce the manufacturing costs of thin film solar cells. Despite the recent success of solution deposition approaches for CIGS, toxic reagents such as hydrazine are usually involved, which introduce health and safety concerns. Here, we present a simple and safer methodology for the preparation of high-quality CuIn(S, Se)2 absorbers from metal sulfide solutions in a diamine/dithiol mixture. The solutions are sprayed in air, using a chromatography atomizer, followed by a postdeposition selenization step. Two different selenization methods are explored resulting in power conversion efficiencies of up to 8%. JF - ACS applied materials & interfaces AU - Arnou, Panagiota AU - van Hest, Maikel F A M AU - Cooper, Carl S AU - Malkov, Andrei V AU - Walls, John M AU - Bowers, Jake W AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3305, United States. Y1 - 2016/05/18/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 May 18 SP - 11893 EP - 11897 VL - 8 IS - 19 KW - Index Medicus KW - atmospheric process KW - thin film KW - CIGS KW - solar cells KW - chalcopyrite UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1790018291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+applied+materials+%26+interfaces&rft.atitle=Hydrazine-Free+Solution-Deposited+CuIn%28S%2CSe%292+Solar+Cells+by+Spray+Deposition+of+Metal+Chalcogenides.&rft.au=Arnou%2C+Panagiota%3Bvan+Hest%2C+Maikel+F+A+M%3BCooper%2C+Carl+S%3BMalkov%2C+Andrei+V%3BWalls%2C+John+M%3BBowers%2C+Jake+W&rft.aulast=Arnou&rft.aufirst=Panagiota&rft.date=2016-05-18&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=11893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+applied+materials+%26+interfaces&rft.issn=1944-8252&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facsami.6b01541 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b01541 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - cis, cis-Muconic acid: separation and catalysis to bio-adipic acid for nylon-6,6 polymerization AN - 1808682076; PQ0003234586 AB - cis, cis-Muconic acid is a polyunsaturated dicarboxylic acid that can be produced renewably via the biological conversion of sugars and lignin-derived aromatic compounds. Subsequently, muconic acid can be catalytically converted to adipic acid - the most commercially significant dicarboxylic acid manufactured from petroleum. Nylon-6,6 is the major industrial application for adipic acid, consuming 85% of market demand; however, high purity adipic acid (99.8%) is required for polymer synthesis. As such, process technologies are needed to effectively separate and catalytically transform biologically derived muconic acid to adipic acid in high purity over stable catalytic materials. To that end, this study: (1) demonstrates bioreactor production of muconate at 34.5 g L super(-1) in an engineered strain of Pseudomonas putida KT2440, (2) examines the staged recovery of muconic acid from culture media, (3) screens platinum group metals (e.g., Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru) for activity and leaching stability on activated carbon (AC) and silica supports, (4) evaluates the time-on-stream performance of Rh/AC in a trickle bed reactor, and (5) demonstrates the polymerization of bio-adipic acid to nylon-6,6. Separation experiments confirmed AC effectively removed broth color compounds, but subsequent pH/temperature shift crystallization resulted in significant levels of Na, P, K, S and N in the crystallized product. Ethanol dissolution of muconic acid precipitated bulk salts, achieving a purity of 99.8%. Batch catalysis screening reactions determined that Rh and Pd were both highly active compared to Pt and Ru, but Pd leached significantly (1-9%) from both AC and silica supports. Testing of Rh/AC in a continuous trickle bed reactor for 100 h confirmed stable performance after 24 h, although organic adsorption resulted in reduced steady-state activity. Lastly, polymerization of bio-adipic acid with hexamethyldiamine produced nylon-6,6 with comparable properties to its petrochemical counterpart, thereby demonstrating a path towards bio-based nylon production via muconic acid. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Vardon, Derek R AU - Rorrer, Nicholas A AU - Salvachua, Davinia AU - Settle, Amy E AU - Johnson, Christopher W AU - Menart, Martin J AU - Cleveland, Nicholas S AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Steirer, KXerxes AU - Dorgan, John R AU - Beckham, Gregg T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 3397 EP - 3413 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 18 IS - 11 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Leaching KW - Activated carbon KW - Temperature KW - Petrochemicals KW - Pseudomonas KW - Salts KW - Aromatic compounds KW - Silica KW - Petroleum KW - Bioreactors KW - Polymers KW - pH KW - Ethanol KW - Technology KW - Catalysis KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808682076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=cis%2C+cis-Muconic+acid%3A+separation+and+catalysis+to+bio-adipic+acid+for+nylon-6%2C6+polymerization&rft.au=Vardon%2C+Derek+R%3BRorrer%2C+Nicholas+A%3BSalvachua%2C+Davinia%3BSettle%2C+Amy+E%3BJohnson%2C+Christopher+W%3BMenart%2C+Martin+J%3BCleveland%2C+Nicholas+S%3BCiesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BSteirer%2C+KXerxes%3BDorgan%2C+John+R%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg+T&rft.aulast=Vardon&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5gc02844b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 97 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leaching; Activated carbon; Temperature; Petrochemicals; Salts; Silica; Aromatic compounds; Bioreactors; Petroleum; Polymers; pH; Catalysis; Technology; Ethanol; Pseudomonas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc02844b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Design of nitride semiconductors for solar energy conversion AN - 1805502996; PQ0003043989 AB - Nitride semiconductors are a promising class of materials for solar energy conversion applications, such as photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical cells. Nitrides can have better solar absorption and electrical transport properties than the more widely studied oxides, as well as the potential for better scalability than other pnictides or chalcogenides. In addition, nitrides are also relatively unexplored compared to other chemistries, so they provide a great opportunity for new materials discovery. This paper reviews the recent advances in the design of novel semiconducting nitrides for solar energy conversion technologies. Both binary and multinary nitrides are discussed, with a range of metal chemistries (Cu sub(3)N, ZnSnN sub(2), Sn sub(3)N sub(4), etc.) and crystal structures (delafossite, perovskite, spinel, etc.), including a brief overview of wurtzite III-N materials and devices. The current scientific challenges and promising future directions in the field are also highlighted. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Zakutayev, Andriy AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; Colorado 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 6742 EP - 6754 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 4 IS - 18 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Metals KW - Reviews KW - Solar cells KW - Energy KW - Zinc KW - Absorption KW - Solar energy KW - Sustainability KW - Design KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1805502996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Design+of+nitride+semiconductors+for+solar+energy+conversion&rft.au=Zakutayev%2C+Andriy&rft.aulast=Zakutayev&rft.aufirst=Andriy&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=6742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ta09446a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 96 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Energy; Solar cells; Reviews; Zinc; Absorption; Solar energy; Sustainability; Technology; Design DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta09446a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of economic impacts of cellulosic biofuel production: acomparative analysis of three biofuel pathways AN - 1790966207; PQ0003082216 AB - The development of a cellulosic biofuel industry utilizing domestic biomass resources is expected to create opportunities for economic growth resulting from the construction and operation of new biorefineries. We applied an economic input-output model to estimate potential economic impacts, particularly gross job growth, resulting from the construction and operation of biorefineries using three different technology pathways: (i) cellulosic ethanol via biochemical conversion in Iowa, (ii) renewable diesel blendstock via biological conversion in Georgia, and (iii) renewable diesel and gasoline blendstock via fast pyrolysis in Mississippi. Combining direct, indirect (revenue- and supply-chain-related), and induced effects, capital investment associated with the construction of a biorefinery processing 2000 dry metric tons of biomass per day (DMT/day) could yield between 5960 and 8470 full-time equivalent (FTE) jobs during the construction period, depending on the biofuel pathways. Fast pyrolysis biorefineries produce the most jobs on a project level thanks to the highest capital requirement among the three pathways. Normalized on the scale of $1 million of capital investment, the fast pyrolysis biorefineries are estimated to yield slighter higher numbers of jobs (12.1 jobs) than the renewable diesel (11.8 jobs) and the cellulosic ethanol (11.6 jobs) biorefineries. While operating biorefineries is not labor-intensive, the annual operation of a 2000 DMT/day biorefinery could support between 720 and 970 jobs when the direct, indirect, and induced effects are considered. The major factor, which results in the variations among the three pathways, is the type of biomass feedstock used for biofuels. Unlike construction jobs, these operation-related jobs are necessary over the entire life of the biorefineries. Our results show that indirect effects stimulated by the operation of biorefineries are the primary contributor to job growth. The agriculture/forest, services, and trade industries are the primary sectors that will benefit from the ongoing operation of biorefineries. Copyright JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Zhang, Yimin AU - Goldberg, Marshall AU - Tan, Eric AU - Meyer, Pimphan Aye AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 281 EP - 298 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Fuel technology KW - Trade KW - Biochemistry KW - Gasoline KW - Forests KW - Refining KW - Economics KW - Ethanol KW - Economic growth KW - Biomass KW - Pyrolysis KW - ASW, USA, Georgia KW - USA, Iowa KW - USA, Mississippi KW - Diesel KW - Biofuels KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1790966207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+economic+impacts+of+cellulosic+biofuel+production%3A+acomparative+analysis+of+three+biofuel+pathways&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yimin%3BGoldberg%2C+Marshall%3BTan%2C+Eric%3BMeyer%2C+Pimphan+Aye&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yimin&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1637 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Pyrolysis; Gasoline; Economics; Forests; Refining; Diesel; Biomass; Biofuels; Ethanol; Fuel technology; Biochemistry; Trade; Economic growth; Technology; ASW, USA, Georgia; USA, Iowa; USA, Mississippi DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1637 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correction: Sunlight absorption in water - efficiency and design implications for photoelectrochemical devices AN - 1790953525; PQ0003093584 AB - Correction for 'Sunlight absorption in water - efficiency and design implications for photoelectrochemical devices' by H. Doscher et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 2951-2956. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Doscher, H AU - Geisz, J F AU - Deutsch, T G AU - Turner, JA AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/05// PY - 2016 DA - May 2016 SP - 1849 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Energy efficiency KW - Energy KW - Absorption KW - Sunlight KW - Design KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1790953525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Correction%3A+Sunlight+absorption+in+water+-+efficiency+and+design+implications+for+photoelectrochemical+devices&rft.au=Doscher%2C+H%3BGeisz%2C+J+F%3BDeutsch%2C+T+G%3BTurner%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Doscher&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1849&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc6ee90022d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy efficiency; Energy; Absorption; Sunlight; Design DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ee90022d ER - TY - GEN T1 - The Story Of A House That Never Stayed Warm: A Well-Insulated Resolution AN - 1780356698 JF - Breaking Energy AU - Elizabeth Spencer Communicator | National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2016/04/12/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Apr 12 CY - New York PB - SyndiGate Media Inc KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1780356698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aabitrade&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Breaking+Energy&rft.atitle=The+Story+Of+A+House+That+Never+Stayed+Warm%3A+A+Well-Insulated+Resolution&rft.au=Elizabeth+Spencer+Communicator+%3B+National+Renewable+Energy+Laboratory&rft.aulast=Elizabeth+Spencer+Communicator+%7C+National+Renewable+Energy+Laboratory&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2016-04-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Breaking+Energy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright © 2016 Breaking Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Provided by SyndiGate Media Inc. (Syndigate.info). N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulations of cellulose translocation in the bacterial cellulose synthase suggest a regulatory mechanism for the dimeric structure of cellulose AN - 1794494650; PQ0002984656 AB - The processive cycle of the bacterial cellulose synthase (Bcs) includes the addition of a single glucose moiety to the end of a growing cellulose chain followed by the translocation of the nascent chain across the plasma membrane. The mechanism of this translocation and its precise location within the processive cycle are not well understood. In particular, the molecular details of how a polymer (cellulose) whose basic structural unit is a dimer (cellobiose) can be constructed by adding one monomer (glucose) at a time are yet to be elucidated. Here, we have utilized molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations to the shed light on these questions. We find that translocation forward by one glucose unit is quite favorable energetically, giving a free energy stabilization of greater than 10 kcal mol super(-1). In addition, there is only a small barrier to translocation, implying that translocation is not rate limiting within the Bcs processive cycle (given experimental rates for cellulose synthesis in vitro). Perhaps most significantly, our results also indicate that steric constraints at the transmembrane tunnel entrance regulate the dimeric structure of cellulose. Namely, when a glucose molecule is added to the cellulose chain in the same orientation as the acceptor glucose, the terminal glucose freely rotates upon forward motion, thus suggesting a regulatory mechanism for the dimeric structure of cellulose. We characterize both the conserved and non-conserved enzyme-polysaccharide interactions that drive translocation, and find that 20 of the 25 residues that strongly interact with the translocating cellulose chain in the simulations are well conserved, mostly with polar or aromatic side chains. Our results also allow for a dynamical analysis of the role of the so-called 'finger helix' in cellulose translocation that has been observed structurally. Taken together, these findings aid in the elucidation of the translocation steps of the Bcs processive cycle and may be widely relevant to polysaccharide synthesizing or degrading enzymes that couple catalysis with chain translocation. JF - Chemical Science AU - Knott, Brandon C AU - Crowley, Michael F AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Zimmer, Jochen AU - Beckham, Gregg T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/04// PY - 2016 DA - April 2016 SP - 3108 EP - 3116 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 2041-6520, 2041-6520 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bacteria KW - cellobiose KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Enzymes KW - Polysaccharides KW - Tunnels KW - Free energy KW - Finger KW - Monomers KW - Plasma membranes KW - cellulose synthase KW - Translocation KW - Aromatics KW - Catalysis KW - A 01490:Miscellaneous KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1794494650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Science&rft.atitle=Simulations+of+cellulose+translocation+in+the+bacterial+cellulose+synthase+suggest+a+regulatory+mechanism+for+the+dimeric+structure+of+cellulose&rft.au=Knott%2C+Brandon+C%3BCrowley%2C+Michael+F%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BZimmer%2C+Jochen%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg+T&rft.aulast=Knott&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Science&rft.issn=20416520&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5sc04558d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cellobiose; Cellulose; Glucose; Enzymes; Tunnels; Polysaccharides; Free energy; Finger; Monomers; Plasma membranes; cellulose synthase; Translocation; Aromatics; Catalysis; Bacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc04558d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The formation mechanism for printed silver-contacts for silicon solar cells. AN - 1778707989; 27033774 AB - Screen-printing provides an economically attractive means for making Ag electrical contacts to Si solar cells, but the use of Ag substantiates a significant manufacturing cost, and the glass frit used in the paste to enable contact formation contains Pb. To achieve optimal electrical performance and to develop pastes with alternative, abundant and non-toxic materials, a better understanding the contact formation process during firing is required. Here, we use in situ X-ray diffraction during firing to reveal the reaction sequence. The findings suggest that between 500 and 650 °C PbO in the frit etches the SiNx antireflective-coating on the solar cell, exposing the Si surface. Then, above 650 °C, Ag(+) dissolves into the molten glass frit - key for enabling deposition of metallic Ag on the emitter surface and precipitation of Ag nanocrystals within the glass. Ultimately, this work clarifies contact formation mechanisms and suggests approaches for development of inexpensive, nontoxic solar cell contacting pastes. JF - Nature communications AU - Fields, Jeremy D AU - Ahmad, Md Imteyaz AU - Pool, Vanessa L AU - Yu, Jiafan AU - Van Campen, Douglas G AU - Parilla, Philip A AU - Toney, Michael F AU - van Hest, Maikel F A M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. ; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. ; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA. Y1 - 2016/04/01/ PY - 2016 DA - 2016 Apr 01 SP - 11143 VL - 7 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1778707989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+communications&rft.atitle=The+formation+mechanism+for+printed+silver-contacts+for+silicon+solar+cells.&rft.au=Fields%2C+Jeremy+D%3BAhmad%2C+Md+Imteyaz%3BPool%2C+Vanessa+L%3BYu%2C+Jiafan%3BVan+Campen%2C+Douglas+G%3BParilla%2C+Philip+A%3BToney%2C+Michael+F%3Bvan+Hest%2C+Maikel+F+A+M&rft.aulast=Fields&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+communications&rft.issn=2041-1723&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fncomms11143 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2016-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11143 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distributed MPC for Efficient Coordination of Storage and Renewable Energy Sources Across Control Areas AN - 1808723107; PQ0003313603 AB - In electric power systems, multiple entities are responsible for ensuring an economic and reliable way of delivering power from producers to consumers. With the increase of variable renewable generation it is becoming increasingly important to take advantage of the individual entities' (and their areas') capabilities for balancing variability. Hence, in this paper, we employ and extend the approximate Newton directions method to optimally coordinate control areas leveraging storage available in one area to balance variable resources in another area with only minimal information exchange among the areas. The problem to be decomposed is a model predictive control problem including generation constraints, energy storage constraints, and AC power flow constraints. Singularity issues encountered when formulating the respective Newton-Raphson steps due to intertemporal constraints are addressed and extensions to the original decomposition method are proposed to improve the convergence rate and required communication of the method. JF - IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid AU - Baker, Kyri AU - Guo, Junyao AU - Hug, Gabriela AU - Li, Xin AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2016/03// PY - 2016 DA - March 2016 SP - 992 EP - 1001 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., USA VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1949-3053, 1949-3053 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Storage KW - Electric power KW - Communications KW - Energy KW - Renewable energy KW - Economics KW - Decomposition KW - Information exchange KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808723107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Smart+Grid&rft.atitle=Distributed+MPC+for+Efficient+Coordination+of+Storage+and+Renewable+Energy+Sources+Across+Control+Areas&rft.au=Baker%2C+Kyri%3BGuo%2C+Junyao%3BHug%2C+Gabriela%3BLi%2C+Xin&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Kyri&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=992&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Smart+Grid&rft.issn=19493053&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTSG.2015.2512503 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Storage; Electric power; Communications; Renewable energy; Energy; Economics; Decomposition; Information exchange DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2512503 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Compositional Analysis of Biomass Reference Materials: Results from an Interlaboratory Study AN - 1776649307; PQ0002817126 AB - Biomass compositional methods are used to compare different lignocellulosic feedstocks, to measure component balances around unit operations and to determine process yields and therefore the economic viability of biomass-to-biofuel processes. Four biomass reference materials (RMs NIST 8491-8494) were prepared and characterized, via an interlaboratory comparison exercise in the early 1990s to evaluate biomass summative compositional methods, analysts, and laboratories. Having common, uniform, and stable biomass reference materials gives the opportunity to assess compositional data compared to other analysts, to other labs, and to a known compositional value. The expiration date for the original characterization of these RMs was reached and an effort to assess their stability and recharacterize the reference values for the remaining material using more current methods of analysis was initiated. We sent samples of the four biomass RMs to 11 academic, industrial, and government laboratories, familiar with sulfuric acid compositional methods, for recharacterization of the component reference values. In this work, we have used an expanded suite of analytical methods that are more appropriate for herbaceous feedstocks, to recharacterize the RMs' compositions. We report the median values and the expanded uncertainty values for the four RMs on a dry-mass, whole-biomass basis. The original characterization data has been recalculated using median statistics to facilitate comparisons with this data. We found improved total component closures for three out of the four RMs compared to the original characterization, and the total component closures were near 100 %, which suggests that most components were accurately measured and little double counting occurred. The major components were not statistically different in the recharacterization which suggests that the biomass materials are stable during storage and that additional components, not seen in the original characterization, were quantified here. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Templeton, David W AU - Wolfrum, Edward J AU - Yen, James H AU - Sharpless, Katherine E AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, MS 3512, Golden, CO, 80401-3305, USA, David.Templeton@nrel.gov Y1 - 2016/03// PY - 2016 DA - March 2016 SP - 303 EP - 314 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776649307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=Compositional+Analysis+of+Biomass+Reference+Materials%3A+Results+from+an+Interlaboratory+Study&rft.au=Templeton%2C+David+W%3BWolfrum%2C+Edward+J%3BYen%2C+James+H%3BSharpless%2C+Katherine+E&rft.aulast=Templeton&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-015-9675-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9675-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of temperature on luminescent coupling and material quality evaluation in inverted lattice-matched and metamorphic multi-junction solar cells AN - 1776645606; PQ0002808946 AB - Inverted metamorphic multi-junction solar cells have reached efficiencies close to 46%. These solar cells contain very high-quality materials that exhibit strong luminescent coupling between the junctions. The presence of luminescent coupling has a significant impact on the behavior of multi-junction solar cells affecting the optimal design of these devices. Because of the importance of studying devices under real operating conditions, the temperature dependence of the luminescent coupling is analyzed over a range of 25-120 degree C. Luminescent coupling analysis results show a reduction of the luminescent coupling current as a function of temperature in two tandem components of an inverted metamorphic triple junction solar cell such as GaInP/GaAs and GaAs/GaInAs solar cells. This reduction is quantified and examined by means of luminescent coupling analysis and modeling, electroluminescence measurements and optical modeling at the device and subcell level. The results of the models are verified and discussed. The temperature dependence of the luminescent coupling is analyzed over a range of 25-120 degree C. Luminescent coupling analysis and modeling results show a reduction of the luminescent coupling current as a function of temperature in two fabricated tandem components of an inverted metamorphic triple junction solar cell such as GaInP/GaAs and GaAs/GaInAs solar cells. The solar cells analyzed showed strong potential to mitigate the effect of temperature by exploiting the luminescent coupling properties at high current densities or light concentration levels. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Ochoa, M AU - Steiner, MA AU - Garcia, I AU - Geisz, J F AU - Friedman, D J AU - Algora, C AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. Y1 - 2016/03// PY - 2016 DA - March 2016 SP - 357 EP - 367 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Behavior KW - Solar cells KW - Temperature KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776645606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Influence+of+temperature+on+luminescent+coupling+and+material+quality+evaluation+in+inverted+lattice-matched+and+metamorphic+multi-junction+solar+cells&rft.au=Ochoa%2C+M%3BSteiner%2C+MA%3BGarcia%2C+I%3BGeisz%2C+J+F%3BFriedman%2C+D+J%3BAlgora%2C+C&rft.aulast=Ochoa&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.2714 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Behavior; Solar cells; Temperature DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2714 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remarkable stability of unmodified GaAs photocathodes during hydrogen evolution in acidic electrolyte AN - 1776666286; PQ0002736172 AB - We report on the remarkable stability of unmodified, epitaxially grown GaAs photocathodes during hydrogen evolution at -15 mA cm super(-2) in 3 M sulfuric acid electrolyte. Contrary to the perception regarding instability of III-V photoelectrodes, results here show virtually no performance degradation and minimal etching after 120 hours. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Young, J L AU - Steirer, K X AU - Dzara, MJ AU - Turner, JA AU - Deutsch, T G AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO; 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DA - February 2016 SP - 2831 EP - 2836 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 4 IS - 8 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Electrolytes KW - Degradation KW - Perception KW - Energy KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Hydrogen KW - Sustainability KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776666286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Remarkable+stability+of+unmodified+GaAs+photocathodes+during+hydrogen+evolution+in+acidic+electrolyte&rft.au=Young%2C+J+L%3BSteirer%2C+K+X%3BDzara%2C+MJ%3BTurner%2C+JA%3BDeutsch%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ta07648j LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Last updated - 2016-04-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electrolytes; Degradation; Perception; Energy; Sulfuric acid; Hydrogen; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta07648j ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progress toward an advanced four-subcell inverted metamorphic multi-junction (IMM) solar cell AN - 1776656831; PQ0002808931 AB - We report progress on the development of an advanced four-subcell IMM CPV solar cell that is designed for extremely high conversion efficiency under realistic concentrator operating conditions. Practical considerations allowing the design to mitigate problems related to Al-containing alloys, lattice mismatch, non-ideal short-wavelength response, and reflection losses are described. Performance modeling is used to guide the choice of optimal subcell band gaps for the new IMM cell. Early experimental efforts to develop and implement the new design are described and discussed. We report progress on the development of an advanced four-subcell IMM CPV solar cell that is designed for extremely high conversion efficiency under realistic concentrator operating conditions. Practical considerations allowing the design to mitigate problems related to Al-containing alloys, lattice mismatch, non-ideal short-wavelength response, and reflection losses are described. Performance modeling is used to guide the choice of optimal subcell band gaps for the new IMMcell. Early experimental efforts to develop and implement the new design are described and discussed. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Wanlass, Mark W AU - Ahrenkiel, Scott P AU - Carapella, Jeffrey J AU - Friedman, Daniel J AU - Osterwald, Carl R AU - Romero, Manuel AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2016/02// PY - 2016 DA - February 2016 SP - 139 EP - 149 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Solar cells KW - Alloys KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776656831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Progress+toward+an+advanced+four-subcell+inverted+metamorphic+multi-junction+%28IMM%29+solar+cell&rft.au=Wanlass%2C+Mark+W%3BAhrenkiel%2C+Scott+P%3BCarapella%2C+Jeffrey+J%3BFriedman%2C+Daniel+J%3BOsterwald%2C+Carl+R%3BRomero%2C+Manuel&rft.aulast=Wanlass&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2016-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.2609 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Solar cells; Alloys DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2609 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Game Theoretic Approach to Risk-Based Optimal Bidding Strategies for Electric Vehicle Aggregators in Electricity Markets With Variable Wind Energy Resources AN - 1808724744; PQ0003314305 AB - This paper proposes a stochastic optimization model for optimal bidding strategies of electric vehicle (EV) aggregators in day-ahead energy and ancillary services markets with variable wind energy. The forecast errors of EV fleet characteristics, hourly loads, and wind energy as well as random outages of generating units and transmission lines are considered as potential uncertainties, which are represented by scenarios in the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The conditional value at risk (CVaR) index is utilized for measuring EV aggregators risks caused by the uncertainties. The EV aggregators optimal bidding strategy is formulated as a mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints (MPEC), in which the upper level problem is the aggregators CVaR maximization while the lower level problem corresponds to the system operation cost minimization. The bi-level problem is transformed into a single-level mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem using the prime-dual formulation with linearized constraints. The progressive hedging algorithm (PHA) is utilized to solve the resulting single-level MILP problem. A game theoretic approach is developed for analyzing the competition among the EV aggregators. Numerical cases are studied for a modified 6-bus system and the IEEE 118-bus system. The results show the validity of the proposed approach and the impact of the aggregators bidding strategies on the stochastic electricity market operation. JF - IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy AU - Wu, Hongyu AU - Shahidehpour, Mohammad AU - Alabdulwahab, Ahmed AU - Abusorrah, Abdullah AD - Power Systems Engineering Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 374 EP - 385 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., USA VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1949-3029, 1949-3029 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - Stochastic models KW - Wind energy KW - Game theory KW - Energy KW - Economics KW - Linear programming KW - Electricity KW - Hedging KW - Mathematical programming KW - Competition KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1808724744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Sustainable+Energy&rft.atitle=A+Game+Theoretic+Approach+to+Risk-Based+Optimal+Bidding+Strategies+for+Electric+Vehicle+Aggregators+in+Electricity+Markets+With+Variable+Wind+Energy+Resources&rft.au=Wu%2C+Hongyu%3BShahidehpour%2C+Mohammad%3BAlabdulwahab%2C+Ahmed%3BAbusorrah%2C+Abdullah&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Hongyu&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Sustainable+Energy&rft.issn=19493029&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTSTE.2015.2498200 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monte Carlo simulation; Stochastic models; Game theory; Wind energy; Energy; Linear programming; Economics; Electricity; Mathematical programming; Hedging; Competition DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2015.2498200 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solar-to-hydrogen efficiency: shining light on photoelectrochemical device performance AN - 1787976739; PQ0002954520 AB - Illumination characteristics from artificial sources strongly influence the experimental performance of solar water-splitting devices, with the highest impact on tandem structures designed for optimum conversion efficiency. We highlight quantitative and qualitative flaws of common characterization techniques, discuss their impact on research results and strategy, and demonstrate approaches toward advanced measurement accuracy. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Doscher, H AU - Young, J L AU - Geisz, J F AU - Turner, JA AU - Deutsch, T G AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 74 EP - 80 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Energy KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1787976739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Solar-to-hydrogen+efficiency%3A+shining+light+on+photoelectrochemical+device+performance&rft.au=Doscher%2C+H%3BYoung%2C+J+L%3BGeisz%2C+J+F%3BTurner%2C+JA%3BDeutsch%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Doscher&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ee03206g LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee03206g ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conceptual process design and economics for the production of high-octane gasoline blendstock via indirect liquefaction of biomass through methanol/dimethyl ether intermediates AN - 1780534092; PQ0002767732 AB - This work describes in detail one potential conversion process for the production of high-octane gasoline blendstock via indirect liquefaction of biomass. The processing steps of this pathway include the conversion of biomass to synthesis gas via indirect gasification, gas clean-up via reforming of tars and other hydrocarbons, catalytic conversion of syngas to methanol, methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether (DME), and the homologation of DME over a zeolite catalyst to high-octane gasoline-range hydrocarbon products. The current process configuration has similarities to conventional methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) technologies, but there are key distinctions, specifically regarding the product slate, catalysts, and reactor conditions. A techno-economic analysis is performed to investigate the production of high-octane gasoline blendstock. The design features a processing daily capacity of 2000 tonnes (2205 short tons) of dry biomass. The process yields 271 liters of liquid fuel per dry tonne of biomass (65 gal/dry ton), for an annual fuel production rate of 178 million liters (47 MM gal) at 90% on-stream time. The estimated total capital investment for an n super(th)-plant is $438 million. The resulting minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) is $0.86 per liter or $3.25 per gallon in 2011 US dollars. A rigorous sensitivity analysis captures uncertainties in costs and plant performance. Sustainability metrics for the conversion process are quantified and assessed. The potential premium value of the high-octane gasoline blendstock is examined and found to be at least as competitive as fossil-derived blendstocks. A simple blending strategy is proposed to demonstrate the potential for blending the biomass-derived blendstock with petroleum-derived intermediates. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Tan, Eric CD AU - Talmadge, Michael AU - Dutta, Abhijit AU - Hensley, Jesse AU - Snowden-Swan, Lesley J AU - Humbird, David AU - Schaidle, Joshua AU - Biddy, Mary AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 17 EP - 35 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Blends KW - Gasoline KW - Methyl alcohol KW - Drying KW - Conversion KW - Catalysts KW - Biomass KW - Blending UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1780534092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Conceptual+process+design+and+economics+for+the+production+of+high-octane+gasoline+blendstock+via+indirect+liquefaction+of+biomass+through+methanol%2Fdimethyl+ether+intermediates&rft.au=Tan%2C+Eric+CD%3BTalmadge%2C+Michael%3BDutta%2C+Abhijit%3BHensley%2C+Jesse%3BSnowden-Swan%2C+Lesley+J%3BHumbird%2C+David%3BSchaidle%2C+Joshua%3BBiddy%2C+Mary&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1611 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1611 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Air pollutant emissions inventory of large-scale production of selected biofuels feedstocks in 2022 AN - 1776668594; PQ0002767728 AB - For climate protection and energy security reasons, biofuels are proposed to replace a significant fraction of fossil transportation fuel. Recognition of differences in production pathways between biofuels and fossil fuels has motivated an emerging literature that considers air quality and human health impacts of potential changes to the magnitude, location, timing, and type of air pollutants emitted. To inform research and development of advanced biofuel production systems as well as air quality management decisions, we have developed a highly resolved inventory of air pollutant emissions for a baseline scenario of current and future US biofuel feedstock production systems using data from recent research. We find that in most US counties, production of cellulosic biofuel feedstocks using advanced practices exhibits lower air pollutant emissions than current corn grain production. An analysis of the contributing sources to each of the seven evaluated air pollutants helps identify emission reduction opportunities. Compared to the 2008 National Emissions Inventory, production of cellulosic biofuel feedstocks to meet regulatory requirements in 2022 typically represents small increments of air emissions, though for certain pollutants and counties, a threshold may be reached whereby further examination may be warranted to ensure air quality standards can be achieved. Given that the advanced biofuel supply chain system is in its infancy, considerable opportunities exist to minimize adverse impacts while maximizing the benefits of advanced biofuels. This analysis enables more informed technology development decisions and identification of mitigation opportunities in the biofuel feedstock production stage. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Zhang, Yimin AU - Heath, Garvin AU - Carpenter, Alberta AU - Fisher, Noah AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2016/01// PY - 2016 DA - January 2016 SP - 56 EP - 69 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776668594?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Air+pollutant+emissions+inventory+of+large-scale+production+of+selected+biofuels+feedstocks+in+2022&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yimin%3BHeath%2C+Garvin%3BCarpenter%2C+Alberta%3BFisher%2C+Noah&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yimin&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=56&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1620 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1620 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control limits for building energy end use based on frequency analysis and quantile regression AN - 1753466418; PQ0002367195 AB - For buildings designed to meet aggressive energy goals, there is a need for tools to assist in the monitoring and maintenance of performance once the building is in operation. In particular, dashboard visualizations that show real-time and historic end use energy consumption alongside expected performance are powerful tools for both occupant engagement and the identification of operational issues. This article focuses on two related approaches to calculating upper and lower control limits for acceptable ranges of end use, which use a combination of modeled and measured usage data to generate realistic energy-conservative control limits. The first approach centers on the analysis of frequency distributions for end use consumption as functions of a main effect variable, while the second approach uses multivariate quantile regression based on principal components to generate control limits from all available measured variables. JF - Energy Efficiency AU - Henze, Gregor P AU - Pless, Shanti AU - Petersen, Anya AU - Long, Nicholas AU - Scambos, Alexander T AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, gregor.henze@colorado.edu Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - 1077 EP - 1092 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 8 IS - 6 SN - 1570-646X, 1570-646X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Energy efficiency KW - Frequency analysis KW - Energy KW - Energy consumption KW - Buildings KW - Maintenance KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1753466418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Efficiency&rft.atitle=Control+limits+for+building+energy+end+use+based+on+frequency+analysis+and+quantile+regression&rft.au=Henze%2C+Gregor+P%3BPless%2C+Shanti%3BPetersen%2C+Anya%3BLong%2C+Nicholas%3BScambos%2C+Alexander+T&rft.aulast=Henze&rft.aufirst=Gregor&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1077&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Efficiency&rft.issn=1570646X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12053-015-9342-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy efficiency; Historical account; Frequency analysis; Energy; Energy consumption; Buildings; Maintenance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-015-9342-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving wind turbine drivetrain designs to minimize the impacts of non-torque loads AN - 1727679259; PQ0002192934 AB - Non-torque loads induced by the wind turbine rotor overhang weight and aerodynamic forces can greatly affect drivetrain loads and responses. If not addressed properly, these loads can result in a decrease in gearbox component life. This work uses analytical modeling, computational modeling and experimental approaches to evaluate two distinct drivetrain designs that minimize the effects of non-torque loads on gearbox reliability: a modified three-point suspension drivetrain studied by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) and the Pure Torque registered drivetrain developed by Alstom. In the original GRC drivetrain, the unequal planetary load distribution and sharing were present and they can lead to gear tooth pitting and reduce the lives of the planet bearings. The NREL GRC team modified the original design of its drivetrain by changing the rolling element bearings in the planetary gear stage. In this modified design, gearbox bearings in the planetary gear stage are anticipated to transmit non-torque loads directly to the gearbox housing rather than the gears. Alstom's Pure Torque drivetrain has a hub support configuration that transmits non-torque loads directly into the tower rather than through the gearbox as in other design approaches. An analytical model of Alstom's Pure Torque drivetrain provides insight into the relationships among turbine component weights, aerodynamic forces and the resulting drivetrain loads. In Alstom's Pure Torque drivetrain, main shaft bending loads are orders of magnitude lower than the rated torque and hardly affected by wind speed, gusts or turbine operations. JF - Wind Energy AU - Guo, Yi AU - Bergua, Roger AU - Dam, Jeroen AU - Jove, Jordi AU - Campbell, Jon AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - 2199 EP - 2222 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Turbines KW - Laboratory testing KW - Housing KW - Wind energy KW - Aerodynamics KW - Renewable energy KW - Velocity KW - Design KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1727679259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Improving+wind+turbine+drivetrain+designs+to+minimize+the+impacts+of+non-torque+loads&rft.au=Guo%2C+Yi%3BBergua%2C+Roger%3BDam%2C+Jeroen%3BJove%2C+Jordi%3BCampbell%2C+Jon&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Yi&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.1815 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Wind energy; Housing; Laboratory testing; Renewable energy; Aerodynamics; Velocity; Design DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.1815 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simulation comparison of wake mitigation control strategies for a two-turbine case AN - 1727677568; PQ0002192943 AB - Wind turbines arranged in a wind plant impact each other through their wakes. Wind plant control is an active research field that attempts to improve wind plant performance by coordinating control of individual turbines to take into account these turbine-wake interactions. In this paper, high-fidelity simulations of a two-turbine fully waked scenario are used to investigate several wake mitigation strategies, including modification of yaw and tilt angles of an upstream turbine to induce wake skew, as well as repositioning of the downstream turbine. The simulation results are compared through change relative to a baseline operation in terms of overall power capture and loading on the upstream and downstream turbine. Results demonstrated improved power production for all methods. Analysis of control options, including individual pitch control, shows potential to minimize the increase of, or even reduce, turbine loads. JF - Wind Energy AU - Fleming, Paul AU - Gebraad, Pieter MO AU - Lee, Sang AU - Wingerden, Jan-Willem AU - Johnson, Kathryn AU - Churchfield, Matt AU - Michalakes, John AU - Spalart, Philippe AU - Moriarty, Patrick AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. Y1 - 2015/12// PY - 2015 DA - December 2015 SP - 2135 EP - 2143 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 18 IS - 12 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Turbines KW - Mitigation KW - Wind energy KW - Simulation KW - Upstream KW - Downstream KW - Wind KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1727677568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Simulation+comparison+of+wake+mitigation+control+strategies+for+a+two-turbine+case&rft.au=Fleming%2C+Paul%3BGebraad%2C+Pieter+MO%3BLee%2C+Sang%3BWingerden%2C+Jan-Willem%3BJohnson%2C+Kathryn%3BChurchfield%2C+Matt%3BMichalakes%2C+John%3BSpalart%2C+Philippe%3BMoriarty%2C+Patrick&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.1810 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Mitigation; Wind energy; Upstream; Simulation; Downstream; Wind DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.1810 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Towards lignin consolidated bioprocessing: simultaneous lignin depolymerization and product generation by bacteria AN - 1787958574; PQ0002999230 AB - Lignin represents an untapped resource in lignocellulosic biomass, primarily due to its recalcitrance to depolymerization and its intrinsic heterogeneity. In Nature, microorganisms have evolved mechanisms to both depolymerize lignin using extracellular oxidative enzymes and to uptake the aromatic species generated during depolymerization for carbon and energy sources. The ability of microbes to conduct both of these processes simultaneously could enable a Consolidated Bioprocessing concept to be applied to lignin, similar to what is done today with polysaccharide conversion to ethanol viaethanologenic, cellulolytic microbes. To that end, here we examine the ability of 14 bacteria to secrete ligninolytic enzymes, depolymerize lignin, uptake aromatic and other compounds present in a biomass-derived, lignin-enriched stream, and, under nitrogen-limiting conditions, accumulate intracellular carbon storage compounds that can be used as fuel, chemical, or material precursors. In shake flask conditions using a substrate produced during alkaline pretreatment, we demonstrate that up to nearly 30% of the initial lignin can be depolymerized and catabolized by a subset of bacteria. In particular, Amycolatopsissp., two Pseudomonas putidastrains, AcinetobacterADP1, and Rhodococcus jostiiare able to depolymerize high molecular weight lignin species and catabolize a significant portion of the low molecular weight aromatics, thus representing good starting hosts for metabolic engineering. This study also provides a comprehensive set of experimental tools to simultaneously study lignin depolymerization and aromatic catabolism in bacteria, and provides a foundation towards the concept of Lignin Consolidated Bioprocessing, which may eventually be an important route for biological lignin valorization. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Salvachua, Davinia AU - Karp, Eric M AU - Nimlos, Claire T AU - Vardon, Derek R AU - Beckham, Gregg T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA; +1-303-384-7806 Y1 - 2015/11// PY - 2015 DA - November 2015 SP - 4951 EP - 4967 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 17 IS - 11 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Bacteria KW - Fuels KW - Enzymes KW - Pseudomonas KW - Biomass KW - Energy sources KW - Rhodococcus KW - Carbon sequestration KW - Green development KW - Microorganisms KW - Uptake KW - Ethanol KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1787958574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Towards+lignin+consolidated+bioprocessing%3A+simultaneous+lignin+depolymerization+and+product+generation+by+bacteria&rft.au=Salvachua%2C+Davinia%3BKarp%2C+Eric+M%3BNimlos%2C+Claire+T%3BVardon%2C+Derek+R%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg+T&rft.aulast=Salvachua&rft.aufirst=Davinia&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=4951&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5gc01165e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 114 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon sequestration; Fuels; Green development; Microorganisms; Enzymes; Uptake; Biomass; Energy sources; Ethanol; Rhodococcus; Bacteria; Pseudomonas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc01165e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the stability of organometallic perovskite thin films AN - 1827925468; PQ0003646916 AB - Organometallic halide perovskites have emerged as a revolutionary class of light-absorbing semiconductors that have demonstrated a rapid increase in efficiency within a few years of active research. However, chemical stability is a major issue that hampers their large-scale implementation. Therefore being able to monitor the degradation rate of perovskite thin films may help understand the key factors governing the stability of this material system. Here, we use grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) measurements to elucidate the role of chlorine and the substrate in the stability of perovskite CH3NH3Pb(I1-xClx)3 (MAPbI) films for solar cells exposed to ambient atmosphere for more than 30 days. MAPbI films with different concentrations of chlorine were deposited on glass, ITO, and Si substrates. We found that the degradation rate of the perovskite that decomposes into PbI2 depends on the used substrate as well as the concentration of Cl. Through first principles calculations, we propose a mechanism on how chlorine affects the perovskite film properties. Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency of the fabricated perovskite planar heterojunction solar cells is investigated. The highest device performance with an efficiency of 15.7% is obtained with the 10% Cl film at the cost of stability. These findings lead to an improved understanding of more controllable processing schemes for hybrid perovskites. They also offer a potential route to control the degradation rate so as to create more favorable ways of producing stable films and devices from these materials. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Ndione, P F AU - Yin, W-J AU - Zhu, K AU - Wei, S-H AU - Berry, J J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; USA Y1 - 2015/10// PY - 2015 DA - October 2015 SP - 21940 EP - 21945 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 3 IS - 43 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Fabrics KW - Degradation KW - Grazing KW - Solar cells KW - Energy KW - Hybrids KW - Chlorine KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Halides KW - Atmosphere KW - Sustainability KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1827925468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+stability+of+organometallic+perovskite+thin+films&rft.au=Ndione%2C+P+F%3BYin%2C+W-J%3BZhu%2C+K%3BWei%2C+S-H%3BBerry%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Ndione&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=21940&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ta05693d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-26 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fabrics; Degradation; Grazing; Hybrids; Energy; Solar cells; Chlorine; X-ray diffraction; Atmosphere; Halides; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta05693d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-Throughput Method for Determining the Sugar Content in Biomass with Pyrolysis Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry AN - 1753523274; PQ0002073328 AB - There is an important need to assess biomass recalcitrance in large populations of both natural and transgenic plants to identify promising candidates for lignocellulosic biofuel production. In order to properly test and optimize parameters for biofuel production, the starting sugar content must be known to calculate percent sugar yield and conversion efficiencies. Pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) has been used as a high-throughput method for determination of lignin content and structure, and this report demonstrates its applicability for determining glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, and mannose content in biomass. Biomass from conifers, hardwoods, and herbaceous species were used to create a 44 sample partial least squares (PLS) regression models of py-MBMS spectra-based sugar estimates on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) sugar content data. The total sugar py-MBMS regression model had a R super(2) of 0.91 with a 0.17 mg/mg root mean square error of validation indicating accurate estimation of total sugar content for a range of biomass types. Models were validated using eight independent biomass samples from multiple species, with predictions falling within errors of the HPLC data. With a data collection time of 1.5 min per sample, py-MBMS serves as a rapid high-throughput method for quantifying sugar content in biomass. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Sykes, Robert W AU - Gjersing, Erica L AU - Doeppke, Crissa L AU - Davis, Mark F AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA robert.sykes@nrel.gov PY - 2015 SP - 964 EP - 972 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Pyrolysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Fuels KW - Regression KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Molecular beams KW - Biomass KW - Sugars UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1753523274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=High-Throughput+Method+for+Determining+the+Sugar+Content+in+Biomass+with+Pyrolysis+Molecular+Beam+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.au=Sykes%2C+Robert+W%3BGjersing%2C+Erica+L%3BDoeppke%2C+Crissa+L%3BDavis%2C+Mark+F&rft.aulast=Sykes&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=964&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-015-9610-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9610-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parameter determination and validation for a mechanistic model of the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose-I sub( beta ) AN - 1732807426; PQ0002230491 AB - Cost-effective production of fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass often involves enzymatic saccharification, which has been the subject of intense research and development. Recently, a mechanistic model for the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose has been developed that accounts for distribution of cellulose chain lengths, the accessibility of insoluble cellulose to enzymes, and the distinct modes of action of the component cellulases [Griggs et al. (2012) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 109(3):665-675; Griggs et al. (2012) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 109(3):676-685]. However, determining appropriate values for the adsorption, inhibition, and rate parameters required further experimental investigation. In this work, we performed several sets of experiments to aid in parameter estimation and to quantitatively validate the model. Cellulosic materials differing in degrees of polymerization and crystallinity ( alpha -cellulose-I sub( beta ) and highly crystalline cellulose-I sub( beta )) were digested by component enzymes (EG sub(I)/CBH sub(I)/ [Formulaomitted]) and by mixtures of these enzymes. Based on information from the literature and the results from these experiments, a single set of model parameters was determined, and the model simulation results using this set of parameters were compared with the experimental data of total glucan conversion, chain-length distribution, and crystallinity. Model simulations show significant agreement with the experimentally derived glucan conversion and chain-length distribution curves and provide interesting insights into multiple complex and interacting physico-chemical phenomena involved in enzymatic hydrolysis, including enzyme synergism, substrate accessibility, cellulose chain length distribution and crystallinity, and inhibition of cellulases by soluble sugars. copyright 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:1237-1248, 2015 JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Nag, Ambarish AU - Sprague, Michael A AU - Griggs, Andrew J AU - Lischeske, James J AU - Stickel, Jonathan J AU - Mittal, Ashutosh AU - Wang, Wei AU - Johnson, David K AD - Computational Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013, Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401. Y1 - 2015/09// PY - 2015 DA - September 2015 SP - 1237 EP - 1248 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 8756-7938, 8756-7938 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Crystallinity KW - Data processing KW - Polymerization KW - Fuels KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Cellulase KW - Adsorption KW - glucans KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732807426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Parameter+determination+and+validation+for+a+mechanistic+model+of+the+enzymatic+saccharification+of+cellulose-I+sub%28+beta+%29&rft.au=Nag%2C+Ambarish%3BSprague%2C+Michael+A%3BGriggs%2C+Andrew+J%3BLischeske%2C+James+J%3BStickel%2C+Jonathan+J%3BMittal%2C+Ashutosh%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BJohnson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Nag&rft.aufirst=Ambarish&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=87567938&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbtpr.2122 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Crystallinity; Polymerization; Data processing; Fuels; Cellulose; Adsorption; Enzymes; Biomass; Hydrolysis; glucans; Cellulase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.2122 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Algal Biomass for Biofuels and Bioproducts: Overview of Boundary Conditions and Regulatory Landscape to Define Future Algal Biorefineries AN - 1859479161; PQ0003999206 AB - As algal biofuels and bioproducts move from research to commercial-scale production, the demand for rigorous experimentation and validation to determine the requisite data and sustainability metrics on biomass products increases. To establish long-term cultivation and biorefinery operational trials, projects need to harmonize the requirements of techno-economic and life cycle analysis models with standardized data inputs. We propose a set of descriptive metrics and methodologies that uniformly characterize these operations. Through harmonization and use of a common language the algae industry can eliminate confusion and accelerate its growth. By identifying the sources and characteristics of the inputs, and the intended fates and characteristics of the outputs, we allow for upstream and downstream life cycle environmental and techno-economic analyses. Furthermore, with knowledge and quantification of the inputs and outputs, we can understand the value flow of an algae biorefinery operation. Data on the upstream source of inputs and downstream fate of outputs add further information on the sustainability and environmental footprint of an operation. As the size of an algae facility increases, so does the importance of having a comprehensive understanding of its operational footprint. Two of the critical elements of a successful biorefinery installation are the establishment of a common basis for measuring growth, productivity and sustainability of the major algal components; and navigation of the correct regulatory network and compliance with state and federal requirements for marketing biobased fuels and products. We will review the current state of measurements in the areas of algae-based fuels and products, shedding light on consistencies and inconsistencies, and providing a future pathway toward standardization. JF - Industrial Biotechnology AU - Laurens, Lieve ML AU - Slaby, Emilie F AU - Clapper, Gina M AU - Howell, Steve AU - Scott, Don AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO Y1 - 2015/08// PY - 2015 DA - August 2015 SP - 221 EP - 228 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers, 140 Huguenot St 3rd Fl New Rochelle NY 10801 United States VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1550-9087, 1550-9087 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Data processing KW - Fuels KW - Landscape KW - Life cycle KW - Biomass KW - Models KW - Standardization KW - Reviews KW - Boundaries KW - Language KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Algae KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859479161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Algal+Biomass+for+Biofuels+and+Bioproducts%3A+Overview+of+Boundary+Conditions+and+Regulatory+Landscape+to+Define+Future+Algal+Biorefineries&rft.au=Laurens%2C+Lieve+ML%3BSlaby%2C+Emilie+F%3BClapper%2C+Gina+M%3BHowell%2C+Steve%3BScott%2C+Don&rft.aulast=Laurens&rft.aufirst=Lieve&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Industrial+Biotechnology&rft.issn=15509087&rft_id=info:doi/10.1089%2Find.2015.0007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Fuels; Landscape; Life cycle; Biomass; Models; Standardization; Reviews; Boundaries; Language; Biofuels; Biotechnology; Algae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ind.2015.0007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass: the reactions of water and aromatic intermediates produces phenols AN - 1705061614; PQ0001843356 AB - During catalytic upgrading over HZSM-5 of vapors from fast pyrolysis of biomass (ex situCFP), water reacts with aromatic intermediates to form phenols that are then desorbed from the catalyst micropores and produced as products. We observe this reaction using real time measurement of products from neat CFP and with added steam. The reaction is confirmed when super(18)O-labeled water is used as the steam source and the labeled oxygen is identified in the phenol products. Furthermore, phenols are observed when cellulose pyrolysis vapors are reacted over the HZSM-5 catalyst in steam. This suggests that the phenols do not only arise from phenolic products formed during the pyrolysis of the lignin component of biomass; phenols are also formed by reaction of water molecules with aromatic intermediates formed during the transformation of all of the pyrolysis products. Water formation during biomass pyrolysis is involved in this reaction and leads to the common observation of phenols in products from neat CFP. Steam also reduces the formation of non-reactive carbon in the zeolite catalysts and decreases the rate of deactivation and the amount of measured "coke" on the catalyst. These CFP results were obtained in a flow microreactor coupled to a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS), which allowed for real-time measurement of products and facilitated determination of the impact of steam during catalytic upgrading, complemented by a tandem micropyrolyzer connected to a GCMS for identification of the products. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - McBrayer, Josefine D AU - Evans, Tabitha J AU - Budhi, Sridhar AU - Robichaud, David J AU - Iisa, Kristiina AU - ten Dam, Jeroen AU - Watson, Michael J AU - Baldwin, Robert M AU - Nimlos, Mark R AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401-3393; USA; , calvin.mukarakate@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/08// PY - 2015 DA - August 2015 SP - 4217 EP - 4227 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 17 IS - 8 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Pyrolysis KW - Oxygen KW - Vapors KW - Green development KW - Cellulose KW - Coke KW - Catalysts KW - Zeolites KW - Biomass KW - Phenols KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1705061614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Catalytic+fast+pyrolysis+of+biomass%3A+the+reactions+of+water+and+aromatic+intermediates+produces+phenols&rft.au=Mukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BMcBrayer%2C+Josefine+D%3BEvans%2C+Tabitha+J%3BBudhi%2C+Sridhar%3BRobichaud%2C+David+J%3BIisa%2C+Kristiina%3Bten+Dam%2C+Jeroen%3BWatson%2C+Michael+J%3BBaldwin%2C+Robert+M%3BNimlos%2C+Mark+R&rft.aulast=Mukarakate&rft.aufirst=Calvin&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5gc00805k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 70 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyrolysis; Oxygen; Vapors; Cellulose; Green development; Coke; Zeolites; Catalysts; Biomass; Phenols DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc00805k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparation of Cd/Pb Chalcogenide Heterostructured Janus Particles via Controllable Cation Exchange. AN - 1700103194; 26161785 AB - We developed a strategy for producing quasi-spherical nanocrystals of anisotropic heterostructures of Cd/Pb chalcogenides. The nanostructures are fabricated via a controlled cation exchange reaction where the Cd(2+) cation is exchanged for the Pb(2+) cation. The cation exchange reaction is thermally activated and can be controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature or time. We characterized the particles using TEM, XPS, PL, and absorption spectroscopy. With complete exchange, high quality Pb-chalcogenide quantum dots are produced. In addition to Cd(2+), we also find suitable conditions for the exchange of Zn(2+) cations for Pb(2+) cations. The cation exchange is anisotropic starting at one edge of the nanocrystals and proceeds along the ⟨111⟩ direction producing a sharp interface at a (111) crystallographic plane. Instead of spherical core/shell structures, we produced and studied quasi-spherical CdS/PbS and CdSe/PbSe Janus-type heterostructures. Nontrivial PL behavior was observed from the CdS(e)/PbS(e) heterostructures as the Pb:Cd ratio is increased. JF - ACS nano AU - Zhang, Jianbing AU - Chernomordik, Boris D AU - Crisp, Ryan W AU - Kroupa, Daniel M AU - Luther, Joseph M AU - Miller, Elisa M AU - Gao, Jianbo AU - Beard, Matthew C AD - †School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430074, China. ; ‡Chemical and Material Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States. ; ⊥Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States. Y1 - 2015/07/28/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jul 28 SP - 7151 EP - 7163 VL - 9 IS - 7 KW - heterostructures KW - cation-exchange reactions KW - quantum dots KW - lead chalcogenide KW - synthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1700103194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+nano&rft.atitle=Preparation+of+Cd%2FPb+Chalcogenide+Heterostructured+Janus+Particles+via+Controllable+Cation+Exchange.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jianbing%3BChernomordik%2C+Boris+D%3BCrisp%2C+Ryan+W%3BKroupa%2C+Daniel+M%3BLuther%2C+Joseph+M%3BMiller%2C+Elisa+M%3BGao%2C+Jianbo%3BBeard%2C+Matthew+C&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jianbing&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=7151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+nano&rft.issn=1936-086X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Facsnano.5b01859 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2015-11-23 N1 - Date created - 2015-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b01859 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nesting an incompressible-flow code within a compressible-flow code: A two-dimensional study AN - 1765966136; PQ0002461134 AB - We consider numerical algorithms appropriate for one- and two-way coupling between meso-scale and micro-scale fluid-dynamics codes for wind energy computing. At the meso-scale is a numerical weather-prediction code, which is typically based on the compressible-flow Euler equations. At the micro-scale, surrounding one or more wind turbines, is a computational fluid dynamics code, which is typically based on the incompressible-flow Navier-Stokes equations. When calculating short-duration flow around wind turbines, one-way coupling is sufficient, where the meso-scale computational model drives the micro-scale model. However, in long-duration simulations involving large wind farms, the influence of the wind farm on the meso-scale weather may no longer be insignificant and two-way coupling is warranted. In this study, we focus on a simple two-dimensional system, for which our goal is to devise one- and two-way coupling algorithms that can effectively transport a vortex propagating in laminar flow from one domain to the other. Two coupling schemes and their numerical implementation are described: partial-boundary coupling and projection coupling. In the former, the micro-scale-domain boundary is decomposed, based on the meso-scale solution, into sections corresponding to inflow and outflow. The micro-scale model has Dirichlet- and Neumann-type boundary conditions on these sections, respectively. In projection coupling, the meso-scale solution is projected onto the incompressible-flow solution space in the micro-scale domain, from which Dirichlet-type boundary conditions are derived. In these simulations, the uncoupled meso-scale solution is taken as the reference, and the best coupling method is that which produces solutions that deviate the least from the reference. In one-way coupling, under a simple two-dimensional laminar-flow test case, partial-boundary coupling was more effective than projection coupling. However, in two-way coupling, projection coupling was the best performer. JF - Computers & Fluids AU - Sprague, Michael A AU - Satkauskas, Ignas AD - Computational Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA, Michael.A.Sprague@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/07/22/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jul 22 SP - 75 EP - 85 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 115 SN - 0045-7930, 0045-7930 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Wind energy KW - Multi-scale KW - Model coupling KW - Computational fluid dynamics KW - Numerical weather prediction KW - Weather KW - Farms KW - Mathematical models KW - Boundary Conditions KW - Climate KW - Algorithms KW - Projections KW - Model Studies KW - Turbines KW - Wind power KW - Wind farm KW - Laminar flow KW - Nesting KW - Boundaries KW - Fluid dynamics KW - Reproductive behaviour KW - Wind KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09183:Physics and chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1765966136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Fluids&rft.atitle=Nesting+an+incompressible-flow+code+within+a+compressible-flow+code%3A+A+two-dimensional+study&rft.au=Sprague%2C+Michael+A%3BSatkauskas%2C+Ignas&rft.aulast=Sprague&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2015-07-22&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Fluids&rft.issn=00457930&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.compfluid.2015.03.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Wind power; Mathematical models; Laminar flow; Wind farm; Nesting; Climate; Fluid dynamics; Reproductive behaviour; Weather; Farms; Boundary Conditions; Boundaries; Algorithms; Projections; Wind; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.03.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Different binding modes of Cu and Pb vs. Cd, Ni, and Zn with the trihydroxamate siderophore desferrioxamine B at sea water ionic strength AN - 1729847886; 2015-104607 AB - The solution speciation in seawater of divalent trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) is dominated by strong, ostensibly metal-specific organic ligands that may play important roles in microbial metal acquisition and/or detoxification processes. We compare the effective stabilities of these metal-organic complexes to the stabilities of their complexes with a model siderophore, desferrioxamine B (DFOB). While metal-DFOB complexation has been studied in various dilute but often moderately coordinating media, for the purpose of this investigation we measured the stability constants in a non-coordinating background electrolyte at seawater ionic strength (0.7 M NaClO (sub 4) ). Potentiometric titrations of single metals (M) were performed in the presence of ligand (L) at different M:L molar ratios, whereupon the stability constants of multiple complexes were simultaneously determined by non-linear regression of the titration curves with FITEQL, using the optimal binding mode for each metal. Cadmium, Ni, and Zn, like trivalent Fe, sequentially form a bi-, tetra-, and hexadentate complex with DFOB as pH increases, consistent with their coordination number of 6 and regular octahedral geometry. Copper has a Jahn-Teller-distorted square-bipyramidal geometry whereas the geometry of Pb is cryptic, involving a range of bond lengths. Supported by a thermodynamic argument, our data suggest that this impedes binding of the third hydroxamate group and that the hexadentate Cu-DFOB and Pb-DFOB complex identified in earlier reports may instead be a deprotonated tetradentate complex. Absence of the hexadentate complex promotes the formation of a dinuclear (bidentate-tetradentate) complex, M (sub 2) HL (super 2+) , albeit not for Pb in 0.7 M NaCl, evidently due to extensive complexation with chloride. Stabilities of the hexadentate Ni-DFOB, Zn-DFOB, and the tetradentate Pb-DFOB complex are nearly equal, yet about 2 orders of magnitude higher and 4 orders of magnitude lower than those of the hexadentate Cd-DFOB and tetradentate Cu-DFOB complex, respectively. Linear free-energy relations defined by the rare earth elements are able to predict stabilities of the Cd, Zn, and one of the Pb complexes, but underestimate those of the Ni and Cu complexes. The comparison with metal-specific organic ligands detected in seawater yields fair agreement for three of the five metals, implying that they could be siderophore-like. The Cd- and Ni-specific ligands are much stronger and may contain quite different functional groups. Calculations with MINEQL incorporating our new stability constants indicate that very high DFOB concentrations would be required to match the extent of metal-organic complexation observed in seawater, however DFOB may well represent a much broader class of structurally related ligands. Abstract Copyright (2015) Elsevier, B.V. JF - Marine Chemistry AU - Schijf, Johan AU - Christenson, Emily A AU - Potter, Kailee J Y1 - 2015/07/20/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jul 20 SP - 40 EP - 51 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 173 SN - 0304-4203, 0304-4203 KW - zinc KW - sea water KW - titration KW - copper KW - complexing KW - statistical analysis KW - lead KW - molecular structure KW - models KW - organic compounds KW - ligands KW - chemical reactions KW - metals KW - nickel KW - cadmium KW - FITEQL model KW - valency KW - rare earths KW - regression analysis KW - pH KW - desferrioxamine KW - 02B:Hydrochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1729847886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Different+binding+modes+of+Cu+and+Pb+vs.+Cd%2C+Ni%2C+and+Zn+with+the+trihydroxamate+siderophore+desferrioxamine+B+at+sea+water+ionic+strength&rft.au=Schijf%2C+Johan%3BChristenson%2C+Emily+A%3BPotter%2C+Kailee+J&rft.aulast=Schijf&rft.aufirst=Johan&rft.date=2015-07-20&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Chemistry&rft.issn=03044203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.marchem.2015.02.014 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03044203 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - SCOR WG 139 N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2015, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 90 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-05 N1 - CODEN - MRCHBD N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cadmium; chemical reactions; complexing; copper; desferrioxamine; FITEQL model; lead; ligands; metals; models; molecular structure; nickel; organic compounds; pH; rare earths; regression analysis; sea water; statistical analysis; titration; valency; zinc DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.02.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct evidence of enhanced chlorine segregation at grain boundaries in polycrystalline CdTe thin films via three-dimensional TOF-SIMS imaging AN - 1694977956; PQ0001665390 AB - For more than 25years, the CdTe photovoltaic research and manufacturing communities have been subjecting CdTe materials to a CdCl sub(2) treatment or activation step to improve performance. However, little work has been carried out using imaging to elucidate the spatial distribution of chlorine in the CdTe devices after this treatment. This work addresses fundamental questions about the spatial distribution of chlorine in the CdTe absorber material after a CdCl sub(2) treatment comparable to industrial practices. We used a state-of-the-art, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (ION-TOF GmbH) (Muenster, Germany) with a lateral resolution of about 80nm to complete three-dimensional depth-profiling and imaging of two CdTe devices. The results clearly demonstrate enhanced chlorine concentration along grain boundaries, supporting the hypothesis that chlorine plays an important role in passivating grain boundaries in CdTe solar cells. The results are discussed in terms of possible passivation mechanisms, and the effect of chlorine on grain interiors and grain boundaries. The data are also used to estimate the free energy of segregation of chlorine to grain boundaries in CdTe. Direct visual evidence of enhanced chlorine concentration in CdTe films after a typical CdCl sub(2) treatment was obtained via high-resolution time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. This lends support to the prevailing hypothesis that chlorine helps to passivates grain boundaries in CdTe. The data were used to estimate the grain-boundary segregation enthalpy for chlorine in CdTe. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Harvey, Steven P AU - Teeter, Glenn AU - Moutinho, Helio AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. Y1 - 2015/07// PY - 2015 DA - Jul 2015 SP - 838 EP - 846 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 23 IS - 7 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Spatial distribution KW - Energy KW - Solar cells KW - Chlorine KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Germany KW - Grains KW - Germany, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Muenster KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1694977956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Direct+evidence+of+enhanced+chlorine+segregation+at+grain+boundaries+in+polycrystalline+CdTe+thin+films+via+three-dimensional+TOF-SIMS+imaging&rft.au=Harvey%2C+Steven+P%3BTeeter%2C+Glenn%3BMoutinho%2C+Helio%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak+M&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=838&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.2498 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Spatial distribution; Solar cells; Energy; Mass spectrometry; Chlorine; Grains; Germany; Germany, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Muenster DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2498 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Understanding Potential Air Emissions from a Cellulosic Biorefinery Producing Renewable Diesel Blendstock T2 - 108th Air and Waste Management Association Annual Conference AN - 1697992647; 6353318 JF - 108th Air and Waste Management Association Annual Conference AU - Zhang, Yimin AU - Renzaglia, Jason AU - Thomas, Mae AU - Heath, Garvin Y1 - 2015/06/22/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jun 22 KW - Emissions KW - Diesel UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1697992647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=108th+Air+and+Waste+Management+Association+Annual+Conference&rft.atitle=Understanding+Potential+Air+Emissions+from+a+Cellulosic+Biorefinery+Producing+Renewable+Diesel+Blendstock&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yimin%3BRenzaglia%2C+Jason%3BThomas%2C+Mae%3BHeath%2C+Garvin&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yimin&rft.date=2015-06-22&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=108th+Air+and+Waste+Management+Association+Annual+Conference&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ace2015.awma.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/01-7294-2015-ACE-Final-Program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-06-30 N1 - Last updated - 2015-07-23 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vibro-acoustic propagation of gear dynamics in a gear-bearing-housing system AN - 1732811711; PQ0002039831 AB - This work developed a computational process to predict noise radiation from gearboxes. It developed a system-level vibro-acoustic model of an actual gearbox, including gears, bearings, shafts, and housing structure, and compared the results to experiments. The meshing action of gear teeth causes vibrations to propagate through shafts and bearings to the housing radiating noise. The vibration excitation from the gear mesh and the system response were predicted using finite element and lumped-parameter models. From these results, the radiated noise was calculated using a boundary element model of the housing. Experimental vibration and noise measurements from the gearbox confirmed the computational predictions. The developed tool was used to investigate the influence of standard rolling element and modified journal bearings on gearbox radiated noise. JF - Noise and Vibration in Industry AU - Guo, Yi AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401-3305, United States PY - 2015 SP - 101 EP - 102 PB - Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd., 107 High St. Brentwood, Essex CM14 4RX United Kingdom VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0950-8163, 0950-8163 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Teeth KW - Housing KW - Radiation KW - Vibration KW - ENA 09:Land Use & Planning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732811711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noise+and+Vibration+in+Industry&rft.atitle=Vibro-acoustic+propagation+of+gear+dynamics+in+a+gear-bearing-housing+system&rft.au=Guo%2C+Yi&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Yi&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Noise+and+Vibration+in+Industry&rft.issn=09508163&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Teeth; Prediction; Radiation; Housing; Vibration ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photoelectrochemical water oxidation efficiency of a core/shell array photoanode enhanced by a dual suppression strategy. AN - 1680754116; 25711390 AB - The development of earth-abundant semiconductor photoelectrodes is of great importance to high-efficiency and sustainable photoelectrochemical water splitting. Herein, a one-dimensional TiO2 array photoanode was sheathed with an ultrathin overlayer of phosphated nickel-chromium double-metal hydroxide by a photoassisted modification and deposition strategy. The core/shell array photoanode resulted in a large cathodic shift of photocurrent onset potential (≈200 mV). Nearly 100 % oxidative efficiency for PEC water oxidation was achieved over a wide range of potential. Mechanism studies show that the modification of phosphate leads to significantly improved charge separation. The amorphous hydroxide sheath could efficiently inhibit oxygen reduction reactions. Therefore, this strategy enables the simultaneous suppression of surface carrier recombination and back reactions, which is promising to improve the water oxidation efficiency of currently prevailing photoanodes. JF - ChemSusChem AU - He, Wanhong AU - Yang, Ye AU - Wang, Liren AU - Yang, Junjiao AU - Xiang, Xu AU - Yan, Dongpeng AU - Li, Feng AD - State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 (P.R. China). ; Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 (USA). ; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 (P.R. China). xiangxu@mail.buct.edu.cn. ; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029 (P.R. China). yandongpeng001@163.com. Y1 - 2015/05/11/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 May 11 SP - 1568 EP - 1576 VL - 8 IS - 9 KW - Buffers KW - 0 KW - Hydroxides KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Index Medicus KW - sustainable chemistry KW - oxidation KW - photochemistry KW - electrochemistry KW - nanostructures KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Chromium -- chemistry KW - Electrodes KW - Hydroxides -- chemistry KW - Electrochemistry KW - Nickel -- chemistry KW - Catalysis KW - Water -- chemistry KW - Photochemical Processes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1680754116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ChemSusChem&rft.atitle=Photoelectrochemical+water+oxidation+efficiency+of+a+core%2Fshell+array+photoanode+enhanced+by+a+dual+suppression+strategy.&rft.au=He%2C+Wanhong%3BYang%2C+Ye%3BWang%2C+Liren%3BYang%2C+Junjiao%3BXiang%2C+Xu%3BYan%2C+Dongpeng%3BLi%2C+Feng&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=Wanhong&rft.date=2015-05-11&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1568&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ChemSusChem&rft.issn=1864-564X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fcssc.201403294 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2016-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2015-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-23 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201403294 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molybdenum incorporated mesoporous silica catalyst for production of biofuels and value-added chemicals via catalytic fast pyrolysis AN - 1692387363; PQ0001569346 AB - Production of value-added furans and phenols from biomass through catalytic fast pyrolysis of pine using molybdenum supported on KIT-5 mesoporous silica was explored. Catalysts containing different loadings of molybdenum were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, physisorption and chemisorption analysis, various electron microscopic techniques and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Characterization studies indicate that molybdenum is homogeneously distributed over the KIT-5 silica support in a +6 oxidation state. Fast pyrolysis of pine using molecular beam mass spectrometry with fresh Mo catalyst preferentially produced furans and phenols over conventionally observed aromatic hydrocarbons. Detailed investigation of model biopolymers indicates that the furans originated from the carbohydrate portion of the biomass and the phenols emerged predominantly from the lignin portion of biomass. Results obtained from MBMS were complemented using pyrolytic-GCMS. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Budhi, Sridhar AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - Iisa, Kristiina AU - Pylypenko, Svitlana AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Yung, Matthew M AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Katahira, Rui AU - Nimlos, Mark R AU - Trewyn, Brian G AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15523 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401-3393; USA Y1 - 2015/05// PY - 2015 DA - May 2015 SP - 3035 EP - 3046 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); METADEX (MD); Advanced Polymers Abstracts (EP); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Composites Industry Abstracts (ED); Engineered Materials Abstracts, Ceramics (EC) KW - Pyrolysis KW - Molybdenum KW - Catalysts KW - Furans KW - Biomass KW - Pine KW - Phenols KW - Silicon dioxide UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1692387363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Molybdenum+incorporated+mesoporous+silica+catalyst+for+production+of+biofuels+and+value-added+chemicals+via+catalytic+fast+pyrolysis&rft.au=Budhi%2C+Sridhar%3BMukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BIisa%2C+Kristiina%3BPylypenko%2C+Svitlana%3BCiesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BYung%2C+Matthew+M%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BKatahira%2C+Rui%3BNimlos%2C+Mark+R%3BTrewyn%2C+Brian+G&rft.aulast=Budhi&rft.aufirst=Sridhar&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3035&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc4gc02477j LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 47 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-08 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc02477j ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nickel oxide interlayer films from nickel formate-ethylenediamine precursor: influence of annealing on thin film properties and photovoltaic device performance AN - 1687664635; PQ0001569435 AB - An organometallic ink based on the nickel formate-ethylenediamine (Ni(O sub(2)CH) sub(2)(en) sub(2)) complex forms high performance NiO sub(x) thin film hole transport layers (HTL) in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Improved understanding of these HTLs functionality can be gained from temperature-dependent decomposition/oxidation chemistries during film formation and corresponding chemical structure-function relationships for energetics, charge selectivity, and transport in photovoltaic platforms. Investigations of as-cast films annealed in air (at 150 degree C-350 degree C), with and without subsequent O sub(2)-plasma treatment, were performed using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry to elucidate the decomposition and oxidation of the complex to NiO sub(x). Regardless of the anneal temperature, after exposure to O sub(2)-plasma, these HTLs exhibit work functions greater than the ionization potential of a prototype donor polymer poly(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-th ienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT), thereby meeting a primary requirement of energy level alignment. Thus, bulk-heterojunction (BHJ), OPV solar cells made on this series of NiO sub(x) HTLs all exhibit similar open circuit voltages (V sub(oc)). In contrast, the short circuit currents increase significantly from 1.7 to 11.2 mA cm super(-2) upon increasing the anneal temperature from 150 degree C to 250 degree C. Concomitantly, increased conductivity and electrical homogeneity of NiO sub(x) thin films are observed at the nanoscale using conductive tip-AFM. Similar V sub(oc) observed for all the O sub(2)-plasma treated NiO sub(x) interlayers and variations to nanoscale conductivity suggest that the HTLs all form charge selective contacts and that their carrier extraction efficiency is determined by the amount of precursor conversion to NiO sub(x). The separation of these two properties: selectivity and conductivity, sheds further light on charge selective interlayer functionality. JF - Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability AU - Steirer, K X AU - Richards, R E AU - Sigdel, A K AU - Garcia, A AU - Ndione, P F AU - Hammond, S AU - Baker, D AU - Ratcliff, EL AU - Curtis, C AU - Furtak, T AU - Ginley, D S AU - Olson, D C AU - Armstrong, N R AU - Berry, J J AD - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; Tucson; Arizona; USA; , Kenneth.Steirer@NREL.GOV Y1 - 2015/05// PY - 2015 DA - May 2015 SP - 10949 EP - 10958 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry VL - 3 IS - 20 SN - 2050-7488, 2050-7488 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fourier transforms KW - Prototypes KW - Energy KW - Solar cells KW - Nickel KW - Oxidation KW - Temperature KW - Spectroscopy KW - Polymers KW - Decomposition KW - Sustainability KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1687664635?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.atitle=Nickel+oxide+interlayer+films+from+nickel+formate-ethylenediamine+precursor%3A+influence+of+annealing+on+thin+film+properties+and+photovoltaic+device+performance&rft.au=Steirer%2C+K+X%3BRichards%2C+R+E%3BSigdel%2C+A+K%3BGarcia%2C+A%3BNdione%2C+P+F%3BHammond%2C+S%3BBaker%2C+D%3BRatcliff%2C+EL%3BCurtis%2C+C%3BFurtak%2C+T%3BGinley%2C+D+S%3BOlson%2C+D+C%3BArmstrong%2C+N+R%3BBerry%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Steirer&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=10949&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+materials+chemistry.+A%2C+Materials+for+energy+and+sustainability&rft.issn=20507488&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ta01379h LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 80 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fourier transforms; Prototypes; Solar cells; Energy; Oxidation; Nickel; Temperature; Polymers; Spectroscopy; Decomposition; Sustainability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01379h ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-resolved recombination analysis in kesterite polycrystalline thin films and photovoltaic devices with one-photon and two-photon excitation AN - 1686443630; PQ0001548481 AB - Minority carrier lifetime, [tau] sub(B), is one of the key metrics for polycrystalline solar cell absorbers. Based on different spatial carrier-generation profiles obtained using one-photon and two-photon excitation (1PE and 2PE, respectively), we developed a new approach to determine [tau] sub(B) in polycrystalline thin films. By comparing time-resolved photoluminescence data measured with 1PE and 2PE, we extract [tau] sub(B) and surface recombination velocity S, and resolve charge, separation at the pn junction. For coevaporated kesterite (Cu sub(2)ZnSnSe sub(4)) absorbers, we find S = (0.8-2.1) x 10 super(4) cm s super(-1) and [tau] sub(B) = 7.0 + or - 0.5 ns. For corresponding photovoltaic devices, charge separation occurs in < or = 2 ns. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Kuciauskas, Darius AU - Repins, Ingrid AU - Kanevce, Ana AU - Li, Jian V AU - Dippo, Pat AU - Beall, Carolyn L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401-3305, USA PY - 2015 SP - 100 EP - 105 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 136 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Kesterites KW - Photoluminescence KW - Time-resolved photoluminescence KW - Minority carrier lifetime KW - Separation KW - Solar cells KW - Minority carriers KW - Excitation KW - Charge KW - Solar energy KW - Thin films KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1686443630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Time-resolved+recombination+analysis+in+kesterite+polycrystalline+thin+films+and+photovoltaic+devices+with+one-photon+and+two-photon+excitation&rft.au=Kuciauskas%2C+Darius%3BRepins%2C+Ingrid%3BKanevce%2C+Ana%3BLi%2C+Jian+V%3BDippo%2C+Pat%3BBeall%2C+Carolyn+L&rft.aulast=Kuciauskas&rft.aufirst=Darius&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2014.12.038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.12.038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-cell-density cultivation of an engineered Rhodococcus opacus strain for lipid production via co-fermentation of glucose and xylose AN - 1691285240; PQ0001595944 AB - An engineered strain MITXM-61 of Rhodococcus opacus PD630 capable of utilizing xylose was used to produce biofuel precursor-triacylglycerols (TAG) from mixed glucose-xylose substrates. Optimal nitrogen source and carbon source concentrations were investigated for cell growth and microbial lipid production by MITXM-61 in flask cultures. In a two-stage batch culture, the maximum lipid yield (0.152 g TAG per g consumed carbon source) was achieved by utilizing a mixture of glucose and xylose. The fed-batch culture featured intermittent feeding of refined xylose solution during the lipid accumulation stage provided 45 g L super(-1) of cell dry weight, 54% (g TAG per g cell dry weight) of lipid content, 0.179 g g super(-1) (g TAG per g consumed carbon source) of lipid yield, and a 6.9 g L super(-1) day super(-1) of lipid productivity. Fatty acids extracted from microbial lipids produced by MITXM-61 were predominately palmitic and oleic acids, which are the major components in TAG-derived biofuels. JF - Process Biochemistry AU - Fei, Qiang AU - Wewetzer, Sandra J AU - Kurosawa, Kazuhiko AU - Rha, ChoKyun AU - Sinskey, Anthony J AD - Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, 80401 CO, USA, asinskey@mit.edu Y1 - 2015/04// PY - 2015 DA - April 2015 SP - 500 EP - 506 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 50 IS - 4 SN - 1359-5113, 1359-5113 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Lipid production KW - Glucose/xylose co-fermentation KW - Rhodococcus opacus KW - Two-stage fed-batch cultivation KW - High cell density culture KW - Feeding KW - Xylose KW - Nitrogen sources KW - Lipids KW - Glucose KW - Cell culture KW - Carbon sources KW - Batch culture KW - Fed-batch culture KW - Fatty acids KW - Oleic acid KW - Biofuels KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1691285240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Process+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=High-cell-density+cultivation+of+an+engineered+Rhodococcus+opacus+strain+for+lipid+production+via+co-fermentation+of+glucose+and+xylose&rft.au=Fei%2C+Qiang%3BWewetzer%2C+Sandra+J%3BKurosawa%2C+Kazuhiko%3BRha%2C+ChoKyun%3BSinskey%2C+Anthony+J&rft.aulast=Fei&rft.aufirst=Qiang&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=500&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Process+Biochemistry&rft.issn=13595113&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.procbio.2015.01.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feeding; Xylose; Nitrogen sources; Fed-batch culture; Lipids; Fatty acids; Glucose; Cell culture; Carbon sources; Oleic acid; Biofuels; Batch culture; Rhodococcus opacus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2015.01.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Planetary gear load sharing of wind turbine drivetrains subjected to non-torque loads AN - 1680442568; PQ0001254512 AB - An analytical formulation was developed to estimate the load-sharing and planetary loads of a three-point suspension wind turbine drivetrain considering the effects of non-torque loads, gravity and bearing clearance. A three-dimensional dynamic drivetrain model that includes mesh stiffness variation, tooth modifications and gearbox housing flexibility was also established to investigate gear tooth load distribution and non-linear tooth and bearing contact of the planetary gears. These models were validated with experimental data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Gearbox Reliability Collaborative. Non-torque loads and gravity induce fundamental excitations in the rotating carrier frame, which can increase gearbox loads and disturb load sharing. Clearance in the carrier bearings reduces the bearing stiffness significantly. This increases the amount of pitching moment transmitted from the rotor to the gear meshes and disturbs the planetary load share, thereby resulting in edge loading. Edge loading increases the likelihood of tooth pitting and planet-bearing fatigue, leading to reduced gearbox life. Additionally, at low-input torque, the planet-bearing loads are often less than the minimum recommended load and thus susceptible to skidding. Copyright copyright 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Wind Energy AU - Guo, Yi AU - Keller, Jonathan AU - LaCava, William AD - National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA. Y1 - 2015/04// PY - 2015 DA - April 2015 SP - 757 EP - 768 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1095-4244, 1095-4244 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fatigue KW - Housing KW - Wind energy KW - Renewable energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1680442568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Planetary+gear+load+sharing+of+wind+turbine+drivetrains+subjected+to+non-torque+loads&rft.au=Guo%2C+Yi%3BKeller%2C+Jonathan%3BLaCava%2C+William&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Yi&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=757&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10954244&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.1731 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fatigue; Wind energy; Housing; Renewable energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.1731 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maturation of biomass-to-biofuels conversion technology pathways for rapid expansion of biofuels production: a system dynamics perspective AN - 1668255702; PQ0001248922 AB - The Biomass Scenario Model (BSM) is a system-dynamics simulation model intended to explore the potential for rapid expansion of the biofuels industry. The model is not predictive - it uses scenario assumptions based on various types of data to simulate industry development, emphasizing how incentives and technological learning-by-doing might accelerate industry growth. The BSM simulates major sectors of the biofuels industry, including feedstock production and logistics, conversion, distribution, and end uses, as well as interactions among sectors. The model represents conversion of biomass to biofuels as a set of technology pathways, each of which has allowable feedstocks, capital and operating costs, allowable products, and other defined characteristics. This study and the BSM address bioenergy modeling analytic needs that were identified in recent literature reviews. Simulations indicate that investments are most effective at expanding biofuels production through learning-by-doing when they are coordinated with respect to timing, pathway, and target sector within the biofuels industry. Effectiveness metrics include timing and magnitude of increased production, incentive cost and cost effectiveness, and avoidance of windfall profits. Investment costs and optimal investment targets have inherent risks and uncertainties, such as the relative value of investment in more-mature versus less mature pathways. These can be explored through scenarios, but cannot be precisely predicted. Dynamic competition, including competition for cellulosic feedstocks and ethanol market shares, intensifies during times of rapid growth. Ethanol production increases rapidly, even up to Renewable Fuel Standards-targeted volumes of biofuel, in simulations that allow higher blending proportions of ethanol in gasoline-fueled vehicles. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Biofuels, Bioproducts, Biorefining published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Vimmerstedt, Laura J AU - Bush, Brian W AU - Hsu, Dave D AU - Inman, Daniel AU - Peterson, Steven O AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Strategic Energy Analysis Center, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2015/03// PY - 2015 DA - March 2015 SP - 158 EP - 176 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 9 IS - 2 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Data processing KW - Fuels KW - Operating costs KW - Simulation KW - Refining KW - Incentives KW - Biomass KW - Chemical industry KW - USA KW - Literature reviews KW - Renewable energy KW - Profits KW - Competition KW - Biofuels KW - Technology KW - Ethanol KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - R2 23070:Economics, organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1668255702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Maturation+of+biomass-to-biofuels+conversion+technology+pathways+for+rapid+expansion+of+biofuels+production%3A+a+system+dynamics+perspective&rft.au=Vimmerstedt%2C+Laura+J%3BBush%2C+Brian+W%3BHsu%2C+Dave+D%3BInman%2C+Daniel%3BPeterson%2C+Steven+O&rft.aulast=Vimmerstedt&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1515 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Literature reviews; Fuels; Refining; Biomass; Biofuels; Ethanol; Fuel technology; Operating costs; Simulation; Incentives; Chemical industry; Renewable energy; Profits; Competition; Technology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1515 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correction: Photoelectrochemical reduction of nitrates at the illuminated p-GaInP sub(2) photoelectrode AN - 1668251646; PQ0001247884 AB - Correction for 'Photoelectrochemical reduction of nitrates at the illuminated p-GaInP sub(2) photoelectrode' by Heli Wang et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, 6, 1802-1805. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Wang, Heli AU - Turner, John A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; Colorado 80401; USA; +1 303 275 3840; +1 303 275 3858; , heli.wang@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/03// PY - 2015 DA - Mar 2015 SP - 1046 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1668251646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Correction%3A+Photoelectrochemical+reduction+of+nitrates+at+the+illuminated+p-GaInP+sub%282%29+photoelectrode&rft.au=Wang%2C+Heli%3BTurner%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Heli&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1046&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc5ee90006a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee90006a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of the role of lignin in biphasic xylan hydrolysis during dilute acid and organosolv pretreatment of corn stover AN - 1668249995; PQ0001252019 AB - One of the key objectives of biomass pretreatment is to maximize the xylose yield. However, the kinetics of xylan hydrolysis appear to be governed by two parallel first-order reactions with one reaction much faster than the other, thereby limiting both the rate and extent of xylan hydrolysis. Here, we investigate the influence of lignin on xylan hydrolysis kinetics during dilute acid pretreatment of corn stover rind (CSR) by modifying either the substrate or the pretreatment conditions. Dilute acid pretreatment was conducted to test the hypothesis that association of a fraction of the xylan with lignin causes this fraction to hydrolyze at a slower rate resulting in biphasic kinetics. In addition, CSR was pretreated under organosolv (OS) conditions, where xylan and lignin were solubilized simultaneously, to decouple the hydrolysis of xylan from the lignin redistribution process that occurs during dilute acid pretreatment. Dilute acid pretreatment of CSR delignified under mild conditions still exhibited biphasic kinetics, although the fraction of slow hydrolyzing xylan decreased and the rate of fast hydrolyzing xylan increased by 60% resulting in achieving more than 95% total xylose yield. Pretreatment of CSR under OS conditions also appeared to exhibit biphasic xylan hydrolysis kinetics. Unexpectedly, the solubilization of xylan and lignin appeared to occur at similar rates. The increases in the rate and fraction of fast hydrolyzing xylan observed by removing the majority of the lignin support the hypothesis that the slow hydrolyzing xylan is a result of its association with lignin. To further investigate the role of lignin in xylan hydrolysis, the raw and pretreated CSR samples were labeled with a monoclonal antibody (containing a fluorescent dye) that binds xylan specifically so that the location of xylan in the cell wall could be imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLM). CLM of the pretreated delignified samples showed a similar, intense signal pattern as exhibited by the raw and pretreated control, indicating that the majority of the remaining xylan was located at both cytosolic and middle lamellar cell wall edges. OS pretreated CSR did, however, show a diminution in signal intensity at cell wall edges compared to CSR pretreated under standard dilute acid conditions. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Mittal, Ashutosh AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Black, Stuart K AU - Pilath, Heidi M AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Johnson, David K AD - Biosciences Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver W. Parkway; Golden; CO 80401; USA; , ashutosh.mittal@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/03// PY - 2015 DA - March 2015 SP - 1546 EP - 1558 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Kinetics KW - Corn KW - Green development KW - Microscopy KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1668249995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+role+of+lignin+in+biphasic+xylan+hydrolysis+during+dilute+acid+and+organosolv+pretreatment+of+corn+stover&rft.au=Mittal%2C+Ashutosh%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BBrunecky%2C+Roman%3BBlack%2C+Stuart+K%3BPilath%2C+Heidi+M%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BJohnson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Mittal&rft.aufirst=Ashutosh&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1546&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc4gc02258k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Kinetics; Microscopy; Green development; Corn; Biomass; Hydrolysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc02258k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancing photo-catalytic production of organic acids in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.PCC 6803 Delta glgC, a strain incapable of glycogen storage AN - 1664195968; PQ0001221183 AB - A key objective in microbial biofuels strain development is to maximize carbon flux to target products while minimizing cell biomass accumulation, such that ideally the algae and bacteria would operate in a photo-catalytic state. A brief period of such a physiological state has recently been demonstrated in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.PCC 6803 Delta glgC strain incapable of glycogen storage. When deprived of nitrogen, the Delta glgC excretes the organic acids alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate for a number of days without increasing cell biomass. This study examines the relationship between the growth state and the photo-catalytic state, and characterizes the metabolic adaptability of the photo-catalytic state to increasing light intensity. It is found that the culture can transition naturally from the growth state into the photo-catalytic state when provided with limited nitrogen supply during the growth phase. Photosynthetic capacity and pigments are lost over time in the photo-catalytic state. Reversal to growth state is observed with re-addition of nitrogen nutrient, accompanied by restoration of photosynthetic capacity and pigment levels in the cells. While the overall productivity increased under high light conditions, the ratio of alpha-ketoglutarate/pyruvate is altered, suggesting that carbon partition between the two products is adaptable to environmental conditions. A cyanobacterial mutant can transition from growth to excretion of organic acids upon depletion of nitrogen nutrient, and can transition back to growth upon re-addition of the nutrient. JF - Microbial Biotechnology AU - Carrieri, Damian AU - Broadbent, Charlie AU - Carruth, David AU - Paddock, Troy AU - Ungerer, Justin AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AU - Ghirardi, Maria AU - Yu, Jianping AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. PY - 2015 SP - 275 EP - 280 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ United Kingdom VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1751-7915, 1751-7915 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Synechocystis KW - Light intensity KW - Cell culture KW - Nutrients KW - Development KW - Biomass KW - Glycogen KW - Light effects KW - Adaptability KW - organic acids KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Pyruvic acid KW - Carbon KW - Pigments KW - Excretion KW - Environmental conditions KW - Biofuels KW - Algae KW - Nitrogen KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664195968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Enhancing+photo-catalytic+production+of+organic+acids+in+the+cyanobacterium+Synechocystis+sp.PCC+6803+Delta+glgC%2C+a+strain+incapable+of+glycogen+storage&rft.au=Carrieri%2C+Damian%3BBroadbent%2C+Charlie%3BCarruth%2C+David%3BPaddock%2C+Troy%3BUngerer%2C+Justin%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria%3BYu%2C+Jianping&rft.aulast=Carrieri&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Biotechnology&rft.issn=17517915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2F1751-7915.12243 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Light intensity; Nutrients; Cell culture; Development; Biomass; Glycogen; Light effects; organic acids; Adaptability; Carbon; Pyruvic acid; Pigments; Excretion; Environmental conditions; Biofuels; Nitrogen; Algae; Synechocystis; Cyanobacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12243 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitigating irreversible capacity losses from carbon agents via surface modification AN - 1677908433; PQ0001285677 AB - Greatly improved cycling performance has been demonstrated with conformally coated lithium-ion electrodes by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) techniques. This paper reports the impact of coating on the electrode additives towards mitigating undesired parasitic reactions during cycling. The ALD and MLD coatings with conformality and atomic scale thickness control effectively stabilize the surface of the electrode components, and the current collector, resulting in the increase of coulombic efficiency throughout cycling. The organic fragment integrated into the recently developed MLD process allows the coating to possess excellent mechanical properties and enhanced ionic conductivity, which significantly reduces cell polarizations throughout cycling. This work validates the importance of ALD and MLD as surface modifiers and further demonstrates their versatility and compatibility with lithium-ion battery technology. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Piper, Daniela Molina AU - Son, Seoung-Bum AU - Travis, Jonathan J AU - Lee, Younghee AU - Han, Sang Sub AU - Kim, Seul Cham AU - Oh, Kyu Hwan AU - George, Steven M AU - Lee, Se-Hee AU - Ban, Chunmei AD - Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2015/02/01/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Feb 01 SP - 605 EP - 611 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 275 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Lithium-ion battery KW - Atomic layer deposition KW - Molecular layer deposition KW - Irreversible capacity loss KW - Ionic conductivity KW - Cycles KW - Coating KW - Carbon KW - Accumulators KW - Electrodes KW - Deposition KW - Polarization KW - Collectors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1677908433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Mitigating+irreversible+capacity+losses+from+carbon+agents+via+surface+modification&rft.au=Piper%2C+Daniela+Molina%3BSon%2C+Seoung-Bum%3BTravis%2C+Jonathan+J%3BLee%2C+Younghee%3BHan%2C+Sang+Sub%3BKim%2C+Seul+Cham%3BOh%2C+Kyu+Hwan%3BGeorge%2C+Steven+M%3BLee%2C+Se-Hee%3BBan%2C+Chunmei&rft.aulast=Piper&rft.aufirst=Daniela&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=275&rft.issue=&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2014.11.032 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-07 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.032 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid-catalyzed algal biomass pretreatment for integrated lipid and carbohydrate-based biofuels production AN - 1660435406; PQ0001112320 AB - One of the major challenges associated with algal biofuels production in a biorefinery-type setting is improving biomass utilization in its entirety, increasing the process energetic yields and providing economically viable and scalable co-product concepts. We demonstrate the effectiveness of a novel, integrated technology based on moderate temperatures and low pH to convert the carbohydrates in wet algal biomass to soluble sugars for fermentation, while making lipids more accessible for downstream extraction and leaving a protein-enriched fraction behind. We studied the effect of harvest timing on the conversion yields, using two algal strains; Chlorellaand Scenedesmus, generating biomass with distinctive compositional ratios of protein, carbohydrate, and lipids. We found that the late harvest Scenedesmusbiomass had the maximum theoretical biofuel potential at 143 gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) combined fuel yield per dry ton biomass, followed by late harvest Chlorellaat 128 GGE per ton. Our experimental data show a clear difference between the two strains, as Scenedesmuswas more successfully converted in this process with a demonstrated 97 GGE per ton. Our measurements indicated a release of >90% of the available glucose in the hydrolysate liquors and an extraction and recovery of up to 97% of the fatty acids from wet biomass. Techno-economic analysis for the combined product yields indicates that this process exhibits the potential to improve per-gallon fuel costs by up to 33% compared to a lipids-only process for one strain, Scenedesmus, grown to the mid-point harvest condition. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Laurens, LML AU - Nagle, N AU - Davis, R AU - Sweeney, N AU - Van Wychen, S AU - Lowell, A AU - Pienkos, P T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; Colorado; USA; , Lieve.Laurens@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - February 2015 SP - 1145 EP - 1158 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Fermentation KW - Gasoline KW - Fuels KW - Lipids KW - Glucose KW - Downstream KW - Carbohydrates KW - pH effects KW - Hydrolysates KW - Algae KW - Scenedesmus KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Data processing KW - Biomass KW - Green development KW - Fatty acids KW - Proteins KW - Biofuels KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660435406?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Acid-catalyzed+algal+biomass+pretreatment+for+integrated+lipid+and+carbohydrate-based+biofuels+production&rft.au=Laurens%2C+LML%3BNagle%2C+N%3BDavis%2C+R%3BSweeney%2C+N%3BVan+Wychen%2C+S%3BLowell%2C+A%3BPienkos%2C+P+T&rft.aulast=Laurens&rft.aufirst=LML&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc4gc01612b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 55 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Sugar; Data processing; Gasoline; Fermentation; Lipids; Fuels; Glucose; Biomass; Fatty acids; Carbohydrates; pH effects; Biofuels; Hydrolysates; Algae; Fuel technology; Green development; Proteins; Downstream; Scenedesmus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01612b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of inverted organic solar cells with ZnO contact layers deposited from precursor solutions AN - 1660408040; PQ0001103598 AB - We report on investigations of the stability of inverted organic solar cells with ZnO electron collecting interlayer that are solution-processed from zinc acetate (ZnAc) or diethylzinc (deZn) precursors. Characterization of the respective solar cells suggests that the two materials initially function similarly in devices, however, we find that devices with ZnO from the deZn precursor are more stable under long-term illumination and load than devices with ZnO from the ZnAc precursor. A dipolar phosphonic acid that reduces the ZnO work function also improved device performance and stability when compared with unmodified ZnAc-based ZnO, but was problematic for deZn-based ZnO. The long-term device degradation analyses shows that the improved devices had increased and significantly more stable open-circuit voltage and fill factor characteristics. Chemical analyses suggests that defects in the ZnO films, most likely interstitial zinc, may be responsible for the observed disparities in stability within organic solar cells. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - MacLeod, Bradley A AU - Tremolet de Villers, Bertrand J AU - Schulz, Philip AU - Ndione, Paul F AU - Kim, Hyungchul AU - Giordano, Anthony J AU - Zhu, Kai AU - Marder, Seth R AU - Graham, Samuel AU - Berry, Joseph J AU - Kahn, Antoine AU - Olson, Dana C AD - Chemistry & Nanoscience Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA; +1 303 384 6430; +1 303 384 6575; , dana.olson@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - Feb 2015 SP - 592 EP - 601 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Degradation KW - Solar cells KW - Energy KW - Zinc KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660408040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Stability+of+inverted+organic+solar+cells+with+ZnO+contact+layers+deposited+from+precursor+solutions&rft.au=MacLeod%2C+Bradley+A%3BTremolet+de+Villers%2C+Bertrand+J%3BSchulz%2C+Philip%3BNdione%2C+Paul+F%3BKim%2C+Hyungchul%3BGiordano%2C+Anthony+J%3BZhu%2C+Kai%3BMarder%2C+Seth+R%3BGraham%2C+Samuel%3BBerry%2C+Joseph+J%3BKahn%2C+Antoine%3BOlson%2C+Dana+C&rft.aulast=MacLeod&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc4ee02488e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 32 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Degradation; Energy; Solar cells; Zinc DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee02488e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adipic acid production from lignin AN - 1660406867; PQ0001103606 AB - Lignin is an alkyl-aromatic polymer present in plant cell walls for defense, structure, and water transport. Despite exhibiting a high-energy content, lignin is typically slated for combustion in modern biorefineries due to its inherent heterogeneity and recalcitrance, whereas cellulose and hemicellulose are converted to renewable fuels and chemicals. However, it is critical for the viability of third-generation biorefineries to valorize lignin alongside polysaccharides. To that end, we employ metabolic engineering, separations, and catalysis to convert lignin-derived species into cis,cis-muconic acid, for subsequent hydrogenation to adipic acid, the latter being the most widely produced dicarboxylic acid. First, Pseudomonas putidaKT2440 was metabolically engineered to funnel lignin-derived aromatics to cis,cis-muconate, which is an atom-efficient biochemical transformation. This engineered strain was employed in fed-batch biological cultivation to demonstrate a cis,cis-muconate titer of 13.5 g L super(-1) in 78.5 h from a model lignin-derived compound. cis,cis-Muconic acid was recovered in high purity (>97%) and yield (74%) by activated carbon treatment and crystallization (5 degree C, pH 2). Pd/C was identified as a highly active catalyst for cis,cis-muconic acid hydrogenation to adipic acid with high conversion (>97%) and selectivity (>97%). Under surface reaction controlling conditions (24 degree C, 24 bar, ethanol solvent), purified cis,cis-muconic acid exhibits a turnover frequency of 23-30 s super(-1) over Pd/C, with an apparent activation energy of 70 kJ mol super(-1). Lastly, cis,cis-muconate was produced with engineered P. putidagrown on a biomass-derived, lignin-enriched stream, demonstrating an integrated strategy towards lignin valorization to an important commodity chemical. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Vardon, Derek R AU - Franden, Mary Ann AU - Johnson, Christopher W AU - Karp, Eric M AU - Guarnieri, Michael T AU - Linger, Jeffrey G AU - Salm, Michael J AU - Strathmann, Timothy J AU - Beckham, Gregg T AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO 80401; USA; , gregg.beckham@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/02// PY - 2015 DA - Feb 2015 SP - 617 EP - 628 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Biochemistry KW - Activated carbon KW - Acid production KW - Solvents KW - Pseudomonas KW - Combustion KW - Renewable energy KW - Energy KW - Catalysts KW - Polymers KW - pH KW - Catalysis KW - Ethanol KW - Cultivation KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660406867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Adipic+acid+production+from+lignin&rft.au=Vardon%2C+Derek+R%3BFranden%2C+Mary+Ann%3BJohnson%2C+Christopher+W%3BKarp%2C+Eric+M%3BGuarnieri%2C+Michael+T%3BLinger%2C+Jeffrey+G%3BSalm%2C+Michael+J%3BStrathmann%2C+Timothy+J%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg+T&rft.aulast=Vardon&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.date=2015-02-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc4ee03230f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Number of references - 63 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Biochemistry; Activated carbon; Acid production; Solvents; Combustion; Energy; Renewable energy; Catalysts; Polymers; pH; Cultivation; Ethanol; Catalysis; Pseudomonas DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee03230f ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Next-Generation Satellite Product for NREL's National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) T2 - 95th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting AN - 1658696411; 6337686 JF - 95th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting AU - Sengupta, Manajit AU - Habte, A AU - Gotseff, P AU - Lopez, A AU - Weekley, A AU - Xie, Y AU - Molling, C AU - Heidinger, A Y1 - 2015/01/04/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jan 04 KW - Databases KW - Remote sensing KW - Solar radiation KW - Satellites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1658696411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=95th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting&rft.atitle=The+Next-Generation+Satellite+Product+for+NREL%27s+National+Solar+Radiation+Data+Base+%28NSRDB%29&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Manajit%3BHabte%2C+A%3BGotseff%2C+P%3BLopez%2C+A%3BWeekley%2C+A%3BXie%2C+Y%3BMolling%2C+C%3BHeidinger%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Manajit&rft.date=2015-01-04&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=95th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/95Annual/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-02-28 N1 - Last updated - 2015-02-27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A pathway for net-zero energy buildings: creating a case for zero cost increase AN - 1622612259; 20863778 AB - To have market relevance and gain widespread market adoption, zero energy buildings (ZEBs) will need to be designed and constructed cost-effectively, and preferably without additional costs. An approach was developed to create low-energy buildings without additional construction costs such that it yielded innovation in building technology and integration by the market. A case study of the implementation of this method is presented to provide a data point that ZEBs can be built with zero cost increase. Documenting cost-control best practices and packaging those strategies for adoption by the commercial building sector will help make the business case for ZEBs for mainstream construction and promote market uptake of the innovative technologies and design approaches needed. The holistic implementation of cost-control strategies will enable ZEBs to be designed and constructed on a typical budget. The current state of ZEB economics is evaluated and a path forward is proposed for greater market penetration of ZEBs. By demonstrating how to combine ZEB technologies and design approaches into an overall efficiency package that can be implemented at minimal (zero, in certain cases) incremental capital cost, the domain of ZEB design and construction can be expanded from a niche market to the commercial construction mainstream. JF - Building Research & Information AU - Torcellini, Paul AU - Pless, Shanti AU - Leach, Matt AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, US Y1 - 2015/01/02/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jan 02 SP - 25 EP - 33 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Oxford OX14 4RN United Kingdom VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0961-3218, 0961-3218 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Best practices KW - Buildings KW - Niche markets KW - Case studies KW - Energy KW - Economics KW - Uptake KW - Capital costs KW - Budgets KW - Technology KW - Innovations KW - Packaging KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1622612259?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Building+Research+%26+Information&rft.atitle=A+pathway+for+net-zero+energy+buildings%3A+creating+a+case+for+zero+cost+increase&rft.au=Torcellini%2C+Paul%3BPless%2C+Shanti%3BLeach%2C+Matt&rft.aulast=Torcellini&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2015-01-02&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Building+Research+%26+Information&rft.issn=09613218&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09613218.2014.960783 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-11-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Niche markets; Case studies; Best practices; Energy; Economics; Uptake; Budgets; Capital costs; Buildings; Packaging; Innovations; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2014.960783 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contact-Induced Mechanisms in Organic Photovoltaics: A Steady-State and Transient Study AN - 1770319277; 21274872 AB - The role of the contacts in thin-film, blended heterojunctions (<100 nm thick) organic photovoltaics is explored, specifically considering concepts of carrier selectivity, injection, and extraction efficiency, relative to recombination. Contact effects are investigated by comparing two hole-collecting interlayers: a phosphonic acid monolayer on indium tin oxide (ITO) and a nickel oxide thin film. The interlayers have equivalent work functions ( approximately 5.4 eV) but widely variant energy band offsets relative to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the acceptor (electron blocking versus not), which are coupled to large differences in carrier density. Trends in open-circuit voltages (V sub(OC)) as a function of light intensity and temperature are compared and it is concluded that the dominant mechanism limiting V sub(OC) for high density of states contacts is free carrier injection, not surface recombination or extraction barriers. Transient photocurrent decay measurements confirm excess reinjected carriers decrease the extraction efficiency via increased recombination and decrease free carrier lifetime, even at high internal electric fields, due to space charge accumulation. These results demonstrate that the energetics and injection dynamics of the interface between interlayers and high carrier density electrodes (typically ITO and metals) must be considered with fabrication and processing of interlayers, in addition to possible carrier selectivity and the interface with the active layer. Free carrier lifetimes in organic photo-voltaics are shown to vary for contacts with equivalent work functions but different carrier densities. Suppression of injection at the hole-collecting interface is demonstrated to reduce recombination, leading to a higher number of extracted carriers, even under short-circuit conditions. Surface recombination is found to be a non-dominant mechanism for the high density of states contact. JF - Advanced Energy Materials AU - Cowan, Sarah R AU - Li, Jian V AU - Olson, Dana C AU - Ratcliff, Erin L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA. Y1 - 2015/01// PY - 2015 DA - January 2015 SP - [np] PB - Wiley-Blackwell, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD United Kingdom VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1614-6832, 1614-6832 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Interlayers KW - Extraction KW - Carriers KW - Carrier density KW - Solar cells KW - High density KW - Indium tin oxide KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1770319277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advanced+Energy+Materials&rft.atitle=Contact-Induced+Mechanisms+in+Organic+Photovoltaics%3A+A+Steady-State+and+Transient+Study&rft.au=Cowan%2C+Sarah+R%3BLi%2C+Jian+V%3BOlson%2C+Dana+C%3BRatcliff%2C+Erin+L&rft.aulast=Cowan&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=%5Bnp%5D&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advanced+Energy+Materials&rft.issn=16146832&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Faenm.201400549 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201400549 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Translating outdoor CPV I-V measurements to a CSTC power rating and the associated uncertainty AN - 1732818557; PQ0002135363 AB - A complete procedure is presented for translating outdoor concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) I-V measurements to the Concentrator Standard Test Conditions (CTSC) (1000W/m super(2) and 25 degree C cell temperature). Methods are demonstrated for measuring all the necessary input parameters for the translation, including outdoor thermal transient measurements and indoor dark I-V curves. Four modules are subjected to the translation method based on multiple months of outdoor data, one module measured at National Renewable Energy Laboratory and three at Fraunhofer ISE. The modules are also characterized under a sun simulator to provide a comparison to the translation approach. The results show that translated CSTC efficiencies are in good agreement with the efficiencies from the solar simulator. Two of the modules agreed within 1%, whereas the other two modules agree within approximately 4%. An uncertainty analysis of the input parameters is discussed in the context of the total uncertainty associated with the translation to CSTC. The reference voltage and efficiency temperature coefficient are the key parameters impacting the translation uncertainty, whereas uncertainty in the outdoor data is driven by spectral and meteorological parameters. A procedure is presented for translating outdoor concentrator photovoltaic I-V measurements to indoor conditions. Unique methods are investigated using outdoor thermal transient measurements and indoor dark I-V curves. Four modules are subjected to the translation method and compared with concentrator photovoltaic simulator measurements. The results show that translated efficiencies of Concentrator Standard Test Conditions are in good agreement with the efficiencies from the solar simulator. Two of the modules agree within 1%, whereas the other two modules agree within 4%. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Muller, Matthew AU - Kurtz, Sarah AU - Steiner, Marc AU - Siefer, Gerald AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 303-384-6164, USA. PY - 2015 SP - 1557 EP - 1571 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 23 IS - 11 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Renewable energy KW - Sun KW - Temperature KW - Meteorology KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732818557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Translating+outdoor+CPV+I-V+measurements+to+a+CSTC+power+rating+and+the+associated+uncertainty&rft.au=Muller%2C+Matthew%3BKurtz%2C+Sarah%3BSteiner%2C+Marc%3BSiefer%2C+Gerald&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.2590 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Renewable energy; Sun; Temperature; Meteorology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2590 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Key parameters in determining energy generated by CPV modules AN - 1732810001; PQ0002017752 AB - We identify the key inputs and measurement data needed for accurate energy rating of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules based on field observations of multiple CPV modules. Acceptance angle is shown to correlate with the observed module-level performance ratio (PR) for the modules studied. Using power ratings based on concentrator standard test conditions, PRs between 90% and 95% were observed during the summers with up to ~10% lower PRs during the winters. A module fabricated by Semprius showed 94% plus or minus 0.7% PR over almost 2years with seasonal variation in PR of less than 1% showing how a module with relatively large acceptance angle may show very consistent average efficiency (calculated from the energy generated relative to the energy available), potentially simplifying energy ratings. The application of the results for translation of energy rating from one location to another is discussed, concluding that most of the translation differences may be correlated with temperature differences between sites with the largest variation happening when optical efficiency depends on temperature. Field observations of CPV modules are examined to identify critical parameters for energy rating CPV modules. Acceptance angle correlates with performance ratio (PR) for the modules studied. PR of 90-95% was observed during the summers with up to ~10% lower PRs during colder times as shown in the figure. A Semprius module showed 94% plus or minus 0.7% PR with seasonal variation in PR of <1% showing how CPV modules may show very consistent average efficiency, potentially simplifying energy ratings. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Kurtz, Sarah AU - Muller, Matthew AU - Jordan, Dirk AU - Ghosal, Kanchan AU - Fisher, Brent AU - Verlinden, Pierre AU - Hashimoto, Jun AU - Riley, Daniel AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. PY - 2015 SP - 1250 EP - 1259 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 23 IS - 10 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Energy efficiency KW - Energy KW - Temperature KW - Summer KW - Seasonal variations KW - Winter KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732810001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Key+parameters+in+determining+energy+generated+by+CPV+modules&rft.au=Kurtz%2C+Sarah%3BMuller%2C+Matthew%3BJordan%2C+Dirk%3BGhosal%2C+Kanchan%3BFisher%2C+Brent%3BVerlinden%2C+Pierre%3BHashimoto%2C+Jun%3BRiley%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Kurtz&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.2544 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Energy efficiency; Energy; Temperature; Summer; Seasonal variations; Winter DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2544 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State-space representation of Li-ion battery porous electrode impedance model with balanced model reduction AN - 1669854732; PQ0001063809 AB - This paper presents an approximate time-domain solution for physics-based electrochemical lithium-ion cell battery models. The time-domain solution is represented in state-space form and can be easily used for the design of a state estimator or controller. It uses an interconnection-of-system approach to derive a state-space representation of a battery impedance model and provides a reduced order model based via the balanced truncation method. Simulation results are also provided to show the performance of the proposed model in the frequency domain. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Jun, Myungsoo AU - Smith, Kandler AU - Graf, Peter AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA myungsoo.jun@nrel.gov Y1 - 2015/01/01/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Jan 01 SP - 1226 EP - 1236 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 273 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Li-ion battery KW - Time-domain solution KW - State-space realization KW - Impedance model KW - Balanced realization KW - Model order reduction KW - Estimators KW - Impedance KW - Mathematical models KW - Representations KW - Electrodes KW - Electric batteries KW - Lithium batteries KW - Balancing KW - Approximation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1669854732?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=State-space+representation+of+Li-ion+battery+porous+electrode+impedance+model+with+balanced+model+reduction&rft.au=Jun%2C+Myungsoo%3BSmith%2C+Kandler%3BGraf%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Jun&rft.aufirst=Myungsoo&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=273&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2014.02.063 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-07 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.02.063 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Self-regulated growth and tunable properties of CuSbS sub(2) solar absorbers AN - 1669847541; PQ0001064006 AB - Polycrystalline thin film copper chalcogenide solar cells show remarkable efficiencies, and analogous but less-explored semiconducting materials may hold similar promise. With consideration of elemental abundance and process scalability, we explore the potential of the Cu-Sb-S material system for photovoltaic applications. Using a high-throughput combinatorial approach, Cu-Sb-S libraries were synthesized by magnetron co-sputtering of Cu sub(2)S and Sb sub(2)S sub(3) targets and evaluated by a suite of spatially resolved characterization techniques. The resulting compounds include Cu sub(1.8)S (digenite), Cu sub(12)Sb sub(4)S sub(13 ) (tetrahedrite), CuSbS sub(2) (chalcostibite), and Sb sub(2)S sub(3) (stibnite). Of the two ternary phases synthesized, CuSbS sub(2) was found to have the most potential, however, when deposited at low temperatures its electrical conductivity varied by several orders of magnitude due to the presence of impurities. To address this issue, we developed a self-regulated approach to synthesize stoichiometric CuSbS sub(2) films using excess Sb sub(2)S sub(3) vapor at elevated substrate temperatures. Theoretical calculations explain that phase-pure CuSbS sub(2) is expected to be formed over a relatively wide range of temperatures and pressures, bound by the sublimation of Sb sub(2)S sub(3) and decomposition of CuSbS sub(2). The carrier concentration of CuSbS sub(2) films produced within this regime was tunable from 10 super(16)-10 super(18) cm super(-3) through appropriate control of Sb sub(2)S sub(3) flux rate and substrate temperature. CuSbS sub(2) displayed a sharp optical absorption onset indicative of a direct transition at 1.5 eV and an absorption coefficient of 10 super(5) cm super(-1) within 0.3 eV of the onset. The results of this study suggest that CuSbS sub(2) holds promise for solar energy conversion due to its tolerant processing window, tunable carrier concentration, solar-matched band gap, and high absorption coefficient. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Welch, Adam W AU - Zawadzki, Pawel P AU - Lany, Stephan AU - Wolden, Colin A AU - Zakutayev, Andriy AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States; Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States adam.welch@nrel.gov PY - 2015 SP - 499 EP - 506 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 132 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); Copper Technical Reference Library (CD) KW - Chalcogenide KW - Earth abundant KW - CuSbS2 KW - Chalcostibite KW - Sputter deposition KW - Antimony KW - Layered structure KW - Combinatorial KW - SOLAR POWER KW - SULFIDES KW - CU KW - Carrier density KW - COPPER SULFIDE KW - Absorption coefficient KW - MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS KW - Copper KW - THIN FILMS KW - Solar cells KW - DENSITY KW - Stibnite KW - Copper sulfides KW - Combinatorial analysis KW - ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY KW - Electric potential KW - SOLAR CELLS KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1669847541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Self-regulated+growth+and+tunable+properties+of+CuSbS+sub%282%29+solar+absorbers&rft.au=Welch%2C+Adam+W%3BZawadzki%2C+Pawel+P%3BLany%2C+Stephan%3BWolden%2C+Colin+A%3BZakutayev%2C+Andriy&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2014.09.041 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.09.041 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of micro-electrical properties of Cu sub(2)ZnSnSe sub(4) thin films using scanning probe microscopy AN - 1669847198; PQ0001063985 AB - We report on a local potential and resistance mapping of Cu sub(2)ZnSnSe sub(4) (CZTSe) films using nm-resolution electrical scanning probe microscopies of scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and scanning spreading resistance microscopy. We have conducted a comparative study with high-performance Cu sub(2)(In,Ga)Se sub(2) (CIGSe) film. Both CZTSe and CIGSe were deposited by co-evaporation of elements in vacuum. The results show that the microelectrical properties of the two polycrystalline materials are similar-higher potential and lower resistance on the grain boundaries (GBs) than on grain surfaces-suggesting inverted GB carrier polarity of these films. The consistent GB properties in contrast to the large difference in photovoltaic output of the two materials suggest that factors other than the GBs are responsible for the low photovoltaic output of CZTSe device. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Jiang, C-S AU - Repins, I L AU - Beall, C AU - Moutinho, H R AU - Ramanathan, K AU - Al-Jassim, M M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO 80401, USA chun.sheng.jiang@nrel.gov PY - 2015 SP - 342 EP - 347 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 132 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); Copper Technical Reference Library (CD) KW - CZTSe KW - Solar cell KW - thin film KW - Grain boundary KW - Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy KW - Scanning spreading resistance microscopy KW - Scanning probe microscopy KW - DEPOSITION KW - ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES KW - POLARITY KW - Spreading KW - Grain boundaries KW - COPPER SULFIDE KW - GRAIN BOUNDARIES KW - THIN FILMS KW - Scanning KW - Solar cells KW - Microscopy KW - Deposition KW - Polarity KW - MICROSCOPY KW - SOLAR CELLS KW - BOUNDARIES KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1669847198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+micro-electrical+properties+of+Cu+sub%282%29ZnSnSe+sub%284%29+thin+films+using+scanning+probe+microscopy&rft.au=Jiang%2C+C-S%3BRepins%2C+I+L%3BBeall%2C+C%3BMoutinho%2C+H+R%3BRamanathan%2C+K%3BAl-Jassim%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Jiang&rft.aufirst=C-S&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=&rft.spage=342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2014.08.046 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.08.046 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Updating United States Advanced Battery Consortium and Department of Energy battery technology targets for battery electric vehicles AN - 1642268219; 20888787 AB - Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offer significant potential to reduce the nation's consumption of petroleum based products and the production of greenhouse gases however, their widespread adoption is limited largely by the cost and performance limitations of modern batteries. With recent growth in efforts to accelerate BEV adoption (e.g. the Department of Energy's (DOE) EV Everywhere Grand Challenge) and the age of existing BEV battery technology targets, there is sufficient motivation to re-evaluate the industry's technology targets for battery performance and cost. Herein we document the analysis process that supported the selection of the United States Advanced Battery Consortium's (USABC) updated BEV battery technology targets. Our technology agnostic approach identifies the necessary battery performance characteristics that will enable the vehicle level performance required for a commercially successful, mass market full BEV, as guided by the workgroup's OEM members. The result is an aggressive target, implying that batteries need to advance considerably before BEVs can be both cost and with existing petroleum powered vehicles. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Neubauer, Jeremy AU - Pesaran, Ahmad AU - Bae, Chulheung AU - Elder, Ron AU - Cunningham, Brian AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA Jeremy.neubauer@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/12/20/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Dec 20 SP - 614 EP - 621 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 271 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - United States Advanced Battery Consortium KW - Battery KW - BEV KW - Performance target KW - Electric vehicles KW - Crude oil KW - Consortia KW - Electric batteries KW - Vehicles KW - Marketing KW - Greenhouse effect UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1642268219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Updating+United+States+Advanced+Battery+Consortium+and+Department+of+Energy+battery+technology+targets+for+battery+electric+vehicles&rft.au=Neubauer%2C+Jeremy%3BPesaran%2C+Ahmad%3BBae%2C+Chulheung%3BElder%2C+Ron%3BCunningham%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Neubauer&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.date=2014-12-20&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=&rft.spage=614&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2014.06.043 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.043 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Developing the Next-Generation National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) T2 - 47th American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AN - 1651744229; 6332102 JF - 47th American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Sengupta, Manajit AU - Habte, Aron AU - Gotseff, Peter AU - Lopez, Anthony AU - Weekley, Andrew Y1 - 2014/12/15/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Dec 15 KW - Databases KW - Solar radiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1651744229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=47th+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Developing+the+Next-Generation+National+Solar+Radiation+Data+Base+%28NSRDB%29&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Manajit%3BHabte%2C+Aron%3BGotseff%2C+Peter%3BLopez%2C+Anthony%3BWeekley%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Manajit&rft.date=2014-12-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=47th+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm14/meetingapp.cgi#ModuleSessionsByDay/0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-31 N1 - Last updated - 2015-02-06 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Harmonization of Initial Estimates of Shale Gas Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Electric Power Generation T2 - 47th American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AN - 1651740431; 6328580 JF - 47th American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Heath, Garvin AU - O'Donoughue, Patrick AU - Arent, Douglas AU - Bazilian, Morgan Y1 - 2014/12/15/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Dec 15 KW - Electric power generation KW - Climatic changes KW - Emissions KW - Life cycle KW - Shale KW - Greenhouse gases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1651740431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=47th+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Harmonization+of+Initial+Estimates+of+Shale+Gas+Life+Cycle+Greenhouse+Gas+Emissions+for+Electric+Power+Generation&rft.au=Heath%2C+Garvin%3BO%27Donoughue%2C+Patrick%3BArent%2C+Douglas%3BBazilian%2C+Morgan&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Garvin&rft.date=2014-12-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=47th+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm14/meetingapp.cgi#ModuleSessionsByDay/0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-31 N1 - Last updated - 2015-02-06 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling Electricity Sector Vulnerabilities and Costs Associated with Water Temperatures Under Scenarios of Climate Change T2 - 47th American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AN - 1651739027; 6330627 JF - 47th American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Miara, Ariel AU - Brinkman, Gregory AU - Ibanez, Eduardo AU - Newmark, Robin Y1 - 2014/12/15/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Dec 15 KW - Climatic changes KW - Electricity KW - Vulnerability KW - Water temperature UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1651739027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=47th+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.atitle=Modeling+Electricity+Sector+Vulnerabilities+and+Costs+Associated+with+Water+Temperatures+Under+Scenarios+of+Climate+Change&rft.au=Macknick%2C+Jordan%3BMiara%2C+Ariel%3BBrinkman%2C+Gregory%3BIbanez%2C+Eduardo%3BNewmark%2C+Robin&rft.aulast=Macknick&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft.date=2014-12-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=47th+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm14/meetingapp.cgi#ModuleSessionsByDay/0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-31 N1 - Last updated - 2015-02-06 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A Comparison of Coarse-Graining Approaches for Modeling Morphology in Push-Pull Polymers T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627977547; 6312069 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Jankowski, Eric AU - Olson, Dana Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Morphology KW - Polymers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627977547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=A+Comparison+of+Coarse-Graining+Approaches+for+Modeling+Morphology+in+Push-Pull+Polymers&rft.au=Jankowski%2C+Eric%3BOlson%2C+Dana&rft.aulast=Jankowski&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Selective Upgrading of Lignin Dimers to Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Biofuels T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627967822; 6311704 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Ben, Haoxi AU - Jarvis, Mark Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Fuel technology KW - Saturated hydrocarbons KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Lignin KW - Biofuels UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627967822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Selective+Upgrading+of+Lignin+Dimers+to+Aliphatic+Hydrocarbon+Biofuels&rft.au=Ben%2C+Haoxi%3BJarvis%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Ben&rft.aufirst=Haoxi&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Oxidation of Platinum Nickel Nanowires to Limit Displacement and Improve the Durability Characteristics of Oxygen-Reducing Electrocatalysts T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627965796; 6309215 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Alia, Shaun AU - Pylypenko, Svitlana AU - Dameron, Arrelaine AU - Neyerlin, K AU - Kocha, Shyam AU - Pivovar, Bryan Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Nickel KW - Oxidation KW - Toughness KW - Platinum KW - nanotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627965796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Oxidation+of+Platinum+Nickel+Nanowires+to+Limit+Displacement+and+Improve+the+Durability+Characteristics+of+Oxygen-Reducing+Electrocatalysts&rft.au=Alia%2C+Shaun%3BPylypenko%2C+Svitlana%3BDameron%2C+Arrelaine%3BNeyerlin%2C+K%3BKocha%2C+Shyam%3BPivovar%2C+Bryan&rft.aulast=Alia&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Catalytic Dimerization of Biomass-Derived Olefins T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627965712; 6309826 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Behl, Mayank Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Chemical engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627965712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Reaction+Conditions+on+the+Catalytic+Dimerization+of+Biomass-Derived+Olefins&rft.au=Behl%2C+Mayank&rft.aulast=Behl&rft.aufirst=Mayank&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Life-Cycle Assessment of Diesel Fuel and Reformulated Gasoline Blendstock Production from Natural Gas and Biomass to Liquids Conversion Processes T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627965678; 6309169 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Tan, Eric AU - Zhang, Yimin AU - Schuetzle, Dennis AU - Caldwell, Matthew Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Gasoline KW - Fuels KW - Life cycle KW - Biomass KW - Diesel engines KW - Natural gas UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627965678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Life-Cycle+Assessment+of+Diesel+Fuel+and+Reformulated+Gasoline+Blendstock+Production+from+Natural+Gas+and+Biomass+to+Liquids+Conversion+Processes&rft.au=Tan%2C+Eric%3BZhang%2C+Yimin%3BSchuetzle%2C+Dennis%3BCaldwell%2C+Matthew&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pyrolysis of Woody Residues: Impact of Mineral Content T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627965228; 6310441 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Iisa, Kristiina AU - Zacher, Alan AU - Sykes, Robert AU - Preto, Fernando AU - Bronson, Benjamin Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Pyrolysis KW - Residues KW - Minerals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627965228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Pyrolysis+of+Woody+Residues%3A+Impact+of+Mineral+Content&rft.au=Iisa%2C+Kristiina%3BZacher%2C+Alan%3BSykes%2C+Robert%3BPreto%2C+Fernando%3BBronson%2C+Benjamin&rft.aulast=Iisa&rft.aufirst=Kristiina&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Role of Species, Pretreatment, and Lipid Extraction Conditions in Hydrodeoxygenation and Hydroisomerization of Algae Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627964534; 6310115 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Kruger, Jacob AU - Christensen, Earl AU - McCormick, Robert AU - Pienkos, Philip Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Oil KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Fuels KW - Lipids KW - Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627964534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Role+of+Species%2C+Pretreatment%2C+and+Lipid+Extraction+Conditions+in+Hydrodeoxygenation+and+Hydroisomerization+of+Algae+Oils+to+Hydrocarbon+Fuels&rft.au=Kruger%2C+Jacob%3BChristensen%2C+Earl%3BMcCormick%2C+Robert%3BPienkos%2C+Philip&rft.aulast=Kruger&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Lead Chalcogenide Quantum Dot Arrarys for Next Generation Photovoltaics T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627964479; 6309647 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Luther, Joseph Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Photovoltaics KW - Lead UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627964479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Lead+Chalcogenide+Quantum+Dot+Arrarys+for+Next+Generation+Photovoltaics&rft.au=Luther%2C+Joseph&rft.aulast=Luther&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - CdTe Nanocrystals in Ink-Based Photovoltaics: A Study of Grain Growth and Device Architecture T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627964126; 6309650 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Crisp, Ryan AU - Panthani, Matthew AU - Talapin, Dmitri AU - Luther, Joseph Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Photovoltaics KW - Growth KW - Grain KW - Crystals KW - Grains UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627964126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=CdTe+Nanocrystals+in+Ink-Based+Photovoltaics%3A+A+Study+of+Grain+Growth+and+Device+Architecture&rft.au=Crisp%2C+Ryan%3BPanthani%2C+Matthew%3BTalapin%2C+Dmitri%3BLuther%2C+Joseph&rft.aulast=Crisp&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Impacts of Regional Natural Gas Prices on the Deployment of Renewable Energy Systems T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627963806; 6310830 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Cole, Wesley AU - Sullivan, Patrick AU - Davidson, Carolyn Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Resource management KW - Renewable energy KW - Conservation KW - Environment management KW - Natural gas UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627963806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=The+Impacts+of+Regional+Natural+Gas+Prices+on+the+Deployment+of+Renewable+Energy+Systems&rft.au=Cole%2C+Wesley%3BSullivan%2C+Patrick%3BDavidson%2C+Carolyn&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Wesley&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Techno-Economic Analysis for Upgrading Butanol to Hydrocarbon Fuel T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627963745; 6309419 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Tao, Ling AU - Markham, Jennifer Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Fuels KW - butanol UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627963745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Techno-Economic+Analysis+for+Upgrading+Butanol+to+Hydrocarbon+Fuel&rft.au=Tao%2C+Ling%3BMarkham%2C+Jennifer&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=Ling&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - How the Walls Come Crumbling Down: Elucidating Mechanisms of Cellulose-Active Enzymes Using Molecular Simulation T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627963717; 6310750 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Beckham, Gregg Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Enzymes KW - Simulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627963717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=How+the+Walls+Come+Crumbling+Down%3A+Elucidating+Mechanisms+of+Cellulose-Active+Enzymes+Using+Molecular+Simulation&rft.au=Beckham%2C+Gregg&rft.aulast=Beckham&rft.aufirst=Gregg&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Parametric Gasification Study Comparing Traditional and Blended Feedstocks at Varying Conditions T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627962663; 6311221 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Jablonski, Whitney Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Gasification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627962663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Parametric+Gasification+Study+Comparing+Traditional+and+Blended+Feedstocks+at+Varying+Conditions&rft.au=Jablonski%2C+Whitney&rft.aulast=Jablonski&rft.aufirst=Whitney&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - 2013 NREL Design Report: Biochemical Conversion of Biomass-to-Hydrocarbons, Process Design and Economics T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627961874; 6309420 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Davis, Ryan AU - Tao, Ling AU - Tan, Eric AU - Biddy, Mary AU - Scarlata, Chris Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Biochemistry KW - Economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627961874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=2013+NREL+Design+Report%3A+Biochemical+Conversion+of+Biomass-to-Hydrocarbons%2C+Process+Design+and+Economics&rft.au=Davis%2C+Ryan%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BTan%2C+Eric%3BBiddy%2C+Mary%3BScarlata%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Techno-Economic Analysis of a Perspective Bioethylene Production Process from Photosynthetically-Fixed CO2 in Recombinant Cyanobacteria T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627959736; 6310118 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Markham, Jennifer AU - Tao, Ling AU - Davis, Ryan AU - Yu, Jianping Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Recombinants KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Carbon dioxide UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627959736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Techno-Economic+Analysis+of+a+Perspective+Bioethylene+Production+Process+from+Photosynthetically-Fixed+CO2+in+Recombinant+Cyanobacteria&rft.au=Markham%2C+Jennifer%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BDavis%2C+Ryan%3BYu%2C+Jianping&rft.aulast=Markham&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Flow Characterization of Biomass Solids T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627959446; 6307826 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Crawford, Nathan AU - Sievers, David AU - Stickel, Jonathan Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Biomass UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627959446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Flow+Characterization+of+Biomass+Solids&rft.au=Crawford%2C+Nathan%3BSievers%2C+David%3BStickel%2C+Jonathan&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Flocculation Assisted Clarification of Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Corn Stover Slurries T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627959220; 6308152 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Stickel, Jonathan AU - Lischeske, James AU - Sievers, David AU - Crawford, Nathan Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Slurries KW - Corn KW - Flocculation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627959220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Flocculation+Assisted+Clarification+of+Enzymatically+Hydrolyzed+Corn+Stover+Slurries&rft.au=Stickel%2C+Jonathan%3BLischeske%2C+James%3BSievers%2C+David%3BCrawford%2C+Nathan&rft.aulast=Stickel&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Layered Double-Hydroxide Catalysts for Lignin Depolymerization T2 - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AN - 1627958190; 6308192 JF - 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2014) AU - Kruger, Jacob AU - Cleveland, Nicholas AU - Biddy, Mary AU - Beckham, Gregg Y1 - 2014/11/16/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Nov 16 KW - Depolymerization KW - Lignin KW - Catalysts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627958190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.atitle=Layered+Double-Hydroxide+Catalysts+for+Lignin+Depolymerization&rft.au=Kruger%2C+Jacob%3BCleveland%2C+Nicholas%3BBiddy%2C+Mary%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg&rft.aulast=Kruger&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2014+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2014/webprogram/meeting2014-11-16.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-31 N1 - Last updated - 2014-11-26 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temperature dependent band-gap energy for Cu sub(2)ZnSnSe sub(4): A spectroscopic ellipsometric study AN - 1786167520; PQ0002462861 AB - Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is used to study the dependence of the band-gap energy for Cu sub(2)ZnSnSe sub(4) (CZTSe) on temperature ranging from 50 to 350 K. A CZTSe thin film prepared by the pseudo-bulk approach allows direct observation of the fundamental band-gap E sub(0)(A,B) in the SE data without need for multi-layer modeling. We obtain accurate energy values for E sub(0)(A,B) and its spin-orbit splitting component E sub(0)(C) from standard lineshape analysis of the second-energy-derivative spectra. The E sub(0)(A,B) and E sub(0)(C) energies for CZTSe decrease with increasing temperature, as for many semiconductors, but their temperature dependencies are relatively weak. Our experimental observation can be explained in terms of relatively small change in bond-length and strong p-d states coupling at the valence band maximum. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Choi, S G AU - Kim, T J AU - Hwang, S Y AU - Li, J AU - Persson, C AU - Kim, Y D AU - Wei, S-H AU - Repins, I L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA sukgeun.choi@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/11// PY - 2014 DA - November 2014 SP - 375 EP - 379 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 130 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cell |a MeSH KW - Spectroscopic ellipsometry |a MeSH KW - Band-gap energy |a MeSH KW - Spectroscopic analysis KW - Semiconductors KW - Multilayers KW - Standards KW - Ellipsometry KW - Spectroscopy KW - Thin films KW - Band spectra UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1786167520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Temperature+dependent+band-gap+energy+for+Cu+sub%282%29ZnSnSe+sub%284%29%3A+A+spectroscopic+ellipsometric+study&rft.au=Choi%2C+S+G%3BKim%2C+T+J%3BHwang%2C+S+Y%3BLi%2C+J%3BPersson%2C+C%3BKim%2C+Y+D%3BWei%2C+S-H%3BRepins%2C+I+L&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2014.07.039 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-03 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.07.039 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upgrading biomass pyrolysis vapors over beta -zeolites: role of silica-to-alumina ratio AN - 1635026071; 21049408 AB - The conversion of biomass primary pyrolysis vapors over several beta -zeolites with silica-to-alumina ratios (SAR) varying from 21 to 250 was carried out in a flow microreactor to investigate the effect of number of acid sites on product speciation and deactivation of the catalyst. Experiments were conducted using a horizontal fixed bed semi-batch reactor in which up to 40 discrete 50 mg boats of biomass were pyrolyzed and the vapors upgraded over 0.5 g of the catalyst. Products were measured with a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS). These studies were complemented using a tandem micropyrolyzer connected to a GCMS (py-GCMS) for speciation and quantifying the products. In the py-GCMS experiments, several 0.5 mg loads of pine were pyrolyzed sequentially and the vapors upgraded over 4 mg of catalyst. In all of these experiments, real-time measurements of the products formed were conducted as the catalyst aged and deactivated during upgrading. The results from these experiments showed that: (1) fresh catalyst for beta -zeolites with lower SAR (more acid sites) produced primarily aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins with no detectable oxygen-containing species; (2) a suite of oxygenated products was observed from fresh catalysts with high SAR (few acid sites), indicating that 0.5 g of these catalyst materials did not have sufficient acid sites to deoxygenate vapors produced from pyrolysis of 50 mg of pine. This suite of oxygen containing products consisted of furans, phenol and cresols. The amount of coke deposited on each catalyst and the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons increased with the number of acid sites. However, while the catalysts were active, the biomass selectivity towards coke and hydrocarbons remained essentially constant on the catalysts of varying SAR. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - Watson, Michael J AU - ten Dam, Jeroen AU - Baucherel, Xavier AU - Budhi, Sridhar AU - Yung, Matthew M AU - Ben, Haoxi AU - Iisa, Kristiina AU - Baldwin, Robert M AU - Nimlos, Mark R AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401-3393; USA; , calvin.mukarakate@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/11// PY - 2014 DA - November 2014 SP - 4891 EP - 4905 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 16 IS - 12 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Pyrolysis KW - Oxygen KW - Vapors KW - Boats KW - Green development KW - Coke KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Catalysts KW - Biomass KW - Furans KW - Phenols KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1635026071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Upgrading+biomass+pyrolysis+vapors+over+beta+-zeolites%3A+role+of+silica-to-alumina+ratio&rft.au=Mukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BWatson%2C+Michael+J%3Bten+Dam%2C+Jeroen%3BBaucherel%2C+Xavier%3BBudhi%2C+Sridhar%3BYung%2C+Matthew+M%3BBen%2C+Haoxi%3BIisa%2C+Kristiina%3BBaldwin%2C+Robert+M%3BNimlos%2C+Mark+R&rft.aulast=Mukarakate&rft.aufirst=Calvin&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc4gc01425a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 48 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyrolysis; Oxygen; Boats; Vapors; Green development; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Coke; Catalysts; Furans; Biomass; Phenols DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01425a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comprehensive measure of the energy resource: Wind power potential (WPP) AN - 1762366621; PQ0002461276 AB - Currently, the quality of available wind energy at a site is assessed using wind power density (WPD). This paper proposes to use a more comprehensive metric: the wind power potential (WPP). The WPP investigates the effect of wind velocity distribution on the optimal net power generation of a farm. A joint distribution of wind speed and direction is used to characterize the stochastic variation of wind conditions. Two joint distribution methods are adopted in this paper: bivariate normal distribution and anisotropic lognormal method. The net power generation for a particular farmland size and installed capacity is maximized for different distributions of wind speed and wind direction, using the Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization (UWFLO) framework. The results illustrate the variation of wind conditions and, subsequently, its influence on the quality of wind resources. A comparison of four sites in North Dakota shows that WPD and WPP follow different trends, and the ranking of candidate sites in terms of a realistic resource potential measure is not captured by WPD. JF - Energy Conversion & Management AU - Zhang, Jie AU - Chowdhury, Souma AU - Messac, Achille AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, jie.zhang@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/10// PY - 2014 DA - October 2014 SP - 388 EP - 398 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 86 SN - 0196-8904, 0196-8904 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Anisotropic lognormal distribution |a MeSH KW - Farm siting |a MeSH KW - Layout optimization |a MeSH KW - Response surface |a MeSH KW - Wind power density |a MeSH KW - Wind resource assessment |a MeSH KW - Agricultural land KW - Farms KW - Wind energy KW - USA, North Dakota KW - Energy KW - Electric power generation KW - Velocity KW - Wind KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1762366621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Conversion+%26+Management&rft.atitle=A+comprehensive+measure+of+the+energy+resource%3A+Wind+power+potential+%28WPP%29&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jie%3BChowdhury%2C+Souma%3BMessac%2C+Achille&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jie&rft.date=2014-10-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=&rft.spage=388&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Conversion+%26+Management&rft.issn=01968904&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enconman.2014.04.083 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agricultural land; Farms; Wind energy; Electric power generation; Energy; Velocity; Wind; USA, North Dakota DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.083 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The opportunities and challenges of sustainable shale gas development AN - 1629938430; 2014-099800 JF - Elements AU - Zoback, Mark D AU - Arent, Douglas J Y1 - 2014/08// PY - 2014 DA - August 2014 SP - 251 EP - 253 PB - Mineralogical Society of America and Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland and Mineralogical Association of Canada and Geochemical Society and Clay Minerals Society VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1811-5209, 1811-5209 KW - resources KW - horizontal drilling KW - shale gas KW - waste water KW - natural gas KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - petroleum KW - production KW - seepage KW - environmental effects KW - climate change KW - ground water KW - carbon dioxide KW - seismicity KW - energy sources KW - directional drilling KW - drilling KW - industry KW - water use KW - hydraulic fracturing KW - methane KW - pollution KW - alkanes KW - organic compounds KW - sustainable development KW - hydrocarbons KW - risk assessment KW - economics KW - greenhouse gases KW - waste disposal KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1629938430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Elements&rft.atitle=The+opportunities+and+challenges+of+sustainable+shale+gas+development&rft.au=Zoback%2C+Mark+D%3BArent%2C+Douglas+J&rft.aulast=Zoback&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Elements&rft.issn=18115209&rft_id=info:doi/10.2113%2Fgselements.10.4.251 L2 - http://www.elementsmagazine.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2014-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - A longer version of this perspective originally appeared in the Spring 2014 edition of The Bridge, published by the National Academy of Engineering N1 - Last updated - 2014-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; carbon dioxide; climate change; directional drilling; drilling; economics; energy sources; environmental effects; greenhouse gases; ground water; horizontal drilling; hydraulic fracturing; hydrocarbons; industry; methane; natural gas; organic compounds; petroleum; pollution; production; resources; risk assessment; seepage; seismicity; shale gas; sustainable development; waste disposal; waste water; water use DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gselements.10.4.251 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oscillation damping: A comparison of wind and photovoltaic power plant capabilities AN - 1770297309; PQ0001211855 AB - This paper investigates the potential for wind power plants (WPPs) and photovoltaic power plants (PVPs) to damp inter-area oscillations. Inter-area oscillations may be the result of a single or a group of generators oscillating against another group of generators across a weak transmission link. If poorly damped, these power system oscillations can cause system instability and potentially lead to blackouts. Power conversion devices, particularly megawatt-scale converters that connect wind turbines and photovoltaic power plants to the grid, could be used to damp these oscillations by injecting power into the system out of phase with the potentially unstable mode. Over time, the net energy injection is near zero; therefore, providing this "static damping" capability is not expected to affect annual energy production. However, WPPs and PVPs have different capabilities due to the inherent physical nature of these plants. WPPs have some energy stored in the rotating masses of the turbines, while PVPs have no such stored energy. Thus the challenge of providing oscillation damping services will have to be approached differently for WPPs and PVPPs. In this work strategies for providing oscillation damping services from WPPs and PVPs are compared and contrasted. Kundur's well-known two-area, four-generator system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC. The WPP and PVP models are based on the Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) standard models. Controllers to damp inter-area oscillations are developed and added to the WECC WPP and PVP models, and their effects are studied. Analysis is performed on the data generated by the simulations. JF - IEEE Conferences AU - Singh, M AU - Allen, A AU - Muljadi, E AU - Gevorgian, V AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2014/07// PY - 2014 DA - July 2014 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Generators KW - Dampness KW - Oscillations KW - Solar cells KW - Electric power generation KW - Electric power plants KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Damping UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1770297309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Conferences&rft.atitle=Oscillation+damping%3A+A+comparison+of+wind+and+photovoltaic+power+plant+capabilities&rft.au=Singh%2C+M%3BAllen%2C+A%3BMuljadi%2C+E%3BGevorgian%2C+V&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Conferences&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FPEMWA.2014.6912216 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PEMWA.2014.6912216 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modeling photovoltaic diffusion: an analysis of geospatial datasets AN - 1709170048; PQ0001859774 AB - This study combines address-level residential photovoltaic (PV) adoption trends in California with several types of geospatial information-population demographics, housing characteristics, foreclosure rates, solar irradiance, vehicle ownership preferences, and others-to identify which subsets of geospatial information are the best predictors of historical PV adoption. Number of rooms, heating source and house age were key variables that had not been previously explored in the literature, but are consistent with the expected profile of a PV adopter. The strong relationship provided by foreclosure indicators and mortgage status have less of an intuitive connection to PV adoption, but may be highly correlated with characteristics inherent in PV adopters. Next, we explore how these predictive factors and model performance varies between different Investor Owned Utility (IOU) regions in California, and at different spatial scales. Results suggest that models trained with small subsets of geospatial information (five to eight variables) may provide similar explanatory power as models using hundreds of geospatial variables. Further, the predictive performance of models generally decreases at higher resolution, i.e., below ZIP code level since several geospatial variables with coarse native resolution become less useful for representing high resolution variations in PV adoption trends. However, for California we find that model performance improves if parameters are trained at the regional IOU level rather than the state-wide level. We also find that models trained within one IOU region are generally representative for other IOU regions in CA, suggesting that a model trained with data from one state may be applicable in another state. JF - Environmental Research Letters AU - Davidson, Carolyn AU - Drury, Easan AU - Lopez, Anthony AU - Elmore, Ryan AU - Margolis, Robert AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401, USA, carolyn.davidson@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/07// PY - 2014 DA - July 2014 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - IOP Publishing, The Public Ledger Building, Suite 929 Philadelphia PA 19106 United States VL - 9 IS - 7 SN - 1748-9326, 1748-9326 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - solar photovoltaic KW - technology diffusion KW - distributed generation KW - Historical account KW - Age KW - Housing KW - Spatial distribution KW - Loans KW - Demography KW - Investors KW - INE, USA, California KW - Solar cells KW - Residential areas KW - Diffusion KW - Ethnic groups KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1709170048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Modeling+photovoltaic+diffusion%3A+an+analysis+of+geospatial+datasets&rft.au=Davidson%2C+Carolyn%3BDrury%2C+Easan%3BLopez%2C+Anthony%3BElmore%2C+Ryan%3BMargolis%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.issn=17489326&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F9%2F7%2F074009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Historical account; Age; Investors; Spatial distribution; Housing; Loans; Solar cells; Residential areas; Diffusion; Ethnic groups; INE, USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/7/074009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct production of gasoline and diesel fuels from biomass via integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion process-A techno-economic analysis AN - 1664212229; PQ0001233383 AB - A techno-economic analysis (TEA) is performed to investigate the production of gasoline and diesel range hydrocarbon fuels by conversion of woody biomass via Gas Technology Institute (GTI)'s integrated hydropyrolysis plus hydroconversion (IH super(2)) process. The processing capacity is 2000 dry metric tonnes (2205 dry US tons) of woody biomass per day. Major process areas include catalytic hydropyrolysis, catalytic hydroconversion, on-site hydrogen production, feedstock handling and storage, hydrocarbon absorber, sour water stripper, hydrogen sulfide scrubber, distillation tower, and all other operations support utilities. The TEA incorporates applicable commercial technologies, process modeling using Aspen HYSYS software, equipment cost estimation, and discounted cash flow analysis. The resulting minimum fuel selling price is $1.64 per gallon (or $1.68 per gallon of gasoline equivalent) in 2007 US dollars. The process yields 79 gallons of liquid fuels per dry US ton of woody biomass feedstock, for an annual fuel production rate of 61 million gallons at 96% on-stream time. The estimated total capital investment for an nth-plant is $264 million. A sensitivity analysis captures uncertainties in costs and plant performance. Results from this TEA can serve as the baseline for future comparison and as a basis for comparing this process to other biomass-to-liquid fuel pathways. copyright 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 609-617, 2014 JF - Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy AU - Tan, Eric CD AU - Marker, Terry L AU - Roberts, Michael J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401. Y1 - 2014/07// PY - 2014 DA - July 2014 SP - 609 EP - 617 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 1944-7442, 1944-7442 KW - Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Gasoline KW - Fuels KW - Handling KW - Hydrogen sulphide KW - Air pollution control KW - Hydrogen KW - Costs KW - Sensitivity Analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Yield KW - Tea KW - Scrubbers KW - Pollution control equipment KW - Fuel KW - Investments KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Capital KW - Hydrogen sulfide KW - Biomass KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Energy KW - Distillation KW - Capacity KW - Environment management KW - Technology KW - Q2 09243:Structure, mechanics and thermodynamics KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664212229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.atitle=Direct+production+of+gasoline+and+diesel+fuels+from+biomass+via+integrated+hydropyrolysis+and+hydroconversion+process-A+techno-economic+analysis&rft.au=Tan%2C+Eric+CD%3BMarker%2C+Terry+L%3BRoberts%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.issn=19447442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fep.11791 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Investments; Hydrogen sulphide; Handling; Fuels; Biomass; Environment management; Gasoline; Air pollution control; Hydrogen; Hydrogen sulfide; Computer programs; Sensitivity analysis; Tea; Distillation; Energy; Scrubbers; Pollution control equipment; Technology; Sensitivity Analysis; Costs; Yield; Hydrocarbons; Capital; Capacity; Fuel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.11791 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of range anxiety and home, workplace, and public charging infrastructure on simulated battery electric vehicle lifetime utility AN - 1554954655; 20217958 AB - Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offer the potential to reduce both oil imports and greenhouse gas emissions, but have a limited utility due to factors including driver range anxiety and access to charging infrastructure. In this paper we apply NREL's Battery Lifetime Analysis and Simulation Tool for Vehicles (BLAST-V) to examine the sensitivity of BEV utility to range anxiety and different charging infrastructure scenarios, including variable time schedules, power levels, and locations (home, work, and public installations). We find that the effects of range anxiety can be significant, but are reduced with access to additional charging infrastructure. We also find that (1) increasing home charging power above that provided by a common 15 A, 120 V circuit offers little added utility, (2) workplace charging offers significant utility benefits to select high mileage commuters, and (3) broadly available public charging can bring many lower mileage drivers to near-100% utility while strongly increasing the achieved miles of high mileage drivers. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Neubauer, Jeremy AU - Wood, Eric AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA, Jeremy.neubauer@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/07/01/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Jul 01 SP - 12 EP - 20 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 257 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Battery Lifetime Analysis and Simulation KW - Tool for Vehicles KW - Range anxiety KW - Electric vehicle KW - Workplace charging KW - Public charging KW - Fast charging KW - Infrastructure KW - Oil KW - Sensitivity KW - Batteries KW - Emissions KW - Imports KW - Simulation KW - Greenhouse gases KW - ENA 20:Weather Modification & Geophysical Change UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1554954655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+range+anxiety+and+home%2C+workplace%2C+and+public+charging+infrastructure+on+simulated+battery+electric+vehicle+lifetime+utility&rft.au=Neubauer%2C+Jeremy%3BWood%2C+Eric&rft.aulast=Neubauer&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft.volume=257&rft.issue=&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2014.01.075 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Infrastructure; Sensitivity; Batteries; Imports; Emissions; Simulation; Greenhouse gases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.075 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diesel and biodiesel exhaust particle effects on rat alveolar macrophages with in vitro exposure. AN - 1509409401; 24268344 AB - Combustion emissions from diesel engines emit particulate matter which deposits within the lungs. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) encounter the particles and attempt to engulf the particles. Emissions particles from diesel combustion engines have been found to contain diverse biologically active components including metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons which cause adverse health effects. However little is known about AM response to particles from the incorporation of biodiesel. The objective of this study was to examine the toxicity in Wistar Kyoto rat AM of biodiesel blend (B20) and low sulfur petroleum diesel (PDEP) exhaust particles. Particles were independently suspended in media at a range of 1-500μgmL(-1). Results indicated B20 and PDEP initiated a dose dependent increase of inflammatory signals from AM after exposure. After 24h exposure to B20 and PDEP gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) increased. B20 exposure resulted in elevated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release at lower particle concentrations compared to PDEP. B20 and PDEP demonstrated similar affinity for sequestration of PGE2 at high concentrations, suggesting detection is not impaired. Our data suggests PGE2 release from AM is dependent on the chemical composition of the particles. Particle analysis including measurements of metals and ions indicate B20 contains more of select metals than PDEP. Other particle components generally reduced by 20% with 20% incorporation of biodiesel into original diesel. This study shows AM exposure to B20 results in increased production of PGE2in vitro relative to diesel. JF - Chemosphere AU - Bhavaraju, Laya AU - Shannahan, Jonathan AU - William, Aaron AU - McCormick, Robert AU - McGee, John AU - Kodavanti, Urmila AU - Madden, Michael AD - Currciculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States. ; School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States. ; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States. ; EPHD, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States. ; EPHD, NHEERL, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States. Electronic address: madden.michael@epa.gov. Y1 - 2014/06// PY - 2014 DA - June 2014 SP - 126 EP - 133 VL - 104 KW - Biofuels KW - 0 KW - Particulate Matter KW - Petroleum KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Dinoprostone KW - K7Q1JQR04M KW - Index Medicus KW - Alveolar macrophages KW - Diesel exhaust KW - Prostaglandin E(2) KW - Biodiesel exhaust KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Dinoprostone -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Petroleum -- toxicity KW - Particulate Matter -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Vehicle Emissions -- toxicity KW - Petroleum -- analysis KW - Biofuels -- analysis KW - Biofuels -- toxicity KW - Particulate Matter -- analysis KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1509409401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Diesel+and+biodiesel+exhaust+particle+effects+on+rat+alveolar+macrophages+with+in+vitro+exposure.&rft.au=Bhavaraju%2C+Laya%3BShannahan%2C+Jonathan%3BWilliam%2C+Aaron%3BMcCormick%2C+Robert%3BMcGee%2C+John%3BKodavanti%2C+Urmila%3BMadden%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Bhavaraju&rft.aufirst=Laya&rft.date=2014-06-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=1879-1298&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2013.10.080 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2014-09-25 N1 - Date created - 2014-03-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Apr;111(4):455-60 [12676598] Exp Lung Res. 2003 Jan-Feb;29(1):29-44 [12652814] Inhal Toxicol. 2004 Mar;16(3):147-53 [15204776] Scan Electron Microsc. 1980;(3):327-38 [6158086] Exp Lung Res. 1997 May-Jun;23(3):269-84 [9184793] Occup Environ Med. 1999 Aug;56(8):527-34 [10492649] Inhal Toxicol. 2005 Dec 15;17(14):871-7 [16282164] Toxicol In Vitro. 2006 Aug;20(5):614-24 [16360300] Inhal Toxicol. 2007 Sep;19(12):1033-9 [17917919] Toxicol Lett. 2008 Feb 15;176(3):178-87 [18187276] Biotechniques. 2008 May;44(6):799-805 [18476833] Inhal Toxicol. 2009 Aug;21(9):731-8 [19242849] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Nov 15;241(1):71-80 [19679144] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2010;73(10):641-56 [20391109] Toxicol Sci. 2010 Jul;116(1):67-78 [20385657] Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Nov 1;44(21):8343-9 [20886845] Inhal Toxicol. 2010 Dec;22 Suppl 2:48-58 [21029031] Inhal Toxicol. 2010 Dec;22 Suppl 2:59-69 [21029033] Inhal Toxicol. 2010 Dec;22 Suppl 2:37-47 [21142797] Inhal Toxicol. 2011 Jul;23(8):449-58 [21689006] Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 1;45(19):8545-51 [21842833] Chemosphere. 2013 Jan;90(3):1005-15 [22925425] Part Fibre Toxicol. 2012;9:37 [23021308] J Hazard Mater. 2010 Jul 15;179(1-3):237-43 [20307928] N Engl J Med. 2000 Dec 14;343(24):1742-9 [11114312] FASEB J. 2001 Dec;15(14):2556-64 [11726530] Chem Res Toxicol. 2002 Apr;15(4):483-9 [11952333] Toxicol In Vitro. 2002 Jun;16(3):209-18 [12020593] J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 18;277(42):39259-65 [12163478] Inhal Toxicol. 2002 Oct;14(10):1017-48 [12396409] Inhal Toxicol. 2002 Oct;14(10):1069-86 [12396411] J Leukoc Biol. 2004 May;75(5):856-64 [14966191] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.080 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detecting and localizing failure points in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using IR thermography AN - 1540232354; 20029899 AB - An understanding of the potentially serious long-term performance degradation effects that coating and/or other fabrication irregularities might have in mass produced proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is essential to determine manufacturing tolerances of fuel cell components. An experimental setup and methodology is described that employs accelerated stress tests (ASTs) and IR thermography to accurately determine the location and severity of developing failure points in PEMFCs. The method entails a novel hardware that allows the spatial observation of a hydrogen crossover experiment within a fuel cell hardware. The application of the method is demonstrated by comparing the effects of an AST on pristine as well as defect-containing MEAs. The presented method is shown to be valuable for determining the areas within a fuel cell that are most stressed by aging processes. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Bender, Guido AU - Felt, Wyatt AU - Ulsh, Michael AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA, guido.bender@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/05/01/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 May 01 SP - 224 EP - 229 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 253 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Fuel cell KW - PEMFC KW - Durability KW - Thermography KW - Failure KW - Accelerated stress test KW - Fuel technology KW - Membranes KW - Degradation KW - Aging KW - Stress KW - Hydrogen KW - Coatings KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1540232354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Detecting+and+localizing+failure+points+in+proton+exchange+membrane+fuel+cells+using+IR+thermography&rft.au=Bender%2C+Guido%3BFelt%2C+Wyatt%3BUlsh%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Bender&rft.aufirst=Guido&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.volume=253&rft.issue=&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2013.12.045 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fuel technology; Membranes; Degradation; Aging; Stress; Hydrogen; Coatings DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.045 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative techno-economic analysis and reviews of n-butanol production from corn grain and corn stover AN - 1529949621; 19804480 AB - This work presents a detailed review and comparative analysis of the process design and economics of n-butanol production using corn grain and corn stover. This includes reviewing the most recent n-butanol technologies; demonstrating the impact of key parameters (e.g. plant capacity, raw material pricing, yield) on the overall n-butanol process economics; and comparing how cellulosic biomass conversion technologies and challenges differ from traditional sugar-based n-butanol conversion technology. A major challenge of n-butanol production is the low n-butanol yield (compared to ethanol), resulting in higher production costs. However, recent research efforts have achieved significant yield improvements using a combination of genetic engineering, fermentation techniques, and integrated process development using continuous fermentation with online stripping to remove n-butanol during fermentation. This study presents the advances in n-butanol research for both sugar-based (corn) and cellulosic (corn stover) feedstocks, and also provides a comparison of overall process technologies and process economics. In addition, the results of a sensitivity analysis comparing various technologies, sugar yields, and coproduct distributions are discussed in order to provide research guidance. copyright 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Tao, Ling AU - He, Xin AU - Tan, Eric CD AU - Zhang, Min AU - Aden, Andy AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2014/05// PY - 2014 DA - May 2014 SP - 342 EP - 361 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - techno-economic analysis KW - n-butanol KW - biofuel KW - lignocellulosic feedstocks KW - integrated process KW - hybrid reaction separation KW - continuous fermentation KW - Sugar KW - Fermentation KW - Genetic engineering KW - Economics KW - Grain KW - Refining KW - Biomass KW - Biofuels KW - Internet KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1529949621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Comparative+techno-economic+analysis+and+reviews+of+n-butanol+production+from+corn+grain+and+corn+stover&rft.au=Tao%2C+Ling%3BHe%2C+Xin%3BTan%2C+Eric+CD%3BZhang%2C+Min%3BAden%2C+Andy&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=Ling&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=342&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1462 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Fermentation; Genetic engineering; Economics; Grain; Refining; Biomass; Internet; Biofuels; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1462 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photovoltaic module calibration value versus optical air mass: the air mass function AN - 1524396195; 19654871 AB - So-called "air mass functions" of photovoltaic modules are used to approximate the effects of spectral responsivity and to correct short-circuit current to or from a reference condition. These empirical functions are determined from outdoor measurements with test modules mounted on two-axis solar trackers and then calculated from plots of normalized calibration value (short-circuit current divided by total irradiance) versus optical air mass. Because they are incorporated into a number of photovoltaic system modeling and sizing software programs, the accuracy of the functions has direct implications for system costs. We discuss the assumptions associated with these functions that are generally not considered or ignored, and study their variability with respect to atmospheric constituents. The variability study included a 6-month outdoor measurement on a crystalline-Si module and a software simulation of the same module using a solar spectral irradiance model. We conclude that air mass functions depend on the measurement location and time, and therefore are not unique to a particular device. Also, using these functions introduces two distinct errors, the magnitudes of which are unknown without knowledge of spectral irradiance conditions. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Empirical polynomial expressions of module short-circuit current over total irradiance versus absolute optical air mass are known as "air mass functions", and are used to approximate the effects of spectral responsivity in several photovoltaic system performance models. From 6 months of outdoor data and a spectral sensitivity model, this paper demonstrates that such functions are not fundamental properties of modules because they vary with time and location. Thus, these functions can actually increase error in system performance modeling. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Osterwald, C R AU - Emery, KA AU - Muller, M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2014/05// PY - 2014 DA - May 2014 SP - 560 EP - 573 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 1062-7995, 1062-7995 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - photovoltaics KW - measurement KW - current KW - responsivity KW - spectral KW - calibration KW - performance KW - modeling KW - Air masses KW - Computer programs KW - Sensitivity KW - USA KW - Solar cells KW - Simulation KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1524396195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Photovoltaic+module+calibration+value+versus+optical+air+mass%3A+the+air+mass+function&rft.au=Osterwald%2C+C+R%3BEmery%2C+KA%3BMuller%2C+M&rft.aulast=Osterwald&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=560&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=10627995&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.2303 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Air masses; Sensitivity; Computer programs; Solar cells; Simulation; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2303 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Renewable Electricity Futures for the United States AN - 1837307869; PQ0003757567 AB - This paper highlights the key results from the Renewable Electricity (RE) Futures Study. It is a detailed consideration of renewable electricity in the United States. The paper focuses on technical issues related to the operability of the U.S. electricity grid and provides initial answers to important questions about the integration of high penetrations of renewable electricity technologies from a national perspective. The results indicate that the future U.S. electricity system that is largely powered by renewable sources is possible and the further work is warranted to investigate this clean generation pathway. The central conclusion of the analysis is that renewable electricity generation from technologies that are commercially available today, in combination with a more flexible electric system, is more than adequate to supply 80% of the total U.S. electricity generation in 2050 while meeting electricity demand on an hourly basis in every region of the United States. JF - IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy AU - Mai, Trieu AU - Hand, MMaureen AU - Baldwin, Samuel F AU - Wiser, Ryan H AU - Brinkman, Greg L AU - Denholm, Paul AU - Arent, Doug J AU - Porro, Gian AU - Sandor, Debra AU - Hostick, Donna J AU - Milligan, Michael AU - DeMeo, Edgar A AU - Bazilian, Morgan AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2014/04// PY - 2014 DA - April 2014 SP - 372 EP - 378 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., USA VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1949-3029, 1949-3029 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - USA KW - Renewable energy KW - Electricity KW - Sustainability KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1837307869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Sustainable+Energy&rft.atitle=Renewable+Electricity+Futures+for+the+United+States&rft.au=Mai%2C+Trieu%3BHand%2C+MMaureen%3BBaldwin%2C+Samuel+F%3BWiser%2C+Ryan+H%3BBrinkman%2C+Greg+L%3BDenholm%2C+Paul%3BArent%2C+Doug+J%3BPorro%2C+Gian%3BSandor%2C+Debra%3BHostick%2C+Donna+J%3BMilligan%2C+Michael%3BDeMeo%2C+Edgar+A%3BBazilian%2C+Morgan&rft.aulast=Mai&rft.aufirst=Trieu&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Sustainable+Energy&rft.issn=19493029&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTSTE.2013.2290472 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-11-23 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Renewable energy; Electricity; Sustainability; Technology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2013.2290472 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineering plant cell walls: tuning lignin monomer composition for deconstructable biofuel feedstocks or resilient biomaterials AN - 1524413896; 19761730 AB - Advances in genetic manipulation of the biopolymers that compose plant cell walls will facilitate more efficient production of biofuels and chemicals from biomass and lead to specialized biomaterials with tailored properties. Here we investigate several genetic variants of Arabidopsis: the wild type, which makes a lignin polymer of primarily guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) monomeric units, the fah1 mutant, which makes lignin from almost exclusively G subunits, and a ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) overexpressing line (C4H:F5H) that makes lignin from S subunits. We employ multiscale, multimodal imaging techniques that reveal the biomass of the C4H:F5H transgenic to be more susceptible to deconstruction by maleic acid treatment than the other variants. Enzymatic saccharification assays of the treated materials show that C4H:F5H transgenic tissue is significantly more digestible than the wild type, while the fah1 mutant is clearly the least digestible of these materials. Finally, we show by contact resonance force microscopy, an atomic force microscopy technique, that F5H overexpression in C4H:F5H transgenic plants significantly reduces the stiffness of the cell walls in the region of the compound middle lamella relative to wild type and fah1. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Resch, Michael G AU - Hewetson, Barron AU - Killgore, Jason P AU - Curtin, Alexandra AU - Anderson, Nick AU - Chiaramonti, Ann N AU - Hurley, Donna C AU - Sanders, Aric AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Chapple, Clint AU - Mosier, Nathan AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AD - Biosciences Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401; USA; +1-303-384-7773; , bryon.donohoe@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/04// PY - 2014 DA - April 2014 SP - 2627 EP - 2635 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 16 IS - 5 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Fuel technology KW - Biopolymers KW - Transgenic plants KW - Mutants KW - Plant cells KW - Maleic acid KW - Arabidopsis KW - atomic force microscopy KW - Biomass KW - imaging KW - Monomers KW - Microscopy KW - Green development KW - Lignin KW - Biomaterials KW - Polymers KW - Biofuels KW - Cell walls KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1524413896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Engineering+plant+cell+walls%3A+tuning+lignin+monomer+composition+for+deconstructable+biofuel+feedstocks+or+resilient+biomaterials&rft.au=Ciesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BResch%2C+Michael+G%3BHewetson%2C+Barron%3BKillgore%2C+Jason+P%3BCurtin%2C+Alexandra%3BAnderson%2C+Nick%3BChiaramonti%2C+Ann+N%3BHurley%2C+Donna+C%3BSanders%2C+Aric%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BChapple%2C+Clint%3BMosier%2C+Nathan%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S&rft.aulast=Ciesielski&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc3gc42422g LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monomers; Plant cells; Maleic acid; Lignin; Biopolymers; atomic force microscopy; Biomaterials; Biomass; imaging; Transgenic plants; Biofuels; Cell walls; Chemicals; Fuel technology; Green development; Microscopy; Polymers; Mutants; Arabidopsis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3gc42422g ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of commercial ethanol production systems from Brazilian sugarcane and US corn AN - 1559668544; 19432476 AB - Global biofuels production grew rapidly from 2007 to 2012, led by the United States and Brazil, the world's two largest fuel-ethanol-producing systems. In this paper we provide insights into the characteristics of mature Brazilian sugarcane and maturing US dry mill corn ethanol industries. Both systems continue to improve as measured by life cycle data such as total renewable energy produced per unit of fossil energy consumed [renewable energy ratio (RER)]. Sugarcane self-benchmarking systems showed RER values of 7.0 in 2002 to 9.4 in 2009 as the industry started to switch to mechanized harvesting. The average US RER improved from 1.1 to 1.7 from 2000 to 2010. RERs of 4.4 to 5.5 are observed in corn ethanol plants employing natural gas or corn stover combined heat and power. Ethanol systems configured to produce ethanol and electricity had similar net energy balances (a ratio of net energy produced to energy contained in the fuel). One measure of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions (biomass use efficiency) compares the effectiveness of displacing carbon from combustion of fossil fuels with renewable carbon. Advanced corn ethanol systems reach higher GHG emission reduction levels compared to sugarcane ethanol by displacing coal-based electricity. Sugarcane systems achieve double the GHG emissions reductions per unit of harvested land relative to corn ethanol because sugarcane and corn are grown as perennial and annual crops in tropical and temperate climatic zones, respectively. Carbon dioxide capture and storage systems could offer additional GHG emission reductions for both corn and sugarcane ethanol systems. copyright 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Chum, Helena L AU - Warner, Ethan AU - Seabra, Joaquim EA AU - Macedo, Isaias C AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2014/03// PY - 2014 DA - Mar 2014 SP - 205 EP - 223 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - sugarcane KW - corn KW - ethanol KW - trade KW - life cycle assessment KW - greenhouse gas KW - Data processing KW - Fossil fuels KW - Fuels KW - Life cycle KW - Refining KW - Electricity KW - Biomass KW - Crops KW - Combustion KW - Greenhouses KW - Carbon KW - Heat KW - Fossils KW - Energy KW - Power plants KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Harvesting KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1559668544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+commercial+ethanol+production+systems+from+Brazilian+sugarcane+and+US+corn&rft.au=Chum%2C+Helena+L%3BWarner%2C+Ethan%3BSeabra%2C+Joaquim+EA%3BMacedo%2C+Isaias+C&rft.aulast=Chum&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1448 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Fossil fuels; Fuels; Life cycle; Refining; Electricity; Biomass; Crops; Greenhouses; Combustion; Carbon; Fossils; Heat; Energy; Power plants; Carbon dioxide; Biofuels; Harvesting; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1448 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding the evolution of environmental and energy performance of the US corn ethanol industry: evaluation of selected metrics AN - 1559654540; 19432475 AB - Throughout the past two decades, numerous studies characterized the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and net energy balance of corn ethanol production in the USA. A wide range of reported values resulted from differences in the vintage of the data used to evaluate the ethanol conversion technology and the agricultural practices of corn production, which evolved substantially during the rapid growth phase of the industry. Methodological differences in life cycle assessments also caused the reported values to vary widely. With corn dry mills growing from 30% of total installed ethanol production capacity in 1990 to 80-90% from 2006 to 2011, we document the evolution of this industry using vintage-specific data to analyze selected energy and environmental metrics, including GHG emissions, fossil energy use, direct land use, and GHG emissions reduction per hectare of land harvested for ethanol production. Our estimates indicate that production and use of corn ethanol emitted 44% fewer GHG emissions, consumed 54% less fossil energy and required 44% less land in 2010 compared to 1990 (on a life cycle basis). Our review and analysis point to strategies for reducing the carbon footprint of the corn dry mill industry by building on the progress already achieved. Using biomass (e.g. residues from corn production) for process heat or combined heat and power is one such strategy. Additional environmental benefits are projected from the adoption of integrated gasification combined cycle technology (using corn residues), which leads to energy-self-sufficient mills or net electricity producers depending on the power system configuration. copyright 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Chum, Helena L AU - Zhang, Yimin AU - Hill, Jason AU - Tiffany, Douglas G AU - Morey, RVance AU - Goss Eng, Alison AU - Haq, Zia AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA. Y1 - 2014/03// PY - 2014 DA - Mar 2014 SP - 224 EP - 240 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1932-104X, 1932-104X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - life cycle assessment KW - sustainability indicators KW - metrics KW - corn KW - ethanol KW - energy efficiency KW - Data processing KW - Life cycle KW - Refining KW - Electricity KW - Biomass KW - Land use KW - Greenhouses KW - Agricultural practices KW - Carbon KW - Energy balance KW - Heat KW - Fossils KW - Reviews KW - Biofuels KW - Evolution KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1559654540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+evolution+of+environmental+and+energy+performance+of+the+US+corn+ethanol+industry%3A+evaluation+of+selected+metrics&rft.au=Chum%2C+Helena+L%3BZhang%2C+Yimin%3BHill%2C+Jason%3BTiffany%2C+Douglas+G%3BMorey%2C+RVance%3BGoss+Eng%2C+Alison%3BHaq%2C+Zia&rft.aulast=Chum&rft.aufirst=Helena&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=1932104X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.1449 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Life cycle; Refining; Electricity; Biomass; Land use; Greenhouses; Agricultural practices; Carbon; Energy balance; Fossils; Heat; Reviews; Evolution; Biofuels; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1449 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Metrics Development for Evaluating the Accuracy of Solar Power Forecasting T2 - 94th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2014) AN - 1518615322; 6283096 JF - 94th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2014) AU - Zhang, Jie Y1 - 2014/02/02/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Feb 02 KW - Prediction KW - Solar energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1518615322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=94th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2014%29&rft.atitle=Metrics+Development+for+Evaluating+the+Accuracy+of+Solar+Power+Forecasting&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jie&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jie&rft.date=2014-02-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=94th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/94Annual/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-04-23 N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-24 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Advancements in Wind Integration Study Input Data Modeling: The Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit T2 - 94th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2014) AN - 1518614752; 6281663 JF - 94th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2014) AU - Orwig, Kirsten Y1 - 2014/02/02/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Feb 02 KW - Integration KW - Data processing KW - Wind data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1518614752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=94th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2014%29&rft.atitle=Advancements+in+Wind+Integration+Study+Input+Data+Modeling%3A+The+Wind+Integration+National+Dataset+%28WIND%29+Toolkit&rft.au=Orwig%2C+Kirsten&rft.aulast=Orwig&rft.aufirst=Kirsten&rft.date=2014-02-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=94th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/94Annual/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-04-23 N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-24 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Improving the Accuracy Satellite Based Solar Resource for use in NREL's National Solar Radiation Database T2 - 94th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2014) AN - 1518613411; 6281779 JF - 94th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2014) AU - Sengupta, Manajit AU - Gotseff, P AU - Habte, A AU - Molling, C AU - Heidinger, A Y1 - 2014/02/02/ PY - 2014 DA - 2014 Feb 02 KW - Databases KW - Remote sensing KW - Solar radiation KW - Satellites UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1518613411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=94th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2014%29&rft.atitle=Improving+the+Accuracy+Satellite+Based+Solar+Resource+for+use+in+NREL%27s+National+Solar+Radiation+Database&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Manajit%3BGotseff%2C+P%3BHabte%2C+A%3BMolling%2C+C%3BHeidinger%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Manajit&rft.date=2014-02-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=94th+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2014%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/94Annual/webprogram/meeting.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-04-23 N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real-time monitoring of the deactivation of HZSM-5 during upgrading of pine pyrolysis vapors AN - 1534827546; 19354154 AB - The conversion of pine pyrolysis vapors over fixed beds of HZSM-5 catalyst was studied as a function of deactivation of the catalyst, presumably by coking. Small laboratory reactors were used in this study in which the products were identified using a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). In all of these experiments, real-time measurements of the products formed were conducted as the catalyst aged and deactivated during upgrading. The results from these experiments showed the following: (1) Fresh catalyst produces primarily aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins with no detectable oxygen-containing species. (2) After pyrolysis of roughly the same weight of biomass as weight of catalyst, oxygenated products begin to appear in the product stream. This suite of oxygen containing products appears different from the products formed when the catalyst is fresh and when the catalyst is completely deactivated. In particular, phenol and cresols are measured while upgrading pine, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis vapors, suggesting that these products are intermediates or side products formed during upgrading. (3) After the addition of more pyrolysis vapors, the product stream consists of primary vapors from pine pyrolysis. Catalyst samples collected at various points during deactivation were analyzed using a variety of tools. The results show that carbon build-up is correlated with catalyst deactivation, suggesting that deactivation is due to coking. Further, studies of nitrogen adsorption on the used catalyst suggest that coking initially occurs on the outside of the catalyst, leaving the micropores largely intact. From a practical point of view, it appears that based upon this study and others in the literature, the amount of oxygen in the upgraded products can be related to the level of deactivation of the HZSM-5 catalyst, which can be determined by how much pyrolysis vapor is run over the catalyst. JF - Green Chemistry AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - Zhang, Xiaodong AU - Stanton, Alexander R AU - Robichaud, David J AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Malhotra, Kara AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Gjersing, Erica AU - Evans, Robert J AU - Heroux, David S AU - Richards, Ryan AU - Iisa, Kristiina AU - Nimlos, Mark R AD - National Bioenergy Center; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401-3393; USA; +1-303-384-7724; , calvin.mukarakate@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/02// PY - 2014 DA - February 2014 SP - 1444 EP - 1461 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 1463-9262, 1463-9262 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Cellulose KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Coke KW - Biomass KW - Phenols KW - Pyrolysis KW - Oxygen KW - Vapors KW - Gas chromatography KW - Green development KW - Adsorption KW - Aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Catalysts KW - Nitrogen KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1534827546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Green+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Real-time+monitoring+of+the+deactivation+of+HZSM-5+during+upgrading+of+pine+pyrolysis+vapors&rft.au=Mukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BZhang%2C+Xiaodong%3BStanton%2C+Alexander+R%3BRobichaud%2C+David+J%3BCiesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BMalhotra%2C+Kara%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BGjersing%2C+Erica%3BEvans%2C+Robert+J%3BHeroux%2C+David+S%3BRichards%2C+Ryan%3BIisa%2C+Kristiina%3BNimlos%2C+Mark+R&rft.aulast=Mukarakate&rft.aufirst=Calvin&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Green+Chemistry&rft.issn=14639262&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc3gc42065e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-06-01 N1 - Number of references - 69 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cellulose; Coke; Mass spectrometry; Biomass; Phenols; Pyrolysis; Oxygen; Vapors; Gas chromatography; Green development; Adsorption; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Catalysts; Nitrogen DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3gc42065e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Saturated monoglyceride effects on low-temperature performance of biodiesel blends AN - 1534818133; 19900795 AB - The effect of saturated monoglyceride (SMG) content of four B100s on the cloud point (CP) of blends with four diesel fuels was examined. Detecting CP with a more sensitive light-scattering method allowed observation of an early (higher temperature) CP in blends containing approximately 0.01 wt.% to 0.03 wt.% SMG. Blend samples with SMG content in this range may be particularly prone to unexpected filter clogging above the measured CP. Results for a 140 blend sample matrix revealed that SMG content had a larger effect on CP than other blend properties. An increase of 0.01 wt.% SMG in a biodiesel blend increased CP by as much as 4 [degrees]C. At a constant SMG level, increasing biodiesel content lowered CP, as did increasing the diesel fuel aromatic content, by improving the solubility of SMG. This implies that lowering the SMG content of a B100 allows preparation of higher biodiesel content blends having the same or lower CP. Increasing the unsaturated monoglyceride-to-SMG ratio by blending in monoolein lowered CP, presumably because monoolein inhibits nucleation of SMG. In most blends with SMG content above 0.01 wt.%, polymorphic phase transformation of crystallized SMG (converting from the metastable [alpha]-form to the less soluble, stable [beta]-form) was observed. JF - Fuel Processing Technology AU - Chupka, G M AU - Fouts, L AU - Lennon, J A AU - Alleman, T L AU - Daniels, D A AU - McCormick, R L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway/MS 1634, Golden, CO 80401, USA, gina.chupka@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/02// PY - 2014 DA - Feb 2014 SP - 302 EP - 309 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 118 SN - 0378-3820, 0378-3820 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Biodiesel blends KW - Low-temperature KW - Cloud point KW - Saturated monoglyceride KW - Filters KW - Fuels KW - Temperature KW - Diesel engines KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1534818133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.atitle=Saturated+monoglyceride+effects+on+low-temperature+performance+of+biodiesel+blends&rft.au=Chupka%2C+G+M%3BFouts%2C+L%3BLennon%2C+J+A%3BAlleman%2C+T+L%3BDaniels%2C+D+A%3BMcCormick%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Chupka&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.issn=03783820&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fuproc.2013.10.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Fuels; Temperature; Diesel engines; Biofuels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.10.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Results of Reservoir Modeling of the Operation and Production of a Recompleted Gas Well in a Geopressured/Geothermal Reservoir in the Wilcox Formation, Texas, for Electricity Generation AN - 1680452087; PQ0001522888 AB - Geopressured/geothermal reservoirs are found throughout the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast region, generally starting at depths below 8,000 ft, and are characterized by high-temperature/high-pressure, brine-saturated layers of interbedded shales and sandstones with correspondingly large quantities of dissolved natural gas. Reservoir modeling is a tool that can help predict fluid-flow rate and natural gas production from complex reservoirs over a long-term time frame. Multiphase-flow reservoir modeling is used in this study to provide insight on the viability of recovering hot geothermal brine for electricity production over a time frame of 30 years by use of an existing natural-gas well. Overall, the multiphase reservoir modeling results indicate that for the reservoir considered, the well can be operated so that production of hot geothermal brine can be maintained over the lifetime of a binary power plant close to the target flow rates and that the quantities of natural gas produced would be significant for the overall power-plant-project economics. JF - SPE Journal AU - Esposito, Ariel AU - Augustine, Chad AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2014///0, PY - 2014 DA - 0, 2014 PB - Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc., Box 833836 Richardson TX 75083-3836 United States VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 1086-055X, 1086-055X KW - Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Reservoir KW - ASW, USA, Louisiana KW - Sandstone KW - ASW, USA, Gulf Coast KW - Electricity KW - Natural gas KW - Flow rates KW - ASW, USA, Texas KW - Coastal zone KW - Electric power generation KW - Economics KW - Power plants KW - Reservoirs KW - Brines KW - Modelling KW - Q2 09268:Heat flow KW - O 2010:Physical Oceanography KW - ENA 12:Oceans & Estuaries UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1680452087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SPE+Journal&rft.atitle=Results+of+Reservoir+Modeling+of+the+Operation+and+Production+of+a+Recompleted+Gas+Well+in+a+Geopressured%2FGeothermal+Reservoir+in+the+Wilcox+Formation%2C+Texas%2C+for+Electricity+Generation&rft.au=Esposito%2C+Ariel%3BAugustine%2C+Chad&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SPE+Journal&rft.issn=1086055X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2118%2F169902-PA LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reservoir; Power plants; Electricity; Natural gas; Modelling; Brines; Coastal zone; Sandstone; Electric power generation; Economics; Reservoirs; Flow rates; ASW, USA, Texas; ASW, USA, Louisiana; ASW, USA, Gulf Coast DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/169902-PA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On characterization and measurement of average solar field mirror reflectance in utility-scale concentrating solar power plants AN - 1678002505; 19979004 AB - Due to the emerging need for the development of acceptance test codes for commercial concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, an effort is made here to develop a mirror reflectance model suitable for CSP applications as well as a general procedure to measure the average mirror reflectance of a solar field. Typically, a utility-scale solar field includes hundreds of thousands of mirror panels (if not more), and their reflectance is subject to many factors, such as weather and planned washing schedule. The newly developed mirror reflectance model can be used to characterize different types of mirror materials and can be directly used to perform optical performance evaluation of solar collectors. The newly proposed procedure for average solar field reflectance measurements includes a baseline comprehensive measurement and an individual factor measurement: the former allows a comprehensive survey of mirror reflectance across the whole solar field, and the latter can provide correcting factors for selected individual factors to further improve the accuracy of the baseline measurements. A detailed test case implementing the general procedure is applied to a state-of-the-art commercial parabolic trough plant and validates the proposed mirror reflectance model and average reflectance measurement procedure. In the test case, the plant-wide reflectance measurements at a commercial utility-scale solar plant were conducted and can shed light on relevant analysis of CSP applications. The work can also be naturally applied to other types of solar plants, such as power towers and linear Fresnel plants. JF - Solar Energy AU - Zhu, Guangdong AU - Kearney, David AU - Mehos, Mark AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States guangdong.zhu@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014/01// PY - 2014 DA - Jan 2014 SP - 185 EP - 202 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 99 SN - 0038-092X, 0038-092X KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Specular reflectance KW - Concentrating solar power KW - Parabolic trough KW - Measurement uncertainties KW - Reflectance KW - Mathematical models KW - Reflectivity KW - Solar power generation KW - Electric power generation KW - Power plants KW - State of the art KW - Panels UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1678002505?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy&rft.atitle=On+characterization+and+measurement+of+average+solar+field+mirror+reflectance+in+utility-scale+concentrating+solar+power+plants&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Guangdong%3BKearney%2C+David%3BMehos%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Guangdong&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy&rft.issn=0038092X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solener.2013.11.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.11.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Estimate of the Near-Term Electricity-Generation Potential of Coproduced Water From Active Oil and Gas Wells AN - 1673388135; PQ0001377106 AB - This study estimates the near-term market electricity-generation potentialof water produced as a byproduct from active oil and gas operations. Ageographic information system (GIS) was developed to combine oil- and gas-welllocation, depth, and water-production information from 2.5 million wells (halfa million of which were identified as active, producing wells) withgeothermal-resource maps and to estimate the power-generation potential of thecoproduction resource. The study found that the near-term market potential forthe coproduction resource from active oil and gas wells is approximately 300 MWof electrical output (MW sub(e)), which is less than suggested in previousstudies. JF - SPE Journal AU - Augustine, Chad AU - Falkenstern, David M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2014///0, PY - 2014 DA - 0, 2014 PB - Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc., Box 833836 Richardson TX 75083-3836 United States VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 1086-055X, 1086-055X KW - Environment Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Oil and gas operations KW - Potential resources KW - Oil and gas industry KW - Byproducts KW - Water wells KW - Geographic information systems KW - Resource development KW - Information systems KW - Q2 09103:Information services KW - O 6030:Oil and Gas Resources KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1673388135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SPE+Journal&rft.atitle=An+Estimate+of+the+Near-Term+Electricity-Generation+Potential+of+Coproduced+Water+From+Active+Oil+and+Gas+Wells&rft.au=Augustine%2C+Chad%3BFalkenstern%2C+David+M&rft.aulast=Augustine&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=SPE+Journal&rft.issn=1086055X&rft_id=info:doi/10.2118%2F163142-PA LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Potential resources; Oil and gas industry; Byproducts; Resource development; Information systems; Oil and gas operations; Water wells; Geographic information systems DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/163142-PA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High temperature pre-digestion of corn stover biomass for improved product yields AN - 1642618690; 21181109 AB - Introduction: The efficient conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks remains a key step in the commercialization of biofuels. One of the barriers to cost-effective conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to sugars remains the enzymatic saccharification process step. Here, we describe a novel hybrid processing approach comprising enzymatic pre-digestion with newly characterized hyperthermophilic enzyme cocktails followed by conventional saccharification with commercial enzyme preparations. Dilute acid pretreated corn stover was subjected to this new procedure to test its efficacy. Thermal tolerant enzymes from Acidothermus cellulolyticus and Caldicellulosiruptor bescii were used to pre-digest pretreated biomass at elevated temperatures prior to saccharification by the commercial cellulase formulation. Results: We report that pre-digestion of biomass with these enzymes at elevated temperatures prior to addition of the commercial cellulase formulation increased conversion rates and yields when compared to commercial cellulase formulation alone under low solids conditions. Conclusion: Our results demonstrating improvements in rates and yields of conversion point the way forward for hybrid biomass conversion schemes utilizing catalytic amounts of hyperthermophilic enzymes. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Hobdey, Sarah E AU - Taylor, Larry E AU - Tao, Ling AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Decker, Stephen R AD - Chemical Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013, Denver, West Parkway, Golden 80401, CO, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 170 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biomass KW - Pretreatment KW - Enzymatic hydrolysis KW - CelA KW - E1 KW - Caldicellulosiruptor bescii KW - Acidothermus cellulolyticus KW - Thermotoga maritima KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Hybrids KW - Enzymes KW - Caldicellulosiruptor KW - Cellulase KW - Biofuels KW - Temperature tolerance KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1642618690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=High+temperature+pre-digestion+of+corn+stover+biomass+for+improved+product+yields&rft.au=Brunecky%2C+Roman%3BHobdey%2C+Sarah+E%3BTaylor%2C+Larry+E%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R&rft.aulast=Brunecky&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs13068-014-0170-2 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/170 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Sugar; Hybrids; Enzymes; Biomass; Biofuels; Cellulase; Temperature tolerance; Caldicellulosiruptor DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13068-014-0170-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Engineering towards a complete heterologous cellulase secretome in Yarrowia lipolytica reveals its potential for consolidated bioprocessing AN - 1622615112; 20869813 AB - Background: Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous yeast capable of metabolizing glucose to lipids, which then accumulate intracellularly. However, it lacks the suite of cellulolytic enzymes required to break down biomass cellulose and cannot therefore utilize biomass directly as a carbon source. Toward the development of a direct microbial conversion platform for the production of hydrocarbon fuels from cellulosic biomass, the potential for Y. lipolytica to function as a consolidated bioprocessing strain was investigated by first conducting a genomic search and functional testing of its endogenous glycoside hydrolases. Once the range of endogenous enzymes was determined, the critical cellulases from Trichoderma reesei were cloned into Yarrowia. Results: Initially, work to express T. reesei endoglucanase II (EGII) and cellobiohydrolase (CBH) II in Y. lipolytica resulted in the successful secretion of active enzymes. However, a critical cellulase, T. reesei CBHI, while successfully expressed in and secreted from Yarrowia, showed less than expected enzymatic activity, suggesting an incompatibility (probably at the post-translational level) for its expression in Yarrowia. This result prompted us to evaluate alternative or modified CBHI enzymes. Our subsequent expression of a T. reesei-Talaromyces emersonii (Tr-Te) chimeric CBHI, Chaetomium thermophilum CBHI, and Humicola grisea CBHI demonstrated remarkably improved enzymatic activities. Specifically, the purified chimeric Tr-Te CBHI showed a specific activity on Avicel that is comparable to that of the native T. reesei CBHI. Furthermore, the chimeric Tr-Te CBHI also showed significant synergism with EGII and CBHII in degrading cellulosic substrates, using either mixed supernatants or co-cultures of the corresponding Y. lipolytica transformants. The consortia system approach also allows rational volume mixing of the transformant cultures in accordance with the optimal ratio of cellulases required for efficient degradation of cellulosic substrates. Conclusions: Taken together, this work demonstrates the first case of successful expression of a chimeric CBHI with essentially full native activity in Y. lipolytica, and supports the notion that Y. lipolytica strains can be genetically engineered, ultimately by heterologous expression of fungal cellulases and other enzymes, to directly convert lignocellulosic substrates to biofuels. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Wei, Hui AU - Wang, Wei AU - Alahuhta, Markus AU - Vander Wall, Todd AU - Baker, John O AU - Taylor, Larry E AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Zhang, Min AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden 80401, CO, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 148 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Yarrowia lipolytica KW - Oleaginous yeast KW - Heterologous expression KW - Cellulase KW - Cellobiohydrolase I KW - Cellobiohydrolase II KW - Endoglucanase II KW - Cell consortia KW - Advanced biofuels KW - Cellulolytic enzymes KW - Endoglucanase KW - Biodegradation KW - Secretion KW - Cellulose KW - Chaetomium KW - Glucose KW - Cell culture KW - Carbon sources KW - secretome KW - glycoside hydrolase KW - Hypocrea jecorina KW - Yarrowia KW - genomics KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Humicola grisea KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Biomass KW - cellobiohydrolase KW - Post-translation KW - Genetic engineering KW - Biofuels KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1622615112?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Engineering+towards+a+complete+heterologous+cellulase+secretome+in+Yarrowia+lipolytica+reveals+its+potential+for+consolidated+bioprocessing&rft.au=Wei%2C+Hui%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BAlahuhta%2C+Markus%3BVander+Wall%2C+Todd%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BTaylor%2C+Larry+E%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Hui&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=148&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs13068-014-0148-0 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/148 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endoglucanase; Cellulolytic enzymes; Biodegradation; Hydrocarbons; Secretion; Cellulose; Glucose; Cell culture; Carbon sources; Biomass; cellobiohydrolase; Cellulase; Post-translation; secretome; Genetic engineering; glycoside hydrolase; Enzymatic activity; genomics; Biofuels; Humicola grisea; Chaetomium; Hypocrea jecorina; Yarrowia; Yarrowia lipolytica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13068-014-0148-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insights into acetate toxicity in Zymomonas mobilis 8b using different substrates AN - 1611613996; 20810969 AB - Background: Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable feedstock for biofuel production. Acetate is one of the major inhibitors liberated from hemicelluloses during hydrolysis. An understanding of the toxic effects of acetate on the fermentation microorganism and the efficient utilization of mixed sugars of glucose and xylose in the presence of hydrolysate inhibitors is crucial for economic biofuel production. Results: A new microarray was designed including both coding sequences and intergenic regions to investigate the acetate stress responses of Zymomonas mobilis 8b when using single carbon sources of glucose or xylose, or mixed sugars of both glucose and xylose. With the supplementation of exogenous acetate, 8b can utilize all the glucose with a similar ethanol yield, although the growth, final biomass, and ethanol production rate were reduced. However, xylose utilization was inhibited in both media containing xylose or a mixed sugar of glucose and xylose, although the performance of 8b was better in mixed sugar than xylose-only media. The presence of acetate caused genes related to biosynthesis, the flagellar system, and glycolysis to be downregulated, and genes related to stress responses and energy metabolism to be upregulated. Unexpectedly, xylose seems to pose more stress on 8b, recruiting more genes for xylose utilization, than does acetate. Several gene candidates based on transcriptome results were selected for genetic manipulation, and a TonB-dependent receptor knockout mutant was confirmed to have a slight advantage regarding acetate tolerance. Conclusions: Our results indicate Z. mobilis utilized a different mechanism for xylose utilization, with an even more severe impact on Z. mobilis than that caused by acetate treatment. Our study also suggests redox imbalance caused by stressful conditions may trigger a metabolic reaction leading to the accumulation of toxic intermediates such as xylitol, but Z. mobilis manages its carbon and energy metabolism through the control of individual reactions to mitigate the stressful conditions. We have thus provided extensive transcriptomic datasets and gained insights into the molecular responses of Z. mobilis to the inhibitor acetate when grown in different sugar sources, which will facilitate future metabolic modeling studies and strain improvement efforts for better xylose utilization and acetate tolerance. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Yang, Shihui AU - Franden, Mary Ann AU - Brown, Steven D AU - Chou, Yat-Chen AU - Pienkos, Philip T AU - Zhang, Min AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden 80401, CO, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 140 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Xylose KW - Fermentation KW - Xylitol KW - Glucose KW - Drug tolerance KW - Carbon sources KW - DNA microarrays KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Supplementation KW - Gene expression KW - Economics KW - Hydrolysates KW - Ethanol KW - Sugar KW - Energy metabolism KW - Stress KW - Toxicity KW - Biomass KW - Acetic acid KW - Hydrolysis KW - hemicellulose KW - Energy KW - Microorganisms KW - Glycolysis KW - Biotechnology KW - Metabolism KW - Biofuels KW - Flagella KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1611613996?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Insights+into+acetate+toxicity+in+Zymomonas+mobilis+8b+using+different+substrates&rft.au=Yang%2C+Shihui%3BFranden%2C+Mary+Ann%3BBrown%2C+Steven+D%3BChou%2C+Yat-Chen%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Shihui&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs13068-014-0140-8 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/140 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Xylose; Energy metabolism; Fermentation; Xylitol; Glucose; Stress; Drug tolerance; Carbon sources; Toxicity; Biomass; Hydrolysis; DNA microarrays; Acetic acid; Supplementation; hemicellulose; Gene expression; Economics; Microorganisms; Glycolysis; Hydrolysates; Biofuels; Flagella; Ethanol; Fuel technology; Energy; Metabolism; Biotechnology; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13068-014-0140-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid detection of defects in fuel-cell electrodes using infrared reactive-flow-through technique AN - 1560107086; 20433146 AB - As fuel cells become more prominent, new manufacturing and production methods will need to be developed to deal efficiently and effectively with increased demand. One necessary component of this industrial growth is the accurate measurement of the variability in the manufacturing process. In this study, we present a diagnostic system that combines infrared thermography with a reactive-flow-through technique to detect catalyst-loading defects in fuel-cell gas-diffusion electrodes accurately with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Experimental results are compared with model predictions of thermal response with good agreement. Data analysis, operating-condition impacts, and detection limits are explored using both experiments and simulation. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of this technique to measure defects on the millimeter length scale with temporal resolutions appropriate for use on a web-line. Thus we present the first development stage of a next-generation non-destructive diagnostic tool, which may be amenable to eventual use on roll-to-roll manufacturing lines. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Das, Prodip K AU - Weber, Adam Z AU - Bender, Guido AU - Manak, Austin AU - Bittinat, Daniel AU - Herring, Andrew M AU - Ulsh, Michael AD - Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, michael.ulsh@nrel.gov Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 401 EP - 411 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 261 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Catalyst layer KW - Defect detection KW - Infrared thermography KW - Fuel cells KW - Manufacturing KW - Prediction KW - Fuel technology KW - Manufacturing industry KW - Electrodes KW - Simulation KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1560107086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Rapid+detection+of+defects+in+fuel-cell+electrodes+using+infrared+reactive-flow-through+technique&rft.au=Das%2C+Prodip+K%3BWeber%2C+Adam+Z%3BBender%2C+Guido%3BManak%2C+Austin%3BBittinat%2C+Daniel%3BHerring%2C+Andrew+M%3BUlsh%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Prodip&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2013.11.124 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Manufacturing industry; Fuel technology; Electrodes; Simulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.11.124 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A highly efficient dilute alkali deacetylation and mechanical (disc) refining process for the conversion of renewable biomass to lower cost sugars AN - 1554947553; 20450718 AB - Background: The deconstruction of renewable biomass feedstocks into soluble sugars at low cost is a critical component of the biochemical conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals. Providing low cost high concentration sugar syrups with low levels of chemicals and toxic inhibitors, at high process yields is essential for biochemical platform processes using pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. In this work, we utilize a process consisting of deacetylation, followed by mechanical refining in a disc refiner (DDR) for the conversion of renewable biomass to low cost sugars at high yields and at high concentrations without a conventional chemical pretreatment step. The new process features a low temperature dilute alkaline deacetylation step followed by disc refining under modest levels of energy consumption. Results: The proposed process was demonstrated using a commercial scale Andritz double disc refiner. Disc refined and deacetylated corn stover result in monomeric glucose yields of 78 to 84% and monomeric xylose yields of 71 to 77% after enzymatic hydrolysis at process-relevant solids and enzyme loadings. The glucose and xylose yields of the disc refined substrates in enzymatic hydrolysis are enhanced by 13% and 19%, respectively. Fermentation of the DDR substrates at 20% total solids with Z.mobilis utilized almost all sugars in 20hrs indicating the sugar hydrolyzate produced from the DDR process is highly fermentable due to low levels of chemical contaminants. The ethanol titer and ethanol process yield are approximately 70 g/L and 90% respectively. Conclusions: The proposed new process has been demonstrated using pilot scale deacetylation and disc refiners. The deacetylated and disc refined corn stover was rapidly deconstructed to monomeric sugars at 20% wt solids with enzymatic hydrolysis. High process sugar conversions were achieved, with high concentrations of monomeric sugars that exceeded 150 g/L. The sugar syrups produced were found to have low concentrations of known major fermentation inhibitors: acetic acid, furfural and HMF. The low levels of these fermentation inhibitors lead to high fermentation yields. The results suggest that this process is a very promising development for the nascent cellulosic biofuels industry. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Pschorn, Thomas AU - Sabourin, Marc AU - Tao, Ling AU - Elander, Rick AU - Park, Sunkyu AU - Jennings, Ed AU - Nelson, Robert AU - Trass, Olev AU - Flanegan, Keith AU - Wang, Wei AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Johnson, David AU - Tucker, Melvin P AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden CO 80127, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 98 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biofuels KW - Pretreatment KW - Enzymatic hydrolysis KW - Deacetylation KW - Mechanical refining KW - Disc refining KW - No acid pretreatment KW - PFI milling KW - Clean sugar production KW - Chemicals KW - Fuel technology KW - Xylose KW - Biochemistry KW - Fermentation KW - Fuels KW - Glucose KW - Low temperature KW - Corn KW - Alkalis KW - Ethanol KW - Furfural KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Enzymes KW - Energy consumption KW - Biomass KW - Acetic acid KW - Hydrolysis KW - Syrups KW - Contaminants KW - Biotechnology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1554947553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=A+highly+efficient+dilute+alkali+deacetylation+and+mechanical+%28disc%29+refining+process+for+the+conversion+of+renewable+biomass+to+lower+cost+sugars&rft.au=Chen%2C+Xiaowen%3BShekiro%2C+Joseph%3BPschorn%2C+Thomas%3BSabourin%2C+Marc%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BElander%2C+Rick%3BPark%2C+Sunkyu%3BJennings%2C+Ed%3BNelson%2C+Robert%3BTrass%2C+Olev%3BFlanegan%2C+Keith%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BJohnson%2C+David%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Xiaowen&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=98&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-7-98 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/98 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 43 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Sugar; Xylose; Fermentation; Fuels; Glucose; Enzymes; Deacetylation; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Acetic acid; Syrups; Alkalis; Contaminants; Biofuels; Furfural; Ethanol; Chemicals; Fuel technology; Biochemistry; Energy consumption; Low temperature; Corn; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-98 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of mechanical disruption on the effectiveness of three reactors used for dilute acid pretreatment of corn stover Part 2: morphological and structural substrate analysis AN - 1529934913; 19824982 AB - Background: Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable, naturally mass-produced form of stored solar energy. Thermochemical pretreatment processes have been developed to address the challenge of biomass recalcitrance, however the optimization, cost reduction, and scalability of these processes remain as obstacles to the adoption of biofuel production processes at the industrial scale. In this study, we demonstrate that the type of reactor in which pretreatment is carried out can profoundly alter the micro- and nanostructure of the pretreated materials and dramatically affect the subsequent efficiency, and thus cost, of enzymatic conversion of cellulose. Results: Multi-scale microscopy and quantitative image analysis was used to investigate the impact of different biomass pretreatment reactor configurations on plant cell wall structure. We identify correlations between enzymatic digestibility and geometric descriptors derived from the image data. Corn stover feedstock was pretreated under the same nominal conditions for dilute acid pretreatment (2.0 wt% H sub(2)SO sub(4), 160 degree C, 5 min) using three representative types of reactors: ZipperClave registered (ZC), steam gun (SG), and horizontal screw (HS) reactors. After 96 h of enzymatic digestion, biomass treated in the SG and HS reactors achieved much higher cellulose conversions, 88% and 95%, respectively, compared to the conversion obtained using the ZC reactor (68%). Imaging at the micro- and nanoscales revealed that the superior performance of the SG and HS reactors could be explained by reduced particle size, cellular dislocation, increased surface roughness, delamination, and nanofibrillation generated within the biomass particles during pretreatment. Conclusions: Increased cellular dislocation, surface roughness, delamination, and nanofibrillation revealed by direct observation of the micro- and nanoscale change in accessibility explains the superior performance of reactors that augment pretreatment with physical energy. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Wang, Wei AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Johnson, David K AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 47 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Biomass conversion KW - Dilute acid pretreatment KW - Severity factor KW - Quantitative image analysis KW - Delamination KW - Nanofibrillation KW - Particle size KW - Data processing KW - Cellulose KW - Steam KW - Image processing KW - Adoption KW - Biomass KW - imaging KW - Plant cells KW - Dislocation KW - Energy KW - Digestibility KW - Microscopy KW - Biofuels KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1529934913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Effect+of+mechanical+disruption+on+the+effectiveness+of+three+reactors+used+for+dilute+acid+pretreatment+of+corn+stover+Part+2%3A+morphological+and+structural+substrate+analysis&rft.au=Ciesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BChen%2C+Xiaowen%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BJohnson%2C+David+K%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S&rft.aulast=Ciesielski&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-7-47 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/47 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 20 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Data processing; Cellulose; Steam; Image processing; Adoption; Biomass; imaging; Dislocation; Plant cells; Energy; Microscopy; Digestibility; Biofuels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-47 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of mechanical disruption on the effectiveness of three reactors used for dilute acid pretreatment of corn stover Part 1: chemical and physical substrate analysis AN - 1524413025; 19773423 AB - Background: There is considerable interest in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to liquid fuels to provide substitutes for fossil fuels. Pretreatments, conducted to reduce biomass recalcitrance, usually remove at least some of the hemicellulose and/or lignin in cell walls. The hypothesis that led to this research was that reactor type could have a profound effect on the properties of pretreated materials and impact subsequent cellulose hydrolysis. Results: Corn stover was dilute-acid pretreated using commercially relevant reactor types (ZipperClave super( registered ) (ZC), Steam Gun (SG) and Horizontal Screw (HS)) under the same nominal conditions. Samples produced in the SG and HS achieved much higher cellulose digestibilities (88% and 95%, respectively), compared to the ZC sample (68%). Characterization, by chemical, physical, spectroscopic and electron microscopy methods, was used to gain an understanding of the effects causing the digestibility differences. Chemical differences were small; however, particle size differences appeared significant. Sum-frequency generation vibrational spectra indicated larger inter-fibrillar spacing or randomization of cellulose microfibrils in the HS sample. Simons' staining indicated increased cellulose accessibility for the SG and HS samples. Electron microscopy showed that the SG and HS samples were more porous and fibrillated because of mechanical grinding and explosive depressurization occurring with these two reactors. These structural changes most likely permitted increased cellulose accessibility to enzymes, enhancing saccharification. Conclusions: Dilute-acid pretreatment of corn stover using three different reactors under the same nominal conditions gave samples with very different digestibilities, although chemical differences in the pretreated substrates were small. The results of the physical and chemical analyses of the samples indicate that the explosive depressurization and mechanical grinding with these reactors increased enzyme accessibility. Pretreatment reactors using physical force to disrupt cell walls increase the effectiveness of the pretreatment process. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Wang, Wei AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Katahira, Rui AU - Kuhn, Erik M AU - Kafle, Kabindra AU - Lee, Christopher M AU - Park, Sunkyu AU - Kim, Seong H AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Johnson, David K AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 57 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Reactor KW - dilute acid pretreatment KW - biomass KW - cellulose properties KW - substrate accessibility KW - digestibility KW - Particle size KW - Fossil fuels KW - Fuels KW - Cellulose KW - Microfibrils KW - Steam KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - hemicellulose KW - Digestibility KW - Lignin KW - Explosives KW - Biofuels KW - Electron microscopy KW - Cell walls KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1524413025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Effect+of+mechanical+disruption+on+the+effectiveness+of+three+reactors+used+for+dilute+acid+pretreatment+of+corn+stover+Part+1%3A+chemical+and+physical+substrate+analysis&rft.au=Wang%2C+Wei%3BChen%2C+Xiaowen%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BCiesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BKatahira%2C+Rui%3BKuhn%2C+Erik+M%3BKafle%2C+Kabindra%3BLee%2C+Christopher+M%3BPark%2C+Sunkyu%3BKim%2C+Seong+H%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BJohnson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-7-57 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/57 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Fossil fuels; Fuels; Cellulose; Steam; Microfibrils; Enzymes; Biomass; Hydrolysis; hemicellulose; Lignin; Digestibility; Explosives; Electron microscopy; Biofuels; Cell walls DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-57 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of pilot-scale dilute acid pretreatment performance using deacetylated corn stover AN - 1512336720; 19388494 AB - Background: Dilute acid pretreatment is a promising process technology for the deconstruction of low-lignin lignocellulosic biomass, capable of producing high yields of hemicellulosic sugars and enhancing enzymatic yields of glucose as part of a biomass-to-biofuels process. However, while it has been extensively studied, most work has historically been conducted at relatively high acid concentrations of 1 - 4% (weight/weight). Reducing the effective acid loading in pretreatment has the potential to reduce chemical costs both for pretreatment and subsequent neutralization. Additionally, if acid loadings are sufficiently low, capital requirements associated with reactor construction may be significantly reduced due to the relaxation of requirements for exotic alloys. Despite these benefits, past efforts have had difficulty obtaining high process yields at low acid loadings without supplementation of additional unit operations, such as mechanical refining. Results: Recently, we optimized the dilute acid pretreatment of deacetylated corn stover at low acid loadings in a 1-ton per day horizontal pretreatment reactor. This effort included more than 25 pilot-scale pretreatment experiments executed at reactor temperatures ranging from 150 - 170 degree C, residence times of 10 - 20 minutes and hydrolyzer sulfuric acid concentrations between 0.15 - 0.30% (weight/weight). In addition to characterizing the process yields achieved across the reaction space, the optimization identified a pretreatment reaction condition that achieved total xylose yields from pretreatment of 73.5% plus or minus 1.5% with greater than 97% xylan component balance closure across a series of five runs at the same condition. Feedstock reactivity at this reaction condition after bench-scale high solids enzymatic hydrolysis was 77%, prior to the inclusion of any additional conversion that may occur during subsequent fermentation. Conclusions: This study effectively characterized a range of pretreatment reaction conditions using deacetylated corn stover at low acid loadings and identified an optimum reaction condition was selected and used in a series of integrated pilot scale cellulosic ethanol production campaigns. Additionally, several issues exist to be considered in future pretreatment experiments in continuous reactor systems, including the formation of char within the reactor, as well as practical issues with feeding herbaceous feedstock into pressurized systems. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Shekiro, Joseph III AU - Kuhn, Erik M AU - Nagle, Nicholas J AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Elander, Richard T AU - Schell, Daniel J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 617 Cole Blvd, 80401 Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 23 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Deacetylated corn stover KW - Lignocellulosic pretreatment KW - Dilute acid KW - Xylose KW - Pilot KW - Historical account KW - Fuel technology KW - Fermentation KW - Glucose KW - Supplementation KW - Bioreactors KW - Corn KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Alloys KW - alloys KW - Neutralization KW - Ethanol KW - Temperature effects KW - Feeding KW - Sugar KW - Temperature KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Xylan KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1512336720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+pilot-scale+dilute+acid+pretreatment+performance+using+deacetylated+corn+stover&rft.au=Shekiro%2C+Joseph+III%3BKuhn%2C+Erik+M%3BNagle%2C+Nicholas+J%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BElander%2C+Richard+T%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J&rft.aulast=Shekiro&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-7-23 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/23 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 34 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Sugar; Feeding; Xylose; Fermentation; Glucose; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Supplementation; Xylan; Bioreactors; Sulfuric acid; alloys; Biofuels; Ethanol; Fuel technology; Historical account; Temperature; Corn; Alloys; Neutralization; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-23 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethylene-forming enzyme and bioethylene production AN - 1512330883; 19388499 AB - Worldwide, ethylene is the most produced organic compound. It serves as a building block for a wide variety of plastics, textiles, and chemicals, and a process has been developed for its conversion into liquid transportation fuels. Currently, commercial ethylene production involves steam cracking of fossil fuels, and is the highest CO sub(2)-emitting process in the chemical industry. Therefore, there is great interest in developing technology for ethylene production from renewable resources including CO sub(2) and biomass. Ethylene is produced naturally by plants and some microbes that live with plants. One of the metabolic pathways used by microbes is via an ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE), which uses [alpha]-ketoglutarate and arginine as substrates. EFE is a promising biotechnology target because the expression of a single gene is sufficient for ethylene production in the absence of toxic intermediates. Here we present the first comprehensive review and analysis of EFE, including its discovery, sequence diversity, reaction mechanism, predicted involvement in diverse metabolic modes, heterologous expression, and requirements for harvesting of bioethylene. A number of knowledge gaps and factors that limit ethylene productivity are identified, as well as strategies that could guide future research directions. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Eckert, Carrie AU - Xu, Wu AU - Xiong, Wei AU - Lynch, Sean AU - Ungerer, Justin AU - Tao, Ling AU - Gill, Ryan AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AU - Yu, Jianping AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 33 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Ethylene-forming enzyme KW - Bioethylene KW - Diversity KW - Mechanism KW - Heterologous expression KW - Sustainable yield KW - Fossil fuels KW - Arginine KW - Fuels KW - Steam KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Reaction mechanisms KW - Textiles KW - Reviews KW - Metabolic pathways KW - Organic compounds KW - Ethylene KW - Plastics KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Harvesting KW - Biofuels KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1512330883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Ethylene-forming+enzyme+and+bioethylene+production&rft.au=Eckert%2C+Carrie%3BXu%2C+Wu%3BXiong%2C+Wei%3BLynch%2C+Sean%3BUngerer%2C+Justin%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BGill%2C+Ryan%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching%3BYu%2C+Jianping&rft.aulast=Eckert&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-7-33 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/33 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sustainable yield; Fossil fuels; Arginine; Fuels; Steam; Enzymes; Biomass; Reaction mechanisms; Textiles; Reviews; Metabolic pathways; Plastics; Ethylene; Organic compounds; Carbon dioxide; Biofuels; Harvesting DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-33 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving xylose utilization by recombinant Zymomonas mobilis strain 8b through adaptation using 2-deoxyglucose AN - 1500780205; 19280766 AB - Background: Numerous attempts have been made to improve xylose utilization in Z. mobilis including adaptive approaches. However, no one has yet found a way to overcome the reduced xylose utilization observed in fermentations carried out in the presence of glucose as well as the inhibitory compounds found within pretreated and saccharified biomass. Our goal was to generate Z. mobilis strains that are more robust than the wildtype strain with increased productivity in fermenting the glucose and xylose present in PCS. Through adaptation in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose, we have generated Zymomonas mobilis strain #7, which is better suited to utilizing xylose in pretreated corn stover (PCS) fermentations in the presence of both glucose and model inhibitory compounds of acetate and furfural. Strain #7 over performed the parent strain 8b both on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SFF) of PCS and fermentation of saccharified PCS slurry. At 65% neutralized PCS liquor level, strain #7 used 86% of the xylose present in the liquor while strain 8b was not able to ferment the liquor under similar conditions. Similarly, under SSF process conditions with 20% total solids loading of PCS, strain #7 used more than 50% of the xylose present, while strain 8b did not utilize any xylose under this condition. We have further identified genetic alterations in strain #7 in relation to the parental strain 8b that may be responsible for these phenotypic enhancements. Results: We performed an extended lab-directed evolution of Z. mobilis strain 8b in the presence of acetate and a non-hydrolyzable glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose. Following the adaptation, we identified and characterized numerous candidate strains and found a dramatic increase in xylose usage not only in shake flask, but also in a controlled PCS fermentation. We re-sequenced the genomes of evolved strains to identify genetic alterations responsible for these improved phenotypes, and identified two mutations that may be key to the improved xylose usage in these strains. Conclusion: We have generated Z. mobilis strain #7, which can ferment xylose efficiently in the presence of toxins present in pretreated corn stover. Genetic alterations responsible for the improvement have been identified. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Mohagheghi, Ali AU - Linger, Jeff AU - Smith, Holly AU - Yang, Shihui AU - Dowe, Nancy AU - Pienkos, Philip T AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013, Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2014 PY - 2014 DA - 2014 SP - 19 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Zymomonas KW - Xylose KW - 2-deoxyglucose KW - Pretreated corn stover KW - Adaptation KW - Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation KW - Next generation sequencing (NGS) KW - Genomes KW - Adaptations KW - Fermentation KW - Glucose KW - Cell culture KW - Biomass KW - Acetic acid KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Toxins KW - Models KW - Slurries KW - Deoxyglucose KW - Mutation KW - Biofuels KW - Evolution KW - Furfural KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1500780205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Improving+xylose+utilization+by+recombinant+Zymomonas+mobilis+strain+8b+through+adaptation+using+2-deoxyglucose&rft.au=Mohagheghi%2C+Ali%3BLinger%2C+Jeff%3BSmith%2C+Holly%3BYang%2C+Shihui%3BDowe%2C+Nancy%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T&rft.aulast=Mohagheghi&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-7-19 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/7/1/19 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Xylose; Adaptations; Fermentation; Glucose; Cell culture; Biomass; Acetic acid; Toxins; Models; Slurries; Deoxyglucose; Mutation; Evolution; Biofuels; Furfural; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment of cellulosic isobutanol and comparison with cellulosic ethanol and n-butanol AN - 1496883934; 19015674 AB - This work presents a detailed analysis of the production design and economics of the cellulosic isobutanol conversion processes and compares cellulosic isobutanol with cellulosic ethanol and n-butanol in the areas of fuel properties and engine compatibility, fermentation technology, product purification process design and energy consumption, overall process economics, and life cycle assessment. Techno-economic analysis is used to understand the current stage of isobutanol process development and the impact of key parameters on the overall process economics in a consistent way (i.e. using the same financial assumptions, plant scale, and cost basis). The calculated minimum isobutanol selling price is $3.62/gasoline gallon equivalent ($/GGE) - similar to $3.66/GGE from the n-butanol process and higher than $3.26/GGE from the cellulosic ethanol conversion process. At the conversion stage, the n-butanol process emits the most direct CO sub(2), at 26.42 kg CO sub(2)/GGE. Isobutanol and ethanol plants have relatively similar CO sub(2) emissions, at 21.91 kg CO sub(2)/GGE and 21.01 kg CO sub(2)/GGE, respectively. The consumptive water use of the biorefineries increases in the following order: ethanol (8.19 gal/GGE)2 times the land used to meet food demands under a presumed 40% increase in per capita food demand. In comparison, the high food demand scenario requires greater pastureland for meat production, leading to larger overall expansion into forest and grassland. Our results indicate that, in all scenarios, there is a potential for supply shortfalls, and associated upward pressure on prices, of food commodities requiring higher land use intensity (e.g., beef) which biofuels could exacerbate. JF - Environmental Research Letters AU - Warner, Ethan AU - Inman, Daniel AU - Kunstman, Benjamin AU - Bush, Brian AU - Vimmerstedt, Laura AU - Peterson, Steve AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Zhang, Yimin AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, USA, Ethan.Warner@nrel.gov Y1 - 2013/03// PY - 2013 DA - March 2013 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - IOP Publishing, The Public Ledger Building, Suite 929 Philadelphia PA 19106 United States VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1748-9326, 1748-9326 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - system dynamics KW - biofuel KW - land use KW - agriculture KW - diet KW - sustainability KW - Meat KW - Diets KW - Fuel technology KW - Grasslands KW - Agricultural land KW - Transportation KW - Fuels KW - Forests KW - Biofuels KW - Land use KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1705083054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Modeling+biofuel+expansion+effects+on+land+use+change+dynamics&rft.au=Warner%2C+Ethan%3BInman%2C+Daniel%3BKunstman%2C+Benjamin%3BBush%2C+Brian%3BVimmerstedt%2C+Laura%3BPeterson%2C+Steve%3BMacknick%2C+Jordan%3BZhang%2C+Yimin&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.issn=17489326&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F8%2F1%2F015003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-08-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diets; Meat; Grasslands; Fuel technology; Agricultural land; Transportation; Fuels; Forests; Land use; Biofuels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bright Future: Solar Power as a Major Contributor to the U.S. Grid AN - 1671529751; 17735077 AB - The decreased costs of solar technologies have led to the prospect of a move for photovoltaic (PV ) and concentrating solar power (CSP ) from niche applications to major contributors to the U.S. electricity grid. This development has motivated a number of technoeconomic analyses of the potential deployment of both PV and CSP under varying economic conditions. Two studies sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE ) and completed in 2012 can help us understand the potential opportunities and challenges for solar deployment on a large scale. These studies evaluated both the potential mix of renewable energy technologies that could serve a large fraction of the U.S. electricity demand and the associated evolution of the U.S. grid to 2050. JF - IEEE Power & Energy Magazine AU - Denholm, Paul AU - Margolis, Robert AU - Mai, Trieu AU - Brinkman, Greg AU - Drury, Easan AU - Hand, Maureen AU - Mowers, Matthew AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2013/03// PY - 2013 DA - Mar 2013 SP - 22 EP - 32 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue, 17th Fl New York NY 10016-5997 United States VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1540-7977, 1540-7977 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN) KW - Solar power generation KW - Solar cells KW - Renewable energy KW - Marketing KW - Economic analysis KW - Electric potential KW - Electricity KW - Evolution KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671529751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Power+%26+Energy+Magazine&rft.atitle=Bright+Future%3A+Solar+Power+as+a+Major+Contributor+to+the+U.S.+Grid&rft.au=Denholm%2C+Paul%3BMargolis%2C+Robert%3BMai%2C+Trieu%3BBrinkman%2C+Greg%3BDrury%2C+Easan%3BHand%2C+Maureen%3BMowers%2C+Matthew&rft.aulast=Denholm&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Power+%26+Energy+Magazine&rft.issn=15407977&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FMPE.2012.2234404 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MPE.2012.2234404 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New method for discovery of starch phenotypes in growing microalgal colonies. AN - 1197482790; 23026776 AB - To identify algal strains with altered starch metabolism from a large pool of candidates of growing algal colonies, we have developed a novel, high-throughput screening tool by combining gaseous bleaching of replica transferred colonies and subsequent iodine staining to visualize starch. Screening of healthy growing colonies of microalgae has not been possible previously because high levels of chlorophyll make the detection of starch with an iodine stain impossible. We demonstrated that chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) removes essentially all chlorophyll from the colonies and enables high-throughput screening of, for example, a population of mutagenized cells or a culture collection isolated in a bioprospecting project. JF - Analytical biochemistry AU - Black, Stuart K AU - Smolinski, Sharon L AU - Feehan, Corinne AU - Pienkos, Philip T AU - Jarvis, Eric E AU - Laurens, Lieve M L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 2013/01/15/ PY - 2013 DA - 2013 Jan 15 SP - 71 EP - 73 VL - 432 IS - 2 KW - Chlorine Compounds KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Oxides KW - Chlorophyll KW - 1406-65-1 KW - chlorine dioxide KW - 8061YMS4RM KW - Starch KW - 9005-25-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxides -- analysis KW - Gases -- analysis KW - Chlorophyll -- metabolism KW - Chlorine Compounds -- analysis KW - Microalgae -- metabolism KW - Colorimetry -- methods KW - High-Throughput Screening Assays -- methods KW - Starch -- chemistry KW - Starch -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1197482790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.atitle=New+method+for+discovery+of+starch+phenotypes+in+growing+microalgal+colonies.&rft.au=Black%2C+Stuart+K%3BSmolinski%2C+Sharon+L%3BFeehan%2C+Corinne%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T%3BJarvis%2C+Eric+E%3BLaurens%2C+Lieve+M+L&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft.date=2013-01-15&rft.volume=432&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.issn=1096-0309&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ab.2012.09.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2013-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2012-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2012.09.018 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Validating a Physical Model for Satellite Based Solar Resource Assessment T2 - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AN - 1369230985; 6216598 JF - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AU - Sengupta, Manajit AU - Habte, A AU - Wilcox, S AU - Molling, C AU - Heidinger, A Y1 - 2013/01/06/ PY - 2013 DA - 2013 Jan 06 KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1369230985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.atitle=Validating+a+Physical+Model+for+Satellite+Based+Solar+Resource+Assessment&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Manajit%3BHabte%2C+A%3BWilcox%2C+S%3BMolling%2C+C%3BHeidinger%2C+A&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Manajit&rft.date=2013-01-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/93Annual/webprogram/meeting.html# LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-05-31 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-19 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Accuracy of Photodiode Pyranometers for Photovoltaic Applications T2 - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AN - 1369230761; 6216638 JF - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AU - Sengupta, Manajit AU - Gotseff, P AU - Stoffel, T Y1 - 2013/01/06/ PY - 2013 DA - 2013 Jan 06 KW - Solar cells KW - Actinometers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1369230761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.atitle=Accuracy+of+Photodiode+Pyranometers+for+Photovoltaic+Applications&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Manajit%3BGotseff%2C+P%3BStoffel%2C+T&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Manajit&rft.date=2013-01-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/93Annual/webprogram/meeting.html# LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-05-31 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-19 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of changing atmospheric conditions on wind turbine performance T2 - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AN - 1369230547; 6215983 JF - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AU - Clifton, Andrew AU - Fleming, P AU - Kilcher, L AU - Lundquist, J Y1 - 2013/01/06/ PY - 2013 DA - 2013 Jan 06 KW - Turbines KW - Wind energy KW - Atmospheric conditions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1369230547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+changing+atmospheric+conditions+on+wind+turbine+performance&rft.au=Clifton%2C+Andrew%3BFleming%2C+P%3BKilcher%2C+L%3BLundquist%2C+J&rft.aulast=Clifton&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2013-01-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/93Annual/webprogram/meeting.html# LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-05-31 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-19 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Update on Estimating the Economic Impact of Short-Term Wind Forecast Improvements in ERCOT T2 - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AN - 1369230048; 6216382 JF - 93rd American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting (AMS 2013) AU - Orwig, Kirsten AU - Banunarayanan, V AU - Nasir, S AU - Hodge, B AU - Freedman, J Y1 - 2013/01/06/ PY - 2013 DA - 2013 Jan 06 KW - Economics KW - Wind UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1369230048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.atitle=Update+on+Estimating+the+Economic+Impact+of+Short-Term+Wind+Forecast+Improvements+in+ERCOT&rft.au=Orwig%2C+Kirsten%3BBanunarayanan%2C+V%3BNasir%2C+S%3BHodge%2C+B%3BFreedman%2C+J&rft.aulast=Orwig&rft.aufirst=Kirsten&rft.date=2013-01-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=93rd+American+Meteorological+Society+Annual+Meeting+%28AMS+2013%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://ams.confex.com/ams/93Annual/webprogram/meeting.html# LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-05-31 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficient extraction of xylan from delignified corn stover using dimethyl sulfoxide AN - 1732820681; PQ0002204887 AB - Xylan can be extracted from biomass using either alkali (KOH or NaOH) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); however, DMSO extraction is the only method that produces a water-soluble xylan. In this study, DMSO extraction of corn stover was studied at different temperatures with the objective of finding a faster, more efficient extraction method. The temperature and time of extraction were compared followed by a basic structural analysis to ensure that no significant structural changes occurred under different temperatures. The resulting data showed that heating to 70 degree C during extraction can give a yield comparable to room temperature extraction while reducing the extraction time by ~90 %. This method of heating was shown to be the most efficient method currently available and was shown to retain the important structural characteristics of xylan extracted with DMSO at room temperature. JF - 3 Biotech AU - Rowley, John AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Michener, William AU - Black, Stuart AD - University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, steve.decker@nrel.gov PY - 2013 SP - 433 EP - 438 PB - Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin/Heidelberg VL - 3 IS - 5 SN - 2190-572X, 2190-572X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Data processing KW - Xylan KW - Dimethyl sulfoxide KW - Alkalis KW - Biomass KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1732820681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=3+Biotech&rft.atitle=Efficient+extraction+of+xylan+from+delignified+corn+stover+using+dimethyl+sulfoxide&rft.au=Rowley%2C+John%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R%3BMichener%2C+William%3BBlack%2C+Stuart&rft.aulast=Rowley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=3+Biotech&rft.issn=2190572X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs13205-013-0159-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - Last updated - 2015-12-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Data processing; Xylan; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Biomass; Alkalis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13205-013-0159-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential Reductions in Emissions and Petroleum Use in Transportation: Perspectives from the Transportation Energy Futures Project AN - 1671563602; 19761375 AB - The use of energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy sources in transportation could reduce petroleum use and greenhouse gas emissions, but these approaches may face challenges in consumer adoption, infrastructure requirements, and resource constraints. The Transportation Energy Futures project of the U.S. Department of Energy reviewed opportunities for significant reductions in petroleum use and greenhouse gas emissions. On the basis of that review, a diverse set of strategies is explored: reduced energy intensity of transportation modes, lower use intensity of motorized transport, and reduced carbon or petroleum intensity through the use of electricity and hydrogen from renewable energy as well as the use of biofuels. Energy efficiency and demandside approaches could stop the growth in total transportation energy. In the light-duty vehicle sector, growth in energy use already is projected to flatten; the deployment of technologies for energy efficiency could limit growth in the non-light-duty sector. Travel reduction and built environment changes could moderate personal transportation demand. Freight mass reductions and mode switching could slow or stabilize freight demand. Vehicles using electricity or hydrogen could enable access to renewable energy resources other than biomass. Challenges in fueling infrastructure expansion and market uptake of advanced vehicles are considered. Competition for biomass also is explored, considering markets for electricity, gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and bunker fuel. The potential for the implementation of these strategies to displace UJS. petroleum use and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector is discussed along with the barriers to realizing this potential in the market. JF - Transportation Research Record AU - Vimmerstedt, Laura AU - Brown, Austin AU - Heath, Garvin AU - Mai, Trieu AU - Melaina, Marc AU - Newes, Emily AU - Ruth, Mark AU - Simpkins, Travis AU - Warner, Ethan AU - Bertram, Kenneth AU - Plotkin, Steven AU - Patel, Deena AU - Stephens, Thomas AU - Vyas, Anant AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401 laura.vimmerstedt@nrel.gov Y1 - 2013 PY - 2013 DA - 2013 SP - 37 EP - 44 PB - Transportation Research Board IS - 2375 SN - 0361-1981, 0361-1981 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Energy use KW - Air pollution KW - Reduction KW - Transportation KW - Crude oil KW - Emissions control KW - Electricity KW - Markets UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671563602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transportation+Research+Record&rft.atitle=Potential+Reductions+in+Emissions+and+Petroleum+Use+in+Transportation%3A+Perspectives+from+the+Transportation+Energy+Futures+Project&rft.au=Vimmerstedt%2C+Laura%3BBrown%2C+Austin%3BHeath%2C+Garvin%3BMai%2C+Trieu%3BMelaina%2C+Marc%3BNewes%2C+Emily%3BRuth%2C+Mark%3BSimpkins%2C+Travis%3BWarner%2C+Ethan%3BBertram%2C+Kenneth%3BPlotkin%2C+Steven%3BPatel%2C+Deena%3BStephens%2C+Thomas%3BVyas%2C+Anant&rft.aulast=Vimmerstedt&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=2375&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=9780309286916&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transportation+Research+Record&rft.issn=03611981&rft_id=info:doi/10.3141%2F2375-05 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2375-05 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A laboratory-scale pretreatment and hydrolysis assay for determination of reactivity in cellulosic biomass feedstocks AN - 1475529463; 18857606 AB - Background: The rapid determination of the release of structural sugars from biomass feedstocks is an important enabling technology for the development of cellulosic biofuels. An assay that is used to determine sugar release for large numbers of samples must be robust, rapid, and easy to perform, and must use modest amounts of the samples to be tested. In this work we present a laboratory-scale combined pretreatment and saccharification assay that can be used as a biomass feedstock screening tool. The assay uses a commercially available automated solvent extraction system for pretreatment followed by a small-scale enzymatic hydrolysis step. The assay allows multiple samples to be screened simultaneously, and uses only ~3 g of biomass per sample. If the composition of the biomass sample is known, the results of the assay can be expressed as reactivity (fraction of structural carbohydrate present in the biomass sample released as monomeric sugars). Results: We first present pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis experiments on a set of representative biomass feedstock samples (corn stover, poplar, sorghum, switchgrass) in order to put the assay in context, and then show the results of the assay applied to approximately 150 different feedstock samples covering 5 different materials. From the compositional analysis data we identify a positive correlation between lignin and structural carbohydrates, and from the reactivity data we identify a negative correlation between both carbohydrate and lignin content and total reactivity. The negative correlation between lignin content and total reactivity suggests that lignin may interfere with sugar release, or that more mature samples (with higher structural sugars) may have more recalcitrant lignin. Conclusions: The assay presented in this work provides a robust and straightforward method to measure the sugar release after pretreatment and saccharification that can be used as a biomass feedstock screening tool. We demonstrated the utility of the assay by identifying correlations between feedstock composition and reactivity in a population of 150 samples. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Wolfrum, Edward J AU - Ness, Ryan M AU - Nagle, Nicholas J AU - Peterson, Darren J AU - Scarlata, Christopher J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2013 PY - 2013 DA - 2013 SP - 162 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Sugar KW - Solvent extraction KW - Data processing KW - Solvents KW - Assays KW - Biomass KW - Hydrolysis KW - Corn KW - Lignin KW - Carbohydrates KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Sorghum KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1475529463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=A+laboratory-scale+pretreatment+and+hydrolysis+assay+for+determination+of+reactivity+in+cellulosic+biomass+feedstocks&rft.au=Wolfrum%2C+Edward+J%3BNess%2C+Ryan+M%3BNagle%2C+Nicholas+J%3BPeterson%2C+Darren+J%3BScarlata%2C+Christopher+J&rft.aulast=Wolfrum&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-6-162 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/6/1/162 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 41 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Data processing; Lignin; Solvents; Carbohydrates; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Biofuels; Fuel technology; Solvent extraction; Corn; Assays; Biotechnology; Technology; Sorghum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-162 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - De novo transcriptomic analysis of hydrogen production in the green alga Chlamydomonas moewusii through RNA-Seq AN - 1439228605; 18596354 AB - Background: Microalgae can make a significant contribution towards meeting global renewable energy needs in both carbon-based and hydrogen (H sub(2)) biofuel. The development of energy-related products from algae could be accelerated with improvements in systems biology tools, and recent advances in sequencing technology provide a platform for enhanced transcriptomic analyses. However, these techniques are still heavily reliant upon available genomic sequence data. Chlamydomonas moewusii is a unicellular green alga capable of evolving molecular H sub(2) under both dark and light anaerobic conditions, and has high hydrogenase activity that can be rapidly induced. However, to date, there is no systematic investigation of transcriptomic profiling during induction of H sub(2) photoproduction in this organism. Results: In this work, RNA-Seq was applied to investigate transcriptomic profiles during the dark anaerobic induction of H sub(2) photoproduction. 156 million reads generated from 7 samples were then used for de novo assembly after data trimming. BlastX results against NCBI database and Blast2GO results were used to interpret the functions of the assembled 34,136 contigs, which were then used as the reference contigs for RNA-Seq analysis. Our results indicated that more contigs were differentially expressed during the period of early and higher H sub(2) photoproduction, and fewer contigs were differentially expressed when H sub(2)-photoproduction rates decreased. In addition, C. moewusii and C. reinhardtii share core functional pathways, and transcripts for H sub(2) photoproduction and anaerobic metabolite production were identified in both organisms. C. moewusii also possesses similar metabolic flexibility as C. reinhardtii, and the difference between C. moewusii and C. reinhardtii on hydrogenase expression and anaerobic fermentative pathways involved in redox balancing may explain their different profiles of hydrogenase activity and secreted anaerobic metabolites. Conclusions: Herein, we have described a workflow using commercial software to analyze RNA-Seq data without reference genome sequence information, which can be applied to other unsequenced microorganisms. This study provided biological insights into the anaerobic fermentation and H sub(2) photoproduction of C. moewusii, and the first transcriptomic RNA-Seq dataset of C. moewusii generated in this study also offer baseline data for further investigation (e.g. regulatory proteins related to fermentative pathway discussed in this study) of this organism as a H sub(2)-photoproduction strain. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Yang, Shihui AU - Guarnieri, Michael T AU - Smolinski, Sharon AU - Ghirardi, Maria AU - Pienkos, Philip T AD - National Bioenergy Center, Golden, CO, USA Y1 - 2013 PY - 2013 DA - 2013 SP - 118 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Genomes KW - Data processing KW - Fermentation KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Metabolites KW - Hydrogen KW - Anaerobic conditions KW - Light effects KW - Computer programs KW - Databases KW - software KW - Chlamydomonas moewusii KW - regulatory proteins KW - Energy KW - Microorganisms KW - genomics KW - Hydrogenase KW - Biofuels KW - Algae KW - N 14815:Nucleotide Sequence KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439228605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=De+novo+transcriptomic+analysis+of+hydrogen+production+in+the+green+alga+Chlamydomonas+moewusii+through+RNA-Seq&rft.au=Yang%2C+Shihui%3BGuarnieri%2C+Michael+T%3BSmolinski%2C+Sharon%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Shihui&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-6-118 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/6/1/118 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 92 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Data processing; Fermentation; Nucleotide sequence; Metabolites; Hydrogen; Anaerobic conditions; Light effects; Databases; Computer programs; software; regulatory proteins; Energy; Microorganisms; genomics; Hydrogenase; Biofuels; Algae; Chlamydomonas moewusii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-118 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving activity of minicellulosomes by integration of intra- and intermolecular synergies AN - 1439221963; 18596440 AB - Background: Complete hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose requires the synergistic action of three general types of glycoside hydrolases; endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and cellobiases. Cellulases that are found in Nature vary considerably in their modular diversity and architecture. They include: non-complexed enzymes with single catalytic domains, independent single peptide chains incorporating multiple catalytic modules, and complexed, scaffolded structures, such as the cellulosome. The discovery of the latter two enzyme architectures has led to a generally held hypothesis that these systems take advantage of intramolecular and intermolecular proximity synergies, respectively, to enhance cellulose degradation. We use domain engineering to exploit both of these concepts to improve cellulase activity relative to the activity of mixtures of the separate catalytic domains. Results: We show that engineered minicellulosomes can achieve high levels of cellulose conversion on crystalline cellulose by taking advantage of three types of synergism; (1) a complementary synergy produced by interaction of endo- and exo-cellulases, (2) an intramolecular synergy of multiple catalytic modules in a single gene product (this type of synergism being introduced for the first time to minicellulosomes targeting crystalline cellulose), and (3) an intermolecular proximity synergy from the assembly of these cellulases into larger multi-molecular structures called minicellulosomes. The binary minicellulosome constructed in this study consists of an artificial multicatalytic cellulase (CBM4-Ig-GH9-X1 sub(1)-X1 sub(2)- GH8-Doc) and one cellulase with a single catalytic domain (a modified Cel48S with the structure CBM4-Ig-GH48-Doc), connected by a non-catalytic scaffoldin protein. The high level endo-exo synergy and intramolecular synergies within the artificial multifunctional cellulase have been combined with an additional proximity-dependent synergy produced by incorporation into a minicellulosome demonstrating high conversion of crystalline cellulose (Avicel). Our minicellulosome is the first engineered enzyme system confirmed by test to be capable of both operating at temperatures as high as 60 degree C and converting over 60% of crystalline cellulose to fermentable sugars. Conclusion: When compared to previously reported minicellulosomes assembled from cellulases containing only one catalytic module each, our novel minicellulosome demonstrates a method for substantial reduction in the number of peptide chains required, permitting improved heterologous expression of minicellulosomes in microbial hosts. In addition, it has been shown to be capable of substantial conversion of actual crystalline cellulose, as well as of the less-well-ordered and more easily digestible fraction of nominally crystalline cellulose. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Xu, Qi AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Bomble, Yannick J AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Baker, John O AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA Y1 - 2013 PY - 2013 DA - 2013 SP - 126 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cellulosomes KW - Engineered minicellulosomes KW - Cellulase KW - Intra- and intermolecular synergies KW - Endoglucanase KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrolysis KW - Integration KW - cellulosomes KW - glycoside hydrolase KW - Biofuels KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1439221963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Improving+activity+of+minicellulosomes+by+integration+of+intra-+and+intermolecular+synergies&rft.au=Xu%2C+Qi%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BBrunecky%2C+Roman%3BBomble%2C+Yannick+J%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BBaker%2C+John+O&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Qi&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-6-126 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/6/1/126 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Endoglucanase; Sugar; Integration; cellulosomes; Cellulose; Glucose; glycoside hydrolase; Enzymes; Hydrolysis; Biofuels; Cellulase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-126 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of growth of Zymomonas mobilis by model compounds found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates AN - 1419368857; 18272826 AB - Background: During the pretreatment of biomass feedstocks and subsequent conditioning prior to saccharification, many toxic compounds are produced or introduced which inhibit microbial growth and in many cases, production of ethanol. An understanding of the toxic effects of compounds found in hydrolysate is critical to improving sugar utilization and ethanol yields in the fermentation process. In this study, we established a useful tool for surveying hydrolysate toxicity by measuring growth rates in the presence of toxic compounds, and examined the effects of selected model inhibitors of aldehydes, organic and inorganic acids (along with various cations), and alcohols on growth of Zymomonas mobilis 8b (a ZM4 derivative) using glucose or xylose as the carbon source. Results: Toxicity strongly correlated to hydrophobicity in Z. mobilis, which has been observed in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for aldehydes and with some exceptions, organic acids. We observed Z. mobilis 8b to be more tolerant to organic acids than previously reported, although the carbon source and growth conditions play a role in tolerance. Growth in xylose was profoundly inhibited by monocarboxylic organic acids compared to growth in glucose, whereas dicarboxylic acids demonstrated little or no effects on growth rate in either substrate. Furthermore, cations can be ranked in order of their toxicity, Ca super(++) > > Na super(+) > NH4 super(+) > K super(+). HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural), furfural and acetate, which were observed to contribute to inhibition of Z. mobilis growth in dilute acid pretreated corn stover hydrolysate, do not interact in a synergistic manner in combination. We provide further evidence that Z. mobilis 8b is capable of converting the aldehydes furfural, vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and to some extent syringaldehyde to their alcohol forms (furfuryl, vanillyl, 4-hydroxybenzyl and syringyl alcohol) during fermentation. Conclusions: Several key findings in this report provide a mechanism for predicting toxic contributions of inhibitory components of hydrolysate and provide guidance for potential process development, along with potential future strain improvement and tolerance strategies. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Franden, Mary Ann AU - Pilath, Heidi M AU - Mohagheghi, Ali AU - Pienkos, Philip T AU - Zhang, Min AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2013 PY - 2013 DA - 2013 SP - 99 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - High-throughput screening KW - Cell growth assay KW - Bioscreen C KW - Inhibitor KW - Hydrolysate KW - Lignocellulosic biomass KW - Ethanol KW - Calcium KW - Xylose KW - Organic acids KW - Growth conditions KW - Fermentation KW - Glucose KW - Drug tolerance KW - Hydrophobicity KW - Carbon sources KW - Models KW - Escherichia coli KW - Hydrolysates KW - Furfural KW - Growth rate KW - Alcohol KW - Sugar KW - Potassium KW - syringaldehyde KW - Toxicity KW - Biomass KW - vanillin KW - Acetic acid KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - organic acids KW - Cations KW - Acids KW - Aldehydes KW - Biofuels KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - J 02320:Cell Biology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1419368857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+growth+of+Zymomonas+mobilis+by+model+compounds+found+in+lignocellulosic+hydrolysates&rft.au=Franden%2C+Mary+Ann%3BPilath%2C+Heidi+M%3BMohagheghi%2C+Ali%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Franden&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-6-99 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/6/1/99 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 42 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xylose; Calcium; Fermentation; Growth conditions; Glucose; Drug tolerance; Hydrophobicity; Carbon sources; Models; Hydrolysates; Furfural; Ethanol; Growth rate; Sugar; Potassium; Toxicity; syringaldehyde; vanillin; Biomass; Acetic acid; organic acids; Cations; Acids; Aldehydes; Biofuels; Alcohol; Organic acids; Escherichia coli; Zymomonas mobilis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-99 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Energy sector vulnerability to climate change: adaptation options to increase resilience T2 - 2012 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting (AGU 2012) AN - 1313095179; 6189282 JF - 2012 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting (AGU 2012) AU - Newmark, Robin AU - Bilello, Dan AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Hallett, K AU - Anderson, Ren AU - Tidwell, Vincent AU - Zamuda, Craig Y1 - 2012/12/03/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Dec 03 KW - Climatic changes KW - Adaptability KW - Vulnerability KW - Adaptations KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313095179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting+%28AGU+2012%29&rft.atitle=Energy+sector+vulnerability+to+climate+change%3A+adaptation+options+to+increase+resilience&rft.au=Newmark%2C+Robin%3BBilello%2C+Dan%3BMacknick%2C+Jordan%3BHallett%2C+K%3BAnderson%2C+Ren%3BTidwell%2C+Vincent%3BZamuda%2C+Craig&rft.aulast=Newmark&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2012-12-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+American+Geophysical+Union+Fall+Meeting+%28AGU+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://fallmeeting.agu.org/2012/scientific-program/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The water implications of generating electricity: water use across the United States based on different electricity pathways through 2050 AN - 1730045862; PQ0001831427 AB - The power sector withdraws more freshwater annually than any other sector in the US. The current portfolio of electricity generating technologies in the US has highly regionalized and technology-specific requirements for water. Water availability differs widely throughout the nation. As a result, assessments of water impacts from the power sector must have a high geographic resolution and consider regional, basin-level differences. The US electricity portfolio is expected to evolve in coming years, shaped by various policy and economic drivers on the international, national and regional level; that evolution will impact power sector water demands. Analysis of future electricity scenarios that incorporate technology options and constraints can provide useful insights about water impacts related to changes to the technology mix. Utilizing outputs from the regional energy deployment system (ReEDS) model, a national electricity sector capacity expansion model with high geographical resolution, we explore potential changes in water use by the US electric sector over the next four decades under various low carbon energy scenarios, nationally and regionally. JF - Environmental Research Letters AU - Macknick, J AU - Sattler, S AU - Averyt, K AU - Clemmer, S AU - Rogers, J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401-3305, USA jordan.macknick@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/12// PY - 2012 DA - December 2012 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - IOP Publishing, The Public Ledger Building, Suite 929 Philadelphia PA 19106 United States VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1748-9326, 1748-9326 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - energy water nexus KW - electricity KW - freshwater demands KW - Energy use KW - Water use KW - Carbon KW - Electric power generation KW - Economics KW - Impact analysis KW - Regional KW - Electricity KW - Evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1730045862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=The+water+implications+of+generating+electricity%3A+water+use+across+the+United+States+based+on+different+electricity+pathways+through+2050&rft.au=Macknick%2C+J%3BSattler%2C+S%3BAveryt%2C+K%3BClemmer%2C+S%3BRogers%2C+J&rft.aulast=Macknick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2012-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.issn=17489326&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2F7%2F4%2F045803 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-03 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/045803 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxidative trends of TiO sub(2)-hole trapping at anatase and rutile surfaces AN - 1283720701; 17456907 AB - Understanding the nature of photogenerated carriers in a photocatalyst is central to understanding its photocatalytic performance. Based on density functional theory calculation we show that for TiO sub(2), the most popular photo-catalyst, the electron hole self-trapping leads to band gap states which position is dependent on the type of surface termination. Such variations in hole state energies can lead to differences in photocatalytic activity among rutile and anatase surface facets. We find that the calculated hole state energies correlate with photo-deposition and photo-etching rates. We anticipated that our results can aid the design of more reactive photo-catalysts based on TiO sub(2) and our approach can be utilized for other relevant photo-catalysts as well. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Zawadzki, Pawel AU - Laursen, Anders B AU - Jacobsen, Karsten Wedel AU - Dahl, Soeren AU - Rossmeisl, Jan AD - Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design; Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark; DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby; Denmark; , Pawel.Zawadzki@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/11// PY - 2012 DA - Nov 2012 SP - 9866 EP - 9869 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 12 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Density KW - Trapping KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - AQ 00005:Underground Services and Water Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1283720701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Oxidative+trends+of+TiO+sub%282%29-hole+trapping+at+anatase+and+rutile+surfaces&rft.au=Zawadzki%2C+Pawel%3BLaursen%2C+Anders+B%3BJacobsen%2C+Karsten+Wedel%3BDahl%2C+Soeren%3BRossmeisl%2C+Jan&rft.aulast=Zawadzki&rft.aufirst=Pawel&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=9866&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee22721e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 35 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Density; Trapping DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22721e ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Catalyst Screening for Upgrading Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Vapors T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313122926; 6168889 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Nimlos, Mark AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - Richards, Ryan AU - Robichaud, David Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Catalysts KW - Biomass KW - Vapors KW - Pyrolysis KW - Screening UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313122926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Catalyst+Screening+for+Upgrading+Biomass+Fast+Pyrolysis+Vapors&rft.au=Nimlos%2C+Mark%3BMukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BRichards%2C+Ryan%3BRobichaud%2C+David&rft.aulast=Nimlos&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of Dilute Acid Pretreatment On Cellulose DP and Factors Related to Cellulose Digestibility T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313111601; 6169678 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Wang, Wei AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Mittal, Ashutosh AU - Katahira, Rui AU - Tucker, Melvin AU - Johnson, David Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Cellulose KW - Digestibility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313111601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Dilute+Acid+Pretreatment+On+Cellulose+DP+and+Factors+Related+to+Cellulose+Digestibility&rft.au=Wang%2C+Wei%3BChen%2C+Xiaowen%3BMittal%2C+Ashutosh%3BKatahira%2C+Rui%3BTucker%2C+Melvin%3BJohnson%2C+David&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Wei&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Investigation of Hemicellulase Inhibition in the Production of Bioethanol T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313109256; 6168868 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Kuhn, Erik AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Dibble, Clare AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Nagle, Nicholas AU - Elander, Richard Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313109256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+Hemicellulase+Inhibition+in+the+Production+of+Bioethanol&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+Erik%3BChen%2C+Xiaowen%3BDibble%2C+Clare%3BShekiro%2C+Joseph%3BNagle%2C+Nicholas%3BElander%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of Mechanical Refining On the Enzymatic Digestibility of Acid Pretreated Corn Stover T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313104824; 6170601 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Kuhn, Erik AU - Wang, Wei AU - Vinzant, Todd AU - Park, Sunkyu AU - Flanegan, Keith AU - Tucker, Melvin Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Corn KW - Digestibility UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313104824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Mechanical+Refining+On+the+Enzymatic+Digestibility+of+Acid+Pretreated+Corn+Stover&rft.au=Chen%2C+Xiaowen%3BKuhn%2C+Erik%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BVinzant%2C+Todd%3BPark%2C+Sunkyu%3BFlanegan%2C+Keith%3BTucker%2C+Melvin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Xiaowen&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Determining Dispersion in High-Solids Biomass Slurries T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313083671; 6170184 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Lischeske, James AU - Sprague, Michael AU - Stickel, Jonathan Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Slurries KW - Biomass KW - Dispersion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313083671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Determining+Dispersion+in+High-Solids+Biomass+Slurries&rft.au=Lischeske%2C+James%3BSprague%2C+Michael%3BStickel%2C+Jonathan&rft.aulast=Lischeske&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Identification of Molecular-Level Contributions to Processivity in Glycoside Hydrolases From Computational and Experimental Studies of Serratia Marcescens Chitinases T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313075721; 6170505 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Payne, Christina AU - Kuhn, Erik AU - Vaaje-Kolstad, Gustav AU - Eijsink, Vincent AU - Sorlie, Morten AU - Beckham, Gregg Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - hydrolase KW - Glycosides KW - Chitinase KW - glycoside hydrolase KW - Computer applications KW - Serratia marcescens UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313075721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Molecular-Level+Contributions+to+Processivity+in+Glycoside+Hydrolases+From+Computational+and+Experimental+Studies+of+Serratia+Marcescens+Chitinases&rft.au=Payne%2C+Christina%3BKuhn%2C+Erik%3BVaaje-Kolstad%2C+Gustav%3BEijsink%2C+Vincent%3BSorlie%2C+Morten%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Progress Toward Sustainable Biofuels - Pilot-Scale Demonstration of Integrated Cellulosic Ethanol Production T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313074574; 6169362 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Schell, Daniel Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Ethanol KW - Fuel technology KW - Sustainable development KW - Biofuels UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313074574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Progress+Toward+Sustainable+Biofuels+-+Pilot-Scale+Demonstration+of+Integrated+Cellulosic+Ethanol+Production&rft.au=Schell%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Schell&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vapor Phase Catalytic Upgrading of Model Biomass-Derived Oxygenate Compounds T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313035736; 6168433 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Yung, Matthew AU - Majlinger, Caitlin AU - Gomez, Elaine AU - Magrini, Kim Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Vapors KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313035736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Vapor+Phase+Catalytic+Upgrading+of+Model+Biomass-Derived+Oxygenate+Compounds&rft.au=Yung%2C+Matthew%3BMajlinger%2C+Caitlin%3BGomez%2C+Elaine%3BMagrini%2C+Kim&rft.aulast=Yung&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Examining the Variability of Load, Wind, and Solar Power in the Regulation Timeframe T2 - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AN - 1313035052; 6170519 JF - 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2012) AU - Hodge, Bri-Mathias AU - Florita, Anthony AU - Orwig, Kirsten Y1 - 2012/10/28/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 28 KW - Solar energy KW - Wind UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313035052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.atitle=Examining+the+Variability+of+Load%2C+Wind%2C+and+Solar+Power+in+the+Regulation+Timeframe&rft.au=Hodge%2C+Bri-Mathias%3BFlorita%2C+Anthony%3BOrwig%2C+Kirsten&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Bri-Mathias&rft.date=2012-10-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2012+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2012/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Recent Improvements on Optimization Methods in a Tidal Current Turbine Optimal Design Tool T2 - OCEANS 2012 MTS/IEEE AN - 1313086229; 6173499 JF - OCEANS 2012 MTS/IEEE AU - Li, Ye AU - Yi, Jin-Hak AU - Sale, Danny Y1 - 2012/10/14/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Oct 14 KW - Turbines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313086229?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=OCEANS+2012+MTS%2FIEEE&rft.atitle=Recent+Improvements+on+Optimization+Methods+in+a+Tidal+Current+Turbine+Optimal+Design+Tool&rft.au=Li%2C+Ye%3BYi%2C+Jin-Hak%3BSale%2C+Danny&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ye&rft.date=2012-10-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=OCEANS+2012+MTS%2FIEEE&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.oceans12mtsieeehamptonroads.org/docs/conference-program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of predictive heat and mass transfer green roof model with extensive green roof field data AN - 1770373225; 18930486 AB - Green roof technology has been adopted in the United States as a specialized roofing system and as a sustainable technology capable of saving energy. Most of the previous thermal performance models for green roofs have had the main goal of quantifying these energy savings. However, until recently, none of the models had been fully validated with laboratory and experimental data including both heat flux and surface temperature data. A recently developed green roof thermal performance model was validated with detailed experimental data from a new experimental apparatus called a Cold Plate, which is specifically designed and built for that purpose. In order to further examine the accuracy of the model, this paper describes the dynamic validation of the model using field data from a green roof installed on a commercial roof in Chicago. The dynamic validation consists of comparing substrate surface temperature, heat flux through the roof, and net radiation. The validated results show that the green roof thermal model predicts the heat and mass transfer appropriately as long as the long-wave radiation data from a weather station are used to reduce a possible bias resulting from the sky condition. JF - Ecological Engineering AU - Tabares-Velasco, P C AU - Zhao, M AU - Peterson, N AU - Srebric, J AU - Berghage, R AD - Department of Architectural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, United States Y1 - 2012/10// PY - 2012 DA - October 2012 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 47 SN - 0925-8574, 0925-8574 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Heat flux KW - Mathematical models KW - Roofs KW - Energy conservation KW - Mass transfer KW - Dynamics KW - Surface temperature KW - Heat transfer UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1770373225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Engineering&rft.atitle=Validation+of+predictive+heat+and+mass+transfer+green+roof+model+with+extensive+green+roof+field+data&rft.au=Tabares-Velasco%2C+P+C%3BZhao%2C+M%3BPeterson%2C+N%3BSrebric%2C+J%3BBerghage%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tabares-Velasco&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Engineering&rft.issn=09258574&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterizing and Modeling Wind Power Forecast Errors from Operational Systems for Use in Wind Integration Planning Studies AN - 1257745274; 17426650 AB - An important consideration in wind power integration studies is the role that wind power forecasting will play in simulated high-penetration system operations. As no wind power forecast is perfect, an understanding of the forecast error distributions that are observed in current system operations is important for modeling the forecast errors that can be expected in future scenarios. In this work, we statistically characterize and model the wind power forecast errors from three different operational forecasting systems at multiple timescales. Comparisons are made with two methods that are commonly used in wind integration studies to represent wind power forecasting: the persistence model, and an assumed normal distribution of forecasting errors. A number of model distributions are fit to the operational system forecast errors and the accuracy of the model fits to extreme events is examined in detail. JF - Wind Engineering AU - Hodge, Bri-Mathias S AU - Ela, Erik G AU - Milligan, Michael AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401 USA Y1 - 2012/10// PY - 2012 DA - Oct 2012 SP - 509 EP - 524 PB - Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd., 5 Wates Way Brentwood Essex CM15 9TB United Kingdom VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0309-524X, 0309-524X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Wind energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1257745274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Engineering&rft.atitle=Characterizing+and+Modeling+Wind+Power+Forecast+Errors+from+Operational+Systems+for+Use+in+Wind+Integration+Planning+Studies&rft.au=Hodge%2C+Bri-Mathias+S%3BEla%2C+Erik+G%3BMilligan%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Bri-Mathias&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Engineering&rft.issn=0309524X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1260%2F0309-524X.36.5.509 L2 - http://multi-science.metapress.com/link.asp?target=contribution&;id=Q37N0477037H4X67 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0309-524X.36.5.509 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of water intrusion on the charge-carrier dynamics, performance, and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells AN - 1125237676; 17317889 AB - We report on the influence of water on the charge-carrier dynamics, photocurrent density-photovoltage (J-V) properties, and stability of dye-sensitized TiO sub(2) solar cells (DSSCs) containing two different commonly used solvents. Adding water to the solvents was found to strongly alter the energy level alignments, retard recombination at the electrode-redox electrolyte interfaces, and increase the dark exchange current density. The added water had no effect on electron transport, however. The addition of water to the cells increased the photocurrent densities, photovoltages, and solar cell efficiencies but lowered the fill factors. Changes in the J-Vcharacteristics were shown to result from the effects of water on the energetics and kinetics of transport and recombination in the DSSCs. Regardless of the solvent used in the DSSCs, the added water had no observed effect on the cell stability during 1000 h of continuous illumination under full sunlight (AM1.5). JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Zhu, Kai AU - Jang, Song-Rim AU - Frank, Arthur J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 1617 Cole Blvd.; Golden; CO 80401; USA; +1 303 384 6150; +1 303 384 6262; , Arthur.Frank@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/10// PY - 2012 DA - Oct 2012 SP - 9492 EP - 9495 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 11 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Electrolytes KW - Solar cells KW - Kinetics KW - Solvents KW - Sunlight KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1125237676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+water+intrusion+on+the+charge-carrier+dynamics%2C+performance%2C+and+stability+of+dye-sensitized+solar+cells&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Kai%3BJang%2C+Song-Rim%3BFrank%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Kai&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=9492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee22178k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electrolytes; Kinetics; Solar cells; Solvents; Sunlight DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22178k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photo-catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to organic acids by a recombinant cyanobacterium incapable of glycogen storage AN - 1125235481; 17317920 AB - Deletion of the gene encoding glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase ( Delta glgC) in the non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, Synechocystissp. PCC 6803, disables glycogen synthesis, arrests cellular biomass accumulation under nitrogen deficiency, and redirects photosynthetically fixed carbon to organic acids ( alpha -ketoglutarate and pyruvate) that appear in the extracellular medium. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Carrieri, Damian AU - Paddock, Troy AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AU - Seibert, Michael AU - Yu, Jianping AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Biosciences Center; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO; USA; +1 303 384 7839; +1 303 384 6252; , Jianping.Yu@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/10// PY - 2012 DA - Oct 2012 SP - 9457 EP - 9461 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 11 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Environment Abstracts KW - Organic acids KW - Biomass KW - Glycogen KW - Storage KW - Recombinants KW - organic acids KW - Gene deletion KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Carbon KW - Pyruvic acid KW - Arrests KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Nitrogen KW - Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase KW - Q1 08225:Genetics and evolution KW - K 03450:Ecology KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1125235481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Photo-catalytic+conversion+of+carbon+dioxide+to+organic+acids+by+a+recombinant+cyanobacterium+incapable+of+glycogen+storage&rft.au=Carrieri%2C+Damian%3BPaddock%2C+Troy%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching%3BSeibert%2C+Michael%3BYu%2C+Jianping&rft.aulast=Carrieri&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=9457&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee23181f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 17 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Recombinants; Organic acids; Carbon dioxide; Glycogen; Gene deletion; organic acids; Pyruvic acid; Carbon; Biomass; Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase; Nitrogen; Storage; Arrests; Cyanobacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee23181f ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A direct numerical simulation study of turbulence and flame structure in transverse jets analysed in jet-trajectory based coordinates AN - 1356936078; 18059104 AB - A mixture averaged diffusion formulation that includes the effect of thermal diffusion is used along with a detailed chemical kinetics mechanism for hydrogen-air combustion. A new parametrization technique is used to describe the jet trajectory: solution of Laplace's equation upon, and then within, an opportune scalar surface anchored by Dirichlet boundary conditions at the jet nozzle and plume exit from the domain provides a smoothly varying field along the jet path. The surface is selected to describe the scalar mixing and reaction associated with a transverse jet. JF - Journal of Fluid Mechanics AU - Grout, R W AU - Gruber, A AU - Kolla, H AU - Bremer, P-T AU - Bennett, J C AU - Gyulassy, A AU - Chen, J H AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, ray.grout@cantab.net Y1 - 2012/09/10/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Sep 10 SP - 351 EP - 383 PB - Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU United Kingdom VL - 706 SN - 0022-1120, 0022-1120 KW - Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Turbulent Flow KW - Laplace equations KW - Fuels KW - Correlations KW - Nozzles KW - Vortex shedding KW - turbulence KW - Vortexes KW - Mixing KW - Boundary conditions KW - Fluid mechanics KW - Turbulence KW - Laplace equation KW - Fuel KW - Shear KW - Turbulent flow KW - Boundary Conditions KW - Stabilizing KW - Numerical simulations KW - Chemical reactions KW - Standards KW - Enstrophy KW - Anchoring KW - Q2 09169:Fluid mechanics KW - M2 551.511:Mechanics and Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere (551.511) KW - SW 6070:Materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1356936078?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fluid+Mechanics&rft.atitle=A+direct+numerical+simulation+study+of+turbulence+and+flame+structure+in+transverse+jets+analysed+in+jet-trajectory+based+coordinates&rft.au=Grout%2C+R+W%3BGruber%2C+A%3BKolla%2C+H%3BBremer%2C+P-T%3BBennett%2C+J+C%3BGyulassy%2C+A%3BChen%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Grout&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft.volume=706&rft.issue=&rft.spage=351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fluid+Mechanics&rft.issn=00221120&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2Fjfm.2012.257 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluid mechanics; Chemical reactions; Fuels; Vortex shedding; Enstrophy; Anchoring; Stabilizing; Laplace equation; Turbulence; Turbulent flow; Numerical simulations; Laplace equations; Correlations; Vortexes; Boundary conditions; Shear; Turbulent Flow; Boundary Conditions; Nozzles; Standards; turbulence; Mixing; Fuel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.257 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sustained photosynthetic conversion of CO sub(2) to ethylene in recombinant cyanobacterium Synechocystis6803 AN - 1560116262; 20523333 AB - Ethylene is the most widely produced petrochemical feedstock globally. It is currently produced exclusively from fossil fuels, and its production is the largest CO sub(2)-emitting process in the chemical industry. In this study, we report on a photobiological process for sustained production of ethylene from CO sub(2). The efegene encoding an ethylene-forming enzyme from Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolicolawas previously expressed in cyanobacterial strains, but was not stable. We modified the gene sequence to enhance its stability, and expressed it in Synechocystissp. PCC 6803, leading to continuous ethylene production. The same ethylene production rate was sustained across four successive sub-cultures without apparent loss of ethylene-forming ability. Up to 5.5% of the fixed carbon was directed to ethylene synthesis, surpassing the published carbon-partition rate into the TCA cycle. Nitrogen- and phosphorus-enriched seawater can support both growth and ethylene production. Factors limiting ethylene production, including efeexpression levels, light intensity and nutrient status, were identified and alleviated, resulting in a peak production rate of 5650 mu L L super(-1) h super(-1) (7125 mu g L super(-1) h super(-1), 252 mu mol L super(-1) h super(-1), or 171 mg L super(-1) day super(-1)), which is higher than that reported for other algae biofuels and chemicals. This study suggests that Synechocystis, expressing the modified efegene, has potential to be an efficient biological catalyst for the uptake and conversion of CO sub(2) to ethylene. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Ungerer, Justin AU - Tao, Ling AU - Davis, Mark AU - Ghirardi, Maria AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AU - Yu, Jianping AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 15013 Denver West Parkway; Golden; CO 80401; USA; +1-303-384-7836; +1-303-384-6252; , Justin.Ungerer@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/09// PY - 2012 DA - Sep 2012 SP - 8998 EP - 9006 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 10 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Photosynthesis KW - Seawater KW - Petrochemicals KW - Carbon KW - Marine environment KW - Catalysts KW - Tricarboxylic acid cycle KW - Nutrient status KW - Pseudomonas syringae KW - Algae KW - Synechocystis KW - Light intensity KW - Fossil fuels KW - Enzymes KW - Chemical industry KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Energy KW - Uptake KW - Ethylene KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - W 30925:Genetic Engineering KW - K 03450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1560116262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Sustained+photosynthetic+conversion+of+CO+sub%282%29+to+ethylene+in+recombinant+cyanobacterium+Synechocystis6803&rft.au=Ungerer%2C+Justin%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BDavis%2C+Mark%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching%3BYu%2C+Jianping&rft.aulast=Ungerer&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft.date=2012-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=8998&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee22555g LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 21 N1 - Last updated - 2015-09-03 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Light intensity; Fossil fuels; Enzymes; Carbon; Marine environment; Energy; Ethylene; Catalysts; Carbon dioxide; Tricarboxylic acid cycle; Nutrient status; Biofuels; Algae; Fuel technology; Photosynthesis; Seawater; Petrochemicals; Chemical industry; Uptake; Synechocystis; Cyanobacteria; Pseudomonas syringae DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22555g ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enzymatic Conversion of Xylan Residues from Dilute Acid-Pretreated Corn Stover AN - 1113213150; 17218553 AB - Enzymatic conversion of oligomeric xylose and insoluble xylan remaining after effective pretreatment offers significant potential to improve xylan-to-xylose yields while minimizing yields of degredation products and fermentation inhibitors. In this work, a commercial enzyme cocktail is demonstrated to convert up to 70 % of xylo-oligomers found in dilute acid-pretreated hydrolyzate liquor at varying levels of dilution when supplemented with accessory enzymes targeting common side chains. Commercial enzyme cocktails are also shown to convert roughly 80 % of insoluble xylan remaining after effective high-solids, dilute acid pretreatment. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Kuhn, Erik M AU - Selig, Michael J AU - Nagle, Nicholas J AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Elander, Richard T AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA, joseph.shekiro@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/09// PY - 2012 DA - September 2012 SP - 421 EP - 433 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 168 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Xylose KW - Xylan KW - Fermentation KW - Enzymes KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1113213150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Enzymatic+Conversion+of+Xylan+Residues+from+Dilute+Acid-Pretreated+Corn+Stover&rft.au=Shekiro%2C+Joseph%3BKuhn%2C+Erik+M%3BSelig%2C+Michael+J%3BNagle%2C+Nicholas+J%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R%3BElander%2C+Richard+T&rft.aulast=Shekiro&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2012-09-01&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12010-012-9786-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-06-22 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Xylose; Fermentation; Xylan; Enzymes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9786-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data Clustering Reveals Climate Impacts on Local Wind Phenomena AN - 1038612909; 17101437 AB - The authors demonstrate the utility of k-means clustering for identifying relationships between winds at turbine heights and climate oscillations, thereby developing a method suited for predicting the impacts of climate change on wind resources. Fourteen years of data from an 80-m tower at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) in Colorado have been reduced to four dominant flow phenomena using k-means clustering. At this location, this method identifies two clusters of westerly inflow (strong and weak), another cluster of flow from the north, and one of flow from the south. Similar clusters are found for the data at all heights on the tower, and each follow distinct seasonal cycles. Time series of each cluster, as well as the mean wind speed at the NWTC, are retained for comparison with climate oscillations along with the local 500-hPa pressure gradient. The mean wind speed in the surface layer is strongly correlated with the local north-south pressure gradient. The frequency of strong westerly flow is also negatively correlated with the Nino-3.4 index, whereas weaker westerly winds are negatively correlated with the Pacific-North American pattern (PNA) and Arctic Oscillation (AO). Northerly winds at the NWTC did not strongly correlate with any of the investigated climate indices (AO, PNA, and Nino-3.4). These northerly winds occur more frequently in the summer months, suggesting that these winds are more influenced by local conditions than by mesoscale forcing. This method of identifying clusters in wind data allows objective identification of wind phenomena that may benefit the deployment of wind turbines, for example, in choosing combinations of wind speed and direction to investigate for turbine siting. JF - Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology AU - Clifton, Andrew AU - Lundquist, Julie K AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado Y1 - 2012/08// PY - 2012 DA - August 2012 SP - 1547 EP - 1557 PB - American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St. Boston MA 02108-3693 United States VL - 51 IS - 8 SN - 1558-8424, 1558-8424 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Mean winds KW - Climate change KW - Westerlies KW - Summer KW - Surface layers KW - Time series analysis KW - Utilities KW - Wind turbines KW - Wind speed KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Climatology KW - Arctic KW - Seasonal variations KW - Wind KW - Arctic Oscillation KW - Climates KW - Velocity KW - Local winds KW - Polar environments KW - PN, Arctic KW - Turbines KW - USA, Colorado KW - Wind energy KW - Resource development KW - Benefits KW - Wind data KW - Pressure gradients KW - Q2 09242:Observations and measurements at sea KW - SW 5040:Data acquisition KW - M2 551.583:Variations (551.583) KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - O 6020:Offshore Engineering and Operations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038612909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.atitle=Data+Clustering+Reveals+Climate+Impacts+on+Local+Wind+Phenomena&rft.au=Clifton%2C+Andrew%3BLundquist%2C+Julie+K&rft.aulast=Clifton&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Meteorology+and+Climatology&rft.issn=15588424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1175%2FJAMC-D-11-0227.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 38 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Wind speed; Turbines; Climate change; Westerlies; Surface layers; Climatology; Resource development; Pressure gradients; Wind data; Wind turbines; Mean winds; Arctic Oscillation; Local winds; Time series analysis; Sulfur dioxide; Wind energy; Velocity; Summer; Polar environments; Seasonal variations; Climates; Benefits; Arctic; Utilities; Wind; PN, Arctic; USA, Colorado DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0227.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of low-level impurities on low-temperature performance properties of biodiesel AN - 1038610660; 17094455 AB - Biodiesel, a renewable fuel consisting of fatty acid methyl esters and made from lipid feedstocks, has presented persistent cold weather operability problems that are not predicted using the standards tests common in the petroleum refining industry. These problems have been referred to as "precipitate formation above cloud point" and are known to be caused by minor impurities. This study investigates the fundamental causes of this issue. To this end, water, steryl glucosides (SG), and saturated monoglycerides (SMGs) were spiked into 100% biodiesel (B100) from various feedstock sources. Only SMGs were found to have a significant effect on the cloud point (CP) and final melting temperature (FMT) in four B100 samples with a range of CP. A large difference between FMT and CP indicates that a metastable phase of SMG forms initially and can transform into a more stable, less soluble polymorph over time or upon heating. This occurred for SMG content above approximately 0.2 to 0.3 wt%. For more saturated B100, a large FMT-CP difference was only observed at slower heating rates, suggesting a slower rate of phase transformation. beta -monostearin solubility (the most stable phase) in B100 was measured as a function of temperature. CP measurements suggest the metastable phase is as much as 10 times more soluble than the beta phase. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments suggest that the metastable phase is a hydrated alpha -gel. SMGs at concentrations above 0.24 wt% caused failure of the cold soak filtration test (ASTM D7501); however, at higher water concentrations ( similar to 1200 ppm), the effect of SMGs was significantly reduced. Addition of SGs had no effect on cold soak filterability. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Chupka, G M AU - Fouts, L AU - McCormick, R L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Golden; CO; USA 80401 Y1 - 2012/08// PY - 2012 DA - Aug 2012 SP - 8734 EP - 8742 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 9 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts KW - Lipids KW - Melting KW - Testing Procedures KW - Weather KW - Solubility KW - Temperature KW - Esters KW - Clouds KW - Filtration KW - Heating KW - Renewable energy KW - Fatty acids KW - Calorimetry KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038610660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Effect+of+low-level+impurities+on+low-temperature+performance+properties+of+biodiesel&rft.au=Chupka%2C+G+M%3BFouts%2C+L%3BMcCormick%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Chupka&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=8734&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee22565d LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Weather; Filtration; Renewable energy; Lipids; Fatty acids; Temperature; Calorimetry; Esters; Biofuels; Melting; Testing Procedures; Clouds; Solubility; Heating DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22565d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Techno-economics for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol by indirect gasification and mixed alcohol synthesis AN - 1776660611; PQ0002796028 AB - This techno-economic study investigates the production of ethanol and a higher alcohols coproduct by conversion of lignocelluosic biomass to syngas via indirect gasification followed by gas-to-liquids synthesis over a precommercial heterogeneous catalyst. The design specifies a processing capacity of 2,205 dry U.S. tons (2,000 dry metric tonnes) of woody biomass per day and incorporates 2012 research targets from NREL and other sources for technologies that will facilitate the future commercial production of cost-competitive ethanol. Major processes include indirect steam gasification, syngas cleanup, and catalytic synthesis of mixed alcohols, and ancillary processes include feed handling and drying, alcohol separation, steam and power generation, cooling water, and other operations support utilities. The design and analysis is based on research at NREL, other national laboratories, and The Dow Chemical Company, and it incorporates commercial technologies, process modeling using Aspen Plus software, equipment cost estimation, and discounted cash flow analysis. The design considers the economics of ethanol production assuming successful achievement of internal research targets and n super(th)-plant costs and financing. The design yields 83.8 gallons of ethanol and 10.1 gallons of higher-molecular-weight alcohols per U.S. ton of biomass feedstock. A rigorous sensitivity analysis captures uncertainties in costs and plant performance. copyright 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012 JF - Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy AU - Dutta, Abhijit AU - Talmadge, Michael AU - Hensley, Jesse AU - Worley, Matt AU - Dudgeon, Doug AU - Barton, David AU - Groenendijk, Peter AU - Ferrari, Daniela AU - Stears, Brien AU - Searcy, Erin AU - Wright, Christopher AU - Hess, JRichard AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO. Y1 - 2012/07// PY - 2012 DA - July 2012 SP - 182 EP - 190 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 1944-7442, 1944-7442 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1776660611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.atitle=Techno-economics+for+conversion+of+lignocellulosic+biomass+to+ethanol+by+indirect+gasification+and+mixed+alcohol+synthesis&rft.au=Dutta%2C+Abhijit%3BTalmadge%2C+Michael%3BHensley%2C+Jesse%3BWorley%2C+Matt%3BDudgeon%2C+Doug%3BBarton%2C+David%3BGroenendijk%2C+Peter%3BFerrari%2C+Daniela%3BStears%2C+Brien%3BSearcy%2C+Erin%3BWright%2C+Christopher%3BHess%2C+JRichard&rft.aulast=Dutta&rft.aufirst=Abhijit&rft.date=2012-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.issn=19447442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fep.10625 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-30 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.10625 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pyramidal light trapping and hydrogen passivation for high-efficiency heteroepitaxial (100) crystal silicon solar cells AN - 1034824540; 17013218 AB - We report growth and characterization of heteroepitaxial silicon solar cells on sapphire to demonstrate the promise of heteroepitaxial crystal silicon (c-Si) film photovoltaics on inexpensive substrates coated with chemically inert crystalline buffer layers such as Al sub(2)O sub(3). Our work isolates and addresses critical material and light-trapping issues that must be solved to develop film c-Si solar cells. Microscopy reveals high dislocation densities and other crystalline defects in the silicon layers, and these defects limit the unhydrogenated devices with a 1.5 mu m absorber layer to below 1% sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency. By exposing an identical device to atomic H from a remote plasma, we demonstrate a 5.2% efficient device with dramatically improved quantum efficiency (QE) and open circuit voltage, as the minority carrier diffusion length increases from similar to 1 mu m to similar to 4.5 mu m. When we incorporate both hydrogen passivation and top surface pyramidal light trapping we further improve the QE and achieve 6.8% efficiency. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Teplin, Charles W AU - Lee, Benjamin G AU - Fanning, Thomas R AU - Wang, Jim AU - Grover, Sachit AU - Hasoon, Falah AU - Bauer, Russell AU - Bornstein, Jon AU - Schroeter, Paul AU - Branz, Howard M AD - National Renewable Energy Lab; Golden; CO 80401; USA; , Charles.Teplin@NREL.gov Y1 - 2012/07// PY - 2012 DA - Jul 2012 SP - 8193 EP - 8198 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 8 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Silicon KW - Solar cells KW - Buffers KW - Microscopy KW - Diffusion KW - Hydrogen KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1034824540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Pyramidal+light+trapping+and+hydrogen+passivation+for+high-efficiency+heteroepitaxial+%28100%29+crystal+silicon+solar+cells&rft.au=Teplin%2C+Charles+W%3BLee%2C+Benjamin+G%3BFanning%2C+Thomas+R%3BWang%2C+Jim%3BGrover%2C+Sachit%3BHasoon%2C+Falah%3BBauer%2C+Russell%3BBornstein%2C+Jon%3BSchroeter%2C+Paul%3BBranz%2C+Howard+M&rft.aulast=Teplin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2012-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=8193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee21936k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-08-01 N1 - Number of references - 28 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Silicon; Buffers; Solar cells; Microscopy; Diffusion; Hydrogen DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee21936k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The subtle chemistry of colloidal, quantum-confined semiconductor nanostructures. AN - 1022378366; 22702739 AB - Nanoscale colloidal semiconductor structures with at least one dimension small enough to experience quantum confinement effects have captured the imagination and attention of scientists interested in controlling various chemical and photophysical processes. Aside from having desirable quantum confinement properties, colloidal nanocrystals are attractive because they are often synthesized in low-temperature, low-cost, and potentially scalable manners using simple benchtop reaction baths. Considerable progress in producing a variety of shapes, compositions, and complex structures has been achieved. However, there are challenges to overcome in order for these novel materials to reach their full potential and become new drivers for commercial applications. The final shape, composition, nanocrystal-ligand structure, and size can depend on a delicate interplay of precursors, surface ligands, and other compounds that may or may not participate in the reaction. In this Perspective, we discuss current efforts toward better understanding how the reactivity of the reagents can be used to produce unique and complex nanostructures. JF - ACS nano AU - Hughes, Barbara K AU - Luther, Joseph M AU - Beard, Matthew C AD - Chemical and Material Sciences, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. Y1 - 2012/06/26/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Jun 26 SP - 4573 EP - 4579 VL - 6 IS - 6 KW - Colloids KW - 0 KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Quantum Theory KW - Equipment Design KW - Equipment Failure Analysis KW - Particle Size KW - Crystallization -- methods KW - Molecular Conformation KW - Materials Testing KW - Macromolecular Substances -- chemistry KW - Surface Properties KW - Colloids -- chemistry KW - Semiconductors KW - Nanoparticles -- ultrastructure KW - Nanoparticles -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1022378366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACS+nano&rft.atitle=The+subtle+chemistry+of+colloidal%2C+quantum-confined+semiconductor+nanostructures.&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Barbara+K%3BLuther%2C+Joseph+M%3BBeard%2C+Matthew+C&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2012-06-26&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=4573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ACS+nano&rft.issn=1936-086X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fnn302286w LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2012-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2012-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn302286w ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Clarifying estimates of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation technologies: the LCA harmonization project T2 - 22nd Annual Meeting of the Europe branch of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC 2012) AN - 1313009752; 6154492 JF - 22nd Annual Meeting of the Europe branch of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC 2012) AU - Heath, G AU - Mann, M AU - Warner, E AU - Dolan, S AU - O'Donoughue, P AU - Hsu, D AU - Burkhardt, J AU - Whitaker, M AU - Fthenakis, V AU - Kim, H AU - Vorum, M AU - Sawyer, P AU - Cohen, E Y1 - 2012/05/20/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 May 20 KW - Life cycle KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Technology KW - Emissions KW - Electricity KW - Climatic changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313009752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=22nd+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Europe+branch+of+the+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC+2012%29&rft.atitle=Clarifying+estimates+of+life+cycle+greenhouse+gas+emissions+from+electricity+generation+technologies%3A+the+LCA+harmonization+project&rft.au=Heath%2C+G%3BMann%2C+M%3BWarner%2C+E%3BDolan%2C+S%3BO%27Donoughue%2C+P%3BHsu%2C+D%3BBurkhardt%2C+J%3BWhitaker%2C+M%3BFthenakis%2C+V%3BKim%2C+H%3BVorum%2C+M%3BSawyer%2C+P%3BCohen%2C+E&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2012-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=22nd+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Europe+branch+of+the+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC+2012%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://berlin.setac.eu/scientific_programme/download_the_abstracts_book/?contentid=582&pr_id=403&last=435 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biaxially-textured photovoltaic film crystal silicon on ion beam assisted deposition CaF sub(2) seed layers on glass AN - 1560108366; 20523256 AB - We grow biaxially textured heteroepitaxial crystal silicon (c-Si) films on display glass as a low-cost photovoltaic material. We first fabricate textured CaF sub(2) seed layers using ion-beam assisted deposition, then coat the CaF sub(2) with a thin, evaporated epitaxial Ge buffer and finally deposit heteroepitaxial silicon on the Ge. The silicon is grown by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition, a high-rate, scalable epitaxy technology. Electron and X-ray diffraction confirm the biaxial texture of the CaF sub(2) and epitaxial growth of the subsequent layers. Transmission electron microscopy reveals columnar silicon grains about 500 nm across. We fabricate a proof-of-concept epitaxial film c-Si solar cell with an open circuit voltage of 375 mV that is limited by minority carrier lifetime. JF - Energy & Environmental Science AU - Groves, James R AU - Li, Joel B AU - Clemens, Bruce M AU - LaSalvia, Vincenzo AU - Hasoon, Falah AU - Branz, Howard M AU - Teplin, Charles W AD - Stanford University; Stanford; CA; 94305; USA; , Charles.Teplin@NREL.gov Y1 - 2012/04// PY - 2012 DA - Apr 2012 SP - 6905 EP - 6908 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry, c/o Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Secaucus New Jersey 07096 2485 United States VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1754-5692, 1754-5692 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Silicon KW - Vapors KW - Buffers KW - Solar cells KW - Energy KW - Microscopy KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Grains KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1560108366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Biaxially-textured+photovoltaic+film+crystal+silicon+on+ion+beam+assisted+deposition+CaF+sub%282%29+seed+layers+on+glass&rft.au=Groves%2C+James+R%3BLi%2C+Joel+B%3BClemens%2C+Bruce+M%3BLaSalvia%2C+Vincenzo%3BHasoon%2C+Falah%3BBranz%2C+Howard+M%3BTeplin%2C+Charles+W&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2012-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=6905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+%26+Environmental+Science&rft.issn=17545692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fc2ee21097e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-09-01 N1 - Number of references - 23 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vapors; Silicon; Energy; Solar cells; Buffers; Microscopy; Grains; X-ray diffraction; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ee21097e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Doping and Co-Doping of Bandgap-Engineered ZnO Films for Solar Driven Hydrogen Production AN - 1372608096; 18029328 AB - The co-doped ZnO:(Al,N) and ZnO:(Ga,N) films were deposited by co-sputtering using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering on F-doped tinoxide-coated glass. We found that the ZnO:(Al,N) and ZnO:(Ga,N) films exhibited greatly enhanced crystallinity compared to ZnO:N films doped by pure N and grown at the same conditions. Furthermore, the ZnO:(Al,N) and ZnO:(Ga,N) films showed much higher N-incorporation than ZnO:N films grown with pure N doping. As a result, the ZnO:(Ga,N) films showed significantly higher photocurrents than ZnO:N doped only by N. The ZnO:(Cu,Ga) films were synthesized by RF magnetron sputtering in O2 gas ambient at room temperature and then annealed at 500 degree C in air for 2 hours. We found that the carrier concentration tuning does not significantly change the bandgap and crystallinity of the ZnO:Cu films. However, it can optimize the carrier concentration and thus dramatically enhance PEC response for the bandgap-reduced p-type ZnO thin films. JF - AIP Conference Proceedings AU - Shet, Sudhakar AU - Ravindra, Nuggehalli AU - Yan, Yanfa AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2012/03/15/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Mar 15 PB - American Institute of Physics, Ste. 1NO1 Melville NY 11747-4502 United States SN - 0094-243X, 0094-243X KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Conferences KW - Zinc KW - Temperature KW - Hydrogen KW - Technology KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1372608096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=AIP+Conference+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Doping+and+Co-Doping+of+Bandgap-Engineered+ZnO+Films+for+Solar+Driven+Hydrogen+Production&rft.au=Shet%2C+Sudhakar%3BRavindra%2C+Nuggehalli%3BYan%2C+Yanfa%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak&rft.aulast=Shet&rft.aufirst=Sudhakar&rft.date=2012-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIP+Conference+Proceedings&rft.issn=0094243X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Conferences; Zinc; Temperature; Hydrogen; Technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A heat transfer model for assessment of plant based roofing systems in summer conditions AN - 918048225; 16076372 AB - This paper presents a quasi-steady state heat and mass transfer green roof model that can be incorporated in different energy simulation software or calculation procedures. The model considers heat and mass transfer processes between the sky, plants, and substrate. This paper also presents new equations to calculate (1) substrate thermal conductivity for green roofs, (2) substrate resistance to calculate green roof soil evaporation, (3) and set of compiled stomatal resistance functions to calculate plants' transpiration. The model is validated with robust experimental data that consists of surface temperatures, conduction heat flux, convection heat flux, net radiation and evapotranspiration. The data was obtained from laboratory experiments using a new "Cold Plate" apparatus set in an environmental chamber. The validation shows that the model predicts the heat and mass transfer accurately, except that it tends to underestimate peak evapotranspiration rates. JF - Building and Environment AU - Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar AU - Srebric, Jelena AD - Department of Architectural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 222 Engineering Unit A, University Park, PA 16802-1417, United States, paulo.tabares@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/03// PY - 2012 DA - Mar 2012 SP - 310 EP - 323 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 49 SN - 0360-1323, 0360-1323 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Green roof KW - Heat and mass fluxes KW - Vegetated roof KW - Building energy KW - Evapotranspiration KW - Soil evaporation KW - Soil KW - Computer programs KW - Evaporation KW - thermal conductivity KW - summer KW - Simulation KW - green development KW - convection KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 05:Environmental Design & Urban Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/918048225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Building+and+Environment&rft.atitle=A+heat+transfer+model+for+assessment+of+plant+based+roofing+systems+in+summer+conditions&rft.au=Tabares-Velasco%2C+Paulo+Cesar%3BSrebric%2C+Jelena&rft.aulast=Tabares-Velasco&rft.aufirst=Paulo&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Building+and+Environment&rft.issn=03601323&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.buildenv.2011.07.019 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Computer programs; thermal conductivity; Evaporation; Simulation; summer; Evapotranspiration; convection; green development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.07.019 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure and function of the Clostridium thermocellum cellobiohydrolase A X1-module repeat: enhancement through stabilization of the CbhA complex AN - 1038307246; 16885274 AB - The efficient deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass remains a significant barrier to the commercialization of biofuels. Whereas most commercial plant cell-wall-degrading enzyme preparations used today are derived from fungi, the cellulosomal enzyme system from Clostridium thermocellum is an equally effective catalyst, yet of considerably different structure. A key difference between fungal enzyme systems and cellulosomal enzyme systems is that cellulosomal enzyme systems utilize self-assembled scaffolded multimodule enzymes to deconstruct biomass. Here, the possible function of the X1 modules in the complex multimodular enzyme system cellobiohydrolase A (CbhA) from C. thermocellum is explored. The crystal structures of the two X1 modules from C. thermocellum CbhA have been solved individually and together as one construct. The role that calcium may play in the stability of the X1 modules has also been investigated, as well as the possibility that they interact with each other. Furthermore, the results show that whereas the X1 modules do not seem to act as cellulose disruptors, they do aid in the thermostability of the CbhA complex, effectively allowing it to deconstruct cellulose at a higher temperature. JF - Acta Crystallographica Section D AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Alahuhta, Markus AU - Bomble, Yannick J AU - Xu, Qi AU - Baker, John O AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Lunin, Vladimir V AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2012/03/01/ PY - 2012 DA - 2012 Mar 01 SP - 292 EP - 299 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 68 IS - 3 SN - 0907-4449, 0907-4449 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Calcium KW - Fungi KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - Clostridium thermocellum KW - Biomass KW - cellobiohydrolase KW - Structure-function relationships KW - Crystal structure KW - Catalysts KW - Thermal stability KW - Biofuels KW - J 02330:Biochemistry KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1038307246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Crystallographica+Section+D&rft.atitle=Structure+and+function+of+the+Clostridium+thermocellum+cellobiohydrolase+A+X1-module+repeat%3A+enhancement+through+stabilization+of+the+CbhA+complex&rft.au=Brunecky%2C+Roman%3BAlahuhta%2C+Markus%3BBomble%2C+Yannick+J%3BXu%2C+Qi%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BLunin%2C+Vladimir+V&rft.aulast=Brunecky&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Crystallographica+Section+D&rft.issn=09074449&rft_id=info:doi/10.1107%2FS0907444912001680 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 0 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Calcium; Structure-function relationships; Fungi; Cellulose; Crystal structure; Enzymes; Thermal stability; Catalysts; Biomass; Biofuels; cellobiohydrolase; Clostridium thermocellum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444912001680 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic and Technical Analysis of a Reverse-Osmosis Water Desalination Plant Using DEEP-3.2 Software AN - 1017969190; 16736395 AB - Reverse osmosis (RO) is proved to be the most reliable, cost effective, and energy efficient in producing fresh water compared to other desalination technologies. It is the fastest-growing desalination technology with a greater number of installations around the world. The economic and technical performance of a medium-capacity RO desalination plant (2,000 m super(3)/day) proposed to be installed in Umm Qasr city south of Basra, Iraq is analyzed using DEEP-3.2 software created by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This port city is located on the Gulf shore and does not have any fresh water resources. The analysis shows that the cost of fresh water produced by this plant is US$0.986/m super(3) with a good quality of fresh water (279 ppm), which is a reasonable price for this remote area. The analysis also shows an increase in water production cost of about 12% at increased electricity price from 0.06 to 0.1 US$/kWh, 5.3% when the seawater salinity increased from 35,000 to 45,000 ppm, 2.5% when the seawater temperature decreased from 33 degree C to 20 degree C, and 0.71% when the interest rate increased from 0% to 5%. Pumping fresh water from the Basra purification plant (located 175 km north of Umm Qasr) is 22.16 times the cost and 236.7% poorer quality than the fresh water produced by the RO plant. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A AU - Al-Karaghouli, A AU - Kazmerski, L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA, Ali.Al-Qaraghuli@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/03// PY - 2012 DA - Mar 2012 SP - 318 EP - 328 PB - David Publishing Company, 1840 Industrial Drive Suite 160 Libertyville Illinois 60048 United States VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 2162-5298, 2162-5298 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Computer programs KW - ISW, Iraq KW - Salinity KW - Seawater KW - Desalination plants KW - Economics KW - Desalination KW - Technology KW - Urban areas KW - interest rates KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017969190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Engineering+A&rft.atitle=Economic+and+Technical+Analysis+of+a+Reverse-Osmosis+Water+Desalination+Plant+Using+DEEP-3.2+Software&rft.au=Al-Karaghouli%2C+A%3BKazmerski%2C+L&rft.aulast=Al-Karaghouli&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Engineering+A&rft.issn=21625298&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; Salinity; Desalination plants; Seawater; Economics; Desalination; interest rates; Urban areas; Technology; ISW, Iraq ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transmission electron microscopy of chalcogenide thin-film photovoltaic materials AN - 1777131690; 16085104 AB - Thin-film photovoltaic modules hold great promise to produce sustainable, low-cost, and clean electricity from sunlight, because thin-film solar cells can potentially be fabricated by economical, high-volume manufacturing techniques. However, to achieve high sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency, thin-film solar cells require sophisticated control on interface formation and materials qualities. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides unique methods to access this information at the nanometer scale. In this paper, we provide a brief review on TEM studies of the interfaces, microstructure, and lattice defects in chalcogenide thin-film photovoltaic materials. We analyze the potential effects of the observed interface formation and materials quality that could affect the performance of solar cells. JF - Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science AU - Yan, Yanfa AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA Yanfa.yan@utoledo.edu Y1 - 2012/02// PY - 2012 DA - February 2012 SP - 39 EP - 44 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 1359-0286, 1359-0286 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); METADEX (MD); Advanced Polymers Abstracts (EP); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Composites Industry Abstracts (ED); Engineered Materials Abstracts, Ceramics (EC) KW - TEM KW - Photovoltaic KW - Solar cell KW - CdTe KW - CIGS KW - Interface KW - Defect KW - Chalcogenides KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Solar cells KW - Economics KW - Conversion KW - Crystal defects KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Electron microscopy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777131690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Solid+State+%26+Materials+Science&rft.atitle=Transmission+electron+microscopy+of+chalcogenide+thin-film+photovoltaic+materials&rft.au=Yan%2C+Yanfa%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak+M&rft.aulast=Yan&rft.aufirst=Yanfa&rft.date=2012-02-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Solid+State+%26+Materials+Science&rft.issn=13590286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cossms.2011.10.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2011.10.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fermentation of Reactive-Membrane-Extracted and Ammonium-Hydroxide-Conditioned Dilute-Acid-Pretreated Corn Stover AN - 926905520; 16370623 AB - Acid-pretreated biomass contains various compounds (acetic acid, etc.) that are inhibitory to fermentative microorganisms. Removing or deactivating these compounds using detoxification methods such as overliming or ammonium hydroxide conditioning (AHC) improves sugar-to-ethanol yields. In this study, we treated the liquor fraction of dilute-acid-pretreated corn stover using AHC and a new reactive membrane extraction technique, both separately and in combination, and then the sugars in the treated liquors were fermented to ethanol with the glucose-xylose-fermenting bacterium, Zymomonas mobilis 8b. We performed reactive extraction with mixtures of octanol/Alamine 336 or oleyl alcohol/Alamine 336. The best ethanol yields and rates were achieved for oleyl alcohol-extracted hydrolysates followed by AHC hydrolysates, while octanol-extracted hydrolysates were unfermentable because highly toxic octanol was found in the hydrolysate. Adding olive oil significantly improved yields for octanol-extracted hydrolysate. Additional work is underway to determine if this technology is a cost-effective alternative to traditional hydrolysate conditioning processes. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Grzenia, David L AU - Wickramasinghe, SRanil AU - Schell, Daniel J AD - Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-2370, USA, dan.schell@nrel.gov Y1 - 2012/01// PY - 2012 DA - Jan 2012 SP - 470 EP - 478 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 166 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Detoxification KW - Olea KW - Sugar KW - Ammonium KW - Fermentation KW - Olive oil KW - Biomass KW - Acetic acid KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - octanol KW - Microorganisms KW - Hydrolysates KW - Ethanol KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/926905520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Fermentation+of+Reactive-Membrane-Extracted+and+Ammonium-Hydroxide-Conditioned+Dilute-Acid-Pretreated+Corn+Stover&rft.au=Grzenia%2C+David+L%3BWickramasinghe%2C+SRanil%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J&rft.aulast=Grzenia&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12010-011-9442-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Detoxification; Ammonium; Sugar; Fermentation; octanol; Microorganisms; Biomass; Olive oil; Acetic acid; Hydrolysates; Ethanol; Olea; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-011-9442-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimate of geothermal energy resource in major U.S. sedimentary basins AN - 1420506364; 2013-062674 AB - Recently, there has been renewed interest in recovering the geothermal energy stored in sedimentary basins for electricity production. Because most sedimentary basins have been explored for oil and gas, well logs, temperatures at depth, and reservoir properties are known. This reduces exploration risk and allows development of geologic exploration models for each basin as well as a relative assessment of geologic risk elements for each play. This study estimates the magnitude of recoverable geothermal energy from fifteen major known US sedimentary basins and ranks these basins relative to their potential. The total available thermal resource for each basin was estimated using the volumetric heat-in-place method originally proposed by Muffler(1) (USGS), and a recovery factor was used to estimate the size of the recoverable thermal resource. Total sedimentary thickness maps, stratigraphic columns, cross sections, and temperature gradient Information was gathered for each basin from published articles, USGS reports, and state geological survey reports. When published data was insufficient, thermal gradients and reservoir properties were derived from oil and gas well logs obtained on oil and gas commission websites. Basin stratigraphy, structural history, and groundwater circulation patterns were studied in order to develop a model that estimates resource size, temperature distribution and a probable recovery factor. The resource estimate will be used to develop an alternative sedimentary basin supply curve. (1) Muffler, L.P.J., and Cataldi, R., 1978, Methods for regional assessment of geothermal resources: Geothermics, v. 7, p. 53-89. JF - Abstracts: Annual Meeting - American Association of Petroleum Geologists AU - Porro, Colleen AU - Augustine, Chad AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2012 PY - 2012 DA - 2012 EP - unpaginated PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, OK VL - 2012 KW - United States KW - well logs KW - sedimentary basins KW - petroleum KW - mapping KW - recovery KW - temperature KW - models KW - geothermal energy KW - geothermal exploration KW - potential deposits KW - energy sources KW - heat flow KW - basins KW - risk assessment KW - reservoir properties KW - geothermal gradient KW - stratigraphic columns KW - cross sections KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1420506364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts%3A+Annual+Meeting+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.atitle=Estimate+of+geothermal+energy+resource+in+major+U.S.+sedimentary+basins&rft.au=Porro%2C+Colleen%3BAugustine%2C+Chad%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Porro&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=2012&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts%3A+Annual+Meeting+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2012/90142ace/abstracts/por.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2012 AAPG annual convention & exhibition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 1 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2013-08-15 N1 - CODEN - #06983 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basins; cross sections; energy sources; geothermal energy; geothermal exploration; geothermal gradient; heat flow; mapping; models; petroleum; potential deposits; recovery; reservoir properties; risk assessment; sedimentary basins; stratigraphic columns; temperature; United States; well logs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved ethanol yield and reduced minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) by modifying low severity dilute acid pretreatment with deacetylation and mechanical refining: 2) Techno-economic analysis AN - 1328513013; 17391822 AB - Background: Our companion paper discussed the yield benefits achieved by integrating deacetylation, mechanical refining, and washing with low acid and low temperature pretreatment. To evaluate the impact of the modified process on the economic feasibility, a techno-economic analysis (TEA) was performed based on the experimental data presented in the companion paper. Results: The cost benefits of dilute acid pretreatment technology combined with the process alternatives of deacetylation, mechanical refining, and pretreated solids washing were evaluated using cost benefit analysis within a conceptual modeling framework. Control cases were pretreated at much lower acid loadings and temperatures than used those in the NREL 2011 design case, resulting in much lower annual ethanol production. Therefore, the minimum ethanol selling prices (MESP) of the control cases were $0.41-$0.77 higher than the $2.15/gallon MESP of the design case. This increment is highly dependent on the carbohydrate content in the corn stover. However, if pretreatment was employed with either deacetylation or mechanical refining, the MESPs were reduced by $0.23-$0.30/gallon. Combing both steps could lower the MESP further by $0.44 ~ $0.54. Washing of the pretreated solids could also greatly improve the final ethanol yields. However, the large capital cost of the solid-liquid separation unit negatively influences the process economics. Finally, sensitivity analysis was performed to study the effect of the cost of the pretreatment reactor and the energy input for mechanical refining. A 50% cost reduction in the pretreatment reactor cost reduced the MESP of the entire conversion process by $0.11-$0.14/gallon, while a 10-fold increase in energy input for mechanical refining will increase the MESP by $0.07/gallon. Conclusion: Deacetylation and mechanical refining process options combined with low acid, low severity pretreatments show improvements in ethanol yields and calculated MESP for cellulosic ethanol production. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Tao, Ling AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Aden, Andy AU - Kuhn, Eric AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Tucker, Melvin AU - Franden, Mary Ann A AU - Zhang, Min AU - Johnson, David K AU - Dowe, Nancy AU - Elander, Richard T AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA Y1 - 2012 PY - 2012 DA - 2012 SP - 69 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Techno-economic analysis KW - Biofuel KW - Integrated process KW - Pretreatment KW - Mechanical refining KW - and Deacetylation KW - Temperature effects KW - Fuel technology KW - Data processing KW - Deacetylation KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Energy KW - Corn KW - Economics KW - Capital costs KW - Carbohydrates KW - Tetraethylammonium KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1328513013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Improved+ethanol+yield+and+reduced+minimum+ethanol+selling+price+%28MESP%29+by+modifying+low+severity+dilute+acid+pretreatment+with+deacetylation+and+mechanical+refining%3A+2%29+Techno-economic+analysis&rft.au=Tao%2C+Ling%3BChen%2C+Xiaowen%3BAden%2C+Andy%3BKuhn%2C+Eric%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BTucker%2C+Melvin%3BFranden%2C+Mary+Ann+A%3BZhang%2C+Min%3BJohnson%2C+David+K%3BDowe%2C+Nancy%3BElander%2C+Richard+T&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=Ling&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-5-69 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/5/1/69 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-04-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Data processing; Energy; Economics; Carbohydrates; Deacetylation; Tetraethylammonium; Biofuels; Ethanol; Fuel technology; Sensitivity analysis; Corn; Capital costs; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-5-69 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recoverable resource estimate of identified onshore geopressured geothermal energy in Texas and Louisiana AN - 1320158324; 2013-029593 AB - Geopressured geothermal reservoirs are characterized by high temperatures and high pressures with correspondingly large quantities of dissolved methane. Due to these characteristics, the reservoirs provide two sources of energy: chemical energy from the recovered methane, and thermal energy from the recovered fluid at temperatures high enough to operate a binary power plant for electricity production. Formations with the greatest potential for recoverable energy are located in the gulf coastal region of Texas and Louisiana where significantly overpressured and hot formations are abundant. This study estimates the total recoverable onshore geopressured geothermal resource for identified sites in Texas and Louisiana. In this study a geopressured geothermal resource is defined as a brine reservoir with fluid temperature greater than 212 degrees F and a pressure gradient greater than 0.7 psi/ft. First, the total thermal resource in place for the geopressured regions considered was estimated based on the temperature and volume of the geopressured reservoir fluid. Geopressured reservoir fluid volume was estimated utilizing data on the depth to geopressure, average porosity, and sand and shale thickness collected from multiple sources on geopressured reservoirs in the Gulf Coast. Temperature was estimated using over 6,000 corrected bottomhole temperature measurements from wells located in the identified areas and interpolated to the midpoint depth of the geopressured reservoir interval. Next, fluid recovery factors for the geopressured reservoirs were determined. The recovery factors in the Frio and Wilcox Reservoirs in Texas were based on multiphase flow reservoir modeling and a minimum flow rate of 10,000 bpd. The recovery factors in Louisiana were based on a single well radial flow model and a maximum reservoir pressure decline to maintain unaided flow. Fluid recovery factors from the sandstone layers range from less than 1% to 15% depending on thickness, permeability, reservoir continuity, and fluid overpressure. Using these recovery factors for each region, the total recoverable resource and the resource temperature distribution is calculated. The study identified regions with high temperatures and recoverability factors corresponding to high fluid and thermal flow rates that may be developed first for energy production. JF - Abstracts: Annual Meeting - American Association of Petroleum Geologists AU - Esposito, Ariel AU - Augustine, Chad AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2012 PY - 2012 DA - 2012 EP - unpaginated PB - American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, OK VL - 2012 KW - United States KW - geopressure KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - power plants KW - fluid phase KW - downhole methods KW - temperature KW - reservoir rocks KW - Cenozoic KW - thickness KW - Louisiana KW - North America KW - methane KW - Frio Formation KW - Texas KW - Paleogene KW - alkanes KW - Wilcox Formation KW - Gulf Coastal Plain KW - recovery KW - porosity KW - measurement KW - geothermal energy KW - Tertiary KW - organic compounds KW - geothermal reservoirs KW - volume KW - hydrocarbons KW - Oligocene KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1320158324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts%3A+Annual+Meeting+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.atitle=Recoverable+resource+estimate+of+identified+onshore+geopressured+geothermal+energy+in+Texas+and+Louisiana&rft.au=Esposito%2C+Ariel%3BAugustine%2C+Chad%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=2012&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts%3A+Annual+Meeting+-+American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/abstracts/html/2012/90142ace/abstracts/esp.htm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 2012 AAPG annual convention and exhibition N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2013, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States N1 - Date revised - 2013-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OK N1 - Last updated - 2013-03-28 N1 - CODEN - #06983 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Cenozoic; downhole methods; fluid phase; Frio Formation; geopressure; geothermal energy; geothermal reservoirs; Gulf Coastal Plain; hydrocarbons; Louisiana; measurement; methane; North America; Oligocene; organic compounds; Paleogene; porosity; power plants; recovery; reservoir rocks; temperature; Tertiary; Texas; thickness; United States; volume; Wilcox Formation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved ethanol yield and reduced Minimum Ethanol Selling Price (MESP) by modifying low severity dilute acid pretreatment with deacetylation and mechanical refining: 1) Experimental AN - 1257789458; 17463312 AB - Background: Historically, acid pretreatment technology for the production of bio-ethanol from corn stover has required severe conditions to overcome biomass recalcitrance. However, the high usage of acid and steam at severe pretreatment conditions hinders the economic feasibility of the ethanol production from biomass. In addition, the amount of acetate and furfural produced during harsh pretreatment is in the range that strongly inhibits cell growth and impedes ethanol fermentation. The current work addresses these issues through pretreatment with lower acid concentrations and temperatures incorporated with deacetylation and mechanical refining. Results: The results showed that deacetylation with 0.1 M NaOH before acid pretreatment improved the monomeric xylose yield in pretreatment by up to 20% while keeping the furfural yield under 2%. Deacetylation also improved the glucose yield by 10% and the xylose yield by 20% during low solids enzymatic hydrolysis. Mechanical refining using a PFI mill further improved sugar yields during both low- and high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis. Mechanical refining also allowed enzyme loadings to be reduced while maintaining high yields. Deacetylation and mechanical refining are shown to assist in achieving 90% cellulose yield in high-solids (20%) enzymatic hydrolysis. When fermentations were performed under pH control to evaluate the effect of deacetylation and mechanical refining on the ethanol yields, glucose and xylose utilizations over 90% and ethanol yields over 90% were achieved. Overall ethanol yields were calculated based on experimental results for the base case and modified cases. One modified case that integrated deacetylation, mechanical refining, and washing was estimated to produce 88 gallons of ethanol per ton of biomass. Conclusion: The current work developed a novel bio-ethanol process that features pretreatment with lower acid concentrations and temperatures incorporated with deacetylation and mechanical refining. The new process shows improved overall ethanol yields compared to traditional dilute acid pretreatment. The experimental results from this work support the techno-economic analysis and calculation of Minimum Ethanol Selling Price (MESP) detailed in our companion paper. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Tao, Ling AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Mohaghaghi, Ali AU - Decker, Steve AU - Wang, Wei AU - Smith, Holly AU - Park, Sunkyu AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Tucker, Melvin AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO, 80127, USA Y1 - 2012 PY - 2012 DA - 2012 SP - 60 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bioethanol KW - Pretreatment KW - Enzymatic hydrolysis KW - Fermentation KW - Deacetylation KW - Mechanical refining KW - PFI mill KW - Temperature effects KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Steam KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Acetic acid KW - Hydrolysis KW - Economics KW - pH effects KW - Biofuels KW - Furfural KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1257789458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Improved+ethanol+yield+and+reduced+Minimum+Ethanol+Selling+Price+%28MESP%29+by+modifying+low+severity+dilute+acid+pretreatment+with+deacetylation+and+mechanical+refining%3A+1%29+Experimental&rft.au=Chen%2C+Xiaowen%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BShekiro%2C+Joseph%3BMohaghaghi%2C+Ali%3BDecker%2C+Steve%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BSmith%2C+Holly%3BPark%2C+Sunkyu%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BTucker%2C+Melvin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Xiaowen&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-5-60 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/5/1/60 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-12-01 N1 - Number of references - 27 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Sugar; Xylose; Fermentation; Cellulose; Steam; Glucose; Enzymes; Deacetylation; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Acetic acid; Economics; pH effects; Biofuels; Ethanol; Furfural DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-5-60 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impacts of deacetylation prior to dilute acid pretreatment on the bioethanol process AN - 1028037896; 16899499 AB - Background: Dilute acid pretreatment is a promising pretreatment technology for the biochemical production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. During dilute acid pretreatment, xylan depolymerizes to form soluble xylose monomers and oligomers. Because the xylan found in nature is highly acetylated, the formation of xylose monomers requires two steps: 1) cleavage of the xylosidic bonds, and 2) cleavage of covalently bonded acetyl ester groups. Results: In this study, we show that the latter may be the rate limiting step for xylose monomer formation. Furthermore, acetyl groups are also found to be a cause of biomass recalcitrance and hydrolyzate toxicity. While the removal of acetyl groups from native corn stover by alkaline de-esterification prior to pretreatment improves overall process yields, the exact impact is highly dependent on the corn stover variety in use. Xylose monomer yields in pretreatment generally increases by greater than 10%. Compared to pretreated corn stover controls, the deacetylated corn stover feedstock is approximately 20% more digestible after pretreatment. Finally, by lowering hydrolyzate toxicity, xylose utilization and ethanol yields are further improved during fermentation by roughly 10% and 7%, respectively. In this study, several varieties of corn stover lots were investigated to test the robustness of the deacetylation-pretreatment-saccharification-fermentation process. Conclusions: Deacetylation shows significant improvement on glucose and xylose yields during pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, but it also reduces hydrolyzate toxicity during fermentation, thereby improving ethanol yields and titer. The magnitude of effect is dependent on the selected corn stover variety, with several varieties achieving improvements of greater than 10% xylose yield in pretreatment, 20% glucose yield in low solids enzymatic hydrolysis and 7% overall ethanol yield. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Franden, Mary Ann AU - Wang, Wei AU - Zhang, Min AU - Kuhn, Erik AU - Johnson, David K AU - Tucker, Melvin P AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80127, USA Y1 - 2012 PY - 2012 DA - 2012 SP - 8 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Bioethanol KW - Pretreatment KW - Enzymatic Hydrolysis KW - Fermentation KW - Deacetylation KW - Xylose KW - Glucose KW - Toxicity KW - Biomass KW - Esters KW - Hydrolysis KW - Monomers KW - Xylan KW - Corn KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1028037896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=The+impacts+of+deacetylation+prior+to+dilute+acid+pretreatment+on+the+bioethanol+process&rft.au=Chen%2C+Xiaowen%3BShekiro%2C+Joseph%3BFranden%2C+Mary+Ann%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BZhang%2C+Min%3BKuhn%2C+Erik%3BJohnson%2C+David+K%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Xiaowen&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-5-8 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/5/1/8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 30 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monomers; Xylose; Xylan; Fermentation; Glucose; Deacetylation; Toxicity; Esters; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Biofuels; Ethanol; Corn; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-5-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DOES THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OWN THE PORE SPACE UNDER PRIVATE LANDS IN THE WEST? IMPLICATIONS OF THE STOCK-RAISING HOMESTEAD ACT OF 1916 FOR GEOLOGIC STORAGE OF CARBON DIOXIDE AN - 1028036649; 16930831 AB - This Article establishes that pursuant to the mineral reservation contained in the Stock-Raising Homestead Act of 1916 (SRHA), as well as U.S. Supreme Court jurisprudence that has further defined the scope of that reservation, the federal government likely holds title to some 70 million acres of subsurface pore space located under private land in the West. In addressing the issue of pore space ownership, scholars and regulators have focused on the question of who owns the pore space when the mineral estate has been severed from the surface estate. This approach, however, overlooks the critical fact that for the approximately 70 million acres of land patented under the SRHA, the United States government held the original fee simple absolute, and conveyed the land while retaining "all the coal and other minerals in the lands." In 1983 in Watt v. Western Nuclear, Inc., the Supreme Court delineated a four-part test for determining if something falls within the scope of the SRHA's mineral reservation--a test that was farther explicated by the Court's decision in 2004 in BedRoc Limited, Inc. v. United States. This Article analyzes this jurisprudence vis-a-vis the question of whether or not pore space falls within the scope of the SRHA's mineral reservation. Based on a detailed analysis of the history of the SRHA and relevant jurisprudence by the Supreme Court and other federal and state courts, we conclude that the federal government likely owns the pore space for those lands patented under the SRHA. This conclusion has far reaching policy implications. For instance, states that have statutorily determined that ownership of the pore space is vested in the surface owner are now confronted by the prospect that these statutes are preempted by federal law when dealing with land originally conveyed by the SRHA. Moreover, given the significant acreage covered by the SRHA, federal ownership of pore space could arguably reduce the transaction costs associated with project development, thereby facilitating the rapid scaling of commercial geologic carbon storage projects. JF - Environmental Law (Portland) AU - Doran, K L AU - Cifor, A M AD - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the University of Colorado at Boulder (UCB), USA Y1 - 2012///0, PY - 2012 DA - 0, 2012 SP - 527 EP - 548 PB - Northwestern School of Law of Lewis & Clark College, 10015 S.W. Terwilliger Blvd. Portland OR 97219 USA, [mailto:envtl@lclark.edu], [URL:http://www.lclark.edu/~envtl/] VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0046-2276, 0046-2276 KW - Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Carbon sequestration KW - USA KW - courts KW - Geology KW - Coal KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Minerals KW - Scaling KW - Private lands KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1028036649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Law+%28Portland%29&rft.atitle=DOES+THE+FEDERAL+GOVERNMENT+OWN+THE+PORE+SPACE+UNDER+PRIVATE+LANDS+IN+THE+WEST%3F+IMPLICATIONS+OF+THE+STOCK-RAISING+HOMESTEAD+ACT+OF+1916+FOR+GEOLOGIC+STORAGE+OF+CARBON+DIOXIDE&rft.au=Doran%2C+K+L%3BCifor%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Doran&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Law+%28Portland%29&rft.issn=00462276&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon sequestration; courts; Geology; Coal; Carbon dioxide; Scaling; Minerals; Private lands; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tracking dynamics of plant biomass composting by changes in substrate structure, microbial community, and enzyme activity AN - 1028033491; 16899491 AB - Background: Understanding the dynamics of the microbial communities that, along with their secreted enzymes, are involved in the natural process of biomass composting may hold the key to breaking the major bottleneck in biomass-to-biofuels conversion technology, which is the still-costly deconstruction of polymeric biomass carbohydrates to fermentable sugars. However, the complexity of both the structure of plant biomass and its counterpart microbial degradation communities makes it difficult to investigate the composting process. Results: In this study, a composter was set up with a mix of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) wood-chips and mown lawn grass clippings (85:15 in dry-weight) and used as a model system. The microbial rDNA abundance data obtained from analyzing weekly-withdrawn composted samples suggested population-shifts from bacteria-dominated to fungus-dominated communities. Further analyses by an array of optical microscopic, transcriptional and enzyme-activity techniques yielded correlated results, suggesting that such population shifts occurred along with early removal of hemicellulose followed by attack on the consequently uncovered cellulose as the composting progressed. Conclusion: The observed shifts in dominance by representative microbial groups, along with the observed different patterns in the gene expression and enzymatic activities between cellulases, hemicellulases, and ligninases during the composting process, provide new perspectives for biomass-derived biotechnology such as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) and solid-state fermentation for the production of cellulolytic enzymes and biofuels. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Wei, Hui AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Baker, John O AU - Harris, Michelle AU - Luo, Yonghua AU - Xu, Qi AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Ding, Shi-You AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2012 PY - 2012 DA - 2012 SP - 20 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Compost KW - Plant biomass KW - Yellow poplar KW - Microbial community KW - Microbial rDNA abundance KW - Gene expression KW - Enzymatic activity KW - Cellulase KW - Hemicellulose KW - Ligninase KW - Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) KW - Solid-state fermentation KW - Biofuels KW - Cellulolytic enzymes KW - Fuel technology KW - Biodegradation KW - Grasses KW - Fermentation KW - Cellulose KW - Recycling KW - Waste management KW - Carbohydrates KW - Composting KW - Sugar KW - Data processing KW - Liriodendron tulipifera KW - Enzymes KW - Transcription KW - Microbial activity KW - ligninase KW - Biomass KW - Dominance KW - hemicellulose KW - Microorganisms KW - Plant communities KW - Biotechnology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - A 01390:Forestry KW - K 03310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1028033491?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Tracking+dynamics+of+plant+biomass+composting+by+changes+in+substrate+structure%2C+microbial+community%2C+and+enzyme+activity&rft.au=Wei%2C+Hui%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BHarris%2C+Michelle%3BLuo%2C+Yonghua%3BXu%2C+Qi%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BDing%2C+Shi-You&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Hui&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-5-20 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/5/1/20 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 58 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cellulolytic enzymes; Sugar; Data processing; Biodegradation; Fermentation; Grasses; Cellulose; Transcription; ligninase; Biomass; Cellulase; hemicellulose; Dominance; Gene expression; Plant communities; Microorganisms; Enzymatic activity; Carbohydrates; Composting; Biofuels; Fuel technology; Enzymes; Microbial activity; Plant biomass; Recycling; Biotechnology; Waste management; Liriodendron tulipifera DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-5-20 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Process and technoeconomic analysis of leading pretreatment technologies for lignocellulosic ethanol production using switchgrass AN - 911154751; 16067487 AB - Six biomass pretreatment processes to convert switchgrass to fermentable sugars and ultimately to cellulosic ethanol are compared on a consistent basis in this technoeconomic analysis. The six pretreatment processes are ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), dilute acid (DA), lime, liquid hot water (LHW), soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA), and sulfur dioxide-impregnated steam explosion (SO2). Each pretreatment process is modeled in the framework of an existing biochemical design model so that systematic variations of process-related changes are consistently captured. The pretreatment area process design and simulation are based on the research data generated within the Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation (CAFI) 3 project. Overall ethanol production, total capital investment, and minimum ethanol selling price (MESP) are reported along with selected sensitivity analysis. The results show limited differentiation between the projected economic performances of the pretreatment options, except for processes that exhibit significantly lower monomer sugar and resulting ethanol yields. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Tao, Ling AU - Aden, Andy AU - Elander, Richard T AU - Pallapolu, Venkata Ramesh AU - Lee, Y Y AU - Garlock, Rebecca J AU - Balan, Venkatesh AU - Dale, Bruce E AU - Kim, Youngmi AU - Mosier, Nathan S AU - Ladisch, Michael R AU - Falls, Matthew AU - Holtzapple, Mark T AU - Sierra, Rocio AU - Shi, Jian AU - Ebrik, Mirvat A AU - Redmond, Tim AU - Yang, Bin AU - Wyman, Charles E AU - Hames, Bonnie AU - Thomas, Steve AU - Warner, Ryan E AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - Dec 2011 SP - 11105 EP - 11114 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 102 IS - 24 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sulfur KW - Sugar KW - Data processing KW - Biochemistry KW - Ammonia KW - Steam KW - Biomass KW - Explosions KW - Monomers KW - Differentiation KW - Fibers KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Dopamine KW - sensitivity analysis KW - Economics KW - Technology KW - Ethanol KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/911154751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Process+and+technoeconomic+analysis+of+leading+pretreatment+technologies+for+lignocellulosic+ethanol+production+using+switchgrass&rft.au=Tao%2C+Ling%3BAden%2C+Andy%3BElander%2C+Richard+T%3BPallapolu%2C+Venkata+Ramesh%3BLee%2C+Y+Y%3BGarlock%2C+Rebecca+J%3BBalan%2C+Venkatesh%3BDale%2C+Bruce+E%3BKim%2C+Youngmi%3BMosier%2C+Nathan+S%3BLadisch%2C+Michael+R%3BFalls%2C+Matthew%3BHoltzapple%2C+Mark+T%3BSierra%2C+Rocio%3BShi%2C+Jian%3BEbrik%2C+Mirvat+A%3BRedmond%2C+Tim%3BYang%2C+Bin%3BWyman%2C+Charles+E%3BHames%2C+Bonnie%3BThomas%2C+Steve%3BWarner%2C+Ryan+E&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=Ling&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=11105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2011.07.051 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852411010017?_rdoc=9&_fmt=high&_origin=browse&_srch=hubEid(1-s2.0-S0960852411X00226)&_docanchor=&_ct=34&_refLink=Y&_zone=rslt_list_item&md5=0784736298f3828a3dedd88cb6b937ce LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfur; Monomers; Fibers; Differentiation; Sugar; Dopamine; Data processing; Ammonia; Economics; Steam; Biomass; Ethanol; Sulfur dioxide; Biochemistry; sensitivity analysis; Explosions; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.051 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface and ultrastructural characterization of raw and pretreated switchgrass AN - 907192288; 16050925 AB - The US Department of Energy-funded Biomass Refining CAFI (Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation) project has developed leading pretreatment technologies for application to switchgrass and has evaluated their effectiveness in recovering sugars from the coupled operations of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Key chemical and physical characteristics have been determined for pretreated switchgrass samples. Several analytical microscopy approaches utilizing instruments in the Biomass Surface Characterization Laboratory (BSCL) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have been applied to untreated and CAFI-pretreated switchgrass samples. The results of this work have shown that each of the CAFI pretreatment approaches on switchgrass result in different structural impacts at the plant tissue, cellular, and cell wall levels. Some of these structural changes can be related to changes in chemical composition upon pretreatment. There are also apparently different structural mechanisms that are responsible for achieving the highest enzymatic hydrolysis sugar yields. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Elander, Richard T AU - Pallapolu, Venkata Ramesh AU - Lee, Y Y AU - Garlock, Rebecca J AU - Balan, Venkatesh AU - Dale, Bruce E AU - Kim, Youngmi AU - Mosier, Nathan S AU - Ladisch, Michael R AU - Falls, Matthew AU - Holtzapple, Mark T AU - Sierra-Ramirez, Rocio AU - Shi, Jian AU - Ebrik, Mirvat A AU - Redmond, Tim AU - Yang, Bin AU - Wyman, Charles E AU - Hames, Bonnie AU - Thomas, Steve AU - Warner, Ryan E AD - Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA, richard.elander@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - Dec 2011 SP - 11097 EP - 11104 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 102 IS - 24 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Pretreatment KW - Enzymatic hydrolysis KW - Biomass KW - Switchgrass KW - Microscopy KW - Sugar KW - Physical characteristics KW - Chemical composition KW - Hydrolysis KW - Renewable energy KW - Energy KW - innovations KW - Technology KW - Innovations KW - Cell walls KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907192288?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Surface+and+ultrastructural+characterization+of+raw+and+pretreated+switchgrass&rft.au=Donohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BElander%2C+Richard+T%3BPallapolu%2C+Venkata+Ramesh%3BLee%2C+Y+Y%3BGarlock%2C+Rebecca+J%3BBalan%2C+Venkatesh%3BDale%2C+Bruce+E%3BKim%2C+Youngmi%3BMosier%2C+Nathan+S%3BLadisch%2C+Michael+R%3BFalls%2C+Matthew%3BHoltzapple%2C+Mark+T%3BSierra-Ramirez%2C+Rocio%3BShi%2C+Jian%3BEbrik%2C+Mirvat+A%3BRedmond%2C+Tim%3BYang%2C+Bin%3BWyman%2C+Charles+E%3BHames%2C+Bonnie%3BThomas%2C+Steve%3BWarner%2C+Ryan+E&rft.aulast=Donohoe&rft.aufirst=Bryon&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=11097&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2011.03.092 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Physical characteristics; Energy; Microscopy; Biomass; Hydrolysis; Cell walls; Chemical composition; Renewable energy; innovations; Innovations; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.092 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ability of battery second use strategies to impact plug-in electric vehicle prices and serve utility energy storage applications AN - 1777102075; 15795348 AB - The high cost of lithium ion batteries is a major impediment to the increased market share of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and full electric vehicles (EVs). The reuse of PHEV/EV propulsion batteries in second use applications following the end of their automotive service life may have the potential to offset the high initial cost of these batteries today. Accurately assessing the value of such a strategy is exceedingly complex and entails many uncertainties. This paper takes a first step toward such an assessment by estimating the impact of battery second use on the initial cost of PHEV/EV batteries to automotive consumers and exploring the potential for grid-based energy storage applications to serve as a market for used PHEV/EV batteries. It is found that although battery second use is not expected to significantly affect today's PHEV/EV prices, it has the potential to become a common component of future automotive battery life cycles and potentially to transform markets in need of cost-effective energy storage. Based on these findings, the authors advise further investigation focused on forecasting long-term battery degradation and analyzing second-use applications in more detail. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Neubauer, Jeremy AU - Pesaran, Ahmad AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA jeremy.neubauer@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/12/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Dec 01 SP - 10351 EP - 10358 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 196 IS - 23 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Lithium ion KW - Battery KW - Second use KW - Energy storage KW - Plug-in hybrid vehicle KW - Electric vehicle KW - Automotive components KW - Electric batteries KW - Marketing KW - Markets KW - Crashworthiness KW - Service life UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777102075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=The+ability+of+battery+second+use+strategies+to+impact+plug-in+electric+vehicle+prices+and+serve+utility+energy+storage+applications&rft.au=Neubauer%2C+Jeremy%3BPesaran%2C+Ahmad&rft.aulast=Neubauer&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=10351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2011.06.053 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.06.053 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of high-temperature exposure of photovoltaic modules AN - 1020838686; 16702409 AB - Keywords: thermal endurance; long-term degradation; qualification tests ABSTRACT Photovoltaic (PV) modules operate at temperatures above ambient owing to the thermal energy of sunlight. The operating temperature primarily depends on the ambient temperature, incident sunlight, mounting configuration, packaging configuration, and wind speed. In this paper, the cumulative thermal degradation is modeled to follow Arrhenius behavior. The data are analyzed to determine the constant temperature that would give average aging equivalent to the variable temperatures observed in the field. These equivalent temperatures are calculated for various locations using six configurations, providing a technical basis for defining accelerated thermal-endurance and -degradation testing. This data may also be useful as a starting point for studies of the combined effects of elevated temperature and other factors such as UV, moisture, and mechanical stress. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Anonymous AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, sarah.kurtz@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/12// PY - 2011 DA - Dec 2011 SP - 954 EP - 965 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 19 IS - 8 SN - 1099-159X, 1099-159X KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Degradation KW - solar cells KW - Temperature KW - Sunlight KW - Stress KW - Velocity KW - aging KW - Packaging KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020838686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+high-temperature+exposure+of+photovoltaic+modules&rft.au=Anonymous&rft.aulast=Anonymous&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=954&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=1099159X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.1103 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.1103/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Degradation; solar cells; Temperature; Velocity; Stress; Sunlight; Packaging; aging DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.1103 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Life Cycle Water Consumption of Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Power T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313101669; 6112283 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Heath, Garvin AU - Burkhardt, John AU - Turchi, Craig Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Life cycle KW - Solar energy KW - Water use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313101669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Life+Cycle+Water+Consumption+of+Parabolic+Trough+Concentrating+Solar+Power&rft.au=Heath%2C+Garvin%3BBurkhardt%2C+John%3BTurchi%2C+Craig&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Garvin&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - LCA Harmonization Project: Methods and Selected Results T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313071584; 6112369 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Heath, Garvin AU - Mann, Margaret AU - Fthenakis, Vasilis AU - Warner, Ethan AU - Dolan, Stacey AU - Burkhardt, John AU - Hsu, David AU - O'Donoughue, Patrick AU - Sawyer, Pamala AU - Vorum, Martin Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Life cycle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313071584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=LCA+Harmonization+Project%3A+Methods+and+Selected+Results&rft.au=Heath%2C+Garvin%3BMann%2C+Margaret%3BFthenakis%2C+Vasilis%3BWarner%2C+Ethan%3BDolan%2C+Stacey%3BBurkhardt%2C+John%3BHsu%2C+David%3BO%27Donoughue%2C+Patrick%3BSawyer%2C+Pamala%3BVorum%2C+Martin&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Garvin&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Water Use at Energy Facilities and Energy Use at Water Facilities: Opportunities for Collaboration T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313062296; 6112307 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Vorum, Martin Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Energy consumption KW - Water use KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313062296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Water+Use+at+Energy+Facilities+and+Energy+Use+at+Water+Facilities%3A+Opportunities+for+Collaboration&rft.au=Macknick%2C+Jordan%3BVorum%2C+Martin&rft.aulast=Macknick&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Energy Usage and Management at a Large Wastewater Treatment Facility in Boulder, Colorado T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313062253; 6112306 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Douville, Chris Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - USA, Colorado KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Energy usage KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313062253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Energy+Usage+and+Management+at+a+Large+Wastewater+Treatment+Facility+in+Boulder%2C+Colorado&rft.au=Macknick%2C+Jordan%3BDouville%2C+Chris&rft.aulast=Macknick&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - An energy Appetite of U.S. Water Systems -- How much energy does it take to supply our water? T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313062219; 6112305 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Vorum, Martin Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - USA KW - Energy KW - Appetite UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313062219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=An+energy+Appetite+of+U.S.+Water+Systems+--+How+much+energy+does+it+take+to+supply+our+water%3F&rft.au=Vorum%2C+Martin&rft.aulast=Vorum&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of HFO-1234yf with and without Microporous Enhanced Surfaces T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313060498; 6113063 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Moreno, Gilberto AU - Narumanchi, Sreekant AU - King, Charles Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - heat transfer KW - Heat transfer KW - Boiling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313060498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Pool+Boiling+Heat+Transfer+Characteristics+of+HFO-1234yf+with+and+without+Microporous+Enhanced+Surfaces&rft.au=Moreno%2C+Gilberto%3BNarumanchi%2C+Sreekant%3BKing%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Moreno&rft.aufirst=Gilberto&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Performance and Durability of Candidate Polymeric Advanced Solar Mirrors for Concentrating Solar Power T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313057294; 6112570 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Kennedy, Cheryl Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Solar energy KW - Toughness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313057294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=The+Performance+and+Durability+of+Candidate+Polymeric+Advanced+Solar+Mirrors+for+Concentrating+Solar+Power&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Cheryl&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular Dynamics Modeling of Thermal Conductance at Atomically Clean and Disordered Silicon/Aluminum Interfaces T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313044341; 6113172 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Choi, Woon AU - Kim, Kwiseon AU - Narumanchi, Sreekant Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Aluminum KW - Silicon KW - Conductance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313044341?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Molecular+Dynamics+Modeling+of+Thermal+Conductance+at+Atomically+Clean+and+Disordered+Silicon%2FAluminum+Interfaces&rft.au=Choi%2C+Woon%3BKim%2C+Kwiseon%3BNarumanchi%2C+Sreekant&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Woon&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Future Projections and Tradeoffs of Water Demands for Energy T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1313027702; 6114570 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Newmark, Robin AU - Macknick, Jordan Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Water demand KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313027702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Future+Projections+and+Tradeoffs+of+Water+Demands+for+Energy&rft.au=Newmark%2C+Robin%3BMacknick%2C+Jordan&rft.aulast=Newmark&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thermal Performance and Reliability of Large-Area Bonded Interfaces in Power Electronics Packages T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1312986912; 6112816 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Narumanchi, Sreekant AU - DeVoto, Douglas AU - Mihalic, Mark AU - Popp, Tim AU - McCluskey, Patrick Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312986912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Thermal+Performance+and+Reliability+of+Large-Area+Bonded+Interfaces+in+Power+Electronics+Packages&rft.au=Narumanchi%2C+Sreekant%3BDeVoto%2C+Douglas%3BMihalic%2C+Mark%3BPopp%2C+Tim%3BMcCluskey%2C+Patrick&rft.aulast=Narumanchi&rft.aufirst=Sreekant&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Design Principles of Cooling Systems for Concentrated Solar Power Facilities T2 - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AN - 1312952521; 6114583 JF - 2011 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (ASME 2011) AU - Turchi, Craig AU - Wagner, Michael AU - Macknick, Jordan Y1 - 2011/11/11/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Nov 11 KW - Cooling systems KW - Solar energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312952521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.atitle=Design+Principles+of+Cooling+Systems+for+Concentrated+Solar+Power+Facilities&rft.au=Turchi%2C+Craig%3BWagner%2C+Michael%3BMacknick%2C+Jordan&rft.aulast=Turchi&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+ASME+International+Mechanical+Engineering+Congress+%26+Exposition+%28ASME+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2011/TechnicalProgramOverview.cfm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Economics of Pretreatment for Biological Processing T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1313038348; 6079973 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Tao, Ling AU - Aden, Andy AU - Elander, Richard Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313038348?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Economics+of+Pretreatment+for+Biological+Processing&rft.au=Tao%2C+Ling%3BAden%2C+Andy%3BElander%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Tao&rft.aufirst=Ling&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Realizing the Potential of Advanced Biofuels T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1313033385; 6079952 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Foust, Thomas Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Fuel technology KW - Biofuels UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313033385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Realizing+the+Potential+of+Advanced+Biofuels&rft.au=Foust%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A Dual-Stage Laminar Entrained Flow Reactor (LEFR) and Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) System for Studying Biomass Pyrolysis and Gasification T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1313032976; 6079034 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Jarvis, Mark AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - Robichaud, David AU - Nimlos, Mark Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Biomass KW - Gasification KW - Pyrolysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313032976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=A+Dual-Stage+Laminar+Entrained+Flow+Reactor+%28LEFR%29+and+Plug+Flow+Reactor+%28PFR%29+System+for+Studying+Biomass+Pyrolysis+and+Gasification&rft.au=Jarvis%2C+Mark%3BMukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BRobichaud%2C+David%3BNimlos%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Determining and Addressing Feedstock Variability for Thermochemical Biomass Conversion T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1313028953; 6079051 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Olstad, Jessica AU - Magrini, Kim AU - Boardman, Richard AU - Gresham, Garold Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Biomass UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313028953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Determining+and+Addressing+Feedstock+Variability+for+Thermochemical+Biomass+Conversion&rft.au=Olstad%2C+Jessica%3BMagrini%2C+Kim%3BBoardman%2C+Richard%3BGresham%2C+Garold&rft.aulast=Olstad&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Integrated Wastewater Treatment Design for Biochemical Cellulosic Ethanol: Process Economics and Sustainability T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312986543; 6079329 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Humbird, David AU - Tan, Eric AU - Steinwinder, Thomas AU - Gill, Everett AU - Lukas, John AU - Sexton, Danielle AU - Dudgeon, Douglas Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Ethanol KW - Economics KW - Wastewater treatment KW - Biochemistry KW - Sustainability KW - Resource management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312986543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Integrated+Wastewater+Treatment+Design+for+Biochemical+Cellulosic+Ethanol%3A+Process+Economics+and+Sustainability&rft.au=Humbird%2C+David%3BTan%2C+Eric%3BSteinwinder%2C+Thomas%3BGill%2C+Everett%3BLukas%2C+John%3BSexton%2C+Danielle%3BDudgeon%2C+Douglas&rft.aulast=Humbird&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Improving Corn Stover Reactivity In Low Severity Pretreatment Through Deacetylation and Disc-Refining T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312980665; 6079963 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Chen, Xiaowen AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Franden, mary AU - Zhang, Min AU - Koo, Bonwook AU - Park, Sunkyu AU - Tucker, Melvin Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Corn KW - Deacetylation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312980665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Improving+Corn+Stover+Reactivity+In+Low+Severity+Pretreatment+Through+Deacetylation+and+Disc-Refining&rft.au=Chen%2C+Xiaowen%3BShekiro%2C+Joseph%3BFranden%2C+mary%3BZhang%2C+Min%3BKoo%2C+Bonwook%3BPark%2C+Sunkyu%3BTucker%2C+Melvin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Xiaowen&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Separate Processing of Hemicellulose and Cellulose to Optimize Ethanol Production From Corn Stover T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312979125; 6079775 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Chapeaux, Alexandre AU - Dowe, Nancy AU - Schell, Daniel Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Corn KW - Ethanol KW - Cellulose KW - hemicellulose UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312979125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Separate+Processing+of+Hemicellulose+and+Cellulose+to+Optimize+Ethanol+Production+From+Corn+Stover&rft.au=Chapeaux%2C+Alexandre%3BDowe%2C+Nancy%3BSchell%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Chapeaux&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thermal Processing Techniques to Improve Metal Sulfide Mixed Alcohol Catalyst Performance T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312977370; 6078931 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Hensley, Jesse AU - Costelow, Kellen AU - Jablonski, Whitney AU - Thibodeaux, Jason AU - Yung, Matt Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Sulfide KW - Catalysts KW - alcohols KW - Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312977370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Thermal+Processing+Techniques+to+Improve+Metal+Sulfide+Mixed+Alcohol+Catalyst+Performance&rft.au=Hensley%2C+Jesse%3BCostelow%2C+Kellen%3BJablonski%2C+Whitney%3BThibodeaux%2C+Jason%3BYung%2C+Matt&rft.aulast=Hensley&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Studying Effects of Inorganic Salts On Biomass Pyrolysis Using a Captive Sample Reactor T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312975165; 6078964 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Mukarakate, Calvin AU - Robichaud, David AU - Donohoe, Bryon AU - Jarvis, Mark AU - Iisa, Kristiina AU - Nimlos, Mark Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Salts KW - Biomass KW - Pyrolysis KW - Salinity effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312975165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Studying+Effects+of+Inorganic+Salts+On+Biomass+Pyrolysis+Using+a+Captive+Sample+Reactor&rft.au=Mukarakate%2C+Calvin%3BRobichaud%2C+David%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon%3BJarvis%2C+Mark%3BIisa%2C+Kristiina%3BNimlos%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Mukarakate&rft.aufirst=Calvin&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A Method for Rapid Screening of Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass Intermediates T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312970128; 6079302 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Johnson, David Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Catalysts KW - Biomass KW - Screening UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312970128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=A+Method+for+Rapid+Screening+of+Catalysts+for+Hydrodeoxygenation+of+Biomass+Intermediates&rft.au=Johnson%2C+David&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Secondary Thermochemical Xylo-Oligomer Hydrolysis of High-Solids Dilute-Acid Pretreatment Slurries T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312959853; 6080017 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Kuhn, Erik AU - Shekiro, Joseph AU - Nagle, Nick AU - Elander, Richard Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Slurries KW - Hydrolysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312959853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Secondary+Thermochemical+Xylo-Oligomer+Hydrolysis+of+High-Solids+Dilute-Acid+Pretreatment+Slurries&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+Erik%3BShekiro%2C+Joseph%3BNagle%2C+Nick%3BElander%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Dissecting the Cellulosome Enzyme Complex: Assembly and Function T2 - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AN - 1312937589; 6079989 JF - 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Chemical Engineering (AIChE 2011) AU - Bomble, Yannick AU - Nimlos, Mark AU - Himmel, Michael AU - Crowley, Michael Y1 - 2011/10/16/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Oct 16 KW - Enzymes KW - cellulosomes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312937589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.atitle=Dissecting+the+Cellulosome+Enzyme+Complex%3A+Assembly+and+Function&rft.au=Bomble%2C+Yannick%3BNimlos%2C+Mark%3BHimmel%2C+Michael%3BCrowley%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Bomble&rft.aufirst=Yannick&rft.date=2011-10-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+Annual+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+for+Chemical+Engineering+%28AIChE+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiche.org/conferences/annualmeeting/meetingprogram/2011topical.aspx LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Normal shock boundary layer control with various vortex generator geometries AN - 919934880; 15586721 AB - Various vortex generators which include ramp, split-ramp and a new hybrid concept "ramped-vane" are investigated under normal shock conditions with a diffuser at Mach number of 1.3. The dimensions of the computational domain were designed using Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes studies to be representative of the flow in an external-compression supersonic inlet. Using this flow geometry, various vortex generator concepts were studied with Implicit Large Eddy Simulation. In general, the ramped-vane provided increased vorticity compared to the other devices and reduced the separation length downstream of the device centerline. In addition, the size, edge gap and streamwise position respect to the shock were studied for the ramped-vane and it was found that a height of about half the boundary thickness and a large trailing edge gap yielded a fully attached flow downstream of the device. This ramped-vane also provided the largest reduction in the turbulent kinetic energy and pressure fluctuations. Additional benefits include negligible drag while the reductions in boundary layer displacement thickness and shape factor were seen compared to other devices. JF - Computers & Fluids AU - Lee, S AU - Loth, E AU - Babinsky, H Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - October 2011 SP - 233 EP - 246 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0045-7930, 0045-7930 KW - Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Flow control KW - Supersonic boundary layer interaction KW - Vortex generator KW - Implicit Large Eddy Simulation KW - Flow separation KW - Diffuser KW - Inlets KW - Computers KW - Boundary Layers KW - Oceanic eddies KW - Kinetic Energy KW - Drag KW - Electric generators KW - Shape KW - Boundary layers KW - Hybrids KW - Boundaries KW - Downstream KW - Coastal inlets KW - Fluctuations KW - Benefits KW - SW 0810:General KW - Q2 09182:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919934880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Fluids&rft.atitle=Normal+shock+boundary+layer+control+with+various+vortex+generator+geometries&rft.au=Lee%2C+S%3BLoth%2C+E%3BBabinsky%2C+H&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computers+%26+Fluids&rft.issn=00457930&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.compfluid.2011.06.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electric generators; Hybrids; Boundary layers; Oceanic eddies; Coastal inlets; Drag; Shape; Inlets; Computers; Boundaries; Boundary Layers; Downstream; Benefits; Fluctuations; Kinetic Energy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2011.06.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Techno-economic analysis of autotrophic microalgae for fuel production AN - 896230861; 15113414 AB - It is well-established that microalgal-derived biofuels have the potential to make a significant contribution to the US fuel market, due to several unique characteristics inherent to algae. Namely, autotrophic microalgae are capable of achieving very high efficiencies in converting solar energy into biomass and oil relative to terrestrial oilseed crops, while at the same time exhibiting great flexibility in the quality of land and water required for algal cultivation. These characteristics allow for the possibility to produce appreciable amounts of algal biofuels relative to today's petroleum fuel market, while greatly mitigating "food-versus-fuel" concerns. However, there is a wide lack of public agreement on the near-term economic viability of algal biofuels, due to uncertainties and speculation on process scale-up associated with the nascent stage of the algal biofuel industry. The present study aims to establish baseline economics for two microalgae pathways, by performing a comprehensive analysis using a set of assumptions for what can plausibly be achieved within a five-year timeframe. Specific pathways include autotrophic production via both open pond and closed tubular photobioreactor (PBR) systems. The production scales were set at 10 million gallons per year of raw algal oil, subsequently upgraded to a "green diesel" blend stock via hydrotreating. Rigorous mass balances were performed using Aspen Plus simulation software, and associated costs were evaluated on a unit-level basis. Upon completing the base case scenarios, the cost of lipid production to achieve a 10% return was determined to be $8.52/gal for open ponds and $18.10/gal for PBRs. Hydrotreating to produce a diesel blend stock added onto this marginally, bringing the totals to $9.84/gal and $20.53/gal of diesel, for the respective cases. These costs have potential for significant improvement in the future if better microalgal strains can be identified that would be capable of sustaining high growth rates at high lipid content. Given that it is difficult to maximize both of these parameters simultaneously, it was determined that the near-term research should focus on maximizing lipid content as it offers more substantial cost reduction potential relative to an improved algae growth rate. Additional economic sensitivity studies were established to identify other important cost drivers, and a resource assessment comparison was made to evaluate parameters such as water and CO sub(2 requirements.) JF - Applied Energy AU - Davis, Ryan AU - Aden, Andy AU - Pienkos, Philip T AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, United States, ryan.davis@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/10// PY - 2011 DA - Oct 2011 SP - 3524 EP - 3531 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 88 IS - 10 SN - 0306-2619, 0306-2619 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts KW - Algae KW - Autotrophic KW - Pond KW - Photobioreactor KW - Techno-economic KW - Green diesel KW - Fuel technology KW - Fuels KW - Lipids KW - Food KW - Ponds KW - Oil KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Petroleum KW - Economics KW - Growth rate KW - biofuels KW - Biomass KW - photobioreactors KW - Energy KW - Oilseed crops KW - Diesel KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Biofuels KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/896230861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Energy&rft.atitle=Techno-economic+analysis+of+autotrophic+microalgae+for+fuel+production&rft.au=Davis%2C+Ryan%3BAden%2C+Andy%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3524&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Energy&rft.issn=03062619&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.apenergy.2011.04.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Food; Lipids; Fuels; Biomass; photobioreactors; Ponds; Oil; Computer programs; software; Oilseed crops; Petroleum; Energy; Economics; Diesel; Carbon dioxide; Biofuels; Algae; Fuel technology; biofuels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.04.018 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Investigating the Influence of the Added Mass Effect to Marine Hydrokinetic Horizontal-Axis Turbines Using a General Dynamic Wake Wind Turbine Code T2 - OCEANS 2011 MTS/IEEE (OCEANS 2011) AN - 1312942835; 6035968 JF - OCEANS 2011 MTS/IEEE (OCEANS 2011) AU - Li, Ye AU - Maniaci, David Y1 - 2011/09/19/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Sep 19 KW - Wind energy KW - Turbines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312942835?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=OCEANS+2011+MTS%2FIEEE+%28OCEANS+2011%29&rft.atitle=Investigating+the+Influence+of+the+Added+Mass+Effect+to+Marine+Hydrokinetic+Horizontal-Axis+Turbines+Using+a+General+Dynamic+Wake+Wind+Turbine+Code&rft.au=Li%2C+Ye%3BManiaci%2C+David&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ye&rft.date=2011-09-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=OCEANS+2011+MTS%2FIEEE+%28OCEANS+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.oceans11mtsieeekona.org/technical_program.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of the bidirectional hydrogenase in cyanobacteria AN - 888114464; 15587638 AB - Cyanobacteria have tremendous potential to produce clean, renewable fuel in the form of hydrogen gas derived from solar energy and water. Of the two cyanobacterial enzymes capable of evolving hydrogen gas (nitrogenase and the bidirectional hydrogenase), the hox-encoded bidirectional Ni-Fe hydrogenase has a high theoretical potential. The physiological role of this hydrogenase is a highly debated topic and is poorly understood relative to that of the nitrogenase. Here the structure, assembly, and expression of this enzyme, as well as its probable roles in metabolism, are discussed and analyzed to gain perspective on its physiological role. It is concluded that the bidirectional hydrogenase in cyanobacteria primarily functions as a redox regulator for maintaining a proper oxidation/reduction state in the cell. Recommendations for future research to test this hypothesis are discussed. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Carrieri, Damian AU - Wawrousek, Karen AU - Eckert, Carrie AU - Yu, Jianping AU - Maness, Pin-Ching Y1 - 2011/09// PY - 2011 DA - Sep 2011 SP - 8368 EP - 8377 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 102 IS - 18 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Hydrogen KW - Hydrogenase KW - Hox hydrogenase KW - Bidirectional hydrogenase KW - Nitrogenase KW - Fuels KW - Physiology KW - Enzymes KW - Renewable energy KW - Energy KW - Oxidation KW - Solar energy KW - Metabolism KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888114464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+bidirectional+hydrogenase+in+cyanobacteria&rft.au=Carrieri%2C+Damian%3BWawrousek%2C+Karen%3BEckert%2C+Carrie%3BYu%2C+Jianping%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching&rft.aulast=Carrieri&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=8368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2011.03.103 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nitrogenase; Fuels; Energy; Oxidation; Enzymes; Hydrogen; Hydrogenase; Metabolism; Renewable energy; Physiology; Solar energy; Cyanobacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.103 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Relating Solar Measurements to PV Plant Output T2 - 30th Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada AN - 1312957056; 6041289 JF - 30th Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada AU - Sengupta, Manajit AU - Renne, David Y1 - 2011/08/28/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Aug 28 KW - Solar energy KW - Electrical engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312957056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+Conference+of+the+Solar+Energy+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Relating+Solar+Measurements+to+PV+Plant+Output&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Manajit%3BRenne%2C+David&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=Manajit&rft.date=2011-08-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+Conference+of+the+Solar+Energy+Society+of+Canada&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.swc2011.org/cms/fileadmin/user_upload/swc/dokumente/program_SWC2011_150811.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Status of Solar Resource Assessment Tasks under the International Energy Agency's Solar Heating and Cooling Programme T2 - 30th Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada AN - 1312939735; 6041297 JF - 30th Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada AU - Renne, David Y1 - 2011/08/28/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Aug 28 KW - Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312939735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=30th+Annual+Conference+of+the+Solar+Energy+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Status+of+Solar+Resource+Assessment+Tasks+under+the+International+Energy+Agency%27s+Solar+Heating+and+Cooling+Programme&rft.au=Renne%2C+David&rft.aulast=Renne&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2011-08-28&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=30th+Annual+Conference+of+the+Solar+Energy+Society+of+Canada&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.swc2011.org/cms/fileadmin/user_upload/swc/dokumente/program_SWC2011_150811.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization and performance of UNS S63019 (21-4N) as bipolar plate material in a simulated polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell environment AN - 1777131328; 14817673 AB - The austenitic stainless steel UNS S63019 was evaluated regarding its potential as bipolar plate material in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) environment. Segregated grains of niobium carbide (NbC sub(x)) were identified in polished cross-sections of the alloy, offering a possible pathway for enhanced electrical conductivity through the passive surface oxide. Additionally, the alloy was tested for corrosion resistance in a simulated PEMFC environment. It was considered that perhaps the elevated nitrogen concentration in the alloy would provide some benefit for corrosion resistance. Results for interfacial contact resistance (ICR) testing of the air-formed surface film on UNS S63019 showed decreased electrical conductivity as compared to UNS S30400. Niobium carbide particles did not improve film conductivity due to a non-conductive niobium oxide layer that formed on the surface. Corrosion resistance of the alloy was also poor as compared with UNS S30400, demonstrating that elevated nitrogen concentration in the alloy was not adequate in itself to enhance corrosion resistance. Poor corrosion resistance was attributed primarily to high carbon content in the alloy which combined with a significant amount of chromium to form carbides. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Howell, Andrew G AU - Wang, Heli AU - Cowley, Scott W AU - Turner, John A AD - Colorado School of Mines, Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, 1600 Maple Street, Golden, CO 80401, USA andrew.howell@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/07/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jul 15 SP - 5922 EP - 5927 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 196 IS - 14 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); METADEX (MD); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); Corrosion Abstracts (CO); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Bipolar plate KW - UNS S63019 KW - PEMFC KW - ICR KW - Corrosion KW - Stainless steel KW - Heat resistant steels KW - Austenitic stainless steels KW - 21-4N KW - S30400 KW - Electrolytes KW - Fuel cells KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Niobium carbide KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Plate material KW - Resistivity KW - Elevated UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777131328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Characterization+and+performance+of+UNS+S63019+%2821-4N%29+as+bipolar+plate+material+in+a+simulated+polymer+electrolyte+membrane+fuel+cell+environment&rft.au=Howell%2C+Andrew+G%3BWang%2C+Heli%3BCowley%2C+Scott+W%3BTurner%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2011-07-15&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=5922&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2011.02.055 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.02.055 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality analysis of wintertime B6-B20 biodiesel blend samples collected in the United States AN - 880657795; 14818021 AB - A survey of the quality of biodiesel blends in the United States was conducted in the winter of 2009-2010. Forty samples were collected in the study; two-thirds of the samples collected were from areas with a 10th percentile minimum ambient temperature below - 12 [deg]C. Fuel properties were measured and compared to the relevant ASTM D7467-09 specification properties. The B6-B20 study shows increased compliance with the blend level requirements to 72.5% of samples tested, with a cold state average biodiesel content of 12% and a warm state average biodiesel content of 19%. The decreased biodiesel content in cold states is likely to due to deliberate reductions to meet the cloud point expectations. Continuing problems were noted with induction period stability for B6-B20 blends, with a failure rate of 24%. Samples collected from cold weather states had a failure rate of only 18%, likely because of the reduced biodiesel content; the failure rate from warm weather states rose to 57%. Samples failed the induction period stability specification before the acid value increased to the point of failure and no acid value failures were recorded. No failures were observed water and sediment. A single failure was noted for flash point, likely due to external contamination during fuel handling. Cloud point and cold filter plugging points are reported. JF - Fuel Processing Technology AU - Alleman, Teresa L AU - Fouts, Lisa AU - McCormick, Robert L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., MS1634, Golden, CO 80401, USA, Teresa.Alleman@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - Jul 2011 SP - 1297 EP - 1304 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 92 IS - 7 SN - 0378-3820, 0378-3820 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Biodiesel blend KW - B20 KW - Quality KW - Filters KW - Weather KW - USA KW - winter KW - Fuels KW - Compliance KW - biofuels KW - Temperature KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/880657795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.atitle=Quality+analysis+of+wintertime+B6-B20+biodiesel+blend+samples+collected+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Alleman%2C+Teresa+L%3BFouts%2C+Lisa%3BMcCormick%2C+Robert+L&rft.aulast=Alleman&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.issn=03783820&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fuproc.2011.02.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Weather; winter; Fuels; Compliance; Temperature; biofuels; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.02.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The status and prospects of renewable energy for combating global warming AN - 873118531; 4204211 AB - Reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in material quantities, globally, is a critical element in limiting the impacts of global warming. GHG emissions associated with energy extraction and use are a major component of any strategy addressing climate change mitigation. Non-emitting options for electrical power and liquid transportation fuels are increasingly considered key components of an energy system with lower overall environmental impacts. Renewable energy technologies (RETs) as well as biofuels technologies have been accelerating rapidly during the past decades, both in technology performance and cost-competitiveness - and they are increasingly gaining market share. These technology options offer many positive attributes, but also have unique cost/benefit trade-offs, such as land-use competition for bioresources and variability for wind and solar electric generation technologies. This paper presents a brief summary of status, recent progress, some technological highlights for RETs and biofuels, and an analysis of critical issues that must be addressed for RETs to meet a greater share of the global energy requirements and lower GHG emissions. All rights reserved, Elsevier JF - Energy economics AU - Arent, Douglas J AU - Wise, A AU - Gelman, R AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S.A. Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - Jul 2011 SP - 584 EP - 593 VL - 33 IS - 4 SN - 0140-9883, 0140-9883 KW - Economics KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - Strategic planning KW - Energy market KW - Energy planning KW - Climate change KW - Global warming KW - Competitiveness KW - Renewable energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/873118531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+economics&rft.atitle=The+status+and+prospects+of+renewable+energy+for+combating+global+warming&rft.au=Arent%2C+Douglas+J%3BWise%2C+A%3BGelman%2C+R&rft.aulast=Arent&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=584&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+economics&rft.issn=01409883&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.eneco.2010.11.003 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 10876 4271; 5515 2382 2381 8560 9511 4309 4313; 4258 7711; 4260 3975 4335; 2382 2381 8560 9511 4309 4313; 12305 9560; 2932 2920 971 2934 3883; 2661 2649 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2010.11.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A p-Type Quantum Dot/Organic Donor:Acceptor Solar-Cell Structure for Extended Spectral Response AN - 1770374051; 20315200 AB - A coupled PbS quantum dot film and a PSBTBT:PCBM bulk heterojunction layer contribute comparable photocurrent in a new stacked solar-cell architecture with sensitivity in the near infrared and an efficiency >4%. With a focus on the energy level alignment between components, time-resolved microwave photoconductivity is used to elucidate the charge transport pathways for electrons and holes. JF - Advanced Energy Materials AU - Chen, Hsiang-Yu AU - Hou, Jianhui AU - Dayal, Smita AU - Huo, Lijun AU - Kopidakis, Nikos AU - Beard, Matthew C AU - Luther, Joseph M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden CO 80401, USA. Y1 - 2011/07// PY - 2011 DA - July 2011 SP - 528 EP - 533 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD United Kingdom VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1614-6832, 1614-6832 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Joining KW - Microwaves KW - Pathways KW - Energy levels KW - Photocurrent KW - Heterojunctions KW - Infrared KW - Charge transport KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1770374051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advanced+Energy+Materials&rft.atitle=A+p-Type+Quantum+Dot%2FOrganic+Donor%3AAcceptor+Solar-Cell+Structure+for+Extended+Spectral+Response&rft.au=Chen%2C+Hsiang-Yu%3BHou%2C+Jianhui%3BDayal%2C+Smita%3BHuo%2C+Lijun%3BKopidakis%2C+Nikos%3BBeard%2C+Matthew+C%3BLuther%2C+Joseph+M&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Hsiang-Yu&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advanced+Energy+Materials&rft.issn=16146832&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Faenm.201100190 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-04 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201100190 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing Photosynthetic and Photovoltaic Efficiencies and Recognizing the Potential for Improvement AN - 1777115206; 14873174 AB - Comparing photosynthetic and photovoltaic efficiencies is not a simple issue. Although both processes harvest the energy in sunlight, they operate in distinctly different ways and produce different types of products: biomass or chemical fuels in the case of natural photosynthesis and nonstored electrical current in the case of photovoltaics. In order to find common ground for evaluating energy-conversion efficiency, we compare natural photosynthesis with present technologies for photovoltaic-driven electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen. Photovoltaic-driven electrolysis is the more efficient process when measured on an annual basis, yet short-term yields for photosynthetic conversion under optimal conditions come within a factor of 2 or 3 of the photovoltaic benchmark. We consider opportunities in which the frontiers of synthetic biology might be used to enhance natural photosynthesis for improved solar energy conversion efficiency. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Blankenship, Robert E AU - Tiede, David M AU - Barber, James AU - Brudvig, Gary W AU - Fleming, Graham AU - Ghirardi, Maria AU - Gunner, M R AU - Junge, Wolfgang AU - Kramer, David M AU - Melis, Anastasios AU - Moore, Thomas A AU - Moser, Christopher C AU - Nocera, Daniel G AU - Nozik, Arthur J AU - Ort, Donald R AU - Parson, William W AU - Prince, Roger C AU - Sayre, Richard T AD - Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA. Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA. Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA. Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrueck, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA. Department of Chemistry and Bioche Y1 - 2011/05/13/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 May 13 SP - 805 EP - 809 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 USA VL - 332 IS - 6031 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN) KW - Photosynthesis KW - Chemical fuels KW - Solar cells KW - Electrolysis KW - Conversion KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Optimization KW - Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777115206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Comparing+Photosynthetic+and+Photovoltaic+Efficiencies+and+Recognizing+the+Potential+for+Improvement&rft.au=Blankenship%2C+Robert+E%3BTiede%2C+David+M%3BBarber%2C+James%3BBrudvig%2C+Gary+W%3BFleming%2C+Graham%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria%3BGunner%2C+M+R%3BJunge%2C+Wolfgang%3BKramer%2C+David+M%3BMelis%2C+Anastasios%3BMoore%2C+Thomas+A%3BMoser%2C+Christopher+C%3BNocera%2C+Daniel+G%3BNozik%2C+Arthur+J%3BOrt%2C+Donald+R%3BParson%2C+William+W%3BPrince%2C+Roger+C%3BSayre%2C+Richard+T&rft.aulast=Blankenship&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2011-05-13&rft.volume=332&rft.issue=6031&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure of CBM4 from Clostridium thermocellum cellulase K AN - 889404766; 14904756 AB - Here, a 2.0Aa resolution X-ray structure of Clostridium thermocellum cellulase K family 4 carbohydrate-binding module (CelK CBM4) is reported. The resulting structure was refined to an R factor of 0.212 and an Rfree of 0.274. Structural analysis shows that this new structure is very similar to the previously solved structure of C. thermocellum CbhA CBM4. Most importantly, these data support the previously proposed notion of an extended binding pocket using a novel tryptophan-containing loop that may be highly conserved in clostridial CBM4 proteins. JF - Acta Crystallographica Section F AU - Alahuhta, Markus AU - Luo, Yonghua AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Lunin, Vladimir V AD - BioSciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3305, USA Y1 - 2011/05/01/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 May 01 SP - 527 EP - 530 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 1744-3091, 1744-3091 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Data processing KW - Ionizing radiation KW - double prime R factors KW - Clostridium thermocellum KW - Cellulase KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/889404766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Crystallographica+Section+F&rft.atitle=Structure+of+CBM4+from+Clostridium+thermocellum+cellulase+K&rft.au=Alahuhta%2C+Markus%3BLuo%2C+Yonghua%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BLunin%2C+Vladimir+V&rft.aulast=Alahuhta&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Crystallographica+Section+F&rft.issn=17443091&rft_id=info:doi/10.1107%2FS1744309111003307 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Document feature - figure 0 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; double prime R factors; Ionizing radiation; Cellulase; Clostridium thermocellum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1744309111003307 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High throughput determination of glucan and xylan fractions in lignocelluloses AN - 874193037; 14763911 AB - The analysis of structural glucan and xylan in lignocellulose was scaled down from original two-stage sulfuric acid hydrolysis methods (Moore WE and Johnson DB 1967 Procedures for the chemical analysis of wood and wood products. U.S. Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture., Madison, WI) and integrated into a recently-developed, high throughput pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification system. Novel 96 XNB1.8 ml-well Hastelloy reactor plates (128 XNB86 XNB51 mm) based on previously described 96-well pretreatment reactor plates were paired with custom aluminum filler plates (128 XNB86 XNB18 mm) for use in Symyx Powdernium solids dispensing systems. The incorporation of glucose oxidase and xylose dehydrogenase linked assays to speed post-hydrolysis sugar analysis dramatically reduced the time for analysis of large lignocellulosic sample sets. The current system permits the determination of the glucan and xylan content of 96 replicates (per reactor plate) in under 6 h and parallel plate processing increases the analysis throughput substantially. JF - Biotechnology Letters AU - Selig, Michael J AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Law, Cody AU - Doeppke, Crissa AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Decker, Stephen R AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA, Michael.Selig@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 961 EP - 967 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 33 IS - 5 SN - 0141-5492, 0141-5492 KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Nickel base alloys KW - Superalloys KW - Hastelloy KW - Forest products KW - Agriculture KW - Glucose oxidase KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - agriculture KW - Wood KW - forest products KW - Hydrolysis KW - dehydrogenase KW - lignocellulose KW - USA KW - Xylan KW - Aluminum KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Biotechnology KW - glucans KW - ENA 06:Food & Drugs KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/874193037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=High+throughput+determination+of+glucan+and+xylan+fractions+in+lignocelluloses&rft.au=Selig%2C+Michael+J%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BLaw%2C+Cody%3BDoeppke%2C+Crissa%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R&rft.aulast=Selig&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=961&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.issn=01415492&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10529-011-0526-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Forest products; Sugar; Glucose oxidase; lignocellulose; Xylose; Xylan; Aluminum; Sulfuric acid; Hydrolysis; dehydrogenase; glucans; agriculture; forest products; Wood; Biotechnology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-011-0526-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating renewable portfolio standards and carbon cap scenarios in the US electric sector AN - 865523670; 4188681 AB - This report examines the impact of renewable portfolio standards (RPS) and cap-and-trade policy options on the U.S. electricity sector. The analysis uses the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model that simulates the least-cost expansion of electricity generation capacity and transmission in the U.S. to examine the impact of a variety of emissions caps-and RPS scenarios both individually and combined. The generation mix, carbon emissions, and electricity price are examined for various policy combinations simulated in the modeling. All rights reserved, Elsevier JF - Energy policy AU - Bird, L AU - Chapman, C AU - Logan, J AU - Sumner, Jenny AU - Short, W AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 2573 EP - 2585 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 0301-4215, 0301-4215 KW - Economics KW - Production capacity KW - Energy prices KW - Simulation KW - Electricity KW - Policy implementation KW - U.S.A. KW - Carbon emissions KW - Power generation KW - Modelling KW - Renewable energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/865523670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+policy&rft.atitle=Evaluating+renewable+portfolio+standards+and+carbon+cap+scenarios+in+the+US+electric+sector&rft.au=Bird%2C+L%3BChapman%2C+C%3BLogan%2C+J%3BSumner%2C+Jenny%3BShort%2C+W&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+policy&rft.issn=03014215&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enpol.2011.02.025 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 9624 9625 9628; 10876 4271; 4163 4246; 9971 4163 4246; 10243 10257 4722 12224 971; Carbon emissions; 4263 10107; 11670; 8162 8163; 433 293 14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.02.025 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of the hole-transport layer on the initial behavior and lifetime of inverted organic photovoltaics AN - 1777148296; 14919515 AB - The inverted organic photovoltaic (OPV) device architecture represents an important advancement due to the relative environmental stability of the electron transport layer (ETL) and hole-collecting contact. We investigated the initial and long-term behavior of inverted devices to identify changes taking place at the Ag hole-collecting contact. We show that efficient hole collection can be obtained after modifying the Ag contact by thermal annealing, long-term exposure to ambient atmosphere, or employing a high work function organic hole-transport layer (HTL). We find that whether or not the device employs an organic HTL, degradation of the photocurrent initially follows a simple exponential decay. After prolonged illumination (>500 h), devices with an organic HTL fail catastrophically due to a precipitous drop in photocurrent. Based on evidence for pinhole-induced degradation observed in photocurrent maps, we propose a nucleation and island growth mechanism and a model for the photocurrent behavior employing a modified Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation. Devices that do not contain an HTL appear to degrade by a mechanism other than pinhole ingress resulting in a more uniform degradation of the photocurrent across the active area. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Lloyd, Matthew T AU - Peters, Craig H AU - Garcia, Andres AU - Kauvar, Isaac V AU - Berry, Joseph J AU - Reese, Matthew O AU - McGehee, Michael D AU - Ginley, David S AU - Olson, Dana C AD - National Center for Photovoltaics, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA matthew.lloyd@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 1382 EP - 1388 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Organic photovoltaics KW - Inverted devices KW - Degradation KW - PEDOT:PSS KW - Hole-transport layer KW - Photocurrent KW - Solar cells KW - Devices KW - Contact KW - Silver KW - Photoelectric effect KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777148296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Influence+of+the+hole-transport+layer+on+the+initial+behavior+and+lifetime+of+inverted+organic+photovoltaics&rft.au=Lloyd%2C+Matthew+T%3BPeters%2C+Craig+H%3BGarcia%2C+Andres%3BKauvar%2C+Isaac+V%3BBerry%2C+Joseph+J%3BReese%2C+Matthew+O%3BMcGehee%2C+Michael+D%3BGinley%2C+David+S%3BOlson%2C+Dana+C&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2010.12.036 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2010.12.036 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Consensus stability testing protocols for organic photovoltaic materials and devices AN - 1777145657; 14919516 AB - Procedures for testing organic solar cell devices and modules with respect to stability and operational lifetime are described. The descriptions represent a consensus of the discussion and conclusions reached during the first 3 years of the international summit on OPV stability (ISOS). The procedures include directions for shelf life testing, outdoor testing, laboratory weathering testing and thermal cycling testing, as well as guidelines for reporting data. These procedures are not meant to be qualification tests, but rather generally agreed test conditions and practices to allow ready comparison between laboratories and to help improving the reliability of reported values. Failure mechanisms and detailed degradation mechanisms are not covered in this report. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Reese, Matthew O AU - Gevorgyan, Suren A AU - Joergensen, Mikkel AU - Bundgaard, Eva AU - Kurtz, Sarah R AU - Ginley, David S AU - Olson, Dana C AU - Lloyd, Matthew T AU - Morvillo, Pasquale AU - Katz, Eugene A AU - Elschner, Andreas AU - Haillant, Olivier AU - Currier, Travis R AU - Shrotriya, Vishal AU - Hermenau, Martin AU - Riede, Moritz AU - Kirov, Kiril R AU - Trimmel, Gregor AU - Rath, Thomas AU - Inganaes, Olle AU - Zhang, Fengling AU - Andersson, Mattias AU - Tvingstedt, Kristofer AU - Lira-Cantu, Monica AU - Laird, Darin AU - McGuiness, Christine AU - Gowrisanker, Srinivas AU - Pannone, Michael AU - Xiao, Min AU - Hauch, Jens AU - Steim, Roland AU - DeLongchamp, Dean M AU - Roesch, Roland AU - Hoppe, Harald AU - Espinosa, Nieves AU - Urbina, Antonio AU - Yaman-Uzunoglu, Guelsah AU - Bonekamp, Joerg-Bernd AU - Van Breemen, Albert JJM AU - Girotto, Claudio AU - Voroshazi, Eszter AU - Krebs, Frederik C AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 1253 EP - 1267 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 95 IS - 5 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Stability KW - Lifetime KW - Testing KW - Protocol KW - Reporting KW - Solar cells KW - Guidelines KW - Devices KW - Outdoor KW - Thermal cycling KW - Descriptions KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777145657?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Consensus+stability+testing+protocols+for+organic+photovoltaic+materials+and+devices&rft.au=Reese%2C+Matthew+O%3BGevorgyan%2C+Suren+A%3BJoergensen%2C+Mikkel%3BBundgaard%2C+Eva%3BKurtz%2C+Sarah+R%3BGinley%2C+David+S%3BOlson%2C+Dana+C%3BLloyd%2C+Matthew+T%3BMorvillo%2C+Pasquale%3BKatz%2C+Eugene+A%3BElschner%2C+Andreas%3BHaillant%2C+Olivier%3BCurrier%2C+Travis+R%3BShrotriya%2C+Vishal%3BHermenau%2C+Martin%3BRiede%2C+Moritz%3BKirov%2C+Kiril+R%3BTrimmel%2C+Gregor%3BRath%2C+Thomas%3BInganaes%2C+Olle%3BZhang%2C+Fengling%3BAndersson%2C+Mattias%3BTvingstedt%2C+Kristofer%3BLira-Cantu%2C+Monica%3BLaird%2C+Darin%3BMcGuiness%2C+Christine%3BGowrisanker%2C+Srinivas%3BPannone%2C+Michael%3BXiao%2C+Min%3BHauch%2C+Jens%3BSteim%2C+Roland%3BDeLongchamp%2C+Dean+M%3BRoesch%2C+Roland%3BHoppe%2C+Harald%3BEspinosa%2C+Nieves%3BUrbina%2C+Antonio%3BYaman-Uzunoglu%2C+Guelsah%3BBonekamp%2C+Joerg-Bernd%3BVan+Breemen%2C+Albert+JJM%3BGirotto%2C+Claudio%3BVoroshazi%2C+Eszter%3BKrebs%2C+Frederik+C&rft.aulast=Reese&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2011.01.036 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.01.036 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamics of offshore floating wind turbines-analysis of three concepts AN - 1020855413; 16702800 AB - This work presents a comprehensive dynamic-response analysis of three offshore floating wind turbine concepts. Models were composed of one 5MW turbine supported on land and three 5MW turbines located offshore on a tension leg platform, a spar buoy and a barge. A loads and stability analysis adhering to the procedures of international design standards was performed for each model using the fully coupled time domain aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulation tool FAST with AeroDyn and HydroDyn. The concepts are compared based on the calculated ultimate loads, fatigue loads and instabilities. The loads in the barge-supported turbine are the highest found for the three floating concepts. The differences in the loads between the tension leg platform-supported turbine and spar buoy-supported turbine are not significant, except for the loads in the tower, which are greater in the spar system. Instabilities in all systems also must be resolved. The results of this analysis will help resolve the fundamental design trade-offs between the floating-system concepts. JF - Wind Energy AU - Jonkman, J M AU - Matha, D AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado, USA, jason.jonkman@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/05// PY - 2011 DA - May 2011 SP - 557 EP - 569 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1099-1824, 1099-1824 KW - Oceanic Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources KW - Spar buoys KW - Simulation KW - fatigue KW - Turbines KW - Wind power KW - Wind energy KW - Offshore structures KW - Tension leg platforms KW - Barges KW - International standardization KW - Tension KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - Q2 09406:Energy from the sea KW - O 6020:Offshore Engineering and Operations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1020855413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wind+Energy&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+offshore+floating+wind+turbines-analysis+of+three+concepts&rft.au=Jonkman%2C+J+M%3BMatha%2C+D&rft.aulast=Jonkman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=557&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wind+Energy&rft.issn=10991824&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwe.442 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/we.442/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Wind power; Offshore structures; Spar buoys; Tension leg platforms; Barges; Tension; Wind energy; Simulation; fatigue; International standardization DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.442 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Water Consumption Impacts of Renewable Technologies: The Case of CSP T2 - 2011 American Water Resources Association Spring Specialty Conference (AWRA 2011) AN - 1312991822; 6065921 JF - 2011 American Water Resources Association Spring Specialty Conference (AWRA 2011) AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Newmark, Robin AU - Turchi, Craig Y1 - 2011/04/18/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Apr 18 KW - Water use KW - Technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312991822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2011+American+Water+Resources+Association+Spring+Specialty+Conference+%28AWRA+2011%29&rft.atitle=Water+Consumption+Impacts+of+Renewable+Technologies%3A+The+Case+of+CSP&rft.au=Macknick%2C+Jordan%3BNewmark%2C+Robin%3BTurchi%2C+Craig&rft.aulast=Macknick&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft.date=2011-04-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2011+American+Water+Resources+Association+Spring+Specialty+Conference+%28AWRA+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.awra.org/meetings/Baltimore2011/doc/Baltimore2011FinalProgram.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Green energy from green algae AN - 907170273; 15370498 AB - Looking for alternative 'green' energy technologies? Don't look too far! Microalgae are all around us and are being used, processed and packaged for different applications, from food to pharmaceutical products and now to generate renewable green energy such as hydrogen, biodiesel and other biofuels. Microalgae in general and green algae in particular have been studied for decades with the objective of utilizing their photosynthetic capacity and their ability to adapt to changing environment and nutrient conditions as a source of a variety of products. A new era has arrived where these functions are now being examined and targeted to efficiently convert solar energy into useful carbon-based fuels and chemical precursors (alkane, ethylene), as well as gas (hydrogen) or lipid-based storage compound such as triacylglycerols (TAGs) for biodiesel application. JF - Biochemist AU - Dubini, A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA Y1 - 2011/04// PY - 2011 DA - Apr 2011 SP - 20 EP - 23 VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0954-982x, 0954-982x KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Photosynthesis KW - Fuels KW - Food KW - Nutrients KW - Hydrogen KW - Triglycerides KW - green development KW - Solar energy KW - Algae KW - Alkanes KW - biofuels KW - Storage KW - Energy KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Diesel KW - Ethylene KW - Biofuels KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - K 03320:Cell Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907170273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemist&rft.atitle=Green+energy+from+green+algae&rft.au=Dubini%2C+A&rft.aulast=Dubini&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2011-04-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemist&rft.issn=0954982x&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alkanes; Food; Fuels; Triglycerides; Energy; Pharmaceuticals; Nutrients; Diesel; Ethylene; Hydrogen; Biofuels; Algae; Storage; Fuel technology; Photosynthesis; biofuels; green development; Solar energy; Technology ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Understanding cellobiohydrolase function by computation and experimentation T2 - 26th Fungal Genetics Conference (GSA FGC 2011) AN - 1312961075; 6060938 JF - 26th Fungal Genetics Conference (GSA FGC 2011) AU - Singh, Arjun AU - Taylor II, Larry AU - Beckham, Gregg AU - Vander Wall, Todd AU - Xu, Qi AU - Baker, John AU - Adney, William AU - Himmel, Michael Y1 - 2011/03/15/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 15 KW - cellobiohydrolase UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312961075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=26th+Fungal+Genetics+Conference+%28GSA+FGC+2011%29&rft.atitle=Understanding+cellobiohydrolase+function+by+computation+and+experimentation&rft.au=Singh%2C+Arjun%3BTaylor+II%2C+Larry%3BBeckham%2C+Gregg%3BVander+Wall%2C+Todd%3BXu%2C+Qi%3BBaker%2C+John%3BAdney%2C+William%3BHimmel%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Arjun&rft.date=2011-03-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=26th+Fungal+Genetics+Conference+%28GSA+FGC+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.fgsc.net/26thFGC/26FGCProgramAndAbstracts.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feasibility of Spectroscopic Characterization of Algal Lipids: Chemometric Correlation of NIR and FTIR Spectra with Exogenous Lipids in Algal Biomass AN - 855686442; 14089901 AB - A large number of algal biofuels projects rely on a lipid screening technique for selecting a particular algal strain with which to work. We have developed a multivariate calibration model for predicting the levels of spiked neutral and polar lipids in microalgae, based on infrared (both near-infrared (NIR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)) spectroscopy. The advantage of an infrared spectroscopic technique over traditional chemical methods is the direct, fast, and non-destructive nature of the screening method. This calibration model provides a fast and high-throughput method for determining lipid content, providing an alternative to laborious traditional wet chemical methods. We present data of a study based on nine levels of exogenous lipid spikes (between 1% and 3% (w/w)) of trilaurin as a triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine as a phospholipid model compound in lyophilized algal biomass. We used a chemometric approach to corrrelate the main spectral changes upon increasing phospholipid and triglyceride content in algal biomass collected from single species. A multivariate partial least squares (PLS) calibration model was built and improved upon with the addition of multiple species to the dataset. Our results show that NIR and FTIR spectra of biomass from four species can be used to accurately predict the levels of exogenously added lipids. It appears that the cross-species verification of the predictions is more accurate with the NIR models (R super(2)=0.969 and 0.951 and RMECV=0.182 and 0.227% for trilaurin and phosphatidylcholine spike respectively), compared with FTIR (R super(2)=0.907 and 0.464 and RMECV=0.302 and 0.767% for trilaurin and phosphatidylcholine spike, respectively). A fast high-throughput spectroscopic lipid fingerprinting method can be applied in a multitude of screening efforts that are ongoing in the microalgal research community. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Laurens, Lieve ML AU - Wolfrum, Edward J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO, 80401, USA, Ed.Wolfrum@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 22 EP - 35 PB - Springer New York, LLC, 233 Spring St New York NY 10013-1578 USA VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Fuel technology KW - Data processing KW - I.R. radiation KW - Lipids KW - biofuels KW - Lecithin KW - Spectroscopy KW - Biomass KW - Models KW - Fingerprinting KW - Fourier transforms KW - I.R. spectroscopy KW - Triglycerides KW - Biofuels KW - Algae KW - Phospholipids KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/855686442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=Feasibility+of+Spectroscopic+Characterization+of+Algal+Lipids%3A+Chemometric+Correlation+of+NIR+and+FTIR+Spectra+with+Exogenous+Lipids+in+Algal+Biomass&rft.au=Laurens%2C+Lieve+ML%3BWolfrum%2C+Edward+J&rft.aulast=Laurens&rft.aufirst=Lieve&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-010-9098-y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fingerprinting; I.R. radiation; Data processing; I.R. spectroscopy; Triglycerides; Lipids; Lecithin; Biomass; Biofuels; Phospholipids; Models; Algae; Feasibility studies; Fuel technology; Fourier transforms; biofuels; Spectroscopy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-010-9098-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Algal Biofuels: THE PROCESS AN - 1762114538; 14622818 AB - The idea of converting oils derived from microalgae into high-energy-density transportation fuels is not new. In fact, from 1979 to 1996, the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE) sponsored the Aquatic Species Program (ASP), which thoroughly explored many facets of algal biofuel production -- from basic biology involving strain selection, growth, and lipid productivity to process-relevant, large-scale cultivation. JF - Chemical Engineering Progress AU - Knoshaug, E P AU - Darzins, A AD - U.S. Dept. of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA eric.knoshaug@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 37 EP - 41,47 PB - American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AICHE), 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5901 USA VL - 107 IS - 3 SN - 0360-7275, 0360-7275 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Materials Business File (MB); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN) KW - Transportation KW - Converting KW - Lipids KW - Fuels KW - Chemical engineering KW - Strain KW - Productivity KW - Cultivation KW - Biology KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1762114538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Engineering+Progress&rft.atitle=Algal+Biofuels%3A+THE+PROCESS&rft.au=Knoshaug%2C+E+P%3BDarzins%2C+A&rft.aulast=Knoshaug&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Engineering+Progress&rft.issn=03607275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An integrated model for estimating energy cost of a tidal current turbine farm AN - 1671511212; 14181620 AB - A tidal current turbine is a device for harnessing energy from tidal currents and functions in a manner similar to a wind turbine. A tidal current turbine farm consists of a group of tidal current turbines distributed in a site where high-speed current is available. The accurate prediction of energy cost of a tidal current turbine farm is important to the justification of planning and constructing such a farm. However, the existing approaches used to predict energy cost of tidal current turbine farms oversimplify the hydrodynamic interactions between turbines in energy prediction and oversimplify the operation and maintenance strategies involved in cost estimation as well as related fees. In this paper, we develop a model, which integrates a marine hydrodynamic model with high accuracy for predicting energy output and a comprehensive cost-effective operation and maintenance model for estimating the cost that may be incurred in producing the energy, to predict energy cost from a tidal current turbine farm. This model is expected to be able to simulate more complicated cases and generate more accurate results than existing models. As there is no real tidal current turbine farm, we validate this model with offshore wind studies. Finally, case studies about Vancouver are conducted with a scenario-based analysis. We minimize the energy cost by minimizing the total cost and maximizing the total power output under constraints related to the local conditions (e.g., geological and labor information) and the turbine specifications. The results suggest that tidal current energy is about ready to penetrate the electricity market in some major cities in North America if learning curve for the operational and maintenance is minimum. JF - Energy Conversion & Management AU - Li, Ye AU - Lence, Barbara J AU - Calisal, Sander M AD - Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 1051-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z4 ye.li@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - March 2011 SP - 1677 EP - 1687 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 52 IS - 3 SN - 0196-8904, 0196-8904 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Aerospace & High Technology Database (AH) KW - Tidal current energy KW - Energy cost KW - Tidal current turbine farm KW - Operation and maintenance cost KW - Cost effective analysis KW - Scenario-based analysis KW - Turbines KW - Computational fluid dynamics KW - Mathematical models KW - Farms KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Marketing KW - Energy costs KW - Fluid flow KW - Maintenance KW - Marine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671511212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+Conversion+%26+Management&rft.atitle=An+integrated+model+for+estimating+energy+cost+of+a+tidal+current+turbine+farm&rft.au=Li%2C+Ye%3BLence%2C+Barbara+J%3BCalisal%2C+Sander+M&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ye&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Energy+Conversion+%26+Management&rft.issn=01968904&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.enconman.2010.10.031 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.10.031 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peak External Photocurrent Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 100% via MEG in a Quantum Dot Solar Cell AN - 1753510656; 16167524 AB - Multiple exciton generation (MEG) is a process that can occur in semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots (QDs), whereby absorption of a photon bearing at least twice the bandgap energy produces two or more electron-hole pairs. Here, we report on photocurrent enhancement arising from MEG in lead selenide (PbSe) QD-based solar cells, as manifested by an external quantum efficiency (the spectrally resolved ratio of collected charge carriers to incident photons) that peaked at 114 plus or minus 1% in the best device measured. The associated internal quantum efficiency (corrected for reflection and absorption losses) was 130%. We compare our results with transient absorption measurements of MEG in isolated PbSe QDs and find reasonable agreement. Our findings demonstrate that MEG charge carriers can be collected in suitably designed QD solar cells, providing ample incentive to better understand MEG within isolated and coupled QDs as a research path to enhancing the efficiency of solar light harvesting technologies. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Semonin, Octavi E AU - Luther, Joseph M AU - Choi, Sukgeun AU - Chen, Hsiang-Yu AU - Gao, Jianbo AU - Nozik, Arthur J AU - Beard, Matthew C AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA PY - 2011 SP - 1530 EP - 1533 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 United States VL - 334 IS - 6062 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN) KW - Photons KW - Quantum dots KW - Photocurrent KW - Solar cells KW - Semiconductors KW - Quantum efficiency KW - Charge carriers KW - Photoelectric effect KW - Photovoltaic cells UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1753510656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Peak+External+Photocurrent+Quantum+Efficiency+Exceeding+100%25+via+MEG+in+a+Quantum+Dot+Solar+Cell&rft.au=Semonin%2C+Octavi+E%3BLuther%2C+Joseph+M%3BChoi%2C+Sukgeun%3BChen%2C+Hsiang-Yu%3BGao%2C+Jianbo%3BNozik%2C+Arthur+J%3BBeard%2C+Matthew+C&rft.aulast=Semonin&rft.aufirst=Octavi&rft.date=2011-02-06&rft.volume=334&rft.issue=6062&rft.spage=1530&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-01-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Systems for electrical power from co-produced and low temperature geothermal resources AN - 1676579133; 2015-036738 JF - Quarterly Bulletin - Oregon Institute of Technology. Geo-Heat Center AU - Reinhardt, Timothy AU - Johnson, Lyle A AU - Popovich, Neil Y1 - 2011/02// PY - 2011 DA - February 2011 SP - 9 EP - 12 PB - Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, OR VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0276-1084, 0276-1084 KW - United States KW - Teapot Dome KW - survey organizations KW - Madison Formation KW - government agencies KW - power plants KW - Natrona County Wyoming KW - research KW - production KW - temperature KW - National Renewable Energy Lab KW - history KW - geothermal energy KW - Wyoming KW - progress report KW - Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center KW - report KW - low temperature KW - Geothermal Technologies Program KW - Casper Wyoming KW - Tensleep Sandstone KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1676579133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Bulletin+-+Oregon+Institute+of+Technology.+Geo-Heat+Center&rft.atitle=Systems+for+electrical+power+from+co-produced+and+low+temperature+geothermal+resources&rft.au=Reinhardt%2C+Timothy%3BJohnson%2C+Lyle+A%3BPopovich%2C+Neil&rft.aulast=Reinhardt&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quarterly+Bulletin+-+Oregon+Institute+of+Technology.+Geo-Heat+Center&rft.issn=02761084&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://geoheat.oit.edu/bulletin/bull29-4/bull29-4-link.htm http://www.oit.edu/orec/geo-heat-center/quarterly-bulletin LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2015-01-01 N1 - PubXState - OR N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - CODEN - GUCBDK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Casper Wyoming; geothermal energy; Geothermal Technologies Program; government agencies; history; low temperature; Madison Formation; National Renewable Energy Lab; Natrona County Wyoming; power plants; production; progress report; report; research; Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center; survey organizations; Teapot Dome; temperature; Tensleep Sandstone; United States; Wyoming ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In planta expression of A. cellulolyticus Cel5A endocellulase reduces cell wall recalcitrance in tobacco and maize AN - 864419588; 14388715 AB - The glycoside hydrolase family 5 endocellulase, E1 (Cel5A), from Acidothermus cellulolyticus was transformed into both Nicotiana tabacum and Zea mays with expression targeted to the cell wall under a constitutive promoter. Here we explore the possibility that in planta expression of endocellulases will allow these enzymes to access their substrates during cell wall construction, rendering cellulose more amenable to pretreatment and enzyme digestion. Tobacco and maize plants were healthy and developed normally compared with the wild type (WT). After thermochemical pretreatment and enzyme digestion, transformed plants were clearly more digestible than WT, requiring lower pretreatment severity to achieve comparable conversion levels. Furthermore, the decreased recalcitrance was not due to post-pretreatment residual E1 activity and could not be reproduced by the addition of exogenous E1 to the biomass prior to pretreatment, indicating that the expression of E1 during cell wall construction altered the inherent recalcitrance of the cell wall. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Selig, Michael J AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Lee, David AU - Blaylock, Michael J AU - Decker, Stephen R AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3323, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2011/01/26/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Jan 26 SP - 1 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL UK VL - 4 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Fuel technology KW - Cellulose KW - biofuels KW - Enzymes KW - Nicotiana tabacum KW - Biomass KW - Digestion KW - Promoters KW - Zea mays KW - Tobacco KW - glycoside hydrolase KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Cell walls KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864419588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=In+planta+expression+of+A.+cellulolyticus+Cel5A+endocellulase+reduces+cell+wall+recalcitrance+in+tobacco+and+maize&rft.au=Brunecky%2C+Roman%3BSelig%2C+Michael+J%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BLee%2C+David%3BBlaylock%2C+Michael+J%3BDecker%2C+Stephen+R&rft.aulast=Brunecky&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft.date=2011-01-26&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=1754-6834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-4-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Digestion; Promoters; Cellulose; glycoside hydrolase; Enzymes; Biomass; Biofuels; Cell walls; Fuel technology; biofuels; Tobacco; Biotechnology; Zea mays; Nicotiana tabacum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-4-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carbon taxes: a review of experience and policy design considerations AN - 876225925; 14883845 AB - State and local governments in the USA are evaluating a wide range of policies to reduce carbon emissions, including carbon taxes, which have existed internationally for nearly 20 years. In this article, existing carbon tax policies, both internationally and in the USA, are reviewed, and carbon policy design and effectiveness are analysed. Design considerations include which sectors to tax, where to set the tax rate, how to use tax revenues, what the impact will be on consumers, and how to ensure that emissions reduction goals are achieved. Emissions reductions that are due to carbon taxes can be difficult to measure, although some jurisdictions quantify reductions in overall emissions, others examine impacts that are due to programmes funded by carbon tax revenues. JF - Climate Policy AU - Sumner, Jenny AU - Bird, Lori AU - Dobos, Hillary AD - Corresponding author., jenny.sumner@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 922 PB - Earthscan, Dunstan House London EC1N 8XA UK VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1469-3062, 1469-3062 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - carbon tax KW - climate change policies KW - domestic policy instruments KW - GHG reductions KW - policy formation KW - Taxation KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - Public policy and climate KW - Emissions KW - Emission control KW - jurisdiction KW - Environmental policy KW - Carbon emissions KW - Design KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M2 551.58:Climatology (551.58) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/876225925?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Climate+Policy&rft.atitle=Carbon+taxes%3A+a+review+of+experience+and+policy+design+considerations&rft.au=Sumner%2C+Jenny%3BBird%2C+Lori%3BDobos%2C+Hillary&rft.aulast=Sumner&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=922&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Climate+Policy&rft.issn=14693062&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 19 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public policy and climate; Carbon emissions; Taxation; Reviews; Emissions; Emission control; jurisdiction; Environmental policy; Design; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conditioning of dilute-acid pretreated corn stover hydrolysate liquors by treatment with lime or ammonium hydroxide to improve conversion of sugars to ethanol AN - 1777117560; 14180420 AB - Dilute-acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass enhances the ability of enzymes to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose, but produces many toxic compounds that inhibit fermentation of sugars to ethanol. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of treating hydrolysate liquor with Ca(OH) sub(2) and NH sub(4)OH for improving ethanol yields. Corn stover was pretreated in a pilot-scale reactor and then the liquor fraction (hydrolysate) was extracted and treated with various amounts of Ca(OH) sub(2) or NH sub(4)OH at several temperatures. Glucose and xylose in the treated liquor were fermented to ethanol using a glucose-xylose fermenting bacteria, Zymomonas mobilis 8b. Sugar losses up to 10% occurred during treatment with Ca(OH) sub(2), but these losses were two to fourfold lower with NH sub(4)OH treatment. Ethanol yields for NH sub(4)OH-treated hydrolysate were 33% greater than those achieved in Ca(OH) sub(2)-treated hydrolysate and pH adjustment to either 6.0 or 8.5 with NH sub(4)OH prior to fermentation produced equivalent ethanol yields. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Jennings, Edward W AU - Schell, Daniel J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, United States ed.jennings@nrel.gov Y1 - 2011/01// PY - 2011 DA - January 2011 SP - 1240 EP - 1245 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 102 IS - 2 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE) KW - Cellulose KW - Conditioning KW - Detoxification KW - Ammonium hydroxide KW - Overliming KW - Bacteria KW - Fermentation KW - Ethyl alcohol KW - Corn KW - Glucose KW - Sugars KW - Hydrolysates KW - Ethanol KW - Dilution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777117560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Conditioning+of+dilute-acid+pretreated+corn+stover+hydrolysate+liquors+by+treatment+with+lime+or+ammonium+hydroxide+to+improve+conversion+of+sugars+to+ethanol&rft.au=Jennings%2C+Edward+W%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2010.08.024 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of alkaline or liquid-ammonia treatment on crystalline cellulose: changes in crystalline structure and effects on enzymatic digestibility AN - 1028037695; 16899418 AB - Background: In converting biomass to bioethanol, pretreatment is a key step intended to render cellulose more amenable and accessible to cellulase enzymes and thus increase glucose yields. In this study, four cellulose samples with different degrees of polymerization and crystallinity indexes were subjected to aqueous sodium hydroxide and anhydrous liquid ammonia treatments. The effects of the treatments on cellulose crystalline structure were studied, in addition to the effects on the digestibility of the celluloses by a cellulase complex. Results: From X-ray diffractograms and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, it was revealed that treatment with liquid ammonia produced the cellulose III sub(I )allomorph; however, crystallinity depended on treatment conditions. Treatment at a low temperature (25 degree C) resulted in a less crystalline product, whereas treatment at elevated temperatures (130 degree C or 140 degree C) gave a more crystalline product. Treatment of cellulose I with aqueous sodium hydroxide (16.5 percent by weight) resulted in formation of cellulose II, but also produced a much less crystalline cellulose. The relative digestibilities of the different cellulose allomorphs were tested by exposing the treated and untreated cellulose samples to a commercial enzyme mixture (Genencor-Danisco; GC 220). The digestibility results showed that the starting cellulose I samples were the least digestible (except for corn stover cellulose, which had a high amorphous content). Treatment with sodium hydroxide produced the most digestible cellulose, followed by treatment with liquid ammonia at a low temperature. Factor analysis indicated that initial rates of digestion (up to 24 hours) were most strongly correlated with amorphous content. Correlation of allomorph type with digestibility was weak, but was strongest with cellulose conversion at later times. The cellulose III sub(I )samples produced at higher temperatures had comparable crystallinities to the initial cellulose I samples, but achieved higher levels of cellulose conversion, at longer digestion times. Conclusions: Earlier studies have focused on determining which cellulose allomorph is the most digestible. In this study we have found that the chemical treatments to produce different allomorphs also changed the crystallinity of the cellulose, and this had a significant effect on the digestibility of the substrate. When determining the relative digestibilities of different cellulose allomorphs it is essential to also consider the relative crystallinities of the celluloses being tested. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Mittal, Ashutosh AU - Katahira, Rui AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Johnson, David K AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 41 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Crystallinity KW - Polymerization KW - Factor analysis KW - Cellulose KW - Glucose KW - Cellulase KW - Digestion KW - Guanylate cyclase KW - Sodium hydroxide KW - Low temperature KW - N.M.R. KW - Ethanol KW - Temperature effects KW - Ammonia KW - Temperature KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Sodium KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Digestibility KW - Hydroxides KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1028037695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Effects+of+alkaline+or+liquid-ammonia+treatment+on+crystalline+cellulose%3A+changes+in+crystalline+structure+and+effects+on+enzymatic+digestibility&rft.au=Mittal%2C+Ashutosh%3BKatahira%2C+Rui%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BJohnson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Mittal&rft.aufirst=Ashutosh&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-4-41 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/41 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 54 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Crystallinity; Polymerization; Factor analysis; Ammonia; Cellulose; Glucose; Enzymes; Biomass; Cellulase; Digestion; Guanylate cyclase; Sodium hydroxide; Ionizing radiation; Digestibility; N.M.R.; Biofuels; Ethanol; Sodium; Low temperature; Temperature; Hydroxides; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-4-41 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elucidating the role of ferrous ion cocatalyst in enhancing dilute acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass AN - 1028028848; 16899425 AB - Background: Recently developed iron cocatalyst enhancement of dilute acid pretreatment of biomass is a promising approach for enhancing sugar release from recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass. However, very little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this enhancement. In the current study, our aim was to identify several essential factors that contribute to ferrous ion-enhanced efficiency during dilute acid pretreatment of biomass and to initiate the investigation of the mechanisms that result in this enhancement. Results: During dilute acid and ferrous ion cocatalyst pretreatments, we observed concomitant increases in solubilized sugars in the hydrolysate and reducing sugars in the (insoluble) biomass residues. We also observed enhancements in sugar release during subsequent enzymatic saccharification of iron cocatalyst-pretreated biomass. Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy showed that major peaks representing the C-O-C and C-H bonds in cellulose are significantly attenuated by iron cocatalyst pretreatment. Imaging using Prussian blue staining indicated that Fe super(2+ )ions associate with both cellulose/xylan and lignin in untreated as well as dilute acid/Fe super(2+ )ion-pretreated corn stover samples. Analyses by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed structural details of biomass after dilute acid/Fe super(2+ )ion pretreatment, in which delamination and fibrillation of the cell wall were observed. Conclusions: By using this multimodal approach, we have revealed that (1) acid-ferrous ion-assisted pretreatment increases solubilization and enzymatic digestion of both cellulose and xylan to monomers and (2) this pretreatment likely targets multiple chemistries in plant cell wall polymer networks, including those represented by the C-O-C and C-H bonds in cellulose. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Wei, Hui AU - Donohoe, Bryon S AU - Vinzant, Todd B AU - Ciesielski, Peter N AU - Wang, Wei AU - Gedvilas, Lynn M AU - Zeng, Yining AU - Johnson, David K AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Tucker, Melvin P AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 SP - 48 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL United Kingdom VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1754-6834, 1754-6834 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - dilute acid pretreatment KW - iron cocatalyst KW - ferrous ions KW - metal cocatalyst KW - biomass KW - cellulose KW - corn stover KW - cotton linter KW - filter paper KW - Fourier transform KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - Fuel technology KW - Transmission electron microscopy KW - Cellulose KW - Plant cells KW - Solubilization KW - Corn KW - Hydrolysates KW - Sugar KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Biomass KW - imaging KW - Monomers KW - Fourier transforms KW - Xylan KW - Fibrillation KW - Microscopy KW - Lignin KW - Iron KW - Biotechnology KW - Biofuels KW - Cell walls KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1028028848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Elucidating+the+role+of+ferrous+ion+cocatalyst+in+enhancing+dilute+acid+pretreatment+of+lignocellulosic+biomass&rft.au=Wei%2C+Hui%3BDonohoe%2C+Bryon+S%3BVinzant%2C+Todd+B%3BCiesielski%2C+Peter+N%3BWang%2C+Wei%3BGedvilas%2C+Lynn+M%3BZeng%2C+Yining%3BJohnson%2C+David+K%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Hui&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=17546834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-4-48 L2 - http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/4/1/48 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-07-01 N1 - Number of references - 25 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scanning electron microscopy; Sugar; Transmission electron microscopy; Cellulose; Biomass; imaging; Monomers; Raman spectroscopy; Plant cells; Xylan; Fibrillation; Solubilization; Lignin; Iron; Hydrolysates; Biofuels; Cell walls; Fuel technology; Fourier transforms; Corn; Microscopy; Biotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-4-48 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Systems for electrical power from coproduced and low temperature geothermal resources AN - 1008820018; 2012-039629 JF - Proceedings - Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering AU - Reinhardt, Timothy AU - Johnson, Lyle A AU - Popovich, Neil AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 PB - Stanford University, Stanford Geothermal Program, Stanford, CA VL - 191 SN - 1058-2525, 1058-2525 KW - geothermal energy KW - programs KW - geothermal reservoirs KW - geothermal exploration KW - energy sources KW - low temperature KW - power plants KW - production KW - design KW - temperature KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008820018?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Workshop+on+Geothermal+Reservoir+Engineering&rft.atitle=Systems+for+electrical+power+from+coproduced+and+low+temperature+geothermal+resources&rft.au=Reinhardt%2C+Timothy%3BJohnson%2C+Lyle+A%3BPopovich%2C+Neil%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Reinhardt&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Workshop+on+Geothermal+Reservoir+Engineering&rft.issn=10582525&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/pdf/IGAstandard/SGW/2011/reinhardt.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 36th workshop on Geothermal reservoir engineering N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - SuppNotes - Stanford Geothermal Program workshop report SGP-TR-191 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - design; energy sources; geothermal energy; geothermal exploration; geothermal reservoirs; low temperature; power plants; production; programs; temperature ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of direct-use projects AN - 1008818716; 2012-039563 JF - Proceedings - Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering AU - Lund, John W AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2011 PY - 2011 DA - 2011 PB - Stanford University, Stanford Geothermal Program, Stanford, CA VL - 191 SN - 1058-2525, 1058-2525 KW - consumption KW - geothermal wells KW - production KW - temperature KW - geothermal energy KW - utilization KW - energy sources KW - buildings KW - economics KW - instruments KW - high temperature KW - design KW - demand KW - 29A:Economic geology, geology of energy sources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1008818716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+-+Workshop+on+Geothermal+Reservoir+Engineering&rft.atitle=Development+of+direct-use+projects&rft.au=Lund%2C+John+W%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Lund&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+-+Workshop+on+Geothermal+Reservoir+Engineering&rft.issn=10582525&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/pdf/IGAstandard/SGW/2011/lund.pdf LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 36th workshop on Geothermal reservoir engineering N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - PubXState - CA N1 - Document feature - illus. N1 - SuppNotes - Stanford Geothermal Program workshop report SGP-TR-191 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - buildings; consumption; demand; design; economics; energy sources; geothermal energy; geothermal wells; high temperature; instruments; production; temperature; utilization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of techniques for measuring carrier lifetime in thin-film and multicrystalline photovoltaic materials AN - 849485493; 13947772 AB - Rapid and contactless measurement of the recombination lifetime has become a very important issue in photovoltaics. The recombination lifetime is probably the most critical and variable parameter in photovoltaic materials. In this work, we will first develop the theory behind several of the more widely used techniques. The common methods include directly measuring the transient photo-induced excess carrier decay rate. The quasi-steady-state photoconductivity measures the excess conductivity during optical excitation. The carrier lifetime is calculated from the steady-state signal using algorithms that include carrier mobility and doping density. Time-resolved photoluminescence measures the photon emission signal as a function of time, after pulsed excitation. For polycrystalline materials, the influence of traps on the measurement will be analyzed. We will analyze data on a variety of samples using all of these techniques. The representative samples include thin-film and wafer silicon materials that are currently popular in the photovoltaic community. The correct analysis of lifetime data will be emphasized in this work. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Ahrenkiel, R K AU - Call, N AU - Johnston, S W AU - Metzger, W K AD - Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA rahren@mac.comrichard_ahrenkiel@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - Dec 2010 SP - 2197 EP - 2204 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 94 IS - 12 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/849485493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+techniques+for+measuring+carrier+lifetime+in+thin-film+and+multicrystalline+photovoltaic+materials&rft.au=Ahrenkiel%2C+R+K%3BCall%2C+N%3BJohnston%2C+S+W%3BMetzger%2C+W+K&rft.aulast=Ahrenkiel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2010.07.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-11 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2010.07.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A method to measure resistivity, mobility, and absorber thickness in thin-film solar cells with application to CdTe devices AN - 1777148236; 13947751 AB - We report a method developed upon coordinated admittance spectroscopy and capacitance-voltage techniques to measure resistivity, mobility, and absorber thickness in thin-film photovoltaic devices. The absorber thickness is measured by depletion region width at freeze-out temperatures when the free carriers cease to respond to bias modulation. Based on a lumped-parameter equivalent-circuit model, we derive the inflection frequency due to dielectric relaxation of the absorber. We show that the square of freeze-out frequency depends linearly on bias voltage. Resistivity - and mobility - is calculated from the slope of this linear dependence. To demonstrate this method, we applied it to thin-film CdTe solar cells with back contacts formed under three different conditions: (A) with Cu in the carbon paste after nitric-phosphoric etch, (B) without Cu in the carbon paste after nitric-phosphoric etch, and (C) without Cu in the carbon paste and without nitric-phosphoric etch. The measured absorber thicknesses (5.45, 5.85, and 7.95 km, respectively) agree well with growth history and other methods. Study using this method also yields insights to back-contact formation mechanism in terms of etching loss, Te-rich layer, and Cu doping/alloying. The freeze-out exhibits thermal activation due to combined contribution from mobility and carrier concentration. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Li, Jian V AU - Li, Xiaonan AU - Albin, David S AU - Levi, Dean H AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA jian.li@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/12// PY - 2010 DA - December 2010 SP - 2073 EP - 2077 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 94 IS - 12 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Ceramic Abstracts/World Ceramics Abstracts (WC); Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Admittance spectroscopy KW - Capacitance-voltage KW - Mobility KW - Absorber thickness KW - CdTe KW - Back contact KW - Mathematical models KW - Carbon KW - Solar cells KW - Electrical resistivity KW - Copper KW - Etching KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Alloying UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777148236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=A+method+to+measure+resistivity%2C+mobility%2C+and+absorber+thickness+in+thin-film+solar+cells+with+application+to+CdTe+devices&rft.au=Li%2C+Jian+V%3BLi%2C+Xiaonan%3BAlbin%2C+David+S%3BLevi%2C+Dean+H&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Jian&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2010.06.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2010.06.018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deactivation mechanisms of Ni-based tar reforming catalysts as monitored by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. AN - 760237527; 20586431 AB - Deactivation mechanisms of alumina-supported, Ni-based catalysts for tar reforming in biomass-derived syngas were evaluated using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Catalysts were characterized before and after catalytic reaction cycles and regeneration procedures, which included oxidation by a mixture of steam and air, and reduction in hydrogen. Qualitative analysis of the EXAFS spectra revealed that oxidation of a portion of the Ni in the catalysts to form an oxide phase and/or a sulfide phase were likely scenarios that led to catalyst deactivation with time-on-stream and with increased reaction cycles. Deactivation through carbon deposition, phosphorus poisoning, or changes in particle size were deemed as unlikely causes. Quantitative analysis of the EXAFS spectra indicated sulfur poisoning occurred with time-on-stream, and the contaminating species could not be completely removed during the regeneration protocols. The results also verified that Ni-containing oxide phases (most likely a spinel also containing Mg and Al) formed and contributed to the deactivation. This study validates the need for developing catalyst systems that will protect Ni from sulfur poisoning and oxide formation at elevated reaction and regeneration temperatures. JF - Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids AU - Yung, Matthew M AU - Kuhn, John N AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. matthew_yung@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/11/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Nov 02 SP - 16589 EP - 16594 VL - 26 IS - 21 KW - Nickel KW - 7OV03QG267 KW - Aluminum Oxide KW - LMI26O6933 KW - Index Medicus KW - X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy KW - Particle Size KW - Kinetics KW - Surface Properties KW - Catalysis KW - Aluminum Oxide -- chemistry KW - Nickel -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760237527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Langmuir+%3A+the+ACS+journal+of+surfaces+and+colloids&rft.atitle=Deactivation+mechanisms+of+Ni-based+tar+reforming+catalysts+as+monitored+by+X-ray+absorption+spectroscopy.&rft.au=Yung%2C+Matthew+M%3BKuhn%2C+John+N&rft.aulast=Yung&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=16589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Langmuir+%3A+the+ACS+journal+of+surfaces+and+colloids&rft.issn=1520-5827&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fla1016593 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2010-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la1016593 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineralogical and textural controls on thermal conductivity; an example from South Table Mountain, Golden, CO AN - 902080741; 2011-096868 AB - A material's ability to conduct heat and the ability to measure such a property has led to the utilization of thermal conductivity and the testing thereof in a wide range of research areas and industries. Controlling factors include, but are not limited to, a rock's mineral assemblage/rock type, fluid type, fluid saturation level, porosity and permeability, crystal structure and crystal orientation. As part of a larger study into the installation of ground source heat pumps to deliver geothermal energy, we present integrated results from stratigraphy, automated mineralogy, and geotechnical and thermal conductivity testing carried out on a 300-foot wireline core section obtained from South Table Mountain, Golden, CO. The aim of this study is to link lithologic units, mineralogical and also textural changes (e.g. grain size distribution, laminations etc.) within key units of the Upper Cretaceous- to late Tertiary-age Denver Formation and the overlying Tertiary-age shoshonites with physical (thermal) variations. With nearly 90% wireline core recovery and approximately 70% Rock Quality Designation (RQD), this study presents a unique opportunity to evaluate a very detailed record of the Denver Formation (interbedded horizons of shale, siltstone and lenticular andesitic sandstone). Initial results suggest that, even though thermal conductivity values are generally low and display only a narrow range, mineralogical and textural changes are greater than previously recognized. Hence, findings of this study will greatly contribute to our understanding of the relationship between a rock's intrinsic characteristics and its ability to conduct heat. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Appleby, Sarah K AU - Roberts, Todd AU - Anderson, Erin AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 583 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - United States KW - Golden Colorado KW - volcanic rocks KW - thermal conductivity KW - Jefferson County Colorado KW - Cretaceous KW - igneous rocks KW - sandstone KW - Upper Cretaceous KW - cores KW - Cenozoic KW - controls KW - sedimentary rocks KW - mineral composition KW - materials KW - heat flow KW - siltstone KW - basalts KW - mineral assemblages KW - sedimentary structures KW - Denver Formation KW - shoshonite KW - laminations KW - textures KW - shale KW - grain size KW - South Table Mountain KW - porosity KW - Mesozoic KW - measurement KW - Tertiary KW - planar bedding structures KW - saturation KW - Colorado KW - clastic rocks KW - permeability KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902080741?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Mineralogical+and+textural+controls+on+thermal+conductivity%3B+an+example+from+South+Table+Mountain%2C+Golden%2C+CO&rft.au=Appleby%2C+Sarah+K%3BRoberts%2C+Todd%3BAnderson%2C+Erin%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Appleby&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basalts; Cenozoic; clastic rocks; Colorado; controls; cores; Cretaceous; Denver Formation; Golden Colorado; grain size; heat flow; igneous rocks; Jefferson County Colorado; laminations; materials; measurement; Mesozoic; mineral assemblages; mineral composition; permeability; planar bedding structures; porosity; sandstone; saturation; sedimentary rocks; sedimentary structures; shale; shoshonite; siltstone; South Table Mountain; Tertiary; textures; thermal conductivity; United States; Upper Cretaceous; volcanic rocks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical characterization of biomass-derived and terra preta chars with pyrolysis mass spectrometry AN - 864945551; 2011-042099 AB - Biomass is a complex polymeric material and its thermal decomposition via pyrolysis is a multistage process that forms solid, liquid, and gaseous products with yields, carbon content, and pore structure dependent on process conditions. Transforming biomass into charcoal causes a 60-70% weight loss, rearrangement of the original sugars to aromatics, and formation of a porous and reactive carbon surface. The resulting charcoal has a variety of chemical functionalities on its surface, which also depend on feedstock and process temperature. Charcoal-like terra preta deposits, which are characterized by enhanced microbial and fungal activity, and found in both temperate and tropical climates, have been definitively linked with increased soil productivity. FTIR analysis has shown the presence of alkyl aromatic units that contain hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, ether, and lactone structures on char surfaces. We are using pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry, a technique that is useful for characterizing biomolecules, to chemically characterize both naturally occurring and produced chars. Analytical results will be discussed that compare similarities and differences between natural terra preta and engineered biochars. JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Magrini-Bair, Kimberly A AU - Evans, Robert J AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010/11// PY - 2010 DA - November 2010 SP - 159 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - soils KW - charcoal KW - chemical analysis KW - terra preta KW - biomass KW - characterization KW - mass spectroscopy KW - organic compounds KW - pyrolysis KW - hydrocarbons KW - chemical properties KW - transformations KW - spectroscopy KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 02A:General geochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864945551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Chemical+characterization+of+biomass-derived+and+terra+preta+chars+with+pyrolysis+mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Magrini-Bair%2C+Kimberly+A%3BEvans%2C+Robert+J%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Magrini-Bair&rft.aufirst=Kimberly&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 2010 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; biomass; characterization; charcoal; chemical analysis; chemical properties; hydrocarbons; mass spectroscopy; organic compounds; pyrolysis; soils; spectroscopy; terra preta; transformations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shell anomalies observed in a population of Archaias angulatus (Foraminifera) from the Florida Keys (USA) sampled in 1982-83 and 2006-07 AN - 913701623; 2012-008998 AB - Archived specimens of Archaias angulatus collected live at a depth of <2 m in John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park, Key Largo, Florida, in June, September, and December 1982, and March 1983, were compared to specimens collected live from the same site and months in 2006-07. Shells were examined using light microscopy for anomalous features, which were then documented using scanning electron microscopy. Seven different types of morphological abnormalities and five different surface texture anomalies were observed. Physical abnormalities included profoundly deformed, curled, asymmetrical, and uncoiled shells, irregular suture lines, surface protrusions, and breakage/repair. Textural anomalies observed were surface pits, dissolution features, microborings, microbial biofilms, and the presence of epibionts, including bryzoans, cyanobacteria, and foraminifers. The same kinds of features were found in this A. angulatus population in both 1982-83 collections and 2006-07 collections. Within-date variability was higher in specimens collected in 1982-83, while between-date variability was higher in 2006-07; overall the range of variability was similar. Given that the site was originally chosen for study because these foraminifers were so abundant, the lack of significant change indicates that the variability of the geochemical habitat is still within the range that A. angulatus can thrive. JF - Marine Micropaleontology AU - Crevison Souder, Heidi AU - McCloskey, Bryan AU - Hallock, Pamela AU - Byrne, Robert Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - October 2010 SP - 71 EP - 81 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 77 IS - 1-2 SN - 0377-8398, 0377-8398 KW - United States KW - Florida Keys KW - Protista KW - living taxa KW - statistical analysis KW - Archaias angulatus KW - Monroe County Florida KW - Florida KW - cluster analysis KW - morphology KW - Key Largo KW - Foraminifera KW - ultrastructure KW - John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park KW - tests KW - Invertebrata KW - SEM data KW - 10:Invertebrate paleontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/913701623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+Micropaleontology&rft.atitle=Shell+anomalies+observed+in+a+population+of+Archaias+angulatus+%28Foraminifera%29+from+the+Florida+Keys+%28USA%29+sampled+in+1982-83+and+2006-07&rft.au=Crevison+Souder%2C+Heidi%3BMcCloskey%2C+Bryan%3BHallock%2C+Pamela%3BByrne%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Crevison+Souder&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marine+Micropaleontology&rft.issn=03778398&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.marmicro.2010.07.005 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03778398 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 50 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 plates, 3 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - NSF Grant CHE-0221834 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MAMIDH N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Archaias angulatus; cluster analysis; Florida; Florida Keys; Foraminifera; Invertebrata; John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park; Key Largo; living taxa; Monroe County Florida; morphology; Protista; SEM data; statistical analysis; tests; ultrastructure; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.07.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Simplified Method for the Measurement of Insoluble Solids in Pretreated Biomass Slurries AN - 872124256; 13751493 AB - The biochemical conversion of cellulosic biomass to liquid transportation fuels includes the breakdown of biomass into its soluble, fermentable components. Pretreatment, the initial step in the conversion process, results in heterogeneous slurry comprised of both soluble and insoluble biomass components. For the purpose of tracking the progress of the conversion process, it is important to be able to accurately measure the fraction of insoluble biomass solids in the slurry. The current standard method involves separating the solids from the free liquor and then repeatedly washing the solids to remove the soluble fraction, a laborious and tedious process susceptible to operator variations. In this paper, we propose an alternative method for calculating the fraction of insoluble solids which does not require a washing step. The proposed method involves measuring the dry matter content of the whole slurry as well as the dry matter content in the isolated liquor fraction. We compared the two methods using three different pretreated biomass slurry samples and two oven-drying techniques for determining dry matter content, an important measurement for both methods. We also evaluated a large set of fraction insoluble solids data collected from previously analyzed pretreated samples. The proposed new method provided statistically equivalent results to the standard washing method when an infrared balance was used for determining dry matter content in the controlled measurement experiment. Similarly, in the large historical data set, there was no statistical difference shown between the wash and no-wash methods. The new method is offered as an alternative method for determining the fraction of insoluble solids. JF - Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology AU - Weiss, Noah D AU - Stickel, Jonathan J AU - Wolfe, Jeffrey L AU - Nguyen, Quang A AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO, 80401, USA, jonathan.stickel@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 975 EP - 987 PB - Humana Press Inc., 999 Riverview Dr., Ste. 208 Totowa NJ 07512 United States of America VL - 162 IS - 4 SN - 0273-2289, 0273-2289 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Statistics KW - Slurries KW - Fuels KW - Dry matter KW - Biomass KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/872124256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=A+Simplified+Method+for+the+Measurement+of+Insoluble+Solids+in+Pretreated+Biomass+Slurries&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Noah+D%3BStickel%2C+Jonathan+J%3BWolfe%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BNguyen%2C+Quang+A&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Biochemistry+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=02732289&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12010-009-8806-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-12-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Statistics; Data processing; Fuels; Slurries; Dry matter; Biomass DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8806-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterologous Expression and Extracellular Secretion of Cellulolytic Enzymes by Zymomonas mobilis AN - 807288216; 13812585 AB - Development of the strategy known as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) involves the use of a single microorganism to convert pretreated lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol through the simultaneous production of saccharolytic enzymes and fermentation of the liberated monomeric sugars. In this report, the initial steps toward achieving this goal in the fermentation host Zymomonas mobilis were investigated by expressing heterologous cellulases and subsequently examining the potential to secrete these cellulases extracellularly. Numerous strains of Z. mobilis were found to possess endogenous extracellular activities against carboxymethyl cellulose, suggesting that this microorganism may harbor a favorable environment for the production of additional cellulolytic enzymes. The heterologous expression of two cellulolytic enzymes, E1 and GH12 from Acidothermus cellulolyticus, was examined. Both proteins were successfully expressed as soluble, active enzymes in Z. mobilis although to different levels. While the E1 enzyme was less abundantly expressed, the GH12 enzyme comprised as much as 4.6% of the total cell protein. Additionally, fusing predicted secretion signals native to Z. mobilis to the N termini of E1 and GH12 was found to direct the extracellular secretion of significant levels of active E1 and GH12 enzymes. The subcellular localization of the intracellular pools of cellulases revealed that a significant portion of both the E1 and GH12 secretion constructs resided in the periplasmic space. Our results strongly suggest that Z. mobilis is capable of supporting the expression and secretion of high levels of cellulases relevant to biofuel production, thereby serving as a foundation for developing Z. mobilis into a CBP platform organism. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Linger, Jeffrey G AU - Adney, William S AU - Darzins, Al AD - National Bioenergy Center Y1 - 2010/10/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Oct 01 SP - 6360 EP - 6369 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA VL - 76 IS - 19 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Environment Abstracts KW - Cellulolytic enzymes KW - Fuel technology KW - Sugar KW - Periplasmic space KW - Fermentation KW - Secretion KW - biofuels KW - Cellulolytic microorganisms KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - Cellulase KW - Carboxymethylcellulose KW - secretion signals KW - Microorganisms KW - Proteins KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - A 01310:Products of Microorganisms KW - J 02490:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807288216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Heterologous+Expression+and+Extracellular+Secretion+of+Cellulolytic+Enzymes+by+Zymomonas+mobilis&rft.au=Linger%2C+Jeffrey+G%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BDarzins%2C+Al&rft.aulast=Linger&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=6360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-08-05 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cellulolytic enzymes; Sugar; Fermentation; Periplasmic space; Secretion; Cellulolytic microorganisms; Enzymes; Biomass; Cellulase; Carboxymethylcellulose; secretion signals; Microorganisms; Biofuels; Ethanol; Fuel technology; biofuels; Proteins; Zymomonas mobilis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Three-dimensional effects and arm effects on modeling a vertical axis tidal current turbine AN - 745936218; 13139541 AB - Three-dimensional effects in studying a vertical axis tidal current turbine are modeled using a newly developed vortex method. The effects on predicting power output and wake trajectory are analyzed in particular. The numerical results suggest that three-dimensional effects are not significant when the height of the turbine is more than seven times the turbine radius. Further discussions are presented focusing on the relationship between the turbine height and the angle of attack and the induced velocity on a blade of the turbine without arms. Besides the three-dimensional effects, arms effects are quantified with an analytical derivation of the polynomial formula of the relationship between arm effects and the tip speed ratio of the turbine. Such a formula provides a correction for existing numerical models to predict the power output of a turbine. Moreover, a series towing tank tests are conducted to study the three-dimensional effects as well as the arm effects. Good agreements are achieved between the results obtained with numerical calculations with the arm effects correction and the towing tank tests. Finally, three-dimensional effects are examined experimentally together with the arm effects by using an end-plate test, which suggests that the combinational effect is rather minimal. For turbine designers at the early design stage, we recommend that a two-dimensional model is acceptable considering the high cost of the three-dimensional model. JF - Renewable Energy AU - Li, Ye AU - Calisal, Sander M AD - National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, MS 3811, Golden, CO 80401, USA, ye.li@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/10// PY - 2010 DA - Oct 2010 SP - 2325 EP - 2334 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 35 IS - 10 SN - 0960-1481, 0960-1481 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Resource management KW - Mathematical models KW - Velocity KW - Developmental stages KW - Towing tanks KW - Tidal currents KW - Turbines KW - Renewable resources KW - Renewable energy KW - Tidal models KW - Environment management KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09167:Tides, surges and sea level UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745936218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renewable+Energy&rft.atitle=Three-dimensional+effects+and+arm+effects+on+modeling+a+vertical+axis+tidal+current+turbine&rft.au=Li%2C+Ye%3BCalisal%2C+Sander+M&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ye&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Renewable+Energy&rft.issn=09601481&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.renene.2010.03.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Turbines; Renewable resources; Resource management; Mathematical models; Developmental stages; Tidal models; Towing tanks; Environment management; Tidal currents; Renewable energy; Velocity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.03.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Unique Binding Mode of Cellulosomal CBM4 from Clostridium thermocellum Cellobiohydrolase A AN - 907150099; 14334588 AB - The crystal structure of the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) 4 Ig fused domain from the cellulosomal cellulase cellobiohydrolase A (CbhA) of Clostridium thermocellum was solved in complex with cellobiose at 2.11 Aa resolution. This is the first cellulosomal CBM4 crystal structure reported to date. It is similar to the previously solved noncellulosomal soluble oligosaccharide-binding CBM4 structures. However, this new structure possesses a significant feature - a binding site peptide loop with a tryptophan (Trp118) residing midway in the loop. Based on sequence alignment, this structural feature might be common to all cellulosomal clostridial CBM4 modules. Our results indicate that C. thermocellum CbhA CBM4 also has an extended binding pocket that can optimally bind to cellodextrins containing five or more sugar units. Molecular dynamics simulations and experimental binding studies with the Trp118Ala mutant suggest that Trp118 contributes to the binding and, possibly, the orientation of the module to soluble cellodextrins. Furthermore, the binding cleft aromatic residues Trp68 and Tyr110 play a crucial role in binding to bacterial microcrystalline cellulose (BMCC), amorphous cellulose, and soluble oligodextrins. Binding to BMCC is in disagreement with the structural features of the binding pocket, which does not support binding to the flat surface of crystalline cellulose, suggesting that CBM4 binds the amorphous part or the cellulose "whiskers" of BMCC. We propose that clostridial CBM4s have possibly evolved to bind the free-chain ends of crystalline cellulose in addition to their ability to bind soluble cellodextrins. JF - Journal of Molecular Biology AU - Alahuhta, Markus AU - Xu, Qi AU - Bomble, Yannick J AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Adney, William S AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Lunin, Vladimir V AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401, USA, vladimir.lunin@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/09/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 17 SP - 374 EP - 387 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 402 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2836, 0022-2836 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Tryptophan KW - Sugar KW - cellobiose KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Cellulose KW - Crystal structure KW - Clostridium thermocellum KW - cellobiohydrolase KW - Aromatics KW - Cellulase KW - Immunoglobulins KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/907150099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=The+Unique+Binding+Mode+of+Cellulosomal+CBM4+from+Clostridium+thermocellum+Cellobiohydrolase+A&rft.au=Alahuhta%2C+Markus%3BXu%2C+Qi%3BBomble%2C+Yannick+J%3BBrunecky%2C+Roman%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BLunin%2C+Vladimir+V&rft.aulast=Alahuhta&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft.volume=402&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=00222836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jmb.2010.07.028 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Tryptophan; cellobiose; Nucleotide sequence; Cellulose; Crystal structure; Cellulase; Aromatics; cellobiohydrolase; Immunoglobulins; Clostridium thermocellum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2010.07.028 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic impact of total solids loading on enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated corn stover AN - 869584005; 14820109 AB - In process integration studies of the biomass-to-ethanol conversion process, it is necessary to understand how cellulose conversion yields vary as a function of solids and enzyme loading and other key operating variables. The impact of solids loading on enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated corn stover slurry was determined using an experimental response surface design methodology. From the experimental work, an empirical correlation was obtained that expresses monomeric glucose yield from enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis as a function of solids loading, enzyme loading, and temperature. This correlation was used in a technoeconomic model to study the impact of solids loading on ethanol production economics. The empirical correlation was used to provide a more realistic assessment of process cost by accounting for changes in cellulose conversion yields at different solids and enzyme loadings as well as enzyme cost. As long as enzymatic cellulose conversion drops off at higher total solids loading (due to end-product inhibition or other factors), there is an optimum value for the total solids loading that minimizes the ethanol production cost. The optimum total solids loading shifts to higher values as enzyme cost decreases. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Humbird, David AU - Mohagheghi, Ali AU - Dowe, Nancy AU - Schell, Daniel J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, david.humbird@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/09/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 01 SP - 1245 EP - 1251 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 1520-6033, 1520-6033 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Integration KW - Slurries KW - Cellulose KW - Economics KW - Glucose KW - Enzymes KW - Hydrolysis KW - Ethanol KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869584005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=Economic+impact+of+total+solids+loading+on+enzymatic+hydrolysis+of+dilute+acid+pretreated+corn+stover&rft.au=Humbird%2C+David%3BMohagheghi%2C+Ali%3BDowe%2C+Nancy%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J&rft.aulast=Humbird&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=15206033&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbtpr.441 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Integration; Slurries; Economics; Cellulose; Glucose; Enzymes; Hydrolysis; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.441 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benefits of Power Electronic Interfaces for Distributed Energy Systems AN - 759316380; 13724985 AB - With the increasing use of distributed energy (DE) systems in industry and its technological advancement, it is becoming more important to understand the integration of these systems with the electric power systems. New markets and benefits for DE applications include the ability to provide ancillary services, improve energy efficiency, enhance power system reliability, and allow customer choice. Advanced power electronic (PE) interfaces will allow DE systems to provide increased functionality through improved power quality and voltage/volt-ampere reactive (VAR) support, increase electrical system compatibility by reducing the fault contributions, and flexibility in operations with various other DE sources, while reducing overall interconnection costs. This paper will examine the system integration issues associated with DE systems and show the benefits of using PE interfaces for such applications. JF - IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion AU - Kroposki, Benjamin AU - Pink, Christopher AU - DeBlasio, Richard AU - Thomas, Holly AU - Simoes, Marcelo AU - Sen, Pankaj K AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, USA Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 901 EP - 908 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue, 17th Fl New York NY 10016-5997 USA VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0885-8969, 0885-8969 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Energy efficiency KW - Electric power KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/759316380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Energy+Conversion&rft.atitle=Benefits+of+Power+Electronic+Interfaces+for+Distributed+Energy+Systems&rft.au=Kroposki%2C+Benjamin%3BPink%2C+Christopher%3BDeBlasio%2C+Richard%3BThomas%2C+Holly%3BSimoes%2C+Marcelo%3BSen%2C+Pankaj+K&rft.aulast=Kroposki&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IEEE+Transactions+on+Energy+Conversion&rft.issn=08858969&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTEC.2010.2053975 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Energy efficiency; Electric power DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2010.2053975 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Imaging Lignin-Downregulated Alfalfa Using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy AN - 1777100973; 13751148 AB - Targeted lignin modification in bioenergy crops could potentially improve conversion efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels. To better assess the impact of lignin modification on overall cell wall structure, wild-type and lignin-downregulated alfalfa lines were imaged using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. The 1,600-cm super(-1) Raman mode was used in CARS imaging to specifically represent the lignin signal in the plant cell walls. The intensities of the CARS signal follow the general trend of lignin contents in cell walls from both wild-type and lignin-downregulated plants. In the downregulated lines, the overall reduction of lignin content agreed with the previously reported chemical composition. However, greater reduction of lignin content in cell corners was observed by CARS imaging, which could account for the enhanced susceptibility to chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis observed previously. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Zeng, Yining AU - Saar, Brian G AU - Friedrich, Marcel G AU - Chen, Fang AU - Liu, Yu-San AU - Dixon, Richard A AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Xie, XSunney AU - Ding, Shi-You AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO, 80401, USA Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - September 2010 SP - 272 EP - 277 PB - Springer New York, LLC, 233 Spring St New York NY 10013-1578 United States of America VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Reduction KW - Cars KW - Walls KW - Microscopy KW - Coherent scattering KW - Imaging KW - Alfalfa KW - Raman scattering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777100973?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=Imaging+Lignin-Downregulated+Alfalfa+Using+Coherent+Anti-Stokes+Raman+Scattering+Microscopy&rft.au=Zeng%2C+Yining%3BSaar%2C+Brian+G%3BFriedrich%2C+Marcel+G%3BChen%2C+Fang%3BLiu%2C+Yu-San%3BDixon%2C+Richard+A%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BXie%2C+XSunney%3BDing%2C+Shi-You&rft.aulast=Zeng&rft.aufirst=Yining&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-010-9079-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-010-9079-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of gas ambient on the synthesis of co-doped ZnO:(Al,N) films for photoelectrochemical water splitting AN - 1671310006; 15122196 AB - Al and N co-doped ZnO thin films, ZnO:(Al,N), are synthesized by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering in mixed Ar and N sub(2) and mixed O sub(2) and N sub(2) gas ambient at 100 degree C. The ZnO:(Al,N) films deposited in mixed Ar and N sub(2) gas ambient did not incorporate N, whereas ZnO:(Al,N) films grown in mixed O sub(2) and N sub(2) gas ambient showed enhanced N incorporation and crystallinity as compared to ZnO:N thin films grown in the same gas ambient. As a result, ZnO:(Al,N) films grown in mixed O sub(2) and N sub(2) gas ambient showed higher photocurrents than the ZnO:(Al,N) thin films deposited in mixed Ar and N sub(2) gas ambient. Our results indicate that the gas ambient plays an important role in N incorporation and crystallinity control in Al and N co-doped ZnO thin films. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Shet, Sudhakar AU - Ahn, Kwang-Soon AU - Deutsch, Todd AU - Wang, Heli AU - Nuggehalli, Ravindra AU - Yan, Yanfa AU - Turner, John AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2010/09/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Sep 01 SP - 5801 EP - 5805 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 195 IS - 17 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); Aluminium Industry Abstracts (AI) KW - ZnO KW - ZnO:(Al,N) KW - Co-doping KW - Gas ambient KW - Photoelectrochemical KW - Bandgap KW - Crystallinity KW - Zinc oxide KW - Photocurrent KW - Water splitting KW - Aluminum KW - Deposition KW - Synthesis KW - Thin films UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671310006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Influence+of+gas+ambient+on+the+synthesis+of+co-doped+ZnO%3A%28Al%2CN%29+films+for+photoelectrochemical+water+splitting&rft.au=Shet%2C+Sudhakar%3BAhn%2C+Kwang-Soon%3BDeutsch%2C+Todd%3BWang%2C+Heli%3BNuggehalli%2C+Ravindra%3BYan%2C+Yanfa%3BTurner%2C+John%3BAl-Jassim%2C+Mowafak&rft.aulast=Shet&rft.aufirst=Sudhakar&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=5801&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2010.03.058 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.03.058 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feedstock handling and processing effects on biochemical conversion to biofuels AN - 1017980870; 16718949 AB - Abating the dependence of the United States on foreign oil by reducing oil consumption and increasing biofuels usage will have far-reaching global effects. These include reduced greenhouse gas emissions and an increased demand for biofuel feedstocks. To support this increased demand, cellulosic feedstock production and conversion to biofuels (e.g. ethanol, butanol) is being aggressively researched. Thus far, research has primarily focused on optimizing feedstock production and ethanol conversion, with less attention given to the feedstock supply chain required to meet cost, quality, and quantity goals. This supply chain comprises a series of unit operations from feedstock harvest to feeding the conversion process. Our objectives in this review are (i) to summarize the peer-reviewed literature on harvest-to-reactor throat variables affecting feedstock composition and conversion to ethanol; (ii) to identify knowledge gaps; and (iii) to recommend future steps. ? 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd JF - Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining AU - Inman, Daniel AU - Nagle, Nick AU - Jacobson, Jacob AU - Searcy, Erin AU - Ray, Allison E AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, Daniel.Inman@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/09// PY - 2010 DA - Sep 2010 SP - 562 EP - 573 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 4 IS - 5 SN - 1932-1031, 1932-1031 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Feeding KW - Pharynx KW - Refining KW - butanol KW - Biofuels KW - Ethanol KW - Greenhouses KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017980870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.atitle=Feedstock+handling+and+processing+effects+on+biochemical+conversion+to+biofuels&rft.au=Inman%2C+Daniel%3BNagle%2C+Nick%3BJacobson%2C+Jacob%3BSearcy%2C+Erin%3BRay%2C+Allison+E&rft.aulast=Inman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biofuels%2C+Bioproducts+and+Biorefining&rft.issn=19321031&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbbb.241 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bbb.241/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oil; Feeding; Pharynx; Refining; butanol; Biofuels; Greenhouses; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.241 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nanoscience and nanostructures for photovoltaics and solar fuels. AN - 748936674; 20597472 AB - Quantum confinement of electronic particles (negative electrons and positive holes) in nanocrystals produces unique optical and electronic properties that have the potential to enhance the power conversion efficiency of solar cells for photovoltaic and solar fuels production at lower cost. These approaches and applications are labeled third generation solar photon conversion. Prominent among these unique properties is the efficient formation of more than one electron-hole pair (called excitons in nanocrystals) from a single absorbed photon. In isolated nanocrystals that have three-dimensional confinement of charge carriers (quantum dots) or two-dimensional confinement (quantum wires and rods) this process is termed multiple exciton generation. This Perspective presents a summary of our present understanding of the science of optoelectronic properties of nanocrystals and a prognosis for and review of the technological status of nanocrystals and nanostructures for third generation photovoltaic cells and solar fuels production. JF - Nano letters AU - Nozik, Arthur J AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. Y1 - 2010/08/11/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 11 SP - 2735 EP - 2741 VL - 10 IS - 8 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/748936674?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nano+letters&rft.atitle=Nanoscience+and+nanostructures+for+photovoltaics+and+solar+fuels.&rft.au=Nozik%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Nozik&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2010-08-11&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nano+letters&rft.issn=1530-6992&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fnl102122x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-11-22 N1 - Date created - 2010-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl102122x ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wind energy-related atmospheric boundary layer large-eddy simulation using OpenFOAM T2 - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AN - 1312950128; 6032443 JF - 19th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence AU - Churchfield, Matthew AU - Vijayakumar, G AU - Brasseur, J AU - Moriarty, P Y1 - 2010/08/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 02 KW - Simulation KW - Boundary layers KW - Atmospheric boundary layer KW - Wind KW - Oceanic eddies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312950128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.atitle=Wind+energy-related+atmospheric+boundary+layer+large-eddy+simulation+using+OpenFOAM&rft.au=Churchfield%2C+Matthew%3BVijayakumar%2C+G%3BBrasseur%2C+J%3BMoriarty%2C+P&rft.aulast=Churchfield&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2010-08-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=19th+Symposium+on+Boundary+Layers+and+Turbulence&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ams.confex.com/ams/19Ag19BLT9Urban/techprogram/programexpanded_637.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure of a fibronectin type III-like module from Clostridium thermocellum AN - 754896683; 13527562 AB - The 1.6 Aa resolution structure of a fibronectin type III-like module from Clostridium thermocellum (PDB code 3mpc) with two molecules in the asymmetric unit is reported. The crystals used for data collection belonged to space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 35.43, b = 45.73, c = 107.72 Aa, and the structure was refined to an R factor of 0.166. Structural comparisons found over 800 similar structures in the Protein Data Bank. The broad range of different proteins or protein domains with high structural similarity makes it especially demanding to classify these proteins. Previous studies of fibronectin type III-like modules have indicated that they might function as ligand-binding modules, as a compact form of peptide linkers or spacers between other domains, as cellulose-disrupting modules or as proteins that help large enzyme complexes remain soluble. JF - Acta Crystallographica Section F AU - Alahuhta, Markus AU - Xu, Qi AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Adney, William S AU - Ding, Shi-You AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Lunin, Vladimir V AD - aBioSciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3305, USA, vladimir.lunin@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 SP - 878 EP - 880 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 66 IS - 8 SN - 1744-3091, 1744-3091 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - fibronectin type III-like modules KW - X-domain KW - X-module KW - Data banks KW - R factors KW - Fibronectin KW - Enzymes KW - Spacer KW - Data collections KW - Crystals KW - Clostridium thermocellum KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754896683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Crystallographica+Section+F&rft.atitle=Structure+of+a+fibronectin+type+III-like+module+from+Clostridium+thermocellum&rft.au=Alahuhta%2C+Markus%3BXu%2C+Qi%3BBrunecky%2C+Roman%3BAdney%2C+William+S%3BDing%2C+Shi-You%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BLunin%2C+Vladimir+V&rft.aulast=Alahuhta&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=878&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Acta+Crystallographica+Section+F&rft.issn=17443091&rft_id=info:doi/10.1107%2FS1744309110022529 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data banks; R factors; Fibronectin; Enzymes; Spacer; Crystals; Data collections; Clostridium thermocellum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1744309110022529 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A techno-economic evaluation of the effects of centralized cellulosic ethanol and co-products refinery options with sugarcane mill clustering AN - 754531150; 13213928 AB - This work compares the calculated techno-economic performance for thermochemical and biochemical conversion of sugarcane residues, considering future conversion plants adjacent to sugarcane mills in Brazil. Process models developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory were adapted to reflect the Brazilian feedstock composition and used to estimate the cost and performance of these two conversion technologies. Models assumed that surplus bagasse from the mill would be used as the feedstock for conversion, while cane trash collected from the field would be used as supplementary fuel at the mill. The integration of the conversion technology to the mill enabled an additional ethanol production of 0.033 m super(3) per tonne of cane for the biochemical process and 0.025 m super(3) t super(-1) of cane plus 0.004 m super(3) t super(-1) of cane of higher alcohols for the thermochemical process. For both cases, electricity is an important co-product for the biorefinery, but especially for biochemical conversion, with surpluses of about 50 kWh t super(-1) of cane. The economic performance of the two technologies is quite similar in terms of the minimum ethanol selling price (MESP), at 318 $ m super(-3) (United States 2007 dollars) for biochemical conversion and 329 $ m super(-3) for thermochemical conversion. JF - Biomass and Bioenergy AU - Seabra, Joaquim EA AU - Tao, Ling AU - Chum, Helena L AU - Macedo, Isaias C AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA, jeaseabra@gmail.com Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - Aug 2010 SP - 1065 EP - 1078 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 34 IS - 8 SN - 0961-9534, 0961-9534 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Hydrolysis KW - Gasification KW - Bioethanol KW - CHP KW - Brazil KW - Alcohol KW - Biochemistry KW - Residues KW - Fuels KW - biofuels KW - Refineries KW - Electricity KW - Biomass KW - Integration KW - USA KW - Bagasse KW - Renewable energy KW - Energy KW - Economics KW - Technology KW - Ethanol KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754531150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomass+and+Bioenergy&rft.atitle=A+techno-economic+evaluation+of+the+effects+of+centralized+cellulosic+ethanol+and+co-products+refinery+options+with+sugarcane+mill+clustering&rft.au=Seabra%2C+Joaquim+EA%3BTao%2C+Ling%3BChum%2C+Helena+L%3BMacedo%2C+Isaias+C&rft.aulast=Seabra&rft.aufirst=Joaquim&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomass+and+Bioenergy&rft.issn=09619534&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biombioe.2010.01.042 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Integration; Bagasse; Fuels; Energy; Economics; Electricity; Biomass; Ethanol; Alcohol; Residues; Biochemistry; Renewable energy; biofuels; Refineries; Technology; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.01.042 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism of Hydrogen Formation in Solar Parabolic Trough Receivers AN - 1777140379; 13791273 AB - Solar parabolic trough systems for electricity production are receiving renewed attention, and new solar plants are under construction to help meet the growing demands of the power market in the Western United States. The growing solar trough industry will rely on operating experience it has gained over the last two decades. Recently, researchers found that trough plants that use organic heat transfer fluids (HTFs) such as Therminol VP-1 are experiencing significant heat losses in the receiver tubes. The cause has been traced back to the accumulation of excess hydrogen gas in the vacuum annulus that surrounds the steel receiver tube, thus compromising the thermal insulation of the receiver. The hydrogen gas is formed during the thermal decomposition of the organic HTF that circulates inside the receiver loop, and the installation of hydrogen getters inside the annulus has proven to be insufficient for controlling the hydrogen buildup over the lifetime of the receivers. This paper will provide an overview of the chemical literature dealing with the thermal decomposition of diphenyl oxide and biphenyl, which are the two constituents of Therminol VP-1. JF - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering (Transactions of the ASME) AU - Moens, Luc AU - Blake, Daniel M AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401 Y1 - 2010/08// PY - 2010 DA - August 2010 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 E. 47th St. New York NY 10017 USA VL - 132 IS - 3 SN - 0199-6231, 0199-6231 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA); CSA / ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts (CE); ANTE: Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering (AN) KW - Iron and steel plants KW - Receiving KW - Demand KW - Construction KW - Power plants KW - Thermal decomposition KW - Tubes KW - Markets KW - Receivers KW - Yes:(AN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777140379?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+Hydrogen+Formation+in+Solar+Parabolic+Trough+Receivers&rft.au=Moens%2C+Luc%3BBlake%2C+Daniel+M&rft.aulast=Moens&rft.aufirst=Luc&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=031006+%285%29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Solar+Energy+Engineering+%28Transactions+of+the+ASME%29&rft.issn=01996231&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.4001402YouarenotloggedintotheASMEDigitalLibrary. L2 - http://asmedl.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000132000003031006000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4001402YouarenotloggedintotheASMEDigitalLibrary. ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The CO Oxidation and H2 Production System in the Photosynthetic Bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS T2 - 2010 Gordon Research Conference on Molecular Basis of Microbial One-Carbon Metabolism AN - 1312962654; 6014707 JF - 2010 Gordon Research Conference on Molecular Basis of Microbial One-Carbon Metabolism AU - Wawrousek, Karen Y1 - 2010/08/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Aug 01 KW - Oxidation KW - Photosynthesis KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Rubrivivax gelatinosus UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312962654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Gordon+Research+Conference+on+Molecular+Basis+of+Microbial+One-Carbon+Metabolism&rft.atitle=The+CO+Oxidation+and+H2+Production+System+in+the+Photosynthetic+Bacterium+Rubrivivax+gelatinosus+CBS&rft.au=Wawrousek%2C+Karen&rft.aulast=Wawrousek&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Gordon+Research+Conference+on+Molecular+Basis+of+Microbial+One-Carbon+Metabolism&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.grc.org/programs.aspx?year=2010&program=molecbasis LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Renewable Energy Technologies: Water Challenges and Opportunities T2 - 2010 Annual Conference of the Universities Council on Water Resources (UCOWR 2010) AN - 1312869696; 5999104 JF - 2010 Annual Conference of the Universities Council on Water Resources (UCOWR 2010) AU - Newmark, Robin AU - Kutscher, Chuck AU - Macknick, Jordan AU - Milligan, Michael AU - Turchi, Craig AU - Young, Katherine Y1 - 2010/07/13/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 13 KW - Technology KW - Renewable energy KW - Conservation KW - Resource management KW - Environment management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312869696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Annual+Conference+of+the+Universities+Council+on+Water+Resources+%28UCOWR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Renewable+Energy+Technologies%3A+Water+Challenges+and+Opportunities&rft.au=Newmark%2C+Robin%3BKutscher%2C+Chuck%3BMacknick%2C+Jordan%3BMilligan%2C+Michael%3BTurchi%2C+Craig%3BYoung%2C+Katherine&rft.aulast=Newmark&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2010-07-13&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Annual+Conference+of+the+Universities+Council+on+Water+Resources+%28UCOWR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ucowr.org/2010_Conference/Seattle_Final_Program_June_29.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Applying Systems Engineering in a Renewable Energy Research & Development Environment T2 - 20th International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE 2010) AN - 1312862206; 5993049 JF - 20th International Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE 2010) AU - Snyder, N Y1 - 2010/07/12/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 12 KW - Renewable energy KW - Conservation KW - Resource management KW - Environment management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312862206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=20th+International+Symposium+of+the+International+Council+on+Systems+Engineering+%28INCOSE+2010%29&rft.atitle=Applying+Systems+Engineering+in+a+Renewable+Energy+Research+%26amp%3B+Development+Environment&rft.au=Snyder%2C+N&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2010-07-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=20th+International+Symposium+of+the+International+Council+on+Systems+Engineering+%28INCOSE+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.incose.org/symp2010/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=58 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Thin Film Photovoltaic Technology T2 - 8th International Symposium on New Materials and Nano-Materials for Electrochemical Systems AN - 1312853506; 5980615 JF - 8th International Symposium on New Materials and Nano-Materials for Electrochemical Systems AU - Bhattacharya, Raghu Y1 - 2010/07/11/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jul 11 KW - solar cells KW - Technology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312853506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=8th+International+Symposium+on+New+Materials+and+Nano-Materials+for+Electrochemical+Systems&rft.atitle=Thin+Film+Photovoltaic+Technology&rft.au=Bhattacharya%2C+Raghu&rft.aulast=Bhattacharya&rft.aufirst=Raghu&rft.date=2010-07-11&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=8th+International+Symposium+on+New+Materials+and+Nano-Materials+for+Electrochemical+Systems&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://nmes2010.sjtu.edu.cn/static/2010NMES%20Final%20Program.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Techno-economics of the production of mixed alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass via high-temperature gasification AN - 888099445; 15049444 AB - This techno-economic study investigates the production of mixed alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass using an entrained flow slagging gasifier. Similar analyses for 2000 dry tonne per day plants have been performed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory using indirect, and direct dry ash gasifiers. The use of a high-temperature entrained flow gasifier differs from the previous studies because it eliminates equipment for tar and methane reformation. The conversion targets for tar reforming in the previous studies, and for alcohol synthesis in all of the studies, are based on DOE's research goals for 2012. The conversion cost increased compared to both of the previous studies, assuming the achievement of the 2012 research targets. Feed handling, high oxygen demand, and a high gasifier capital cost are primarily responsible for the high cost projected by this study. It is understood that the achievement of research targets, maturity, reliability, relative complexities, and redundancy requirements will be the other keys to commercialization. The effect of key assumptions and uncertainties were evaluated using sensitivity analysis. [copy 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010 JF - Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy AU - Dutta, Abhijit AU - Bain, Richard L AU - Biddy, Mary J Y1 - 2010/07// PY - 2010 DA - July 2010 SP - 163 EP - 174 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 1944-7450, 1944-7450 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Alcohol KW - Methane KW - maturity KW - sensitivity analysis KW - Ash KW - Tar KW - Capital costs KW - Biomass KW - gasification KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888099445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.atitle=Techno-economics+of+the+production+of+mixed+alcohols+from+lignocellulosic+biomass+via+high-temperature+gasification&rft.au=Dutta%2C+Abhijit%3BBain%2C+Richard+L%3BBiddy%2C+Mary+J&rft.aulast=Dutta&rft.aufirst=Abhijit&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.issn=19447450&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fep.10445 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ep.10445/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Methane; Alcohol; maturity; Ash; sensitivity analysis; Tar; Capital costs; Biomass; gasification DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.10445 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mild hydrotreating of biomass pyrolysis oils to produce a suitable refinery feedstock AN - 888099438; 15049442 AB - Fast pyrolysis produces a liquid product that represents ~70% of the mass of the starting material. However, since the raw oil is highly corrosive, largely immiscible with hydrocarbons, and only partly volatile, it is unsuitable for use in a conventional petroleum refinery or as a finished fuel. Catalytic hydroprocessing can remove oxygen to make a gasoline- or diesel-like product, but the processing costs have not been attractive. Economic analysis suggests that mild hydroprocessing, leaving 7 wt % oxygen in the pyrolysis oil reduce hydrotreating costs to a range that is more economically viable. If the physical and chemical properties of the mildly hydrotreated products were acceptable, these materials could potentially be available for coprocessing in a petroleum refinery leveraging the economies of scale and existing refining infrastructure to produce a lower-cost product. Mildly hydrotreated pyrolysis oil with low acidity, good miscibility with hydrocarbons, and high volatility was generated in a semibatch laboratory reactor. A 0.5-L sample was produced at 360 degree C, 2500 psig hydrogen, with a hydrogen flow of 0.22 sl/g-oil/h and 10 wt % nickel-molybdenum/Al2O3 catalyst. Yields were 36% light product (7% oxygen) and 30% liquid residue. This oil will be subjected to further physical and chemical tests to determine the technical feasibility of co-processing in a petroleum refinery. [copy 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010. JF - Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy AU - French, Richard J AU - Hrdlicka, Jason AU - Baldwin, Robert AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, CO 80401, Richard.French@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/07// PY - 2010 DA - July 2010 SP - 142 EP - 150 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 1944-7450, 1944-7450 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Pyrolysis KW - Feasibility studies KW - Oxygen KW - Petroleum KW - Economics KW - Refineries KW - Hydrogen KW - Acidity KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/888099438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.atitle=Mild+hydrotreating+of+biomass+pyrolysis+oils+to+produce+a+suitable+refinery+feedstock&rft.au=French%2C+Richard+J%3BHrdlicka%2C+Jason%3BBaldwin%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Progress+%26+Sustainable+Energy&rft.issn=19447450&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fep.10419 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ep.10419/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feasibility studies; Pyrolysis; Oil; Oxygen; Petroleum; Economics; Hydrogen; Refineries; Acidity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.10419 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simple miniature controlled-atmosphere chamber for optoelectronic characterizations AN - 1671398441; 13138295 AB - A simple, controlled-atmosphere chamber that allows optical and electrical device characterization of samples is described. It can be used as a reusable encapsulation method or as a controlled atmospheric chamber for a variety of experiments, for example, lifetime testing of organic optoelectronic devices. In this paper, designs are included for this system as well as a description on how to scale it if desired. Chambers based on these designs and their elements were characterized using helium leaking checking as well as monitored for moisture ingress with an electrical calcium test. Finally, chambers were used to encapsulate organic photovoltaic devices to demonstrate the effective stable environment provided by this platform over the course of weeks. JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells AU - Reese, MO AU - Sigdel, A K AU - Berry, J J AU - Ginley, D S AU - Shaheen, SE AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd Golden, CO 80401, USA matthew.reese@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/07// PY - 2010 DA - Jul 2010 SP - 1254 EP - 1258 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 94 IS - 7 SN - 0927-0248, 0927-0248 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts (MT); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN); Electronics and Communications Abstracts (EA) KW - Miniature KW - Design engineering KW - Solar cells KW - Devices KW - Chambers KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Platforms KW - Encapsulation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1671398441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.atitle=A+simple+miniature+controlled-atmosphere+chamber+for+optoelectronic+characterizations&rft.au=Reese%2C+MO%3BSigdel%2C+A+K%3BBerry%2C+J+J%3BGinley%2C+D+S%3BShaheen%2C+SE&rft.aulast=Reese&rft.aufirst=MO&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy+Materials+and+Solar+Cells&rft.issn=09270248&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2010.03.017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2010.03.017 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Geospatial Analysis and Optimization of Fleet Logistics to Exploit Alternative Fuels and Advanced Transportation Technologies T2 - 2010 Symposium on Nanotech for Oil & Gas AN - 839702275; 5927405 JF - 2010 Symposium on Nanotech for Oil & Gas AU - Sparks, W Y1 - 2010/06/21/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jun 21 KW - {Q1} KW - Fuel technology KW - Transportation KW - Technology KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839702275?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Symposium+on+Nanotech+for+Oil+%26+Gas&rft.atitle=Geospatial+Analysis+and+Optimization+of+Fleet+Logistics+to+Exploit+Alternative+Fuels+and+Advanced+Transportation+Technologies&rft.au=Sparks%2C+W&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2010-06-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Symposium+on+Nanotech+for+Oil+%26+Gas&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.techconnectworld.com/Nanotech2010/symposia/Oil_Gas.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-11 N1 - Last updated - 2011-01-14 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Synthesis and Photovoltaic Application of Ternary Lead Chalcogenide Alloy Nanocrystals T2 - 2010 Symposium on Photovoltaics AN - 839663304; 5926715 JF - 2010 Symposium on Photovoltaics AU - Smith, D AU - Luther, J AU - Beard, M AU - Semonin, O AU - Nozik, A Y1 - 2010/06/21/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jun 21 KW - {Q1} KW - Lead KW - Alloys KW - Solar cells KW - Crystals KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839663304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Symposium+on+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+Photovoltaic+Application+of+Ternary+Lead+Chalcogenide+Alloy+Nanocrystals&rft.au=Smith%2C+D%3BLuther%2C+J%3BBeard%2C+M%3BSemonin%2C+O%3BNozik%2C+A&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2010-06-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Symposium+on+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.techconnectworld.com/Nanotech2010/symposia/Photovoltaics.ht LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-11 N1 - Last updated - 2011-01-14 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nanowire Network Transparent Electrodes for Photovoltaics T2 - 2010 Annual NSTI Conference on Nanostructured Materials and Devices AN - 839651578; 5912114 JF - 2010 Annual NSTI Conference on Nanostructured Materials and Devices AU - Bergeson, J Y1 - 2010/06/21/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jun 21 KW - {Q1} KW - Photovoltaics KW - Electrodes KW - Nanotechnology KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839651578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Annual+NSTI+Conference+on+Nanostructured+Materials+and+Devices&rft.atitle=Nanowire+Network+Transparent+Electrodes+for+Photovoltaics&rft.au=Bergeson%2C+J&rft.aulast=Bergeson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-06-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Annual+NSTI+Conference+on+Nanostructured+Materials+and+Devices&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.techconnectworld.com/Nanotech2010/symposia/Nanostructured_M LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-11 N1 - Last updated - 2011-01-14 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Projected Cost, Energy Use, and Emissions of Hydrogen Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles T2 - 8th International Fuel Cell Science, Engineering & Technology Conference (FuelCell2010) AN - 754303725; 5861160 JF - 8th International Fuel Cell Science, Engineering & Technology Conference (FuelCell2010) AU - Ruth, Mark AU - Diakov, Victor AU - Laffen, Melissa AU - Timbario, Thomas Y1 - 2010/06/14/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jun 14 KW - Fuel technology KW - Energy consumption KW - Hydrogen KW - Technology KW - Emissions KW - Fuel cells KW - Energy KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754303725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=8th+International+Fuel+Cell+Science%2C+Engineering+%26+Technology+Conference+%28FuelCell2010%29&rft.atitle=Projected+Cost%2C+Energy+Use%2C+and+Emissions+of+Hydrogen+Technologies+for+Fuel+Cell+Vehicles&rft.au=Ruth%2C+Mark%3BDiakov%2C+Victor%3BLaffen%2C+Melissa%3BTimbario%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Ruth&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=8th+International+Fuel+Cell+Science%2C+Engineering+%26+Technology+Conference+%28FuelCell2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.asmeconferences.org/FuelCell2010/TechnicalProgramOverview.c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Rapid Identification and Quantification of Soil Organic Carbon Forms Using Pyrolysis Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry T2 - 2010 Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference (Goldschmidt(TM)2010) AN - 839706993; 5943152 JF - 2010 Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference (Goldschmidt(TM)2010) AU - Magrini, K AU - Davis, M AU - Follett, R AU - Hoover, C AU - Evans, R Y1 - 2010/06/13/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jun 13 KW - {Q1} KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Organic carbon KW - Soil KW - Pyrolysis KW - Soils (organic) KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/839706993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Annual+V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+%28Goldschmidt%28TM%292010%29&rft.atitle=Rapid+Identification+and+Quantification+of+Soil+Organic+Carbon+Forms+Using+Pyrolysis+Molecular+Beam+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.au=Magrini%2C+K%3BDavis%2C+M%3BFollett%2C+R%3BHoover%2C+C%3BEvans%2C+R&rft.aulast=Magrini&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-06-13&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Annual+V.M.+Goldschmidt+Conference+%28Goldschmidt%28TM%292010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.goldschmidt2010.org/program/index LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-11 N1 - Last updated - 2011-01-14 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hydrogenases and solar hydrogen production T2 - 2010 Gordon Research Conference on Iron-Sulfur Enzymes AN - 754266175; 5819014 JF - 2010 Gordon Research Conference on Iron-Sulfur Enzymes AU - King, Paul Y1 - 2010/06/06/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jun 06 KW - Solar energy KW - Hydrogen KW - Hydrogenase KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754266175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Gordon+Research+Conference+on+Iron-Sulfur+Enzymes&rft.atitle=Hydrogenases+and+solar+hydrogen+production&rft.au=King%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2010-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Gordon+Research+Conference+on+Iron-Sulfur+Enzymes&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.grc.org/programs.aspx?year=2010&program=ironsulfur LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of genes responsible for the CO-linked hydrogen production pathway in Rubrivivax gelatinosus. AN - 733344502; 20400563 AB - Upon exposure to carbon monoxide, the purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus produces hydrogen concomitantly with the oxidation of CO according to the equation CO + H(2)O <--> CO(2) + H(2). Yet little is known about the genetic elements encoding this reaction in this organism. In the present study, we use transposon mutagenesis and functional complementation to uncover three clustered genes, cooL, cooX, and cooH, in Rubrivivax gelatinosus putatively encoding part of a membrane-bound, multisubunit NiFe-hydrogenase. We present the complete amino acid sequences for the large catalytic subunit and its electron-relaying small subunit, encoded by cooH and cooL, respectively. Sequence alignment reveals a conserved region in the large subunit coordinating a binuclear [NiFe] center and a conserved region in the small subunit coordinating a [4Fe-4S] cluster. Protein purification experiments show that a protein fraction of 58 kDa molecular mass could function in H(2) evolution mediated by reduced methyl viologen. Western blotting experiments show that the two hydrogenase subunits are detectable and accumulate only when cells are exposed to CO. The cooX gene encodes a putative Fe-S protein mediating electron transfer to the hydrogenase small subunit. We conclude that these three Rubrivivax proteins encompass part of a membrane-bound, multisubunit NiFe-hydrogenase belonging to the energy-converting hydrogenase (Ech) type, which has been found among diverse microbes with a common feature in coupling H(2) production with proton pumping for energy generation. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Vanzin, Gary AU - Yu, Jianping AU - Smolinski, Sharon AU - Tek, Vekalet AU - Pennington, Grant AU - Maness, Pin-Ching AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, Colorado 80401, USA. Y1 - 2010/06// PY - 2010 DA - June 2010 SP - 3715 EP - 3722 VL - 76 IS - 11 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA Transposable Elements KW - Carbon Monoxide KW - 7U1EE4V452 KW - Hydrogen KW - 7YNJ3PO35Z KW - nickel-iron hydrogenase KW - EC 1.12.- KW - Hydrogenase KW - EC 1.12.7.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Multigene Family KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Hydrogenase -- chemistry KW - Molecular Weight KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Blotting, Western KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Conserved Sequence KW - Hydrogenase -- genetics KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Metabolic Networks and Pathways -- genetics KW - Betaproteobacteria -- genetics KW - Hydrogen -- metabolism KW - Carbon Monoxide -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/733344502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+genes+responsible+for+the+CO-linked+hydrogen+production+pathway+in+Rubrivivax+gelatinosus.&rft.au=Vanzin%2C+Gary%3BYu%2C+Jianping%3BSmolinski%2C+Sharon%3BTek%2C+Vekalet%3BPennington%2C+Grant%3BManess%2C+Pin-Ching&rft.aulast=Vanzin&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3715&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=1098-5336&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.02753-09 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2010-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2010-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-17 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Jun;71(6):2870-4 [15932979] J Bacteriol. 1995 Apr;177(8):2241-4 [7721719] J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 2005;10(2-4):92-104 [16645307] Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Dec;1757(12):1582-91 [17123462] J Bacteriol. 2007 Mar;189(5):1931-45 [17158667] Chem Soc Rev. 2009 Jan;38(1):52-61 [19088964] FEBS Lett. 2000 Aug 11;479(1-2):1-5 [10940377] FEBS Lett. 2000 Nov 17;485(1):1-6 [11086155] J Bacteriol. 2001 Sep;183(17):5134-44 [11489867] FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2001 Aug;25(4):455-501 [11524134] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001 Dec;57(5-6):751-6 [11778889] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Jun;68(6):2633-6 [12039713] Eur J Biochem. 2002 Nov;269(22):5712-21 [12423371] Eur J Biochem. 2002 Dec;269(24):6101-11 [12473105] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jun 27;306(2):366-75 [12804572] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 24;100(13):7545-50 [12792025] J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 28;278(48):47602-9 [12975362] Microbiology. 2004 Jul;150(Pt 7):2451-63 [15256587] Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2004 Sep;68(3):453-73, table of contents [15353565] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Sep;73(9):3298-302 [1067620] J Bacteriol. 1984 Aug;159(2):693-9 [6430875] Eur J Biochem. 1986 Sep 1;159(2):393-8 [3093229] J Bacteriol. 1987 Oct;169(10):4784-9 [3308854] Gene. 1995 Dec 1;166(1):175-6 [8529885] J Bacteriol. 1996 Mar;178(6):1515-24 [8626276] Arch Microbiol. 1996 Jan;165(1):69-72 [8639025] J Bacteriol. 1996 Nov;178(21):6200-8 [8892819] J Bacteriol. 1997 Apr;179(7):2259-66 [9079911] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Oct 14;94(21):11216-20 [9326589] Eur J Biochem. 1998 Mar 15;252(3):467-76 [9546662] J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 16;274(16):10840-5 [10196160] Eur J Biochem. 1999 Oct 1;265(1):325-35 [10491189] J Bacteriol. 1989 Jun;171(6):3102-7 [2498285] Mol Microbiol. 1990 Feb;4(2):231-43 [2187144] Mol Microbiol. 1992 Jun;6(11):1523-32 [1625581] J Bacteriol. 1992 Aug;174(16):5284-94 [1644755] FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1993 Apr;10(3-4):243-69 [8318259] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Dec 30;1188(3):167-204 [7803444] Nature. 1995 Feb 16;373(6515):580-7 [7854413] FEBS J. 2005 Sep;272(18):4741-53 [16156794] N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-22 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02753-09 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessment of On-Site Renewable Energy Potential T2 - Seventh International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds AN - 754270142; 5825707 JF - Seventh International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds AU - Dahle, Douglas Y1 - 2010/05/24/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 24 KW - Renewable energy KW - Conservation KW - Resource management KW - Environment management KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754270142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Seventh+International+Conference+on+Remediation+of+Chlorinated+and+Recalcitrant+Compounds&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+On-Site+Renewable+Energy+Potential&rft.au=Dahle%2C+Douglas&rft.aulast=Dahle&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2010-05-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Seventh+International+Conference+on+Remediation+of+Chlorinated+and+Recalcitrant+Compounds&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.battelle.org/conferences/chlorinated/pdf/finalprogram.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellulose crystallinity index: measurement techniques and their impact on interpreting cellulase performance AN - 745732007; 13204442 AB - Although measurements of crystallinity index (CI) have a long history, it has been found that CI varies significantly depending on the choice of measurement method. In this study, four different techniques incorporating X-ray diffraction and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were compared using eight different cellulose preparations. We found that the simplest method, which is also the most widely used, and which involves measurement of just two heights in the X-ray diffractogram, produced significantly higher crystallinity values than did the other methods. Data in the literature for the cellulose preparation used (Avicel PH-101) support this observation. We believe that the alternative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and NMR methods presented here, which consider the contributions from amorphous and crystalline cellulose to the entire XRD and NMR spectra, provide a more accurate measure of the crystallinity of cellulose. Although celluloses having a high amorphous content are usually more easily digested by enzymes, it is unclear, based on studies published in the literature, whether CI actually provides a clear indication of the digestibility of a cellulose sample. Cellulose accessibility should be affected by crystallinity, but is also likely to be affected by several other parameters, such as lignin/hemicellulose contents and distribution, porosity, and particle size. Given the methodological dependency of cellulose CI values and the complex nature of cellulase interactions with amorphous and crystalline celluloses, we caution against trying to correlate relatively small changes in CI with changes in cellulose digestibility. In addition, the prediction of cellulase performance based on low levels of cellulose conversion may not include sufficient digestion of the crystalline component to be meaningful. JF - Biotechnology for Biofuels AU - Park, Sunkyu AU - Baker, John O AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Parilla, Philip A AU - Johnson, David K AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA Y1 - 2010/05/24/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 24 SP - 10 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Floor 6 London WC1X 8HL UK VL - 3 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Crystallinity KW - Data processing KW - Porosity KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - X-ray diffraction KW - Cellulase KW - hemicellulose KW - Digestion KW - Ionizing radiation KW - Digestibility KW - Lignin KW - N.M.R. KW - Biofuels KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745732007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.atitle=Cellulose+crystallinity+index%3A+measurement+techniques+and+their+impact+on+interpreting+cellulase+performance&rft.au=Park%2C+Sunkyu%3BBaker%2C+John+O%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BParilla%2C+Philip+A%3BJohnson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Sunkyu&rft.date=2010-05-24&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+for+Biofuels&rft.issn=1754-6834&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1754-6834-3-10 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Crystallinity; Data processing; Cellulose; Porosity; Enzymes; X-ray diffraction; Cellulase; hemicellulose; Digestion; Ionizing radiation; Lignin; Digestibility; N.M.R.; Biofuels DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-3-10 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Life Cycle Assessment of a Model Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Power Plant with Thermal Energy Storage T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754276895; 5816409 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Burkhardt, J AU - Heath, G AU - Turchi, C Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Life cycle KW - Storage KW - Solar energy KW - Power plants KW - Energy storage KW - Storage life KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754276895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Life+Cycle+Assessment+of+a+Model+Parabolic+Trough+Concentrating+Solar+Power+Plant+with+Thermal+Energy+Storage&rft.au=Burkhardt%2C+J%3BHeath%2C+G%3BTurchi%2C+C&rft.aulast=Burkhardt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparative Analysis of Solar Mapping Tools T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754275967; 5816293 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Kandt, A AU - Burman, K AU - Simpkins, T Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Mapping KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754275967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Comparative+Analysis+of+Solar+Mapping+Tools&rft.au=Kandt%2C+A%3BBurman%2C+K%3BSimpkins%2C+T&rft.aulast=Kandt&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - State of the States 2010 T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754268695; 5816270 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - McLaren, J Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754268695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=State+of+the+States+2010&rft.au=McLaren%2C+J&rft.aulast=McLaren&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Solar Resource in the United States T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754267968; 5816351 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Wilcox, S AU - Gueymard, C Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - USA KW - Spatial distribution KW - Temporal variations KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754267968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Spatial+and+Temporal+Variability+of+the+Solar+Resource+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Wilcox%2C+S%3BGueymard%2C+C&rft.aulast=Wilcox&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluating Solar Resource SVariability from Satellite and Ground-Based Observations T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754265292; 5816279 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Anderberg, M AU - Renne, D AU - Stoffel, T AU - Sengupta, M AU - Perez, R AU - Stackhouse, P Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754265292?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Evaluating+Solar+Resource+SVariability+from+Satellite+and+Ground-Based+Observations&rft.au=Anderberg%2C+M%3BRenne%2C+D%3BStoffel%2C+T%3BSengupta%2C+M%3BPerez%2C+R%3BStackhouse%2C+P&rft.aulast=Anderberg&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Analysis Tools and Case Studies for Sustainability Buildings T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754263603; 5816217 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Christensen, Craig Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Case studies KW - Buildings KW - Sustainability KW - Resource management KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754263603?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Analysis+Tools+and+Case+Studies+for+Sustainability+Buildings&rft.au=Christensen%2C+Craig&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Modeling the U.S. Rooftop Photovoltaics Market T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754263126; 5816087 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Drury, E AU - Denholm, P AU - Margolis, R Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - USA KW - Photovoltaics KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754263126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Modeling+the+U.S.+Rooftop+Photovoltaics+Market&rft.au=Drury%2C+E%3BDenholm%2C+P%3BMargolis%2C+R&rft.aulast=Drury&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Impact of Hybrid Wet/Dry Cooling on Concentrating Solar Power Plant Performance T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754261114; 5816411 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Wagner, M AU - Kutscher, C Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Solar energy KW - Hybrids KW - Power plants KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754261114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Hybrid+Wet%2FDry+Cooling+on+Concentrating+Solar+Power+Plant+Performance&rft.au=Wagner%2C+M%3BKutscher%2C+C&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing Potential PV Deployment on New York City's Network Distribution System T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754259237; 5816134 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Anderson, K Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - USA, New York, New York City KW - Urban areas KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754259237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Assessing+Potential+PV+Deployment+on+New+York+City%27s+Network+Distribution+System&rft.au=Anderson%2C+K&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - American Solar Energy Society Policy Recommendations: Update and Report Card for the 111th Congress T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754259116; 5816109 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Kutscher, Chuck AU - Mayes, Kristen AU - Schlegel, Jeff Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Congress KW - Solar energy KW - Policies KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754259116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=American+Solar+Energy+Society+Policy+Recommendations%3A+Update+and+Report+Card+for+the+111th+Congress&rft.au=Kutscher%2C+Chuck%3BMayes%2C+Kristen%3BSchlegel%2C+Jeff&rft.aulast=Kutscher&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - A Physical Method for Calculating Surface Radiation from Geostationary Satellites T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754248470; 5816277 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Sengupta, M AU - Heidinger, A AU - Miller, S AU - Renne, D Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Remote sensing KW - Satellites KW - Radiation KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754248470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=A+Physical+Method+for+Calculating+Surface+Radiation+from+Geostationary+Satellites&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+M%3BHeidinger%2C+A%3BMiller%2C+S%3BRenne%2C+D&rft.aulast=Sengupta&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Seasonal Variation in the Frequency Distributions of Differences Between Radiometric Data for Solar Resource Assessment Applications T2 - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AN - 754246438; 5816349 JF - 2010 ASES National Solar Conference (SOLAR 2010) AU - Myers, D Y1 - 2010/05/17/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 17 KW - Seasonal variations KW - Data processing KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754246438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.atitle=Seasonal+Variation+in+the+Frequency+Distributions+of+Differences+Between+Radiometric+Data+for+Solar+Resource+Assessment+Applications&rft.au=Myers%2C+D&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2010-05-17&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+ASES+National+Solar+Conference+%28SOLAR+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.solar2010.org/program/saag.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Testing of Biodiesel in Engines with Modern Emission Control Equipment T2 - 101st Annual Meeting and Expo of the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS 2010) AN - 754237492; 5788675 JF - 101st Annual Meeting and Expo of the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS 2010) AU - Williams, A AU - Burton, J AU - McCormick, R Y1 - 2010/05/16/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 16 KW - Emission control equipment KW - Biofuels KW - Diesel KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754237492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=101st+Annual+Meeting+and+Expo+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society+%28AOCS+2010%29&rft.atitle=Testing+of+Biodiesel+in+Engines+with+Modern+Emission+Control+Equipment&rft.au=Williams%2C+A%3BBurton%2C+J%3BMcCormick%2C+R&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2010-05-16&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=101st+Annual+Meeting+and+Expo+of+the+American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society+%28AOCS+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://annualmeeting.aocs.org/content/AOCS_AM10_Program_FINAL.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Exceeding Expectations: Learnings From FCV Learning Demo T2 - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AN - 754186346; 5733318 JF - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AU - Wipke, Keith Y1 - 2010/05/03/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 03 KW - Learning KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754186346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.atitle=Exceeding+Expectations%3A+Learnings+From+FCV+Learning+Demo&rft.au=Wipke%2C+Keith&rft.aulast=Wipke&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=2010-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hydrogenconference.org/program.asp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Wind-to-Hydrogen Project: Advanced Testing & Results T2 - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AN - 754182880; 5733258 JF - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AU - Harrison, Kevin Y1 - 2010/05/03/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 03 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754182880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.atitle=Wind-to-Hydrogen+Project%3A+Advanced+Testing+%26amp%3B+Results&rft.au=Harrison%2C+Kevin&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2010-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hydrogenconference.org/program.asp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Optimal Regional Layout of Least-Cost Hydrogen Infrastructure T2 - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AN - 754181305; 5733279 JF - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AU - Bush, Brian Y1 - 2010/05/03/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 03 KW - Hydrogen KW - Infrastructure KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754181305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.atitle=Optimal+Regional+Layout+of+Least-Cost+Hydrogen+Infrastructure&rft.au=Bush%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2010-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hydrogenconference.org/program.asp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Lifecycle cost and environmental analysis of hydrogen and competing technologies for utility-scale energy storage applications T2 - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AN - 754174376; 5733259 JF - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AU - Steward, Darlene Y1 - 2010/05/03/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 03 KW - Life cycle KW - Hydrogen KW - Storage KW - Technology KW - Energy storage KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754174376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.atitle=Lifecycle+cost+and+environmental+analysis+of+hydrogen+and+competing+technologies+for+utility-scale+energy+storage+applications&rft.au=Steward%2C+Darlene&rft.aulast=Steward&rft.aufirst=Darlene&rft.date=2010-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hydrogenconference.org/program.asp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage; Validation Testing of SAE Performance Based System Level Standards T2 - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AN - 754167028; 5733298 JF - 21st Annual Hydrogen Conference of the National Hydrogen Association AU - Burgess, Robert Y1 - 2010/05/03/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 May 03 KW - Hydrogen KW - Storage KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754167028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.atitle=High-Pressure+Hydrogen+Storage%3B+Validation+Testing+of+SAE+Performance+Based+System+Level+Standards&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-05-03&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=21st+Annual+Hydrogen+Conference+of+the+National+Hydrogen+Association&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.hydrogenconference.org/program.asp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Ground and Excited State Charge Transfer Processes in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes T2 - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 754241746; 5784518 JF - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Blackburn, J AU - Svedruzic-Chang, D AU - Holt, J AU - King, P AU - Mistry, K AU - Ferguson, A AU - Rocha, J AU - Kopidakis, N AU - Heben, M AU - Rumbles, G Y1 - 2010/04/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 25 KW - Nanotechnology KW - Carbon KW - Nanotubes KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754241746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Ground+and+Excited+State+Charge+Transfer+Processes+in+Single-Walled+Carbon+Nanotubes&rft.au=Blackburn%2C+J%3BSvedruzic-Chang%2C+D%3BHolt%2C+J%3BKing%2C+P%3BMistry%2C+K%3BFerguson%2C+A%3BRocha%2C+J%3BKopidakis%2C+N%3BHeben%2C+M%3BRumbles%2C+G&rft.aulast=Blackburn&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/217/assets/217_meeting_pr LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Computer-Aided Optimization of Macroscopic Design Factors for Lithium-Ion Cell Performance and Life T2 - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 754239881; 5785779 JF - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Smith, K AU - Kim, G AU - Pesaran, A Y1 - 2010/04/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 25 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754239881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Computer-Aided+Optimization+of+Macroscopic+Design+Factors+for+Lithium-Ion+Cell+Performance+and+Life&rft.au=Smith%2C+K%3BKim%2C+G%3BPesaran%2C+A&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/217/assets/217_meeting_pr LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Oriented NiO-TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Supercapacitors: Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties T2 - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 754236856; 5784659 JF - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Zhu, K AU - Kim, J AU - Yan, Y AU - Perkins, C AU - Frank, A Y1 - 2010/04/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 25 KW - Nanotechnology KW - Electrochemistry KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754236856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Oriented+NiO-TiO2+Nanotube+Arrays+for+Supercapacitors%3A+Microstructure+and+Electrochemical+Properties&rft.au=Zhu%2C+K%3BKim%2C+J%3BYan%2C+Y%3BPerkins%2C+C%3BFrank%2C+A&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/217/assets/217_meeting_pr LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Electric Power Research Institute T2 - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 754235092; 5785471 JF - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Denholm, P Y1 - 2010/04/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 25 KW - Electric power KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754235092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Electric+Power+Research+Institute&rft.au=Denholm%2C+P&rft.aulast=Denholm&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/217/assets/217_meeting_pr LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. T2 - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 754230801; 5784478 JF - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Dinh, H AU - Engtrakul, C AU - Neyerlin, K AU - Dameron, A AU - Olson, T AU - Simpson, L AU - Leong, J AU - Pivovar, B Y1 - 2010/04/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 25 KW - Motors KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754230801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Nissan+Motor+Co.%2C+Ltd.&rft.au=Dinh%2C+H%3BEngtrakul%2C+C%3BNeyerlin%2C+K%3BDameron%2C+A%3BOlson%2C+T%3BSimpson%2C+L%3BLeong%2C+J%3BPivovar%2C+B&rft.aulast=Dinh&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/217/assets/217_meeting_pr LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Emission Energy and Quantum Yield of Photo-Excited Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes: The Influence of Solvent and Surface Bound Molecules T2 - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AN - 754218006; 5784515 JF - 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society AU - Larsen, B A AU - Deria, P AU - Heben, M AU - Therien, M AU - Blackburn, J Y1 - 2010/04/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 25 KW - Solvents KW - Nanotechnology KW - Emissions KW - Carbon KW - Energy KW - Nanotubes KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754218006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.atitle=Emission+Energy+and+Quantum+Yield+of+Photo-Excited+Single+Walled+Carbon+Nanotubes%3A+The+Influence+of+Solvent+and+Surface+Bound+Molecules&rft.au=Larsen%2C+B+A%3BDeria%2C+P%3BHeben%2C+M%3BTherien%2C+M%3BBlackburn%2C+J&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2010-04-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=217th+Meeting+of+the+Electrochemical+Society&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.electrochem.org/meetings/biannual/217/assets/217_meeting_pr LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Verification of BModes: Rotary Beam and Tower Modal Analysis Code T2 - 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (SDM 2010) AN - 754162648; 5721058 JF - 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (SDM 2010) AU - Bir, G Y1 - 2010/04/10/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 10 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754162648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=51st+AIAA%2FASME%2FASCE%2FAHS%2FASC+Structures%2C+Structural+Dynamics%2C+and+Materials+Conference+%28SDM+2010%29&rft.atitle=Verification+of+BModes%3A+Rotary+Beam+and+Tower+Modal+Analysis+Code&rft.au=Bir%2C+G&rft.aulast=Bir&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2010-04-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=51st+AIAA%2FASME%2FASCE%2FAHS%2FASC+Structures%2C+Structural+Dynamics%2C+and+Materials+Conference+%28SDM+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.aiaa.org/agenda.cfm?lumeetingid=2336&viewcon=agenda&pagevie LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-02 N1 - Last updated - 2010-09-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and validation of a fast high pressure liquid chromatography method for the analysis of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis and fermentation products AN - 896222320; 15120391 AB - A simple, precise, and accurate 10-min high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the analysis of organic acids, alcohols, and furans from processing biomass into renewable fuels. The method uses an H[super]+ form cation-exchange resin stationary phase that has a five-fold shorter analysis time versus that in the traditional method. The new method was used for the analysis of acetic acid, ethanol, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, and furfural. Results were compared with a legacy method that has historically has been used to analyze the same compounds but with a 55 min run time. Linearity was acceptable on the new method with r[super]2 0.999 for all compounds using refractive index detection. Limits of detection were between 0.003 and 0.03 g/L and limits of quantification were between 0.1 and 0.01 g/L. The relative standard deviations for precision were less than 0.4% and recoveries ranged from 92% to 114% for all compounds. JF - Journal of Chromatography A AU - Scarlata, Christopher J AU - Hyman, Deborah A AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, USA, christopher.scarlata@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/04/02/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Apr 02 SP - 2082 EP - 2087 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 1217 IS - 14 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biomass KW - Renewable energy KW - Cation-exchange HPLC KW - Acetic acid KW - Ethanol KW - Furfural KW - Fast acid method KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Chromatographic techniques KW - Fermentation KW - Organic acids KW - Fuels KW - stationary phase KW - Standard Deviation KW - Liquid Chromatography KW - Pressure KW - Refractive index KW - Fuel KW - Resins KW - Organic Acids KW - Furans KW - Hydrolysis KW - Methodology KW - organic acids KW - Standard deviation KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Precision KW - High Pressure KW - SW 5010:Network design KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - A 01300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/896222320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chromatography+A&rft.atitle=Development+and+validation+of+a+fast+high+pressure+liquid+chromatography+method+for+the+analysis+of+lignocellulosic+biomass+hydrolysis+and+fermentation+products&rft.au=Scarlata%2C+Christopher+J%3BHyman%2C+Deborah+A&rft.aulast=Scarlata&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2010-04-02&rft.volume=1217&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=2082&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chromatography+A&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chroma.2010.01.061 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Organic acids; Fermentation; Chromatographic techniques; Fuels; Biomass; Pressure; Refractive index; Hydrolysis; Methodology; High-performance liquid chromatography; Resins; Furans; Acetic acid; stationary phase; organic acids; Standard deviation; Liquid chromatography; Ethanol; Furfural; Organic Acids; Standard Deviation; Precision; High Pressure; Liquid Chromatography; Fuel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.061 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization and life-cycle cost of health clinic PV system for a rural area in southern Iraq using HOMER software AN - 746156959; 12980649 AB - This paper addresses the need for electricity of rural areas in southern Iraq and proposes a photovoltaic (PV) solar system to power a health clinic in that region. The total daily health clinic load is 31.6 kW h and detailed loads are listed. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) optimization computer model for distributed power, "HOMER," is used to estimate the system size and its life-cycle cost. The analysis shows that the optimal system's initial cost, net present cost, and electricity cost is US$ 50,700, US$ 60,375, and US$ 0.238/kW h, respectively. These values for the PV system are compared with those of a generator alone used to supply the load. We found that the initial cost, net present cost of the generator system, and electricity cost are US$ 4500, US$ 352,303, and US$ 1.332/kW h, respectively. We conclude that using the PV system is justified on humanitarian, technical, and economic grounds. JF - Solar Energy AU - Al-Karaghouli, Ali AU - Kazmerski, L L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA, kaz@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/04// PY - 2010 DA - Apr 2010 SP - 710 EP - 714 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK VL - 84 IS - 4 SN - 0038-092X, 0038-092X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - computer models KW - Iraq KW - Computer programs KW - Renewable energy KW - Economics KW - solar cells KW - Solar energy KW - Rural areas KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746156959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solar+Energy&rft.atitle=Optimization+and+life-cycle+cost+of+health+clinic+PV+system+for+a+rural+area+in+southern+Iraq+using+HOMER+software&rft.au=Al-Karaghouli%2C+Ali%3BKazmerski%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Al-Karaghouli&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=710&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Solar+Energy&rft.issn=0038092X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.solener.2010.01.024 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Photovoltaics; Computer programs; Renewable energy; solar cells; Economics; computer models; Solar energy; Rural areas; Iraq DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2010.01.024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Water Challenges for Geologic Carbon Capture and Sequestration AN - 744618351; 12668063 AB - Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) has been proposed as a means to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions with the continued use of fossil fuels. For geologic sequestration, the carbon dioxide is captured from large point sources (e.g., power plants or other industrial sources), transported to the injection site and injected into deep geological formations for storage. This will produce new water challenges, such as the amount of water used in energy resource development and utilization and the 'capture penalty' for water use. At depth, brine displacement within formations, storage reservoir pressure increases resulting from injection, and leakage are potential concerns. Potential impacts range from increasing water demand for capture to contamination of groundwater through leakage or brine displacement. Understanding these potential impacts and the conditions under which they arise informs the design and implementation of appropriate monitoring and controls, important both for assurance of environmental safety and for accounting purposes. Potential benefits also exist, such as co-production and treatment of water to both offset reservoir pressure increase and to provide local water for beneficial use. JF - Environmental Management AU - Newmark, Robin L AU - Friedmann, Samuel J AU - Carroll, Susan A AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, MS 1713, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO, 80401, USA, robin.newmark@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/04// PY - 2010 DA - Apr 2010 SP - 651 EP - 661 PB - Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Ave. New York NY 10010 USA VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 0364-152X, 0364-152X KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - resource development KW - accounting KW - Beneficial Use KW - Injection KW - Powerplants KW - Carbon KW - Water treatment KW - Emissions KW - Power plants KW - Geology KW - water demand KW - Pressure KW - Reservoirs KW - Fuel KW - water use KW - Leakage KW - Fossil fuels KW - Greenhouses KW - Storage KW - safety engineering KW - Energy resources KW - Groundwater pollution KW - Groundwater KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Benefits KW - Brines KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution KW - D 04060:Management and Conservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744618351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Water+Challenges+for+Geologic+Carbon+Capture+and+Sequestration&rft.au=Newmark%2C+Robin+L%3BFriedmann%2C+Samuel+J%3BCarroll%2C+Susan+A&rft.aulast=Newmark&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Management&rft.issn=0364152X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00267-010-9434-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Leakage; Carbon; Fossil fuels; Energy resources; Power plants; Carbon dioxide; Pressure; Greenhouses; Brines; water use; resource development; accounting; Storage; safety engineering; Water treatment; Emissions; Groundwater pollution; Geology; water demand; Greenhouse gases; Reservoirs; Powerplants; Beneficial Use; Groundwater; Benefits; Injection; Fuel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-010-9434-1 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Catalytic Upgrading of Pyrolysis Vapors From De-Lignified Biomass T2 - 2010 Spring National Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and 6th Global Congress on Process Safety (AIChE 2010) AN - 742825190; 5704289 JF - 2010 Spring National Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and 6th Global Congress on Process Safety (AIChE 2010) AU - Baldwin, Robert AU - French, Richard Y1 - 2010/03/21/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Mar 21 KW - Biomass KW - Vapors KW - Pyrolysis KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742825190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=2010+Spring+National+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+of+Chemical+Engineers+and+6th+Global+Congress+on+Process+Safety+%28AIChE+2010%29&rft.atitle=Catalytic+Upgrading+of+Pyrolysis+Vapors+From+De-Lignified+Biomass&rft.au=Baldwin%2C+Robert%3BFrench%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2010-03-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=2010+Spring+National+Meeting+of+the+American+Institute+of+Chemical+Engineers+and+6th+Global+Congress+on+Process+Safety+%28AIChE+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://aiche.confex.com/aiche/s10/webprogram/start.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-17 N1 - Last updated - 2010-08-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygenic hydrogen photoproduction - current status of the technology AN - 1777110945; 13196057 AB - Oxygenic photosynthetic microbes such as green algae and cyanobacteria are capable of simultaneously splitting water and generating O sub(2) and H sub(2). This property confers them the ability to directly utilize sunlight to produce a clean fuel, H sub(2) gas. In this article, we discuss the two major classes of enzymes present in these organisms that are involved in H sub(2) production, hydrogenases and nitrogenases. We also describe the major barriers that must be overcome to bring the process to commercial deployment, as well as recent technological advances in the area. JF - Current Science (Bangalore) AU - Ghirardi, M L AU - Mohanty, P AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO, USA Y1 - 2010/02/25/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Feb 25 SP - 499 EP - 507 PB - Indian Academy of Sciences, C. V. Raman Avenue P.O. Box 8005 Sadashivanagar, Bangalore 560 080 India, [mailto:office@ias.ernet.in], [URL:http://www.ias.ac.in/] VL - 98 IS - 4 SN - 0011-3891, 0011-3891 KW - Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts (SO); Environmental Engineering Abstracts (EN) KW - Organisms KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Clean fuels KW - Photoproduction KW - Microorganisms KW - Enzymes KW - Splitting KW - Algae UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1777110945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Science+%28Bangalore%29&rft.atitle=Oxygenic+hydrogen+photoproduction+-+current+status+of+the+technology&rft.au=Ghirardi%2C+M+L%3BMohanty%2C+P&rft.aulast=Ghirardi&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2010-02-25&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Science+%28Bangalore%29&rft.issn=00113891&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2016-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization and homologous overexpression of [FeFe]-hydrogenase in Clostridium tyrobutyricum JM1 AN - 899156040; 15311919 AB - The H sub(2-evoving [FeFe]-hydrogenase in Clostridium tyrobutyricum JM1 was isolated to elucidate molecular characterization and modular structure of the hydrogenase. Then, homologous overexpression of the hydrogenase gene was for the first time performed to enhance hydrogen production. The hydA open reading frame (ORF) was 1734-bp, encodes 577 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 63,970 Da, and presents 80% and 75% identity at the amino acid level with the [FeFe]-hydrogenase genes of Clostridium kluyveri DSM 555 and Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, respectively. One histidine residue and 19 cysteine residues, known to fasten one [2Fe-2S] cluster, three [4Fe-4S] clusters and one H-cluster, were conserved in hydA of C. tyrobutyricum. A 2327-bp DNA region containing the ORF and the putative promoter region was amplified and subcloned into a pJIR418 shuttle vector. The gene transfer of the recombinant plasmid into C. tyrobutyricum JM1 was performed by a modified electrotransformation method. Homologous overexpression of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase gene resulted in a 1.7-fold and 1.5-fold increase in hydrogenase activity and hydrogen yield concomitant with the shift of metabolic pathway.) JF - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy AU - Jo, Ji Hye AU - Jeon, Che Ok AU - Lee, Seung Yoon AU - Lee, Dae Sung AU - Park, Jong Moon AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401-3393, USA Y1 - 2010/02// PY - 2010 DA - Feb 2010 SP - 1065 EP - 1073 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0360-3199, 0360-3199 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clostridium tyrobutyricum KW - [FeFe]-hydrogenase KW - Homologous overexpression KW - Hydrogen production KW - Clostridium KW - Amino acids KW - shuttle vectors KW - Hydrogen KW - Plasmids KW - Promoters KW - Gene transfer KW - Cysteine KW - Energy KW - Histidine KW - Clostridium acetobutylicum KW - Metabolic pathways KW - DNA KW - Hydrogenase KW - Open reading frames KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899156040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Hydrogen+Energy&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+and+homologous+overexpression+of+%5BFeFe%5D-hydrogenase+in+Clostridium+tyrobutyricum+JM1&rft.au=Jo%2C+Ji+Hye%3BJeon%2C+Che+Ok%3BLee%2C+Seung+Yoon%3BLee%2C+Dae+Sung%3BPark%2C+Jong+Moon&rft.aulast=Jo&rft.aufirst=Ji&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Hydrogen+Energy&rft.issn=03603199&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijhydene.2009.11.102 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Amino acids; Hydrogen; shuttle vectors; Plasmids; Promoters; Cysteine; Gene transfer; Histidine; Energy; DNA; Metabolic pathways; Hydrogenase; Open reading frames; Clostridium; Clostridium tyrobutyricum; Clostridium acetobutylicum DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.11.102 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative energy life-cycle analyses of microalgal biomass production in open ponds and photobioreactors AN - 883015951; 15306096 AB - An analysis of the energy life-cycle for production of biomass using the oil-rich microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. was performed, which included both raceway ponds, tubular and flat-plate photobioreactors for algal cultivation. The net energy ratio (NER) for each process was calculated. The results showed that the use of horizontal tubular photobioreactors (PBRs) is not economically feasible ([NER] 1) and that the estimated NERs for flat-plate PBRs and raceway ponds is 1. The NER for ponds and flat-plate PBRs could be raised to significantly higher values if the lipid content of the biomass were increased to 60% dw/cwd. Although neither system is currently competitive with petroleum, the threshold oil cost at which this would occur was also estimated. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Jorquera, Orlando AU - Kiperstok, Asher AU - Sales, Emerson A AU - Embirucu, Marcelo AU - Ghirardi, Maria L Y1 - 2010/02// PY - 2010 DA - Feb 2010 SP - 1406 EP - 1413 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 101 IS - 4 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Photobioreactors KW - Oil production KW - Microalgae KW - Life-cycle analysis KW - Energy KW - life cycle analysis KW - Lipids KW - Biomass KW - photobioreactors KW - Nannochloropsis KW - Ponds KW - Oil KW - Petroleum KW - cultivation KW - Algae KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - K 03330:Biochemistry KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - Q1 08423:Behaviour UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/883015951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Comparative+energy+life-cycle+analyses+of+microalgal+biomass+production+in+open+ponds+and+photobioreactors&rft.au=Jorquera%2C+Orlando%3BKiperstok%2C+Asher%3BSales%2C+Emerson+A%3BEmbirucu%2C+Marcelo%3BGhirardi%2C+Maria+L&rft.aulast=Jorquera&rft.aufirst=Orlando&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1406&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2009.09.038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Petroleum; Biomass; Ponds; Algae; Oil; Lipids; Energy; photobioreactors; life cycle analysis; cultivation; Nannochloropsis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Space-time forecasting using soft geostatistics: a case study in forecasting municipal water demand for Phoenix, Arizona AN - 744676634; 12597794 AB - Managing environmental and social systems in the face of uncertainty requires the best possible forecasts of future conditions. We use space-time variability in historical data and projections of future population density to improve forecasting of residential water demand in the City of Phoenix, Arizona. Our future water estimates are derived using the first and second order statistical moments between a dependent variable, water use, and an independent variable, population density. The independent variable is projected at future points, and remains uncertain. We use adjusted statistical moments that cover projection errors in the independent variable, and propose a methodology to generate information-rich future estimates. These updated estimates are processed in Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME), which produces maps of estimated water use to the year 2030. Integrating the uncertain estimates into the space-time forecasting process improves forecasting accuracy up to 43.9% over other space-time mapping methods that do not assimilate the uncertain estimates. Further validation studies reveal that BME is more accurate than co-kriging that integrates the error-free independent variable, but shows similar accuracy to kriging with measurement error that processes the uncertain estimates. Our proposed forecasting method benefits from the uncertain estimates of the future, provides up-to-date forecasts of water use, and can be adapted to other socio-economic and environmental applications. JF - Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment AU - Lee, Seung-Jae AU - Wentz, Elizabeth A AU - Gober, Patricia AD - Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO, 80401, USA, seungjae.lee@alumni.unc.edu Y1 - 2010/02// PY - 2010 DA - Feb 2010 SP - 283 EP - 295 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 1436-3240, 1436-3240 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - water use KW - Risk assessment KW - Historical account KW - Municipal water supplies KW - Population density KW - Socioeconomics KW - case studies KW - USA, Arizona KW - water demand KW - Mapping KW - USA, Arizona, Phoenix KW - Urban areas KW - R2 23050:Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744676634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stochastic+Environmental+Research+and+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Space-time+forecasting+using+soft+geostatistics%3A+a+case+study+in+forecasting+municipal+water+demand+for+Phoenix%2C+Arizona&rft.au=Lee%2C+Seung-Jae%3BWentz%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BGober%2C+Patricia&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Seung-Jae&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Stochastic+Environmental+Research+and+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=14363240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00477-009-0317-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - case studies; Risk assessment; water use; Historical account; Municipal water supplies; Population density; Socioeconomics; Mapping; water demand; Urban areas; USA, Arizona; USA, Arizona, Phoenix DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-009-0317-z ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Clean Energy Lands Cape - Linking Cyberspace with Real World Impact T2 - 13th Annual Energy and Environment Conference and Expo (EUEC 2010) AN - 42363687; 5665706 JF - 13th Annual Energy and Environment Conference and Expo (EUEC 2010) AU - Wise, Alison Y1 - 2010/02/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Feb 01 KW - Internet KW - Energy KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42363687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=13th+Annual+Energy+and+Environment+Conference+and+Expo+%28EUEC+2010%29&rft.atitle=The+Clean+Energy+Lands+Cape+-+Linking+Cyberspace+with+Real+World+Impact&rft.au=Wise%2C+Alison&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=13th+Annual+Energy+and+Environment+Conference+and+Expo+%28EUEC+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://euec.com/documents/pdf/Pre-Guide2010.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Renewable Electricity Standards and CAP and Trade Interaction and Electric Sector Impacts T2 - 13th Annual Energy and Environment Conference and Expo (EUEC 2010) AN - 42361955; 5665791 JF - 13th Annual Energy and Environment Conference and Expo (EUEC 2010) AU - Chapman, Caroline Y1 - 2010/02/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Feb 01 KW - Electricity KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42361955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=13th+Annual+Energy+and+Environment+Conference+and+Expo+%28EUEC+2010%29&rft.atitle=Renewable+Electricity+Standards+and+CAP+and+Trade+Interaction+and+Electric+Sector+Impacts&rft.au=Chapman%2C+Caroline&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=13th+Annual+Energy+and+Environment+Conference+and+Expo+%28EUEC+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://euec.com/documents/pdf/Pre-Guide2010.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Role of Alternative Energy in Carbon Emissions Mitigation under Various Technological Settings T2 - 13th Annual Energy and Environment Conference and Expo (EUEC 2010) AN - 42360204; 5665721 JF - 13th Annual Energy and Environment Conference and Expo (EUEC 2010) AU - Chapman, Caroline Y1 - 2010/02/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Feb 01 KW - Mitigation KW - Emissions KW - Carbon KW - Energy KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42360204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=13th+Annual+Energy+and+Environment+Conference+and+Expo+%28EUEC+2010%29&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Alternative+Energy+in+Carbon+Emissions+Mitigation+under+Various+Technological+Settings&rft.au=Chapman%2C+Caroline&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=13th+Annual+Energy+and+Environment+Conference+and+Expo+%28EUEC+2010%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://euec.com/documents/pdf/Pre-Guide2010.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technical and economic assessment of photovoltaic-driven desalination systems AN - 21212449; 11180056 AB - Solar desalination systems are approaching technical and cost viability for producing fresh-water, a commodity of equal importance to energy in many arid and coastal regions worldwide. Solar photovoltaics (PV) represent an ideal, clean alternative to fossil fuels, especially for remote communities such as grid-limited villages or isolated islands. These applications for water production in remote areas are the first to be nearing cost-competitiveness due to decreasing PV prices and increasing fossil fuel prices over the last five years. The electricity produced from PV systems for desalination applications can be used for electro-mechanical devices such as pumps or in direct-current (DC) devices. Reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED) desalination units are the most favorable alternatives to be coupled with PV systems. RO usually operates on alternating current (AC) for the pumps, thus requiring a DC/AC inverter. In contrast, electrodialysis uses DC for the electrodes at the cell stack, and hence, it can use the energy supplied from the PV panels with some minor power conditioning. Energy storage is critical and batteries are required for sustained operation. In this paper, we discuss the operational features and system designs of typical PV-RO and PV-ED systems in terms of their suitability and optimization for PV operation. For PV-RO and PV-ED systems, we evaluate their electricity need, capital and operational costs, and fresh-water production costs. We cover ongoing and projected research and development activities, with estimates of their potential economics. We discuss the feasibility of future solar desalination based on expected (or predicted) improvements in technology of the desalination and PV systems. Examples are provided for Middle East and other parts of the World. JF - Renewable Energy AU - Al-Karaghouli, Ali AU - Renne, David AU - Kazmerski, Lawrence L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd. Golden, CO 80401, USA, ali_al-qaraghuli@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/02// PY - 2010 DA - Feb 2010 SP - 323 EP - 328 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0960-1481, 0960-1481 KW - ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Feasibility studies KW - Resource management KW - Reverse osmosis KW - Desalination KW - villages KW - Electricity KW - Islands KW - Batteries KW - Production cost KW - solar cells KW - Economics KW - Stacks KW - Middle East KW - Electrodialysis KW - Photovoltaics KW - Fossil fuels KW - Storage KW - Coastal zone KW - Renewable energy KW - Electrodes KW - Pumps KW - production costs KW - Environment management KW - Research programs KW - Technology KW - ENA 03:Energy KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - Q2 09170:Nearshore dynamics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21212449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renewable+Energy&rft.atitle=Technical+and+economic+assessment+of+photovoltaic-driven+desalination+systems&rft.au=Al-Karaghouli%2C+Ali%3BRenne%2C+David%3BKazmerski%2C+Lawrence+L&rft.aulast=Al-Karaghouli&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Renewable+Energy&rft.issn=09601481&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.renene.2009.05.018 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Resource management; Fossil fuels; Production cost; Economics; Desalination; Stacks; Electricity; Environment management; Electrodialysis; Feasibility studies; Photovoltaics; Reverse osmosis; villages; Storage; Coastal zone; Islands; Batteries; Renewable energy; Electrodes; solar cells; Pumps; production costs; Research programs; Technology; Middle East DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.05.018 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of MoO sub(3) nanoparticles as negative-electrode material in high-energy lithium ion batteries AN - 21084715; 11087940 AB - Highly uniform MoO sub(3) nanoparticles, created using a unique hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) system, were studied as active material for negative electrodes in high-energy lithium ion batteries. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), surface area analysis (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized for powder characterization. Electrodes were fabricated from a slurry of MoO sub(3), acetylene black (AB), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder deposited on copper foil. Electrochemical performance was optimized as a function of pre-annealing temperature and PVDF ratio. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated both water removal and binder decomposition during heat treatment. However, melting binder rich electrodes appeared to redistribute the conductive additive and create a uniform coating that lead to improved durability. An optimized reversible high capacity of [not, vert, similar]1050 mAh g super(-1) was obtained for an electrode fabricated from 70:10:20 active material: PVDF with a 250 not equal to pre-heat treatment. JF - Journal of Power Sources AU - Riley, Leah A AU - Lee, Se-Hee AU - Gedvilias, Lynn AU - Dillon, Anne C AD - University of Colorado, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States, anne.dillon@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/01/15/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jan 15 SP - 588 EP - 592 PB - Elesevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 195 IS - 2 SN - 0378-7753, 0378-7753 KW - Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Environment Abstracts KW - Temperature KW - Fourier transforms KW - Batteries KW - Microscopy KW - Electrodes KW - Additives KW - Lithium KW - Coatings KW - surface area KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering KW - ENA 07:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21084715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+MoO+sub%283%29+nanoparticles+as+negative-electrode+material+in+high-energy+lithium+ion+batteries&rft.au=Riley%2C+Leah+A%3BLee%2C+Se-Hee%3BGedvilias%2C+Lynn%3BDillon%2C+Anne+C&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Leah&rft.date=2010-01-15&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=588&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.issn=03787753&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jpowsour.2009.08.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Electrodes; Temperature; Lithium; Batteries; surface area; Coatings; Microscopy; Fourier transforms; Additives DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid identification and quantification of soil organic carbon forms using pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry AN - 919640235; 2012-017181 JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta AU - Magrini, K AU - Davis, M AU - Follett, R AU - Hoover, C AU - Evans, R AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2010 PY - 2010 DA - 2010 SP - 1 PB - Pergamon, Oxford VL - 74 IS - 12, Suppl. 1 SN - 0016-7037, 0016-7037 KW - United States KW - soils KW - experimental studies KW - chemical analysis KW - carbon sequestration KW - biomass KW - statistical analysis KW - techniques KW - mass spectroscopy KW - laboratory studies KW - quantitative analysis KW - pyrolysis KW - multivariate analysis KW - identification KW - carbon KW - organic carbon KW - spectroscopy KW - geochemistry KW - Midwest KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 25:Soils UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/919640235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Rapid+identification+and+quantification+of+soil+organic+carbon+forms+using+pyrolysis+molecular+beam+mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Magrini%2C+K%3BDavis%2C+M%3BFollett%2C+R%3BHoover%2C+C%3BEvans%2C+R%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Magrini&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=12%2C+Suppl.+1&rft.spage=A657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.issn=00167037&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://goldschmidt.info/2010/abstracts/A-Z+Index.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00167037 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 20th annual V. M. Goldschmidt conference N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2014, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-09-18 N1 - CODEN - GCACAK N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biomass; carbon; carbon sequestration; chemical analysis; experimental studies; geochemistry; identification; laboratory studies; mass spectroscopy; Midwest; multivariate analysis; organic carbon; pyrolysis; quantitative analysis; soils; spectroscopy; statistical analysis; techniques; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Renewable Energy Technologies in Limiting Climate Change AN - 902370962; 15497032 AB - The recent National Academies (NRC, 2010) report Limiting the Magnitude of Future Climate Change concluded that "... renewable energy technologies that do not emit GHGs [greenhouse gases] are an important and viable part of a near-term strategy for limiting climate change, and they could potentially play a dominant role in global energy supply over longer time scales". JF - Bridge AU - Arent, D J AD - The Joint Institute for Strategic Engerny Analysis at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Y1 - 2010///0, PY - 2010 DA - 0, 2010 SP - 31 EP - 39 PB - National Academy of Engineering VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0737-6278, 0737-6278 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Renewable energy KW - Climate change KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/902370962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bridge&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Renewable+Energy+Technologies+in+Limiting+Climate+Change&rft.au=Arent%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Arent&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bridge&rft.issn=07376278&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Renewable energy; Climate change; Greenhouse gases; Technology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An economic comparison of different fermentation configurations to convert corn stover to ethanol using Z. mobilis and Saccharomyces AN - 869577107; 14819979 AB - Numerous routes are being explored to lower the cost of cellulosic ethanol production and enable large-scale production. One critical area is the development of robust cofermentative organisms to convert the multiple, mixed sugars found in biomass feedstocks to ethanol at high yields and titers without the need for processing to remove inhibitors. Until such microorganisms are commercialized, the challenge is to design processes that exploit the current microorganisms' strengths. This study explored various process configurations tailored to take advantage of the specific capabilities of three microorganisms, Z. mobilis 8b, S. cerevisiae, and S. pastorianus. A technoeconomic study, based on bench-scale experimental data generated by integrated process testing, was completed to understand the resulting costs of the different process configurations. The configurations included whole slurry fermentation with a coculture, and separate cellulose simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and xylose fermentations with none, some or all of the water to the SSF replaced with the fermented liquor from the xylose fermentation. The difference between the highest and lowest ethanol cost for the different experimental process configurations studied was $0.27 per gallon ethanol. Separate fermentation of solid and liquor streams with recycle of fermented liquor to dilute the solids gave the lowest ethanol cost, primarily because this option achieved the highest concentrations of ethanol after fermentation. Further studies, using methods similar to ones employed here, can help understand and improve the performance and hence the economics of integrated processes involving enzymes and fermentative microorganisms. JF - Biotechnology Progress AU - Dutta, Abhijit AU - Dowe, Nancy AU - Ibsen, Kelly N AU - Schell, Daniel J AU - Aden, Andy AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, abhijit.dutta@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/01/01/ PY - 2010 DA - 2010 Jan 01 SP - 64 EP - 72 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 1520-6033, 1520-6033 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Sugar KW - Xylose KW - Data processing KW - Fermentation KW - Cellulose KW - Enzymes KW - Biomass KW - Streams KW - Saccharomyces KW - Slurries KW - Economics KW - Microorganisms KW - Ethanol KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869577107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.atitle=An+economic+comparison+of+different+fermentation+configurations+to+convert+corn+stover+to+ethanol+using+Z.+mobilis+and+Saccharomyces&rft.au=Dutta%2C+Abhijit%3BDowe%2C+Nancy%3BIbsen%2C+Kelly+N%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J%3BAden%2C+Andy&rft.aulast=Dutta&rft.aufirst=Abhijit&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biotechnology+Progress&rft.issn=15206033&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbtpr.311 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; Data processing; Xylose; Fermentation; Slurries; Cellulose; Economics; Microorganisms; Enzymes; Biomass; Streams; Ethanol; Saccharomyces DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.311 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Solar Photovoltaics Technology AN - 745707068; 12578447 AB - The prospects of current and coming solar-photovoltaic (PV) technologies are envisioned, arguing this solar-electricity source is at a tipping point in the complex worldwide energy outlook. Truly, a revolution in both the technological advancements of solar PV and the deployment of this energy technology is underway. The emphasis of this presentation is on R&D advances (cell, materials, and module options), with indications of the limitations and strengths of crystalline (Si and GaAs) and thin-film (a-Si:H, Si, Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2, CdTe). The contributions and technological pathways for now and near-term technologies (silicon, III-Vs, and thin films) and status and forecasts for next-generation PV (organics, nanotechnologies, non-conventional junction approaches) are evaluated. Recent advances in concentrators with efficiencies headed toward 50%, new directions for thin films (20% and beyond), and materials/device technology issues are discussed in terms of technology progress. Insights into technical and other investments needed to tip photovoltaics to its next level of contribution as a significant clean-energy partner in the world energy portfolio. The need for R&D accelerating the now and imminent (evolutionary) technologies balanced with work in mid-term (disruptive) approaches is highlighted. Moreover, technology progress and ownership for next generation solar PV mandates a balanced investment in research on longer-term (the revolution needs revolutionary approaches to sustain itself) technologies (quantum dots, multi-multijunctions, intermediate-band concepts, nanotubes, bio-inspired, thermophotonics, solar hydrogen. . .) having high-risk, but extremely high performance and cost returns for our next generations of energy consumers. Issues relating to manufacturing are explored--especially with the requirements for the next-generation technologies. This presentation provides insights into how this technology has developed--and where the R&D investments should be made and we can expect to be by this mid-21st century. JF - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RENEWABLE ENERGY: GENERATION AND APPLICATIONS. AU - Kazmerski, L L Y1 - 2010 PY - 2010 DA - 2010 PB - United Arab Emirates University KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Silicon KW - Conferences KW - Hydrogen KW - Renewable energy KW - portfolios KW - Technology KW - nanotechnology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745707068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Sustainability+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kazmerski%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Kazmerski&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Solar+Photovoltaics+Technology&rft.title=Solar+Photovoltaics+Technology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for biofuels production AN - 21156670; 11344689 AB - Fast pyrolysis bio-oils currently produced in demonstration and semi-commercial plants have potential as a fuel for stationary power production using boilers or turbines but they require significant modification to become an acceptable transportation fuel. Catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis vapors using zeolites is a potentially promising method for removing oxygen from organic compounds and converting them to hydrocarbons. This work evaluated a set of commercial and laboratory-synthesized catalysts for their hydrocarbon production performance via the pyrolysis/catalytic cracking route. Three types of biomass feedstocks; cellulose, lignin, and wood were pyrolyzed (batch experiments) in quartz boats in physical contact with the catalysts at temperature ranging from 400 degree C to 600 degree C and catalyst-to-biomass ratios of 5-10 by weight. Molecular-beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) was used to analyze the product vapor and gas composition. The highest yield of hydrocarbons (approximately 16 wt.%, including 3.5 wt.% of toluene) was achieved using nickel, cobalt, iron, and gallium-substituted ZSM-5. Tests performed using a semi-continuous flow reactor allowed us to observe the change in the composition of the volatiles produced by the pyrolysis/catalytic vapor cracking reactions as a function of the catalyst time-on-stream. The deoxygenation activity decreased with time because of coke deposits formed on the catalyst. JF - Fuel Processing Technology AU - French, Richard AU - Czernik, Stefan AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, United States, Stefan_Czernik@nrel.go Y1 - 2010/01// PY - 2010 DA - Jan 2010 SP - 25 EP - 32 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0378-3820, 0378-3820 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Fuels KW - Nickel KW - Temperature KW - Wood KW - Biomass KW - Pyrolysis KW - Vapors KW - Catalysts KW - Iron KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21156670?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.atitle=Catalytic+pyrolysis+of+biomass+for+biofuels+production&rft.au=French%2C+Richard%3BCzernik%2C+Stefan&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fuel+Processing+Technology&rft.issn=03783820&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fuproc.2009.08.011 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pyrolysis; Catalysts; Vapors; Fuels; Biomass; Wood; Temperature; Nickel; Iron DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.08.011 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of corn stover composition on hemicellulose conversion during dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic cellulose digestibility of the pretreated solids AN - 21101280; 11091080 AB - This study assessed the impact of corn stover compositional variability on xylose conversion yields during dilute acid pretreatment and on enzymatic cellulose digestibility of the resulting pretreated solids. Seven compositionally-different stovers obtained from various locations throughout the United States were pretreated at three different conditions in triplicate in a pilot-scale continuous reactor. At the same pretreatment severity, a 2-fold increase in monomeric xylose yield and a 1.5-fold increase in enzymatic cellulose digestibility from their lowest values were found. Similar results were observed at the other pretreatment conditions. It was found that xylose conversion yields decreased with increasing acid neutralization capacity or soil content of the corn stover. Xylose yields also increased with increasing xylan content. No other significant correlations between corn stovers component concentrations and conversion yields were found. JF - Bioresource Technology AU - Weiss, Noah D AU - Farmer, Joseph D AU - Schell, Daniel J AD - National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA, dan.schell@nrel.gov Y1 - 2010/01// PY - 2010 DA - Jan 2010 SP - 674 EP - 678 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK VL - 101 IS - 2 SN - 0960-8524, 0960-8524 KW - Environment Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Lignocellulosic biomass KW - Corn stover KW - Pretreatment KW - Feedstock variability KW - Reactivity KW - Xylose KW - Cellulose KW - corn KW - hemicellulose KW - Soil KW - USA KW - Xylan KW - Digestibility KW - Geographical variations KW - Neutralization KW - W 30950:Waste Treatment & Pollution Clean-up KW - ENA 15:Renewable Resources-Terrestrial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21101280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioresource+Technology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+corn+stover+composition+on+hemicellulose+conversion+during+dilute+acid+pretreatment+and+enzymatic+cellulose+digestibility+of+the+pretreated+solids&rft.au=Weiss%2C+Noah+D%3BFarmer%2C+Joseph+D%3BSchell%2C+Daniel+J&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=674&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioresource+Technology&rft.issn=09608524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biortech.2009.08.082 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Soil; Xylose; Xylan; Digestibility; Cellulose; Geographical variations; hemicellulose; Neutralization; corn; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.082 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Application of Data Integration Methods to Aid in the Development of Second Generation Biofuels T2 - 7th Annual Rocky Mountain Bioinformatics Conference (Rocky 2009) AN - 42286410; 5622285 JF - 7th Annual Rocky Mountain Bioinformatics Conference (Rocky 2009) AU - Astling, David AU - Graf, Peter AU - Adragni, Kofi AU - Lee, Jinsuk AU - Davis, Mark Y1 - 2009/12/10/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 10 KW - Fuel technology KW - Biofuels KW - Integration KW - Data processing KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42286410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=7th+Annual+Rocky+Mountain+Bioinformatics+Conference+%28Rocky+2009%29&rft.atitle=Application+of+Data+Integration+Methods+to+Aid+in+the+Development+of+Second+Generation+Biofuels&rft.au=Astling%2C+David%3BGraf%2C+Peter%3BAdragni%2C+Kofi%3BLee%2C+Jinsuk%3BDavis%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Astling&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2009-12-10&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=7th+Annual+Rocky+Mountain+Bioinformatics+Conference+%28Rocky+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.iscb.org/cms_addon/conferences/rocky09/pdf/Program-book-Roc ky09.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ozone and TFA Impacts in North America from Degradation of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), A Potential Greenhouse Gas Replacement AN - 754542992; 13268484 AB - We use a regional-scale, three-dimensional atmospheric model to evaluate U.S. air quality effects that would result from replacing HFC-134a in automobile air conditioners in the U.S. with HFO-1234yf. Although HFO-1234yf produces tropospheric ozone, the incremental amount is small, averaging less than 0.01% of total ozone formed during the simulation. We show that this production of ozone could be compensated for by a modest improvement in air conditioner efficiency. Atmospheric decomposition of HFO-1234yf produces trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), which is subject to wet and dry deposition. Deposition and concentrations of TFA are spatially variable due to HFO-1234yf's short atmospheric lifetime, with more localized peaks and less global transport when compared to HFC-134a. Over the 2.5 month simulation, deposition of TFA in the continental U.S. from mobile air conditioners averages 0.24 kg km-2, substantially higher than previous estimates from all sources of current hydrofluorocarbons. Automobile air conditioning HFO-1234yf emissions are predicted to produce concentrations of TFA in Eastern U.S. rainfall at least double the values currently observed from all sources, natural and man-made. Our model predicts peak concentrations in rainfall of 1264 ng L-1, a level that is 80X lower than the lowest level considered safe for the most sensitive aquatic organisms. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Luecken, Deborah J AU - L Waterland, Robert AU - Papasavva, Stella AU - Taddonio, Kristen N AU - Hutzell, William T AU - Rugh, John P AU - Andersen, Stephen O AD - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc., Wilmington, Delaware 19880; Stella Papasavva Consulting, Royal Oak, Michigan 48073; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 19805; and U.S. Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 Y1 - 2009/12/08/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 08 SP - 343 EP - 348 PB - American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., NW Washington DC 20036 USA VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - Aquatic organisms KW - Degradation KW - Air conditioning KW - Motor vehicles KW - Rainfall KW - Climate change KW - Environmental sciences KW - Air quality KW - Decomposition KW - Environmental factors KW - Wet and dry deposition KW - Atmospheric models KW - Ozone in troposphere KW - Emissions KW - Ozone KW - North America KW - Atmospheric pollution KW - Simulation KW - Troposphere KW - Greenhouse effect KW - USA KW - Numerical simulations KW - Dry deposition KW - Greenhouse gases KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - ENA 01:Air Pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754542992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Ozone+and+TFA+Impacts+in+North+America+from+Degradation+of+2%2C3%2C3%2C3-Tetrafluoropropene+%28HFO-1234yf%29%2C+A+Potential+Greenhouse+Gas+Replacement&rft.au=Luecken%2C+Deborah+J%3BL+Waterland%2C+Robert%3BPapasavva%2C+Stella%3BTaddonio%2C+Kristen+N%3BHutzell%2C+William+T%3BRugh%2C+John+P%3BAndersen%2C+Stephen+O&rft.aulast=Luecken&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=2009-12-08&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes902481f L2 - http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es902481f LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-07-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Degradation; Air conditioning; Climate change; Troposphere; Simulation; Greenhouse effect; Environmental factors; Ozone; Ozone in troposphere; Atmospheric pollution; Numerical simulations; Environmental sciences; Air quality; Greenhouse gases; Atmospheric models; Wet and dry deposition; Aquatic organisms; Rainfall; Motor vehicles; Decomposition; Emissions; Dry deposition; North America; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902481f ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The photophysics of charge generation and decay in organic bulk heterojunctions studied with Time-Resolved Microwave Photoconductivity T2 - 11th Pacific Polymer Conference (PPC 11) AN - 42263773; 5612419 JF - 11th Pacific Polymer Conference (PPC 11) AU - Kopidakis, Nikos Y1 - 2009/12/06/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 06 KW - Decay KW - Microwave radiation KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42263773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=11th+Pacific+Polymer+Conference+%28PPC+11%29&rft.atitle=The+photophysics+of+charge+generation+and+decay+in+organic+bulk+heterojunctions+studied+with+Time-Resolved+Microwave+Photoconductivity&rft.au=Kopidakis%2C+Nikos&rft.aulast=Kopidakis&rft.aufirst=Nikos&rft.date=2009-12-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=11th+Pacific+Polymer+Conference+%28PPC+11%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://leishman.conference-services.net/programme.asp?conferenceID=16 04&language=en-uk LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Photoinduced Electron Transfer at Conjugated Polymer-Fullerene Interfaces: A Transient Microwave Conductivity Study T2 - 11th Pacific Polymer Conference (PPC 11) AN - 42263295; 5612094 JF - 11th Pacific Polymer Conference (PPC 11) AU - Rumbles, Garry AU - Ferguson, Andrew AU - Kopidakis, Nikos AU - Dayal, Smita AU - Coffey, David Y1 - 2009/12/06/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Dec 06 KW - Electron transfer KW - Microwave radiation KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42263295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=11th+Pacific+Polymer+Conference+%28PPC+11%29&rft.atitle=Photoinduced+Electron+Transfer+at+Conjugated+Polymer-Fullerene+Interfaces%3A+A+Transient+Microwave+Conductivity+Study&rft.au=Rumbles%2C+Garry%3BFerguson%2C+Andrew%3BKopidakis%2C+Nikos%3BDayal%2C+Smita%3BCoffey%2C+David&rft.aulast=Rumbles&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft.date=2009-12-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=11th+Pacific+Polymer+Conference+%28PPC+11%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - https://leishman.conference-services.net/programme.asp?conferenceID=16 04&language=en-uk LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A monolithic three-terminal GaInAsP/GaInAs tandem solar cell AN - 896201823; 15035943 AB - We describe the design and performance of a three-terminal tandem solar cell for low-concentration terrestrial applications. Designed for operation under a GaAs filter, the tandem demonstrates cumulative conversion efficiencies of 10.2 and 11.9% at 1 sun and 45 suns, respectively, under the concentrated direct spectrum. The middle terminal is shared between the two subcells and allows them to be operated independently at their respective maximum power points. JF - Progress in Photovoltaics AU - Steiner, M A AU - Wanlass, M W AU - Carapella, J J AU - Duda, A AU - Ward, J S AU - Moriarty, T E AU - Emery, K A Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - 587 EP - 593 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 17 IS - 8 SN - 1099-159X, 1099-159X KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Photovoltaics KW - Filters KW - solar cells KW - sun KW - ENA 03:Energy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/896201823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.atitle=A+monolithic+three-terminal+GaInAsP%2FGaInAs+tandem+solar+cell&rft.au=Steiner%2C+M+A%3BWanlass%2C+M+W%3BCarapella%2C+J+J%3BDuda%2C+A%3BWard%2C+J+S%3BMoriarty%2C+T+E%3BEmery%2C+K+A&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+Photovoltaics&rft.issn=1099159X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpip.913 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.913/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Photovoltaics; solar cells; sun DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.913 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a high-throughput method to evaluate the impact of inhibitory compounds from lignocellulosic hydrolysates on the growth of Zymomonas mobilis AN - 744611696; 13010209 AB - Overcoming the effects of hydrolysate toxicity towards ethanologens is a key technical barrier in the biochemical conversion process for biomass feedstocks to ethanol. Despite its importance, the complexity of the hydrolysate toxicity phenomena and the lack of systematic studies, analysis and tools surrounding this issue have blocked a full understanding of relationships involving toxic compounds in hydrolysates and their effects on ethanologen growth and fermentation. In this study, we developed a quantitative, high-throughput biological growth assay using an automated turbidometer to obtain detailed inhibitory kinetics for individual compounds present in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate. Information about prolonged lag time and final cell densities can also be obtained. The effects of furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), acetate and ethanol on growth rate and final cell densities of Zymomonas mobilis 8b on glucose are presented. This method was also shown to be of value in toxicity studies of hydrolysate itself, despite the highly colored nature of this material. Using this approach, we can generate comprehensive inhibitory profiles with many individual compounds and develop models that predict and examine toxic effects in the complex mixture of hydrolysates, leading to the development of improved pretreatment and conditioning processes as well as fermentation organisms. JF - Journal of Biotechnology AU - Franden, Mary Ann AU - Pienkos, Philip T AU - Zhang, Min AD - National Bioenergy Center, MS3323, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA, min.zhang@nrel.gov Y1 - 2009/12// PY - 2009 DA - Dec 2009 SP - 259 EP - 267 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands VL - 144 IS - 4 SN - 0168-1656, 0168-1656 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Zymomonas mobilis KW - High-throughput screening KW - Cell growth assay KW - Bioscreen C KW - Cellulose KW - Hemicellulose KW - Hydrolysate KW - Biomass KW - Ethanol KW - Lignocellulosic KW - Growth rate KW - Fermentation KW - Cell density KW - Glucose KW - Toxicity KW - Acetic acid KW - Kinetics KW - Hydrolysates KW - Furfural KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/744611696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+high-throughput+method+to+evaluate+the+impact+of+inhibitory+compounds+from+lignocellulosic+hydrolysates+on+the+growth+of+Zymomonas+mobilis&rft.au=Franden%2C+Mary+Ann%3BPienkos%2C+Philip+T%3BZhang%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Franden&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01681656&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jbiotec.2009.08.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Growth rate; Fermentation; Kinetics; Cell density; Glucose; Toxicity; Biomass; Acetic acid; Hydrolysates; Furfural; Ethanol; Zymomonas mobilis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.08.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-Throughput Screening Techniques for Biomass Conversion AN - 743593552; 201005-51-1723991 (MT); 11801183 (EN); 201005-70-0247062 (EA) AB - High-throughput (HTP) screening of biomass or biomass-degrading enzymes, regardless of the desired outcome, is fraught with obstacles and challenges not typically faced in more traditional biotechnology. The enzyme systems are complex and synergistic and the substrate is highly heterogeneous, insoluble, and difficult to dispense. Digestions are often carried out for days at temperatures of 50 degree C or higher, leading to significant challenges regarding evaporation control in small well volumes. Furthermore, it is often desirable to condition or 'pretreat' the biomass at extreme temperatures and/or pH to enhance enzyme digestibility. Once the substrate has been saccharified, evaluation of the extent and efficiency of conversion is made more difficult by time-consuming and tedious techniques used to measure the sugar products. Over the past decade or so, biomass researchers have creatively addressed these challenges by developing techniques to reduce biomass heterogeneity, uniformly distribute biomass samples at the small scale, pretreat the biomass at the small scale, quantitatively load these samples with enzymes, control evaporation of small reaction volumes for multiday incubations, and rapidly quantify the products. Other aspects of these measurements remain problematic and are being addressed. This review will address some of these challenges in detail, but more importantly, we will endeavor to educate the reader about the trials, tribulations, and pitfalls of carrying out HTP screening in biomass conversion research. JF - BioEnergy Research AU - Decker, Stephen R AU - Brunecky, Roman AU - Tucker, Melvin P AU - Himmel, Michael E AU - Selig, Michael J AD - Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, MS 3323, Golden, CO, 80401, USA steve.decker@nrel.gov PY - 2009 SP - 179 EP - 192 PB - Springer New York, LLC, 233 Spring St New York NY 10013-1578 USA VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1939-1234, 1939-1234 KW - Mechanical & Transportation Engineering (MT); Environmental Engineering (EN); Electronics & Communication (EA) KW - Publisher ID: s12155-009-9051-0 KW - Biomass KW - Enzymes KW - Conversion KW - Screening KW - Small scale KW - Evaporation KW - Biotechnology KW - Heterogeneity KW - Article KW - EE 70:Energy (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/743593552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioEnergy+Research&rft.atitle=High-Throughput+Screening+Techniques+for+Biomass+Conversion&rft.au=Decker%2C+Stephen+R%3BBrunecky%2C+Roman%3BTucker%2C+Melvin+P%3BHimmel%2C+Michael+E%3BSelig%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Decker&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioEnergy+Research&rft.issn=19391234&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs12155-009-9051-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-009-9051-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Solar and wind opportunities for water desalination in the Arab regions AN - 34929897; 200911-31-0148733 (CE); 10979702 (EN) AB - Despite the abundance of renewable energy resources in the Arab region, the use of solar thermal, solar photovoltaics, and wind is still in its technological and economic infancy. Great potential exists, but economic constraints have impeded more rapid growth for many applications. These technologies have certainly advanced technically over the last quarter century to the point where they should now be considered clean- energy alternatives to fossil fuels. For the Arab countries and many other regions of the world, potable water is becoming as critical a commodity as electricity. As renewable energy technologies advance and environmental concerns rise, these technologies are becoming more interesting partners for powering water desalination projects. We evaluate the current potential and viability of solar and wind, emphasizing the strict mandate for accurate, reliable site-specific resource data. Water desalination can be achieved through either thermal energy (using phase-change processes) or electricity (driving membrane processes), and these sources are best matched to the particular desalination technology. Desalination using solar thermal can be accomplished by multistage flash distillation, multi-effect distillation, vapor compression, freeze separation, and solar still methods. Concentrating solar power offers the best match to large-scale plants that require both high-temperature fluids and electricity. Solar and wind electricity can be effective energy sources for reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and ultra- and nano-filtration. All these water desalination processes have special operational and high energy requirements that put additional requisites on the use of solar and wind to power these applications. We summarize the characteristics of the various desalination technologies. The effective match of solar thermal, solar photovoltaics, and wind to each of these is discussed in detail. An economic analysis is provided that incorporates energy consumption, water production levels, and environmental benefits in its model. Finally, the expected evolution of the renewable technologies over the near- to mid-term is discussed with the implications for desalination applications over these timeframes. JF - Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews AU - Al-Karaghouli, Ali AU - Renne, David AU - Kazmerski, Lawrence L AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA ali_al-karaghouli@nrel.gov PY - 2009 SP - 2397 EP - 2407 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd , The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f)elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 13 IS - 9 SN - 1364-0321, 1364-0321 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Desalination KW - Wind power generation KW - Electricity KW - Nanostructure KW - Photovoltaic cells KW - Solar cells KW - Distillation KW - Solar power generation KW - Article KW - EE 70:Energy (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/34929897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renewable+%26+Sustainable+Energy+Reviews&rft.atitle=Solar+and+wind+opportunities+for+water+desalination+in+the+Arab+regions&rft.au=Al-Karaghouli%2C+Ali%3BRenne%2C+David%3BKazmerski%2C+Lawrence+L&rft.aulast=Al-Karaghouli&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Renewable+%26+Sustainable+Energy+Reviews&rft.issn=13640321&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rser.2008.05.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.05.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A review of power electronics interfaces for distributed energy systems towards achieving low-cost modular design AN - 34923248; 200911-31-0148727 (CE); 10979594 (EN) AB - Due to increased attention towards clean and sustainable energy, distributed energy (DE) systems are gaining popularity all over the world. Power electronics are an integral part of these energy systems being able to convert generated electricity into consumer usable and utility compatible forms. But the addition of power electronics adds costs to the de capital investments along with some reliability issues. Therefore, widespread use of distributed energy requires power electronics topologies that are less expensive and more dependable. Use of modular power electronics is a way to address these issues. Adoption of functional building blocks that can be used for multiple applications results in high volume production and reduced engineering effort, design testing, onsite installation and maintenance work for specific customer applications. In this paper, different power electronics topologies are reviewed that are typically used with distributed energy systems. The integrated power electronics module (IPEM) based back-to-back converter topologies are found to be most suitable interface that can operate with different de systems with small or no modifications. Also the requirements for a hierarchical control structure with standardized power and communication interfaces are addressed in the paper along with some discussion on future design possibilities for the IPEM-based power electronics topologies. It is expected that modular and flexible power electronics and standardized controls and interfaces, will provide commonality in hardware and software for the power electronics interfaces, thus will enable their volume production and decrease their cost share in distributed energy applications. JF - Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews AU - Chakraborty, Sudipta AU - Kramer, Bill AU - Kroposki, Benjamin AD - National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA sudipta.chakraborty@nrel.gov PY - 2009 SP - 2323 EP - 2335 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd , The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 13 IS - 9 SN - 1364-0321, 1364-0321 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Electric power generation KW - Electronics KW - Energy distribution KW - Topology KW - Modular KW - Energy use KW - Costs KW - Design engineering KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/34923248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Renewable+%26+Sustainable+Energy+Reviews&rft.atitle=A+review+of+power+electronics+interfaces+for+distributed+energy+systems+towards+achieving+low-cost+modular+design&rft.au=Chakraborty%2C+Sudipta%3BKramer%2C+Bill%3BKroposki%2C+Benjamin&rft.aulast=Chakraborty&rft.aufirst=Sudipta&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Renewable+%26+Sustainable+Energy+Reviews&rft.issn=13640321&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rser.2009.05.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Envir